,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 
,AN>*Y 9 ,ACTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,:Y IS ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION IMPORTANT8 ,:Y %\LD IT BE REMEMB]$ TODAY8 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY SUMM>IZES :Y3 

0OV] MO/ ( ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9 !RE WAS A QUITE 9SPIR+ AN>*I/ REVOLUTION ?AT 9VOLV$ BO? 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE OV] SUB/ANTIAL >EAS .<444.> BY BO? HUMAN MEASURES & 9DE$ ANYONE'S ECONOMIC MEASURES1 QUITE SUCCESSFUL .<444.> PRODUCTION CONT9U$ EFFECTIVELY2 WORK]S 9 F>MS & FACTORIES PROV$ QUITE CAPABLE ( MANAG+ !IR AFFAIRS )\T CO]CION FROM ABOVE1 CONTR>Y TO :AT LOTS ( SOCIALI/S1 COMMUNI/S1 LIB]ALS & O!RS WANT$ TO BELIEVE40 

,?IS WIDE-RANG+ & 9SPIR+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION - EV5 TODAY (T5 IGNOR$ 9 HI/ORIES ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> - DID NOT COME \T ( ! BLUE4 ,IT WAS1 AS ,*OMSKY REM9DS US1 0BAS$ ON ?REE G5]ATIONS ( EXP]IM5T & ?\<T & WORK :I* EXT5D$ AN>*I/ IDEAS TO V]Y L>GE P>TS ( ! POPULATION40 

,H]E ,I WILL SKET* ! HI/ORICAL & !ORETICAL CONTEXT ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION AS WELL AS 9DICAT+ ITS A*IEVEM5TS & LIMITATIONS4 ,HOPEFULLY1 ?IS WILL 9SPIRE O!RS TO SEEK SOCIAL REVOLUTION TODAY - ONE :I* LE>NS FROM ! POSITIVES & NEGATIVES ( ! EV5TS 9 #aicf - AS WELL AS 9=M+ \R ACTIVITIES & /RATEGIES TODAY4 

,:AT IS ,AN>*ISM8 

,FIR/1 ! !ORY4 ,AS NOT$1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( #aicf WAS ! PRODUCT ( DECADES ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZ+ & /RUGGLE - :I* RAISES ! OBVI\S QUE/ION ( :AT IS AN>*ISM8 

,SIMPLY PUT1 IT IS FRE$OM )9 ASSOCIATION & CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ 9 ?REE WORDS3 ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 ,SOLID>ITY4 ,:ILE MANY EI!R ?R\< IGNORANCE OR MIS*IEF PORTRAY AN>*ISM AS BE+ AGA9/ ORGANIZATION1 9 FACT IT SUPPORTS SELF-ORGANIZATION BAS$ ON FREE ,ASSOCIATION & F$]ALISM ) GR\PS RUN DIRECTLY BY !IR MEMB]S - :AT AN>*I/S CALL SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,?IS SELF-ORGANIZATION IS NOT SOME?+ WE RELEGATE TO ! DI/ANT FUTURE BUT APPLY N[ 9 \R /RUGGLES TODAY4 

,UNLIKE MO/ POLITICAL MOVEM5TS1 AN>*I/S REJECT ! NOTION ?AT *ANGE CAN COME FROM ELECT+ BETT] POLITICIANS4 ,RA!R *ANGE MU/ COME FROM BEL[1 BY MEANS ( SOLID>ITY & DIRECT ACTION - /RIKES1 BOYCOTTS1 OCCUPATIONS1 ETC4 ,9 ?IS WAY WE BUILD ! NEW WORLD :ILE FI<T+ ! OLD4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! UNIONS WE CREATE TO FI<T ! BOSSES BECOME ! MEANS TO RUN WORKPLACES )\T BOSSES1 ! GR\PS WE CREATE TO FI<T = IMPROVEM5TS 9 \R COMMUNITIES BECOME ! MEANS BY :I* WE MANAGE \R [N AFFAIRS )\T POLITICIANS4 

,AN>*I/S (T5 CALL \RSELVES LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S4 ,AS SU*1 A FUTURE FREE SOCIETY W\LD SEE [N]%IP UNDIVID$ BUT USE ( RES\RCES DIVID$ - RA!R ?AN 9 /ATE SOCIALISM :]E [N]%IP & CONTROL W\LD RE/ 9 ! H&S ( ! BUREAUCRATS1 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD SEE EV]YONE [N EV]Y?+ BUT CONTROL RE/ 9 ! H&S ( PEOPLE :O ACTUALLY USE SOME?+4 ,SO RA!R ?AN NATIONALIZATION1 AN>*I/S SEEK SOCIALIZATION BAS$ ON FREE ACCESS & USE RI<TS 7OR POSSESSION74 

,SU* A SOCIETY W\LD BE A VA/ F$]ATION ( SELF-MANAG$ GR\PS - IT W\LD BE DEC5TRALIZATION & DEC5T]$ ) ORGANIZATIONS BAS$ ON ELECTIONS1 M&ATES & RECALL4 ,?IS W\LD 5SURE ?AT ANY COMMITTEES NE$$ W\LD BE LIMIT$ TO ADM9I/RATIVE TASKS C>RY+ \T ! 9/RUCTIONS ( !IR MEMB]S4 ,IT W\LD BE A FUNCTIONAL ,DEMOCRACY BAS$ ON WORK]S' CONTROL & RUN FROM BEL[4 

,= MORE DETAILS1 PLEASE READ ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]'S CLASSIC WORK ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM3 ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE 7#a#i#c#g74 ,H[EV]1 TO UND]/& ! EV5TS ( #aicf :I* ,I WILL DESCRIBE1 ,I NE$ TO SUMM>IZE ! IDEAS :I* DROVE !M3 

,BUILD+ ! NEW WORLD 9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD - AN>*I/S >GUE =1 TO USE ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9'S WORDS1 ! 0DEVELOPM5T & ORGANIZATION ( ! NONPOLITICAL OR ANTI-POLITICAL SOCIAL P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASSES 9 CITY & C\NTRY0 = ! 0ORGANIZATION ( ! TRADE SECTIONS1 !IR F$]ATION 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 & !IR REPRES5TATION BY ,*AMB]S ( ,LABOR .<444.> BE> 9 !MSELVES ! LIV+ G]MS ( ! SOCIAL ORD]1 :I* IS TO REPLACE ! B\RGEOIS WORLD4 ,!Y >E CREAT+ NOT ONLY ! IDEAS BUT ALSO ! FACTS ( ! FUTURE ITSELF40 

,A NEW SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ORGANIZ$ FROM BEL[ - BAS$ ON1 TO QUOTE ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 09DEP5D5T ,COMMUNES = ! T]RITORIAL GR\P+S1 & VA/ F$]ATIONS ( TRADE UNIONS = GR\P+S BY SOCIAL FUNCTIONS--! TWO 9T]WOV5 & PROVID+ SUPPORT TO EA* TO MEET ! NE$S ( .<444.> A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY04 

,EXPROPRIATION1 SOCIALIZATION & WORK]S' CONTROL 7SELF-MANAGEM5T7 - ! MEANS1 US+ ,KROPOTK9'S WORDS AGA91 TO A*IEVE AN>*ISM W\LD BE TO 0EXPROPRIATE ! HOLD]S ( SOCIAL CAPITAL .<444.> BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES .<444.> ,!Y WILL ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 ! WORK%OPS TO CONT9UE ! WORK .<444.> !Y WILL TAKE POSSESSION ( IT AS IF IT HAD NEV] BE5 /OL5 FROM !M BY ! MIDDLE-CLASS04 

,VOLUNT>Y1 ,DEMOCRATIC ,MILITIAS TO DEF5D FRE$OM -- :ILE ,M>XI/S MAY CLAIM O!RWISE1 AN>*I/S RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS W\LD NOT ACCEPT ! 5D+ ( !IR P[] & PRIVILEGES & SO AN>*I/S1 TO QUOTE ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 >GU$ = 0VOLUNT>Y MILITIA .<444.> TO DEAL ) ANY >M$ ATTACKS BY ! =CES ( REACTION .<444.> OR TO RESI/ \TSIDE 9T]V5TION04 

