,*APT] #c 
,UNITY & ,DIVISION ,)9 ,APPE>ANCES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,DEBORD 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #c3 ,UNITY & ,DIVISION ,)9 ,APPE>ANCES 

  
  

0,A LIVELY NEW POLEMIC AB\T ! CONCEPTS 'ONE DIVIDES 9TO TWO' & 'TWO FUZE 9TO ONE' IS UNFOLD+ ON ! PHILOSOPHICAL FRONT 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,?IS DEBATE IS A /RUGGLE BETWE5 ?OSE :O >E = & ?OSE :O >E AGA9/ ! MAT]IALI/ DIALECTIC1 A /RUGGLE BETWE5 TWO CONCEPTIONS ( ! WORLD3 ! PROLET>IAN CONCEPTION & ! B\RGEOIS CONCEPTION4 ,?OSE :O MA9TA9 ?AT 'ONE DIVIDES 9TO TWO' IS ! FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( ?+S >E ON ! SIDE ( ! MAT]IALI/ DIALECTIC2 ?OSE :O MA9TA9 ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( ?+S IS ?AT 'TWO FUZE 9TO ONE' >E AGA9/ ! MAT]IALI/ DIALECTIC4 ,! TWO SIDES HAVE DRAWN A CLE> L9E ( DEM>CATION BETWE5 !M1 & !IR >GUM5TS >E DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$4 ,?IS POLEMIC IS A REFLECTION1 ON ! IDEOLOGICAL LEVEL1 ( ! ACUTE & COMPLEX CLASS /RUGGLE TAK+ PLACE 9 ,*9A & 9 ! WORLD40  
  
  

,R$ ,FLAG 7,BEIJ+71 #ba ,SEPTEMB] #aifd  

#$ 

  

,! SPECTACLE1 LIKE MOD]N SOCIETY ITSELF1 IS AT ONCE UNIT$ & DIVID$4 ,! UNITY ( EA* IS BAS$ ON VIOL5T DIVISIONS4 ,BUT :5 ?IS CONTRADICTION EM]GES 9 ! SPECTACLE1 IT IS ITSELF CONTRADICT$ BY A REV]SAL ( ITS MEAN+3 ! DIVISION IT PRES5TS IS UNIT>Y1 :ILE ! UNITY IT PRES5TS IS DIVID$4 

#ee 

  

,AL?\< ! /RUGGLES BETWE5 DIFF]5T P[]S = CONTROL ( ! SAME SOCIO-ECONOMIC SY/EM >E (FICIALLY PRES5T$ AS IRRECONCILABLE ANTAGONISMS1 !Y ACTUALLY REFLECT ?AT SY/EM'S FUNDAM5TAL UNITY1 BO? 9T]NATIONALLY & )9 EA* NATION4 

#ef 

  

,! %AM SPECTACUL> /RUGGLES BETWE5 RIVAL =MS ( SEP>ATE P[] >E AT ! SAME TIME REAL1 9 ?AT !Y EXPRESS ! SY/EM'S UNEV5 & CONFLICTUAL DEVELOPM5T & ! MORE OR LESS CONTRADICTORY 9T]E/S ( ! CLASSES OR SECTIONS ( CLASSES ?AT ACCEPT ?AT SY/EM & /RIVE TO C>VE \T A ROLE = !MSELVES )9 IT4 ,JU/ AS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! MO/ ADVANC$ ECONOMIES 9VOLVES CLA%ES BETWE5 DIFF]5T PRIORITIES1 TOTALIT>IAN /ATE-BUREAUCRATIC =MS ( ECONOMIC MANAGEM5T & C\NTRIES UND] COLONIALISM OR SEMICOLONIALISM ALSO EXHIBIT HI<LY DIV]G5T TYPES ( PRODUCTION & P[]4 ,BY 9VOK+ ANY NUMB] ( DIFF]5T CRIT]IA1 ! SPECTACLE CAN PRES5T !SE OPPOSITIONS AS TOTALLY DI/9CT SOCIAL SY/EMS4 ,BUT 9 REALITY !Y >E NO?+ BUT P>TICUL> SECTORS :OSE FUNDAM5TAL ESS5CE LIES 9 ! GLOBAL SY/EM ?AT CONTA9S !M1 ! S+LE MOVEM5T ?AT HAS TURN$ ! :OLE PLANET 9TO ITS FIELD ( OP]ATION3 CAPITALISM4 

