,*APT] #c 
,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,QUAIL 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #c4 ,! ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,F,$,],A,T,I,O,N ,& ,! ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,L,E,A,G,U,E 

,! WORK+-CLASS MILITANTS W]E CONC]N$ ) ! PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ( SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A ON SPECIFIC ISSUES AT ! GRASS ROOTS4 ,AS ,FRANK ,KITZ PUT IT1 0! ,5GLI% ,SECTION & ! COMRADES ( ! ,LABOR ,EMANCIPATION ,LEAGUE WORK$ ) ONLY ONE AIM & ?AT WAS TO P]MEATE ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE ) A SPIRIT ( REVOLT AGA9/ !IR OPPRESSORS & AGA9/ ! SQUALID MIS]Y :I* RESULTS FROM !IR MONOPOLY ( ! MEANS ( LIFE4 ,NO ?\<T ( KUDOS OR P]SONAL AGGR&IZEM5T HAD 5T]$ 9TO !IR EF=TS TO SPREAD ! LI<T1 & !RE=E ! SQUABBLES BETWE5 W\LD-BE LEAD]S HAD NO 9T]E/ = !M40.<#c#e.> ,?IS ASS]TION WAS C]TA9LY TRUE ( ?OSE :O =M$ ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#h#hS4 ,:ATEV] ! ACCUSATIONS AGA9/ !M BY !IR OPPON5TS1 SEEK+ A POLITICAL C>E] WAS NOT ONE ( !IR FAULTS4 ,!RE W]E O!RS1 H[EV]1 ) MORE ( AN EYE = ! MA9 *ANCE4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 SOCIALISM DEVELOP$ ON ! LEFT-W+ FR+E ( ! ,RADICAL MOVEM5T & 9 ?IS E>LY P]IOD RETA9$ /RONG L9KS ) ! ,RADICAL MILIEU4 ,!RE WAS A WAVE ( DISCONT5T AMONG ! ,RADICALS :5 ! ,LIB]AL GOV]NM5T FAIL$ TO LIVE UP TO ITS PROMISES ( RE=M & ?IS DISCONT5T MADE IT EASI] = ! SOCIALI/S TO SPREAD !IR MESSAGE4 ,BUT ?IS DISCONT5T ALSO ATTRACT$ MORE OPPORTUNI/ ATT5TION4 

,! WORK+-CLASS VOTE HAD BE5 ATTRACT$ TO ! ,LIB]AL ,P>TY BY A C>EFUL WOO+ ( ! ,RADICALS BY ! MORE 'PROGRESSIVE' ,LIB]ALS4 ,! ,TORY C\NT]-ATTACK TOOK SEV]AL =MS4 ,!Y DID SOME WOO+ ( !IR [N1 SETT+ UP CLUBS UND] !IR PATRONAGE & SEEK+ ! SUPPORT ( ! 9DEP5D5T CLUBS = ',TORY ,DEMOCRAT' C&IDATES 9 ELECTIONS4 ,! ',TORY ,DEMOCRATS' REPRES5T$ A COMB9ATION ( IMP]IALISM ABROAD & J+OISM & A G5TLE RE=MISM AT HOME4 ,!Y REPRES5T$ SOME?+ ( A BREAK ) ! ,TORIES ( ! OLD S*OOL1 :O W]E /RAI<T=W>D REPRES5TATIVES ( ! L&$ 9T]E/4 ,! MORE F>-SEE+ ,TORIES MADE ! QUITE CORRECT CALCULATION ?AT IF !Y C\LD SPLIT ! ,RADICALS FROM ! ,LIB]AL ,P>TY & SET !M AGA9/ EA* O!R !N ?IS W\LD SPLIT ! ANTI-,TORY VOTE & GA9 ,TORY MAJORITIES 9 O!RWISE UNPROMIS+ SEATS4 ,! MO/ HOPEFUL MEANS = EXP$IT+ ?AT SPLIT SEEM$ TO BE 9DEP5D5T ,LABOR C&IDATES4 ,! RISE ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY & ! CONCOMITANT DEMISE ( ! ,LIB]ALS %[S H[ CORRECT !IR ?9K+ WAS1 AT LEA/ 9 ! %ORT T]M4 ,IT HAD ! DISADVANTAGE1 H[EV]1 ( BE+ AN OBVI\S MANEUV]4 ,LANE RELATES A CRUDE APPROA* :5 HE WAS ACTIVE 9 ,M>YLEBONE BE=E ! ELECTION 9 #a#h#h4 ,HE 0HAD AN (F] BY ! ,TORIES TO PAY ALL EXP5SES IF WE W\LD PUT UP A C&IDATE -- WANT$ US TO PUT UP ( C\RSE TO LET ! ,TORIES 940.<#c#f.> ,! (F] WAS REFUS$4 

