,*APT] #f 
,! ,WALSALL ,AN>*I/S 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,QUAIL 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #f4 ,! ,W,A,L,S,A,L,L ,A,N,>,*,I,/,S 

,! >RE/1 TRIAL & S5T5C+ ( ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S 9 #ahib DES]VE MORE ATT5TION ?AN !Y HAVE RECEIV$ FROM ! HI/ORIANS ( ! LEFT 9 ,BRITA94 ,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! MORE LIB]AL1 !RE WAS A DISCONC]T+LY /RAI<T=W>D USE ( AG5TS PROVOCATEUR BY ! POLICE4 

,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( HI/ORIANS ( ! GR[? ( 9/ITUTIONS CONNECT$ ) ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T1 ! EXI/5CE ( OPTIONS = PROPAG&A BY DE$ & ! REASONS = ! REJECTION ( !SE OPTIONS %\LD HAVE GIV5 MORE CAUSE = ?\<T4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! CIRCUM/ANCES W]E UNUSUAL 5\< = NOTICE4 ,AS EX-,DETECTIVE ,S]GEANT ,MC,9TYRE WAS TO SAY1 0,QUITE A S5SATION WAS CAUS$ AT ! TIME BY ! APPE>ANCE ( ?IS NEW CLASS ( REVOLUTIONI/4 ,IT IS SAFE TO SAY ?AT NO CONSPIRACY ( QUITE ! SAME NATURE HAD BE5 KN[N 9 ,5GL& DUR+ ?IS C5TURY40.<#a#f#g.> 

,ON #f? ,JANU>Y #ahib ,JOE ,DEAK91 AN AN>*I/ LIV+ 9 HIS NATIVE T[N ( ,WALSALL1 WAS >RE/$ 9 ,TOTT5HAM ,C\RT ,ROAD ON HIS WAY TO ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB4 ,HE WAS REM&$ 9 CU/ODY AT ,M>LBOR\< ,/REET ,C\RT ! FOLL[+ DAY ON A *>GE ( MANUFACTUR+ BOMBS4 ,IMM$IATELY AFT] ! C\RT APPE>ANCE ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE W5T TO ,WALSALL BY TRA9 & ON ! EV5+ ( ! SAME DAY ,VICTOR ,CAILES1 A ,FR5*MAN1 & ,F]D ,*>LES W]E >RE/$ AT ! ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB 9 ,GOODALL ,/REET1 ,WALSALL4 ,LAT] ,WILLIAM ,DIT*FIELD & ,JOHN ,WE/LEY W]E >RE/$ 9 ,WALSALL & ,JEAN ,BATTOLA1 AN ,ITALIAN1 WAS >RE/$ 9 ,LONDON4 ,DEAK9 & ,BATTOLA W]E TRANSPORT$ UP TO ,WALSALL TO /& TRIAL4 ,!Y W]E ALL JO9TLY *>G$ ) :AT AM\NT$ TO MANUFACTUR+ BOMBS4 ,AT !IR FIR/ APPE>ANCE AT ! ,WALSALL POLICE C\RT1 ,MR ,Y\NG1 PROSECUT+1 ASK$ = A WEEK'S REM& ON ! GR\NDS ?AT 0,! AU?ORITIES BO? 9 ,WALSALL & ,LONDON HAD RECEIV$ V]Y IMPORTANT 9=MATION ) REF]5CE TO :AT HE MI<T CALL A WIDESPREAD CONSPIRACY ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY40.<#a#f#h.> 

,! EVID5CE BR\<T AGA9/ ! ACCUS$ M5 WAS AS FOLL[S3 ,9 ,*>LES'S POSSESSION WAS F\ND A SKET* ( A BOMB ) 9/RUCTIONS 9 ,FR5* ON H[ TO MAKE IT1 A MODEL ( A BOLT ALLEG$LY TO FIT ! TOP ( ! BOMB & A MANIFE/O 9 ,FR5* 9 ,CAILES'S H&WRIT+ 5TITL$ ,! ,MEANS ( ,EMANCIPATION1 :I* SAID 9 P>T1 0,LET US OCCUPY \RSELVES ) *EMI/RY1 & LET US MANUFACTURE PROMPTLY BOMBS1 DYNAMITE & O!R EXPLOSIVE MATT]S MU* MORE EFFICACI\S ?AN GUNS & B>RICADES TO BR+ AB\T ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ACTUAL /ATE ( ?+S1 & ABOVE ALL1 TO SP>E ! PRECI\S BLOOD ( \R COMRADES4 ,C\RAGE1 COMPANIONS6 ,LONG ,LIVE ,AN>*Y6 ,WALSALL1 #a ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#i#a40 ,9 ,CAILES'S POSSESSION WAS F\ND A L5G? ( FUZE & A L>GE NUMB] ( AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS 9 ,FR5*1 9CLUD+ ISSUE NUMB] #g ( ,L',9T]NATIONALE1 :I* GAVE 9/RUCTIONS ON MAK+ BOMBS & H[ TO USE !M = ! DE/RUCTION ( PUBLIC BUILD+S4 ,AT ,DIT*FIELD'S WORK%OP 0A PLA/] CA/ ( A BOMB SIMIL> TO ! SKET* PRODUC$0 WAS F\ND & AT HIS HOME A BOLT 0= ! HEAD ( ONE ( ! MISSILES40 ,9 ! BASEM5T ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB !RE WAS 0A QUANTITY ( CLAY MIX$ ) HAIR1 EVID5TLY = MOLD+ PURPOSES40 ,ON ! 0SWORN 9=MATION ( ! ,*IEF ,CON/ABLE ?AT ALL ! P]SONS HAD 9 !IR POSSESSION OR UND] !IR CONTROL EXPLOSIVES UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES AS TO LEAD TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT SU* SUB/ANCES W]E NOT 9 !IR POSSESSION OR UND] !IR CONTROL = A LAWFUL PURPOSE0 ! MAGI/RATE -- 9 ?IS CASE ! ,MAYOR ( ,WALSALL -- REM&$ ALL ! M5 9 CU/ODY4 ,?IS WAS DONE EV5 ?\< NO EVID5CE AT ALL HAD BE5 BR\<T AGA9/ ,BATTOLA1 ,WE/LEY OR ,DEAK92 & 9 ! CASE ( ! O!R M51 :ATEV] SUSPICIONS MI<T HAVE BE5 >\S$ BY :AT WAS F\ND 9 !IR POSSESSION NO EXPLOSIVES HAD BE5 PRODUC$ AT ALL1 & IT WAS UNLAWFUL POSSESSION ( EXPLOSIVES ') 9T5T' ?AT LAY AT ! C5T] ( ! *>GE4 

,AS IT /OOD1 ?IS EVID5CE C\LD NOT HAVE FAC$ AN 5]GETIC DEF5SE 9 C\RT4 ,IT WAS =TUNATE = ! POLICE1 !RE=E1 ?AT AT ! NEXT HE>+1 ON #b#a/ ,JANU>Y1 A MO/ 9CRIM9AT+ SET ( CONFESSIONS BY ,DEAK9 W]E PRODUC$4 ,AS ! ,TIMES PUT IT3 

,ON ! #a#e? 9/4 ,DEAK9 TOLD WITNESS .<,*IEF ,CON/ABLE ,TAYLOR.> ?AT HE %\LD LIKE TO TELL ALL1 AS HE HAD COME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ,*>LES WAS A POLICE SPY4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY HE H&$ 9 A /ATEM5T1 9 :I* HE WROTE ?AT ! P>CEL ( *LOR(ORM F\ND 9 HIS POSSESSION :5 HE WAS >RE/$ 9 ,LONDON WAS GIV5 TO HIM BY ,CAILES TO BE GIV5 TO AN ACQUA9TANCE ( ,CAILES4 ,?IS WAS ! MAN *>G$ AT ! ,C\RT UND] ! NAME ( ,BATTOLA4 ,AS = ! CA/+S & MODELS1 ,DIT*FIELD & ,*>LES >RANG$ TO GET !M = ,CAILES4 

,DEAK9 ADD$ ?AT HE UND]/OOD ! ?+S W]E = USE ABROAD4 ,A SECOND /ATEM5T MADE BY ,DEAK9 444 WAS ( A GREAT L5G? & ( A S5SATIONAL *>ACT]4 ,IT %[$ ?AT 9 ! SUMM] ( LA/ YE> .<I4E4 #a#h#i#a.> ,*>LES W5T TO ! ,WALSALL ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB1 ( :I* ,DEAK9 WAS ! SECRET>Y4 ,AS HE WAS KN[N TO ! MEMB]S ( ! CLUB ?R\< ! SOCIALI/ PAP]S & ALSO SLI<TLY KN[N TO ,DEAK9 :O HAD MET HIM 9 ,JULY #a#h#h#i1 9 ,P>IS1.<#a#f#i.> HE WAS P]MITT$ TO HAVE ! RUN ( ! CLUB4 ,HE M5TION$ TO ,DEAK9 & TO O!R MEMB]S ?AT A ,LONDON COMRADE NAM$ ,C\LON HAD WRITT5 TO HIM4 ,IT WAS DECID$ TO HAVE ! MAN OV]4 ,?IS WAS DUR+ ! MON?S ( ,JUNE & ,JULY4 

,A FEW WEEKS LAT] ,*>LES MET TWO ,FR5*M5 AT ! /ATION & ,DEAK9 WAS 9TRODUC$ TO !M4 ,ONE ( !SE M5 WAS ,CAILES1 :O /AY$ 9 ,WALSALL1 ! O!R MAN RETURN+ TO ,LONDON4 ,CAILES SPOKE V]Y LITTLE ,5GLI%4 

,ONE NI<T 9 ,OCTOB] OR E>LY 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#a1 ,CAILES & ,*>LES SPOKE TO HIM AB\T A LETT] WRITT5 9 ,FR5*1 :I* ,CAILES HAD RECEIV$ & :I* 5CLOS$ ! SKET* ( A BOMB PRODUC$ 9 ! POLICE C\RT4 ,! LETT] WAS S5T 9 ! NAME ( ',DE ,F>NEY'.<#a#g.> & ,CAILES NOT KN[+ ! NAME WROTE TO ,C\LON1 #a#i1 ,FITZROY ,SQU>E1 ,LONDON1 ASK+ :E!R IT WAS ALL RI<T4 ,HE AFT]W>DS GOT AN AFFIRMATIVE REPLY4 ,DEAK9 UND]/OOD ?AT ! BOMBS W]E WANT$ = USE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y CAME TO ! CONCLUSION !Y %\LD WANT A PATT]N = ! BOMB TO BE CA/ FROM4 ,ONE ,SUNDAY ,CAILES1 ,WE/LEY1 ,*>LES & ,DEAK9 MET TO MAKE ONE4 ,!N CAME ! QUE/ION ( HAV+ IT CA/4 ,*>LES SAID HE W\LD PAY ! CO/ & IT WAS AGRE$ ?AT !Y %\LD CALL ! BOMB AN ELECTRIC CELL4 ,A LETT] WAS S5T TO ,MESSRS4 ,BULL[S BY ,*>LES 9 ! NAME ( ,LA ,PLACE4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY A LETT] WAS RECEIV$ FROM ,LONDON BY ,CAILES SAY+ ?AT SOMEONE W\LD FET* ! ?+S4 ,! /RANG] :O W5T D[N WAS ! MAN ,BATTOLA4 

,! READ+ ( ! /ATEM5T CAUS$ SOME EXCITEM5T 9 C\RT4.<#a#g#a.> 

,?IS WAS SOME?+ ( AN UND]/ATEM5T4 ,DEAK9 WAS D5\NC$ AS AN 9=M] & LI> 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,!RE WAS LITTLE ELSE TO DO = :AT ,DEAK9'S /ATEM5T DID WAS TO L9K UP ! ACCUS$ & LAY !M OP5 TO *>GES ( CONSPIRACY4 ,ALL ! BITS & PIECES 9 !IR POSSESSION :I* SEP>ATELY MEANT V]Y LITTLE N[ HAD A GREAT COLLECTIVE SIGNIFICANCE & W]E ADMITT$ TO HAVE BE5 = A COMMON & VIOL5T PURPOSE4 ,?+S N[ LOOK$ V]Y BAD 9DE$ = ! M54 ,!Y W]E AGA9 REM&$4 

,IT IS A LITTLE DIFFICULT TO GET AT ! TRU? ( H[ ?IS CONFESSION WAS OBTA9$4 ,NICOLL GIVES ! /ORY AS ,DEAK9 TOLD IT LAT] BUT IT R+S ODDLY4 ,DIT*FIELD HAD BE5 ?REAT5$ & BULLI$ BY ,MELVILLE & ,TAYLOR BUT )\T MU* 9=MATION BE+ OBTA9$ FROM HIM4 ,HE DID NOT HAVE MU* TO TELL4 ,DEAK9 WAS !N TAK5 FROM HIS CELL TO ! PRIVATE ROOM :]E ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE & ,*IEF ,CON/ABLE ,TAYLOR />T$ A CONV]SATION ) HIM ON SOCIALISM4 ,DEAK9 WAS A SIMPLE 5?USIA/ & HE WAS SOON WORK$ UP TO A HI< PIT* ( EXCITEM5T4 ,9 ! DEAD ( ! NI<T HE WAS TAK5 BACK TO HIS CELL & :ILE !RE HE HE>D :AT HE ?\<T WAS ! S\ND ( ! VOICES ( TWO ( HIS COMPANIONS1 ,*>LES & ,DIT*FIELD1 CONFESS+ ALL AB\T ! PLOT TO ! (FIC]S4 ,UND] ! IMPRESSION ?AT HE WAS BETRAY$ HE MADE A FULL CONFESSION1 :I* WAS JU/ :AT ! POLICE WANT$4.<#a#g#b.> ,:5 ,DEAK9 F\ND ?AT ,*>LES & ,DIT*FIELD HAD NOT MADE ?IS CONFESSION 0HE DECL>$ TO A FRI5D ?AT A TRICK MU/ HAVE BE5 PLAY$ UPON HIM & ?AT SOMEONE MU/ HAVE IMITAT$ ! VOICES ( HIS COMRADES40 ,H[ MU* RELIANCE ONE CAN PUT UPON ?IS /ORY IT IS DIFFICULT TO SAY4 ,= MYSELF1 ,I ?9K IT MORE LIKELY ?AT ,MELVILLE & ,TAYLOR TOLD ,DEAK9 ?AT ,*>LES & ,DIT*FIELD HAD MADE FULL CONFESSIONS1 & EV5 TOLD HIM ?AT ,*>LES WAS EMPLOY$ BY !M4 ,& AS WE %ALL SEE1 !Y W\LD BE ABLE TO GIVE ALL SORTS ( 'PRIVATE' DETAILS ( :AT HAD BE5 GO+ ON :I* W\LD SEEM TO SUB/ANTIATE !IR /ORY4 ,IT MI<T ONLY HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y TO H9T ?AT ,*>LES WAS A POLICE SPY1 S9CE ?IS HAD ALREADY BE5 RUMOR$ 9 ! MOVEM5T -- ,NICOLL ALLEG$ LAT] ?AT ! RUMOR ORIG9AT$ ) MEMB]S ( ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P 0:O SO P]SUAD$ ,KROPOTK9 ( ITS TRU? ?AT HE SAID TO ,*>LES ',IF Y\ >E NOT 9 ! PAY ( ! POLICE Y\ >E DO+ !IR WORK4'0.<#a#g#c.> ,FAC$ ) ?IS APP>5T BETRAYAL ,DEAK9 !N CONFESS$ S9CE HE DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE BE5 ! /UFF ?AT M>TYRS >E MADE (4 ,F9D+ ?AT HE WAS ALONE 9 HIS CONFESSIONS1 'HE>+ VOICES' W\LD APPE> TO BE A WAY ( SAV+ FACE OR A CONV5I5T RESOLUTION ( ! SITUATION BY HIS UNCONSCI\S4 

,DEAK9'S CONFESSION1 H[EV]1 M5TION$ ! NAME ( ONE COCONSPIRATOR :O HAD NOT BE5 >RE/$ -- ,C\LON4 ,C\LON'S C>E] L9K$ ! DEF5DANTS TOGE!R4 ,EV5TS W]E TO %[ :Y A MAN SO OBVI\SLY COMPROMIS$ REMA9$ FREE & UNPURSU$4 ,:O WAS ,AUGU/E ,C\LON8 

,HE HAD TAK5 SOME P>T 9 ! ,DUBL9 BRAN* ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & HAD SOME (FICIAL CORRESPOND5CE ) ! ,LEAGUE 9 #a#h#h#f4.<#a#g#d.> ,HE 0LEFT ?AT BODY & W5T TO ,FRANCE :]E HE =M$ SOME CONNECTION ) ! ,POSSIBILI/ ,P>TY4 ,!NCE HE CAME 9TO ! MOVEM5T 9 ,5GL&1 9 ,JANU>Y #a#h#i4 ,AT ?IS TIME 444 HE WAS LIV+ AT ,NOTT+ ,HILL & JO9$ ! ,NOR? ,K5S+TON BRAN* ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,H]E HE POS$ AS A V]Y VIOL5T ,AN>*I/4 ,HE OCCASIONALLY VISIT$ ! ,HAMM]SMI? ,BRAN* ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE :]E HE *IEFLY OCCUPI$ HIMSELF BY 5DEAVOR+ TO SELL A LITTLE ,FR5* BOOK ,L',9DICATEUR ,AN>*I/E CONTA9+ 9/RUCTION CONC]N+ ! MANUFACTURE ( BOMBS & DYNAMITE40.<#a#g#e.> 

,C\LON DESCRIB$ HIMSELF AS A PR(ESSOR ( LANGUAGES BUT HAD BE5 0*RONICALLY \T ( WORK EV] S9CE HE HAD BE5 9 ,5GL&4 ,HE HAD L>GELY BE5 SUPPORT$ BY ! G5]OSITY ( COMRADES 9 ,HAMM]SMI? & ,NOR? ,K5S+TON10 SAYS ,NICOLL1 & AS A CONSEQU5CE ( !SE S\RCES DRY+ UP HE APPE>$ AT ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB SAY+ ?AT HE'D BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,HAMM]SMI? ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY4 ,9 ?IS HE WAS APPEAL+ TO & DEEP5+ ! SPLIT 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE -- !RE W]E1 = EXAMPLE1 RAID+ P>TIES FROM ! ,WE/ ,5D :I* DISRUPT$ MEET+S AT ,HAMM]SMI?4 ,AT ! ,AUTONOMIE HIS ABILITY TO SPEAK SEV]AL LANGUAGES RECOMM5D$ HIM = ! JOB ( ASSI/ANT TO ,L\ISE ,MI*EL :O C\LD SPEAK ONLY ,FR5*1 9 A S*OOL :I* WAS />T$ = H] BY ! =EIGN AN>*I/S = ! $UCATION ( ! *ILDR5 ( ! =EIGN SOCIALI/S ( NOR? ,SOHO1 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#i4 ,!RE WAS LITTLE MONEY AVAILABLE BUT ,C\LON DECL>$ HIMSELF WILL+ TO SACRIFICE HIMSELF1 HIS WIFE & *ILDR5 = ! GOOD ( ! CAUSE4 ,HE MADE HIMSELF BUSY & SOON HAD ! 5TIRE BUS9ESS MANAGEM5T ( ! S*OOL 9 HIS H&S -- HE RECEIV$ ALL MONEY & HIS NAME APPE>$ AS PROM95TLY 9 ADV]TISEM5TS & CIRCUL>S AS ?AT ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL H]SELF4 ,HIS CONNECTION ) ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 NATURALLY 5\<1 MADE HIM APPE> A MAN TO BE TRU/$4 ,A FUR!R 9DICATION ( HIS APP>5T TRU/WOR?9ESS WAS ! WORK HE 5GAG$ 9 = ! REFUGEES FROM ,FRANCE AFT] ! /ORMY EV5TS >\ND ,MAY ,DAY 9 #a#h#i#a4 ,!RE HAD BE5 RIOTS & FI<TS ) ! POLICE4 

0,N9E PEOPLE W]E KILL$ BY ! POLICE AT ,F\RMIES4 ,AT A RIOT AT ,CLI*Y ,LEVALLOIS ?REE M5 W]E W\ND$ & >RE/$ AFT] A GUN FI<T ) ! SO-CALL$ '=CES ( ORD]'4 ,! W\ND$ M51 ALL AN>*I/S1 W]E TAK5 TO ,CLI*Y POLICE /ATION & !RE BRUTALLY ASSAULT$ BY ! POLICE & NOT EV5 GIV5 FACILITIES = BA?+ !IR W\NDS40.<#a#g#f.> ,TWO W]E EV5TUALLY S5T5C$ TO LONG T]MS4 7,IT WAS 9 REV5GE = !IR TREATM5T ?AT ,RAVA*OL WAS TO SET HIS BOMBS47 ,ONE ( ! REFUGEES WAS ! ,WALSALL DEF5DANT ,VICTOR ,CAILES1 :O WAS WANT$ BY ! ,FR5* POLICE = 9CITEM5T TO 09C5DI>ISM1 MURD] & PILLAGE0 AFT] A RIOT 9 HIS NATIVE T[N ( ,NANTES ON ,MAY ,DAY4 ,CAILES WAS S5T TO ,WALSALL ?R\< ! CONTACT ,C\LON HAD ) ,F]D ,*>LES1 :O BY ?IS TIME WAS LIV+ !RE4 

,*>LES1 0\T ( EMPLOYM5T & 9 A DESP]ATE MOOD0 9 ,LONDON1 HAD GONE FIR/ TO ,%EFFIELD TO F9D WORK4.<#a#g#g.> ,9 ,%EFFIELD HE HAD HELP$ ,DR ,CREA<E />T ! ,%EFFIELD ,AN>*I/4 ,CREA<E WROTE ( ?AT TIME3 

