,*APT] #e 
,TIME & ,HI/ORY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,DEBORD 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #e3 ,TIME & ,HI/ORY 

  
  

,O1 G5TLEM51 ! TIME ( LIFE IS %ORT6 444 

,AN IF WE LIVE1 WE LIVE TO TREAD ON K+S4  
  

,%AKESPE>E1 ,H5RY ,I,V 

#abe 

  

,MAN1 0! NEGATIVE BE+ :O IS SOLELY TO ! EXT5T ?AT HE SUPPRESSES ,BE+10 IS ONE ) TIME4 ,MAN'S APPROPRIATION ( HIS [N NATURE IS AT ! SAME TIME HIS GRASP ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! UNIV]SE4 0,HI/ORY IS ITSELF A REAL P>T ( NATURAL HI/ORY1 ( ! TRANS=MATION ( NATURE 9TO MAN0 7,M>X74 ,CONV]SELY1 ?IS 0NATURAL HI/ORY0 HAS NO REAL EXI/5CE O!R ?AN ?R\< ! PROCESS ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 ! ONLY VANTAGE PO9T FROM :I* ONE CAN TAKE 9 ?AT HI/ORICAL TOTALITY 7LIKE ! MOD]N TELESCOPE :OSE P[] 5ABLES ONE TO LOOK BACK 9 TIME AT ! REC$+ NEBULAS AT ! P]IPH]Y ( ! UNIV]SE74 ,HI/ORY HAS ALWAYS EXI/$1 BUT NOT ALWAYS 9 ITS HI/ORICAL =M4 ,! TEMPORALIZATION ( HUMANITY1 BR\<T AB\T ?R\< ! M$IATION ( A SOCIETY1 AM\NTS TO A HUMANIZATION ( TIME4 ,! UNCONSCI\S MOVEM5T ( TIME BECOMES MANIFE/ & TRUE )9 HI/ORICAL CONSCI\SNESS4 

#abf 

  

,TRUE 7?\< /ILL HIDD57 HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T BEG9S ) ! SL[ & IMP]CEPTIBLE DEVELOPM5T ( ! 0REAL NATURE ( MAN0 -- ! 0NATURE ?AT IS BORN ) HUMAN HI/ORY1 \T ( ! G5]ATIVE ACTION ( HUMAN SOCIETY40 ,BUT EV5 :5 SU* A SOCIETY HAS DEVELOP$ A TE*NOLOGY & A LANGUAGE & IS ALREADY A PRODUCT ( ITS [N HI/ORY1 IT IS CONSCI\S ONLY ( A P]PETUAL PRES5T4 ,KN[L$GE IS C>RI$ ON ONLY BY ! LIV+1 NEV] GO+ BEYOND ! MEMORY ( ! SOCIETY'S OLDE/ MEMB]S4 ,NEI!R DEA? NOR PROCREATION IS UND]/OOD AS A LAW ( TIME4 ,TIME REMA9S MOTIONLESS1 LIKE AN 5CLOS$ SPACE4 ,:5 A MORE COMPLEX SOCIETY F9ALLY BECOMES CONSCI\S ( TIME1 IT TRIES TO NEGATE IT -- IT VIEWS TIME NOT AS SOME?+ ?AT PASSES1 BUT AS SOME?+ ?AT RETURNS4 ,?IS /ATIC TYPE ( SOCIETY ORGANIZES TIME 9 A CYCLICAL MANN]1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS [N DIRECT EXP]I5CE ( NATURE4 

#abg 

  

,CYCLICAL TIME IS ALREADY DOM9ANT AMONG ! NOMADIC PEOPLES BECAUSE !Y F9D ! SAME CONDITIONS REPEAT$ AT EA* /AGE ( !IR J\RNEY4 ,AS ,HEGEL NOTES1 0! W&]+ ( NOMADS IS ONLY NOM9AL BECAUSE IT IS LIMIT$ TO UNI=M SPACES40 ,:5 A SOCIETY SETTLES 9 A P>TICUL> LOCATION & GIVES SPACE A CONT5T BY DEVELOP+ DI/9CTIVE >EAS )9 IT1 IT F9DS ITSELF CONF9$ )9 ?AT LOCALITY4 ,! P]IODIC RETURN TO SIMIL> PLACES N[ BECOMES ! PURE RETURN ( TIME 9 ! SAME PLACE1 ! REPETITION ( A SEQU5CE ( ACTIVITIES4 ,! TRANSITION FROM PA/ORAL NOMADISM TO S$5T>Y AGRICULTURE M>KS ! 5D ( AN IDLE & CONT5TLESS FRE$OM & ! BEG9N+ ( LABOR4 ,! AGR>IAN MODE ( PRODUCTION1 GOV]N$ BY ! RHY?M ( ! SEASONS1 IS ! BASIS = FULLY DEVELOP$ CYCLICAL TIME4 ,ET]NITY IS )9 ?IS TIME1 IT IS ! RETURN ( ! SAME H]E ON E>?4 ,MY? IS ! UNIT>Y M5TAL CON/RUCT :I* GU>ANTEES ?AT ! COSMIC ORD] CON=MS ) ! ORD] ?AT ?IS SOCIETY HAS 9 FACT ALREADY E/ABLI%$ )9 ITS FRONTI]S4 