#eg 

  

,! SOCIETY ?AT BE>S ! SPECTACLE DOES NOT DOM9ATE UND]DEVELOP$ REGIONS SOLELY BY ITS ECONOMIC HEGEMONY4 ,IT ALSO DOM9ATES !M AS ! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,EV5 :]E ! MAT]IAL BASE IS /ILL ABS5T1 MOD]N SOCIETY HAS ALREADY US$ ! SPECTACLE TO 9VADE ! SOCIAL SURFACE ( EV]Y CONT95T4 ,IT SETS ! /AGE = ! =MATION ( 9DIG5\S RUL+ CLASSES & FRAMES !IR AG5DAS4 ,JU/ AS IT PRES5TS PSEUDOGOODS TO BE COVET$1 IT (F]S FALSE MODELS ( REVOLUTION TO LOCAL REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! BUREAUCRATIC REGIMES 9 P[] 9 C]TA9 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES HAVE !IR [N P>TICUL> TYPE ( SPECTACLE1 BUT IT IS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! TOTAL SPECTACLE1 S]V+ AS ITS PSEUDO-OPPOSITION & ACTUAL SUPPORT4 ,EV5 IF LOCAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! SPECTACLE 9CLUDE C]TA9 TOTALIT>IAN SPECIALIZATIONS ( SOCIAL COMMUNICATION & CONTROL1 FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! OV]ALL FUNCTION+ ( ! SY/EM ?OSE SPECIALIZATIONS >E SIMPLY PLAY+ !IR ALLOTT$ ROLE )9 A GLOBAL DIVISION ( SPECTACUL> TASKS4 

#eh 

  

,AL?\< ?IS DIVISION ( SPECTACUL> TASKS PRES]VES ! EXI/+ ORD] AS A :OLE1 IT IS PRIM>ILY ORI5T$ T[>D PROTECT+ ITS DOM9ANT POLE ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,! SPECTACLE IS ROOT$ 9 ! ECONOMY ( ABUNDANCE1 & ! PRODUCTS ( ?AT ECONOMY ULTIMATELY T5D TO DOM9ATE ! SPECTACUL> M>KET & OV]RIDE ! IDEOLOGICAL OR POLICE-/ATE PROTECTIONI/ B>RI]S SET UP BY LOCAL SPECTACLES ) PRET5SIONS ( 9DEP5D5CE4 

#ei 

  

,BEH9D ! GLITT] ( SPECTACUL> DI/RACTIONS1 A T5D5CY T[>D BANALIZATION DOM9ATES MOD]N SOCIETY ! WORLD OV]1 EV5 :]E ! MORE ADVANC$ =MS ( COMMODITY CONSUMPTION HAVE SEEM+LY MULTIPLI$ ! V>IETY ( ROLES & OBJECTS TO *OOSE FROM4 ,! VE/IGES ( RELIGION & ( ! FAMILY 7! LATT] IS /ILL ! PRIM>Y ME*ANISM = TRANSF]R+ CLASS P[] FROM ONE G5]ATION TO ! NEXT71 ALONG ) ! VE/IGES ( MORAL REPRESSION IMPOS$ BY ?OSE TWO 9/ITUTIONS1 CAN BE BL5D$ ) O/5TATI\S PRET5SIONS ( WORLDLY GRATIFICATION PRECISELY BECAUSE LIFE 9 ?IS P>TICUL> WORLD REMA9S REPRESSIVE & (F]S NO?+ BUT PSEUDO-GRATIFICATIONS4 ,COMPLAC5T ACCEPTANCE ( ! /ATUS QUO MAY ALSO COEXI/ ) PURELY SPECTACUL> REBELLI\SNESS -- DISSATISFACTION ITSELF BECOMES A COMMODITY AS SOON AS ! ECONOMY ( ABUNDANCE DEVELOPS ! CAPACITY TO PROCESS ?AT P>TICUL> RAW MAT]IAL4 

#f 

  