,IT WAS 9 ?IS RA!R MURKY POLITICAL UND]GR[? ?AT ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION HAD ITS ORIG9S4 ,H4,M4 ,HYNDMAN1 A /OCKBROK] & ONE ( ITS PRIME MOV]S1 HAD /OOD AS AN 9DEP5D5T ,TORY 9 ,M>YLEBONE 9 #a#h#h4 

,:ILE CANVAS+ ! CLUBS 9 ! DI/RICT HE MET ,JOE ,LANE :O RECALL$ HIS IMPRESSIONS ( ,HYNDMAN'S POLITICS AT ?AT TIME4 ,HE WAS OPPOS$ TO ,HOME ,RULE = ,IREL& & L& NATIONALIZATION4 ,ON COMPLETE ADULT SUFFRAGE HE SAID1 0',DO Y\ MEAN TO TELL ME ?AT A LOAF] 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D WAS TO BE PLAC$ 9 EQUALITY ) Y\1 NO ! FUR!/ ,I W\LD GO IS ?AT EV]Y MAN :O CAN READ & WRITE IS TO HAVE A VOTE4' ,HE WAS ON EV]Y PO9T A ,TORY ,DEMOCRAT40 ,HE 9VIT$ ,LANE TO HIS H\SE & ASK$ = SUPPORT = HIS C&IDACY FROM ,LANE'S CLUB4 ,LANE WAS HI<LY DUBI\S4 ,HYNDMAN WANT$ ,LANE TO COME ON FUR!R VISITS TO KEEP SOME K9D ( DIALOGUE GO+1 A PROPOSAL ,LANE F\ND A COMPLETE WA/E ( TIME4 ,HYNDMAN WAS PRESS+1 H[EV]1 & ,$W9 ,DUNN1 ! SECRET>Y ( ! CLUB1 BECAME A REGUL> VISITOR 9 ,LANE'S PLACE4 ,AS A RESULT ( !SE MEET+S !Y APPROA*$ ,LANE ) ! IDEA ( 0=M+ AN ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY0 & ASK$ ,LANE TO CALL A MEET+ ( DELEGATES FROM ALL ! WORKM5'S CLUBS4 ,LANE SEEMS TO ?9K ?AT ,HYNDMAN WAS ! PRIME MOV] H]E :ILE ,KITZ SAYS IT WAS ,DUNN'S PROPOSAL4 ,MEET+S W]E CALL$ TO DISCUSS ! MATT] AT ! ,ROSE ,/REET ,CLUB & ELSE:]E4 ,AS A RESULT ( !SE MEET+S ,DUNN S5T \T 9VITATIONS AS SECRET>Y ( ! ,M>YLEBONE ,RADICAL ,ASSOCIATION TO 9AUGURATE AN 9DEP5D5T LABOR ORGANIZATION AT A MEET+ AT ! ,WE/M9/] ,PALACE ,HOTEL 9 ,JUNE #a#h#h#a4 

