,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION3 #g ,YE>S ,ON 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

0,! ATMOSPH]E !N1 ! FEEL+S W]E V]Y SPECIAL4 ,IT WAS BEAUTIFUL4 ,A FEEL+ ( -- H[ %ALL ,I SAY IT -- ( P[]1 NOT 9 ! S5SE ( DOM9ATION1 BUT 9 ! S5SE ( ?+S BE+ UND] \R CONTROL1 ( UND] ANYONE'S4 ,( POSSIBILITY4 ,WE HAD EV]Y?+4 ,WE HAD ,B>CELONA3 ,IT WAS \RS4 ,Y\'D WALK \T 9 ! /REETS1 & !Y W]E \RS -- H]E1 ,C,N,T2 !RE1 COMITE ?IS OR ?AT4 ,IT WAS TOTALLY DIFF]5T4 ,FULL ( POSSIBILITY4 ,A FEEL+ ?AT WE C\LD1 TOGE!R1 REALLY DO SOME?+4 ,?AT WE C\LD MAKE ?+S DIFF]5T40 ,AN>*I/ MILITANT ,5RIQUETA ,ROVIRA .<#a.> 

,! #a#i? ( ,JULY1 #b#f1 M>K$ ! #g? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! />T ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,ON ?IS DAY 9 #a#i#c#f1 ! PEOPLE ( ,SPA9 TOOK TO ! /REETS TO FI<T A FASCI/ C\P />T$ BY REACTION>Y ,G5]ALS TWO DAYS PREVI\SLY4 ,ACROSS TWO-?IRDS ( ! C\NTRY1 !Y W]E SUCCESSFUL4 ,AFT] DEFEAT+ ! C\P1 !Y TOOK ! NEXT /EP & />T$ ! MO/ PR(\ND & F> REA*+ SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS ! WORLD HAD EV] SE53 

0,9 ,SPA91 DUR+ ALMO/ ?REE YE>S1 DESPITE A CIVIL W> ?AT TOOK A MILLION LIVES1 DESPITE ! OPPOSITION ( ! POLITICAL P>TIES 444 ?IS IDEA ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM WAS PUT 9TO EFFECT4 ,V]Y QUICKLY MORE ?AN #f.0 ( ! L& WAS V]Y QUICKLY COLLECTIVELY CULTIVAT$ BY ! PEASANTS !MSELVES1 )\T L&LORDS1 )\T BOSSES1 & )\T 9/ITUT+ CAPITALI/ COMPETITION TO SPUR PRODUCTION4 ,9 ALMO/ ALL ! 9DU/RIES1 FACTORIES1 MILLS1 WORK%OPS1 TRANSPORTATION S]VICES1 PUBLIC S]VICES1 & UTILITIES1 ! RANK & FILE WORK]S1 !IR REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES1 & !IR SYNDICATES REORGANIZ$ & ADM9I/]$ PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 & PUBLIC S]VICES )\T CAPITALI/S1 HI<-SAL>I$ MANAG]S1 OR ! AU?ORITY ( ! /ATE4 

0,EV5 MORE3 ! V>I\S AGR>IAN & 9DU/RIAL COLLECTIVES IMM$IATELY 9/ITUT$ ECONOMIC EQUALITY 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLE ( COMMUNISM1 ',FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY & TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S4' ,!Y CO-ORD9AT$ !IR EF=TS ?R\< FREE ASSOCIATION 9 :OLE REGIONS1 CREAT$ NEW WEAL?1 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION 7ESPECIALLY 9 AGRICULTURE71 BUILT MORE S*OOLS1 & BETT]$ PUBLIC S]VICES4 ,!Y 9/ITUT$ NOT B\RGEOIS =MAL DEMOCRACY BUT G5U9E GRASS ROOTS FUNCTIONAL LIB]T>IAN DEMOCRACY1 :]E EA* 9DIVIDUAL P>TICIPAT$ DIRECTLY 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y REORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,!Y REPLAC$ ! W> BETWE5 M51 'SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/1' BY ! UNIV]SAL PRACTICE ( MUTUAL AID1 & REPLAC$ RIVALRY BY ! PR9CIPLE ( SOLID>ITY 444 

0,?IS EXP]I5CE1 9 :I* AB\T EI<T MILLION PEOPLE DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY P>TICIPAT$1 OP5$ A NEW WAY ( LIFE TO ?OSE :O S\<T AN ALT]NATIVE TO ANTI-SOCIAL CAPITALISM ON ! ONE H&1 & TOTALIT>IAN /ATE BOGUS SOCIALISM ON ! O!R40.<#b.> 

,ALL ACROSS NON-FASCI/ ,SPA9 TRADITIONAL SOCIAL RELATION%IPS BETWE5 M5 & WOM51 ADULTS & *ILDR51 9DIVIDUAL & 9DIVIDUAL W]E TRANS=M$1 REVOLUTIONIZ$1 9 A LIB]T>IAN WAY4 ,C4,N4,T4 MILITANT ,ABEL ,PAZ GIVES A GOOD 9DICATION ( ?IS3 

0,9DU/RY IS 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK]S & ALL ! PRODUCTION C5T]S CONSPICU\SLY FLY ! R$ & BLACK FLAGS AS WELL AS 9SCRIPTIONS ANN\NC+ ?AT !Y HAVE REALLY BECOME COLLECTIVES4 ,! REVOLUTION SEEMS TO BE UNIV]SAL4 ,*ANGES >E ALSO EVID5T 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,! =M] B>RI]S :I* US$ TO SEP>ATE M5 & WOMAN >BITR>ILY HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$4 ,9 ! CAFES & O!R PUBLIC PLACES !RE IS A M+L+ ( ! SEXES :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY UNIMAG9ABLE BE=E4 ,! REVOLUTION HAS 9TRODUC$ A FRAT]NAL *>ACT] TO SOCIAL RELATIONS :I* HAS DEEP5$ ) PRACTICE & %[ CLE>LY ?AT ! OLD WORLD IS DEAD40 .<#c.> 

,! SOCIAL TRANS=MATION EMP[]$ 9DIVIDUALS & !SE1 9 TURN1 TRANS=M$ SOCIETY4 

,! ,COLLECTIVES 

,ACROSS ,SPA91 WORK]S & PEASANTS =M$ COLLECTIVES & COMMUNES4 ,9DU/RIAL COLLECTIVES W]E ORGANIZ$1 BAS$ ON 0G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( WORK]S DECID$ POLICY1 :ILE ELECT$ COMMITTEES MANAG$ AFFAIRS ON A DAY-TO-DAY BASIS40 .<#d.> ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y WRITES3 