,/>S -- SPECTACUL> REPRES5TATIONS ( LIV+ HUMAN BE+S -- PROJECT ?IS G5]AL BANALITY 9TO IMAGES ( P]MITT$ ROLES4 ,AS SPECIALI/S ( APP>5T LIFE1 />S S]VE AS SUP]FICIAL OBJECTS ?AT PEOPLE CAN ID5TIFY ) 9 ORD] TO COMP5SATE = ! FRAGM5T$ PRODUCTIVE SPECIALIZATIONS ?AT !Y ACTUALLY LIVE4 ,! FUNCTION ( !SE CELEBRITIES IS TO ACT \T V>I\S LIFE/YLES OR SOCIOPOLITICAL VIEWPO9TS 9 A FULL1 TOTALLY FREE MANN]4 ,!Y EMBODY ! 9ACCESSIBLE RESULTS ( SOCIAL LABOR BY DRAMATIZ+ ! BYPRODUCTS ( ?AT LABOR :I* >E MAGICALLY PROJECT$ ABOVE IT AS ITS ULTIMATE GOALS3 P[] & VACATIONS -- ! DECISIONMAK+ & CONSUMPTION ?AT >E AT ! BEG9N+ & ! 5D ( A PROCESS ?AT IS NEV] QUE/ION$4 ,ON ONE H&1 A GOV]NM5TAL P[] MAY P]SONALIZE ITSELF AS A PSEUDO/>2 ON ! O!R1 A /> ( CONSUMPTION MAY CAMPAIGN = RECOGNITION AS A PSEUDOP[] OV] LIFE4 ,BUT ! ACTIVITIES ( !SE />S >E NOT REALLY FREE1 & !Y (F] NO REAL *OICES4 

#fa 

  

,! AG5T ( ! SPECTACLE :O IS PUT ON /AGE AS A /> IS ! OPPOSITE ( AN 9DIVIDUAL2 HE IS AS CLE>LY ! 5EMY ( HIS [N 9DIVIDUALITY AS ( ! 9DIVIDUALITY ( O!RS4 ,5T]+ ! SPECTACLE AS A MODEL TO BE ID5TIFI$ )1 HE R5\NCES ALL AUTONOM\S QUALITIES 9 ORD] TO ID5TIFY HIMSELF ) ! G5]AL LAW ( OB$I5CE TO ! SUCCESSION ( ?+S4 ,! />S ( CONSUMPTION1 ?\< \TW>DLY REPRES5T+ DIFF]5T P]SONALITY TYPES1 ACTUALLY %[ EA* ( !SE TYPES 5JOY+ EQUAL ACCESS TO1 & D]IV+ EQUAL HAPP9ESS FROM1 ! 5TIRE REALM ( CONSUMPTION4 ,! />S ( DECISIONMAK+ MU/ POSSESS ! FULL RANGE ( ADMIR$ HUMAN QUALITIES3 (FICIAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 !M >E ?US CANCEL$ \T BY ! (FICIAL SIMIL>ITY IMPLI$ BY !IR SUPPOS$ EXCELL5CE 9 EV]Y FIELD ( 5DEAVOR4 ,AS HEAD ( /ATE1 ,KHRU%*EV RETROSPECTIVELY BECAME A G5]AL SO AS TO TAKE CR$IT = ! VICTORY ( ! BATTLE ( ,KURSK TW5TY YE>S AFT] IT HAPP5$4 ,& ,K5N$Y SURVIV$ AS AN ORATOR TO ! PO9T ( DELIV]+ HIS [N FUN]AL ORATION1 S9CE ,!ODORE ,SOR5SON CONT9U$ TO WRITE SPEE*ES = HIS SUCCESSOR 9 ! SAME /YLE ?AT HAD CONTRIBUT$ SO MU* T[>D ! DEAD MAN'S PUBLIC P]SONA4 ,! ADMIRABLE PEOPLE :O P]SONIFY ! SY/EM >E WELL KN[N = NOT BE+ :AT !Y SEEM2 !Y ATTA9 GREATNESS BY /OOP+ BEL[ ! REALITY ( ! MO/ 9SIGNIFICANT 9DIVIDUAL LIFE1 & EV]YONE KN[S IT4 

#fb 

  