,I CANNOT =GET ! TIME ?AT ,*>LES :O WAS !N \T ( WORK />T$ ) ME ! FIR/ NUMB] ( ! ,%EFFIELD ,AN>*I/4 ,HE W\LD DO NO?+ = HIMSELF4 ,IF HIS *ANCES ( GETT+ A ,G,B,P#a DEP5D$ ON HIS KEEP+ AN APPO9TM5T1 ,I AM C]TA9 HE W\LD NOT BE !RE & ,I WAS A/ONI%$ H[ ACTIVELY & /EADILY HE WORK$ = ! CAUSE HE LOV$4 ,I CANNOT SAY H[ (T5 ,I REGRETT$ IT :5 HE HAD TO LEAVE ME1 = WE SP5T SOME HAPPY H\RS 9 ?AT ANY?+ BUT SWEET SMELL+ D5 :I* S]V$ US = A CLUB & (FICE AT #dg ,WE/ ,B> ,GRE51 ,%EFFIELD4 ,H[ WE LAU<$ AS WE SCRIBBL$ & 5JOY$ 9 ANTICIPATION ! HORROR & RAGE ( ! 5EMY4.<#a#g#h.> 

,:E!R BECAUSE ( ?IS ACTIVITY OR = O!R REASONS HE DID NOT MANAGE TO F9D A JOB4 ,HE !N W5T TO ,WALSALL AB\T ,JULY #a#h#i#a1 & WAS FIX$ UP ) WORK BY LOCAL COMRADES4 ,*>LES WAS KN[N TO ,DEAK9 9 A BUS9ESS CAPACITY FROM #ahhh :5 ,DEAK91 !N SECRET>Y ( ! ,WALSALL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 HAD REGUL>LY WRITT5 TO ,*>LES = COPIES ( ! ,COMMONWEAL1 PAMPHLETS1 ETC4.<#a#g#i.> 

,AS F> AS ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,5GL& WAS CONC]N$ ! M5 >RE/$ AT ,WALSALL W]E ALMO/ UNKN[N EXCEPT = ,*>LES4 ,AP>T FROM BE+ A KN[N ACTIVI/ HE HAD AN 9CR$IBLE REPUTATION = OP5H&$ G5]OSITY4 ,PRACTICALLY ALL HIS E>N+S & POSSESSIONS W]E GIV5 AWAY TO TRAMPS OR ! UNEMPLOY$4 ,HE HAD BE5 KN[N TO TAKE (F HIS COAT & PAWN IT 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO GIVE SOME?+ TO A FELL[ WORK] :O WAS )\T MONEY4 ,T$ ,LEGGATT TOLD H[ HE HAD SE5 ,*>LES 0TAKE HIS BE/ BOOTS (F HIS FEET & ! LA/ HALF CR[N \T ( HIS POCKET & GIVE !M TO A MAN HE HAD NEV] SE5 BE=E1 :O PLEAD$ POV]TY TO HIM AT A MEET+ AT ! ,B]N] ,/REET CLUB :]E ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS WAS LECTUR+4 ,O!RS CAN V]IFY MY /ATEM5T40.<#a#h.> ,NICOLL SAID ( HIM1 0,I1 :O KNEW HIM WELL1 HAVE (T5 ?\<T ?AT ,*>LES1 ,A!I/ & ,AN>*I/ AS HE WAS HAD MORE ( ! SPIRIT ( ,*RI/ AB\T HIM ?AN ?OSE :O TALK SO L\DLY ( !IR ,*RI/IANITY40.<#a#h#a.> ,C\LON HAD HELP$ ,*>LES :5 HE HAD BE5 H>D UP -- ,*>LES HAD 0LIKE MANY O!R F9E NATURES1 SUFF]$ MU* FROM ! +RATITUDE ( ?OSE HE HAD BEFRI5D$ & WAS !RE=E *>M$ ) ,C\LON'S 'G5]OSITY'4 ,?IS IS A MAN AFT] MY [N HE>T HE ?\<T1 & AFT] HE LEFT ,LONDON = ! ,NOR?1 HE /ILL KEPT UP A CORRESPOND5CE ) ,C\LON40.<#a#h#b.> ,?R\< ?IS CORRESPOND5CE ,CAILES >RIV$ 9 ,WALSALL4 

,*>LES & ,CAILES W]E ACCEPT$ AS MEMB]S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB ON #a? ,AUGU/ #a#h#i#a4 ,! CONSPIRACY MI<T WELL HAVE BE5 />T$ AS A RESULT ( A CONV]SATION :I* TOOK PLACE ON ,SATURDAY1 #b#i? ,AUGU/1 AT ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB4 ,DEAK91 RETURN+ FROM AN 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS AT ,BRUSSELS1 WAS 9 ! B> 0*ATT+ TO A GR\P ( ,AN>*I/S TO :OM HE WAS KN[N4 ,SOMEONE ASK$ AFT] ,*>LES3 ',OH HE'S ALL RI<T1' SAID ,DEAK91 'HE'S AT WORK 9 AN IRON F\NDRY4' ',OH1 HE WILL DO TO MAKE BOMBS = US1' CRI$ ,C\LON1 :O WAS PRES5T40 ,TWO MON?S LAT] ! LETT] SIGN$ ',DEGNAI' CONTA9+ ! SKET* ( ! BOMB WAS S5T TO ,CAILES AT ,WALSALL4 ,NOT KN[+ ! NAME1 ,CAILES1 AS WE HAVE SE51 WROTE TO ,C\LON :O REPLI$ ?AT ! LETT] WAS 0ALL RI<T40 ,?IS WAS ! LETT] :I* ! POLICE W]E TO SAY WAS 9 ,BATTOLA'S H&WRIT+4 ,CAILES & ,*>LES W]E CONNECT$ ?R\< ,C\LON -- & ON CLOS] 9SPECTION IT WAS F\ND ?AT ,C\LON HAD NOT ONLY UND]WRITT5 ,BATTOLA'S REPUTATION = ! M5 9 ,WALSALL BUT WAS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE = BR++ HIM 9TO ! CONSPIRACY4 ,BATTOLA LIV$ NEXT DOOR TO ,C\LON 9 ,FITZROY ,/REET & !Y W]E 9 CON/ANT COMMUNICATION4 ,HE DID NOT SPEAK ,5GLI% BUT DID SPEAK FLU5T ,FR5*1 AS PRISON LETT]S TE/IFY4.<#a#h#c.> ,BATTOLA DID NOT KN[ ,CAILES OR ,*>LES3 ! ONLY CONNECTION CONCEIVABLE BETWE5 !M IS ?R\< ,C\LON4 ,AS ,NICOLL SAYS3 

,SUPPOS+ ,BATTOLA WROTE ! LETT] DID HE NOT DO IT AT ,C\LON'S SUGGE/ION4 ,BATTOLA AN EXILE BURN+ ) HATR$ AGA9/ ! TYRANNY ?AT HAD DRIV5 HIM FROM HIS NATIVE L&1 MI<T BE EASILY WORK$ UPON TO ASSI/ ,C\LON 9 HIS NICE LITTLE PLOT ( MANUFACTUR+ 'BOMBS = ,RUSSIA' 444 ACCORD+ TO ,DEAK9'S CONFESSION1 ,C\LON WAS WRIT+ TO HURRY !M UP1 FROM #ai ,FITZROY ,/REET4 ,9 TRU? HE KEPT UP A VIGOR\S CORRESPOND5CE ) ! ,WALSALL PEOPLE 'PRESS+' !M TO HURRY ON ) ! BOMBS4 444 ,AT LA/ A LETT] >RIV$ FROM ,C\LON 9=M+ ! ,WALSALL M5 ?AT A MAN W\LD CALL ON ,SATURDAY1 ,DECEMB] #e? = SOME ( ! BOMBS :I* IT WAS EXPECT$ ,BULL[S W\LD HAVE COMPLET$ BY ?IS TIME4 ,ON ,DECEMB] #bND1 ! MAN >RIV$ 9 ! %APE ( ,BATTOLA4 

,C\LON HAD BE5 BUSY 9 O!R >EAS TOO4 ,HIS COMM& ( SEV]AL LANGUAGES SEEM$ TO RECOMM5D HIM = ! ',9T]NATIONAL ,NOTES' SECTION ( ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,HIS /YLE WAS *ATTY -- & HIS BASIC SUBJECT WAS DYNAMITE -- E4G4 0,\R ,AU/RIAN ,COMRADES BEAT ! RECORD ?IS TIME6 ,DYNAMITE SEEMS TO GR[ AS ?ICK !RE AS ROTT5 POTATOES 9 ,IREL&4 ,ONLY LA/ WEEK1 ,I M5TION$ TWO BOMB EXPLOSIONS 9 ,RU*5B]G1 & H]E AGA91 WE RECORD ANO!R 9F]NAL & DIABOLICAL MA*9E ?AT HAS ?R[N T]ROR & DISMAY 9TO ! M9D ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS02.<#a#h#d.> & 0,NO VOICE SPEAKS SO L\D AS ,DYNAMITE & WE >E GLAD TO SEE IT GETT+ 9TO USE ALL OV] ! PLACE40.<#a#h#e.> ,NICOLL1 AS $ITOR ( ! PAP]1 SAYS HE WAS UNWILL+ TO 9T]F]E ON :AT MI<T APPE> TO BE IDEOLOGICAL GR\NDS BUT F9ALLY LO/ HIS PATI5CE ) ,C\LON'S NOTES :5 0HE S5T ME 9 A P>AGRAPH CELEBRAT+ ! BL[+ UP ( A C[ 9 ,BELGIUM AS A GREAT & GOOD REVOLUTION>Y ACT & AS ,I W\LD NOT PUBLI% IT ,C\LON HAS NEV] =GIV5 ME40 

,9 ,OCTOB] #a#h#i#a1 ,C\LON WAS ORGANIZ+ *EMI/RY CLASSES4 0,! CLASS CONSI/$ ( M]E BOYS & ONE ( !M ,M -- .<#a#h#f.> WAS S5T TO ,M[BRAY & ,NICOLL ASK+ IF !Y W\LD JO94 ,!Y DECL9$ ) ?ANKS 444 & ! CLASS WAS DROPP$40 ,H[EV] ,M -- WAS PROVID$ ) A BOTTLE ( NITRIC ACID & A BOTTLE ( GLYC]9 & 5C\RAG$ TO />T ! PRODUCTION ( HOMEMADE NITROGLYC]94 ,LUCKILY ?IS EXCE$+LY DANG]\S PROCE$+ WAS PREV5T$ BY ! LAD'S FA!R F9D+ ! MAT]IALS & P\R+ !M \T ONTO A PAT* ( GR\ND4 ,ANO!R 05?USIA/ ,C --1 M$ICAL /UD5T1.<#a#h#g.> UND] ! DIRECTION ( ! >* CONSPIRATOR1 TRANSLAT$ ,MO/'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>F>E ?IS WAS TO BE PRIVATELY PR9T$ & DI/RIBUT$ TO ALL ! AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ! C\NTRY 444 ?IS BOOK CONTA9S SIMPLE DIRECTIONS CONC]N+ ! MANUFACTURE ( DYNAMITE & BOMBS40 ,SO1 ALL 9 ALL1 ,C\LON HAD BE5 A V]Y ACTIVE FELL[4 ,BUT AMONG SECTIONS ( ! =EIGN AN>*I/S ,C\LON HAD BECOME ! OBJECT ( SOME SUSPICION4 0,HE HAD BECOME A PETTY TYRANT1 & !RE W]E EV5 GRAV] *>GES AGA9/ HIM4 ,! RESULT HAD BE5 HIS DISMISSAL FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,S*OOL AT ! 5D ( ,OCTOB]4 444 ,HE MOV$ 9TO ,FITZROY ,SQU>E1 TAK+ A HI<LY RESPECTABLE DWELL+ = A MAN ') NO VISIBLE MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE'40 ,AT ! ,SUNDAY MEET+ AT ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB ON #a? ,JANU>Y #ahib -- ! ,SUNDAY FOLL[+ ! >RE/ ( ,DEAK9 ON ! #f? & ,CAILES & ,*>LES ON ! #g? -- 0,C\LON WAS OP5LY *>G$ ) BETRAY+ ! ,WALSALL M54 ',Y\ DO NO WORK2 H[ DO Y\ GET Y\R LIV+ IF Y\ >E NOT A POLICE SPY8' HE WAS ASK$4 ,HE REPLI$1 ',I AM A TRUE ,AN>*I/2 ,I LIVE BY PLUND]4' ,! EXPLANATION WAS NOT CONSID]$ SATISFACTORY & HE WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! CLUB40 ,BY ?IS TIME1 H[EV]1 IT WAS A LITTLE LATE4 

,! >RE/S ( ! ,WALSALL M5 & ! SUDD5 ACCUSATIONS ( ,C\LON BUR/ UPON ! ,5GLI% AN>*I/ SC5E AS A COMPLETE SURPRISE4 ,EV5 9 ,WALSALL1 ! BUS9ESS ( GETT+ ! BOMB CASES CA/ DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE BE5 KN[N AB\T \TSIDE ?OSE IMM$IATELY 9VOLV$4 ,IT SEEMS UNLIKELY ?AT ! MEMB]S ( ! ,WALSALL ,CLUB %\LD HAVE BE5 SO BLI! AB\T !IR TREATM5T ( ! DETECTIVES :O BEGAN TO DOG ! FOOT/EPS ( ! 'PROM95T MEMB]S' 9 E>LY ,DECEMB]4 0,!Y TOOK ! DETECTIVES = LONG WALKS 9TO ! C\NTRY BY ! BANKS ( ! CANAL1 :]E DISCUSSIONS W]E HELD AS TO ! ADVISABILITY ( GIV+ !M A DUCK+4 ,9 FACT !Y MADE ! DETECTIVES' LIVES UNBE>ABLE BY D9T ( *AFF1 9SULT & RIDICULE4 ,SO ! GAME W5T M]RILY ON40 ,AMONG ! ,5GLI% MOVEM5T BOMB PLOTS SEEM$ NOT TO BE A MAJOR CONC]N AT ! TIME ( ! ,WALSALL >RE/S4 ,ACTIVITY WAS CONC5TRAT$ 9 MORE TRADITIONAL >EAS4 ,ONE ( ! MAJOR CONC]NS ( ! SOCIALI/ WORLD WAS ! FI<T L$ BY ! ,S4,D4,F4 AT ! ,WORLD'S ,5D1 ,*ELSEA1 = ! RI<T ( FREE SPEE* :I* HAD BE5 GO+ ON S9CE ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#a1 RESULT+ 9 MANY >RE/S4 ,IT WAS BE+ TAK5 UP BY ASSORT$ ,LIB]AL_/,RADICAL B&WAGON JUMP]S4 ,AMONG ! ,LONDON AN>*I/S !RE WAS SOME?+ ( A SKIRMI% GO+ ON CONNECT$ ) ,JOHN ,TURN]'S ,UNIT$ ,%OP ,ASSI/ANTS ,UNION4 ,A %OPKEEP] 9 ! ,H>R[ ,ROAD1 NAM$ ,HAILE1 :O W\LD NOT ACC$E TO ! ,UNION'S DEM& ?AT HE CLOSE AT ! E>LI] TIME ( #ePM ON ,?URSDAYS1 WAS PICKET$ BY MEMB]S ( ! UNION TOGE!R ) SOME '\TSIDE AGITATORS'4 ,9 ,TURN]'S WORDS1 0! LOCAL EXCITEM5T HAD GR[N WEEK BY WEEK ) ! RESULT ?AT RIOTS OCCURR$1 ! %OP WAS RAID$ & ! M\NT$ POLICE W]E CALL$ \T40.<#a#h#h.> ,E>LI] ON 9 ! /RUGGLE1 PICKETS HAD BE5 *>G$ ) M9OR (F5SES -- ,TO*ATTI1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS >RE/$ = CAUS+ A DI/URBANCE & F9$ 9 ,OCTOB]4.<#a#h#i.> 

,! UNION HAD PAID ! F9ES 9VOLV$4 ,AS ! /RUGGLE ESCALAT$1 H[EV]1 0A MORE S]I\S VIEW0 WAS TAK5 ( ! SITUATION & ?REE PICKETS1 ONE ( :OM WAS ,DAVID ,NICOLL1 W]E >RE/$ & PROSECUT$ ON A MORE S]I\S CONSPIRACY *>GE4 ,CONVICT$1 !Y W]E S5T TO PRISON = A MON? ) ! OPTION ( A F9E4 ,! H>D-PRESS$ UNION1 ALMO/ BANKRUPT$ BY ! /RUGGLE1 TOOK ?REE DAYS TO RAISE ! MONEY TO GET ! M5 \T ( JAIL4 ,NICOLL WAS 9 JAIL :5 ,C\LON WAS ACCUS$ ( BE+ A POLICE AG5T4 

,IF ANYBODY WAS ?9K+ ( EXAMPLES ( '9DIVIDUAL ACTION' IMM$IATELY BE=E ! ,WALSALL CASE BROKE1 !Y W\LD PROBABLY BE MO/LY CONC]N$ ) ! RA!R F>CICAL ACTION ( ,JOHN ,EVELYN ,B>LAS 7A POET :OSE COLLECTION ( POEMS1 ,PHANTASMAGORIA1 WAS PUBLI%$ UND] ! P5 NAME ( ,EVELYN ,D\GLAS74 ,ON #c#a/ ,DECEMB] #a#h#i#a1 A POLICEMAN FIR/ HE>D & !N SAW HIM DIS*>G+ SEV]AL %OTS FROM A REVOLV] AT ! ,H\SES ( ,P>LIAM5T AT AB\T #i O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+4 ,! POLICEMAN RAN T[>DS HIM4 0,SEE+ WITNESS .<I4E4 POLICEMAN.> HE .<I4E4 ,B>LAS.> H&$ HIM ! REVOLV] SAY+1 ',I AM AN ,AN>*I/ & ,I 9T5D$ %OOT+ Y\ BUT !N ,I ?\<T IT IS A PITY TO %OOT AN HONE/ MAN4 ,:AT ,I HAVE DONE IS TO %[ MY CONTEMPT = ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS4' ,MAGI/RATE1 ',WAS ! PRISON] SOB]8' ,WITNESS1 ',P]FECTLY'40.<#a#i.> 

,! ACCUSATION AGA9/ ,C\LON & HIS EXPULSION FROM ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB WAS ! SUBJECT ( GREAT DEBATE4 ,NICOLL WAS PROBABLY TYPICAL ( ! ,5GLI% MOVEM5T3 

,I WAS TOTALLY IGNORANT ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! CONSPIRACY 7LIKE EV]YONE ELSE CONNECT$ ) ! ,COMMONWEAL71 ,I ?\<T IT EXTREMELY IMPROBABLE ?AT ,C\LON C\LD KN[ ANY?+ AB\T IT2 !RE=E ,I RES]V$ MY OP9ION4 ,C\LON REMA9$ 9 ,LONDON1 TILL ! ,?URSDAY ?AT ,BATTOLA WAS >RE/$1 PR(ESS+ ALL ! TIME TO BE V]Y MU* AFRAID ( >RE/4 ,HE DISAPPE>$ DIRECTLY AFT] ,BATTOLA WAS TAK54 

,I /ILL REMA9$ 9CR$UL\S AS TO ,C\LON'S P>T 9 ! CONSPIRACY TILL ,DEAK9'S CONFESSION WAS PUBLI%$4 ,!N ,I SAW AT ONCE :O WAS ! 9/IGATOR & ! BETRAY] ( ! PLOT4 

,DEAK9'S CONFESSION MADE IT CLE> H[ DEEPLY ,C\LON WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! CONSPIRACY4 ,EVID5CE ?AT ,C\LON WAS A POLICE AG5T WAS AT FIR/ CIRCUM/ANTIAL -- HIS V>I\S 9/IGAT+ ACTIVITIES COMB9$ ) A SURPRIS+ FRE$OM FROM 9T]F]5CE BY ! POLICE4 ,MORE SOLID EVID5CE WAS TO EM]GE4 ,NICOLL1 ON HIS RELEASE FROM PRISON1 />T$ A DEF5SE FUND & !N BECAME SECRET>Y ( ! DEF5SE COMMITTEE = ! PRISON]S4 ,HE SAYS1 0,! FRI5D ( A WEAL?Y ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ HAD AN 9T]VIEW ON A MATT] ( BUS9ESS ) ,C\LON'S BRO!R1 :O HAS A %OP 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD ( ,OLD ,/REET4 ,!Y M5TION$ ,C\LON1 & ! BRO!R1 :O WAS UNAW>E ?AT ! G5TLEMAN KNEW ANYONE 9 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 SAID1 ',YES1 MY BRO!R IS 9 ! PAY ( ! POLICE4 ,HE TELLS ME HE HAS BE5 9 ! EMPLOYM5T ( ,MELVILLE = TWO YE>S4 ,BUT ,I DID NOT ?9K TILL N[ ,MELVILLE WAS AT ,SCOTL& ,Y>D1 ,I ?\<T HE WAS A PRIVATE 9QUIRY (FIC]'40 ,?IS 9=MATION CAME 9TO ,NICOLL'S H&S & ?\< ! MAN WAS 9 NO WAY WILL+ TO BE PUBLICLY MIX$ UP 9 ! AFFAIR HE WAS PREP>$ TO REPEAT HIS CONV]SATION ) ,C\LON'S BRO!R TO ,W4,M4 ,?OMPSON1 ! B>RI/] HIR$ BY ! DEF5SE COMMITTEE4.<#a#i#a.> 

,) ?IS 9=MATION & SOME LETT]S WRITT5 BY ,C\LON TO V>I\S PEOPLE BE=E HIS DISAPPE>ANCE1 ,?OMPSON CROSS-EXAM9$ ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE AT ,WALSALL POLICE C\RT3 