0,! COLLECTIVES ORGANIZ$ DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> W]E WORK]S' ECONOMIC ASSOCIATIONS )\T PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,! FACT ?AT COLLECTIVE PLANTS W]E MANAG$ BY ?OSE :O WORK$ 9 !M DID NOT MEAN ?AT !SE E/ABLI%M5TS BECAME !IR PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,! COLLECTIVE HAD NO RI<T TO SELL OR R5T ALL OR ANY P>T ( ! COLLECTIVIZ$ FACTORY OR WORK%OP1 ,! RI<TFUL CU/ODIAN WAS ! ,C4,N4,T41 ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATIONS4 ,BUT NOT EV5 ! ,C4,N4,T4 HAD ! RI<T TO DO AS IT PLEAS$4 ,EV]Y?+ HAD TO BE DECID$ & RATIFI$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES ?R\< CONF]5CES & CONGRESSES40 .<#e.> 

,?US ! 9DIVIDUAL COLLECTIVE WAS BAS$ ON A MASS ASSEMBLY ( ?OSE :O WORK$ !RE :I* NOM9AT$ ADM9I/RATIVE /AFF :O W]E M&AT$ TO IMPLEM5T ! DECISIONS ( ! ASSEMBLY & :O HAD TO REPORT BACK TO1 & W]E ACC\NTABLE TO1 ?AT ASSEMBLY4 

,A SIMIL> PROCESS OCCURR$ 9 AGRICULTURE4 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS DESCRIBES COLLECTIVIZATION AMONG ! PEASANTRY AS FOLL[S3 

0,! EXPROPRIAT$ L&S W]E TURN$ OV] TO ! PEASANT SYNDICATES1 & IT WAS !SE SYNDICATES ?AT ORGANIZ$ ! FIR/ COLLECTIVES4 ,G5]ALLY ! HOLD+S ( SMALL PROP]TY [N]S W]E RESPECT$1 ALWAYS ON ! CONDITION ?AT ONLY !Y OR !IR FAMILIES W\LD WORK ! L&1 )\T EMPLOY+ WAGE LABOR4 ,9 >EAS LIKE ,CATALONIA1 :]E ! TRADITION ( PETTY PEASANT [N]%IP PREVAIL$1 ! L& HOLD+S W]E SCATT]$4 ,!RE W]E NO GREAT E/ATES4 ,MANY ( !SE PEASANTS1 TOGE!R ) ! ,C4,N4,T41 ORGANIZ$ COLLECTIVES1 POOL+ !IR L&1 ANIMALS1 TOOLS1 *ICK5S1 GRA91 F]TILIZ]1 & EV5 !IR H>VE/$ CROPS440 .<#f.> 

,PEIRATS ALSO NOTES ?AT 9 CONDUCT+ !IR 9T]NAL AFFAIRS1 ALL ! COLLECTIVES SCRUPUL\SLY & ZEAL\SLY OBS]V$ DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES4 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL SUMM>IZES3 

0,REGUL> G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+S W]E CONVOK$ WEEKLY1 BI-WEEKLY1 OR MON?LY444 & !SE MEET+S W]E COMPLETELY FREE ( ! T5SIONS & RECRIM9ATIONS :I* 9EVITABLY EM]GE :5 ! P[] ( DECISIONS IS VE/$ 9 A FEW 9DIVIDUALS -- EV5 IF DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$4 ,! ,ASSEMBLIES W]E OP5 = EV]YONE TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! PROCE$+S4 ,DEMOCRACY EMBRAC$ ALL SOCIAL LIFE4 ,9 MO/ CASES1 EV5 ! '9DIVIDUALI/S' :O W]E NOT MEMB]S ( ! COLLECTIVE C\LD P>TICIPATE 9 ! DISCUSSIONS1 & !Y W]E LI/5$ TO BY ! COLLECTIVI/S40 .<#g.> 

,REGIONAL F$]ATIONS ( COLLECTIVES W]E =M$ 9 MANY >EAS ( ,SPA94 ,! F$]ATIONS W]E CREAT$ AT CONGRESSES TO :I* ! COLLECTIVES 9 AN >EA S5T DELEGATES4 ,!SE CONGRESSES AGRE$ A S]IES ( G5]AL RULES AB\T H[ ! F$]ATION W\LD OP]ATE & :AT COMMITM5TS ! AFFILIAT$ COLLECTIVES W\LD HAVE TO EA* O!R4 ,! CONGRESS ELECT$ AN ADM9I/RATION C\NCIL1 :I* TOOK RESPONSIBILITY = IMPLEM5T+ AGRE$ POLICY4 ,M>?A ,A4 ,ACKELSB]G SUMS UP ! EXP]I5CE WELL3 

0,! A*IEVEM5TS ( !SE COLLECTIVES W]E EXT5SIVE4 ,9 MANY >EAS !Y MA9TA9$1 IF NOT 9CREAS$1 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION .<NOT =GETT+ ?AT MANY Y\NG M5 W]E AT ! FRONT L9E.>1 (T5 9TRODUC+ NEW PATT]NS ( CULTIVATION & F]TILIZATION444 COLLECTIVI/S BUILT *ICK5 C\PS1 B>NS1 & O!R FACILITIES = ! C>E & FE$+ ( ! COMMUNITY'S ANIMALS4 ,F$]ATIONS ( COLLECTIVES CO-ORD9AT$ ! CON/RUCTION ( ROADS1 S*OOLS1 BRIDGES1 CANALS & DAMS4 ,SOME ( !SE REMA9 TO ?IS DAY AS LA/+ CONTRIBUTIONS ( ! COLLECTIVES TO ! 9FRA/RUCTURE ( RURAL ,SPA940 .<#h.> 

,%E ALSO PO9TS TO 9T]-COLLECTIVE SOLID>ITY1 NOT+ ?AT ! 0COLLECTIVI/S ALSO >RANG$ = ! TRANSF] ( SURPLUS PRODUCE FROM WEAL?I] COLLECTIVES TO ?OSE EXP]I5C+ %ORTAGES40 

,FROM A PURELY ECONOMIC VIEWPO9T1 PRODUCTION 9CREAS$ BUT1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ?IS IMPROVEM5T 9 ! QUALITY ( LIFE 9CLUD$ AN 9CREASE 9 FRE$OM AS WELL AS 9 CONSUMPTION4 ,TO QUOTE ! MEMB] ( ! ,BECEITE COLLECTIVE 9 ,>AGON 0IT WAS M>VEL\S 444 TO LIVE 9 A COLLECTIVE1 A FREE SOCIETY :]E ONE C\LD SAY :AT ONE ?\<T1 :]E IF ! VILLAGE COMMITTEE SEEM$ UNSATISFACTORY ONE C\LD SAY4 ,! COMMITTEE TOOK NO BIG DECISIONS )\T CALL+ ! :OLE VILLAGE TOGE!R 9 A G5]AL ASSEMBLY4 ,ALL ?IS WAS WOND]FUL40.<#i.> 