,TRANS=MATION ( ALL SOCIAL RELATIONS - ! AN>*I/ VISION ( REVOLUTION WAS NEV] LIMIT$ TO JU/ 5D+ CAPITALISM OR ! /ATE4 ,WE SEEK TO 5D ALL HI]>*IES AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN SUGGE/$3 0,ONLY 9 FRE$OM CAN MAN GR[ TO HIS FULL /ATURE4 ,ONLY 9 FRE$OM WILL HE LE>N TO ?9K & MOVE1 & GIVE ! V]Y BE/ 9 HIM .<444.> 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY & ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 ! TW9 =CES = ! BIR? ( :AT IS F9E & TRUE 9 MAN04 

,NE$LESS TO SAY1 REG>DLESS ( ! CLAIMS ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 AN>*I/S RECOGNIZE ?AT TRANS=M+ SOCIETY W\LD TAKE TIME4 ,WE HAVE ALWAYS REJECT$1 TO USE ,KROPOTK9'S EXPRESS$1 ! 0FALLACY ( A ',ONE-DAY ,REVOLUTION'0 & RECOGNIZ$ ?AT 0W]E WE TO WAIT = ! ,REVOLUTION TO DISPLAY AN OP5LY COMMUNI/ OR 9DE$ COLLECTIVI/ *>ACT] RI<T FROM ITS 9ITIAL 9SURRECTIONS1 ?AT W\LD BE TANTAM\NT TO ?R[+ ! IDEA ( ,REVOLUTION OV]BO>D ONCE & = ALL04 ,SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 !N1 IS A PROCESS RA!R ?AN AN EV5T & SO A FREE SOCIETY1 AS ,BAKUN9 PUT IT1 0WILL DEVELOP & P]FECT ITSELF ?R\< FREE EXP]IM5TATION .<444.> ,! DEVELOPM5T ( EA* COMMUNE WILL TAKE ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE ! ACTUAL CONDITION ( ITS CIVILIZATION40 

,SO1 AS ,MALATE/A SUGGE/$1 0C\LD WE OV]NI<T REALIZE ALL DESIRES & PASS FROM A GOV]NM5TAL & CAPITALI/ HELL TO A LIB]T>IAN-COMMUNI/ HEAV5 .<444.> 8 ,!SE >E ILLUSIONS :I* CAN TAKE ROOT AMONG AU?ORIT>IANS :O LOOK UPON ! MASSES AS ! RAW MAT]IAL :I* ?OSE :O HAVE P[] CAN1 BY DECREES1 SUPPORT$ BY BULLETS & H&CUFFS1 MOLD TO !IR WILL40 ,MOREOV]1 9 ! WORDS ( ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,LUIGI ,FABBRI1 0CLASS DIFF]5CE DO NOT VANI% AT ! /ROKE ( A P5 :E!R ?AT P5 BELONGS TO ! !ORETICIANS OR TO ! P5-PU%]S :O SET \T LAWS OR DECREES4 ,ONLY ACTION1 ?AT IS TO SAY DIRECT ACTION 7NOT ?R\< GOV]NM5T7 EXPROPRIATION BY ! PROLET>IANS1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 CAN WIPE \T CLASS DIFF]5CE40 

0,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS08 

,I HAVE SP5T SOME TIME ON EXPLA9+ ! !ORY ( AN>*ISM BECAUSE1 SADLY1 !RE >E MANY MY?S SPREAD AB\T IT & AB\T ,SPANI% AN>*ISM 9 P>TICUL>4 ,A COMMON ONE IS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,M>XI/ HI/ORIAN ,]IC ,HOBSBAWM :O1 9 HIS BOOK ,PRIMITIVE ,REBELS 7#a#i#f#e71 DISMISS$ IT AS 0UTOPIAN1 MILL5>IAN1 APOCALYPTIC04 ,H[EV]1 TO QUOTE AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,J]OME ,R4 ,M9TZ1 0! FACTS PROVE O!RWISE04 

,I W\LD RECOMM5D ,M9TZ'S BOOK ,! ,AN>*I/S ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS 7#a#i#h#c7 AS ONE ( ! BE/ ON ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BY A NON-AN>*I/4 ,HE DID SOME?+ EXTREMELY UNUSUAL - HE ACTUALLY 9T]VIEW$ ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ! MOVEM5T ,HOBSBAWM WROTE AB\T 9 HIS UNIV]SITY (FICE4 ,HE PROV$ ?AT ,HOBSBAWM'S ACC\NT WAS 0BAS$ PRIM>ILY ON A PRECONCEIV$ EVOLUTION>Y MODEL ( POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T RA!R ?AN ON DATA GA!R$ 9 FIELD RESE>* .<444.> HE EXPLA9S H[ AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S W]E PRESUM$ TO ACT RA!R ?AN :AT ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE .<444.> TO PROVE AN ALREADY E/ABLI%$ PO9T ( VIEW04 ,9DE$1 0LEVEL-HEAD$ AN>*I/S W]E A/ONI%$ BY SU* DESCRIPTIONS ( SUPPOS$ ,SPANI% PURITANISM BY OV]-5?USIA/IC HI/ORIANS40 ,AS ,M9TZ SUGGE/S3 

0AT FIR/ GLANCE ! RELIGI\S MODEL SEEMS TO MAKE AN>*ISM EASI] TO UND]/&1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ABS5CE ( DETAIL$ OBS]VATION & 9TIMATE CONTACT4 ,! MODEL WAS1 H[EV]1 ALSO US$ TO S]VE ! POLITICAL 5DS ( AN>*ISM'S OPPON5TS4 ,H]E ! USE ( ! T]MS 'RELIGI\S' & 'MILL5>IUM' /AMP AN>*I/ GOALS AS UNREALI/IC & UNATTA9ABLE4 ,AN>*ISM IS ?US DISMISS$ AS A VIABLE SOLUTION TO SOCIAL ILLS40 

,9 %ORT1 ! 0OV]SIMPLIFICATIONS POSIT$ BECAME S]I\S DI/ORTIONS ( AN>*I/ BELIEF & PRACTICE04 ,H5CE ! NE$ TO SUMM>IZE AN>*I/ !ORY BE=E MOV+ ONTO ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION - = Y\ CANNOT APPRECIATE IT BE+ AN>*Y IS ACTION IF Y\ DO NOT HAVE A GRASP ( :AT AN>*ISM ACTUALLY ADVOCATES4 

,ANTI-,FASCI/ & ,ANTI-,CAPITALI/ 

,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> IS USUALLY CONSID]$ AS A =]UNN] ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> - A /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC & ,FRANCO'S FASCI/ =CES4 ,?IS IS NOT QUITE ! CASE = ! ,SPANI% ,LABOR MOVEM5T1 ?ANKS TO ! 9FLU5CE ( AN>*I/S1 WAS ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y ONE 9 ! WORLD4 ,! ,C,N,T1 A MASS AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNION1 RI<TLY SAW ! RISE ( FASCISM 9 ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS AS A PRODUCT ( CAPITALISM'S FE> ( REVOLUTION4 

,TO FI<T FASCISM EFFECTIVELY MEANT TO FI<T ! SY/EM ?AT SPAWN$ IT4 ,H5CE ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ON #ad ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#f3 

0,WE >E NOT ! DEF5D]S ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 BUT WE FI<T AGA9/ FASCISM REL5TLESSLY1 WE WILL CONTRIBUTE ALL ( ! =CES ?AT WE HAVE TO R\T ! HI/ORICAL EXECUTION]S ( ! ,SPANI% PROLET>IAT .<444.> 5SURE ?AT ! DEF5SIVE CONTRIBUTION ( ! MASSES LEAD 9 ! DIRECTION ( REAL SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 UND] ! AUSPICES ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4440 

