,*APT] #a 
,! ,CULM9ATION ( ,SEP>ATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GUY ,DEBORD 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a3 ,! ,CULM9ATION ( ,SEP>ATION 

  
  

0,BUT = ! PRES5T AGE1 :I* PREF]S ! SIGN TO ! ?+ SIGNIFI$1 ! COPY TO ! ORIG9AL1 REPRES5TATION TO REALITY1 APPE>ANCE TO ESS5CE 444 TRU? IS CONSID]$ PR(ANE1 & ONLY ILLUSION IS SACR$4 ,SACR$NESS IS 9 FACT HELD TO BE 5HANC$ 9 PROPORTION AS TRU? DECREASES & ILLUSION 9CREASES1 SO ?AT ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( ILLUSION COMES TO BE ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( SACR$NESS40  
  
  

,FEU]BA*1 ,PREFACE TO ! SECOND $ITION ( ,! ,ESS5CE ( ,*RI/IANITY   

#a 

  

,9 SOCIETIES DOM9AT$ BY MOD]N CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION1 LIFE IS PRES5T$ AS AN IMM5SE ACCUMULATION ( SPECTACLES4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT WAS DIRECTLY LIV$ HAS REC$$ 9TO A REPRES5TATION4 

#b 

  

,! IMAGES DETA*$ FROM EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE M]GE 9TO A COMMON /REAM 9 :I* ! UNITY ( ?AT LIFE CAN NO LONG] BE RECOV]$4 ,FRAGM5T$ VIEWS ( REALITY REGR\P !MSELVES 9TO A NEW UNITY AS A SEP>ATE PSEUD[ORLD ?AT CAN ONLY BE LOOK$ AT4 ,! SPECIALIZATION ( IMAGES ( ! WORLD EVOLVES 9TO A WORLD ( AUTONOMIZ$ IMAGES :]E EV5 ! DECEIV]S >E DECEIV$4 ,! SPECTACLE IS A CONCRETE 9V]SION ( LIFE1 AN AUTONOM\S MOVEM5T ( ! NONLIV+4 

#c 

  

,! SPECTACLE PRES5TS ITSELF SIMULTANE\SLY AS SOCIETY ITSELF1 AS A P>T ( SOCIETY1 & AS A MEANS ( UNIFICATION4 ,AS A P>T ( SOCIETY1 IT IS ! FOCAL PO9T ( ALL VISION & ALL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,BUT DUE TO ! V]Y FACT ?AT ?IS SECTOR IS SEP>ATE1 IT IS 9 REALITY ! DOMA9 ( DELUSION & FALSE CONSCI\SNESS3 ! UNIFICATION IT A*IEVES IS NO?+ BUT AN (FICIAL LANGUAGE ( UNIV]SAL SEP>ATION4 

#d 

  

,! SPECTACLE IS NOT A COLLECTION ( IMAGES2 IT IS A SOCIAL RELATION BETWE5 PEOPLE ?AT IS M$IAT$ BY IMAGES4 

#e 

  

,! SPECTACLE CANNOT BE UND]/OOD AS A M]E VISUAL EXCESS PRODUC$ BY MASS-M$IA TE*NOLOGIES4 ,IT IS A WORLDVIEW ?AT HAS ACTUALLY BE5 MAT]IALIZ$1 A VIEW ( A WORLD ?AT HAS BECOME OBJECTIVE4 

#f 

  

,UND]/OOD 9 ITS TOTALITY1 ! SPECTACLE IS BO? ! RESULT & ! PROJECT ( ! DOM9ANT MODE ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS NOT A M]E DECORATION ADD$ TO ! REAL WORLD4 ,IT IS ! V]Y HE>T ( ?IS REAL SOCIETY'S UNREALITY4 ,9 ALL ( ITS P>TICUL> MANIFE/ATIONS -- NEWS1 PROPAG&A1 ADV]TIS+1 5T]TA9M5T -- ! SPECTACLE REPRES5TS ! DOM9ANT MODEL ( LIFE4 ,IT IS ! OMNIPRES5T AFFIRMATION ( ! *OICES ?AT HAVE ALREADY BE5 MADE 9 ! SPH]E ( PRODUCTION & 9 ! CONSUMPTION IMPLI$ BY ?AT PRODUCTION4 ,9 BO? =M & CONT5T ! SPECTACLE S]VES AS A TOTAL JU/IFICATION ( ! CONDITIONS & GOALS ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM4 ,! SPECTACLE ALSO REPRES5TS ! CON/ANT PRES5CE ( ?IS JU/IFICATION S9CE IT MONOPOLIZES ! MAJORITY ( ! TIME SP5T \TSIDE ! PRODUCTION PROCESS4 