#abh 

  

,! SOCIAL APPROPRIATION ( TIME & ! PRODUCTION ( MAN BY HUMAN LABOR DEVELOP )9 A SOCIETY DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES4 ,! P[] ?AT E/ABLI%ES ITSELF ABOVE ! POV]TY ( ! SOCIETY ( CYCLICAL TIME1 ! CLASS ?AT ORGANIZES ?IS SOCIAL LABOR & APPROPRIATES ITS LIMIT$ SURPLUS VALUE1 SIMULTANE\SLY APPROPRIATES ! TEMPORAL SURPLUS VALUE RESULT+ FROM ITS ORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL TIME3 IT ALONE POSSESSES ! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ( ! LIV+4 ,! WEAL? ?AT CAN ONLY BE CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( ! RUL]S & SP5T 9 EXTRAVAGANT FE/IVITIES AM\NTS TO A SQU&]+ ( HI/ORICAL TIME AT ! SURFACE ( SOCIETY4 ,! [N]S ( ?IS HI/ORICAL SURPLUS VALUE >E ! ONLY ONES 9 A POSITION TO KN[ & 5JOY REAL EV5TS4 ,SEP>AT$ FROM ! COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION ( TIME ASSOCIAT$ ) ! REPETITIVE PRODUCTION AT ! BASE ( SOCIAL LIFE1 ?IS HI/ORICAL TIME FL[S 9DEP5D5TLY ABOVE ITS [N /ATIC COMMUNITY4 ,?IS IS ! TIME ( ADV5TURE & W>1 ! TIME 9 :I* ! MA/]S ( CYCLICAL SOCIETY PURSUE !IR P]SONAL HI/ORIES2 IT IS ALSO ! TIME ?AT EM]GES 9 ! CLA%ES ) =EIGN COMMUNITIES ?AT DISRUPT ! UN*ANG+ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,HI/ORY ?US >ISES AS SOME?+ ALI5 TO PEOPLE1 AS SOME?+ !Y NEV] S\<T & FROM :I* !Y HAD ?\<T !MSELVES PROTECT$4 ,BUT IT ALSO REVIVES ! NEGATIVE HUMAN RE/LESSNESS ?AT HAD BE5 AT ! V]Y ORIG9 ( ?IS :OLE 7TEMPOR>ILY SUSP5D$7 DEVELOPM5T4 

#abi 

  

,9 ITSELF1 CYCLICAL TIME IS A TIME )\T CONFLICT4 ,BUT CONFLICT IS ALREADY PRES5T EV5 9 ?IS 9FANCY ( TIME1 AS HI/ORY FIR/ /RUGGLES TO BECOME HI/ORY 9 ! PRACTICAL ACTIVITY ( ! MA/]S4 ,?IS HI/ORY CREATES A SURFACE IRREV]SIBILITY2 ITS MOVEM5T CON/ITUTES ! V]Y TIME IT USES UP )9 ! 9EXHAU/IBLE TIME ( CYCLICAL SOCIETY4 

#ac 

  

0,/ATIC SOCIETIES0 >E SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE R$UC$ !IR HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T TO A M9IMUM & ?AT HAVE MANAG$ TO MA9TA9 !IR 9T]NAL CONFLICTS & !IR CONFLICTS ) ! NATURAL & HUMAN 5VIRONM5T 9 A CON/ANT EQUILIBRIUM4 ,AL?\< ! EXTRAORD9>Y DIV]SITY ( ! 9/ITUTIONS E/ABLI%$ = ?IS PURPOSE BE>S ELOQU5T TE/IMONY TO ! FLEXIBILITY ( HUMAN NATURE'S SELF-CREATION1 ?IS DIV]SITY IS APP>5T ONLY TO ! EXT]NAL OBS]V]1 ! AN?ROPOLOGI/ :O LOOKS BACK FROM ! VANTAGE PO9T ( HI/ORICAL TIME4 ,9 EA* ( !SE SOCIETIES A DEF9ITIVE ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE HAS ELIM9AT$ ANY POSSIBILITY ( *ANGE4 ,! TOTAL CON=MISM ( !IR SOCIAL PRACTICES1 ) :I* ALL HUMAN POSSIBILITIES >E ID5TIFI$ = ALL TIME1 HAS NO EXT]NAL LIMIT BUT ! FE> ( FALL+ BACK 9TO A =MLESS ANIMAL CONDITION4 ,! MEMB]S ( !SE SOCIETIES REMA9 HUMAN AT ! PRICE ( ALWAYS REMA9+ ! SAME4 

#aca 

  