,! FALSE *OICES (F]$ BY SPECTACUL> ABUNDANCE -- *OICES BAS$ ON ! JUXTAPOSITION ( COMPET+ YET MUTUALLY RE9=C+ SPECTACLES & ( DI/9CT YET 9T]CONNECT$ ROLES 7SIGNIFI$ & EMBODI$ PRIM>ILY BY OBJECTS7 -- DEVELOP 9TO /RUGGLES BETWE5 ILLUSORY QUALITIES DESIGN$ TO G5]ATE F]V5T ALLEGIANCE TO QUANTITATIVE TRIVIALITIES4 ,FALLACI\S >*AIC OPPOSITIONS >E REVIV$ -- REGIONALISMS & RACISMS :I* S]VE TO 5D[ MUNDANE RANK+S 9 ! HI]>*IES ( CONSUMPTION ) A MAGICAL ONTOLOGICAL SUP]IORITY -- & PSEUDOPLAYFUL 5?USIASMS >E >\S$ BY AN 5DLESS SUCCESSION ( LUDICR\S COMPETITIONS1 FROM SPORTS TO ELECTIONS4 ,:]EV] ABUNDANT CONSUMPTION IS E/ABLI%$1 ONE P>TICUL> SPECTACUL> OPPOSITION IS ALWAYS 9 ! =EFRONT ( ILLUSORY ROLES3 ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 Y\? & ADULTS4 ,BUT REAL ADULTS -- PEOPLE :O >E MA/]S ( !IR [N LIVES -- >E 9 FACT NO:]E TO BE F\ND4 ,& A Y\?FUL TRANS=MATION ( :AT EXI/S IS 9 NO WAY *>ACT]I/IC ( ?OSE :O >E N[ Y\NG2 IT IS PRES5T SOLELY 9 ! ECONOMIC SY/EM1 9 ! DYNAMISM ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS ?+S ?AT RULE & ?AT >E Y\NG1 VY+ ) EA* O!R & CON/ANTLY REPLAC+ EA* O!R4 

#fc 

  

,SPECTACUL> OPPOSITIONS CONCEAL ! UNITY ( POV]TY4 ,IF DIFF]5T =MS ( ! SAME ALI5ATION /RUGGLE AGA9/ EA* O!R 9 ! GUISE ( IRRECONCILABLE ANTAGONISMS1 ?IS IS BECAUSE !Y >E ALL BAS$ ON REAL CONTRADICTIONS ?AT >E REPRESS$4 ,! SPECTACLE EXI/S 9 A CONC5TRAT$ =M & A DIFFUSE =M1 DEP5D+ ON ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! P>TICUL> /AGE ( POV]TY IT D5IES & SUPPORTS4 ,9 BO? CASES IT IS NO?+ MORE ?AN AN IMAGE ( HAPPY H>MONY SURR\ND$ BY DESOLATION & HORROR1 AT ! CALM C5T] ( MIS]Y4 

#fd 

  