#g 

  

,SEP>ATION IS ITSELF AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! UNITY ( ?IS WORLD1 ( A GLOBAL SOCIAL PRACTICE SPLIT 9TO REALITY & IMAGE4 ,! SOCIAL PRACTICE CONFRONT$ BY AN AUTONOM\S SPECTACLE IS AT ! SAME TIME ! REAL TOTALITY :I* CONTA9S ?AT SPECTACLE4 ,BUT ! SPLIT )9 ?IS TOTALITY MUTILATES IT TO ! PO9T ?AT ! SPECTACLE SEEMS TO BE ITS GOAL4 ,! LANGUAGE ( ! SPECTACLE CONSI/S ( SIGNS ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM ( PRODUCTION -- SIGNS :I* >E AT ! SAME TIME ! ULTIMATE 5D-PRODUCTS ( ?AT SY/EM4 

#h 

  

,! SPECTACLE CANNOT BE AB/RACTLY CONTRA/$ TO CONCRETE SOCIAL ACTIVITY4 ,EA* SIDE ( SU* A DUALITY IS ITSELF DIVID$4 ,! SPECTACLE ?AT FALSIFIES REALITY IS NEV]!LESS A REAL PRODUCT ( ?AT REALITY4 ,CONV]SELY1 REAL LIFE IS MAT]IALLY 9VAD$ BY ! CONTEMPLATION ( ! SPECTACLE1 & 5DS UP ABSORB+ IT & ALIGN+ ITSELF ) IT4 ,OBJECTIVE REALITY IS PRES5T ON BO? SIDES4 ,EA* ( !SE SEEM+LY FIX$ CONCEPTS HAS NO O!R BASIS ?AN ITS TRANS=MATION 9TO ITS OPPOSITE3 REALITY EM]GES )9 ! SPECTACLE1 & ! SPECTACLE IS REAL4 ,?IS RECIPROCAL ALI5ATION IS ! ESS5CE & SUPPORT ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY4 

#i 

  

,9 A WORLD ?AT IS REALLY UPSIDE D[N1 ! TRUE IS A MOM5T ( ! FALSE4 

#a 

  

,! CONCEPT ( 0! SPECTACLE0 9T]RELATES & EXPLA9S A WIDE RANGE ( SEEM+LY UNCONNECT$ PH5OM5A4 ,! APP>5T DIV]SITIES & CONTRA/S ( !SE PH5OM5A /EM FROM ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( APPE>ANCES1 :OSE ESS5TIAL NATURE MU/ ITSELF BE RECOGNIZ$4 ,CONSID]$ 9 ITS [N T]MS1 ! SPECTACLE IS AN AFFIRMATION ( APPE>ANCES & AN ID5TIFICATION ( ALL HUMAN SOCIAL LIFE ) APPE>ANCES4 ,BUT A CRITIQUE ?AT GRASPS ! SPECTACLE'S ESS5TIAL *>ACT] REVEALS IT TO BE A VISIBLE NEGATION ( LIFE -- A NEGATION ?AT HAS TAK5 ON A VISIBLE =M4 

#aa 

  

,9 ORD] TO DESCRIBE ! SPECTACLE1 ITS =MATION1 ITS FUNCTIONS1 & ! =CES ?AT WORK AGA9/ IT1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO MAKE SOME >TIFICIAL DI/9CTIONS4 ,9 ANALYZ+ ! SPECTACLE WE >E OBLIG$ TO A C]TA9 EXT5T TO USE ! SPECTACLE'S [N LANGUAGE1 9 ! S5SE ?AT WE HAVE TO OP]ATE ON ! ME?ODOLOGICAL T]RA9 ( ! SOCIETY ?AT EXPRESSES ITSELF 9 ! SPECTACLE4 ,= ! SPECTACLE IS BO? ! MEAN+ & ! AG5DA ( \R P>TICUL> SOCIO-ECONOMIC =MATION4 ,IT IS ! HI/ORICAL MOM5T 9 :I* WE >E CAU<T4 