,) ! EM]G5CE ( POLITICAL P[] -- :I* SEEMS TO BE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! LA/ GREAT TE*NOLOGICAL REVOLUTIONS 7SU* AS IRON SMELT+7 AT ! ?RE%OLD ( A P]IOD ?AT W\LD EXP]I5CE NO FUR!R MAJOR UPHEAVALS UNTIL ! RISE ( MOD]N 9DU/RY -- K9%IP TIES BEG9 TO DISSOLVE4 ,! SUCCESSION ( G5]ATIONS )9 A NATURAL1 PURELY CYCLICAL TIME BEG9S TO BE REPLAC$ BY A L9E> SUCCESSION ( P[]S & EV5TS4 ,?IS IRREV]SIBLE TIME IS ! TIME ( ?OSE :O RULE1 & ! DYNA/Y IS ITS FIR/ UNIT ( MEASUREM5T4 ,WRIT+ IS ! RUL]S' WEAPON4 ,9 WRIT+1 LANGUAGE ATTA9S ITS COMPLETE 9DEP5D5CE AS A M$IATION BETWE5 CONSCI\SNESSES4 ,BUT ?IS 9DEP5D5CE CO9CIDES ) ! 9DEP5D5CE ( SEP>ATE P[]1 ! M$IATION ?AT %APES SOCIETY4 ,) WRIT+ !RE APPE>S A CONSCI\SNESS ?AT IS NO LONG] C>RI$ & TRANSMITT$ DIRECTLY AMONG ! LIV+ -- AN IMP]SONAL MEMORY1 ! MEMORY ( ! ADM9I/RATION ( SOCIETY4 0,WRIT+S >E ! ?\<TS ( ! /ATE2 >*IVES >E ITS MEMORY0 7,NOVALIS74 

#acb 

  

,! *RONICLE IS ! EXPRESSION ( ! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ( P[]4 ,IT ALSO S]VES TO 9SPIRE ! CONT9U$ PROGRESSION ( ?AT TIME BY RECORD+ ! PA/ \T ( :I* IT HAS DEVELOP$1 S9CE ?IS ORI5TATION ( TIME T5DS TO COLLAPSE ) ! FALL ( EA* P>TICUL> P[] & W\LD O!RWISE S9K BACK 9TO ! 9DIFF]5T OBLIVION ( CYCLICAL TIME 7! ONLY TIME KN[N TO ! PEASANT MASSES :O1 DUR+ ! RISE & FALL ( ALL ! EMPIRES & !IR *RONOLOGIES1 NEV] *ANGE74 ,! [N]S ( HI/ORY HAVE GIV5 TIME A DIRECTION1 A DIRECTION :I* IS ALSO A MEAN+4 ,BUT ?IS HI/ORY DEVELOPS & P]I%ES SEP>ATELY1 LEAV+ ! UND]LY+ SOCIETY UN*ANG$1 BECAUSE IT REMA9S SEP>AT$ FROM ! COMMON REALITY4 ,?IS IS :Y WE T5D TO R$UCE ! HI/ORY ( ,ORI5TAL EMPIRES TO A HI/ORY ( RELIGIONS3 ! *RONOLOGIES ?AT HAVE FALL5 TO RU9S HAVE LEFT NO?+ BUT ! SEEM+LY 9DEP5D5T HI/ORY ( ! ILLUSIONS ?AT VEIL$ !M4 ,! MA/]S :O US$ ! PROTECTION ( MY? TO MAKE HI/ORY !IR PRIVATE PROP]TY DID SO FIR/ ( ALL 9 ! REALM ( ILLUSION4 ,9 ,*9A & ,EGYPT1 = EXAMPLE1 !Y LONG HELD A MONOPOLY ON ! IMMORTALITY ( ! S\L2 & !IR E>LIE/ (FICIALLY RECOGNIZ$ DYNA/IES W]E NO?+ BUT IMAG9>Y RECON/RUCTIONS ( ! PA/4 ,BUT ?IS ILLUSORY [N]%IP BY ! MA/]S WAS ! ONLY [N]%IP !N POSSIBLE1 BO? ( ! COMMON HI/ORY & ( !IR [N HI/ORY4 ,AS !IR REAL HI/ORICAL P[] EXP&$1 ?IS ILLUSORY-MY?ICAL [N]%IP BECAME 9CREAS+LY VULG>IZ$4 ,ALL !SE CONSEQU5CES FL[$ FROM ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT AS ! MA/]S PLAY$ ! ROLE ( MY?ICALLY GU>ANTEE+ ! P]MAN5CE ( CYCLICAL TIME 7AS 9 ! SEASONAL RITES P]=M$ BY ! ,*9ESE EMP]ORS71 !Y !MSELVES A*IEV$ A RELATIVE LIB]ATION FROM CYCLICAL TIME4 

#acc 

  

,! DRY1 UNEXPLA9$ *RONOLOGY ?AT A DEIFI$ AU?ORITY (F]$ TO ITS SUBJECTS1 :O W]E SUPPOS$ TO ACCEPT IT AS ! E>?LY FULFILLM5T ( MY?IC COMM&M5TS1 WAS DE/9$ TO BE TRANSC5D$ & TRANS=M$ 9TO CONSCI\S HI/ORY4 ,BUT = ?IS TO HAPP51 SIZABLE GR\PS ( PEOPLE HAD TO HAVE EXP]I5C$ REAL P>TICIPATION 9 HI/ORY4 ,\T ( ?IS PRACTICAL COMMUNICATION BETWE5 ?OSE :O HAVE RECOGNIZ$ EA* O!R AS POSSESSORS ( A UNIQUE PRES5T1 :O HAVE EXP]I5C$ A QUALITATIVE RI*NESS ( EV5TS 9 !IR [N ACTIVITY & :O >E AT HOME 9 !IR [N ]A1 >ISES ! G5]AL LANGUAGE ( HI/ORICAL COMMUNICATION4 ,?OSE = :OM IRREV]SIBLE TIME TRULY EXI/S DISCOV] 9 IT BO? ! MEMORABLE & ! ?REAT ( OBLIVION3 0,H]ODOTUS ( ,HALIC>NASSUS H]E PRES5TS ! RESULTS ( HIS RESE>*ES1 SO ?AT TIME WILL NOT ABOLI% ! DE$S ( M54440 