,! REVOLUTION COMPLETE8 

,! COLLECTIVIZATIONS ALL[$ ! POT5TIAL CREATIVE 5]GY ?AT EXI/$ AMONG ! WORK]S & PEASANTS TO BE UNLEA%$1 AN 5]GY ?AT HAD BE5 WA/$ UND] PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,! POPUL> ASSEMBLIES ALL[$ SOCIAL PROBLEMS & IMPROVEM5TS TO BE ID5TIFI$ & SOLV$ DIRECTLY1 DRAW+ UPON ! IDEAS & EXP]I5CES ( EV]YONE & 5RI*$ BY DISCUSSION & DEBATE4 ,SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 COLLECTIVES COMB9$ ) COOP]ATION 9 F$]ATIONS ALL[$ AN IMPROVEM5T 9 QUALITY ( RURAL LIFE4 

,UNSURPRIS+LY1 AN>*I/S >E V]Y PR\D ( !SE A*IEVEM5TS4 ,H[EV]1 ! =MATION ( !SE WORK]-MANAG$ 5T]PRISES HAS SOMETIMES L$ PEOPLE TO MISCONCEPTIONS AB\T AN>*ISM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE GR\P ( LIB]T>IAN ,M>XI/S 0A POPUL> IDEA AMONG ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTS WAS ?AT EA* FACTORY1 >EA ( L&1 ETC41 %\LD BE [N$ COLLECTIVELY BY ITS WORK]S1 & ?AT !SE 'COLLECTIVES' %\LD BE L9K$ ) EA* O!R ON A 'F$]AL' BASIS 444 ,?IS BASIC IDEA HAD BE5 PROPAGAT$ BY AN>*I/S 9 ,SPA9 = MORE ?AN #e YE>S0 & 9 #aicf PEOPLE 0SEIZ$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO TURN AN>*I/ IDEAL 9TO REALITY40 .<#a.> ,SOME EV5 DISMISS ! :OLE EXP]I5CE AS LITTLE MORE ?AN 0SELF-MANAG$ CAPITALISM40 

,! TRU? ( ! MATT] IS SOME:AT DIFF]5T AS ,C,N,T POLICY & SOCIAL AN>*I/ !ORY WAS NOT 9 FAVOR ( WORK]S [N+ !IR 9DIVIDUAL WORKPLACES4 ,9/EAD BO? >GU$ = SOCIALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( LIFE BY A SY/EM ( F$]ATIONS ( WORKPLACES4 ,! IDEA ( CONV]T+ ! WORK]-MANAG$ WORKPLACES 9TO CO-OP]ATIVES1 OP]AT+ 9 A M>KET ECONOMY1 HAD NEV] BE5 ADVOCAT$ BY ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 BUT WAS N[ SE5 BY SOME AS A TEMPOR>Y /OP-GAP ?AT W\LD SOLVE ! IMM$IATE QUE/ION ( :AT TO DO ) ! WORKPLACES ?AT HAD BE5 SEIZ$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,AS ONE ,C,N,T MILITANT RECALL$3 

0,UP TO ?AT MOM5T1 ,I HAD NEV] HE>D ( COLLECTIVIZATION AS A SOLUTION = 9DU/RY -- ! DEP>TM5T /ORES W]E BE+ RUN BY ! UNION4 ,:AT ! NEW SY/EM MEANT WAS ?AT EA* COLLECTIVIZ$ FIRM W\LD RETA9 ITS 9DIVIDUAL *>ACT]1 BUT ) ! ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE ( F$]AT+ ALL 5T]PRISES )9 ! SAME 9DU/RY40 .<#a#a.> 

,! IDEA ( COLLECTIVES HAD NOT BE5 ADVOCAT$ BY MO/ AN>*I/S4 ,RA!R1 SELF-MANAG$ WORKPLACES W]E SE5 AS ONE /EP 9 A PROCESS ( SOCIALIZATION1 ! BASIC BUILD+ BLOCK ( A F$]AL /RUCTURE ( WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,!Y W]E NOT SE5 AS AN 5D 9 !MSELVES NO MATT] H[ IMPORTANT !Y W]E AS ! BASE ( A SOCIALIZ$ ECONOMY4 

,! COLLECTIVES1 !N1 W]E A PRODUCT ( ! OBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCES ! ,C,N,T F\ND ITSELF 9 RA!R ?AN AN>*I/ !ORY4 ,?IS WAS RECOGNIZ$ BY AN>*I/S BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,D4 ,A4 DE ,SANTILLAN1 = EXAMPLE1 HAD >GU$ = 0FREE EXP]IM5TATION1 FREE %[ ( 9ITIATIVE & SUGGE/IONS1 AS WELL AS ! FRE$OM ( ORGANIZATION10 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT 0.<I.>N EA* LOCALITY ! DEGREE ( .<LIB]T>IAN.> COMMUNISM1 COLLECTIVISM OR MUTUALISM WILL DEP5D ON CONDITIONS PREVAIL+4 ,:Y DICTATE RULES8 ,WE :O MAKE FRE$OM \R BANN]1 CANNOT D5Y IT 9 ECONOMY40 .<#a#b.> ,9 ?IS HE E*O$ ,KROPOTK9 & ,BAKUN94 ,= ! =M]1 IT WAS 0A :OLE 9SURRECTION>Y P]IOD ( ?REE1 F\R1 P]HAPS FIVE YE>S ?AT WE MU/ TRAV]SE TO ACCOMPLI% \R REVOLUTION 9 ! PROP]TY SY/EM & 9 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION40 .<#a#c.> ,= ! LATT]1 ! DIV]G5CE ( AN ACTUAL REVOLUTION FROM ! PRECISE !ORY ( AN>*ISM EXPRESSES ! NATURE ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION3 