#ab 

  

,! SPECTACLE PRES5TS ITSELF AS A VA/ 9ACCESSIBLE REALITY ?AT CAN NEV] BE QUE/ION$4 ,ITS SOLE MESSAGE IS3 0,:AT APPE>S IS GOOD2 :AT IS GOOD APPE>S40 ,! PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE IT DEM&S IS ALREADY EFFECTIVELY IMPOS$ BY ITS MONOPOLY ( APPE>ANCES1 ITS MANN] ( APPE>+ )\T ALL[+ ANY REPLY4 

#ac 

  

,! TAUTOLOGICAL *>ACT] ( ! SPECTACLE /EMS FROM ! FACT ?AT ITS MEANS & 5DS >E ID5TICAL4 ,IT IS ! SUN ?AT NEV] SETS OV] ! EMPIRE ( MOD]N PASSIVITY4 ,IT COV]S ! 5TIRE SURFACE ( ! GLOBE1 5DLESSLY BASK+ 9 ITS [N GLORY4 

#ad 

  

,! SOCIETY BAS$ ON MOD]N 9DU/RY IS NOT ACCID5TALLY OR SUP]FICIALLY SPECTACUL>1 IT IS FUNDAM5TALLY SPECTACLI/4 ,9 ! SPECTACLE -- ! VISUAL REFLECTION ( ! RUL+ ECONOMIC ORD] -- GOALS >E NO?+1 DEVELOPM5T IS EV]Y?+4 ,! SPECTACLE AIMS AT NO?+ O!R ?AN ITSELF4 

#ae 

  

,AS 9DISP5SABLE EMBELLI%M5T ( CURR5TLY PRODUC$ OBJECTS1 AS G5]AL >TICULATION ( ! SY/EM'S RATIONALES1 & AS ADVANC$ ECONOMIC SECTOR ?AT DIRECTLY CREATES AN EV]-9CREAS+ MASS ( IMAGE-OBJECTS1 ! SPECTACLE IS ! LEAD+ PRODUCTION ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY4 

#af 

  

,! SPECTACLE IS ABLE TO SUBJECT HUMAN BE+S TO ITSELF BECAUSE ! ECONOMY HAS ALREADY TOTALLY SUBJUGAT$ !M4 ,IT IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! ECONOMY DEVELOP+ = ITSELF4 ,IT IS AT ONCE A FAI?FUL REFLECTION ( ! PRODUCTION ( ?+S & A DI/ORT+ OBJECTIFICATION ( ! PRODUC]S4 

#ag 

  

,! FIR/ /AGE ( ! ECONOMY'S DOM9ATION ( SOCIAL LIFE BR\<T AB\T AN EVID5T DEGRADATION ( BE+ 9TO HAV+ -- HUMAN FULFILLM5T WAS NO LONG] EQUAT$ ) :AT ONE WAS1 BUT ) :AT ONE POSSESS$4 ,! PRES5T /AGE1 9 :I* SOCIAL LIFE HAS BECOME COMPLETELY DOM9AT$ BY ! ACCUMULAT$ PRODUCTIONS ( ! ECONOMY1 IS BR++ AB\T A G5]AL %IFT FROM HAV+ TO APPE>+ -- ALL 0HAV+0 MU/ N[ D]IVE ITS IMM$IATE PRE/IGE & ITS ULTIMATE PURPOSE FROM APPE>ANCES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ALL 9DIVIDUAL REALITY HAS BECOME SOCIAL1 9 ! S5SE ?AT IT IS %AP$ BY SOCIAL =CES & IS DIRECTLY DEP5D5T ON !M4 ,9DIVIDUAL REALITY IS ALL[$ TO APPE> ONLY IF IT IS NOT ACTUALLY REAL4 

#ah 

  