0,EI!R FASCISM OR SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,DEFEAT+ ! =M] IS ! DUTY ( ! :OLE PROLET>IAT & ALL ?OSE :O LOVE FRE$OM1 WEAPONS 9 H&2 ?AT ! REVOLUTION BE SOCIAL & LIB]T>IAN MU/ BE ! DEEPE/ CONC]N ( ,CONF$]ATES40 

,9 %ORT1 ! ,C,N,T WAS NOT FI<T+ FASCISM TO MA9TA9 AN EXPLOITATIVE & OPPRESSIVE SY/EM 9 :I* A NOM9ALLY DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T PROTECTS AN ECONOMIC SY/EM MIR$ 9 YE>S ( DEPRESSION4 ,IT WAS FI<T+ FASCISM = A BETT] SOCIETY - & IT WAS ?IS FE> :I* HAD DRIV5 RUL+ CLASSES ACROSS ,EUROPE TO EMBRACE FASCISM TO PROTECT !MSELVES4 

,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ,TIMEL9E 

,!SE W]E ! IDEAS :I* W]E COMMONPLACE 9 WORK+ CLASS CIRCLES 9 MANY P>TS ( ,SPA9 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,YET1 AS ,*OMSKY NOT$1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( #aicf DATES BACK DECADES & />TS 9 #ahfh ) ! =MATION ( ,SPANI% SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION4 ,/ATE REPRESSION SOON SAW ?IS SMA%$ BUT IT WAS REPLAC$ BY O!R UNION F$]ATIONS :I* SUFF]$ ! SAME FATE4 

,!N1 9 #aiaa ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DEL ,TRABAJO 7,C,N,T7 WAS F\ND$ - & WAS QUICKLY BANN$4 ,LEGALIZ$ AGA91 IT SURG$ 9 MEMB]%IP AS WORK]S 9 ,SPA9 7AS ELSE:]E7 W]E RADICALIZ$ BY ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 #aiai SAW ! ,C,N,T DECL>E AT ITS NATIONAL CONGRESS ?AT ITS OBJECTIVE AS LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,IT WAS SOON BANN$ BY ! QUASI-FASCI/ ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A REGIME4 ,:ILE ! ,C,N,T WAS BANN$ 9 ! #a#i#bS1 9 #aibg ! ,F$]ACION ,AN>QUI/A ,IB]ICA 7,F,A,I7 - A SPECIALLY AN>*I/ F$]ATION - WAS F\ND$4 

,9 #aica ! ,SECOND ,REPUBLIC WAS CREAT$4 ,! ,C,N,T RE-ORGANIZES & LEADS C\NTLESS /RIKES & REVOLTS - ALL FAC$ REPRESSION BY ! LIB]AL REPUBLIC4 ,TWO YE>S LAT]1 9 #a#i#c#c1 A RI<T-W+ GOV]NM5T WAS ELECT$ &1 AGA91 NUM]\S LIB]T>IAN REVOLTS W]E CRU%$ & ! ,C,N,T REPRESS$4 ,9 #aicd AN 9SURRECTION 9 ,A/URIAS & ,CATALONIA CALL$ BY ! ,U,G,T-RUN ,WORK]S ,ALLIANCE IS CRU%$4 #aicf IS ! YE> ( CIVIL W> & REVOLUTION AS #a#i? ,FEBRU>Y SEES ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT ELECT$4 ,! ,C,N,T />TS TO RE-ORGANIZE4 ,ON #a#g? ,JULY ! ,>MY REVOLTS AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC1 />T+ 9 ,MOROCCO BUT SOON SPREADS ACROSS ,SPA94 ,! GOV]NM5T IS P>ALYZ$ - ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 ) ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I AT !IR HEAD1 RESPOND & DRAW UPON !IR YE>S ( EXP]I5CE 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE TO RESI/ ! >MY4 

,I CANNOT COV] ALL ! POPUL> RESI/ANCE & SO WILL CONC5TRATE ON :AT HAPP5$ ON ! #a#i? ( ,JULY 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,! TROOPS />T$ TO LEAVE !IR B>RACKS >\ND #eAM1 ) ! (FIC]S CLAIM+ TO BE DEF5D+ ! REPUBLIC AGA9/ 7YET ANO!R7 AN AN>*I/ UPRIS+4 ,! ,C,N,T DECL>ES A G5]AL /RIKE & FACTORY SIR5S CALL$ ! MASSES ONTO ! /REETS4 ,LIB]T>IANS SEIZE WEAPONS :]EV] !Y C\LD & B>RICADES >E BUILD --SOME ASSAULT & CIVIL GU>DS JO9 ! RESI/ANCE4 ,FI<T+ TAKES PLACE ALL DAY & 9TO ! NEXT4 ,! ,>MY REVOLT IS F9ALLY 5D$ ) ! /ORM+ ( ! F9AL REBEL B>RACKS 7! ,&REU B>RACKS74 

,ALL ?IS1 ,I MU/ /RESS1 WAS NO SPONTANE\S RESPONSE4 ,IT WAS PREP>$ & ORGANIZ$ BY LIB]T>IAN 0COMMITTEES ( DEF5SE0 9 ,B>CELONA'S WORK+-CLASS NEI<BORHOODS AS WELL AS BY ,C,N,T UNIONS - NOT TO M5TION YE>S ( /RIKES1 R5T /RIKES1 /REET FI<T+1 ETC4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE ! FI<T+ WAS ORGANIZ$ ! SUBSEQU5T ,REVOLUTION WAS SPONTANE\S - IT WAS CREAT$ BY MILITANTS :O HAD TAK5 ,KROPOTK9'S CALL TO 0ACT = Y\RSELVES0 S]I\SLY4 

,! ,REVOLUTION ,BEG9S 

,:]E ! >MY HAD BE5 DEFEAT$1 ! PEOPLE TOOK ! OPPORTUNITY TO TRANS=M SOCIETY 9TO ONE WOR?Y ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,AN>*I/ MILITANT ,5RIQUETA ,ROVIRA PA9TS A VIVID PICTURE3 

0,! ATMOSPH]E !N1 ! FEEL+S W]E V]Y SPECIAL4 ,IT WAS BEAUTIFUL4 ,A FEEL+ ( - H[ %ALL ,I SAY IT - ( P[]1 NOT 9 ! S5SE ( DOM9ATION1 BUT 9 ! S5SE ( ?+S BE+ UND] \R CONTROL1 IF UND] ANYONE'S4 ,( POSSIBILITY4 ,WE HAD EV]Y?+4 ,WE HAD ,B>CELONA3 ,IT WAS \RS4 ,Y\'D WALK \T 9 ! /REETS1 & !Y W]E \RS - H]E1 ,C,N,T2 !RE1 COMITE ?IS OR ?AT4 ,IT WAS TOTALLY DIFF]5T4 ,FULL ( POSSIBILITY4 ,A FEEL+ ?AT WE C\LD1 TOGE!R1 REALLY DO SOME?+4 ,?AT WE C\LD MAKE ?+S DIFF]5T40 

,! WORK]S DID NOT GO BACK TO BE+ WAGE-SLAVES BUT EXPROPRIAT$ !IR WORKPLACES4 ,! DAYS & WEEKS FOLL[+ ! #a#i? ( ,JULY SAW ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( 9DU/RY & ! L&4 ,AB\T EI<T MILLION PEOPLE DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY P>TICIPAT$1 ) OV] #f.0 ( ! L& COLLECTIVELY CULTIVAT$ BY ! PEASANTS )\T L&LORDS :ILE 9 ,CATALONIA ALMO/ ALL ! 9DU/RIES RUN BY WORK]S & !IR COMMITTEES1 )\T CAPITALI/S1 WELL-PAID MANAG]S OR ! /ATE4 ,EV]Y BRAN* ( 9DU/RY WAS TAK5 OV] & RUN BY !IR WORK]S - FACTORIES1 MILLS1 WORK%OPS1 TRANSPORTATION1 PUBLIC S]VICES1 HEAL? C>E1 UTILITIES1 EV5 FOOTBALL TEAMS4 ,AS VISITOR ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN REC\NT$3 