0,I DO NOT SAY ?AT ! PEASANTS .<& WORK]S.>1 FREELY ORGANIZ$ FROM ! BOTTOM UP1 WILL MIRACUL\SLY CREATE AN IDEAL ORGANIZATION1 CONFIRM+ 9 ALL RESPECTS TO \R DREAMS4 ,BUT ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT :AT !Y CON/RUCT WILL BE LIV+ & VIBRANT1 A ?\S&S TIMES BETT] & MORE JU/ ?AN ANY EXI/+ ORGANIZATION4 ,MOREOV]1 ?IS 444 ORGANIZATION1 BE+ ON ! ONE H& OP5 TO REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A 444 1 & ON ! O!R1 NOT PETRIFI$ BY ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,/ATE 444 WILL DEVELOP & P]FECT ITSELF ?R\< FREE EXP]IM5TATION AS FULLY AS ONE CAN REASONABLY EXPECT 9 \R TIMES 444 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( EA* COMMUNE WILL TAKE ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE ! ACTUAL CONDITION ( ITS CIVILIZATION 4440 .<#a#d.> 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ! AN>*I/S RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ITS 5D GOAL LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM W\LD NOT BE CREAT$ OV]NI<T & DIFF]5T >EAS WILL DEVELOP AT DIFF]5T SPE$S & 9 DIFF]5T DIRECTIONS DEP5D+ ON ! MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES !Y FAC$ & :AT !IR POPULATION DESIR$4 ,SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS A DYNAMIC PROCESS & ?+S R>ELY DEVELOP EXACTLY AS PR$ICT$ OR HOP$ 9 PRE-REVOLUTION>Y TIMES4 ,! 0COLLECTIVES0 9 ,SPA9 >E AN EXAMPLE ( ?IS4 ,TO D5\NCE SU* DEVELOPM5TS 9 FAVOR ( IDEAL SOLUTIONS MEANS TO MISUND]/& ! DYNAMIC ( A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 

,FROM ,COLLECTIVIZATION TO ,SOCIALIZATION 

,9ITIALLY1 !RE W]E V]Y FEW ATTEMPTS TO CO-ORD9ATE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES BEYOND ! WORKPLACE4 ,?IS IS H>DLY SURPRIS+1 GIV5 ?AT ! OV]:ELM+ NE$ WAS TO RE/>T PRODUCTION1 CONV]T A CIVILIAN ECONOMY TO A W>TIME ONE & TO 5SURE ?AT ! CIVILIAN POPULATION & MILITIAS W]E SUPPLI$ ) NECESS>Y GOODS4 

,MANY AN>*I/S W]E AW>E ( ! %ORT-COM+S ( :AT ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 9 HIS JU/LY FAM\S /UDY ( ! COLLECTIVES1 LAT] DESCRIB$ IT AS 0NOT 444 TRUE SOCIALIZATION1 BUT 444 A SELF-MANAGEM5T /RADDL+ CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM1 :I* WE MA9TA9 W\LD NOT HAVE OCCURR$ HAD ! ,REVOLUTION BE5 ABLE TO EXT5D ITSELF FULLY UND] ! DIRECTION ( \R SYNDICATES40 .<#a#e.> ,LEVAL 9 FACT T]MS IT 0A =M ( WORK]S NEO-CAPITALISM0 BUT SU* A DESCRIPTION IS 9ACCURATE 7& UN=TUNATE7 SIMPLY BECAUSE WAGE LABOR HAD BE5 ABOLI%$ & SO IT WAS NOT A =M ( CAPITALISM -- RA!R IT WAS A =M ( MUTUALISM 7I4E4 :ILE WAGE LABOR1 CAPITALISM1 WAS ABOLI%$ ! WAGES SY/EM -- PAYM5T = WORK DONE -- REMA9$74 

,?IS DILEMMA ( SELF-MANAG$ 9DIVIDUAL WORKPLACES & LACK ( F$]ATIONS TO CO-ORD9ATE !M WAS DEBAT$ )9 ! ,C,N,T & A NUMB] ( UNIONS W5T BEYOND 0COLLECTIVIZATION0 & TOOK OV] ALL ! FACILITIES 9 !IR 9DU/RIES1 ELIM9AT+ COMPETITION BETWE5 SEP>ATE FIRMS4 ,?IS WAS CONSID]$ TO BE A /EP 9 ! DIRECTION ( EV5TUAL SOCIALIZATION4 

,! ACTUAL PROCESS 9 ,SPA9 T[>DS SOCIALIZATION WAS DEP5D5T ON ! WI%ES ( ! WORK]S 9VOLV$ -- AS W\LD BE EXPECT$ 9 A TRUE SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! DEP>TM5T /ORES W]E COLLECTIVIZ$ & AN ATTEMPT TO F$]ATE ! /ORES FAIL$ TO W9 SUPPORT 9 ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( ! COLLECTIVES4 ,JOAN ,F]R]1 ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T COMM]CIAL UNION1 CONSID]$ IT NATURAL AS 0.<O.>NLY A FEW MON?S BE=E1 ! TRADITIONAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 EMPLOY] & WORK] HAD BE5 OV]?R[N4 ,N[ ! WORK]S W]E BE+ ASK$ TO MAKE A NEW LEAP -- TO ! CONCEPT ( COLLECTIVE [N]%IP4 ,IT WAS ASK+ A LOT TO EXPECT ! LATT] TO HAPP5 OV]NI<T40 .<#a#f.> ,ELSE:]E1 ! DEBATE W5T ! O!R WAY4 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL GIVES ! EXAMPLE ( ,HOSPITALET DEL ,LLOBREGAT3 

0,LOCAL 9DU/RIES W5T ?R\< /AGES ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY ADOPT$ 9 ?AT REVOLUTION 444 .<,I.>N ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 COMITES NOM9AT$ BY ! WORK]S EMPLOY$ 9 !M .<W]E ORGANIZ$.>4 ,PRODUCTION & SALES CONT9U$ 9 EA* ONE4 ,BUT V]Y SOON IT WAS CLE> ?AT ?IS SITUATION GAVE RISE TO COMPETITION BETWE5 ! FACTORIES444 CREAT+ RIVALRIES :I* W]E 9COMPATIBLE ) ! SOCIALI/ & LIB]T>IAN \TLOOK4 ,SO ! ,C,N,T LAUN*$ ! WAT*WORD3 ',ALL 9DU/RIES MU/ BE RAMIFI$ 9 ! ,SYNDICATES1 COMPLETELY SOCIALIZ$1 & ! REGIME ( SOLID>ITY :I* WE HAVE ALWAYS ADVOCAT$ BE E/ABLI%$ ONCE & = ALL4 

0,! IDEA WON SUPPORT IMM$IATELY0 .<#a#g.> 

,?IS PROCESS W5T ON 9 MANY DIFF]5T UNIONS & COLLECTIVES &1 UNSURPRIS+LY1 ! =MS ( CO-ORD9ATION AGRE$ TO LEAD TO DIFF]5T =MS ( ORGANIZATION 9 DIFF]5T >EAS & 9DU/RIES1 AS W\LD BE EXPECT$ 9 A FREE SOCIETY4 