,:5 ! REAL WORLD IS TRANS=M$ 9TO M]E IMAGES1 M]E IMAGES BECOME REAL BE+S -- DYNAMIC FIGM5TS ?AT PROVIDE ! DIRECT MOTIVATIONS = A HYPNOTIC BEHAVIOR4 ,S9CE ! SPECTACLE'S JOB IS TO USE V>I\S SPECIALIZ$ M$IATIONS 9 ORD] TO %[ US A WORLD ?AT CAN NO LONG] BE DIRECTLY GRASP$1 IT NATURALLY ELEVATES ! S5SE ( SI<T TO ! SPECIAL PREEM95CE ONCE OCCUPI$ BY T\*3 ! MO/ AB/RACT & EASILY DECEIV$ S5SE IS ! MO/ READILY ADAPTABLE TO ! G5]ALIZ$ AB/RACTION ( PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY4 ,BUT ! SPECTACLE IS NOT M]ELY A MATT] ( IMAGES1 NOR EV5 ( IMAGES PLUS S\NDS4 ,IT IS :ATEV] ESCAPES PEOPLE'S ACTIVITY1 :ATEV] ELUDES !IR PRACTICAL RECONSID]ATION & CORRECTION4 ,IT IS ! OPPOSITE ( DIALOGUE4 ,:]EV] REPRES5TATION BECOMES 9DEP5D5T1 ! SPECTACLE REG5]ATES ITSELF4 

#ai 

  

,! SPECTACLE 9H]ITS ! WEAKNESS ( ! ,WE/]N PHILOSOPHICAL PROJECT1 :I* ATTEMPT$ TO UND]/& ACTIVITY BY MEANS ( ! CATEGORIES ( VISION1 & IT IS BAS$ ON ! REL5TLESS DEVELOPM5T ( ! P>TICUL> TE*NICAL RATIONALITY ?AT GREW \T ( ?AT =M ( ?\<T4 ,! SPECTACLE DOES NOT REALIZE PHILOSOPHY1 IT PHILOSOPHIZES REALITY1 R$UC+ EV]YONE'S CONCRETE LIFE TO A UNIV]SE ( SPECULATION4 

#b 

  

,PHILOSOPHY -- ! P[] ( SEP>ATE ?\<T & ! ?\<T ( SEP>ATE P[] -- WAS NEV] BY ITSELF ABLE TO SUP]S$E !OLOGY4 ,! SPECTACLE IS ! MAT]IAL RECON/RUCTION ( ! RELIGI\S ILLUSION4 ,SPECTACUL> TE*NOLOGY HAS NOT DISP]S$ ! RELIGI\S MI/S 9TO :I* HUMAN BE+S HAD PROJECT$ !IR [N ALI5AT$ P[]S1 IT HAS M]ELY BR\<T ?OSE MI/S D[N TO E>?1 TO ! PO9T ?AT EV5 ! MO/ MUNDANE ASPECTS ( LIFE HAVE BECOME IMP5ETRABLE & UNBREA?ABLE4 ,! ILLUSORY P>ADISE ?AT REPRES5T$ A TOTAL D5IAL ( E>?LY LIFE IS NO LONG] PROJECT$ 9TO ! HEAV5S1 IT IS EMB$D$ 9 E>?LY LIFE ITSELF4 ,! SPECTACLE IS ! TE*NOLOGICAL V]SION ( ! EXIL+ ( HUMAN P[]S 9TO A 0WORLD BEYOND02 ! CULM9ATION ( HUMANITY'S 9T]NAL SEP>ATION4 

#ba 

  

,AS LONG AS NECESSITY IS SOCIALLY DREAM$1 DREAM+ WILL REMA9 A SOCIAL NECESSITY4 ,! SPECTACLE IS ! BAD DREAM ( A MOD]N SOCIETY 9 *A9S & ULTIMATELY EXPRESSES NO?+ MORE ?AN ITS WI% = SLEEP4 ,! SPECTACLE IS ! GU>DIAN ( ?AT SLEEP4 

#bb 

  

,! FACT ?AT ! PRACTICAL P[] ( MOD]N SOCIETY HAS DETA*$ ITSELF FROM ?AT SOCIETY & E/ABLI%$ AN 9DEP5D5T REALM 9 ! SPECTACLE CAN BE EXPLA9$ ONLY BY ! ADDITIONAL FACT ?AT ?AT P[]FUL PRACTICE CONT9U$ TO LACK COHESION & HAD REMA9$ 9 CONTRADICTION ) ITSELF4 

#bc 

  

,! ROOT ( ! SPECTACLE IS ?AT OLDE/ ( ALL SOCIAL SPECIALIZATIONS1 ! SPECIALIZATION ( P[]4 ,! SPECTACLE PLAYS ! SPECIALIZ$ ROLE ( SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( ALL ! O!R ACTIVITIES4 ,IT IS HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY'S AMBASSADOR TO ITSELF1 DELIV]+ ITS (FICIAL MESSAGES AT A C\RT :]E NO ONE ELSE IS ALL[$ TO SPEAK4 ,! MO/ MOD]N ASPECT ( ! SPECTACLE IS ?US ALSO ! MO/ >*AIC4 