,! CONC5TRAT$ SPECTACLE IS PRIM>ILY ASSOCIAT$ ) BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALISM1 ?\< IT MAY ALSO BE IMPORT$ AS A TE*NIQUE = RE9=C+ /ATE P[] 9 MORE BACKW>D MIX$ ECONOMIES OR EV5 ADOPT$ BY ADVANC$ CAPITALISM DUR+ C]TA9 MOM5TS ( CRISIS4 ,BUREAUCRATIC PROP]TY IS ITSELF CONC5TRAT$1 9 ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL BUREAUCRAT TAKES P>T 9 ! [N]%IP ( ! 5TIRE ECONOMY ONLY ?R\< HIS MEMB]%IP 9 ! COMMUNITY ( BUREAUCRATS4 ,& S9CE COMMODITY PRODUCTION IS LESS DEVELOP$ UND] BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALISM1 IT TOO TAKES ON A CONC5TRAT$ =M3 ! COMMODITY ! BUREAUCRACY APPROPRIATES IS ! TOTAL SOCIAL LABOR1 & :AT IT SELLS BACK TO ! SOCIETY IS ?AT SOCIETY'S :OLESALE SURVIVAL4 ,! DICTATOR%IP ( ! BUREAUCRATIC ECONOMY CANNOT LEAVE ! EXPLOIT$ MASSES ANY SIGNIFICANT M>G9 ( *OICE BECAUSE IT HAS HAD TO MAKE ALL ! *OICES ITSELF1 & ANY *OICE MADE 9DEP5D5TLY ( IT1 :E!R REG>D+ FOOD OR MUSIC OR ANY?+ ELSE1 ?US AM\NTS TO A DECL>ATION ( W> AGA9/ IT4 ,?IS DICTATOR%IP MU/ BE 5=C$ BY P]MAN5T VIOL5CE4 ,ITS SPECTACLE IMPOSES AN IMAGE ( ! GOOD :I* SUBSUMES EV]Y?+ ?AT (FICIALLY EXI/S1 AN IMAGE :I* IS USUALLY CONC5TRAT$ 9 A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL1 ! GU>ANTOR ( ! SY/EM'S TOTALIT>IAN COHESION4 ,EV]YONE MU/ MAGICALLY ID5TIFY ) ?IS ABSOLUTE /> OR DISAPPE>4 ,?IS MA/] ( EV]YONE ELSE'S NONCONSUMPTION IS ! H]OIC IMAGE ?AT DISGUISES ! ABSOLUTE EXPLOITATION 5TAIL$ BY ! SY/EM ( PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION ACCEL]AT$ BY T]ROR4 ,IF ! 5TIRE ,*9ESE POPULATION HAS TO /UDY ,MAO TO ! PO9T ( ID5TIFY+ ) ,MAO1 ?IS IS BECAUSE !RE IS NO?+ ELSE !Y CAN BE4 ,! DOM9ION ( ! CONC5TRAT$ SPECTACLE IS A POLICE /ATE4 

#fe 

  

,! DIFFUSE SPECTACLE IS ASSOCIAT$ ) COMMODITY ABUNDANCE1 ) ! UNDI/URB$ DEVELOPM5T ( MOD]N CAPITALISM4 ,H]E EA* 9DIVIDUAL COMMODITY IS JU/IFI$ 9 ! NAME ( ! GR&EUR ( ! TOTAL COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 ( :I* ! SPECTACLE IS A LAUDATORY CATALOG4 ,IRRECONCILABLE CLAIMS JOCKEY = POSITION ON ! /AGE ( ! AFFLU5T ECONOMY'S UNIFI$ SPECTACLE1 & DIFF]5T /> COMMODITIES SIMULTANE\SLY PROMOTE CONFLICT+ SOCIAL POLICIES4 ,! AUTOMOBILE SPECTACLE1 = EXAMPLE1 /RIVES = A P]FECT TRAFFIC FL[ 5TAIL+ ! DE/RUCTION ( OLD URBAN DI/RICTS1 :ILE ! CITY SPECTACLE NE$S TO PRES]VE ?OSE DI/RICTS AS T\RI/ ATTRACTIONS4 ,! ALREADY DUBI\S SATISFACTION ALLEG$ TO BE OBTA9$ FROM ! CONSUMPTION ( ! :OLE IS ?US CON/ANTLY BE+ DISAPPO9T$ BECAUSE ! ACTUAL CONSUM] CAN DIRECTLY ACCESS ONLY A SUCCESSION ( FRAGM5TS ( ?IS COMMODITY HEAV51 FRAGM5TS :I* 9V>IABLY LACK ! QUALITY ATTRIBUT$ TO ! :OLE4 

#ff 

  

,EA* 9DIVIDUAL COMMODITY FI<TS = ITSELF4 ,IT AVOIDS ACKN[L$G+ ! O!RS & /RIVES TO IMPOSE ITSELF EV]Y:]E AS IF IT W]E ! ONLY ONE 9 EXI/5CE4 ,! SPECTACLE IS ! EPIC POEM ( ?IS /RUGGLE1 A /RUGGLE ?AT NO FALL ( ,TROY CAN BR+ TO AN 5D4 ,! SPECTACLE DOES NOT S+ ( M5 & !IR >MS1 BUT ( COMMODITIES & !IR PASSIONS4 ,9 ?IS BL9D /RUGGLE EA* COMMODITY1 BY PURSU+ ITS [N PASSION1 UNCONSCI\SLY G5]ATES SOME?+ BEYOND ITSELF3 ! GLOBALIZATION ( ! COMMODITY 7:I* ALSO AM\NTS TO ! COMMODIFICATION ( ! GLOBE74 ,?US1 AS A RESULT ( ! CUNN+ ( ! COMMODITY1 :ILE EA* P>TICUL> MANIFE/ATION ( ! COMMODITY EV5TUALLY FALLS 9 BATTLE1 ! G5]AL COMMODITY-=M CONT9UES ONW>D T[>D ITS ABSOLUTE REALIZATION4 