,A FAILURE ( ,AN>*ISM OR ,AN>*I/S8 

,AS IS WELL KN[N1 ! ,C4,N4,T4 CO-OP]AT$ ) ! O!R ANTI-FASCI/ P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS ON ! ,REPUBLICAN SIDE 7ULTIMATELY JO9+ ! GOV]NM5T74 ,?IS COOP]ATION1 MORE ?AN ANY?+1 HELP$ 5SURE ! DEFEAT ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,H[ DID ?IS HAPP58 ,! KEY DECISION WAS MADE ON ,JULY ! #b#a/ TO NOT SPEAK ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM UNTIL AFT] ,FRANCO HAD BE5 DEFEAT$1 TO COLLABORATE ) O!R ANTI-FASCI/ P>TIES & UNIONS 9 A COMMON FRONT AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,?IS1 9ITIALLY1 9VOLV$ ! ,C4,N4,T AGREE+ TO JO9 A 0,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS0 PROPOS$ BY ! LEAD] ( ! ,CATALAN GOV]NM5T1 ,L\IS ,COMPANYS4 ,FROM ?IS IT WAS ONLY A MATT] ( TIME UNTIL ! ,C4,N4,T JO9$ AN (FICIAL GOV]NM5T AS NO O!R MEANS ( CO-ORD9AT+ ACTIVITIES EXI/$4 

,! QUE/ION MU/ >ISE1 :Y DID ! ,C4,N4,T COLLABORATE ) ! /ATE1 =SAK+ ITS PR9CIPLES &1 9 ITS [N WAY1 CONTRIBUTE TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION & ! LOOS+ ( ! W>8 ,DOES ! FAILURE ( ! ,C4,N4,T TO IMPLEM5T AN>*ISM AFT] ,JULY #a#i? MEAN ?AT AN>*I/ POLITICS >E FLAW$8 ,OR1 RA!R1 DOES ! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION 9DICATE A FAILURE ( AN>*I/S RA!R ?AN ( AN>*ISM1 A MI/AKE MADE UND] DIFFICULT OBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCES & ONE :I* AN>*I/S HAVE LE>N$ FROM8 

,! LATT] ANSW] IS ! CORRECT ONE4 ,RA!R ?AN BE+ ! FAULT ( AN>*I/ !ORY1 ITS ROOTS CAN BE DISCOV]$ 9 ! SITUATION FAC+ ! ,CATALAN AN>*I/S ON ,JULY #b?4 ,! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS FAC+ ! LEAD+ MILITANTS ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I 9FLU5C$ ! DECISIONS !Y TOOK1 DECISIONS :I* !Y LAT] JU/IFI$ BY MIS-US+ AN>*I/ !ORY4 

,:AT WAS ! SITUATION FAC+ ! ,CATALAN AN>*I/S ON ,JULY #b?8 ,ACCORD+ TO ! REPORT MADE BY ! ,C4,N4,T TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION3 

0,! ,C,N,T %[$ A CONSCI5TI\S SCRUPUL\SNESS 9 ! FACE ( A DIFFICULT ALT]NATIVE3 TO DE/ROY COMPLETELY ! ,/ATE 9 ,CATALONIA1 TO DECL>E W> AGA9/ ! ,REBELS1 ! GOV]NM5T1 =EIGN CAPITALISM1 & ?IS ASSUM+ COMPLETE CONTROL ( ,CATALAN SOCIETY2 OR COLLABORAT+ 9 ! RESPONSIBILITIES ( GOV]NM5T ) ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ FRACTIONS40 .<#a#h.> 

,JOSE ,PEIRATS NOTES ?AT3 

0,ACCORD+ TO ! REPORT1 ! ,C,N,T WAS 9 ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( ,CATALONIA 9 ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f1 BUT ITS /R5G? WAS LESS 9 ,LEVANTE & /ILL LESS 9 C5TRAL ,SPA9 :]E ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T & ! TRADITIONAL P>TIES W]E DOM9ANT4 ,9 ! NOR? ( ,SPA9 ! SITUATION WAS CONFUS$4 ,! ,C,N,T C\LD HAVE M\NT$ AN 9SURRECTION ON ITS [N ') PROBABLE SUCCESS' BUT SU* A TAKEOV] W\LD HAVE L$ TO A /RUGGLE ON ?REE FRONTS3 AGA9/ ! FASCI/S1 ! GOV]NM5T & =EIGN CAPITALISM4 ,9 VIEW ( ! DIFFICULTY ( SU* AN UND]TAK+1 COLLABORATION ) O!R ANTIFASCI/ GR\PS WAS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE40 .<#a#i.> 

,:ILE ! SUPPORT]S ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY WILL CON/ANTLY PO9T \T ! OBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* FAC$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 !Y R>ELY M5TION ?OSE FAC+ ! AN>*I/S 9 ,SPA9 ON ! #b? ( ,JULY1 #a#i#c#f4 ,IT SEEMS HYPOCRITICAL TO PO9T TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,CIVIL ,W> AS ! EXPLANATION ( ALL ( ,BOL%EVISM'S CRIMES AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS 79DE$1 HUMANITY7 :ILE REMA9+ SIL5T ON ! =CES FAC+ ! ,C4,N4,T-,F4,A4,I AT ! />T ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 9DICATES ! DILEMMA FAC+ ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,C,N,T AT ! TIME3 

0,! HI<] COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I-,F,I,J,L 9 ,CATALONIA SAW !MSELVES CAU<T ON ! HORNS ( A DILEMMA3 SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 FASCISM OR B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,EI!R !Y COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO ! SOLUTIONS (F]$ BY SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 REG>DLESS ( ! DIFFICULTIES 9VOLV$ 9 FI<T+ BO? FASCISM & 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM1 OR1 ?R\< FE> ( FASCISM 7OR ( ! PEOPLE71 !Y SACRIFIC$ !IR AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES TO BOL/]1 TO BECOME1 P>T ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE 444 ,FAC$ ) AN IMP]FECT /ATE ( AFFAIRS & PREF]R+ DEFEAT TO A POSSIBLY ,PYRRHIC VICTORY1 ! ,CATALAN AN>*I/ LEAD]%IP R5\NC$ AN>*ISM 9 ! NAME ( EXP$I5CY & REMOV$ ! SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ( ,SPA9 FROM !IR AG5DA4 

0,BUT :AT ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I LEAD]S FAIL$ TO GRASP WAS ?AT ! DECISION :E!R OR NOT TO IMPLEM5T ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 WAS NOT !IRS TO MAKE4 ,AN>*ISM WAS NOT SOME?+ :I* C\LD BE TRANS=M$ FROM !ORY 9TO PRACTICE BY ORGANIZATIONAL DECREE 444 .<!.> SPONTANE\S DEF5SIVE MOVEM5T ( #ai ,JULY HAD DEVELOP$ A POLITICAL DIRECT ( ITS [N40 .<#b.> 