,PR(ESSOR ,BEESLY1 ! POSITIVI/ DEF5D] ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 TOOK ! *AIR AT ! MEET+ :I* 9CLUD$ SOME ( ! MORE LIB]AL POLITICIANS1 DELEGATES FROM ! CLUBS1 ! ODD ,TORY ,DEMOCRAT & SOME ( ! NEW SOCIALI/ MILITANTS -- 0ALL SORTS & CONDITIONS ( M50 9 ,KITZ'S PHRASE4 ,LANE WAS ONE ( ! SOCIALI/S & HE SAYS1 0WE DROVE !M AS F> AS WE C\LD & SET !M UP ) ! MO/ ADVANC$ PROGRAM WE C\LD =CE ON !M4 ,ONE :OM WE HAD TO FI<T ON ALL ! MO/ ADVANC$ PO9TS WAS ,H4,M4 ,HYNDMAN 444 ,AFT] A H>D /RUGGLE IT WAS TO BE .<CALL$ !.> ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION ) ADULT SUFFRAGE1 ,HOME ,RULE1 ETC 4440 ,LANE !N )DREW FROM ! ORGANIZATION4 ,DUNN REMA9$ BUT ,KITZ SAYS ?AT ,HYNDMAN 0SOON 5GAG$ 9 A CONFLICT ) ,DUNN = ! LEAD]%IP1 & EVICT$ HIM 4440 ,!RE IS LITTLE D\BT ?AT IT WAS ,HYNDMAN'S 9T5TION TO USE ?IS ORGANIZATION AS A BASE = FUR!R ATTEMPTS AT ELECTION1 :E!R BY HIMSELF OR O!RS4 ,A FAI?FUL FOLL[] WAS TO WRITE LAT] ?AT ,HYNDMAN />T$ ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION \T ( 0DISGU/ AT ,GLAD/ONE & ! ,LIB]ALS1 BY G5U9E SYMPA?Y ) REAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS AS AGA9/ P>TY POLITICS & BY HIS [N IMPULSIV5ESS ( ACTION 444 & NOT BY ANY FIX$ IDEA ( FUTURE DEF9ITE ,SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A & ORGANIZATION40.<#c#g.> ,HYNDMAN'S ,TORY C&IDATURE 9 #ahh IS SIMIL>LY DESCRIB$ AS 'IMPULSIVE'4 ,HIS ORGANIZATION WAS TO BE IMPULSIVE AGA9 9 ! ELECTIONS ( #a#h#h#e1 US+ ,TORY MONEY EV5 IF IT DID NOT /& ON A ,TORY PLAT=M4 

,!RE IS NO D\BT1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,HYNDMAN'S IDEAS 7IF NOT HIS AMBITIONS7 W]E 9 FLUX AT ! TIME4 ,IT IS PROBABLE ?AT HIS CONTACT ) ! WORLD ( ! WORK+-CLASS ,RADICALS HAD 5C\RAG$ NEW ?9K+4 ,! '(FICIAL' HI/ORY ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 SAYS ?AT AFT] ! #ahh ELECTION HIS VIEWS ON ,IREL& *ANG$ & HE OPPOS$ CO]CION4.<#c#h.> ,BY ,APRIL #ahha ,HYNDMAN & HIS WIFE W]E VISIT+ ,M>X1 :O ?\<T HIM 'SELF-SATISFI$' & 'G>RUL\S'4.<#c#i.> ,BY ! TIME ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION F\ND+ CONF]5CE 9 ,JUNE1 ,HYNDMAN HAD WRITT5 A LITTLE BOOK 5TITL$ ,5GL& = ,ALL1 :I* HE DI/RIBUT$ !RE4 ,( ?IS ,M>X WROTE3 0,! *APT]S ON ,LABOR & ,CAPITAL >E ONLY LIT]AL EXTRACTS FROM1 OR CIRCUMLOCUTIONS (1 ! ,CAPITAL1 BUT ! FELL[ DOES NEI!R QUOTE ! BOOK1 NOR ! AU?OR1 BUT TO %IELD HIMSELF FROM EXPOSURE REM>KS AT ! 5D ( HIS PREFACE3 ',= ! IDEAS 444 9 ,*APT]S ,I,I & ,I,I,I ,I AM 9DEBT$ TO ! WORK ( A GREAT ?9K] & ORIG9AL WRIT]1 ETC4 ETC4' ,VIS-A-VIS MYSELF ! FELL[ WROTE /UPID LETT]S ( EXCUSE1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT '! ,5GLI% DON'T LIKE TO BE TAU<T BY =EIGN]S'1 ?AT MY 'NAME WAS SO MU* DETE/$1 ETC4'0 ,= ALL ?AT1 ,M>X ?\<T IT W\LD MAKE GOOD PROPAG&A 0SO F> AS IT PILF]S ! ,CAPITAL10 BUT ! 9CID5T WAS 5\< TO CAUSE A COMPLETE BREA* BETWE5 ,HYNDMAN ON ! ONE SIDE & ,M>X & ,5GELS ON ! O!R4 ,M>X FELT US$3 0,ALL !SE AMIABLE MIDDLE-CLASS WRIT]S 444 HAVE AN IT*+ TO MAKE MONEY OR NAME OR POLITICAL CAPITAL IMM$IATELY \T ( ANY NEW ?\<TS !Y MAY HAVE GOT AT BY ANY FAVORABLE W9DFALL4 ,MANY EV5+S ?IS FELL[ HAS PILF]$ FROM ME1 9 ORD] TO TAKE ME \T & TO LE>N 9 ! EASIE/ WAY40.<#d.> ,:ATEV] ,HYNDMAN HAD LE>N$ FROM ,M>X HIS J+OISM & HIS IMP]IALI/ IDEAS HAD NOT *ANG$ -- !Y W]E TO /AY & PLAGUE ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T = ! RE/ ( HIS LIFE4 