,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE SAID HE HAD SOME EXP]I5CE ( !SE CASES4 444 ,HE HAD NOT BE5 5GAG$ 9 ANY CASES ABROAD1 BUT HE HAD MADE 9QUIRIES ABROAD AS TO =EIGN]S4 444 ,AMONG ! =EIGN]S HE HAD 9QUIR$ AB\T !RE WAS NOT ONE NAM$ ,C\LON4 ,HE KNEW A MAN ( ?AT NAME :O WAS A WELL KN[N ,AN>*I/4 ,HE HAD (T5 BE5 9 ,C\LON'S COMPANY BUT NOT AT ,SCOTL& ,Y>D4 ,TO HIS KN[L$GE1 ,C\LON HAD NEV] BE5 !RE4 ,HE C\LD NOT SWE> ?AT HE HAD NEV] GIV5 ,C\LON ANY?+ TO DO = HIM BUT HE DID NOT REMEMB] HAV+ DONE SO4 ,HE W\LD NOT SWE> ?AT HE HAD NOT PAID ,C\LON MONEY1 = HE HAD PAID LOTS ( ,AN>*I/S MONEY4 ,MR ,?OMPSON3 ',HAVE Y\ PAID HIM ANY MONEY8' ,WITNESS ASK$ ! ,B5* IF HE W]E TO ANSW] SU* A QUE/ION & ,MR ,Y\NG1 ! PROSECUT+ C\NSEL1 SAID ?AT IF !SE QUE/IONS W]E DESIGN$ M]ELY TO GET ! NAME ( ! 9=M] !Y C\LD NOT BE PUT4 ,MR ,?OMPSON3 ',MY !ORY IS ?IS1 ?AT ANY SUSPICI\S ELEM5T 9 ! CASE IS ! WORK ( ?IS MAN ,C\LON :O IS AN AG5T ( ! ,POLICE4' 7,L\D APPLAUSE7 ,! ,MAYOR 7:O WAS ON ! ,B5*73 ',IF !RE IS ANY MORE ( ?IS1 WE %ALL CLE> ! C\RT4 ,WE DECIDE ?AT ON ! GR\ND ( PUBLIC DUTY1 ! QUE/ION %\LD NOT BE PUT4'.<#a#i#b.> 

,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE'S REPLIES >E MORE ?AN A LITTLE %IFTY H]E & MU* ! SAME C\LD BE SAID ( HIS REPLIES ON ! FOLL[+ ,MONDAY1 #a#e? ,FEBRU>Y1 :5 ,?OMPSON (F]$ HIM ,C\LON'S ADDRESS FROM ONE ( HIS LETT]S4 ,IT LOOK$ V]Y BAD 9DE$ ?AT ! POLICE %\LD DECL9E TO ACCEPT 9=MATION LEAD+ !M TO A MAN DIRECTLY CIT$ 9 ! CONFESSION BY ,DEAK9 AS BE+ A C5TRAL FIGURE 9 ! CONSPIRACY4 ,BUT IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT ,W4,M4 ,?OMPSON MADE A GREAT MI/AKE 9 BR++ UP ! QUE/ION ( POLICE PROVOCATION 9 ! POLICE C\RT4 ,BY ! TIME ! CASE CAME UP AT ! ,/AF=D ,ASSIZES ! ,9SPECTOR WAS W>N$1 ! PROSECUTION WAS W>N$1 & /EPS C\LD 7& W]E7 TAK5 TO EVADE ! QUE/ION :]E IT MI<T ACTUALLY HAVE HELP$ ! DEF5DANTS -- 9 FRONT ( A JURY4 ,9 A SMALL & REACTION>Y T[N ! =CES ( LAW & ORD] HAVE A T5D5CY TO TRY & IMPRESS PRE/IGI\S VISITORS FROM ,LONDON4 ,IF ?AT MEANT REM&+ PRISON]S 9 CU/ODY ON NO EVID5CE EXCEPT ! BELIEF ( ! *IEF CON/ABLE ?AT !Y W]E GUILTY1 KEEP+ !M ALMO/ COMPLETELY )\T B$D+ 9 ! MIDDLE ( W9T] & FE$+ !M SUFFICI5T FOOD 'ONLY TO KEEP BODY & S\L TOGE!R' AS ! *IEF CON/ABLE PUT IT -- IF ?IS WAS :AT SEEM$ REQUIR$ !Y W]E GLAD TO DO IT4 ,W4,M4 ,?OMPSON %\LD HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT ! ,MAYOR ( ,WALSALL W\LD NOT KN[ H[ TO LI/5 TO ALLEGATIONS ( MALPRACTISE AGA9/ ! CELEBRAT$ ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE ( ,SCOTL& ,Y>D4 ,& S9CE HE DID NOT KN[ H[ TO LI/5 HE W\LD NOT BO!R TO TRY4 ,! PRISON]S W]E COMMITT$ = TRIAL AT ,/AF=D ,ASSIZES & REM&$ 9 CU/ODY AT ,/AF=D ,JAIL4 ,!RE1 H[EV]1 ! CONDITIONS W]E SOME:AT BETT]4 

,!RE WAS SOME MEASURE ( PRESS HY/]IA OV] ! CASE :I* P>TICUL>LY MADE HAY ) ,! ,MEANS ( ,EMANCIPATION & ANO!R TEXT 5TITL$ ,! ,AN>*I/ ,FEA/ AT ! ,OP]A ?AT W]E F\ND 9 ,*>LES'S & ,CAILES'S POSSESSION4 ,! HY/]IA COMMUNICAT$ ITSELF TO ! POLICE1 :O >RE/$ A ,SWISS NAM$ ,CAV>GNA 9 NE>BY ,H&SWOR? ON ! GR\NDS ?AT HE WAS A DANG]\S AN>*I/4 ,HE WAS NO?+ ( ! SORT -- HE HAD 9V5T$ SOME SMALL EXPLOSIVE %ELLS = EXT]M9AT+ RABBITS 9 ,AU/RALIA & C\LD PRODUCE CORRESPOND5CE ) ! PAT5T (FICE TO EXPLA9 :Y HE HAD EXPLOSIVES 9 HIS POSSESSION4 ,HE SP5T =TY-EI<T H\RS 9 JAIL1 H[EV]1 BE=E ! POLICE RA!R RELUCTANTLY RELEAS$ HIM4 

,! SC5E WAS ALSO 5LIV5$ BY ! ACTIVITIES ( A MO/ UNATTRACTIVE P]SON NAM$ ,MC,CORMACK4 ,A COMPLETE P>ASITE1 HE ?IEV$ FROM COMRADES :O HELP$ HIM &1 9 FACT1 HAD FOLL[$ ! EV]-G5]\S ,*>LES TO ,WALSALL4.<#a#i#c.> ,!RE HE HAD MANAG$ TO DISGRACE HIMSELF COMPLETELY AS F> AS ! ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB WAS CONC]N$4 ,:5 ! ,WALSALL CASE BROKE HE (F]$ HIS S]VICES AS 9=M] TO ,*IEF ,CON/ABLE ,TAYLOR ( ,WALSALL1 WAS ACCEPT$1 9/ALL$ 9 LODG+S 9 ! POLICE /ATION & PAID TWO %ILL+S A DAY4 ,H[EV]1 AFT] SOME RESE>* 9TO HIS BACKGR\ND IT WAS ?\<T EXP$I5T TO RELEASE HIM FROM ?IS EMPLOYM5T4 ,MC,CORMACK !N W5T TO ,BIRM+HAM & SOLD A /ORY TO ! ,BIRM+HAM ,DAILY ,>GUS 5TITL$ ',! ,ADV5TURES ( A ,POLICE ,SPY' :I* EV5TUALLY APPE>$ ON #a#f? ,FEBRU>Y4 ,9 ! MEANTIME ,MC,CORMACK GOT DRUNK ON ! PROCE$S & /OOD UP & ADDRESS$ A CR[D 9 ! /REETS ( ,BIRM+HAM ON AN>*Y -- :E!R = OR AGA9/ IS NOT RECORD$4 ,>RE/$ = BE+ DRUNK & DISORD]LY1 HE APPE>$ 9 C\RT ! NEXT DAY & MU* TO ! EMB>RASSM5T ( EV]YBODY SAID ?AT HE HAD BE5 EMPLOY$ BY ,SCOTL& ,Y>D 9 0GETT+ UP EVID5CE0 AGA9/ ! ,WALSALL PRISON]S & 0HAD WORK$ H>D = ! POLICE AS ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE ( ,SCOTL& ,Y>D C\LD TE/IFY40 ,HE WAS GIV5 SEV5 DAYS4 7,HE WAS NOT COMPLETELY CA/ (F BY ! POLICE1 H[EV]3 SOME MEASURE ( PROTECTION WAS AF=D$ HIM AT V>I\S LAT] APPE>ANCES AT ,T[] ,HILL1 ETC47.<#a#i#d.> 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! AN>*I/S DID :AT !Y C\LD TO DEF5D !IR COMRADES & TO PO9T \T ! POLITICS ( ! SITUATION4 ,GEORGE ,CORES1 AN EX-,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE AN>*I/1 CAME TO ,WALSALL FROM ,LEICE/] TO COORD9ATE ! LOCAL PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN4 ,AFT] ! SIX M5 W]E COMMITT$ = TRIAL ! FIR/ NUMB] ( :AT WAS PRES5T$ AS A REGUL> LOCAL WEEKLY PAP] WAS PUBLI%$ FROM ! CLUB AT #ah ,GOODALL ,/REET ON #b#g? ,FEBRU>Y4 ,IT WAS 9 FACT ! ISSUE ( ,COMMONWEAL ( ?AT DATE ) ITS HEAD+ *ANG$ TO READ ! ,WALSALL ,AN>*I/4 ,IT COV]$ ! USE ( POLICE AG5TS 9 ! CASE & ATTEMPT$ TO C\NT] ! FR5ZI$ ANTI-AN>*I/ PROPAG&A 9 ! LOCAL PRESS4 ,IT REPR9T$ A LETT] S5T BY ,CORES TO ! ,BIRM+HAM ,DAILY ,>GUS :I* GAVE A VIGOR\S EXPOSITION ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM & ALSO ATTEMPT$ TO M5D ! DAMAGE DONE BY ,! ,AN>*I/ ,FEA/ AT ! ,OP]A1 :I* HAD ALREADY RECEIV$ QUITE A LOT ( PUBLICITY 9 ! LOCAL PRESS4 ,?IS LATT] PIECE ( ,GR& ,GUIGNOL WAS A DETAIL$ ACC\NT ( H[ TO CAUSE ! MAXIMUM AM\NT ( C>NAGE 9 AN OP]A H\SE BY ! SIMPLE/ ME?ODS4 

,COMRADES W]E TO BUY SEATS 9 ! *EAPE/1 HI<E/ GALL]Y 9 ! BUILD+ & AS OPPORTUNITY PRES5T$ ITSELF -- 9 AN 9T]VAL = EXAMPLE -- ! COMRADES W]E TO CUT ! GAS PIPES :I* S]VIC$ ! H\SE LI<TS SUFFICI5TLY TO ALL[ L>GE QUANTITIES ( GAS TO FLOAT UP TO ! CEIL+ AS ! P]=MANCE PROCE$$4 ,! COMRADES W]E !N TO PU% 9C5DI>Y DEVICES ?R\< SLITS 9 ! SEAT COV]S 9TO ! /UFF+4 ,!SE W\LD SPONTANE\SLY COMBU/ AFT] A P]IOD ( TIME SUFFICI5T TO ALL[ ! COMRADES TO SLIP AWAY4 ,!N ! GAS W\LD EXPLODE & GREAT W\LD BE ! DE/RUCTION1 ! MOAN+ & ! GNA%+ ( TEE?4 

,?IS MAY SEEM HORROR-COMIC /UFF TO US N[1 BUT AT ! TIME IT WAS US$ TO GREAT EFFECT AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S4 7,FUR!RMORE1 ,MO/ HAD GIV5 DETAIL$ 9/RUCTIONS = DELAY$-ACTION 9C5DI>Y DEVICES 9 HIS ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W> ,SCI5CE47 ,! ,FEA/ 0PURPORT$ TO BE A TRANSLATION FROM A ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,PAP]10 WROTE ,CORES4 

,IT ADVOCAT$ ! BURN+ ( !AT]S & W5T ON TO EXPRESS ! JOY ( ! WRIT] C\LD HE HE> ! FRIZZL+ ( HUMAN BODIES & TA/E ! BROIL$ FLE% ( ! RI*4 ,?IS HAS BE5 FREELY US$ TO %[ :AT AN AWFUL CLASS ( PEOPLE WE ,AN>*I/S >E4 ,WELL1 ,I KN[ ) :AT HORROR & DISGU/ ,I READ ! >TICLE REF]R$ TO1 & ,I HAVE BE5 GRATIFI$ TO F9D EV]Y ,AN>*I/ ,I HAVE MET ( ! SAME M9D4 ,MORE1 FROM MY KN[L$GE ( ,AN>*I/S1 !Y W\LD BE AMONG ! V]Y FIR/ TO SAVE LIFE NOT TO DE/ROY IT4 ,& 9 A BURN+ !AT] IT IS ! WORK]S1 !IR WIVES & *ILDR5 :O SUFF] MO/ FROM ANY PANIC4 ,! RI* HAVE ! BE/ *ANCE ( ESCAPE4 ,HUMAN SUFF]+ BR+S NO JOY TO ! HE>T ( AN ,AN>*I/4 ,IT IS ! EXI/5CE ( HUMAN SUFF]+ ?AT MAKES HIM SU* A DET]M9$ FOE ( ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION & MIS]Y4 ,! PAP] ,I HAVE ALLUD$ TO 7SO ,FR5* ,AN>*I/S TELL US7.<#a#i#e.> IS PUBLI%$ BY AN AG5T ( ! ,FR5* ,SECRET ,POLICE TO DISCR$IT ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS NOT LIKE ANY ORD9>Y ,AN>*I/ ORGAN -- PUBLI%$ BY A KN[N ,AN>*I/ SOCIETY & DI/RIBUT$ OR BROADCA/1 BUT SECRETLY & S5T ONLY TO PROM95T REVOLUTIONI/S4 

,BUT ,GEORGE ,CORES WAS SWIMM+ AGA9/ ! TIDE4 ,! LOCAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS DISMAY$ & C[$ BY ! >RE/S & ! TRIAL ) ALL ! ATT5DANT PUBLICITY4 ,! CLUB WAS CLOS$ & LOCAL REACTION>Y =CES W]E MOBILIZ$ AGA9/ !M1 ?\< LOCAL MEET+S HELD = SOME WEEKS WORE \T ?IS OPPOSITION BY %E] BLOODY-M9D$ N]V\S 5]GY4 

,MATT]S W]E NOT HELP$ BY BEH9D-!-SC5ES BICK]+ OV] ! F9ANCE & POLICY ( ! DEF5SE ( ! ,WALSALL M54 ,AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ,NICOLL WAS ASK$ BY MEMB]S ( ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB TO SET UP A DEF5SE FUND = ,*>LES & ,BATTOLA1 ,ROB]T ,B+HAM 9 ,%EFFIELD HAD APPROA*$ ,$W>D ,C>P5T] TO ASK HIM TO SET UP A FUND = ,*>LES4 7,*>LES HAD SP5T SOME TIME 9 ,%EFFIELD1 AS WE HAVE SE51 & ,C>P5T] C]TA9LY MET HIM1 = HE WRITES MO/ AFFECTIONATELY AB\T HIM 9 HIS MEMOIRS47 ,NICOLL'S FUND WAS PUBLICIZ$ ?R\< ! COLUMNS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL2 ,C>P5T]'S ?R\< ,FRE$OM4 ,C>P5T] ASK$ ,NICOLL TO PUT HIS FUND 9 ) HIS4 ,NICOLL & ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB PEOPLE FLATLY REFUS$ -- ,NICOLL DOES NOT SAY :Y BUT WE HAVE ALREADY NOTIC$ ! ATTITUDE ( ,NICOLL TO ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P4 ,AS 'MIDDLE-CLASS FADDI/S' !Y MI<T NOT BE RELI$ UPON TO PROVIDE A H>D 5\< DEF5SE4 ,C>P5T]1 APP>5TLY WAS V]Y ANGRY AT ?IS REFUSAL -- OR SO ,NICOLL SAID4 ,9 FACT1 WE HAVE TO RELY RA!R HEAVILY ON ,NICOLL'S ACC\NT H]E4.<#a#i#f.> ,HE SAYS ?AT ! SOLICITOR FRI5D ( ,C>P5T]'S1 ,H4 ,GORE1 :OM ,C>P5T] EMPLOY$ 9 ! CASE1 WAS 9DIGNANT ) ,W4,M4 ,?OMPSON = RAIS+ ! QUE/ION ( POLICE PROVOCATION 9 ! POLICE C\RT4 ,& IT DOES NOT SEEM ?AT IT WAS = REASONS ( A BETT] TACTICAL USE ( ! RELEVANT EVID5CE -- ! B>RI/] 7,WILLIS7 HIR$ BY ,GORE NEV] REF]R$ TO POLICE PROVOCATION 9 HIS PRES5TATION ( ! DEF5SE CASE AT ,/AF=D ,ASSIZES4 

,NICOLL ALSO SAYS ?AT ,GORE /OPP$ SOME CONTRIBUTIONS REA*+ ,NICOLL'S FUND1 SO MU* DID !Y DISAPPROVE ( ! 0POLICE PROVOCATION0 L9E3 0,!SE RESPECTABLE PEOPLE SEEM AS 9DIGNANT AS AN OLD ,TORY REACTION>Y AT ANY ATTACKS ON ,SCOTL& ,Y>D40 ,! DIFFICULTIES ?IS CONFLICT BR\<T AB\T -- AN UNFOCUS$ & MESSY DEF5SE = ! ACCUS$ AMONG O!R ?+S -- DID NOT COMP>E1 H[EV]1 ) ! NEWS FROM ,FRANCE1 :I* CREAT$ AN ATMOSPH]E :I* W\LD HAVE SEV]ELY TE/$ ! T\<E/ DEF5SE4 

,! NEWS FROM ,FRANCE WAS ( BOMB EXPLOSIONS4 ,ON #a#a? ,M>* A BOMB EXPLOD$ AT ! H\SE ( ,M4 ,B5OIT 9 ! ,B\LEV>D ,SA9T-,G]MA91 ,P>IS4 ,NO ONE WAS S]I\SLY HURT BUT !RE WAS CONSID]ABLE DAMAGE DONE4 ,B5OIT HAD BE5 ! PRESID+ JUDGE AT ! TRIAL ( ! TWO AN>*I/S CONDEMN$ TO JAIL S5T5CES AFT] ! FI<T+ AT ,CLI*Y ,LEVALLOIS ON #a/ ,MAY #a#h#i#a4 ,ON #a#h? ,M>* A BOMB EXPLOD$ AT ! ,LOBAU B>RACKS4 ,ON #b#g? ,M>* !RE WAS AN EXPLOSION 9 ! ,RUE DE ,CLI*Y1 ,P>IS1 AT ! AP>TM5T ( ,M4 ,BULOT1 9 :I* FIVE PEOPLE W]E 9JUR$ & MU* DAMAGE WAS DONE TO ! BUILD+4 ,BULOT HAD BE5 ! PROSECUTOR AT ! ,CLI*Y ,LEVALLOIS TRIAL4 ,! BOMBS AT ! JUDGE & PROSECUTOR'S RESID5CES HAD BE5 SET BY ,RAVA*OL4 7,NO ONE WAS ACCUS$ ( ! ,LOBAU B>RACKS BOMB+ UNTIL SOME TIME LAT] :5 ,MEUNI] WAS EXTRADIT$ FROM ,5GL& & S5T5C$ TO LIFE IMPRISONM5T = ?IS & ANO!R EXPLOSION AT ! ,CAFE ,V]Y47 ,DUE TO 9CR$IBLE 9DISCRETIONS ON HIS P>T ,RAVA*OL WAS >RE/$ 9 ,P>IS1 ON #c? ,M>* #a#h#i#b4 ,! DETAILS ( HIS BOMB+S1 ROBB]IES1 & ( HIS >RE/ & TRIALS CAN BE F\ND ELSE:]E4.<#a#i#g.> ,:AT CONC]NS US H]E IS ! CONSID]ABLE EFFECT !SE EV5TS W]E TO HAVE ON ! TRIAL ( ! ,WALSALL M54 ,! ,P>IS CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,TIMES1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS S5D+ REALLY QUITE FR5ZI$ REPORTS3 

,NO POSSIBLE POLITICAL 5D CAN BE ADDUC$ TO JU/IFY OR EXPLA9 ! DETE/ABLE ACTS :I* HAVE />TL$ US ALL4 ,IT IS CLE>LY ! W> ( DISORD] & *AOS AGA9/ ORD] & LAW4 ,IT IS CRIME = CRIME'S SAKE4 ,IT IS MURD] & HAVOC ACT+ 9 ! S]VICE ( COVET\SNESS1 HATR$ & ALL EVIL4 ,UND\BT$LY ALL ,AN>*I/S >E NOT ASSASS9S BUT ALL ASSASS9S >E READY TO 9CREASE ! >MY ( ,AN>*I/S & IT REALLY IS ) AN >MY ( MURD]]S ?AT SOCIETY HAS N[ TO DEAL4.<#a#i#h.> 