,?IS IS NOT1 WE /RESS1 TO JU/IFY ! DECISION BUT RA!R TO EXPLA9 IT & PLACE IT 9 CONTEXT4 ,ISOLATION1 ! UNEV5 SUPPORT = A LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION ACROSS ,SPA9 & ! DANG]S ( FASCISM W]E REAL PROBLEMS1 BUT !Y DO NOT EXCUSE ! LEAD]S ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T = !IR MI/AKES4 ,! BIGGE/ ( :I* W]E =GETT+ BASIC AN>*I/ IDEAS & REJECT+ AN AN>*I/ APPROA* TO ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE 7UNLIKE ! RANK-&-FILE ( ! ,C,N,T1 :O ORGANIZ$ COLLECTIVES1 COMMUNES & MILITIAS 9 L9E ) AN>*I/ !ORY74 

,! FACT IS ?AT ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* ! DECISION TO COLLABORATE WAS MADE >E R>ELY M5TION$ BY ,M>XI/S1 :O PREF] TO QUOTE ,C,N,T MILITANT ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S COMM5T FROM OV] A YE> LAT]3 

0,! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I DECID$ ON COLLABORATION & DEMOCRACY1 R5\NC+ REVOLUTION>Y TOTALIT>IANISM :I* W\LD LEAD TO ! /RANGULATION ( ! REVOLUTION BY ! AN>*I/ & ,CONF$]AL DICTATOR%IP4 ,WE HAD TO *OOSE1 BETWE5 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 :I* MEANT AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP1 & DEMOCRACY1 :I* MEANT COLLABORATION40 .<#b#a.> 

,AS ,ABEL ,PAZ NOTES1 0.<I.>T IS CLE> ?AT ! EXPLANATIONS GIV5 444 W]E DESIGN$ = !IR POLITICAL EFFECT1 HID+ ! ATMOSPH]E 9 :I* !SE DECISIONS W]E TAK54 ,!SE DECL>ATIONS W]E MADE A YE> LAT] :5 ! ,C,N,T W]E ALREADY F> REMOV$ FROM !IR ORIG9AL POSITIONS ,IT IS ALSO ! P]IOD :5 !Y HAD BECOME 9VOLV$ 9 ! POLICY ( COLLABORATION :I* LEAD TAK+ P>T 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT 9 A C]TA9 WAY !Y %$ LI<T ON ! UNKN[N FACTORS :I* WEI<T$ SO HEAVILY ON !SE :O TOOK P>T 9 ! HI/ORIC ,PL5UM40 .<#b#b.> ,MO/ OBVI\SLY1 :5 ! DECISION WAS MADE1 ! REVOLUTION HAD NOT />T$ YET4 ,! /REET FI<T+ HAD JU/ 5D$ & ! ,PL5UM DECID$ 0NOT TO SPEAK AB\T ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS LONG AS P>T ( ,SPA9 WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! FASCI/S40 .<#b#c.> ,! REVOLUTION TOOK PLACE FROM BEL[ 9 ! DAYS FOLL[+ ! DECISION1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! WI%ES ( ! ,PL5UM4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,ABEL ,PAZ3 

0,:5 ! WORK]S REA*$ !IR WORKPLACES 444 !Y F\ND !M DES]T$ 444 ,! MAJOR C5T]S ( PRODUCTION HAD BE5 AB&ON$ BY !IR [N]S 444 ,! ,C,N,T & ITS LEAD]S HAD C]TA9LY NOT =ESE5 ?IS SITUATION2 IF !Y HAD1 !Y HAD1 !Y W\LD HAVE GIV5 APPROPRIATE GUIDANCE TO ! WORK]S :5 !Y CALL$ (F ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE & ORD]$ A RETURN TO WORK4 ,:AT HAPP5$ NEXT WAS ! RESULT ( ! WORK]S' SPONTANE\S DECISION TO TAKE MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S4 

0,F9D+ ! FACTORIES DES]T$1 & NO 9/RUCTIONS FROM !IR UNIONS1 !Y RESOLV$ TO OP]ATE ! MA*9ES !MSELVES 444 ! UNION LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T COMMITTEES W]E CONFRONT$ ) A REVOLUTION ?AT !Y HAD NOT =ESE5 444 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS HAD BYPASS$ !IR LEAD]S & TAK5 COLLECTIVE ACTION40 .<#b#d.> 

,AS ! REVOLUTION HAD NOT YET BEGUN & ! ,C,N,T ,PL5UM HAD DECID$ NOT TO CALL = ITS />T1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO SEE H[ 0LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM0 7I4E4 ! REVOLUTION7 C\LD 0LEAD TO ! /RANGULATION ( ! REVOLUTION0 7I4E4 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ?IS P>TICUL> RATIONALE PUT =W>D BY ,G>ICA ,OLIV] C\LD NOT REFLECT ! REAL ?\<TS ( ?OSE PRES5T AT ! ,C,N,T PL5UM & SO1 9 FACT1 WAS A LAT] JU/IFICATION = ! ,C,N,T'S ACTIONS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM IS BAS$ ON SELF-MANAGEM5T1 BY ITS NATURE OPPOS$ TO DICTATOR%IP &1 BY DEF9ITION1 IT IS F> MORE 0DEMOCRATIC0 ?AN ! CAPITALI/ /ATE ,OLIV] DESCRIBES AS 0DEMOCRACY40 ,JUAN ,GOMAZ ,CASAS 7AN ACTIVE ,F4,A4,I4 MEMB] 9 #a#i#c#f7 MAKES CLE>3 

0,H[ ELSE C\LD LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM BE BR\<T AB\T8 ,IT W\LD ALWAYS SIGNIFY DISSOLUTION ( ! OLD P>TIES D$ICAT$ TO ! IDEA ( P[]1 OR AT LEA/ MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO PURSUE !IR POLITICS AIM$ AT SEIZURE ( P[]4 ,!RE WILL ALWAYS BE POCKETS ( OPPOSITION TO NEW EXP]I5CES & !RE=E RESI/ANCE TO JO9+ '! SPONTANEITY ( ! UNANIM\S MASSES4' ,9 ADDITION1 ! MASSES W\LD HAVE COMPLETE FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION 9 ! UNIONS & 9 ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS ( ! REVOLUTION AS WELL AS !IR POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! DI/RICT & COMMUNITIES40 .<#b#e.> 

,AS SU*1 ! DILEMMA ( 0AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP0 OR 0COLLABORATION0 RAIS$ 9 #aicg WAS FUNDAM5TALLY WRONG BO? LOGICALLY & 9 T]MS ( :Y ! DECISION TO COLLABORATE WAS MADE4 