#fg 

  

,! SATISFACTION ?AT NO LONG] COMES FROM US+ ! COMMODITIES PRODUC$ 9 ABUNDANCE IS N[ S\<T ?R\< RECOGNITION ( !IR VALUE AS COMMODITIES4 ,CONSUM]S >E FILL$ ) RELIGI\S F]VOR = ! SOV]EIGN FRE$OM ( COMMODITIES :OSE USE HAS BECOME AN 5D 9 ITSELF4 ,WAVES ( 5?USIASM = P>TICUL> PRODUCTS >E PROPAGAT$ BY ALL ! COMMUNICATIONS M$IA4 ,A FILM SP>KS A FA%ION CRAZE2 A MAGAZ9E PUBLICIZES NI<T SPOTS :I* 9 TURN SP9 (F DIFF]5T L9ES ( PRODUCTS4 ,! PROLIF]ATION ( FADDI% GADGETS REFLECTS ! FACT ?AT AS ! MASS ( COMMODITIES BECOMES 9CREAS+LY ABSURD1 ABSURDITY ITSELF BECOMES A COMMODITY4 ,TR9KETS SU* AS KEY *A9S :I* COME AS FREE BONUSES ) ! PUR*ASE ( SOME LUXURY PRODUCT1 BUT :I* 5D UP BE+ TRAD$ BACK & =? AS VALU$ COLLECTIBLES 9 !IR [N RI<T1 REFLECT A MY/ICAL SELF-AB&ONM5T TO COMMODITY TRANSC5D5CE4 ,?OSE :O COLLECT ! TR9KETS ?AT HAVE BE5 MANUFACTUR$ = ! SOLE PURPOSE ( BE+ COLLECT$ >E ACCUMULAT+ COMMODITY 9DULG5CES -- GLORI\S TOK5S ( ! COMMODITY'S REAL PRES5CE AMONG ! FAI?FUL4 ,REIFI$ PEOPLE PR\DLY DISPLAY ! PRO(S ( !IR 9TIMACY ) ! COMMODITY4 ,LIKE ! OLD RELIGI\S FETI%ISM1 ) ITS CONVULSION>Y RAPTURES & MIRACUL\S CURES1 ! FETI%ISM ( COMMODITIES G5]ATES ITS [N MOM5TS ( F]V5T EXALTATION4 ,ALL ?IS IS USEFUL = ONLY ONE PURPOSE3 PRODUC+ HABITUAL SUBMISSION4 

#fh 

  

,! PSEUDONE$S IMPOS$ BY MOD]N CONSUM]ISM CANNOT BE OPPOS$ BY ANY G5U9E NE$S OR DESIRES ?AT >E NOT !MSELVES ALSO %AP$ BY SOCIETY & ITS HI/ORY4 ,BUT COMMODITY ABUNDANCE REPRES5TS A TOTAL BREAK 9 ! ORGANIC DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIAL NE$S4 ,ITS ME*ANICAL ACCUMULATION UNLEA%ES AN UNLIMIT$ >TIFICIALITY :I* OV]P[]S ANY LIV+ DESIRE4 ,! CUMULATIVE P[] ( ?IS AUTONOM\S >TIFICIALITY 5DS UP BY FALSIFY+ ALL SOCIAL LIFE4 

#fi 

  