#acd 

  

,EXAM9+ HI/ORY AM\NTS TO EXAM9+ ! NATURE ( P[]4 ,GREECE WAS ! MOM5T :5 P[] & *ANGES 9 P[] W]E FIR/ DEBAT$ & UND]/OOD4 ,IT WAS A DEMOCRACY ( ! MA/]S ( SOCIETY -- A TOTAL CONTRA/ TO ! DESPOTIC /ATE1 :]E P[] SETTLES ACC\NTS ONLY ) ITSELF1 )9 ! IMP5ETRABLE OBSCURITY ( ITS 9N] SANCTUM1 BY MEANS ( PALACE REVOLUTIONS1 :I* >E BEYOND ! PALE ( DISCUSSION :E!R !Y FAIL OR SUCCE$4 ,BUT ! %>$ P[] 9 ! ,GREEK COMMUNITIES WAS LIMIT$ TO ! CONSUMPTION ( A SOCIAL LIFE :OSE PRODUCTION REMA9$ ! SEP>ATE & /ATIC DOMA9 ( ! S]VILE CLASS4 ,! ONLY PEOPLE :O LIV$ W]E ?OSE :O DID NOT WORK4 ,! DIVISIONS AMONG ! ,GREEK COMMUNITIES & !IR /RUGGLES TO EXPLOIT =EIGN CITIES W]E ! EXT]NALIZ$ EXPRESSION ( ! 9T]NAL PR9CIPLE ( SEP>ATION ON :I* EA* ( !M WAS BAS$4 ,AL?\< ,GREECE HAD DREAM$ ( UNIV]SAL HI/ORY1 IT DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 UNIFY+ ITSELF 9 ! FACE ( =EIGN 9VASION1 OR EV5 9 UNIFY+ ! CAL5D>S ( ITS 9DEP5D5T CITY-/ATES4 ,HI/ORICAL TIME BECAME CONSCI\S 9 ,GREECE1 BUT IT WAS NOT YET CONSCI\S ( ITSELF4 

#ace 

  

,! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! P>TICUL> CONDITIONS ?AT HAD FAVOR$ ! ,GREEK COMMUNITIES BR\<T AB\T A REGRESSION ( ,WE/]N HI/ORICAL ?\<T1 BUT IT DID NOT LEAD TO A RE/ORATION ( ! OLD MY?IC /RUCTURES4 ,! CLA%ES ( ! ,M$IT]RANEAN PEOPLES & ! RISE & FALL ( ! ,ROMAN /ATE GAVE RISE 9/EAD TO SEMIHI/ORICAL RELIGIONS1 :I* BECAME A NEW >MOR = SEP>ATE P[] & BASIC COMPON5TS ( A NEW CONSCI\SNESS ( TIME4 

#acf 

  

,! MONO!I/IC RELIGIONS W]E A COMPROMISE BETWE5 MY? & HI/ORY1 BETWE5 ! CYCLICAL TIME ?AT /ILL GOV]N$ ! SPH]E ( PRODUCTION & ! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ?AT WAS ! !AT] ( CONFLICTS & REGR\P+S AMONG DIFF]5T PEOPLES4 ,! RELIGIONS ?AT EVOLV$ \T ( ,JUDAISM W]E AB/RACT UNIV]SAL ACKN[L$GM5TS ( AN IRREV]SIBLE TIME ?AT HAD BECOME DEMOCRATIZ$ & OP5 TO ALL1 BUT ONLY 9 ! REALM ( ILLUSION4 ,TIME IS TOTALLY ORI5T$ T[>D A S+LE F9AL EV5T3 0,! ,K+DOM ( ,GOD IS SOON TO COME40 ,!SE RELIGIONS W]E ROOT$ 9 ! SOIL ( HI/ORY1 BUT !Y REMA9$ RADICALLY OPPOS$ TO HI/ORY4 ,! SEMIHI/ORICAL RELIGIONS E/ABLI% A QUALITATIVE PO9T ( DEP>TURE 9 TIME 7! BIR? ( ,*RI/1 ! FLI<T ( ,MOHAMM$71 BUT !IR IRREV]SIBLE TIME -- 9TRODUC+ AN ACCUMULATION ?AT W\LD TAKE ! =M ( CONQUE/ 9 ,ISLAM & ( 9CREAS+ CAPITAL 9 ,RE=MATION ,*RI/IANITY -- IS 9V]T$ 9 RELIGI\S ?\<T & BECOMES A SORT ( C\NTD[N3 WAIT+ = TIME TO RUN \T BE=E ! ,LA/ ,JUDGM5T & ! ADV5T ( ! O!R1 TRUE WORLD4 ,ET]NITY HAS EM]G$ FROM CYCLICAL TIME1 AS SOME?+ BEYOND IT4 ,IT IS ALSO ! ELEM5T ?AT RE/RA9S ! IRREV]SIBILITY ( TIME1 SUPPRESS+ HI/ORY )9 HI/ORY ITSELF BY POSITION+ ITSELF ON ! O!R SIDE ( IRREV]SIBLE TIME AS A PURE PO9T 9TO :I* CYCLICAL TIME RETURNS & DISAPPE>S4 ,BOSSUET WILL /ILL SAY3 0,BY WAY ( TIME1 :I* PASSES1 WE 5T] ET]NITY1 :I* DOES NOT PASS40 