0,I WAS ESPECIALLY IMPRESS$ ) ! REPLIES TO MY QUE/IONS AS TO :AT ACTUALLY HAD ! WORK]S GA9$ BY ! COLLECTIVIZATION .<444.> ! ANSW] ALWAYS WAS1 FIR/1 GREAT] FRE$OM4 ,& ONLY SECONDLY1 MORE WAGES & LESS TIME ( WORK4 ,9 TWO YE>S 9 ,RUSSIA ,I NEV] HE>D ANY WORK]S EXPRESS ?IS IDEA ( GREAT] FRE$OM40 

,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION CREAT$ A SOCIALISM :I* WAS BAS$ ON WORK]S' CONTROL RA!R ?AN1 AS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 CONTROLL$ WORK]S4 ,! NEW COLLECTIVES W]E /RUCTUR$ LIKE ! ,C,N,T & ITS /RIKES & SO BAS$ ON1 AS HI/ORIAN ,M>?A ,A4 ,ACKELSB]G PUT IT1 0G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( WORK]S .<:I*.> DECID$ POLICY1 :ILE ELECT$ COMMITTEES MANAG$ AFFAIRS ON A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS04 ,! COLLECTIVES %[$ ?AT CAPITALI/S W]E NOT NE$$ = 9VE/M5T & 9NOVATION EI!R1 = 0!Y MA9TA9$1 IF NOT 9CREAS$1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION1 (T5 9TRODUC+ NEW PATT]NS ( CULTIVATION & F]TILIZATION .<444.> COLLECTIVI/S BUILT *ICK5 C\PS1 B>NS1 & O!R FACILITIES = ! C>E & FE$+ ( ! COMMUNITY'S ANIMALS4 ,F$]ATIONS ( COLLECTIVES CO-ORD9AT$ ! CON/RUCTION ( ROADS1 S*OOLS1 BRIDGES1 CANALS & DAMS40 

,:ILE 9DIVIDUAL WORKPLACES W]E TAK5 OV] BY !IR WORK]S1 F$]ATIONS W]E SE5 AS A MEANS TO CO-ORD9ATE & SOCIALIZE ! ECONOMY4 ,! ,C,N,T WAS WELL AW>E ( ! NE$ 0.<T.>O SOCIALIZE AN 9DU/RY0 AS 0P>TIAL COLLECTIVIZATION WILL 9 TIME DEG5]ATE 9TO A K9D ( B\RGEOIS CO-OP]ATIVISM04 ,AS AN>*I/ !ORI/S HAD PR$ICT$1 ! PROCESS ( F$]ATION & SOCIALIZATION TOOK TIME & DEVELOP$ UNEV5LY4 ,H[EV]1 AS ,C,N,T MILITANT ,SATURN9O ,C>OD REM9DS US3 

0,= IT CAN NEV] BE =GOTT5 ?AT IT WAS ! WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTRY :I*1 BY DEMON/RAT+ !IR ABILITY TO RUN 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE COLLECTIVELY1 ALL[$ ! REPUBLIC TO CONT9UE ! /RUGGLE = ?IRTY-TWO MON?S4 ,IT WAS !Y :O CREAT$ A W> 9DU/RY1 :O KEPT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 9CREAS+1 :O =M$ MILITIAS .<444.> ,)\T !IR CREATIVE 5DEAVOR1 ! REPUBLIC C\LD NOT HAVE F\<T ! W>04 

,GETT+ ! ECONOMY RUNN+ AGA9 WAS NOT ! PRESS+ TASK FAC+ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,FRANCO HAD ONLY BE5 DEFEAT$ ACROSS ?REE-?IRDS ( ,SPA9 & SO ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION PR$ICT$ BY AN>*I/ ?9K]S HAD AN EV5 GREAT] URG5CY4 ,?IS L$ TO ! ORGANIZATION ( MILITIAS BY ! ,C,N,T & O!R UNIONS & P>TIES4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,C,N,T'S >M$ =CES W]E BAS$ ON LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES AS MILITANT ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI SUMM>IZ$3 

0,I DON'T BELIEVE--& EV]Y?+ HAPP5+ >\ND US CONFIRMS ?IS-- ?AT Y\ CAN RUN A WORK]S' MILITIA ACCORD+ TO CLASSICAL MILIT>Y RULES4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT DISCIPL9E1 COORD9ATION1 & PLANN+ >E 9DISP5SABLE1 BUT WE %\LDN'T DEF9E !M 9 ! T]MS ( ! WORLD ?AT WE'RE DE/ROY+4 ,WE HAVE TO BUILD ON NEW F\NDATIONS40 

,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ONLY ! ,C,N,T MILITIAS W]E DEMOCRATIC1 ?OSE ORGANIZ$ BY ,M>XI/ P>TIES LIKE ! ,P,\,M & ,P,S,U,C W]E MODEL$ ON ,R$ ,>MY4 

,AS WELL AS ORGANIZ+ MILITIAS TO FREE ?OSE UND] ,>MY RULE ELSE:]E 9 ,SPA91 ! WORK]S ( ! ,C,N,T TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE 9 CREAT+ W> 9DU/RIES BY ! CONV]SION ( EXI/+ 9DU/RY TO PRODUCE HOME-MADE >M$ VEHICLES1 GR5ADES1 ETC4 ,H[EV]1 IT WAS NOT =GOTT5 ?AT A KEY MEASURE TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION & DEFEAT ! =CES ( REACTION WAS ! 9T]E/ & ACTIVE P>TICIPATION ( ! MANY RA!R ?AN P[] TO A FEW4 ,AS ,PIL> ,VIVANCOS1 A COLLECTIVE MEMB]1 PUT IT3 

0IT WAS M>VEL\S TO LIVE 9 A COLLECTIVE1 A FREE SOCIETY :]E ONE C\LD SAY :AT ONE ?\<T1 :]E IF ! VILLAGE COMMITTEE SEEM$ UNSATISFACTORY ONE C\LD SAY4 ,! COMMITTEE TOOK NO BIG DECISIONS )\T CALL+ ! :OLE VILLAGE TOGE!R 9 A G5]AL ASSEMBLY4 ,ALL ?IS WAS WOND]FUL40 

,AS WELL AS TRANS=M+ ! ECONOMY1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ALSO LOOK$ TO TRANS=M ALL ASPECTS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,WOM5 ACTIVI/S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I CREAT$ ! ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES 7,FREE ,WOM57 MOVEM5T :I* WAS ORGANIZ$ TO FI<T AGA9/ ! 0TRIPLE 5SLAVEM5T TO IGNORANCE1 AS WOM51 & AS PRODUC]S0 & RECOGNIZ$ ! 9T]WOV5 NATURE ( SOCIAL OPPRESSIONS & HI]>*IES3 

0,WE C\LD NOT SEP>ATE ! WOM5'S PROBLEM FROM ! SOCIAL PROBLEM1 NOR C\LD WE D5Y .<ITS.> SIGNIFICANCE .<444.> BY CONV]T+ WOM5 9TO A SIMPLE 9/RUM5T = ANY ORGANIZATION1 EV5 \R [N LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION4 ,! 9T5TION .<444.> WAS MU* MU* BROAD]3 .<444.> TO EMP[] WOM5 TO MAKE ( !M 9DIVIDUALS CAPABLE ( CONTRIBUT+ TO ! /RUCTUR+ ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY1 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE LE>N$ TO BE SELF-DET]M9+0 

,?IS WAS NE$$ BECAUSE1 9 SPITE ( A !ORETICAL AW>5ESS ( ! NE$ = SEXUAL EQUALITY1 MANY MALE AN>*I/S 9 ,SPA9 PRACTIC$ MAN>*Y 9 ACTION4 ,?US PATRI>*Y )9 ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T ALSO HAD TO BE COMBAT$ AS ,KYRAL9A1 A ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES ACTIVI/1 >GU$3 