#bd 

  

,! SPECTACLE IS ! RUL+ ORD]'S NON/OP DISC\RSE AB\T ITSELF1 ITS NEV]-5D+ MONOLOGUE ( SELF-PRAISE1 ITS SELF-PORTRAIT AT ! /AGE ( TOTALIT>IAN DOM9ATION ( ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE4 ,! FETI%I/IC APPE>ANCE ( PURE OBJECTIVITY 9 SPECTACUL> RELATIONS CONCEALS !IR TRUE *>ACT] AS RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE & BETWE5 CLASSES3 A SECOND ,NATURE1 ) ITS [N 9ESCAPABLE LAWS1 SEEMS TO DOM9ATE \R 5VIRONM5T4 ,BUT ! SPECTACLE IS NOT ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( SOME SUPPOS$LY NATURAL TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE IS A =M ?AT *OOSES ITS [N TE*NOLOGICAL CONT5T4 ,IF ! SPECTACLE1 CONSID]$ 9 ! LIMIT$ S5SE ( ! 0MASS M$IA0 ?AT >E ITS MO/ GL>+ SUP]FICIAL MANIFE/ATION1 SEEMS TO BE 9VAD+ SOCIETY 9 ! =M ( A M]E TE*NICAL APP>ATUS1 IT %\LD BE UND]/OOD ?AT ?IS APP>ATUS IS 9 NO WAY NEUTRAL & ?AT IT HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! SPECTACLE'S 9T]NAL DYNAMICS4 ,IF ! SOCIAL NE$S ( ! AGE 9 :I* SU* TE*NOLOGIES >E DEVELOP$ CAN BE MET ONLY ?R\< !IR M$IATION1 IF ! ADM9I/RATION ( ?IS SOCIETY & ALL CONTACT BETWE5 PEOPLE HAS BECOME TOTALLY DEP5D5T ON !SE MEANS ( 9/ANTANE\S COMMUNICATION1 IT IS BECAUSE ?IS 0COMMUNICATION0 IS ESS5TIALLY UNILAT]AL4 ,! CONC5TRATION ( !SE M$IA ?US AM\NTS TO CONC5TRAT+ 9 ! H&S ( ! ADM9I/RATORS ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM ! MEANS ?AT 5ABLE !M TO C>RY ON ?IS P>TICUL> =M ( ADM9I/RATION4 ,! SOCIAL SEP>ATION REFLECT$ 9 ! SPECTACLE IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! MOD]N /ATE -- ! PRODUCT ( ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR ?AT IS BO? ! *IEF 9/RUM5T ( CLASS RULE & ! CONC5TRAT$ EXPRESSION ( ALL SOCIAL DIVISIONS4 

#be 

  

,SEP>ATION IS ! ALPHA & OMEGA ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,! 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR 9 ! =M ( CLASS DIVISIONS HAD GIV5 RISE TO AN E>LI]1 RELIGI\S =M ( CONTEMPLATION3 ! MY?ICAL ORD] ) :I* EV]Y P[] HAS ALWAYS CAM\FLAG$ ITSELF4 ,RELIGION JU/IFI$ ! COSMIC & ONTOLOGICAL ORD] ?AT CORRESPOND$ TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! MA/]S1 EXP\ND+ & EMBELLI%+ EV]Y?+ !IR SOCIETIES C\LD NOT DELIV]4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ALL SEP>ATE P[] HAS BE5 SPECTACUL>4 ,BUT ?IS E>LI] UNIV]SAL DEVOTION TO A FIX$ RELIGI\S IMAG]Y WAS ONLY A %>$ ACKN[L$GM5T ( LOSS1 AN IMAG9>Y COMP5SATION = ! POV]TY ( A CONCRETE SOCIAL ACTIVITY ?AT WAS /ILL G5]ALLY EXP]I5C$ AS A UNIT>Y CONDITION4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ! MOD]N SPECTACLE DEPICTS :AT SOCIETY C\LD DELIV]1 BUT 9 SO DO+ IT RIGIDLY SEP>ATES :AT IS POSSIBLE FROM :AT IS P]MITT$4 ,! SPECTACLE KEEPS PEOPLE 9 A /ATE ( UNCONSCI\SNESS AS !Y PASS ?R\< PRACTICAL *ANGES 9 !IR CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE4 ,LIKE A FACTITI\S GOD1 IT 5G5D]S ITSELF & MAKES ITS [N RULES4 ,IT REVEALS ITSELF = :AT IT IS3 AN AUTONOM\SLY DEVELOP+ SEP>ATE P[]1 BAS$ ON ! 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY RESULT+ FROM AN 9CREAS+LY REF9$ DIVISION ( LABOR 9TO P>CELIZ$ GE/URES DICTAT$ BY ! 9DEP5D5T MOVEM5T ( MA*9ES1 & WORK+ = AN EV]-EXP&+ M>KET4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 ALL COMMUNITY & ALL CRITICAL AW>5ESS HAVE DIS9TEGRAT$2 & ! =CES ?AT W]E ABLE TO GR[ BY SEP>AT+ FROM EA* O!R HAVE NOT YET BE5 REUNIT$4 