,?AT ,M>XI/S REPEAT ,G>CIA'S WORDS %[S H[ SUP]FICIAL !IR CRITIQUE ( AN>*ISM & !IR KN[L$GE ( ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION REALLY >E4 

,UNITY FROM BEL[ 

,AS CAN BE SE51 ! RATIONALES LAT] DEVELOP$ TO JU/IFY ! BETRAYAL ( AN>*I/ IDEAS & ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S ( ,SPA9 W]E CREAT$ TO JU/IFY A NON-AN>*I/ APPROA* TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM4 ,9/EAD ( A G5U9E CONF$]AL BODY 7MADE UP ( M&AT$ DELEGATES FROM WORKPLACE1 MILITIA & NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES7 ! ,C4,N4,T4 CREAT$ A BODY :I* WAS NOT ACC\NTABLE TO1 NOR C\LD REFLECT ! IDEAS (1 ORD9>Y WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE EXPRESS$ 9 !IR ASSEMBLIES4 ,! /ATE & GOV]NM5T WAS NOT ABOLI%$ BY SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ONLY IGNOR$4 

,COLLABORATION ) ! /ATE 5SUR$ ?AT A F$]ATION ( WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS C\LD NOT BE CREAT$ TO CO-ORD9ATE ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM & ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,AS ,/U>T ,*RI/IE >GUES1 0.<B.>Y IMPOS+ !IR LEAD]%IP FROM ABOVE1 !SE P>TISAN COMMITTEES SUFFOCAT$ ! MU%ROOM+ POPUL> AUTONOM\S REVOLUTION>Y C5T]S -- ! GRASS-ROOTS FACTORY & LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES -- & PREV5T$ !M FROM PROV+ !MSELVES AS AN EFFICI5T & VIABLE MEANS ( CO-ORD9AT+ COMMUNICATIONS1 DEF5SE & PROVISION+4 ,!Y ALSO PREV5T$ ! ,LOCAL ,REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES FROM 9TEGRAT+ ) EA* O!R TO =M A REGIONAL1 PROV9CIAL & NATIONAL F$]AL NETWORK :I* W\LD FACILITATE ! REVOLUTION>Y TASK ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION40 .<#b#f.> ,)\T SU* A F$]ATION1 IT WAS ONLY A MATT] ( TIME BE=E ! ,C4,N4,T JO9$ ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T4 

,ONLY A F$]ATION ( DELEGATES FROM ! FIELDS1 FACTORIES & WORKPLACES C\LD HAVE SOLV$ ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ! REVOLUTION1 AS >GU$ BY ,BAKUN93 

0! ,ALLIANCE ( ALL LABOR ASSOCIATIONS 444 WILL CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMUNE 444 !RE WILL BE A /&+ F$]ATION ( ! B>RICADES & A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNAL ,C\NCIL 444 .<MADE UP (.> DELEGATES 444 9VE/$ ) B9D+ M&ATES & ACC\NTABLE & REVOCABLE AT ALL TIMES 444 ALL PROV9CES1 COMMUNES & ASSOCIATIONS 444 .<WILL.> DELEGATE DEPUTIES TO AN AGRE$ PLACE ( ASSEMBLY 7ALL 444 9VE/$ ) B9D+ M&AT$ & ACC\NTABLE & SUBJECT TO RECALL71 9 ORD] TO F\ND ! F$]ATION ( 9SURG5T ASSOCIATIONS1 COMMUNES & PROV9CES 444 & TO ORGANIZE A REVOLUTION>Y =CE ) ! CAPACITY ( DEFEAT+ ! REACTION 444 IT IS ?R\< ! V]Y ACT ( EXTRAPOLATION & ORGANIZATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION ) AN EYE TO ! MUTUAL DEF5SES ( 9SURG5T >EAS ?AT ! UNIV]SALITY ( ! ,REVOLUTION 444 WILL EM]GE TRIUMPHANT40 .<#b#g.> 

,9DE$1 SU* AN ORGANIZATION ALREADY EXI/+ 9 EMBRYO 9 ! ,C,N,T'S B>RIOS DEF5SE COMMITTEES :I* HAD L$ & CO-ORD9AT$ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y C\P ?R\<\T ! CITY4 ,9 COMB9ATION TO A F$]ATION ( OCCUPI$ WORKPLACES BAS$ ON DIRECT DELEGATION IRRESPECTIVE ( EXI/+ UNIONS1 !SE C\LD HAVE 5SUR$ ! SUCCESS ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,IRONICALLY1 ! MI/AKE MADE BY ! ,C,N,T1 :ILE UND]/&ABLE1 CANNOT BE JU/IFI$ GIV5 ?AT !IR CONSEQU5CES HAD BE5 PR$ICT$ BY NUM]\S AN>*I/S BE=EH&4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,KROPOTK9 CRITIQUE ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE REFUTES ! TWO ASSUMPTIONS ( ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP -- FIR/1 ( PLAC+ ! W> BE=E ! REVOLUTION &1 SECOND1 ?AT ! /RUGGLE C\LD BE BETT] WAG$ BY MEANS ( ! /ATE4 .<#b#h.> 

,MOREOV]1 IT SEEMS DIFFICULT TO BLAME AN>*I/ !ORY = ! DECISIONS ( ! ,C,N,T :5 ?AT !ORY >GUES ! OPPOSITE POSITION4 ,P>TICUL>LY GIV5 ?AT ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON EXPOSES AS FALSE ! CLAIM ?AT AN>*ISM FAIL$ 9 DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,9 ,>AGON1 ! ,C,N,T DID FOLL[ ! IDEAS ( AN>*ISM1 ABOLI%+ BO? ! /ATE & CAPITALISM BY MEANS ( A F$]ATION ( COMMUNES4 ,?IS PR9CIPL$ /& = REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL & ECONOMIC *ANGE /&S AT ODDS ) ! CLAIMS ?AT ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION %[S ! FAILURE ( AN>*ISM4 ,AFT] ALL1 9 ,>AGON ! ,C,N,T DID ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) AN>*I/ !ORY AS WELL AS ITS [N HI/ORY & POLITICS4 