,S9CE IT HAD ALREADY BE5 MADE QUITE CLE> ?AT ! BOMBS HAD BE5 AIM$ AT MEMB]S ( ! JUDICI>Y 9 REV5GE = ! S5T5CES AT ,CLI*Y ,LEVALLOIS &1 FUR!RMORE1 S9CE NO ONE HAD BE5 KILL$ 9 !SE ATTACKS1 ! LANGUAGE ( ! ,P>IS CORRESPOND5T SEEMS A LITTLE OV]-9FLAT$4 ,! C5T] ( ! MATT]1 H[EV]1 IS MADE CLE> A FEW L9ES LAT]4 0,9 ! /RESS ( SO WIDE A DANG] !RE %\LD C]TA9LY BE AN 9T]NATIONAL LEAGUE PREV5T+ EV]Y MURD]] ( ?IS SORT FROM F9D+ A PLACE TO L+] EV5 = A NI<T 9 ANY C\NTRY UND] ! SUN40 ,&1 NEATLY SWIT*+ ! EMPHASIS BUT PRES]V+ ! ODIUM1 HE CONT9UES3 0,AN>*I/S %\LD NOT BE REG>D$ AS MEMB]S ( A POLITICAL P>TY1 & IT %\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE = AN ,AN>*I/ TO HURRY AWAY FROM ,P>IS TO F9D AN ASYLUM 9 ,BRUSSELS1 9 ,G5EVA OR 9 ,LONDON40 

,?IS WAS TO BECOME A FAMILI> !ME4 ,GOV]NM5TS :OSE DISSID5TS HAD ESCAP$ ABROAD RES5T$ /RONGLY !IR ABILITY TO CONT9UE TO CAUSE !M DIFFICULTY FROM !IR EXILE BY PUBLI%+ PROPAG&A & DI/RIBUT+ IT FROM A SAFE BASE4 ,! V]Y EXI/5CE ( A SAFE PLACE TO RUN TO T5D$ TO MAKE ! AS YET UN-EXIL$ DISSID5TS BOLD] 9 !IR ACTIONS4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT MANY CONT95TAL GOV]NM5TS W]E TO EX]T CONSID]ABLE DIPLOMATIC PRESSURE & TO 9DULGE 9 CONSID]ABLE PUBLIC RELATIONS WORK 9 ORD] TO CLOSE ! MORE LIB]AL HAV5S TO POLITICAL REFUGEES4 ,! RELATIVE SECURITY 7OR LACK ( IT7 GIV5 TO POLITICAL REFUGEES WAS (T5 A B>GA9+ C\NT] 9 DIPLOMATIC MANEUV]+S & 5T5TES4 ,AS F> AS NATIVE ,BRITI% *AUV9ISM W5T1 ! CRY = ANTI-AN>*I/ LEGISLATION WAS MIX$ 9 ) 'FAIR TRADE' DEM&S1 DEM&S = ! ?R[+ \T ( 'PAUP] ALI5S' & SO ON4 ,! SMOKESCRE5 ?R[N UP BY PR(ESSIONALLY EXCITABLE FELL[S LIKE ! ,P>IS CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,TIMES ALL[$ ! AU?ORITIES A C]TA9 LATITUDE 9 !IR H&L+ ( IMMIGRANTS4 ,IT C]TA9LY MADE ! LIVES ( POLITICAL EXILES 9 ,LONDON H>D] & SADDL$ ! ,5GLI% AN>*I/ ) A REPUTATION ?AT WAS BO? DANG]\S & DIFFICULT TO LIVE UP TO4 

,! TRIAL AT ,/AF=D ,ASSIZES ( ! SIX ,WALSALL M5 BEGAN ON #c? ,M>* -- ! SAME DAY ?AT ,RAVA*OL WAS >RE/$4 ,ON #d? ,APRIL ! NEWSPAP]S REPORT$ ,RAVA*OL'S CONFESSIONS1 :I* NOT ONLY QUITE BREEZILY ADMITT$ ! BOMB+S BUT ALSO %[$ HIM TO BE G5IALLY UNREP5TANT3 0444IF ,I HAD NOT BE5 TAK5 ,I W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 SATISFI$ ) !SE EXPLOSIONS4 ,NONE ( ?OSE :O HAD HELP$ PROSECUTE \R MATES W\LD HAVE ESCAP$40.<#a#i#i.> ,HE W\LD1 HE SAID1 ALSO HAVE PAID SOME ATT5TION TO ! DEPUTIES RESPONSIBLE = PUTT+ =W>D ! ALT]ATIONS 9 ! DYNAMITE LAWS :I* MADE ?REAT5+ ! USE ( EXPLOSIVES AS HE9\S A CRIME AS ATTEMPT TO MURD]4 

,! NEWSPAP]S ( #e? ,APRIL C>RI$ NEWS ( A N>R[LY AV]T$ ATTEMPT BY AN>*I/S TO BOMB ! ,SPANI% ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES4.<#b.> ,!Y ALSO REPORT$ ! 5D ( ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S' TRIAL4 

,! PROSECUTION AT ,/AF=D ,ASSIZES WAS CONDUCT$ BY ! ATTORNEY G5]AL1 :I* GIVES SOME IDEA ( ! IMPORTANCE GIV5 ! TRIAL BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! JUDGE WAS ,JU/ICE ,HAWK9S 7ALREADY NICKNAM$ ',HANGMAN' ,HAWK9S74 ,! TRIAL ITSELF APP>5TLY PROCE$$ ) DIGNIFI$ IRRELEVANCE -- READ+ ! ,TIMES REPORTS ( ! TRIAL ONE GETS NO S5SE ( A BATTLE EI!R TO PROVE GUILT OR TO ASS]T 9NOC5CE4 ,! EVID5CE BR\<T =W>D BY ! ,CR[N WAS ?AT GIV5 TO ! POLICE C\RT TOGE!R ) EVID5CE FROM EXPLOSIVES & H&WRIT+ EXP]TS & SOME ADDITIONAL EVID5CE ?AT ! PRISON]S HAD BE5 SE5 TOGE!R4 ,! TRUE NATURE ( ! TRIAL IS BETT] EXPRESS$ BY ! REPRESSIVE ATMOSPH]E 9 ! C\RT4 ,FRE$OM REPORT$ 0444 ! SY/EM ( SPY+ HAS BE5 DREADFUL ?R\<\T4 ,EV]Y REM>K MADE BY ! PRISON]S TO !IR SOLICITOR1 OR VICE V]SA1 9 ! C\RT WAS EAG]LY PICK$ UP IF POSSIBLE BY A B& ( ATT5DANT DETECTIVES4 ,ALMO/ EV]YONE 9T]E/$ 9 ! CASE WAS '%AD[$' AT ,/AF=D40.<#b#a.> ,SOME PEOPLE W]E REFUS$ 5TRANCE BECAUSE !Y HAD ! WRONG FACE4 ,! ,CR[N -- ! :OLE C\RT -- ASSUM$ GUILT & ! DEF5SE1 AS F> AS ONE CAN SEE1 PUT UP A MIS]ABLE DISPLAY ( %AD[ BOX+4 ,! ATTEMPTS BY ,DEAK9'S C\NSEL TO HAVE HIS CONFESSION SET ASIDE1 ON ! GR\NDS ( ITS HAV+ BE5 OBTA9$ ?R\< 9DUCEM5TS1 W]E PA!TIC4 ,W4,M4 ,?OMPSON'S ATTEMPTS TO GET ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE TO AGA9 MAKE 9JUDICI\S REF]5CES TO 0PAY+ LOTS ( ,AN>*I/S MONEY0 W]E 9EFFECTUAL4 

,NEI!R ( !SE TWO LAWY]S SEEM$ PREP>$ TO HAMM] AWAY AT ! ONLY TWO PO9TS :I* C\LD HAVE SAV$ ! M5 -- ! CONFESSION FROM ,DEAK91 OBTA9$ BY ?REAT OR 9DUCEM5T1 TOGE!R ) ! ACTIVITIES ( ,C\LON 9 SETT+ UP ! PLOT & HIS RELATIONS ) ! POLICE4 ,NOR DID !Y MAKE ANY REAL ATTEMPT TO ?R[ D\BT ON ! IMPRESSION GIV5 BY ! ,CR[N ?AT ! PSY*OTIC FANTASY ( ,! ,AN>*I/ ,FEA/ AT ! ,OP]A -- :I* WAS READ 9 FULL -- REPRES5T$ ! VIEWS ( ! M5 ON TRIAL4 ,! C\NSEL = ,*>LES -- ,WILLIS1 PAID = ?R\< ,C>P5T]'S FUND -- PROPOS$ AS ! CORE ( HIS DEF5SE ?AT S9CE NO EXPLOSIVE SUB/ANCES HAD BE5 F\ND !Y C\LD NOT BE F\ND GUILTY UND] ! ,EXPLOSIVES ,ACT4 ,& IF A P>AGRAPH ( ! ,EXPLOSIVES ,ACT REF]R$ TO ! ILLEGALITY ( 0ANY APP>ATUS1 ETC41 US$ 444 OR ADAPT$ = CAUS+1 OR AID+ 9 CAUS+ ANY EXPLOSION 444 ALSO ANY P>T ( ANY SU* APP>ATUS10 NOBODY WAS 9 ANY MOOD TO ACCEPT HIS SUBTLE DI/9CTION BETWE5 PATT]NS = BOMB CASES & BOMB CASES !MSELVES4 ,HAV+ MADE LITTLE DIFF]5CE TO ! C\RSE ( ! TRIAL1 9 HIS F9AL SPEE* HE TOOK IT UPON HIMSELF TO EXPLA9 9 EFFECT ?AT DESP]ATE SITUATIONS SOMETIMES BRE$ DESP]ATE ACTS -- :I* WAS NOT REALLY A CLEV] ?+ TO SAY 9 :AT WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE A CONCILIATORY DEF5SE4 ,ON #d? ,APRIL ! JURY RETIR$ & AFT] AN H\R & ?REE-QU>T]S RETURN$ TO PRON\NCE ,*>LES1 ,CAILES & ,BATTOLA GUILTY2 ,DEAK9 GUILTY BUT ) A RECOMM5DATION = M]CY2 & ,WE/LEY & ,DIT*FIELD NOT GUILTY4 

,! CONVICT$ PRISON]S W]E !N ASK$ IF !Y HAD ANY?+ TO SAY4 ,& IT WAS ONLY H]E ?AT SOME?+ LIKE DAYLI<T FELL UPON ! :OLE VICI\S BUFFOON]Y ( ! LEGAL PROCESS4 ,*>LES /AT$ OP5LY ?AT ! AFFAIR WAS A POLICE PLOT & REF]R$ TO ! MEMOIRS ( ! POLICE *IEF ,&RIEUX1 ( ,P>IS1 :O HAD >RANG$ = EXPLOSIONS TO TAKE PLACE 9 ORD] TO 9CRIM9ATE AN>*I/S4 ,HE /AT$ ?AT ! BOMBS HAD BE5 REPRES5T$ AS BE+ 9T5D$ = ,RUSSIA -- F9D+ !Y W]E NOT1 0HE AT ONCE AB&ON$ ANY CONNECTION ) !M40 ,BATTOLA -- :O PUT ON ! BRAVE/ FRONT AMONG !M -- MADE A LONG SPEE* ?R\< AN 9T]PRET]4 ,COMPLETELY UNAW$ BY HIS SURR\ND+S -- ?\< PRUD5T 5\< TO D5Y ANY CONNECTION ) BOMB-MAK+ -- HE ACCUS$ HIS ACCUS]S 0:O HAD KEPT HIM FROM HIS WIFE & *ILDR5 444 ( ALL ! CRIMES ( ! AGE1 ( ALL ! MURD]S PROMPT$ BY WANT & ALL ! SUICIDES40.<#b#b.> ,HE ALSO D5\NC$ ,C\LON AS ! 9/IGATOR ( ! PLOT4 ,CAILES1 TOO1 SPOKE DEFIANTLY4 ,BUT IT WAS TOO LATE1 F> TOO LATE4 ,JU/ICE ,HAWK9S DECL>$ ?AT 0NO P>T ( ! S5T5CE HE PASS$ WAS BECAUSE !Y W]E ,AN>*I/ OR BECAUSE ( ! POSSESSION ( ?OSE DOCUM5TS40 ,*>LES1 ,BATTOLA & ,CAILES W]E GIV5 T5 YE>S EA*1 & ,DEAK9 FIVE4 ! ,TIMES1 H[EV]1 WAS A LITTLE MORE HONE/3 

,! (F5SE ) :I* ! PRISON]S W]E *>G$ IS ONE ( ! MO/ DA/>DLY & WICK$ :I* IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONCEIVE4 ,LIKE TREASON IT IS AIM$ AT ! V]Y HE>T ( ! ,/ATE1 BUT IT IS NOT DESIGN$ TO DE/ROY ! EXI/+ ,GOV]NM5T ALONE4 ,IT /RIKES AT ALL ,GOV]NM5TS1 & BEH9D ALL ,GOV]NM5TS IT /RIKES AT ?OSE ELEM5T>Y SOCIAL RI<TS = ! DEF5SE ( :I* ALL =MS & ME?ODS ( CIVIL RULES EXI/4 ,! CRIME ( :I* ! ,WALSALL PRISON]S HAVE BE5 F\ND GUILTY WAS NO ISOLAT$ ACT4 444 ,HATE1 5VY1 ! LU/ ( PLUND] & ! LU/ ( BLOOD%$ >E /AMP$ ON EV]Y L9E ( ! ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE READ AT ,WALSALL & ON EV]Y WORD ( ! CONFESSIONS MADE BY ,R,A,V,A,*,O,L4 

,! S5T5CES1 ! ,TIMES RECOGNIZ$1 W]E SEV]E4 ,BUT1 IT SAID1 0\R COLUMNS ?IS MORN+ CONTA9 ABUNDANT EVID5CE ?AT ?IS IS NO TIME TO DEAL LI<TLY ) SU* CRIMES 4440 ,IT WAS REF]R+ TO ! ATTEMPT ON ! ,SPANI% ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES1 NEWS ( O!R ATTEMPT$ \TRAGES & A LI/ ( FAIRLY REC5T1 MA9LY ,F5IAN1 BOMB EXPLOSIONS 9 ,5GL& PREP>$ BY ,H4,M4 ,9SPECTORS ( ,EXPLOSIVES4.<#b#c.> ,! PRISON]S ( ,WALSALL W]E SUFF]+ NOT ONLY = BREAK+ ! LAW BUT = ! DA/>DLY CRIME ( MAK+ ! RUL+ CLASS N]V\S4 

,AS ! CASE PROCE$$ ! AN>*I/S DID :AT !Y C\LD TO PUBLICIZE ! CASE & TO PROVIDE BACK-UP SUPPORT = ! IMPRISON$ M54 ,AT ! C5T] ( ?IS ACTIVITY WAS ,DAVID ,NICOLL1 ! $ITOR ( ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,9 ADDITION TO RAIS+ MONEY = ! DEF5SE HE SPOKE AT MEET+S1 RESE>*$ ! BACKGR\ND ( ! CASE & LOBBI$ ! RADICAL PRESS & ANYBODY ELSE :O MI<T HAVE BE5 USEFUL4 ,HIS EF=TS W]E EV5 RECOGNIZ$ BY ,JU/ICE1 ! ,S4,D4,F4 PAP]1 9 A BACKH&$ SORT ( WAY3 0,?\< WE 5TIRELY DIFF] FROM ,NI*OLL .<SIC.> WE MU/ GIVE HIM ! FULLE/ CR$IT = ! WORK HE DID 9 SECUR+ A DEF5SE = HIS ,WALSALL COMRADES4 ,HE SP>$ NO PA9S 9 ?IS DIRECTION & SACRIFIC$ HIMSELF 9 EV]Y WAY4 ,SU* NOBLE & C\RAGE\S CONDUCT R5D]S US ! MORE SORRY ?AT SO MU* 5?USIASM & ZEAL %\LD BE ?R[N AWAY ON ! HOPELESS CAUSE ( ,AN>*ISM10.<#b#d.> ETC41 ETC4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( ,DAVID ,NICOLL'S ACTIVITY 9 ! DEF5SE ( ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S WAS ALSO RECOGNIZ$ 9 A RA!R DIFF]5T WAY BY ,AUGU/E ,C\LON4 ,! LATT]1 :O HAD DISAPPE>$ AFT] ,BATTOLA HAD BE5 >RE/$1 WAS HOL$ UP 9 ,BRIXTON :]E HE WAS TRAC$ BY ONE ( ! EX-PUPILS ( HIS BOMB-MAK+ S*OOL :O WAS ACT+ = ,NICOLL4 ,FROM H]E HE ISSU$ TWO REALLY QUITE SC&AL\S LEAFLETS D5\NC+ ,NICOLL AS A POLICE SPY4 ,ONE GAVE A HI<LY COLOR$ ACC\NT ( ,NICOLL'S Y\NG] DAYS :5 HE HAD AFFECT$ 'ES!TIC' MODES ( DRESS & HAD GOT 9TO TR\BLE :5 HE ?REAT5$ A PR9T] :O HAD REFUS$ TO PR9T ONE ( HIS POEMS4 ,HIS BEHAVIOR HAD BE5 WEIRD 5\< TO RESULT 9 HIS BE+ HELD AT ! WORKH\SE AS A LUNATIC4 ,HE HAD BE5 RESCU$ BY HIS FAMILY4 ,C\LON'S CONCLUSION FROM ALL ?IS WAS ?AT ,NICOLL HAD BE5 RESCU$ FROM A LUNATIC ASYLUM BY ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE TO SPREAD MAYHEM 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4.<#b#e.> ,! SECOND LEAFLET WAS BETT] -- 9 PSY*OLOGICAL W>F>E T]MS -- BECAUSE IT WAS MORE PLAUSIBLE4 ,NICOLL & ,CYRIL ,BELL1 :O HAD PROBABLY >\S$ ,C\LON'S ANIMOSITY BY TAK+ OV] HIS POSITION AT ,L\ISE ,MI*EL'S S*OOL AFT] ,C\LON'S DISMISSAL1 W]E ACCUS$ JO9TLY ( COLLECT+ MONEY TO PR9T ! ,EMANCIPATOR 7:I* ,I TAKE TO BE ,MO/'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W>F>E7 & POCKET+ ! PROCE$S4 ,NICOLL1 A 0QUAK] %AP$ SPY )\T ANY HUMAN FEEL+S1 LEAVES HIS WIFE & *ILD AT ! M]CY ( *>ITABLE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IT IS ?IS JESUIT :O NEV] D>ES LOOK AT Y\ /RAI<T 9 ! FACE 9 PRIVATE CONV]SATION :O IS N[ GIV+ HIS PRIVATE ADDRESS :]E MONEY %\LD BE S5T = ! PROPAG&A4 ,SEE+ HIMSELF \/$ AT \R LA/ CONGRESS HE HIT ON A BOLD /ROKE4 ,HE W5T TO ,PET] ,$L9 TO GET #bd H\RS ( PRISON 444 TO SAVE HIS REPUTATION 4440 7,PET] ,$L9 WAS ! JUDGE 9 ! ,H>R[ ,ROAD_/,%OP ,ASSI/ANTS ,UNION CASE47 

,CYRIL ,BELL1 :O AS WE SAID E>LI] HAD ACT$ ON ,C\LON'S SUGGE/ION 9 ?IS1 IS ACCUS$ ( BE+ AN AG5T PROVOCATEUR 09 S5D+ LETT]S TO =M A SECRET CONSPIRACY ( :I* HE W\LD BE ,NO4 #a1 = ! FABRICATION ( EXPLOSIVES4 444 ,HIS %ORTSI<T$NESS & DEAFNESS ADD$ TO ! REPULSIV5ESS ( HIS MANN]S MAKE HIM AN OBJECT ( DISGU/40.<#b#f.> ,! MAJOR PO9T AB\T ?IS LEAFLET IS ?AT IT ASKS COMRADES NOT TO S5D MONEY TO ,NICOLL 0BUT TO SOME TRU/WOR?Y COMRADE ( :I* !RE >E PL5TY 9 ,LONDON407,PRESUMABLY HE MEANT HIMSELF47 ,AP>T FROM REV5GE = BE+ EXPOS$ AS A POLICE AG5T BY ,NICOLL1 ! 9T5TION ( ! LEAFLET WAS PROBABLY TO /OP MONEY GO+ TO ! DEF5SE FUND = ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S4 ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE ALSO PLAY$ HIS P>T 9 !SE ACCUSATIONS ACCORD+ TO ,NICOLL3 0,MELVILLE HAD TOLD SEV]AL PEOPLE ?AT ,C\LON WAS ',ALL RI<T' BUT IT WAS ,NICOLL ?AT HAD GIV5 9=MATION40.<#b#g.> ,MELVILLE HAD REASON TO FEEL SPITEFUL T[>DS ,NICOLL4 ,! WORK ,NICOLL HAD PUT 9 HAD MADE ! ROLE ( ,C\LON MORE APP>5T & HAD L$ TO ,MELVILLE'S EMB>RASSM5T BY ,W4,M4 ,?OMPSON 9 ! ,WALSALL POLICE C\RT4 ,FUR!R1 ,NICOLL HAD PUBLICIZ$ HIS EMB>RASSM5T 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,NICOLL TELLS H[ HE MET A FRI5D :O HAD BE5 AT ! TRIAL AT ,/AF=D4 0,HE TOLD ME ?AT HE HAD SE5 ,MELVILLE :O HAD /AT$ TO HIM ?AT HE WAS V]Y 9DIGNANT AT ! WAY HE HAD BE5 LIBEL$ 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,HE WAS NOT RESPONSIBLE = ,C\LON ACT+ AS AN AG5T PROVOCATEUR4 ',IF A MAN COMES TO ME ) 9=MATION :AT CAN ,I DO8' ,!N ) A SUDD5 BUR/ ( TEMP]1 ',IF ?AT FELL[ ,NICOLL GOES ON TELL+ LIES AB\T ME1 ,I'LL HAVE HIM'40 ,& ,MELVILLE WAS TO GET HIS *ANCE4 