#acg 

  

,! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 AN 9COMPLETE MY?ICAL WORLD :OSE CONSUMMATION LAY \TSIDE ITSELF1 IS ! P]IOD :5 CYCLICAL TIME1 ?\< /ILL GOV]N+ ! MAJOR P>T ( PRODUCTION1 REALLY BEG9S TO BE UND]M9$ BY HI/ORY4 ,AN ELEM5T ( IRREV]SIBLE TIME IS RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! SUCCESSIVE /AGES ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL'S LIFE4 ,LIFE IS SE5 AS A ONE-WAY J\RNEY ?R\< A WORLD :OSE MEAN+ LIES ELSE:]E3 ! PILGRIM IS ! P]SON :O LEAVES CYCLICAL TIME BEH9D & ACTUALLY BECOMES ! TRAVEL] ?AT EV]YONE ELSE IS SYMBOLICALLY4 ,P]SONAL HI/ORICAL LIFE /ILL F9DS ITS FULFILLM5T )9 ! SPH]E ( P[]1 :E!R 9 /RUGGLES WAG$ BY P[] OR 9 /RUGGLES OV] DISPUT$ P[]2 BUT P[]'S IRREV]SIBLE TIME IS N[ %>$ TO AN UNLIMIT$ DEGREE DUE TO ! G5]AL UNITY BR\<T AB\T BY ! ORI5T$ TIME ( ! ,*RI/IAN ,]A -- A WORLD ( >M$ FAI?1 :]E ! ADV5TURES ( ! MA/]S REVOLVE >\ND FEALTY & DISPUTES OV] :O [ES FEALTY TO :OM4 ,FEUDAL SOCIETY WAS BORN FROM ! M]G+ ( 0! ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES ( ! CONQU]+ >MIES ?AT DEVELOP$ 9 ! PROCESS ( CONQUE/0 ) 0! PRODUCTIVE =CES F\ND 9 ! CONQU]$ REGIONS0 7,! ,G]MAN ,IDEOLOGY71 & ! FACTORS CONTRIBUT+ TO ! ORGANIZATION ( ?OSE PRODUCTIVE =CES 9CLUDE ! RELIGI\S LANGUAGE 9 :I* !Y W]E EXPRESS$4 ,SOCIAL DOM9ATION WAS DIVID$ BETWE5 ! ,*UR* & ! /ATE1 ! LATT] P[] BE+ 9 TURN SUBDIVID$ 9 ! COMPLEX RELATIONS ( SUZ]A9TY & VASSALAGE )9 & BETWE5 RURAL DOMA9S & URBAN COMMUNITIES4 ,?IS DIV]SIFICATION ( POT5TIAL HI/ORICAL LIFE REFLECT$ ! GRADUAL EM]G5CE 7FOLL[+ ! FAILURE ( ?AT GREAT (FICIAL 5T]PRISE ( ! M$IEVAL WORLD1 ! ,CRUSADES7 ( ! ]A'S UNNOTIC$ 9NOVATION3 ! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ?AT WAS SIL5TLY UND]M9+ ! SOCIETY1 ! TIME EXP]I5C$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( COMMODITIES1 ! F\NDATION & EXPANSION ( CITIES1 & ! COMM]CIAL DISCOV]Y ( ! PLANET -- A PRACTICAL EXP]IM5TATION ?AT DE/ROY$ EV]Y MY?ICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! COSMOS ONCE & = ALL4 

#a* 

  