,CONCLUSION 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT ! DEFEAT 9 ,SPA9 WAS DUE TO A FAILURE NOT ( AN>*I/ !ORY & TACTICS BUT A FAILURE ( AN>*I/S TO APPLY !IR !ORY & TACTICS4 ,9/EAD ( DE/ROY+ ! /ATE1 ! ,C4,N4,T4-,F4,A4,I4 IGNOR$ IT4 ,= A REVOLUTION TO BE SUCCESSFUL IT NE$S TO CREATE ORGANIZATIONS :I* CAN EFFECTIVELY REPLACE ! /ATE & ! M>KET2 ?AT IS1 TO CREATE A WIDESPREAD LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION = SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DECISION-MAK+ ?R\< :I* WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE CAN />T TO SET !IR [N AG5DAS4 ,ONLY BY GO+ ?IS R\TE CAN ! /ATE & CAPITALISM BE EFFECTIVELY SMA%$4 ,?US ! MO/ IMPORTANT LESSON GA9$ FROM ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION IS SIMPLY ! CORRECTNESS ( AN>*I/ !ORY ON ! NE$ TO ORGANIZE ! 0SOCIAL P[]0 ( ! WORK+ CLASS BY A FREE F$]ATION ( WORK]S ASSOCIATIONS TO DE/ROY ! /ATE4 

,BEYOND D\BT1 !SE MON?S ( ECONOMIC LIB]TY 9 ,SPA9 %[ NOT ONLY ?AT LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM WORKS & ?AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE CAN MANAGE & RUN SOCIETY \RSELVES BUT ?AT IT CAN IMPROVE ! QUALITY ( LIFE & 9CREASE FRE$OM4 ,GIV5 ! TIME & BREA?+ SPACE1 ! EXP]IM5T W\LD UND\BT$LY HAVE IRON$ \T ITS PROBLEMS4 ,EV5 9 ! V]Y DIFFICULT 5VIRONM5T ( A CIVIL W> 7& ) RESI/ANCE ( ALMO/ ALL O!R P>TIES & UNIONS7 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS ( ,SPA9 %[$ ?AT A BETT] SOCIETY IS POSSIBLE4 ,!Y GAVE A CONCRETE EXAMPLE ( :AT WAS PREVI\SLY JU/ A VISION1 A WORLD :I* WAS MORE HUMANE1 MORE FREE1 MORE EQUITABLE & MORE CIVILIZ$ ?AN ?AT RUN BY CAPITALI/S1 MANAG]S1 POLITICIANS & BUREAUCRATS4 

.<#a.> QUOT$ BY ,M>?A ,A4 ,ACKELSB]G & ,MYRNA ,M>GULIES ,BREI?>T1 0,T]RA9S ( ,PROTE/3 ,/RIK+ ,CITY ,WOM501 PP4 #a#e#a-#a#g#f1 ,\R ,G5]ATION1 VOL4 #a#i1 ,NO4 #a1 PP4 #a#f#d-#e 

.<#b.> ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVES3 SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i1 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 7$471 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ,MONTREAL1 #a#i#g#d1 PP4 #f-#g 

.<#c.> ,DURRUTI3 ,! ,PEOPLE ,>M$1 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ,MONTREAL1 #a#i#g#f1 P4 #bdc 

.<#d.> ,M>?A ,A4 ,ACKELSB]G1 ,FREE ,WOM5 ( ,SPA93 AN>*ISM & ! /RUGGLE = ! EMANCIPATION ( WOM51 ,9DIANA ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,BLOOM+TON1 #a#i#i#a1 P4 #gc 

.<#e.> ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVES1 P4 #fg 

.<#f.> ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #aab 

.<#g.> ,OP4 ,CIT41 P #a#a#iF 

.<#h.> ,! ,FREE ,WOM5 ( ,SPA91 P4 #gi 

.<#i.> ,QUOT$ BY ,RONALD ,FRAS]1 ,BLOOD ( ,SPA93 ! EXP]I5CE ( CIVIL W>1 #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i1 ,ALL5 ,LANE1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#g#i1 P4 #bhh 

.<#a.> 0,AN>*ISM & ! ,SPANI% ',REVOLUTION'01 ,SUBV]SION NO4 #ah 

.<#a#a.> QUOT$ BY ,RONALD ,FRAS]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #bab 

.<#a#b.> ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION3 ,ECONOMIC ,RECON/RUCTION 9 ,SPA9 ,TODAY1 ,GRE5B]G1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #aicg 7FACSIMILE $ITION BY ,JURA ,M$IA1 ,PET]%AM1 #a#i#i#f741 P4 #ig 

.<#a#c.> ,WORDS ( A ,REBEL1 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ,MONTREAL1 #a#i#i#b1 P4 #gb 

.<#a#d.> ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*ISM1 #bND ,$ITION1 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 7$471 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ,MONTREAL1 #a#i#h1 P4 #bg 

.<#a#e.> ,COLLECTIVES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#g#e1 P4 #b#b#g-#h 

.<#a#f.> QUOT$ BY ,FRAS]1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4 #bb 

.<#a#g.> ,OP4 ,CIT41 PP4 #b#i#a-#b 

.<#a#h.> QUOT$ BY ,ROB]T ,ALEX&]1 ,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 VOL4 #b1 ,JANUS ,PUBLI%+ ,COMPANY1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#i#i1 P4 #aaef 

.<#a#i.> ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#i1 P4 #agi 

.<#b.> ,WE1 ! ,AN>*I/S6 ,A ,/UDY ( ! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,I7 #a#i#b#g-#a#i#b#g1 ,! ,MELTZ] ,PRESS & ,JURA ,M$IA1 ,HA/+S_/,PET]%AM1 #b1 P4 #ii 

.<#b#a.> QUOT$ BY ,V]NON ,RI*>DS1 ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 #cRD ,$ITION1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#h#c1 P4 #cd 

.<#b#b.> ,DURRUTI3 ,! ,PEOPLE ,>M$1 P4 #bae 

.<#b#c.> ,M>IANO ,R4 ,VESQUEZ1 QUOT$ BY ,PAZ1 ,OP4 ,CIT41 P4#b#a#d 

.<#b#d.> ,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,POCKET ,>*IVES1 ,HAZAN1 ,P>IS1 #a#i#i#g1 PP4 #e#d-#f 

.<#b#e.> ,AN>*I/ ,ORGANIZATION3 ! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,F4,A4,I41 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 ,MONTREAL1 #a#i#h#f1 P4 #a#h#hF 

.<#b#f.> ,WE1 ! ,AN>*I/S61 PP4 #i#i-#a 

.<#b#g.> ,NO ,GODS1 ,NO ,MA/]S3 ,AN ,AN?OLOGY ( ,AN>*ISM1 VOLUME #a1 ,GU]91 ,DANIEL 7$471 ,$9BUR<_/,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 #a#i#i#h1 PP4 #a#e#e-#f 

.<#b#h.> ,WORDS ( A ,REBEL1 PP4 #i#g-#h 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION3 #g ,YE>S ,ON -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION3 #g ,YE>S ,ON -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/