,:5 ! S5T5CES W]E PASS$ ON ! CONVICT$ ,WALSALL M5 !RE WAS CONSID]ABLE %OCK 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T G5]ALLY4 0,ALAS6 ,ALAS6 ,T5 YE>S = ,*>LES10 WROTE ,$W>D ,C>P5T]1 0IT IS TOO BAD4 ,AN EVIL CONSCI5CE MAKES !M C[>DS40.<#b#h.> ,BUT 9 ADDITION TO SU* H&WR++ !RE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 A SUDD5 %UDD] ( FE> ?R\< ! MOVEM5T4 ,:ILE ! TRIAL HAD BE5 GO+ ON1 SEV]AL PROTE/ MEET+S OV] ! PROSECUTION HAD TAK5 PLACE ) QUITE CONSID]ABLE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE ATT5D+4 ,! FIR/ OP5-AIR MEET+ AFT] ! CONVICTIONS1 ON ,SUNDAY1 #a? ,APRIL 9 ,HYDE ,P>K1 WAS V]Y SP>SELY ATT5D$4 ,IT IS TRUE IT HAD BE5 HA/ILY ORGANIZ$ BUT SO HAD ! O!RS -- FE> SEEMS TO HAVE PLAY$ ITS P>T 9 KEEP+ PEOPLE AT HOME4 ,NICOLL SAYS1 0,DETECTIVES POSITIVELY SW>M$ 9 ! CR[D4 ,!RE W]E 5\< !RE TO TAKE ! :OLE CR[D 9TO CU/ODY4 ,9 FACT !SE G5TLEM5 W]E SO NUM]\S ?AT SEV]AL COMRADES W\LD NOT COME TO ! MEET+40.<#b#i.> ,! SPEE*ES W]E MADE BY ,DAVID ,NICOLL & ,JOHN ,TURN] & AM\NT$ TO A REHA% ( ! FACTS ( ! CASE ) P>TICUL> ATT5TION TO ! ROLE ( ,C\LON1 TOGE!R ) A G5]AL APPEAL TO ! WORK]S TO RALLY TO ! CAUSE ( AN>*Y1 AT LEA/ TO ! EXT5T ( DEM&+ ! RELEASE ( ! PRISON]S4 ,SUBSEQU5T ATTEMPTS TO PROVE ?AT ,NICOLL HAD MADE A SPEE* 9CIT+ TO VIOL5CE FAIL$4 ,H[EV] ,NICOLL HAD ALREADY MORE OR LESS COMMITT$ HIMSELF 9 AN >TICLE WRITT5 = ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,NICOLL HAD BE5 RA!R UNREALI/ICALLY OPTIMI/IC AB\T ! *ANCES ( ! ACCUS$ M5 AT ,/AF=D ,ASSIZES4 ,IT SEEMS LIKELY ?AT DEEP & SYMPA!TIC ACQUA9TANCE ) ! EVID5CE = ! DEF5SE HAD ALL[$ HIM TO ASSUME ?AT ! JUDGE & JURY HAD AN ACQUA9TANCE EQUALLY DEEP & SYMPA!TIC4 

,I BELIEV$ 444 ?AT ! M5 AT ,WALSALL W]E TRAPP$ BY AN AG5T ( ! POLICE 9TO MAK+ CA/+S = ! PURPOSE ( MANUFACTUR+ BOMBS = ',RUSSIA'4 ,I ?\<T ALSO ?AT ! ADMISSIONS :I* ,MR ,?OMPSON HAD OBTA9$ FROM ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE HAD MADE ?IS PRETTY PLA9 TO JUDGE & JURY4 ,:AT WAS !RE=E MY SURPRISE & 9DIGNATION AT HE>+ ( ! BRUTAL S5T5CE PASS$ ON ?REE ( ! M5 ( T5 YE>S P5AL S]VITUDE 444 

,! DAY ON :I* ,I HE>D ( ! RESULT ( ! TRIAL WAS ,TUESDAY4 ,\R PAP] GOES TO PRESS ON ,W$NESDAY4 ,I W5T D[N TO ! (FICE FULL ( RAGE & 9DIGNATION AGA9/ ?OSE :O HAD SO CRUELLY & %AMEFULLY TREAT$ A DE> FRI5D ( M9E4 ,IT WAS !RE ,I WROTE ! >TICLE4.<#b#a.> 

,?IS HA/ILY WRITT5 PIECE PUBLI%$ 9 ! ISSUE ( #i? ,APRIL #ahib BE>S ALL ! M>KS ( ANGRY 9DIGNATION -- ONE ( !M BE+ A MEASURE ( 9COH]5CE4 ,:AT IS CLE> FROM ! >TICLE1 ?\<1 IS ?AT ,NICOLL ADVISES WORKM5 CONTEMPLAT+ VIOL5T REV5GE ON !IR OPPRESSORS TO AVOID CONSPIRACIES & ACT ALONE4 ,FUR!R1 ! RESPONSIBILITY = ! SAVAGE S5T5CES RE/$ FIRMLY ) A POLICE PLOT CON/RUCT$ BY ,MA!WS 7! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y7 & ,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE1 C>RI$ \T BY ,C\LON & CONNIV$ AT BY JU/ICE ,HAWK9S4 ,F9ALLY HE ASKS IF ! M5 NAM$ 0>E FIT TO LIVE40 ,IT WAS A CRY ( ANGUI%1 ( HATE &1 IT HAS TO BE SAID1 AN EXPRESSION ( IMPOT5CE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 REACTION>Y PAP]S HAD ALREADY />T$ DEM&+ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T PROSECUTE OV] ! >TICLE ON ! EV5+ ( ! DAY IT WAS ISSU$4.<#b#a#a.> ,!RE WAS A /EADILY RIS+ *ORUS ( SU* DEM&S & QUE/IONS W]E ASK$ 9 ,P>LIAM5T4 ,YET ,NICOLL'S CRY ( ANG] HAD PROBABLY BROK5 ! SIL5CE ?AT SETTL$ :5 ! S5T5CES W]E ANN\NC$4 ,HE WAS LOBBY+ A NUMB] ( NEWSPAP]S & WAS HOPEFUL ?AT ! DETAILS ( ,C\LON'S ACTIVITIES W\LD SOON BECOME KN[N TO A WID] AUDI5CE -- 9 MORE WAYS ?AN ONE HE WAS KEEP+ ! ISSUE ALIVE4 ,! WEEK AFT] ! SP>SE MEET+ 9 ,HYDE ,P>K1 ON #a#g? ,APRIL1 9 ,MAN*E/]'S ,/EV5SON ,SQU>E1 ,NICOLL1 ,B>TON1 ,/OCKTON & ,JOHN ,B+HAM ADDRESS$ A MEET+ ( PROTE/ & HAD AN AUDI5CE ( SEV]AL ?\S& PEOPLE :O LI/5$ 0) GREAT ATT5TION & EVID5T SYMPA?Y40.<#b#a#b.> 

,! ,COMMONWEAL ( ! PREVI\S DAY HAD NATURALLY 5\< TAK5 UP ! SUBJECT AGA91 ?\< 9 MORE TEMP]ATE LANGUAGE4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! ONLY DIFF]5CE4 ,HE SAID1 0,! READ] MU/ NOT SUPPOSE ?AT !RE WAS 'A WIDESPREAD CONSPIRACY' SAVE ON ! P>T ( ! POLICE & !IR ACCOMPLICES4 ,IT WAS ,C\LON :O HAD TW5TY PLOTS 9 H& AT ! SAME TIME2 ALL DI/9CT FROM EA* O!R4 ,C\LON KNEW EV]Y?+1 ! RE/ ( ! 'CONSPIRATORS' ONLY KNEW :AT !Y W]E DO+4 ,! TRUE /ORY ( ! ,WALSALL ,POLICE ,PLOT HAS YET TO BE TOLD1 & WE %ALL BEG9 TO TELL IT 9 \R NEXT NUMB]40 ,NICOLL BELIEV$ ?AT IT WAS ?IS ANN\NCEM5T ?AT CAUS$ OR AT LEA/ PRECIPITAT$ HIS >RE/1 & CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD SEEM TO JU/IFY ?IS BELIEF4 ,:5 ! ',>E !SE M5 FIT TO LIVE8' >TICLE CAME \T A CLOSE WAT* WAS KEPT ON PREMISES CONNECT$ ) ! ,COMMONWEAL4 0,\R (FICES 9 ! ,CITY ,ROAD & ,SOCIALI/ ,COOP]ATIVE ,F$]ATION1 :]E \R COMRADES SOMETIMES MET0 7,JOHN ,TURN] WAS ! MANAG] ( ! ,F$]ATION7.<#b#a#c.> 0W]E CLOSELY WAT*$ BY SPIES & A FEW NI<TS BE=E MY >RE/ MY WIFE CAME TO ME & SAID ',%E C\LD NOT UND]/&1 BUT %E WAS SURE !RE WAS A MAN WAT*+ = SOMEONE 9 \R /REET4' ,%E DID NOT KN[ ?AT ,I WAS ?REAT5$ ) PROSECUTION4 ,I TOLD H] ,I ?\<T IT MU/ BE H] FANCY40.<#b#a#d.> 

,NICOLL RETURN$ FROM ,MAN*E/] TO F9D 5C\RAG+ NEWS FROM ! NEWSPAP]S HE HAD TRI$ TO 9T]E/ ) ! CASE4 ,! ,COMMONWEAL HAD ! FIR/ 9/ALLM5T ( ! PROMIS$ REVELATIONS CONC]N+ ! ,WALSALL CASE SET UP 9 TYPE -- :AT BECAME ',! ,SKET* ( ! ,BOMB'1 ! FIR/ *APT] ( ! PAMPHLET ,! ,WALSALL ,AN>*I/S ,TRAPP$ BY ! ,POLICE4 ,A FEW DAYS PREVI\SLY ,C\LON HAD1 ) ! MO/ 9CR$IBLE BRASS FACE1 S5T A LETT] TO ! ,/>4 ,?AT LETT] WAS PUBLI%$1 ) HIS ADDRESS 9 FULL -- #bi ,FITZROY ,SQU>E -- ABOVE A RESOLUTION PASS$ BY A WORKMAN'S ORGANIZATION CALL+ UPON ! GOV]NM5T TO PROSECUTE HIM1 AS ! CONDEMN$ M5 AT ,WALSALL HAD ACCUS$ HIM 9 OP5 C\RT ( BE+ ! *IEF 9/IGATOR ( ! PLOT4 0,I WROTE TO ! PAP]10 SAID ,NICOLL1 0& PO9T$ \T ?AT ?\< ,C\LON GAVE AN ADDRESS A FEW Y>DS FROM ! POLICE /ATION :]E ,DEAK9 WAS >RE/$1 YET HE WAS UNT\*$ BY ! POLICE4 ,?AT AFT]NOON1 ON :I* ! LETT] APPE>$ 9 ! ,/>1 ! POLICE >RE/$1 NOT ,C\LON1 BUT ME40.<#b#a#e.> ,AS HE RETURN$ HOME FROM ! ,COMMONWEAL (FICE ON ,TUESDAY #a#i? ,APRIL1 HE WAS TAK51 ALMO/ ON HIS DOOR/EP4 

,AT ?AT MOM5T1 ! >TICLE ',! ,SKET* ( ! ,BOMB' WAS ON ITS WAY TO ,SCOTL& ,Y>D UND] A /RONG ESCORT ( POLICE4 ,MELVILLE & ,LITTLE*ILD ) A POSSE ( ,SCOTL& ,Y>D DETECTIVES HAD /ORM$ ! (FICES ( ! ,COMMONWEAL1 & HAD C>RI$ (F ANY?+ ?AT MI<T COMPROMISE !M4 ,!Y HAD SEIZ$ ! NEW ,COMMONWEAL ?AT HAD BE5 SET UP1 TYPE1 MANUSCRIPT & ALL 444.<#b#a#f.> ,!Y W]E ASSIDU\S 9 !IR 9QUIRIES AS TO A C]TA9 BOOK ON EXPLOSIVES :I* ,C\LON HAD BE5 GETT+ \T1 BUT :I* HAD NEV] BE5 PR9T$4 ,IF !Y C\LD ONLY HAVE F\ND A FEW COPIES :AT VALUABLE EVID5CE IT W\LD HAVE BE54 ,TOM ,CANTWELL TOLD !M 9 JE/1 ',WE HAVE BE5 EXPECT+ Y\ = SOME TIME1 & DO Y\ ?9K WE %\LD BE FOOLS AS TO KEEP ANY?+ H]E LIKELY TO GET M5 9TO TR\BLE8'.<#b#a#g.> 

,W4,C4 ,H>T TELLS A RA!R DIFF]5T /ORY4 ,9 HIS BOOK ,CONFESSIONS ( AN ,AN>*I/ HE SAYS ?AT ! ,EMANCIPATOR -- = ?IS WAS ! BOOK REF]R$ TO -- WAS SET UP 9 TYPE :5 ! POLICE RAID$ ! (FICES ( ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,9 ! ACT ( REMOV+ ! =MES ( TYPE FROM AN UPP] %ELF = ! POLICE TO 9SPECT1 SOMEONE -- PRESUMABLY ,TOM ,CANTWELL -- 'ACCID5TALLY' DROPP$ !M & ! TYPE WAS PI$4.<#b#a#h.> 

,*>LES ,M[BRAY WAS ALSO >RE/$4 ,HE WAS ! PUBLI%] ( ! PAP]1 :ILE ,NICOLL WAS ITS $ITOR BUT WAS NOT 9VOLV$ ) ! PAP] :5 ! ',FIT TO ,LIVE8' >TICLE WAS PUBLI%$1 BECAUSE HE WAS NURS+ HIS WIFE :O WAS DESP]ATELY ILL4 ,:ILE ,NICOLL WAS BE+ >RE/$ & ! ,COMMONWEAL (FICE WAS BE+ RAID$1 ANO!R GR\P ( DETECTIVES UND] ,DETECTIVE ,S]GEANT ,MC,9TYRE W]E SE>*+ = ,M[BRAY4 ,! LA/ ADDRESS !Y HAD = HIM WAS AT A H\SE US$ AS A ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB 9 ,BE?NAL ,GRE54 ,IT WAS CLOS$ & EMPTY4 ,MC,9TYRE & HIS M5 HAD TO RU% UP & D[N ! /REETS ( ,HOXTON & ,EA/ ,LONDON LOOK+ = HIM -- F9ALLY LOCAT+ HIM ?R\< HIS SIGNBO>D 9 A W9D[ 7',WORK+-MAN'S TAILOR4 ,>TICLES MADE UP *EAP = ! WORK+ CLASSES4'7 ,!RE WAS NO O!R WAY TO F9D HIM1 SAYS ,MC,9TYRE4 0,IT WAS USELESS TO SEEK 9=MATION FROM ANY ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,FRAT]NITY1 = NO MATT] :AT DISGUISE WAS ADOPT$ !Y W\LD BE SURE TO SPOT A ',Y>D' MAN & GIVE ! TIP TO ,M[BRAY40.<#b#a#i.> 

,:5 ! POLICE F9ALLY LOCAT$ ,M[BRAY !Y F\ND A DESOLATE SC5E4 ,A MATT] ( AN H\R OR TWO BE=E !IR >RIVAL1 ,M[BRAY'S WIFE HAD DI$ & H] BODY WAS LY+ UP/AIRS3 

HE WAS SITT+ D[N TO A SCANTY MEAL ) HIS LITTLE *ILDR5 :5 ! DETECTIVES 5T]$ & SEIZ$ HIM4 ',?IS IS A JOB1' SAID ,M[BRAY1 'MY WIFE IS JU/ DEAD & :AT >E !SE *ILDR5 TO DO8' & HE BUR/ 9TO TE>S4 ,IT WAS VA9 = HIM TO DECL>E HE DID NOT AGREE ) ! >TICLE4 ,?AT HE HAD NEV] SE5 IT TILL ! ,COMMONWEAL WAS PUBLI%$ & ?AT HE HAD !N SEV]$ ALL CONNECTION ) ! PAP]4 ,ALL !SE /ATEM5TS W]E QUITE TRUE BUT IT MADE NO DIFF]5CE4 ,! LAW MU/ BE OBEY$4 ,HE WAS DRAGG$ AWAY4.<#b#b.> 

,! CRUELTY ( ?IS >RE/1 LEAV+ AS IT DID1 ,M[BRAY'S *ILDR5 ALONE 9 ! H\SE ) !IR DEAD MO!R1 C]TA9LY AFFECT$ ,S]GEANT ,MC,9TYRE1 & HIS 'S(TNESS' T[>DS ,M[BRAY AT ! POLICE C\RT HE>+ PROBABLY CONTRIBUT$ TO ! LAT] H>% DISCIPL9>Y PROCE$+S BR\<T AGA9/ HIM :I* L$ TO HIS LEAV+ ! POLICE =CE4 ,! MAGI/RATE1 H[EV]1 SUFF]$ FROM NO SU* 9CONV5I5T S5TIM5TALITY & REM&$ ,M[BRAY 9 CU/ODY & ) RELUCTANCE SAID HE W\LD ALL[ ,M[BRAY TO ATT5D HIS WIFE'S FUN]AL1 & !N ONLY UND] POLICE GU>D4 ,H[EV]1 ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ,M[BRAY'S >RE/ UND]L9$ BY ?IS F9AL EXAMPLE ( JUDICIAL 9DIFF]5CE L$ TO SOME?+ ( AN \TBUR/ 9 ! PRESS CALL+ = ,M[BRAY TO BE RELEAS$ ON BAIL4 ,MRS ,BESANT RA!R NOISILY TOOK TEMPOR>Y C>E ( HIS *ILDR51 & ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS (F]$ TO /& SURETY4 ,ON ?IS BAIL ( ,G,B,P#e ,M[BRAY WAS RELEAS$4 ,HIS WIFE'S FUN]AL1 AS A RESULT ( !SE EV5TS1 BECAME A PUBLIC OCCASION3 

,! V>I\S ,LONDON GR\PS ( ,AN>*I/S DECID$ ?AT ! FUN]AL %\LD BE A PUBLIC ONE & ! CORTEGE WAS ANN\NC$ TO />T FROM ! ,WORKPEOPLE'S ,9T]NATIONAL ,CLUB1 ,B]N]S ,/REET1 ,COMM]CIAL ,ROAD1 ,EA/1 AT #c4#c4 ,LONG BE=E ?AT TIME SEV]AL ?\S& P]SONS ASSEMBL$1 A BRASS B& & SOME TW5TY AN>*I/ BANN]S BE+ 9 ATT5DANCE4 444 ,A NUMB] ( PROM95T ,AN>*I/ & ,TRADES ,UNIONI/S HAD ASSEMBL$ 9CLUD+ REPRES5TATIVES ( V>I\S PROV9CIAL GR\PS1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 ,HUNT] ,WATTS 7REPRES5T+ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION71 ,W4 ,VOTI] 7,BOOT & ,%OE ,MAK]S ,UNION71 ,M4 ,BRO*EAN 7,BRO*]8 -- ,FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,SECTION71 ,M4 ,MALATE/A 7,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ SECTION .<SIC.>71 ,MR ,RAMSEY 7,FREE?9K]S7 & O!RS4 

,M[BRAY WAS SO UPSET AS H>DLY TO BE ABLE TO SPEAK2 F9ALLY1 H[EV]1 HE ?ANK$ ! PEOPLE = !IR SYMPA?Y & ASK$ !M TO AVOID CONFRONTATION AS HIS BAIL W\LD BE PUT 9 DANG]4 

,BE=E ! CORTEGE />T$1 ! CR[D :I* HAD ASSEMBL$ 9 ! /REET W]E ADDRESS$ FROM ONE ( ! W9D[S ( ! CLUB1 & ! CONDUCT ( ! POLICE AU?ORITIES WAS /RONGLY D5\NC$4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL NE>LY HALF-PA/ F\R ?AT ! FUN]AL PROCESSION1 HEAD$ BY A BANN] BE>+ ! FOLL[+ 9SCRIPTION3 ',REMEMB] ,*ICAGO2 !RE WILL BE A TIME :5 \R SIL5CE WILL BE MORE P[]FUL ?AN ! VOICES Y\ /RANGLE TODAY' & ) ! B& PLAY+ ! ',DEAD ,M>*' 9 ,SAUL BEGAN TO W5D ITS WAY T[>DS ! CEMET]Y4 444 ,ON EA* SIDE ( ! COA* M5 C>RI$ L>GE R$ FLAGS1 TO ONE ( :I* WAS ATTA*$ A COPY ( ! SUPPRESS$ $ITION ( ! ,COMMONWEAL :ILE ANO!R BORE A PLAC>D /AT+ ',! ,COMMONWEAL /ILL ALIVE4 ,\R (FICE PLUND]$4 ,BOGUS *>GES4 ,\R $ITOR 9 JAIL4 ,PUBLI%$ EV]Y ,SATURDAY4' ,:ILE ! CORTEGE WAS PASS+ ACROSS ,COMM]CIAL ,ROAD A TRAM C> DRIV] ATTEMPT$ TO MAKE A WAY ?R\<4 ,HIS HORSES W]E AT ONCE SEIZ$ BY A NUMB] ( ! PROCESSIONI/S1 :O DESPITE ! EF=TS ( ?REE POLICE (FIC]S1 HELD ! ANIMALS' HEADS & =CIBLY PREV5T$ ! C> FROM PROCE$+ UNTIL ! :OLE PROCESSION HAD PASS$4 