,) ! WAN+ ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 ! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ?AT HAD 9VAD$ SOCIETY WAS EXP]I5C$ BY A CONSCI\SNESS /ILL ATTA*$ TO ! OLD ORD] AS AN OBSESSION ) DEA?4 ,?IS WAS ! MELAN*OLY ( A WORLD PASS+ AWAY1 ! LA/ WORLD :]E ! SECURITY ( MY? /ILL C\NT]BALANC$ HI/ORY2 & = ?IS MELAN*OLY ALL E>?LY ?+S MOVE 9EVITABLY T[>D DECAY4 ,! GREAT ,EUROPEAN PEASANT REVOLTS W]E ALSO AN ATTEMPT TO RESPOND TO HI/ORY -- A HI/ORY ?AT WAS VIOL5TLY WRE/+ ! PEASANTS FROM ! PATRI>*AL SLUMB] ?AT HAD BE5 IMPOS$ BY !IR FEUDAL GU>DIANS4 ,! MILL5>IANS' UTOPIAN ASPIRATION ( CREAT+ HEAV5 ON E>? REVIV$ A DREAM ?AT HAD BE5 AT ! ORIG9 ( ! SEMIHI/ORICAL RELIGIONS1 :5 ! E>LY ,*RI/IAN COMMUNITIES1 LIKE ! ,JUDAIC MESSIANISM FROM :I* !Y SPRUNG1 RESPOND$ TO ! TR\BLES & MIS=TUNES ( !IR TIME BY 5VISION+ ! IMM95T REALIZATION ( ! ,K+DOM ( ,GOD1 !REBY ADD+ AN ELEM5T ( UNRE/ & SUBV]SION TO ANCI5T SOCIETY4 ,:5 ,*RI/IANITY REA*$ ! PO9T ( %>+ P[] )9 ! EMPIRE1 IT D5\NC$ :ATEV] /ILL REMA9$ ( ?IS HOPE AS M]E SUP]/ITION4 ,?IS IS :AT ,/4 ,AUGU/9E WAS DO+ :51 9 A =MULA ?AT CAN BE SE5 AS ! >*ETYPE ( ALL ! MOD]N IDEOLOGICAL APOLOGETICS1 HE DECL>$ ?AT ! ,K+DOM ( ,GOD HAD 9 FACT ALREADY COME LONG AGO -- ?AT IT WAS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! E/ABLI%$ ,*UR*4 ,! SOCIAL REVOLTS ( ! MILL5>IAN PEASANTRY NATURALLY BEGAN BY DEF9+ !IR GOAL AS ! OV]?R[ ( ?AT ,*UR*4 ,BUT MILL5>IANISM DEVELOP$ 9 A HI/ORICAL WORLD1 NOT ON ! T]RA9 ( MY?4 ,MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y HOPES >E NOT IRRATIONAL CONT9UATIONS ( ! RELIGI\S PASSION ( MILL5>IANISM1 AS ,NORMAN ,COHN ?\<T HE HAD DEMON/RAT$ 9 ,! ,PURSUIT ( ! ,MILL5NIUM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 MILL5>IANISM1 REVOLUTION>Y CLASS /RUGGLE SPEAK+ ! LANGUAGE ( RELIGION = ! LA/ TIME1 WAS ALREADY A MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY1 A T5D5CY ?AT LACK$ ONLY ! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT IT WAS A PURELY HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T4 ,! MILL5>IANS W]E DOOM$ TO DEFEAT BECAUSE !Y W]E UNABLE TO RECOGNIZE !IR REVOLUTION AS !IR [N UND]TAK+4 ,! FACT ?AT !Y HESITAT$ TO ACT UNTIL !Y HAD RECEIV$ SOME EXT]NAL SIGN ( ,GOD'S WILL WAS AN IDEOLOGICAL COROLL>Y TO ! 9SURG5T PEASANTS' PRACTICE ( FOLL[+ LEAD]S FROM \TSIDE !IR [N RANKS4 ,! PEASANT CLASS C\LD NOT ATTA9 A CLE> UND]/&+ ( ! WORK+S ( SOCIETY OR ( H[ TO CONDUCT ITS [N /RUGGLE1 & BECAUSE IT LACK$ !SE CONDITIONS = UNIFY+ ITS ACTION & CONSCI\SNESS1 IT EXPRESS$ ITS PROJECT & WAG$ ITS W>S ) ! IMAG]Y ( AN E>?LY P>ADISE4 

#aci 

  

,! ,R5AISSANCE WAS A JOY\S BREAK ) ET]NITY4 ,?\< SEEK+ ITS H]ITAGE & LEGITIMACY 9 ! ANCI5T WORLD1 IT REPRES5T$ A NEW =M ( HI/ORICAL LIFE4 ,ITS IRREV]SIBLE TIME WAS ?AT ( A NEV]-5D+ ACCUMULATION ( KN[L$GE1 & ! HI/ORICAL CONSCI\SNESS 5G5D]$ BY ! EXP]I5CE ( DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITIES & ( ! =CES ?AT DE/ROY !M N[ TOOK UP ONCE AGA91 ) ,MA*IAVELLI1 ! ANALYSIS ( SECUL>IZ$ P[]1 SAY+ ! PREVI\SLY UNSAYABLE AB\T ! /ATE4 ,9 ! EXUB]ANT LIFE ( ! ,ITALIAN CITIES1 9 ! CREATION ( FE/IVALS1 LIFE IS EXP]I5C$ AS AN 5JOYM5T ( ! PASSAGE ( TIME4 ,BUT ?IS 5JOYM5T ( TRANSI5CE IS ITSELF TRANSI5T4 ,! SONG ( ,LOR5ZO DE' ,M$ICI1 :I* ,BURCKH>DT CONSID]$ 0! V]Y SPIRIT ( ! ,R5AISSANCE10 IS ! EULOGY ?IS FRAGILE HI/ORICAL FE/IVAL DELIV]S ON ITSELF3 0,H[ BEAUTIFUL ! SPR+ ( LIFE -- & H[ QUICKLY IT VANI%ES40 

#ad 

  