,! IMAGE ( BLISSFUL SOCIAL UNIFICATION ?R\< CONSUMPTION M]ELY PO/PONES ! CONSUM]'S AW>5ESS ( ! ACTUAL DIVISIONS UNTIL HIS NEXT DISILLUSIONM5T ) SOME P>TICUL> COMMODITY4 ,EA* NEW PRODUCT IS C]EMONI\SLY ACCLAIM$ AS A UNIQUE CREATION (F]+ A DRAMATIC %ORTCUT TO ! PROMIS$ L& ( TOTAL CONSUMMATION4 ,BUT AS ) ! FA%IONABLE ADOPTION ( SEEM+LY >I/OCRATIC FIR/ NAMES :I* 5D UP BE+ GIV5 TO VIRTUALLY ALL 9DIVIDUALS ( ! SAME AGE1 ! OBJECTS ?AT PROMISE UNIQU5ESS CAN BE (F]$ UP = MASS CONSUMPTION ONLY IF !Y HAVE BE5 MASS-PRODUC$4 ,! PRE/IGI\SNESS ( M$IOCRE OBJECTS ( ?IS K9D IS SOLELY DUE TO ! FACT ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 PLAC$1 H[EV] BRIEFLY1 AT ! C5T] ( SOCIAL LIFE & HAIL$ AS A REVELATION ( ! UNFA?OMABLE PURPOSES ( PRODUCTION4 ,BUT ! OBJECT ?AT WAS PRE/IGI\S 9 ! SPECTACLE BECOMES MUNDANE AS SOON AS IT IS TAK5 HOME BY ITS CONSUM] -- & BY ALL ITS O!R CONSUM]S4 ,TOO LATE1 IT REVEALS ITS ESS5TIAL POV]TY1 A POV]TY ?AT 9EVITABLY REFLECTS ! POV]TY ( ITS PRODUCTION4 ,MEAN:ILE1 SOME O!R OBJECT IS ALREADY REPLAC+ IT AS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! SY/EM & DEM&+ ITS [N MOM5T ( ACCLAIM4 

#g 

  

,! FRAUDUL5CE ( ! SATISFACTIONS (F]$ BY ! SY/EM IS EXPOS$ BY ?IS CONT9UAL REPLACEM5T ( PRODUCTS & ( G5]AL CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 BO? ! DIFFUSE & ! CONC5TRAT$ SPECTACLE1 5TITIES ?AT HAVE BRAZ5LY ASS]T$ !IR DEF9ITIVE P]FECTION NEV]!LESS 5D UP *ANG+1 & ONLY ! SY/EM 5DURES4 ,/AL91 LIKE ANY O!R \TMOD$ COMMODITY1 IS D5\NC$ BY ! V]Y =CES ?AT ORIG9ALLY PROMOT$ HIM4 ,EA* NEW LIE ( ! ADV]TIS+ 9DU/RY IS AN ADMISSION ( ITS PREVI\S LIE4 ,& ) EA* D[NFALL ( A P]SONIFICATION ( TOTALIT>IAN P[]1 ! ILLUSORY COMMUNITY ?AT HAD UNANIM\SLY APPROV$ HIM IS EXPOS$ AS A M]E CONGLOM]ATION ( LON]S )\T ILLUSIONS4 

#ga 

  

,! ?+S ! SPECTACLE PRES5TS AS ET]NAL >E BAS$ ON *ANGE1 & MU/ *ANGE AS !IR F\NDATIONS *ANGE4 ,! SPECTACLE IS TOTALLY DOGMATIC1 YET IT IS 9CAPABLE ( >RIV+ AT ANY REALLY SOLID DOGMA4 ,NO?+ /&S /ILL = IT4 ,?IS 9/ABILITY IS ! SPECTACLE'S NATURAL CONDITION1 BUT IT IS COMPLETELY CONTR>Y TO ITS NATURAL 9CL9ATION4 

#gb 

  

,! UNREAL UNITY PROCLAIM$ BY ! SPECTACLE MASKS ! CLASS DIVISION UND]LY+ ! REAL UNITY ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,:AT OBLIGES ! PRODUC]S TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! WORLD IS ALSO :AT EXCLUDES !M FROM IT4 ,:AT BR+S PEOPLE 9TO RELATION ) EA* O!R BY LIB]AT+ !M FROM !IR LOCAL & NATIONAL LIMITATIONS IS ALSO :AT KEEPS !M AP>T4 ,:AT REQUIRES 9CREAS$ RATIONALITY IS ALSO :AT N\RI%ES ! IRRATIONALITY ( HI]>*ICAL EXPLOITATION & REPRESSION4 ,:AT PRODUCES SOCIETY'S AB/RACT P[] ALSO PRODUCES ITS CONCRETE LACK ( FRE$OM4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,UPDAT$4 

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