0,ALL ?OSE COMPAN]OS1 H[EV] RADICAL !Y MAY BE 9 CAFES1 UNIONS1 & EV5 AFF9ITY GR\PS1 SEEM TO DROP !IR CO/UMES AS LOV]S ( FEMALE LIB]ATION AT ! DOORS ( !IR HOMES4 ,9SIDE1 !Y BEHAVE ) !IR COMPAN]AS JU/ LIKE COMMON HUSB&S40 

,ANO!R1 ,SOL$AD1 /RESS$ ?AT 0.<I.>T WAS ESS5TIAL ?AT WE WORK & /RUGGLE TOGE!R1 BECAUSE O!RWISE1 !RE W\LD BE NO SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,BUT WE NE$$ \R [N ORGANIZATION TO FI<T = \RSELVES40 ,?IS WAS BAS$1 TO USE ! WORDS ( ,LUCIA ,SAN*EZ ,SAORNIL1 EMP[]M5T 7CAPACITACION73 

0,IT IS NOT .<! MAN.> :O IS CALL$ UPON TO SET \T ! ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES ( ! WOMAN 9 SOCIETY1 NO MATT] H[ ELEVAT$ HE MI<T CONSID] !M TO BE4 ,NO1 ! AN>*I/ WAY IS TO ALL[ ! WOMAN TO ACT FREELY H]SELF1 )\T TUTORS OR EXT]NAL PRESSURES2 ?AT %E MAY DEVELOP 9 ! DIRECTION ?AT H] NATURE & H] FACULTIES DICTATE40 

,) ?IS P]SPECTIVE ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES W]E ACTIVE ACROSS ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9 & CREAT$ ALT]NATIVES :I* UND]CUT PATRI>*Y :]EV] IT RAIS$ ITS UGLY HEAD - 9CLUD+ 9 ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I4 

,?US A NEW WORLD WAS CREAT$ ACROSS ,SPA91 ONE :I* TRANS=M$ EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE - FROM ! ECONOMIC TO ! P]SONAL4 ,A WORLD :I* ,GEORGE ,ORWELL VIVIDLY REC\NT$ :5 HE >RIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#c#f3 

0,! ,AN>*I/S W]E /ILL 9 VIRTUAL CONTROL ( ,CATALONIA & ! REVOLUTION WAS /ILL 9 FULL SW+4 .<444.> ,IT WAS ! FIR/ TIME ?AT ,I HAD EV] BE5 9 A T[N :]E ! WORK+ CLASS WAS 9 ! SADDLE4 ,PRACTICALLY EV]Y BUILD+ ( ANY SIZE HAD BE5 SEIZ$ BY ! WORK]S & WAS DRAP$ ) R$ FLAGS OR ) ! R$ & BLACK FLAG ( ! ,AN>*I/S .<444.> ,ABOVE ALL1 !RE WAS A BELIEF 9 ! REVOLUTION & ! FUTURE1 A FEEL+ ( HAV+ SUDD5LY EM]G$ 9TO AN ]A ( EQUALITY & FRE$OM4 ,HUMAN BE+S W]E TRY+ TO BEHAVE AS HUMAN BE+S & NOT AS COGS 9 ! CAPITALI/ MA*9E40 

,AN ,9COMPLETE ,REVOLUTION 

,AFT] #a#i? ,JULY1 ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T />T$ TO BUILD ! BEG9N+S ( ,AN>*Y4 ,WORKPLACES & L& EXPROPRIAT$ & COLLECTIVIZ$ UND] WORK]S CONTROL :ILE UNION- & P>TY-BAS$ MILITIAS W]E ORGANIZ$ TO DEFEAT ,FRANCO'S =CES4 

,YET1 WAS ! ,/ATE SMA%$ & REPLAC$ BY A F$]ATION ( WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS AS AN>*ISM HAD LONG >GU$8 ,NO - ! ,C,N,T 9 ,B>CELONA DECID$ TO COOP]ATE ) O!R ANTI-FASCI/ GR\PS 9 A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS4 ,AS !Y LAT] REC\NT$1 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T DECID$ 0NOT TO SPEAK AB\T ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS LONG AS P>T ( ,SPA9 WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! FASCI/S40 ,?IS EV5TUALLY L$ TO ! ,C,N,T JO9+ ! ,CATALAN & ,SPANI% GOV]NM5TS & W]E QUICKLY M>G9ALIZ$ 

,! QUE/ION IS3 :Y8 ,WAS ?IS AN>*I/ !ORY OR ! SITUATION FAC+ AN>*I/S8 ,AS AN>*I/ !ORY WAS IGNOR$1 IT MU/ BE ! SECOND4 

,=1 LE/ WE =GET1 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ! ,>MY 9 ,B>CELONA ! ,C,N,T WAS ISOLAT$ - IT HAD NO IDEA :AT ! SITUATION WAS ELSE:]E1 EV5 ELSE:]E 9 ,CATALONIA4 ,!N !RE WAS ! DANG] ( FI<T+ ON TWO FRONTS IF LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM WAS DECL>$ AS !RE WAS DI/9CT POSSIBILITY ( HAV+ TO FI<T ,FRANCO & ! ,REPUBLICAN ,/ATE 9 ?AT CASE4 ,!N !RE WAS ! FE> ( WID] =EIGN 9T]V5TION AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION BEYOND ! HELP ,FRANCO RECEIV$ FROM ,G]MANY & ,ITALY4 ,F9ALLY1 !RE WAS OPTIMISM 9 ! MEMB]%IP :O HAD JU/ DEFEAT$ ! ,>MY 9 ,B>CELONA & SO W]E WILL+ TO TOL]ATE ! REMNANTS ( ! ,/ATE = A %ORT P]IOD :ILE ,FRANCO WAS DEFEAT$ - P>TICUL>LY AS !RE WAS SO MU* ELSE TO DO LIKE ORGANIZE MILITIAS & AN ECONOMY4 

,ALL !SE FACTORS HELP EXPLA9 ! DECISION TO IGNORE ,AN>*I/ !ORY RA!R ?AN PU% = LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM EV5 IF IT DOES NOT JU/IFY IT NOR MAKE IT CORRECT4 

,! ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 

,ULTIMATELY1 ! DECISION ( ! ,C,N,T TO AVOID FI<T+ ON TWO FRONTS DID NOT MEAN IT DID NOT HAPP54 ,! REMNANTS ( ! ,/ATE & ! CAPITALI/ CLASS REGR\P$ & PURSU$ A C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,AT ITS HEAD WAS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY - & ?IS P>TY SOON CREAT$ A CIVIL W> )9 ! CIVIL W>4 

,9 ,SPA91 IT SID$ ) ! URBAN & RURAL PETIT-B\RGEOIS & B\RGEOIS TO 7F9ALLY7 GET A MASS BASE & UND]M9$ ! GA9S ( ! REVOLUTION :ILE ,U,S,S,R %AP$ ,GOV]NM5T ,POLICY BY SUPPLY+ WEAPONS 7& TO GET ITS CLAWS ON ,SPANI% GOLD74 ,! ATTACK ON ! REVOLUTION REA*$ ITS CLIMAX 9 ! ,MAY ,DAYS ( #aicg :I* BEGAN ) A GOV]NM5T ATTACK ON ,B>CELONA'S COLLECTIVIZ$ TELEPHONE EX*ANGE4 ,?IS SAW ,C,N,T MEMB]S RAISE B>RICADES ACROSS ! CITY :ILE ! ,COMMUNI/ & ,/ATE =CES ASSASS9AT$ AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S 79CLUD+ ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ & REFUGEE FROM ,MUSSOL9I1 ,CAMILO ,B]N]I74 ,ELSE:]E1 SAW ! DE/RUCTION ( ! RURAL COLLECTIVES BY USE ( TROOPS & TANKS :ILE FALSELY CLAIM+ ! PEASANTS W]E =C$ TO JO9 - AT ! SAME TIME PRAIS+ ,/AL9'S COLLECTIVIZATION6 