,! CON/ANT T5D5CY T[>D ! MONOPOLIZATION ( HI/ORICAL LIFE BY ! ABSOLUTE-MON>*I/ /ATE -- A TRANSITIONAL =M ON ! WAY TO COMPLETE DOM9ATION BY ! B\RGEOIS CLASS -- BR+S 9TO CLE> VIEW ! NATURE ( ! B\RGEOISIE'S NEW TYPE ( IRREV]SIBLE TIME4 ,! B\RGEOISIE IS ASSOCIAT$ ) A LABOR TIME ?AT HAS F9ALLY BE5 FRE$ FROM CYCLICAL TIME4 ,) ! B\RGEOISIE1 WORK BECOMES WORK ?AT TRANS=MS HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS4 ,! B\RGEOISIE IS ! FIR/ RUL+ CLASS = :I* WORK IS A VALUE4 ,& ! B\RGEOISIE1 :I* SUPPRESSES ALL PRIVILEGE & RECOGNIZES NO VALUE ?AT DOES NOT /EM FROM ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR1 HAS APPROPRIATELY ID5TIFI$ ITS [N VALUE AS A RUL+ CLASS ) LABOR1 & HAS MADE ! PROGRESS ( LABOR ! MEASURE ( ITS [N PROGRESS4 ,! CLASS ?AT ACCUMULATES COMMODITIES & CAPITAL CONT9UALLY MODIFIES NATURE BY MODIFY+ LABOR ITSELF1 BY UNLEA%+ LABOR'S PRODUCTIVITY4 ,AT ! /AGE ( ABSOLUTE MON>*Y1 ALL SOCIAL LIFE WAS ALREADY CONC5TRAT$ )9 ! ORNAM5T$ POV]TY ( ! ,C\RT1 ! GAUDY TRAPP+S ( A BLEAK /ATE ADM9I/RATION :OSE APEX WAS ! 0PR(ESSION ( K+02 & ALL P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL FRE$OMS HAD TO SURR5D] TO ?IS NEW P[]4 ,! FREE PLAY ( ! FEUDAL LORDS' IRREV]SIBLE TIME CAME TO AN 5D 9 !IR LA/1 LO/ BATTLES -- 9 ! ,FRONDE & 9 ! ,SCOTTI% UPRIS+ 9 SUPPORT ( ,BONNY ,PR9CE ,*>LIE4 ,! WORLD N[ HAD A NEW F\NDATION4 

#ada 

  

,! VICTORY ( ! B\RGEOISIE IS ! VICTORY ( A PR(\NDLY HI/ORICAL TIME1 BECAUSE IT IS ! TIME CORRESPOND+ TO AN ECONOMIC PRODUCTION ?AT CONT9U\SLY TRANS=MS SOCIETY FROM TOP TO BOTTOM4 ,SO LONG AS AGR>IAN PRODUCTION REMA9S ! PR$OM9ANT =M ( LABOR1 ! CYCLICAL TIME ?AT REMA9S AT ! BASE ( SOCIETY RE9=CES ! JO9T =CES ( TRADITION1 :I* T5D TO HOLD BACK ANY HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T4 ,BUT ! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ( ! B\RGEOIS ECONOMY ]ADICATES ?OSE VE/IGES ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,HI/ORY1 :I* UNTIL !N HAD SEEM$ TO 9VOLVE ONLY ! ACTIONS ( 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 & :I* HAD ?US BE5 RECORD$ AS A M]E *RONOLOGY ( EV5TS1 IS N[ UND]/OOD AS A G5]AL MOVEM5T -- A REL5TLESS MOVEM5T ?AT CRU%ES ANY 9DIVIDUALS 9 ITS PA?4 ,BY DISCOV]+ ITS BASIS 9 POLITICAL ECONOMY1 HI/ORY BECOMES AW>E ( :AT HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 UNCONSCI\S2 BUT ?IS BASIS REMA9S UNCONSCI\S BECAUSE IT CANNOT BE BR\<T TO LI<T4 ,?IS BL9D PREHI/ORY1 ?IS NEW FATE ?AT NO ONE CONTROLS1 IS ! ONLY ?+ ?AT ! COMMODITY ECONOMY HAS DEMOCRATIZ$4 

#adb 

  

,! HI/ORY ?AT IS PRES5T 9 ALL ! DEP?S ( SOCIETY T5DS TO BECOME 9VISIBLE AT ! SURFACE4 ,! TRIUMPH ( IRREV]SIBLE TIME IS ALSO ITS METAMORPHOSIS 9TO A TIME ( ?+S1 BECAUSE ! WEAPON ?AT BR\<T AB\T ITS VICTORY WAS ! MASS PRODUCTION ( OBJECTS 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! LAWS ( ! COMMODITY4 ,! MA9 PRODUCT ?AT ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T HAS TRANS=M$ FROM A LUXURI\S R>ITY TO A COMMONLY CONSUM$ ITEM IS ?US HI/ORY ITSELF -- BUT ONLY 9 ! =M ( ! HI/ORY ( ! AB/RACT MOVEM5T ( ?+S ?AT DOM9ATES ALL QUALITATIVE ASPECTS ( LIFE4 ,:ILE ! E>LI] CYCLICAL TIME HAD SUPPORT$ AN 9CREAS+ DEGREE ( HI/ORICAL TIME LIV$ BY 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS1 ! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ( PRODUCTION T5DS TO SOCIALLY ELIM9ATE SU* LIV$ TIME4 