,AT ! GRAVESIDE ,T\ZEAU ,P>RIS 0SAID ?AT ! SI/] !Y HAD BURI$ HAD GONE TO A PLACE :]E !RE WAS NO LABOR1 NO SORR[1 NO SWEAT+4 444 ,MR ,HUNT] ,WATTS :O FOLL[$ SAID ?AT !IR COMRADE1 ,M>Y ,M[BRAY1 WAS LY+ AT !IR FEET SLA9 BY ! ACCURS$ CAPITALI/ SY/EM40.<#b#b#a.> ,& H]E LIES ! RELEVANCE ( ! QUOTATION AT ! HEAD ( ! PROCESSION4 ,ALB]T ,P>SONS2 ! ,*ICAGO AN>*I/ M>TYR1 WAS HANG$4 ,M>Y ,M[BRAY'S DEA? 7FROM CONSUMPTION7 WAS 9 GREAT MEASURE DUE TO BAD CONDITIONS1 MALNUTRITION & OV]WORK4 ,= ! AN>*I/S1 BO? W]E VICTIMS ( CAPITALISM1 ! DIFF]5CES BE+ A MATT] ( DEGREE RA!R ?AN K9D4 

,REVOLUTION>Y SPEE*ES AT FUN]ALS W]E1 9 ANY CASE1 NO NEW ?+ 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 #a#h#h#f1 AT ! FUN]AL ( ,GU/AV ,KNAU]HAUSE1 A PROCESSION ) BRASS B& SET (F = ,MANOR ,P>K CEMET]Y & 0AB\T #h COMRADES FOLL[$ ! ,HE>SE & REVOLUTION>Y SPEE*ES W]E DELIV]$ OV] ! GRAVE 9 ,5GLI%1 ,G]MAN & ,FR5*40 ,HE TOO HAD DI$ ( CONSUMPTION4.<#b#b#b.> 

,! DEMON/RATION AT ,M>Y ,M[BRAY'S FUN]AL1 DESPITE ITS MELAN*OLY ORIG9S1 REPRES5T$ A FUR!R BREAK+ ( ! SPELL ?AT ! ,WALSALL CONVICTIONS HAD OV] ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ! ,TIMES REPORT$ AN ATT5DANCE ( SOME SEV]AL ?\S& PEOPLE1 & ,NICOLL'S P]HAPS RA!R FOOLI% \TBUR/ 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL HAD OP5$ \T ! QUE/IONS SURR\ND+ ! ,WALSALL CONVICTIONS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! RAID ON ! ,COMMONWEAL & ! C>RY+ AWAY ( DOCUM5TS & TYPE CAUS$ AN UNEASY /IR 9 ,RADICAL RANKS4 ,!Y MI<T NOT SYMPA?IZE ) AN>*I/S BUT !Y W]E JEAL\S ( ',5GLI% ,LIB]TIES'4 

,ON ! FOLL[+ ,SUNDAY1 #b#d? ,APRIL1 !RE W]E PROTE/ MEET+S ALL OV] ! C\NTRY AT ! RAIDS ON ! ,COMMONWEAL & ! >RE/S ( ,NICOLL & ,M[BRAY4 ,9 ,LONDON !RE WAS A MEET+ 9 ! MORN+ 9 ,REG5T'S ,P>K & 9 ! AFT]NOON AT ,HYDE ,P>K4 ,H]E 0A TREM5D\S CR[D0 HE>D ,H>D+1 ,CANTWELL 70MU* AMUSEM5T WAS CAUS$ BY HIS MIMICRY ( ,LITTLE*ILD & ,MELVILLE :O TOLD HIM !Y W]E ,AN>*I/S 444071 ,MORTON1 ,MISS ,LUPTON1 ,TO*ATTI1 ,FOX1 ,P>K]1 ,ATT]BURY 0& O!RS GIV+ \TSPOK5 ADDRESSES40 ,ALL !IR LIT]ATURE WAS SOLD \T4 ,COMMONWEAL GRADUALLY W5T UP 9 PRICE4 0,/>T+ AT #bD !N #cD1 #dD1 #fD1 TO #a_/- :ILE 9 SOME 9/ANCES AS MU* AS #b_/- WAS GIV5 = A COPY40.<#b#b#c.> ,A SECOND $ITION WAS PR9T$ ON ! ,MONDAY4 ,L>GE MEET+S W]E HELD1 & ! PAP] COMPLETELY SOLD \T AT ,MAN*E/]1 ,LE$S1 ,LEICE/]1 ,WALSALL1 ,NORWI*1 ,NEWCA/LE-ON-,TYNE1 ,GLASG[1 ,BIRM+HAM1 ,%EFFIELD1 ,AB]DE51 ,BURNLEY & O!R PLACES4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E ALSO ABLE TO MAKE A FAIRLY IMPRESSIVE %[+ ON #a/ ,MAY -- ,MAY ,DAY -- :I* FELL UPON A ,SUNDAY4 ,AT ! DEMON/RATION 9 ,HYDE ,P>K AFT] A PROCESSION NUMB]+ SOME #a#h1 PEOPLE CALL+ = AN EI<T-H\R DAY1 :I* HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ UND] ! AUSPICES ( V>I\S TRADES UNIONS & SOCIALI/ BODIES1 ! AN>*I/S HELD A SEP>ATE MEET+ AT ! ,RE=M]S ,TREE1 :]E !Y MU/]$ OV] A ?\S& PEOPLE4 ,S9CE AN>*I/S W]E ALSO SPEAK+ FROM O!R PLAT=MS 9 ! MA9 BODY ( ! DEMON/RATION :O PRESUMABLY HAD !IR SUPPORT 9 ! CR[D ?IS WAS AN 9DICATION ( GR[+ AN>*I/ /R5G?4 ,! ,WALSALL CONVICTIONS & ! PROSECUTION ( ,NICOLL & ,M[BRAY HAD GIV5 ! AN>*I/S ! /AMP ( S]I\SNESS4 ,= ALL ! DI/ORTIONS TO :I* SU* SPECTACUL> HAPP5+S PROGRESSIVELY SUBJECT$ ! AN>*I/ MESSAGE 9 ! PUBLIC M9D1 !Y SEEM TO HAVE L$ 9ITIALLY TO A GREAT 9CREASE ( ACTIVITY & 9T]E/4 ,?IS NOT ONLY SEEMS ! CASE FROM AN>*I/ EVID5CE BUT IS CONFIRM$ BY CONTEMPOR>IES3 ,DETECTIVE ,SWE5Y SAYS AS MU* 9 HIS MEMOIRS4.<#b#b#d.> 

,! AN>*I/ MEET+ ON ,MAY ,DAY ALSO 9 NO WAY TOOK UP A DEF5SIVE /ANCE1 EXCEPT = ,T$ ,LEGGATT :O WAS ?9K+1 P]HAPS1 MORE ( ! *ANCES ( SECUR+ ! ACQUITTAL ( ,NICOLL OR ( AN E>LI] RELEASE = ! ,WALSALL M54 ,BEH9D ! PLAT=M W]E TWO L>GE BANN]S1 ONE READ+ ',AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM' & ',REVOLUTION & ,AN>*Y'1 & ! O!R ',IF ! PEOPLE :5 OPPRESS$ >E SIL5T SU* IS /UPIDITY1 ! =]UNN] ( ! D[NFALL ( PUBLIC LIB]TY4' ,TO*ATTI D5\NC$ POLICE SPIES4 ,H4,B4 ,SAMUELS FOLL[$ ,LEGGATT'S ASS]TIONS ?AT AN>*ISM DID NOT IMPLY VIOL5CE ) C\NT]-ASS]TIONS AS TO ! NECESSITY = IT & PRAIS$ ! EXAMPLE ( ,RAVA*OL TO *E]S FROM ! AUDI5CE :O HAD LI/5$ ) SOME IMPATI5CE TO ,LEGGATT'S DISAV[ALS4 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL !N SPOKE1 9 ,FR5*1 SAY+ ?AT AS FA/ AS AN>*I/S W]E JAIL$ NEW AN>*I/S SPRANG UP TO TAKE !IR PLACE4 ,JOHN ,OLDHAM 0REJOIC$ ?AT ALL HIS LIFE HE HAD BE5 A NOTORI\S POA*]4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ?OSE :O REFUS$ TO />VE10 & ,P>K] SPOKE ON ! ANTI-R5T CAMPAIGN3 0,9 ! ,EA/ ,5D !Y HAD />T$ AN 'ANTI-BROK] BRIGADE' & 9 SEV]AL 9/ANCES ! BROK]'S MAN HAD BE5 =CIBLY EJECT$ FROM ! H\SE HE WAS DI/RA9+ ON & ! FURNITURE HAD BE5 C>RI$ AWAY BY SOME #b OR #c ( !IR COMRADES40 ,! MEET+ BROKE UP AFT] ?REE H\RS ) ?REE *E]S = AN>*Y4.<#b#b#e.> ,IT IS WOR? NOTIC+ ?AT ! 'VIOL5T MEANS' V]SUS 'PEACEFUL MEANS' 7OR MORE P>TICUL>LY1 ! PRO- OR ANTI-DYNAMITE7 DEBATE & ! VIGOR\S GRASS ROOTS DIRECT ACTION & PROPAG&A 7( :I* ,P>K] GAVE AN EXAMPLE7 >E FUNDAM5TAL TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ?IS P]IOD4 ,!Y >E !MES :I* RECUR AGA9 & AGA94 

,NICOLL & ,M[BRAY W]E TRI$ ON ,FRIDAY1 #f? ,MAY1 AT ! ,OLD ,BAILEY BE=E ! ,LORD ,*IEF ,JU/ICE1 & ! PROSECUTION WAS CONDUCT$ BY ONE ( HIS SUCCESSORS TO ?AT (FICE4 ,M[BRAY WAS REPRES5T$ & ,NICOLL DEF5D$ HIMSELF4 ,! PROSECUTION US$ AS EVID5CE ! ',FIT TO ,LIVE' >TICLE 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL & SOME NEW EVID5CE FROM TWO POLICEM5 :O HAD BE5 PRES5T AT ! SP>SELY ATT5D$ MEET+ ON ,SUNDAY1 #a? ,APRIL1 9 ,HYDE ,P>K TO PROTE/ AT ! ,WALSALL CONVICTIONS4 ,!SE POLICEM5 ALLEG$ ?AT ,NICOLL HAD SAID1 0,F\R M5 >E RESPONSIBLE = ! CONVICTION ( ! ,WALSALL COMRADES1 ,BUT*] ,HAWK9S1 ,MELVILLE1 ,MA!WS1 & ,C\LON4 ,)9 A =TNI<T TWO ( !M MU/ DIE 4440 ,NICOLL BR\<T A NUMB] ( WITNESSES TO %[ ?AT HE HAD SAID NO?+ ( ! SORT4 ,!N ONE ( ! POLICEM51 ,DETECTIVE ,SWE5Y1 RETURN$ TO ! WITNESS BOX4 ,HE ATTEMPT$ TO ADJU/ HIS ACC\NT SO ?AT IT WAS COMPATIBLE ) ,NICOLL'S WITNESSES BUT PRES]V$ ! MURD]\S S5TIM5TS BY SAY+ ?AT ,NICOLL SPOKE ! WORDS 9 A SECOND SPEE*4 ,IT WAS A LITTLE TOO TRANSP>5TLY OBVI\S AN ATTEMPT TO /R5G!N ! CASE AGA9/ ,NICOLL4 ,! JUDGE BECAME IRRITAT$1 ,NICOLL ACCUS$ ,SWE5Y ( P]JURY -- 9 FACT1 ,SWE5Y WAS QUITE REGUL>LY REF]R$ TO AS ',SWE5Y ,TODD ! ,P]JUR]' 9 LAT] AN>*I/ PAP]S -- & ! PROSECUTION DISCREETLY 9DICAT$ ?AT !Y W\LD PROCE$ ONLY ON ! BASIS ( ! ',FIT TO ,LIVE' >TICLE4 

,M[BRAY'S PROSECUTION RE/$ ON ! FACT ?AT ON PAP] HE WAS ! PUBLI%] ( ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,H[EV] ,NICOLL HAD MADE A /ATEM5T TO ! POLICE ! DAY AFT] HIS >RE/ TAK+ FULL RESPONSIBILITY = ! >TICLE & SPECIFICALLY SAY+ ?AT ,M[BRAY WAS NOT RESPONSIBLE = IT4 ,FUR!R1 EVID5CE WAS BR\<T BY ,M[BRAY'S C\NSEL AT ! TRIAL TO %[ ?AT ,M[BRAY DISASSOCIAT$ HIMSELF FROM ! >TICLE 9 QUE/ION3 ! PR9T] ( ! ,COMMONWEAL SAID ?AT 0,M[BRAY HAD D5\NC$ ! >TICLE ?AT APPE>$ ON ! #i? 7TO HIM7 & SAID ?AT IF SU* ?+S W]E PR9T$ 9 FUTURE HE %\LD )DRAW HIS NAME FROM ! PAP]4 ,HE SAID SU* LANGUAGE WAS FOOLI% AT ! BE/ & DAMNABLE AT WOR/4 ,HE GAVE WITNESS 7I4E4 ! PR9T]7 NOTICE AS ! REGI/]$ PROPRIETOR1 NOT TO PR9T (F ! COPIES IF HE F\ND SU* EXPRESSIONS HAD BE5 PUT 9TO TYPE1 BUT TO DETA9 ! TYPE & S5D = HIM40.<#b#b#f.> ,?IS1 9CID5TALLY1 W\LD SEEM TO BE A CLE> 9DICATION ?AT ,M[BRAY'S RELATION%IP ) ! ,COMMONWEAL ,GR\P HAD BECOME /RA9$ BE=E ,NICOLL'S >RE/ OR IMPRISONM5T4 7,IF ! ',FIT TO ,LIVE' >TICLE >\S$ HIS ANG]1 IT HAD MANY PR$ECESSORS :I* W]E EQUALLY IRRITAT+47 ,?IS EVID5CE1 TOGE!R ) ,NICOLL'S FUR!R /ATEM5T 9 C\RT ?AT HE TOOK FULL RESPONSIBILITY & ! CIRCUM/ANCES SURR\ND+ ,M[BRAY'S >RE/ & 9ITIAL IMPRISONM5T1 W]E SUFFICI5T TO GU>ANTEE HIS ACQUITTAL4 

,NICOLL'S DEF5SE RE/$ ON ! GR\NDS ?AT HE HAD BE5 ANGRY & UPSET AT ! BLATANT 9JU/ICE ( ! S5T5CES ON ! ,WALSALL M5 & ?AT HIS WORDS W]E NOT TO BE TAK5 LIT]ALLY BUT AS AN EXPRESSION ( ?AT ANG]4 ,?IS MU/ NOT BE TAK5 AS AN 9DICATION ( C[>DICE ON ,NICOLL'S P>T4 ,HE SPELL$ \T ! ROLE ( ,C\LON 9 ! ,WALSALL CONSPIRACY & PLAC$ HIM FIRMLY 9 ! TRADITION ( ! ,5GLI% AG5TS PROVOCATEURS & SPIES AT ! CLOSE ( ! ,NAPOLEONIC W>S4 ,HIS ROLE WAS1 AS !IRS HAD BE51 TO PROVIDE ! ,TORY GOV]NM5T ( ! DAY ) SUITABLE BOGEY M5 TO SC>E ! 0RI* & ! TIMID AMONG ! RESPECTABLE CLASSES0 & P]SUADE !M ( ! NE$ = /RONG & BLOODY-M9D$ GOV]NM5T1 :I* ! ,TORIES C\LD PROVIDE4 ,BUT1 ,NICOLL SAID1 !RE WAS MORE TO IT ?AN ?AT4 ,HYNDMAN HAD SAID1 9 #ahhe ON ! ,EMBANKM5T1 ?AT IF ! GOV]NM5T REMA9$ DEAF TO ! CRIES ( ! />V+ !N 0BY ,GOD1 SOME ( !M %\LD DIE0 -- & ! BOMBS HAD BE5 EXPLOD+ 9 ,LONDON !N1 NOT ,P>IS4 ,JOHN ,BURNS SAID SOME?+ 9 #ahhg 9 ,BATT]SEA ,P>K AB\T ! DESIRABILITY ( 0S5D+ ,JOSEPH ,*AMB]LA9 TO HEAV5 BY *EMICAL P>CELS PO/40 ,:Y W]E !Y NOT PROSECUT$ = 9CITEM5T TO MURD]8 ,NICOLL SAYS ?AT 9 HIS CASE ! POLICE W]E NOT AT ALL CONC]N$ AB\T SU* 9CITEM5T BUT W]E CONC]N$ TO SUPPRESS ! REVELATIONS HE WAS AB\T TO MAKE AB\T ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S1 SO CONC]N$ TO SUPPRESS !M1 9 FACT1 ?AT !Y C>RI$ AWAY ! SET-UP TYPE AT ! ,COMMONWEAL & W]E PREP>$ TO P]JURE !MSELVES TO SECURE HIS CONVICTION4 

,BUT !RE WAS1 HE SAID1 ONE F9AL REASON :Y HE WAS PROSECUT$ :]E O!RS HAD BE5 LET GO FREE4 ,HE WAS AN AN>*I/4 ,?IS WAS ! HIDD5 *>GE AGA9/ HIM4 ,AN AN>*I/ WAS NOT NECESS>ILY AN 9C5DI>I/ OR ASSASS91 ?\< 0ANYONE :O HAS SE5 AS MU* ( ! POV]TY & MIS]Y ( ! ,EA/ ,5D AS WE HAVE & NOT USE /RONG LANGUAGE W\LD BE ABSOLUTELY HE>TLESS40 ,& AS IF TO PROVE HIS PO9T HE W5T ON TO DISCUSS ! DYNAMIT>DS3 

,RAVA*OL6 ,:Y1 Y\R CIVILIZATION -- ?AT DRIVES ! POOR 9TO MIS]Y & DEGRADATION1 ?AT DRIVES WOM5 9TO PRO/ITUTION1 & M5 TO CRIME1 BY 5SLAV+ & SWEAT+ !M TO PILE UP WEAL? = ! RI* -- IS BRE$+ ,RAVA*OLS BY ?\S&S6 ,BRE$+ !M 9TO ITS FEV] D5S1 BRE$+ !M 9 ITS SLUMS1 :]E GOOD DIES & :]E ONLY VICE & CRIME CAN FL\RI%4 ,RAVA*OL6 ,Y\R CIVILIZATION IS ONLY FIT = ,RAVA*OL4 ,& TO ,RAVA*OL WE LEAVE IT4 ,LET ! MON/]S Y\ HAVE CREAT$ DEV\R Y\4 

,BUT :Y HAD ,RAVA*OL ACTUALLY HAPP5$ 9 ,P>IS & NOT 9 ,LONDON8 ,! DIFF]5CE LAY 9 ! FACT ?AT ! ,FR5* REPRESSION F> \TDID ?AT 9 ,5GL&4 ,OR AT LEA/ ?AT HAD BE5 ! CASE SO F>2 BUT N[ ! /ATE WAS LOCK+ PEOPLE UP = !IR OP9IONS4 

,WELL GO ON ) Y\R POLICY1 BUT Y\ KN[ :AT IT WILL LEAD TO4 ,Y\ WILL NOT SUPPRESS US OR \R IDEAS4 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?AT ?IS PROSECUTION HAS PREV5T$ ! SPREAD ( \R PR9CIPLES8 ,HAVE Y\ SUPPRESS$ !M8 

,:Y1 Y\ HAVE NOT EV5 SUPPRESS$ ! ,COMMONWEAL :I* HAS N[ SIX TIMES ! CIRCULATION :I* IT HAD ?REE WEEKS AGO4 

,= MY P>T1 ,I AM WILL+ TO SUFF] = MY IDEAS1 KN[+ FULL WELL ?AT \R FRI5DS 9CREASE ) P]SECUTION & ,I AM QUITE WILL+ TO SUFF] 9 A GOOD CAUSE4 ,I ONLY TELL Y\ ?AT Y\ WILL NOT CRU% ! MOVEM5T BY REPRESSION4 ,Y\ WILL ONLY MAKE IT MORE REVOLUTION>Y & DANG]\S4.<#b#b#g.> 

,?IS WAS A BRAVE SPEE*4 ,9 DEF5D+ HIMSELF & BY ?IS F9AL SPEE* = ! DEF5SE1 ,NICOLL TAKES HIS PLACE AMONG ?OSE IMMOD]ATE H]OES & M>TYRS 9 ! CAUSE ( A FREE PRESS2 A MODE/ PLACE IT IS TRUE BUT A PLACE NEV]!LESS4 ,! MA9 WEAKNESS ( HIS DEF5SE WAS NOT 9 ! WORDS US$ BUT 9 ! DI/RIBUTION TO A WIDE AUDI5CE4 ,IT IS NATURAL ?AT ! NEWSPAP]S %\LD PR9T NO?+ ( HIS ALLEGATIONS CONC]N+ ! ACTIVITIES ( ,C\LON4 ,IT IS SURPRIS+ H[EV] ?AT HE %\LD NOT HAVE MADE >RANGEM5TS TO HAVE HIS DEF5SE SPEE* PROP]LY CIRCULAT$2 SO MU* ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ?IS TYPE ( TRIAL LIES 9 ! REALM ( !AT] & ! SPECTACLE4 ,UNLESS1 ( C\RSE1 ,NICOLL WAS EXPECT+ TO BE ACQUITT$4 ,HE HAD N\RI%$ SANGU9E HOPES 9 ! ,WALSALL CASE4 ,H[EV]1 IT SEEMS ?AT ! ACTIVITY ( DETECTIVES 9 ! C\RT :O W]E /OPP+ PEOPLE TAK+ NOTES WAS SUFFICI5T TO PREV5T ! TEXT ( ! DEF5SE APPE>+ UNTIL AFT] ,NICOLL'S RELEASE4 ,AT ! V]Y LEA/1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 A COPY ( ! DEF5SE SPEE* C\LD HAVE BE5 TAK5 \T ( ! C\RT BY ,M[BRAY OR HIS C\NSEL4 ,?IS ELEM5T>Y PRECAUTION AGA9/ ! POSSIBILITY ( SUPPRESSION DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE OCCURR$ TO ,NICOLL4 7,ANO!R POSSIBILITY IS ?AT FE> OR SOME O!R K9D ( PRESSURE WAS BE+ BR\<T TO BE>47 ,FUR!R1 NO PROP] >RANGEM5TS SEEM TO HAVE BE5 MADE = ANYONE TO TAKE UP ! WORK CONNECT$ ) ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S4 ,! DEF5SE COMMITTEE SEEMS ONLY TO HAVE BE5 COMPOS$ ( ,NICOLL HIMSELF4 ,! EXT5T TO :I* HE PLAY$ CLOSE TO HIS *E/ IS 9DICAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT EV5 HIS WIFE DIDN'T KN[ ?AT HE WAS ?REAT5$ ) >RE/4 ,SO :5 HE WAS F\ND GUILTY & S5T5C$ TO EI<TE5 MON?S' H>D LABOR = A RA!R FOOLI% >TICLE ! MOVEM5T GA9$ A M>TYR BUT LO/ A LOT ( 9=MATION.<#b#b#h.> & ALSO LO/ ! OPPORTUNITY TO QUICKLY DEVELOP A CAMPAIGN 9 RESPONSE TO ! CONVICTIONS ( ! ,WALSALL M54 ,& ! PUBLICITY SURR\ND+ ! TRIAL WAS NOT ALL ,NICOLL HAD 9T5D$ 9 ! WAY ( ADV]TIS+ ! CAUSE4 