,AS WELL AS US+ TROOPS & TANKS AGA9/ PEASANTS RA!R ?AN ,FRANCO'S TROOPS1 ! ,/ATE D5I$ RES\RCES & WEAPONS TO LIB]T>IAN TROOPS & COLLECTIVES4 ,GEORGE ,ORWELL /AT$ ! OBVI\S3 

0,A GOV]NM5T :I* S5DS BOYS ( FIFTE5 TO ! FRONT ) RIFLES =TY YE>S OLD & KEEPS ITS BIGGE/ M5 & NEWE/ WEAPONS 9 ! RE> IS MANIFE/LY MORE AFRAID ( ! REVOLUTION ! FASCI/S0 

,F9ALLY1 ,I %\LD NOTE ! POLITICAL REPRESSION & TRIALS ( RADICALS - />T+ ) ! DISS5T ,M>XI/S ( ! ,P,\,M AS 0,TROTSKY-,FASCI/S0 7AL?\< ,TROTSKY HAD FEW1 IF ANY1 K9D WORDS = ! P>TY74 ,IT WAS EXP]I5C+ ?IS AT FIR/ H& :I* =C$ ,ORWELL - A MEMB] ( ! ,P,\,M MILITIA - TO FLEE ,SPA94 

,LESSONS ( ! ,REVOLUTION 

,YES1 ULTIMATELY ! REVOLUTION WAS DEFEAT$ BUT IT MU/ BE /RESS$ ?AT EV]Y POLITICAL GR\P+ FAIL$ - AN>*I/S1 SOCIALI/S1 ,/AL9I/S1 ! ,P,\,M & ! H&FUL ( ,TROTSKYI/S4 

,9 >EAS W]E ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T WAS BIGG] ?AN ! ,C,N,T ! REVOLUTION WAS CORRESPOND+LY LESS4 ,AS AN>*I/ ,ABEL ,PAZ NOTES 09 ,MADRID1 ?ANKS TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 B\RGEOIS /RUCTURES W]E LEFT 9TACT & EV5 =TIFI$3 A SEMI-DEAD /ATE RECEIV$ A NEW LEASE ( LIFE & NO DUAL P[] WAS CREAT$ TO NEUTRALIZE IT40 ,9 T]MS ( ! ,/AL9I/S1 !Y DEFEAT$ ! REVOLUTION1 REPLAC$ ! MILITIAS ) AN >MY1 PLACAT$ ! B\RGEOISIE BUT ,FRANCO /ILL WON4 ,SO ! ,COMMUNI/ SOLUTION COMPLETELY FAIL$ - ! ,PEOPLE ,>M$ WON ! REVOLUTION1 ! ,PEOPLE'S ,>MY LO/ ! W>4 

,! ,SPA9 LABOR MOVEM5T CLE>LY V9DICAT$ ! AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM4 ,:ILE ! AN>*I/ 9FLU5C$ UNIONS REMA9$ MILITANT1 ! SOCIALI/S SOON BECAME AS RE=MI/ AS ,BAKUN9 PR$ICT$3 

0! WORK]S .<444.> WILL S5D COMMON WORK]S .<444.> TO .<444.> ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLIES4 .<444.> ,! WORK]-DEPUTIES1 TRANSPLANT$ 9TO A B\RGEOIS 5VIRONM5T1 9TO AN ATMOSPH]E ( PURELY B\RGEOIS POLITICAL IDEAS1 WILL 9 FACT CEASE TO BE WORK]S &1 BECOM+ ,/ATESM51 !Y WILL BECOME B\RGEOIS1 & P]HAPS EV5 MORE B\RGEOIS ?AN ! ,B\RGEOIS !MSELVES4 ,= M5 DO NOT MAKE !IR SITUATIONS2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 M5 >E MADE BY !M04 

,9DE$1 IT WAS ! LIB]T>IAN LABOR MOVEM5T :I* WAS ! 9NOVATIVE TR5D - SO MU* SO1 MANY ,M>XI/S (T5 PO9T TO ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION AS AN EXAMPLE ( SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION6 ,AS SU*1 ,5GELS WAS COMPLETELY WRONG :5 HE PROCLAIM$ 9 ! #a#h#gS ?AT 0WE MAY SAFELY PR$ICT ?AT ! NEW DEP>TURE WILL NOT COME FROM !SE 'AN>*I/' SP\T]S1 BUT FROM ! SMALL BODY ( 9TELLIG5T & 5]GETIC WORKM5 :O1 9 #a#h#g#b1 REMA9$ TRUE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL40 

,! REASONS >E CLE> 5\< - AS AN>*I/S HAD LONG >GU$1 ORGANIZ+ & FI<T+ ON ! ECONOMIC PLA9 RADICALIZ$ ?OSE 9VOLV$ RA!R ?AN PRODUC+ ! APA?Y & RE=MISM ASSOCIAT$ ) ELECTIONE]+4 ,LIKEWISE1 ! AN>*I/ CRITIQUE 9VOLV$ ALL SOCIAL HI]>*IES & OPPRESSIONS :I* MEANT - TO USE ! WORDS ( HI/ORIAN ,J4 ,ROM]O ,MAURA - ?AT 0! DEM&S ( ! ,C,N,T W5T MU* FUR!R ?AN ?OSE ( ANY SOCIAL DEMOCRAT3 ) ITS EMPHASIS ON TRUE EQUALITY1 AUTOGE/ION .<SELF-MANAGEM5T.> & WORK+ CLASS DIGNITY1 AN>*O-SYNDICALISM MADE DEM&S ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM C\LD NOT POSSIBLY GRANT TO ! WORK]S40 

,IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT ,AN>*ISM ITSELF HAD PR$ICT$ ! FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,KROPOTK91 = EXAMPLE1 HAD REPEAT$LY /RESS$ ?AT 0A NEW =M ( ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION WILL NECESS>ILY REQUIRE A NEW =M ( POLITICAL /RUCTURE0 BUT ! ,C,N,T REFUS$ TO DO ?IS \T ( A DESIRE TO PROMOTE ANTI-FASCI/ UNITY4 ,H[EV]1 9 PRACTICE ?IS COOP]ATION )9 NON-WORK] ORGANIZATIONS DID LITTLE TO AID ! REVOLUTION NOR EV5 ! FI<T AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,AS ,KROPOTK9 HAD SUGGE/$3 

0:AT MEANS CAN ! ,/ATE PROVIDE TO ABOLI% ?IS MONOPOLY ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS C\LD NOT F9D 9 ITS [N /R5G? & GR\PS8 .<444.> ,C\LD ITS GOV]NM5TAL MA*9E1 DEVELOP$ = ! CREATION & UPHOLD+ ( !SE .<CLASS.> PRIVILEGES1 N[ BE US$ TO ABOLI% !M8 ,W\LD NOT ! NEW FUNCTION REQUIRE NEW ORGANS8 ,& !SE NEW ORGANS W\LD !Y NOT HAVE TO BE CREAT$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 9 !IR UNIONS1 !IR F$]ATIONS1 COMPLETELY \TSIDE ! ,/ATE80 

,! EXP]I5CE ( #aicf RE9=CES ?IS >GUM5T = ,AN>*I/S DID NOT FULLY APPLY ,AN>*I/ IDEAS & DISA/] RESULT$4 ,9 %ORT1 AS ,BRITI% AN>*I/ ,V]NON ,RI*>DS PUT IT1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 0FAIL$ TO PUT !IR !ORIES TO ! TE/1 ADOPT+ ! TACTICS ( ! 5EMY04 ,RA!R ?AN1 TO USE ,BAKUN9'S WORDS1 CREATE 0! F$]ATIVE ,ALLIANCE ( ALL WORK+ M5'S ASSOCIATIONS 09 ORD] TO 0CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMUNE0 & SO 0! F$]ATION ( 9SURG5T ASSOCIATIONS0 TO 0ORGANIZE A REVOLUTION>Y =CE CAPABLE ( DEFEAT+ REACTION0 ! ,C,N,T 9 ,B>CELONA ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS4 ,9/EAD ( ?IS BODY IT %\LD HAVE CALL$ A FULL PL5UM ( ,C,N,T UNIONS & NEI<BORHOOD DEF5SE COMMITTEES ) DELEGATES 9VIT$ FROM ,U,G,T & UNORGANIZ$ WORKPLACES4 ,ONLY ?IS W\LD HAVE BUILT ! POPUL> F$]ATIONS :I* C\LD HAVE SUCCESSFULLY RESI/$ ,FRANCO & DEF5D$ ! REVOLUTION4 