#bf 

  

,! G5]AL SEP>ATION ( WORK] & PRODUCT T5DS TO ELIM9ATE ANY DIRECT P]SONAL COMMUNICATION BETWE5 ! PRODUC]S & ANY COMPREH5SIVE S5SE ( :AT !Y >E PRODUC+4 ,) ! 9CREAS+ ACCUMULATION ( SEP>ATE PRODUCTS & ! 9CREAS+ CONC5TRATION ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS1 COMMUNICATION & COMPREH5SION >E MONOPOLIZ$ BY ! MANAG]S ( ! SY/EM4 ,! TRIUMPH ( ?IS SEP>ATION-BAS$ ECONOMIC SY/EM PROLET>IANIZES ! :OLE WORLD4 

#bg 

  

,DUE TO ! V]Y SUCCESS ( ?IS SEP>ATE PRODUCTION ( SEP>ATION1 ! FUNDAM5TAL EXP]I5CE ?AT 9 E>LI] SOCIETIES WAS ASSOCIAT$ ) PEOPLE'S PRIM>Y WORK IS 9 ! PROCESS ( BE+ REPLAC$ 79 SECTORS NE> ! CUTT+ $GE ( ! SY/EM'S EVOLUTION7 BY AN ID5TIFICATION ( LIFE ) NONWORK+ TIME1 ) 9ACTIVITY4 ,BUT SU* 9ACTIVITY IS 9 NO WAY LIB]AT$ FROM PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITY4 ,IT REMA9S DEP5D5T ON IT1 9 AN UNEASY & ADMIR+ SUBMISSION TO ! REQUIREM5TS & CONSEQU5CES ( ! PRODUCTION SY/EM4 ,IT IS ITSELF ONE ( ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?AT SY/EM4 ,!RE CAN BE NO FRE$OM AP>T FROM ACTIVITY1 & )9 ! SPECTACLE ACTIVITY IS NULLIFI$ -- ALL REAL ACTIVITY HAV+ BE5 =CIBLY *ANNEL$ 9TO ! GLOBAL CON/RUCTION ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,?US1 :AT IS REF]R$ TO AS A 0LIB]ATION FROM WORK10 NAMELY ! MOD]N 9CREASE 9 LEISURE TIME1 IS NEI!R A LIB]ATION ( WORK ITSELF NOR A LIB]ATION FROM ! WORLD %AP$ BY ?IS K9D ( WORK4 ,NONE ( ! ACTIVITY /OL5 BY WORK CAN BE REGA9$ BY SUBMITT+ TO :AT ?AT WORK HAS PRODUC$4 

#bh 

  

,! REIGN+ ECONOMIC SY/EM IS A VICI\S CIRCLE ( ISOLATION4 ,ITS TE*NOLOGIES >E BAS$ ON ISOLATION1 & !Y CONTRIBUTE TO ?AT SAME ISOLATION4 ,FROM AUTOMOBILES TO TELEVISION1 ! GOODS ?AT ! SPECTACUL> SY/EM *OOSES TO PRODUCE ALSO S]VE IT AS WEAPONS = CON/ANTLY RE9=C+ ! CONDITIONS ?AT 5G5D] 0LONELY CR[DS40 ,) EV]-9CREAS+ CONCRET5ESS ! SPECTACLE RECREATES ITS [N PRESUPPOSITIONS4 