,= !IR P>T1 ! AU?ORITIES W]E C>EFUL TO GIVE ,NICOLL & ,M[BRAY A 'FAIR' TRIAL4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! RAID & ! 'UN=TUNATE' PUBLICITY SURR\ND+ ! >RE/ ( ,M[BRAY HAD >\S$ QUITE NOISY PROTE/S4 ,IT WAS AS WELL TO BE C>EFUL4 ,! ,LORD ,*IEF ,JU/ICE WAS ! S\L ( C\RTESY ?R\<\T & EV5 ALL[$ HIMSELF A FEW WORDS ( PRAISE = ,NICOLL3 0444Y\ CONDUCT$ Y\RSELF TODAY P]FECTLY WELL & Y\ HAVE %[N M>KS ( CONSID]ABLE $UCATION & =CE ( *>ACT]40.<#b#b#i.> ,BUT PRAISE FROM SU* QU>T]S IS RA!R LIKE BE+ GIV5 ! PRIVILEGE ( BE+ EAT5 BY A CROCODILE ) ESPECIALLY CLEAN TEE?4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,NICOLL C\LD HAVE BE5 S5T5C$ TO FIVE OR T5 YE>S' IMPRISONM5T2 BUT ! S5T5CE ( EI<TE5 MON?S REPRES5T$ NO?+ MORE ?AN A C>EFUL CALCULATION4 ,AS ! ,TIMES PUT IT3 0,MANY1 NO D\BT1 W\LD HAVE ACQUIESC$ 9 A MU* MORE SEV]E S5T5CE ?AN ! ,LORD ,*IEF JU/ICE HAS PASS$4 ,! DANG] IS ?AT SEV]ITY MAY >\SE SYMPA?Y & ?AT A PRISON] :O HAS REALLY GOT NO MORE ?AN HIS DES]TS MAY BECOME AN OBJECT ( PUBLIC COMMIS]ATION1 NOT ONLY AMONG HIS CONF$]ATES OR P]SONAL FRI5DS40 

,SO ,NICOLL />T$ HIS S5T5CE4 ,UNLESS ACTIVITY )9 PRISONS L9KS UP ) ! WID] MOVEM5T1 ,I HAVE RE/RICT$ ! ACC\NTS ( AN>*I/S' PRISON EXP]I5CES4 ,9 ,NICOLL'S CASE1 H[EV]1 HIS EXP]I5CES W]E TO EXPLA9 MU* ( HIS LAT] ATTITUDES & ACTIVITIES 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS = !SE REASONS ?AT ,I PRES5T IT 9 ?IS HI/ORY1 AL?\< IT DES]VES TO TAKE ITS PLACE AMONG PRISON LIT]ATURE AS YET ANO!R EXAMPLE ( ! VICI\SLY PO9TLESS NATURE ( ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS -- PO9TLESS1 ( C\RSE1 UNLESS !IR PURPOSE IS REV5GE4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE1 ! /ATE WAS WELL REV5G$ ON ,DAVID ,NICOLL = HIS PRESUMPTION 9 9QUIR+ AB\T ! FITNESS TO LIVE ( ITS REPRES5TATIVES4 ,! FIR/ P>T ( HIS S5T5CE WAS PASS$ AT ,P5TONVILLE PRISON4 ,= ! FIR/ MON? HE WALK$ ! TREADMILL & = ! RE/ ( HIS TIME !RE WAS SET TO PICK+ OAKUM -- OAKUM BE+ 0SECTIONS ( %IP'S CABLE1 ?ICKLY 5CRU/$ ) T> & SOMETIMES ) PA9T4 ,(T5 ! T> HAS H>D5$ ) AGE & !N ! WORK IS MU* H>D]40 ,! PO9T ( ! EX]CISE IS TO %R$ ! OAKUM BY H& :I* IF IT IS DONE )\T US+ ALL ! LITTLE TRICKS ?AT EXP]I5CE TEA*ES1 LEAVES ! PRISON] ) BROK5 NAILS & BLE$+ H&S1 & A S5SE ( RUNN+ A CRAZY RACE AGA9/ TIME TO PRODUCE ! AM\NT DEM&$4 ,DR ,CREA<E WAS TO WRITE TO ! ,COMMONWEAL1 0,I FE> ?AT H>D LABOR WILL BE T]RIBLY TRY+ TO A MAN LIKE COMRADE ,NICOLL40 ,HE WAS RI<T4 

,NICOLL WAS MOV$ ON #a#c? ,JUNE TO ! JAIL ( ! SMALL C\NTRY T[N ( ,*ELMS=D4 ,AS AT ,P5TONVILLE HE WORK$ 9 HIS CELL 9 SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T AT OAKUM PICK+4 ,9 ! #a#c? ,AUGU/ ISSUE ( ! ,COMMONWEAL IT WAS MADE CLE> ?AT HE WAS F9D+ ! WORK NO EASI]4 ,:5 TWO COMRADES >RIV$ TO VISIT HIM 0A CONSULTATION TOOK PLACE AS TO :E!R WE %\LD BE ALL[$ TO SEE HIM AT ALL S9CE HE HAD NOT PICK$ 5\< OAKUM ! DAY BE=E & HAD BE5 PUT ON BREAD & WAT] 9 CONSEQU5CE 4440 ,! COMRADES F\ND HIM 9 A *E]FUL 5\< MOOD AT ?IS PO9T4 ,HE HAD ?\<T ON GO+ 9TO PRISON ?AT HIS 0S5T5CE SEEM$ SO UNJU/ ?AT ,I C\LD NOT BELIEVE ,I %\LD S]VE ! :OLE ( IT40 ,BUT IT WAS AT ,*ELMS=D ?AT IT F9ALLY CAME HOME TO HIM ?AT !RE W\LD BE NO PREMATURE RELEASE FROM PRISON4 ,TAK5 ) ?IS1 ! LIMIT$ FOOD1 ! SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T & !N F9ALLY ! NEWS ?AT ! ,COMMONWEAL HAD SUSP5D$ PUBLICATION PLUNG$ HIM 9TO A DEEP MOOD ( DESPAIR4 

,!N HE />T$ HE>+ VOICES4 ,!Y TOOK ! =M ( SUPPOS$ READ+S FROM ! POPUL> PRESS BY ! W>D]S CONC]N+ ! DO+S ( AN>*I/S4 ,!N IT APPE>$ ?AT ! POLICE W]E RAID+ ! H\SES ( AN>*I/S ALL OV] ,LONDON4 ,BUT PUBLIC 9DIGNATION WAS RIS+4 ,!N ,JOHN ,BURNS HIMSELF DECID$ TO SPEAK AT AN AN>*I/ PROTE/ MEET+ AT ,S\? ,PLACE4 ,! REPORTS ( ?IS MEET+ W]E ?AT IT HAD BE5 A GREAT SUCCESS & ?AT !RE WAS TO BE A HUGE DEMON/RATION 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E ON ,SUNDAY #a#c? ,NOVEMB]1 CALL+ = AN AMNE/Y = ALL ! >RE/$ AN>*I/S1 9CLUD+ ,NICOLL4 ,JOHN ,BURNS HAD PROVID$ ! MONEY = ! ,COMMONWEAL TO BE RE/>T$ UND] ! $ITOR%IP ( ,M[BRAY4 ,ON ! ,SATURDAY BE=E ! MEET+ ,NICOLL HE>D MURMUR+ CR[DS \TSIDE ! JAIL4 ,! MEET+ 0WAS A GLORI\S SUCCESS & MY RELEASE SEEM$ C]TA940 ,!N ! CR[DS \TSIDE ! PRISON />T$ S++ TO ,NICOLL1 V]SIONS ( ! ',C>MAGNOLE' -- 0,HURRAH = ! ,COMMONWEAL_/,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE_/,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 4440 -- & AFT] ?IS HAPP5$ SEV]AL TIMES1 ! :OLE ?+ REA*$ A CLIMAX AFT] 

A MANLY VOICE 444 MADE SOLEMN PROCLAMATION ?AT ',JOHN ,BURNS WILL BE D[N TOMORR[ AT EI<T O'CLOCK ) A FREE P>DON FROM ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y 444' ,B$TIME CAME1 & ,I RETIR$ TO B$1 BUT NOT TO SLEEP4 ,! FEMALE VOICE RETURN$ ) A *ORUS ( O!RS1 *ANT+ WILDLY ! ',C>MAGNOLE'4 ,!Y MADE ! NI<T HIDE\S ) ?IS MELODY1 :I* RANG WILDLY ?R\< ! D>KNESS4 ,SWIFT] & SWIFT] RAN ! MAGIC TUNE4 ,WILD] & WILD] GREW ! DANCE & L\D] ! *ANT1 TILL IT S\ND$ AS IF A HO/ ( WIT*ES W]E KEEP+ ,SABBA? >\ND ! PRISON4 ,HELL WAS LET LOOSE4 ,AT LA/1 AT A LATE H\R ,I FELL ASLEEP AMID ! WILD DISCORDS ( ! <O/LY REVEL4 

,NATURALLY 5\<1 NO P>DON >RIV$1 ! EV5TS DESCRIB$ BY ! VOICES HAV+ NO RELATION TO EV5TS \TSIDE ,NICOLL'S IMAG9ATION4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ON1 ,NICOLL COMPLA9$ ( VOICES FROM ! NEXT CELL ASK+ PRY+ QUE/IONS AB\T AN>*I/S 9 ,LONDON4 ,ON COMPLA9+ AB\T ?IS TO A VISITOR -- AN OBJECTION :I* WAS PASS$ ON TO ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y VIA ,JOHN ,BURNS -- HE SP5T SOME TIME 9 ! 9FIRM>Y BE+ PRON\NC$ TO BE SUFF]+ FROM DELUSIONS 9DUC$ BY SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T4 ,?IS ,NICOLL 9DIGNANTLY D5I$1 & 9 ! PAMPHLET ,! ,<O/S ( ,*ELMS=D ,JAIL.<#b#c.> GIVES ACC\NTS ( O!R PEOPLE HE>+ :ISP]S 9 PRISONS & BLAMES ! VOICES & S++ ON A CONSPIRACY ( PRISON W>D]S & B\<T-OV] PRISON]S4 ,AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT ! MA/]M9D+ ( SU* A CONSPIRACY REQUIR$ A CREATIVITY BEYOND ! REA* ( MO/ PRISON W>D]S1 :OSE 9T]F]5CES ) PRISON]S T5D TO BE MORE PHYSICALLY IMM$IATE & BRUTAL1 !RE >E QUITE OBVI\S 9CONSI/5CIES ( A BIZ>RE NATURE 9 ,NICOLL'S ACC\NT1 :I* W\LD SEEM TO 9DICATE ?AT HE UND]W5T SOME K9D ( P>ANOID BREAKD[N4 ,:5 ! IMM$IATE PRESSURE ( SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T WAS RELEAS$ & HE WAS PUT TO WORK 9 ! PRISON G>D5 0MY LIFE WAS ALMO/ UNEV5TFUL0 7AS HE SAYS7 & ! USELESS & PO9TLESS DAYS PASS$ BY UNTIL ! S5T5CE PASS$ ON HIM WAS COMPLET$4 

,:ILE ! IMM$IATE EXCITEM5T ( ,M[BRAY'S & ,NICOLL'S >RE/1 ,MAY ,DAY & ! TRIAL WAS GO+ ON1 ! ,COMMONWEAL WAS $IT$ BY ,GEORGE ,CORES1 ! MAN :O HAD DONE HIS BE/ TO SECURE A CONT9UATION ( AN>*I/ PROPAG&A 9 ,WALSALL4 ,& AS ,NICOLL PO9T$ \T AT HIS TRIAL1 ! CIRCULATION ( ! ,COMMONWEAL MULTIPLI$ SIX TIMES 9 ?REE WEEKS4 ,C]TA9LY ,CORES WAS AN ABLE $ITOR :O PRODUC$ A LIVELY PAP]2 & C]TA9LY ! PUBLICITY GIV5 TO ! AN>*I/S BY ! RAID ON ! ,COMMONWEAL (FICE & ! >RE/S1 FOLL[+ AFT] ! ,WALSALL TRIAL1 ATTRACT$ S]I\S 9QUIRY AS WELL AS IDLE CURIOSITY4 ,YET ! FUNDAM5TAL REASON ?AT ,NICOLL C\LD CLAIM A HUGE 9CREASE 9 CIRCULATION AT ! TIME ( HIS TRIAL WAS ?AT ! PROTE/ DEMON/RATIONS & !N ! ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATIONS HAD GIV5 ! AN>*I/S A READYMADE M>KET = !IR PAP]S4 ,TEMPOR>ILY ! M\NTA9 HAD COME TO ,MAHOMET4 ,AS ! #g? ,MAY ,COMMONWEAL SAID ( ! ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATION3 0,ALL OV] ! ,P>K \R WOM5 FOLK .<SIC.> W]E SELL+ ,FRE$OM & ! ,COMMONWEAL & ! SALE WAS ! L>GE/ EV] KN[N40 ,9 ,MAN*E/]1 AT ! #a/ ,MAY DEMON/RATION !RE1 TW5TY QUIRE ( ,COMMONWEALS HAD BE5 SOLD4 ,?IS LEVEL ( SALES WAS NOT SU/A9$4 ,! PROBLEMS ( DI/RIBUTION :I* B$EVIL OPPOSITIONAL NEWSPAP]S HAD ONLY BE5 TEMPOR>ILY TRANSC5D$ BY OPPORTUNITY & 5?USIASM4 ,= ! PAP] TO HAVE SU/A9$ !SE SALES EI!R MASS LEFT-W+ DEMON/RATIONS :]E ! AN>*I/S C\LD HAVE SOLD IT W\LD HAVE TO HAVE HAPP5$ CONT9UALLY1 OR !Y W\LD HAVE TO HAVE HAD A SALES =CE ABLE TO REA* A MU* MORE GREATLY DISP]S$ BODY ( SYMPA?IZ]S OR S5SATION-SEEK]S4 ,:5 !IR AUDI5CE WAS NOT READYMADE ! SALES ( ! PAP] W\LD BE A MORE TRUE 9DICATION ( !IR ORGANIZATIONAL /R5G? & !IR ABILITY TO REA* POT5TIAL SUPPORT]S & COMRADES4 ,A />T WAS MADE ON ! =MATION ( A NUMB] ( AUTONOM\S AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,LONDON4 ,! ,COMMONWEAL = #a#d? ,MAY ANN\NC$ ?AT ,H4,B4 

,SAMUELS WAS N[ ! PUBLI%] ( ! PAP] & ALSO ANN\NC$ A LI/ ( GR\PS & SECRET>IES 0& IT ONLY REMA9S = COMRADES & SYMPA?IZ]S TO ATTA* !MSELVES TO ! GR\PS !Y CAN BE/ WORK )40 ,IT WAS EI!R LACK ( =E?\<T OR A NOBLE LACK ( OPPORTUNISM :I* CAUS$ ?IS ORGANIZATIONAL ATTEMPT TO MISS ! MASS AUDI5CES ( #b#d? ,APRIL & ,MAY ,DAY4 ,?IS MOVE1 H[EV] WELL OR BADLY PLANN$1 DID REPRES5T SOME?+ ( A DEP>TURE4 ,UP TO ?IS PO9T ! ,5GLI% AN>*I/S HAD GR[N )9 O!R BODIES1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 OR >\ND A P]IODICAL1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ,FRE$OM & ! ,AN>*I/1 OR ?R\< 9DIVIDUAL CONTACT & G5]AL ASSOCIATION ) AN>*I/S 9 ! POLITICAL CLUBS4 ,! ACTIVITY ( ! NEW AN>*I/ GR\PS WAS TO REMA9 PROPAG&I/1 BUT N[ !Y W]E PREP>$ -- EV5 EAG] -- TO %>PLY DIFF]5TIATE !MSELVES )9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T NOT ONLY IDEOLOGICALLY BUT ORGANIZATIONALLY AS WELL4 ,EI<T GR\PS W]E GIV5 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,!Y W]E ! ,COMMONWEAL ,GR\P 7SECRET>Y1 ,T4 ,CANTWELL72 ,HAMM]SMI? 7,TO*ATTI72 ,HOLBORN 7,H4 ,BIRD72 ,PADD+TON 7,W4,B4 ,P>K]72 ,NOR? ,LONDON 7,J4 ,PRESBURG72 ,/RAT=D 7,F4 ,G\LD+72 ,TOTT5HAM 7,H4,B4 ,MORGAN72 ,:ITE*APEL 7,E4 ,LEGGATT74 ,9 ! NEXT ISSUE TWO MORE GR\PS W]E ADD$3 ,S\? ,LONDON 7,F4,A4 ,FOX7 & ,FRE$OM 7,MRS ,HYDE74 7,! FACT ?AT ! LATT] WAS 9CLUD$ AS SOME?+ ( AN AFT]?\<T IS SOME 9DICATION ( ITS /ATUS AMONG ! ,COMMONWEAL AN>*I/S47 ,A PROGRAM ( \TDOOR SPEAK+ WAS />T$1 ) ?REE PIT*ES1 RIS+ TO FIVE BY #d? ,JUNE4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! PAP] W5T 9TO A /EADY DECL9E ONCE ! EXCITEM5T ( ,NICOLL'S TRIAL WAS OV]4 ,NICOLL HIMSELF WAS TO BLAME ?IS EXCLUSIVELY ON ,SAMUELS'S $ITOR%IP3 0! PAP]10 HE SAID1 0WAS $IT$ 9 SU* A BUNGL+ MANN] ?AT ITS SUBSCRIB]S RAPIDLY DROPP$ AWAY & IT F9ALLY W5T UND]40.<#b#c#a.> ,ON ONE LEVEL ?IS WAS UNFAIR4 ,! PAP] WAS SUBJECT TO A DEGREE ( H>ASSM5T FROM ! POLICE :I* MADE PUBLI%+ ! PAP] RA!R MORE DIFFICULT4 ,FIR/LY1 ! TYPE SEIZ$ BY ! POLICE :5 !Y RAID$ ! ,COMMONWEAL AT ! TIME ( ,NICOLL'S >RE/ WAS NOT RETURN$ UNTIL MID-,JUNE4 ,IT TOOK A GREAT DEAL ( TR\BLE1 ) APPLICATIONS ?R\< ! C\RTS & ?R\< DIRECT APPLICATION TO ,SCOTL& ,Y>D1 ) A L>GE NUMB] ( OB/ACLES PLAC$ 9 ! WAY4 ,EV5 :5 ! TYPE WAS RETURN$1 ! MADE-UP TYPE -- 9CLUD+ ! FIR/ P>T ( ,NICOLL'S REVELATIONS CONC]N+ ! ,WALSALL M5 -- WAS 'PI$'1 ?AT IS1 BROK5 UP1 ON ,HOME ,(FICE ORD]S4 ,! ,COMMONWEAL WAS ALSO EVICT$ 9 LATE ,JUNE FROM ITS (FICE 9 ,CITY ,ROAD4 ,?IS FOLL[$ SOME MY/]I\S MEASUR+ ACTIVITY 9DULG$ 9 BY ! POLICE -- PRESUMABLY TO SEE IF ! (FICE TRANSGRESS$ SOME SIT+ REGULATION4 ,?IS PROV$ NOT TO BE ! CASE4 ,! ,COMMONWEAL ALLEG$ ?AT ! POLICE !N W5T TO ! L&LORD & :ISP]$ 9 HIS E> TO SU* EFFECT ?AT HE GAVE ! PAP] NOTICE TO QUIT4 ,AFT] 5JOY+ SOME WEEKS' T5URE R5T-FREE & AFT] FI<T+ ! POSSESSION ORD] 9 ! C\RTS -- UNSUCCESSFULLY -- ! PAP] REMOV$ ITSELF BE=E ! BAILIFFS >RIV$ TO ! PREMISES ( ! ,B]N] ,/REET CLUB4 