#adc 

  

,! B\RGEOISIE HAS ?US MADE IRREV]SIBLE HI/ORICAL TIME KN[N & HAS IMPOS$ IT ON SOCIETY1 BUT IT HAS PREV5T$ SOCIETY FROM US+ IT4 0,ONCE !RE WAS HI/ORY1 BUT NOT ANY MORE10 BECAUSE ! CLASS ( [N]S ( ! ECONOMY1 :I* IS 9EXTRICABLY TI$ TO ECONOMIC HI/ORY1 MU/ REPRESS EV]Y O!R IRREV]SIBLE USE ( TIME BECAUSE IT IS DIRECTLY ?REAT5$ BY !M ALL4 ,! RUL+ CLASS1 MADE UP ( SPECIALI/S 9 ! POSSESSION ( ?+S :O >E !MSELVES !RE=E POSSESS$ BY ?+S1 IS =C$ TO L9K ITS FATE ) ! PRES]VATION ( ?IS REIFI$ HI/ORY1 ?AT IS1 ) ! PRES]VATION ( A NEW IMMOBILITY )9 HI/ORY4 ,MEAN:ILE ! WORK] AT ! BASE ( SOCIETY IS = ! FIR/ TIME NOT MAT]IALLY E/RANG$ FROM HI/ORY1 BECAUSE ! IRREV]SIBLE MOVEM5T IS N[ G5]AT$ FROM ?AT BASE4 ,BY DEM&+ TO LIVE ! HI/ORICAL TIME ?AT IT PRODUCES1 ! PROLET>IAT DISCOV]S ! SIMPLE1 UN=GETTABLE CORE ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT2 & EA* PREVI\SLY DEFEAT$ ATTEMPT TO C>RY \T ?IS PROJECT REPRES5TS A POSSIBLE PO9T ( DEP>TURE = A NEW HI/ORICAL LIFE4 

#add 

  

,! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ( ! B\RGEOISIE ?AT HAD JU/ SEIZ$ P[] WAS AT FIR/ CALL$ BY ITS [N NAME & ASSIGN$ AN ABSOLUTE ORIG93 ,YE> ,ONE ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,BUT ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY ( G5]AL FRE$OM ?AT HAD S]V$ TO OV]?R[ ! LA/ REMNANTS ( A MY?-BAS$ ORD]+ ( VALUES1 ALONG ) ALL ! TRADITIONAL =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 WAS ALREADY UNABLE TO COMPLETELY CONCEAL ! REAL GOAL ?AT IT HAD DRAP$ 9 ,ROMAN CO/UME3 UNRE/RICT$ FRE$OM ( TRADE4 ,COMMODITY SOCIETY1 DISCOV]+ ITS NE$ TO RE/ORE ! PASSIVITY ?AT IT HAD SO PR(\NDLY %AK5 9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% ITS [N UN*ALL5G$ RULE1 N[ F\ND ?AT1 = ITS PURPOSES1 0,*RI/IANITY ) ITS CULT ( MAN 9 ! AB/RACT 444 IS ! MO/ FITT+ =M ( RELIGION0 7,CAPITAL74 ,! B\RGEOISIE ?US 5T]$ 9TO A COMPROMISE ) ?AT RELIGION1 A COMPROMISE ALSO REFLECT$ 9 ITS PRES5TATION ( TIME3 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y CAL5D> WAS AB&ON$ & IRREV]SIBLE TIME RETURN$ TO ! /RAITJACKET ( A DULY EXT5D$ ,*RI/IAN ,]A4 

#ade 

  

,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 IRREV]SIBLE TIME HAS BECOME GLOBALLY UNIFI$4 ,UNIV]SAL HI/ORY BECOMES A REALITY BECAUSE ! 5TIRE WORLD IS BR\<T UND] ! SWAY ( ?IS TIME'S DEVELOPM5T4 ,BUT ?IS HI/ORY ?AT IS EV]Y:]E SIMULTANE\SLY ! SAME IS AS YET NO?+ BUT AN 9TRAHI/ORICAL REJECTION ( HI/ORY4 ,:AT APPE>S ! WORLD OV] AS ! SAME DAY IS M]ELY ! TIME ( ECONOMIC PRODUCTION1 TIME CUT UP 9TO EQUAL AB/RACT FRAGM5TS4 ,?IS UNIFI$ IRREV]SIBLE TIME BELONGS TO ! GLOBAL M>KET1 & ?US ALSO TO ! GLOBAL SPECTACLE4 

#adf 

  

,! IRREV]SIBLE TIME ( PRODUCTION IS FIR/ ( ALL ! MEASURE ( COMMODITIES4 ,! TIME (FICIALLY RECOGNIZ$ ?R\<\T ! WORLD AS ! G5]AL TIME ( SOCIETY ACTUALLY ONLY REFLECTS ! SPECIALIZ$ 9T]E/S ?AT CON/ITUTE IT1 & ?US IS M]ELY ONE P>TICUL> TYPE ( TIME4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#a1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,UPDAT$4 

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