#bi 

  

,! SPECTACLE WAS BORN FROM ! WORLD'S LOSS ( UNITY1 & ! IMM5SE EXPANSION ( ! MOD]N SPECTACLE REVEALS ! 5ORMITY ( ?IS LOSS4 ,! AB/RACTIFY+ ( ALL 9DIVIDUAL LABOR & ! G5]AL AB/RACTNESS ( :AT IS PRODUC$ >E P]FECTLY REFLECT$ 9 ! SPECTACLE1 :OSE MANN] ( BE+ CONCRETE IS PRECISELY AB/RACTION4 ,9 ! SPECTACLE1 A P>T ( ! WORLD PRES5TS ITSELF TO ! WORLD & IS SUP]IOR TO IT4 ,! SPECTACLE IS SIMPLY ! COMMON LANGUAGE ( ?IS SEP>ATION4 ,SPECTATORS >E L9K$ SOLELY BY !IR ONE-WAY RELATION%IP TO ! V]Y C5T] ?AT KEEPS !M ISOLAT$ FROM EA* O!R4 ,! SPECTACLE ?US REUNITES ! SEP>AT$1 BUT IT REUNITES !M ONLY 9 !IR SEP>AT5ESS4 

#c 

  

,! ALI5ATION ( ! SPECTATOR1 :I* RE9=CES ! CONTEMPLAT$ OBJECTS ?AT RESULT FROM HIS [N UNCONSCI\S ACTIVITY1 WORKS LIKE ?IS3 ,! MORE HE CONTEMPLATES1 ! LESS HE LIVES2 ! MORE HE ID5TIFIES ) ! DOM9ANT IMAGES ( NE$1 ! LESS HE UND]/&S HIS [N LIFE & HIS [N DESIRES4 ,! SPECTACLE'S E/RANGEM5T FROM ! ACT+ SUBJECT IS EXPRESS$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL'S GE/URES >E NO LONG] HIS [N2 !Y >E ! GE/URES ( SOMEONE ELSE :O REPRES5TS !M TO HIM4 ,! SPECTATOR DOES NOT FEEL AT HOME ANY:]E1 BECAUSE ! SPECTACLE IS EV]Y:]E4 

#ca 

  

,WORK]S DO NOT PRODUCE !MSELVES1 !Y PRODUCE A P[] 9DEP5D5T ( !MSELVES4 ,! SUCCESS ( ?IS PRODUCTION1 ! ABUNDANCE IT G5]ATES1 IS EXP]I5C$ BY ! PRODUC]S AS AN ABUNDANCE ( DISPOSSESSION4 ,AS !IR ALI5AT$ PRODUCTS ACCUMULATE1 ALL TIME & SPACE BECOME =EIGN TO !M4 ,! SPECTACLE IS ! MAP ( ?IS NEW WORLD1 A MAP ?AT IS ID5TICAL TO ! T]RITORY IT REPRES5TS4 ,! =CES ?AT HAVE ESCAP$ US DISPLAY !MSELVES TO US 9 ALL !IR P[]4 

#cb 

  

,! SPECTACLE'S SOCIAL FUNCTION IS ! CONCRETE MANUFACTURE ( ALI5ATION4 ,ECONOMIC EXPANSION CONSI/S PRIM>ILY ( ! EXPANSION ( ?IS P>TICUL> SECTOR ( 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION4 ,! 0GR[?0 G5]AT$ BY AN ECONOMY DEVELOP+ = ITS [N SAKE CAN BE NO?+ O!R ?AN A GR[? ( ! V]Y ALI5ATION ?AT WAS AT ITS ORIG94 

#cc 

  

,?\< SEP>AT$ FROM :AT !Y PRODUCE1 PEOPLE NEV]!LESS PRODUCE EV]Y DETAIL ( !IR WORLD ) EV]-9CREAS+ P[]4 ,!Y ?US ALSO F9D !MSELVES 9CREAS+LY SEP>AT$ FROM ?AT WORLD4 ,! CLOS] !IR LIFE COMES TO BE+ !IR [N CREATION1 ! MORE !Y >E EXCLUD$ FROM ?AT LIFE4 

#cd 

  

,! SPECTACLE IS CAPITAL ACCUMULAT$ TO ! PO9T ?AT IT BECOMES IMAGES4 

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,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,UPDAT$4 

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