,! DECISION TO WORK ) O!R ANTI-FASCI/ P>TIES & UNIONS WAS UND]/&ABLE BUT SU* COOP]ATION HAD TO BE BAS$ ON POPUL> ORGANIZATION FROM BEL[4 ,ANTI-,FASCISM IS NOT 5\< - ! NE$ REMA9S TO DE/ROY ! SY/EM :I* SPAWNS IT4 ,AS ,SCOTTI% ,AN>*I/ ,E!L ,MC,DONALD PUT IT3 

0,FASCISM IS NOT SOME?+ NEW1 SOME NEW =CE ( EVIL OPPOS$ TO SOCIETY1 BUT IS ONLY ! OLD 5EMY1 ,CAPITALISM1 UND] A NEW & FE>FUL S\ND+ NAME .<444.> ,ANTI-,FASCISM IS ! NEW SLOGAN BY :I* ! WORK+ CLASS IS BE+ BETRAY$40 

,H[EV]1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT LESSON ( ! REVOLUTION IS ?AT LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM WORK$ - BUT ?IS IS USUALLY D[NPLAY$ OR IGNOR$ BY 0OBJECTIVE0 HI/ORIANS4 ,AS ,NOAM ,*OMSKY >GUES1 0!RE IS MORE ?AN 5\< EVID5CE TO %[ ?AT A DEEP BIAS AGA9/ SOCIAL REVOLUTION & A COMMITM5T TO ! VALUES & SOCIAL ORD] ( LIB]AL B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY HAS L$ ! AU?OR TO MISREPRES5T CRUCIAL EV5TS & TO OV]LOOK MAJOR HI/ORICAL CURR5TS40 ,! REVOLUTION %[S ?AT PRODUCTS & S]VICES CAN BE PROVID$ TO WORK]S1 BY WORK]S )\T BOSSES & BUREAUCRATS4 ,IT %[S ?AT !RE IS A VIABLE ALT]NATIVE TO BO? PRIVATIZATION & NATIONALIZATION 9 ! =M ( SOCIALIZATION & ASSOCIATIONISM4 

,?IS IS :Y ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION %\LD BE REMEMB]$ TODAY4 ,AS ,ORWELL PUT IT1 IT WAS 0A =ETA/E ( ,SOCIALISM .<444.> ! PREVAIL+ M5TAL ATMOSPH]E WAS ?AT ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,MANY ( ! NORMAL MOTIVES ( CIVILIZ$ LIFE - SNOBBI%NESS1 MONEY-GRUBB+1 FE> ( ! BOSS1 ETC4 - HAD SIMPLY CEAS$ TO EXI/ .<444.> NO ONE [N$ ANYONE ELSE AS HIS MA/] .<444.> ,ONE HAD BREA!D ! AIR ( EQUALITY04 ,IT %[S ?AT A G5U9E SOCIALI/ ALT]NATIVE EXI/S & WORKS4 ,AS ,DURRUTI MEMORABLY PUT IT AT ! ,>AGON ,FRONT3 

0,WE HAVE ALWAYS LIV$ 9 SLUMS & HOLES 9 ! WALL4 ,WE WILL KN[ H[ TO ACCOMMODATE \RSELVES = A TIME4 ,=1 Y\ MU/ NOT =GET1 WE CAN ALSO BUILD4 ,IT IS WE ! WORK]S :O BUILT !SE PALACES & CITIES H]E 9 ,SPA9 & 9 ,AM]ICA & EV]Y:]E4 ,WE1 ! WORK]S1 CAN BUILD O!RS TO TAKE !IR PLACE4 ,& BETT] ONES6 ,WE >E NOT 9 ! LEA/ AFRAID ( RU9S4 ,WE >E GO+ TO 9H]IT ! E>?2 !RE IS NOT ! SLI<TE/ D\BT AB\T ?AT4 ,! B\RGEOISIE MI<T BLA/ & RU9 ITS [N WORLD BE=E IT LEAVES ! /AGE ( HI/ORY4 ,WE C>RY A NEW WORLD H]E1 9 \R HE>TS4 ,?AT WORLD IS GR[+ ?IS M9UTE40 

,!SE WORDS1 LIKE ! REVOLUTION ?AT 9SPIR$ !M1 %\LD 9SPIRE ALL SEEK]S ( LIB]TY TODAY4 

,CONCLUSIONS 

,! EXP]I5CE ( ,SPA9 9 ! #a#i#cS %[S ?AT IT IS NOT 5\< TO JU/ OPPOSE FASCISM =1 AFT] ALL1 DEF5D+ ! /ATUS QUO IS H>DLY 9SPIR+4 ,?IS HELPS EXPLA9 ! (T5 LIMIT$ APPEAL ( CAMPAIGNS TODAY AGA9/ ! F>-RI<T 9 :I* ! CRITIQUE ( ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS :I* ! RI<T BLAME ON SCAPEGOATS IS MUT$ 9 ! 9T]E/ ( WID5+ ! CAMPAIGN4 ,?IS PORTRAYS ! LEFT AS BE+ P>T ( ! PROBLEM RA!R ?AN ! SOLUTION BY L9K+ IT ) ?OSE :O B5EFIT FROM ! SY/EM4 ,AS ,*OMSKY NOT$ LONG AGO3 

0,:Y %\LD A LIB]AL 9TELLECTUAL BE SO P]SUAD$ ( ! VIRTUES ( A POLITICAL SY/EM ( F\R-YE> DICTATOR%IP8 ,! ANSW] SEEMS ALL TOO PLA940 

,IT ALSO %[S ?AT REVOLUTIONS CANNOT BE HALF-MADE4 ,EV5 9 ! FACE ( IMMAN5T ?REAT ( ,FRANCO'S TROOPS1 ! SO-CALL$ ANTI-FASCI/ P>TIES SP5T TIME & RES\RCES CRU%+ ! REVOLUTION & ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 ,IT IS H>D TO NOT DRAW ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! ,REPUBLICANS SEEM$ TO PREF] FASCISM TO AN>*ISM4 ,AS SU*1 ATTEMPTS TO LIMIT ! REVOLUTION WAS A FATAL ]ROR BY ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]%IP4 

,H[EV]1 WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT ,AN>*I/S FAIL$1 NOT ,AN>*ISM4 ,UNLIKE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I* FAIL$ BECAUSE ,M>XI/ !ORY WAS APPLI$1 9 ,SPA9 ! REVOLUTION FAIL$ BECAUSE !ORY NOT APPLI$4 ,YET = ALL ! ]RORS & LIMITATIONS1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( #aicf WAS ,AN>*Y 9 ,ACTION & REMA9S AN 9SPIRATION = TODAY - AL?\<1 ( C\RSE1 ONE TO BE LE>N$ FROM RA!R ?AN IDOLIZ$4 

,FUR!R ,READ+444 

,= ?IS 9T]E/$ 9 F9D+ \T MORE AB\T ! ,REVOLUTION & ! ,C,N,T1 ,I CAN SUGGE/ ! FOLL[+ BOOKS3 

,ABEL ,PAZ3 ,DURRUTI 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 

,V]NON ,RI*>DS3 ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 

,JOSE ,PEIRATS3 ,! ,C,N,T 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 

,NOAM ,*OMSKY3 ,OBJECTIVITY & ,LIB]AL ,S*OL>%IP 

,M>?A ,A4 ,ACKELSB]G3 ,FREE ,WOM5 ( ,SPA9 

,GEORGE ,ORWELL3 ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA 

,DANIEL ,GU]93 ,NO ,GODS1 ,NO ,MA/]S 

,F9ALLY1 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q 7WWW4AN>*I/FAQ4ORG7 HAS MORE 9=MATION AB\T BO? ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! LIB]T>IAN IDEAS :I* 9SPIR$ IT4 