,H[EV]1 ON ANO!R LEVEL ,NICOLL WAS QUITE RI<T TO BLAME ! $ITOR%IP ( ! PAP] = ITS DECL9E4 ,FIR/LY1 ,SAMUELS $IT$ A BOR+ PAP]4 ,SECONDLY1 HE SEEMS TO HAVE PROVOK$ 9T]NAL DISS5SION 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL ,GR\P 9 SU* A WAY AS TO 5SURE ?AT EV5 IF ! PAP] DID GET PRODUC$ !RE WAS NO 5?USIASM TO 5SURE ITS PROP] CIRCULATION4 ,! PAP] WAS BOR+ BECAUSE IT LACK$ J\RNALI/IC S5SE3 ! ACC\NTS ( ,NICOLL'S TRIAL W]E P]FUNCTORY1 & AL?\< ! TEXT ( HIS SPEE* WAS PROMIS$ 0AS SOON AS WE CAN GET IT FROM ! CL]K ( ! C\RT 4440 IT NEV] APPE>$4 ,CREA<E S5T LETT]S REPORT+ ON HIS FACTION FI<TS 9 ,BURNLEY ) ! ,S4,D4,F4 :I* MADE EXCELL5T READ+4 ,SIMIL>LY HE S5T A PLEA ?AT 0,I HOPE Y\ WILL LET US KN[ 9 ! ,WEAL AS (T5 AS POSSIBLE H[ ! COMRADES >E GETT+ ON 9 ,/AF=D AS WELL AS ,NICOLL40 ,YET ACC\NTS ( ! ,WALSALL M5 NEV] APPE>$1 & C]TA9LY NO AGITATION WAS />T$ CONC]N+ ! ROLE ( ! AG5T PROVOCATEUR ,C\LON4 ,NICOLL WAS M5TION$ & HIS LETT]S W]E REPR9T$ FROM TIME TO TIME BUT NO DEM&S = HIS RELEASE W]E MADE4 ,NONE ( ! COMRADES LEFT 9 ! MOVEM5T1 IT SEEM$1 HAD ,NICOLL'S OBSESSIVE ORGANIZATIONAL & AGITATIONAL ABILITY1 AS %[N 9 HIS CAMPAIGN >\ND ! ,WALSALL AFFAIR -- EXCEPT P]HAPS = ,CORES4 ,! REASON = ! LATT]'S SUDD5 DISAPPE>ANCE FROM ! SC5E AFT] $IT+ ! PAP] SO SUCCESSFULLY WAS NOT MADE AT ALL CLE> 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL4 ,IF ! PUBLI%$ E/IMATIONS ( ,SAMUELS'S *>ACT] >E ANY?+ TO GO BY IT IS PROBABLE ?AT ,CORES LEFT AFT] A QU>REL BETWE5 ! TWO M54 ,! REPORTS ( ! MOVEM5T1 LIKE ,CREA<E'S CONTRIBUTIONS1 W]E SQUEEZ$ \T BY MAT]IAL MADE UP ( S]IALIZATIONS ( !ORETICAL MATT]4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT IT WAS ( A L[ /&>D3 ,KROPOTK9'S ',REPRES5TATIVE ,GOV]NM5T' APPE>$ ?R\< ,MAY & ,JUNE & WAS FOLL[$ BY ',REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T'4 ,O!R S]IALIZ$ MATT]1 TOO1 WAS WOR? PRODUC+ -- 9 PAMPHLET OR BOOK =M4 ,BUT 9 AN AGITATIONAL NEWSPAP] IT WAS A GREAT MI/AKE TO FILL ! GREAT] P>T ( IT ) OV]LAPP+ WADS ( !ORETICAL SAGA4 ,9 FACT1 IT CAN BE NO ACCID5T ?AT AN >TICLE 5TITL$ ',TOO ,AB/RACT' APPE>$ 9 ! #b#e? ,JUNE $ITION4 ,?IS >TICLE -- REPR9T$ FROM ,LA ,REVOLTE -- />TS ) ! WORDS3 

',Y\ >E TOO AB/RACT'1 ',Y\ >E NOT ACCESSIBLE TO ! MASSES'1 ',Y\ >E TOO MONOTON\S'4 ,SU* >E ! REPROA*ES :I* WE F9D TOO (T5 9 ! CORRESPOND5CE :I* WE HAVE ) COMRADES 9T]E/$ 9 ! PROPAG&A1 & :O ?9K ?AT IT IS DUE TO A WI% TO APPE> V]Y SCI5TIFIC4 ,WE HAVE (T5 ADMITT$ ?AT AS REG>DS ! WORK]S \R PAP] IS1 = ?OSE :O BEG9 TO /UDY ! SOCIAL QUE/ION1 SOMETIMES UND\BT$LY V]Y DRY4 

,! >TICLE GOES ON TO >GUE ?AT 9 ORD] TO *ANGE ! WORLD WE HAVE TO UND]/& IT1 WE HAVE TO BE CLE> AB\T ! DIRECTION WE >E ATTEMPT+ TO TAKE1 ! WORK]S' REVOLTS ( ! PA/ HAVE FAIL$ BECAUSE !Y W]E TOO CONFUS$ TO MAKE !IR REVOLTS 9TO REVOLUTIONS1 ETC41 ETC4 

,N[ ! >TICLE >GUES ! PO9T CLE>LY & IT IS A PO9T WOR? MAK+4 ,! SUPPRESS$ PREMISE1 ! UN>TICULAT$ CONTEXT ( ! >GUM5T1 IS ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ! UND]/&+ ( ?IS WORLD & \R ASPIRATIONS = A BETT] ONE CAN ONLY BE UND]/OOD ?R\< A P>TICUL> /YLE ( DISC\RSE4 ,BUT ! SONGS1 ! UTOPIAS1 ! C>TOONS1 ! HUMOR ( ! MOVEM5T W]E MORE ?AN ! DROSS SURR\ND+ ! PURE METAL ( '!ORY'1 ALL ( !SE ?+S C\LD BE MORE OR LESS COH]5T1 MORE OR LESS CREATIVE4 ,ALL ( !M W]E MORE OR LESS EFFECTIVE WAYS ( UND]/&+ ! WORLD 9 ORD] TO *ANGE IT4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y J\RNALISM HAS MANY /YLES TO *OOSE FROM4 ,!RE WAS ?US NO P>TICUL> EXCUSE = CONV]T+ ! ,COMMONWEAL ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY 9TO A S]IES ( OV]LAPP+ POLITICAL ANALYZES4 ,NEI!R C\LD IT BE SAID TO REPRES5T ! EF=TS ( ! ,COMMONWEAL ,GR\P TO UND]/& ! WORLD FROM !IR [N SPECIFIC VIEWPO9T -- MO/ ( ! MAT]IAL WAS REPR9T$4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT !Y ASPIR$ TO ! PHILOSOPHICAL GLITT] ( ,FRE$OM1 ! $ITORIAL GR\P ( :I* W]E !MSELVES ACTIVELY 5GAG$ 9 DEVELOP+ ! !ORY ( AN>*I/-COMMUNISM4 ,! ,COMMONWEAL ,GR\P1 TO PUT IT SIMPLY1 DID REALLY WANT TO APPE> V]Y SCI5TIFIC & PHILOSOPHICAL4 ,9 PRODUC+ A COPY ( ,FRE$OM !Y 9EVITABLY PRODUC$ AN 9F]IOR V]SION ( ! ORIG9AL4 

,BUT !RE W]E ALSO 9T]NAL DIFFICULTIES 9 ! GR\P PRODUC+ ! PAP]4 ,! MA9 DIFFICULTY C5T]$ R\ND ATTITUDES TO ,RAVA*OL4 ,! DISPUTE ONLY SURFAC$ 9 OCCASIONAL FLA%ES 9 ! PAP] & TO A C]TA9 EXT5T ONE HAS TO READ BETWE5 ! L9ES4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ,H4,B4 ,SAMUELS PRAIS$ ,RAVA*OL TO *E]S AT ! AN>*I/ DEMON/RATION ON ,MAY ,DAY4 ,! DEVELOP+ SAGA ( HIS TRIAL1 FIR/ = ! BOMB+S ( ! HOMES ( ! JUDICIAL WOR?IES & !N = ! MURD] & ROBB]Y ( ! H]MIT ( ,*AMBLES1 OCCUPI$ ! PRESS FROM ,APRIL UNTIL HIS EXECUTION 9 ,JULY #a#h#i#b4 ,9 ! CIRCUM/ANCES AN>*I/S F\ND IT NECESS>Y TO DEF9E !IR POSITION 9 RELATION TO ,RAVA*OL'S ACTS4 ,! TR\BLE WAS ?AT = SOME ! SUBTLETY ( CLAIM+ ,RAVA*OL ! BOMB] BUT DISAV[+ ,RAVA*OL ! ROBB] & MURD]] SMACK$ ( LACK ( DET]M9ATION4 ,9 ! ,COMMONWEAL ( #bND ,JULY WE F9D ,H4,B4 ,SAMUELS WRIT+ 0444WE >E ANXI\SLY AWAIT+ ! ADV5T ( SOME ,5GLI% ,RAVA*OLS0 & DESCRIB+ HIM AS 0A MAN :O HAS %AK5 CAPITALISM TO ITS F\NDATIONS40 ,! FUNDAM5TAL CONFUSION ( ID5TIFY+ ! FE> & PANIC ?AT ,RAVA*OL CAUS$ AMONG ! ,FR5* B\RGEOISIE ) A COMP>ABLE DEGREE ( DAMAGE TO ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM ITSELF SEEM$ TO BE %>$ BY MO/ ( ! CORRESPOND5TS4 ,ALF ,B>TON WROTE 9 TO OPPOSE ,H4,B4 ,SAMUELS1 F9D+ IT IMPOSSIBLE TO ACCEPT ! MURD] & ROBB]Y ( ! H]MIT AS A GREAT REVOLUTION>Y ACT4 ,SIMIL>LY HE C\LD NOT /OMA* ,RAVA*OL'S ATTEMPT$ GRAVE ROBB]Y4 0,NO D\BT DE$S SPEAK L\D] ?AN WORDS10 HE WROTE1 0BUT ! DE$S %\LD HAVE SOME HUMANITY & H]OISM AB\T !M40 ,BURNIE WROTE TO ASSOCIATE HIMSELF ) ,B>TON'S LETT]2 ,CANTWELL WROTE TO SAY ?AT IF ONE DID NOT LIKE ! KILL+ ONE HAD TO ADMIT ?AT ,RAVA*OL WAS TO BE PRAIS$ = REFUS+ TO LIE D[N & />VE TO DEA? LIKE SO MANY WORK]S2 :ILE A ,W4 ,JACKSON WROTE 9 A LETT] ( /RONG APPROVAL = ALL ,RAVA*OL'S ACTS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 AT A MEET+ AT ! ,B]N] ,/REET CLUB ON ,SATURDAY1 #a#f? ,JULY1 0SPEE*ES 9 ,FR5*1 ,G]MAN1 ,5GLI% & ,YIDDI% W]E DELIV]$ TO A CR[D$ & MO/ 5?USIA/IC AUDI5CE :O *E]$ EV]Y ALLUSION TO ,RAVA*OL'S /RUGGLES AGA9/ SOCIETY 4440 ,ON ,TUESDAY1 #a#i? ,JULY1 AT ! ,A!NEUM ,HALL1 ,TOTT5HAM ,C\RT ,ROAD1 0ANO!R CR[D$ AUDI5CE LI/5$ TO SPEE*ES FROM SEV]AL COMRADES :O URG$ ! NECESSITY ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY AGA9/ SOCIETY40 ,IT W\LD SEEM !RE=E ?AT !RE WAS A C]TA9 POPUL> GR\NDSWELL ( OP9ION 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :I* WAS 5?USIA/ICALLY 9 FAVOR ( ,RAVA*OL-/YLE PROPAG&A BY DE$4 ,?IS WAS NOT 5?USIASM FROM AF> EI!R1 P>TICUL>LY AMONG ! =EIGN AN>*I/S 9 EXILE 9 ,BRITA94 ,TWO ( !SE EXILES -- ,FRANCOIS & ,MEUNI] -- W]E BE+ ASSIDU\SLY HUNT$ BY ,MELVILLE & ! POLITICAL POLICE = !IR ALLEG$ BOMB+ ( ! ,CAFE ,V]Y 9 REV5GE = ! >RE/ ( ,RAVA*OL AFT] A TIP-(F FROM ONE ( ! /AFF4 ,?IRTY POLICE UND] ,MELVILLE RAID$ ! H\SE ( ,DELBAQUE1 A ,FR5* AN>*I/1 AT #c ,*>LOTTE ,/REET1 ON #b#g? ,JUNE1 5?USIA/ICALLY SMA%+ OP5 LOCK$ DOORS BUT F9D+ NO ONE4 ,! POLICE RAID$ #ci ,COMPTON ,/REET1 ,TAVI/OCK ,SQU>E1 ON #b#g? ,JULY1 CAUS+ MORE DAMAGE BUT COM+ AWAY EQUALLY EMPTY-H&$4 ,MEET+S C]TA9LY TOOK PLACE AT ! ,AUTONOMIE ,CLUB1 :]E PRO-& ANTI-,RAVA*OL FACTIONS >GU$ \T ! MATT]4 ,ONE NOT ALTOGE!R RELIABLE S\RCE IMPLIES ?AT ,FRANCOIS P>TICUL>LY HAD BE5 BASK+ 9 ADMIRATION AT ! ,AUTONOMIE1 BE+ GREET$ AS HE WALK$ 9 ?R\< ! DOOR ) %\TS ( ',FRANCOIS6 ,FRANCOIS6' ,S9CE1 APP>5TLY1 HE WAS 9 ! HABIT ( BOA/+ TO ALL & SUNDRY AB\T HIS EXPLOITS IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ,MELVILLE KNEW HE WAS 9 ,LONDON4 ,GIV5 ! CIRCUM/ANCES HE TOOK A REM>KABLY LONG TIME TO CAT* ! TWO M54.<#b#c#b.> ,BO? ,CANTWELL & ,H4,B4 ,SAMUELS SEEM TO HAVE %>$ ! PRO-,RAVA*OL 5?USIASM1 & OCCASIONAL BUR/S ( V]BAL T]RORISM 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL EXPRESS ! FACT4 ,O!RS1 LIKE ,M[BRAY1 IF WE REMEMB] HIS REM>KS AB\T ,NICOLL'S >TICLE BE+ 0FOOLI% AT BE/1 DAMNABLE AT WOR/10 & ,LEGGATT1 :O DISAV[$ ,RAVA*OL AT ! AN>*I/ DEMON/RATION ON ,MAY ,DAY1 C\LD BE ASSUM$ TO BE 9 OPPOSITION TO ! L9E TAK5 BY ,SAMUELS & ,CANTWELL4 ,ONE HAS TO REMEMB] ?AT ,NICOLL HAD BE5 >RE/$ = V]BAL T]RORISM4 ,IT CAN BE QUITE READILY UND]/OOD ?AT SOME MEMB]S ( ! GR\P1 P>TICUL>LY ,M[BRAY1 W\LD BE FIRMLY OPPOS$ TO 'PROVOCATIVE' MAT]IAL = ! SAKE ( IT4 ,M[BRAY & ,LEGGATT W]E BY NO MEANS OPPOS$ TO VIOL5CE :5 IT WAS A MATT] ( MASS MOBILIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS OR AS P>T ( ! ORGANIZ+ PROCESS OR DEF5SE1 BUT PRESUMABLY JU/ DID NOT SEE ! PO9T ( PUTT+ ! PAP] AT JEOP>DY = ! SAKE ( RHETORIC4 ,AS F> AS ! ,COMMONWEAL WAS CONC]N$ ! GR\P :I* 9CLUD$ ,M[BRAY & ,LEGGATT SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 /RONG 5\< TO /OP ANY FUR!R >TICLES 9 PRAISE ( ,RAVA*OL APPE>+ AFT] ,JULY4 ,! SIDE EFFECT WAS1 H[EV]1 ?AT REPR9T$ !ORETICAL MAT]IAL =M$ ! BULK ( ! PAP]1 :I* WAS N[ UNLEAV5$ BY EV5 WILLFUL EXTREMISM4 

,BY ,AUGU/ IT WAS APP>5T ?AT ?+S W]E NOT WELL 9 ,LONDON1 ?\< IT WAS ANN\NC$ 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL ?AT AN>*I/ GR\PS HAD BE5 =M$ 9 ,MAN*E/] & ,LE$S4 ,A PECULI> P>AGRAPH APPE>$ 9 ! PAP] AFT] AN ANN\NCEM5T ?AT A MEET+ TO DISCUSS ! PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN = ! AUTUMN & W9T] W\LD BE HELD AT ! ,B]N] ,/REET CLUB4 ,IT SAID1 0,9SPECTOR ,MELVILLE ! PREMI] LI> ( ,SCOTL& ,Y>D HAS BE5 BOA/+ OP5LY ?AT HE HAS SUCCE$$ EV5 BEYOND HIS HOPES 9 SPLITT+ UP ! AN>*I/S 9TO FACTIONS & HAS SET !M FI<T+ EA* O!R 9/EAD ( C>RY+ ON !IR WORK ( PROPAG&A4 ,?OSE :O >E NOT ( ,MELVILLE'S OP9ION WILL ATT5D ABOVE MEET+ SO ?AT !SE H\NDS MAY HAVE A LITTLE MORE WORK ON H&4 ,NO PLOTS BUT A DISCUSSION ( /EADY S]I\S PROPAG&A 4440 ,BY #b? ,AUGU/1 ! \TDOOR SPEAK+ PIT*ES 9 ,LONDON W]E D[N TO ?REE4 ,9 ! ISSUE ( #b#h? ,AUGU/ !RE WAS A ,NOTICE TO ,READ]S :I* SAID3 0,IT IS ) REGRET ?AT WE HAVE TO ANN\NCE ?AT UNLESS MORE FUNDS >E =?COM+ WE %ALL NOT BE ABLE TO PUBLI% NEXT WEEK4 ,DONATIONS TO ! ,PR9T+ ,FUND %\LD BE =W>D$ TO ! ,COMMONWEAL ,(FICE 4440 ,9 ! FOLL[+ ISSUE ! NUMB] ( GR\PS HAD FALL5 TO SIX 7FROM T5 9 ,MAY7 ) ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ,PADD+TON1 ,HOLBORN1 ,NOR? ,LONDON & ,:ITE*APEL4 ,?IS ISSUE1 #d? ,SEPTEMB]1 WAS ! LA/ 9 #a#h#i#b4 ,IT WAS 'EXPLA9$' :Y 9 A ',P>T+ ,WORD TO ,\R ,READ]S'3 

,! FLUCTUATIONS ( 9DU/RY1 HAVE = A TIME )\T ! AID ( ! POLICE1 SCATT]$ SEV]AL ( \R GR\PS1 \R COMRADES HAV+ TO TRAVEL AB\T 9 SE>* ( A LIVELIHOOD1 ?US BE+ PREV5T$ FROM DO+ A /EADY PROPAG&A4 ,?IS FACT & ! P]SECUTION :I* ! NAME ( ,AN>*I/ 5TAILS1 HAVE SOME:AT H9D]$ ! /EADY PROPAG&A BY MEANS ( :I* ! ,COMMONWEAL HAS HI!RTO EXI/$4 444 ,9 ORD] ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T %\LD NOT BE )\T A M\?PIECE = TOO LONG A TIME1 WE ASK COMRADES TO CONSID] ! ADVISABILITY ( =M+ A FUND TO />T A PAP]1 \TSPOK5 & FE>LESS ON ! FIR/ ( ,MAY NEXT1 ) FUNDS BEH9D IT SUFFICI5T TO AVOID ! NECESSITY ( !SE APPEALS4 

,! APPEAL TO TRADE FLUCTUATIONS AS AN EXCUSE WILL NOT DO 9 ITSELF4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T WAS GREAT]1 & YET AN>*I/S W]E MORE NUM]\S & ACTIVE 9 #ahic & #ahid ?AN 9 #a#h#i#b4.<#b#c#c.> ,! SOCIAL DISRUPTION CAUS$ BY ! UND\BT$ RISE 9 UNEMPLOYM5T 9 #ahib C\LD NOT HELP BUT AFFECT ! AN>*I/S TOO4 ,! ]OSION ( ! WORK+-CLASS GA9S ( #ahhi TO #ahi WAS PROCE$+ /EADILY & 9 SOME >EAS AT A DISA/R\S RATE4 ,BUT = ALL ?IS ,I FEEL SURE ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL REASON :Y ! PAP] /OPP$ PUBLICATION WAS ?AT ! P>TICUL> COMB9ATION ( PEOPLE RUNN+ IT C\LD SEE NO PO9T 9 GO+ ON ! WAY !Y W]E4 ,! CRISIS WAS A CRISIS ( MORALE4 ,NICOLL WAS LAT] TO ALLEGE ?AT 0,IT WAS PROPOS$ TO DISMANTLE ! (FICE & SELL ! PLANT TO ! ,FRE$OM PEOPLE40.<#b#c#d.> ,HE WROTE AN 9DIGNANT LETT] FROM PRISON :I*1 HE SAYS1 ! GR\P DID NOT PUBLI%4 ,! IMPLICATION IS ?AT IT WAS ONLY AS A RESULT ( HIS PROTE/S ?AT IT WAS PROPOS$ TO RE/>T ! PAP] ! FOLL[+ ,MAY4 ,BE ?IS AS IT MAY1 IT IS WOR? PO9T+ \T ?AT ANY SUSP5SION ( PUBLICATION GAVE ! GR\P ?AT RE/>T$ IT AN OV]:ELM+ CLAIM ( [N]%IP4 ,! W9T] ( #a#h#i#b-#a#h#i#c GAVE TIME = %IFT+ ALLEGIANCES1 RE%UFFLES & >GUM5TS TO DO !IR WORK4 ,:5 ! PAP] RE/>T$ ! $ITOR WAS ! SAME1 BUT ! *>ACT] ( ! GR\P & ! NATURE ( ! PAP] HAD *ANG$ SOME:AT4 ,H4,B4 ,SAMUELS HAD US$ ! TIME WELL4 

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