,APP5DICES444 

,!RE W]E TWO ADDITIONAL SECTIONS :I* W]E ORIG9ALLY 9CLUD$ 9 ! MA9 PRES5TATION BUT EXCLUD$ = TIME CONSID]ATIONS4 ,H[EV]1 !Y W]E HELD 9 RES]VE 9 CASE !RE W]E ANY ,TROTSKYI/S 9 ! AUDI5CE & US$ TO REFUTE ! PO9TS !Y W]E SURE TO MAKE4 ,ON ! DAY1 !Y W]E NOT NE$$ AS NO ONE RAIS$ ! PO9TS !SE ADDRESS$ BUT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( COMPLET5ESS ,I DECID$ TO 9CLUDE !M N[4 

,A FEW 7( MANY7 ,MY?S444 

,LIKE AN>*ISM ITSELF1 ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T IS SUBJECT TO A GREAT MANY MY?S4 ,I CANNOT COV] !M ALL H]E BUT ,I WILL ADDRESS ?REE ( ! MO/ GRAT+ ONES4 

,! FIR/ IS ! NOTION ?AT ! ,C,N,T OPPOS$ DEF5D+ A ,REVOLUTION BE=E ,JULY #a#i#c#f4 ,?IS WAS EXPRESS$ BY HI/ORIAN ,HU< ,?OMAS :O CLAIM$ ?AT AT ! ,C,N,T'S ,MAY #aicf ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS !RE WAS 0NO AGREEM5T1 9 CONSEQU5CE1 ON ! >M+ ( MILITIAS04 ,9 REALITY1 ! ,C,N,T PASS$ A RESOLUTION ON LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S :I* HAD A :OLE SECTION ON ! DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION :I* /AT$1 9 P>T1 ?AT ! 0NECESS>Y MEASURES = DEF5D+ ! NEW REGIME WILL BE ADOPT$0 :I* 9CLUDE 0ORGANIZ$1 >M$ =CES0 = 0.<T.>HE ,PEOPLE ,>M$ WILL BE ! BE/ GU>ANTEE AGA9/ ALL 9T5TIONS ( RE/OR+ ! DE/ROY$ REGIME BY =CES FROM )9 OR )\T04 

,LIKEWISE1 MANY ,M>XI/S SUGGE/ ?AT ! COLLECTIVIZATION :I* OCCURR$ AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ,FRANCO'S C\P REFLECT$ AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY4 ,YET SU* COLLECTIVIZATION WAS NEV] ,C,N,T POLICY = IT HAD AIM$ EXPLICITLY = LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM S9CE #a#i#a#i4 ,RA!R1 IT WAS A SPONTANE\S PRODUCT ( ! SITUATION = 0.<F.>9D+ ! FACTORIES DES]T$1 & NO 9/RUCTIONS FROM !IR UNIONS1 .<! WORK]S.> RESOLV$ TO OP]ATE ! MA*9ES !MSELVES0 AS EYEWITNESS ,ABEL ,PAZ REC\NT$4 ,:ILE SU* EXPROPRIATION & WORK]S' CONTROL W]E A KEY ASPECT ( AN>*I/ !ORY1 BO? W]E ALWAYS CONSID]$ AS JU/ A FIR/ /EP T[>DS SOCIALIZATION4 ,?IS PROCESS WAS H9D]$ BY ! ,C,N,T'S DECISION TO COOP]ATE ) ! ,/ATE AS1 ! ,C,N,T MILITANT ,GA/ON ,LEVEL LAT] NOT$1 ! GOV]NM5T'S ,COLLECTIVIZATION ,DECREE 0HAD ! BANEFUL EFFECT ( PREV5T+ ! WORK]S' SYNDICATES FROM EXT5D+ !IR GA9S4 ,IT SET BACK ! REVOLUTION 9 9DU/RY04 

,F9ALLY1 !RE IS ! NOTION POPUL> ) ,M>XI/S ?AT ! ,C,N,T - LIKE AN>*ISM 9 G5]AL - FAILS TO SEE ! NE$ = AN ALT]NATIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION LIKE !IR SO-CALL$ 0WORK]S' ,/ATE40 ,?IS IS FALSE1 AS CAN BE SE5 FROM ! WORKS ( AN>*I/ ?9K]S LIKE ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK9 AS WELL AS ! ,C,N,T'S RESOLUTION ON LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM :I* /RESS$ ?AT 0IT ALL BEG9S 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL1 PASSES TO ! ,COMMUNE1 FROM ! ,COMMUNE IT MOVES TO ! ,F$]ATION1 & F9ALLY1 TO ! ,CONF$]ATION40 ,! PROBLEM 9 #aicf WAS ?AT ! ,C,N,T DECID$ NOT TO BUILD SU* A F$]ATION4 

,TROTSKYI/S1 !N & N[ 

,GIV5 ! FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTION1 ,TROTSKYI/S >GUE ?AT ?IS %[S ! FAILURE ( AN>*ISM ITSELF1 ?AT ! IDEAS ( ,AN>*I/S >E ! ISSUE = ANY REVOLUTION NE$ A 0WORK]S' ,/ATE0 TO SUCCE$4 

,?IS POSITION IS FLAW$ = MANY REASONS1 NOT LEA/ BECAUSE IT IGNORES ! 0OBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCES0 FAC+ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 7SOME?+ !Y ALWAYS /RESS :5 IT COMES TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS74 ,IT ALSO IGNORES ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON :I* WAS CREAT$ BY ! SAME IDEAS 7& EV5 ! SAME PEOPLE7 BUT :I* HAD A DIFF]5T \TCOME4 ,F9ALLY1 IT IGNORES ! REALITY & FATE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME :I* QUICKLY BECAME ! DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT POLITICALLY & AN 9EFFICI5T BUREAUCRATIC /ATE-CAPITALISM ECONOMICALLY4 

,IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT ALL ?IS TALK ( ! NE$ = A 0DEMOCRATIC WORK]S' ,/ATE0 WAS NOT UTT]$ 9 ! #a#i#cS4 ,RA!R1 ,TROTSKY >GU$ AT ! TIME = P>TY P[] RA!R ?AN WORK]S' P[] = A 0REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 EV5 HAV+ SEIZ$ P[] 7( :I* ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S W]E 9CAPABLE 9 SPITE ( ! H]OISM ( ! AN>*I/ WORK]S71 IS /ILL BY NO MEANS ! SOV]EIGN RUL] ( SOCIETY04 ,NOT LE>N+ ANY?+ FROM ! FAILURE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 HE /RESS$ ?AT ! 0REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IP ( A PROLET>IAN P>TY .<444.> IS AN OBJECTIVE NECESSITY .<444.> ,! DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY .<444.> ,BECAUSE ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T R5\NC$ DICTATOR%IP = !MSELVES !Y LEFT ! PLACE OP5 = ! ,/AL9I/ DICTATOR%IP04 

,UNSURPRIS+LY1 ,TROTSKY'S IDEAS W]E UNAPPEAL+ = :ILE ! ,C,N,T1 ,F,A,I & ! NON-,TROTSKYI/ ,P,\,M ALL 9CREAS$ MASSIVELY 9 MEMB]%IP AFT] ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 ,TROTSKYI/ NUMB]S 9 ,SPA9 /AY$ AT >\ND TW5TY - BUT !Y SUCCE$$ 9 PRODUC+ A #a.0 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( ,TROTSKYI/ GR\PS1 FROM ONE TO TWO BY SPLITT+4 

,9 %ORT1 ! ,C,N,T RI<TLY REJECT$ ! ,TROTSKYI/ POSITION & REFUS$ TO RECREATE ! ]RORS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION4 ,SADLY1 IT ALSO REJECT$ ! AN>*I/ POSITION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/