,= ! LIB]T>IANS LIKE ,KITZ & ,LANE ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION HELD LITTLE *>M1 & !Y CONT9U$ ) !IR [N WORK 9 MORE CONG5IAL SURR\ND+S4 ,AS F> AS ,LANE WAS CONC]N$1 AFT] ! F\ND+ CONF]5CE 0444WE LEFT !M TO GET ON ) IT4 ,!Y W5T TO SLEEP 444 DO+ PRACTICALLY NO?+40 ,! SOCIALI/S 9 ! ,F$]ATION1 AS F> AS ,KITZ WAS CONC]N$1 0W]E WA/+ !IR TIME COMBAT+ ! OPPORTUNISM & J+OISM ( !IR %IFTY LEAD]40 ,YET ! ,F$]ATION W5T ?R\< A DEVELOPM5T ( ITS [N :I* ! SUSPICIONS ( ,KITZ & ,LANE DID NOT ALL[ !M TO SEE4 ,HYNDMAN DID HAVE A REAL *ANGE ( HE>T4 ,HE DID *ANGE HIS VIEWS ON ,IREL&1 & ! ',M>XISM' ( ,5GL& = ,ALL DID LOSE HIM SUPPORT FROM ! MORE RESPECTABLE ,RADICALS AFT] ! CONF]5CE 9 #a#h#h#a4 ,HE CONT9U$ TO DEVELOP IDEAS BAS$ ON A ME*ANI/IC & ',BRITI%' 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>X'S WRIT+S4 ,AFT] A S]IES ( MEET+S TO DISCUSS '/EPP+ /ONE' MEASURES -- IMM$IATE RE=MS 9 H\S+1 L& & RAILWAY NATIONALIZATION1 $UCATION1 ETC41 :I* W]E TO PAVE ! WAY = A TOTALLY RECON/ITUT$ SOCIETY -- HE PRODUC$ ,SOCIALISM ,MADE ,PLA9 9 #a#h#h#c4 ,?IS WAS ADOPT$ AT ! ,F$]ATION'S ANNUAL CONF]5CE ?AT YE> -- 0! FIR/ DEF9ITELY ,SOCIALI/ PRON\NCEM5T ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION40 ,?IS1 AS IT SPECIFICALLY D5\NC$ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS AS A CLASS1 L$ TO ! LOSS ( ALL ?OSE MEMB]S ( ! ,F$]ATION :O W]E NOT EI!R SOCIALI/S OR NE>-SOCIALI/S4.<#d#a.> 

,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION HAD BEGUN TO =M SOME SORT ( ORGANIC :OLE & TO PULL TOGE!R A NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 P>TICUL>LY 9TELLECTUALS1 & ! EMPHASIS ( ! ORGANIZATION HAD SL[LY %IFT$ FROM AN ATTEMPT$ 9DEP5D5T F$]ATION ( ,RADICAL CLUBS T[>DS A MORE SPECIFIC SOCIALI/ GR\P+4 ,?\<1 AGA91 IT IS DIFFICULT TO SAY H[ F> ,HYNDMAN L$ ?IS PROCESS OR H[ F> HE WAS PU%$ 9TO IT4 ,ONE WITNESS SAYS ?AT ,*>LES & ,JAMES ,MURRAY W]E MAK+ ! PACE TOO FA/ = ,HYNDMAN'S TA/E4.<#d#b.> ,= ALL ?IS IT %\LD BE /RESS$ ?AT ,HYNDMAN WAS1 )\T D\BT1 ! DOM9ANT P]SONALITY 9 ! ,F$]ATION1 IT BE+ QUITE PSY*OLOGICALLY CONSI/5T ?AT SOMEONE %\LD HAVE BO? A =CEFUL *>ACT] & IMPRECISE IDEAS4 ,& 9 ?IS LATT] RESPECT HIS UND]/&+ ( ,M>X1 ONE-DIM5SIONAL ?\< IT MI<T HAVE BE51 WAS 9 ADVANCE ( ?AT ( MO/ ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES4 

,! EXECUTIVE ELECT$ AT ! CONF]5CE ( #ahhc 9CLUD$ ,&REAS ,S*EU & ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS4 ,MORRIS HAD BE5 9VIT$ TO JO9 ! ,F$]ATION BY ,HYNDMAN & HAD DONE SO 9 ,JANU>Y #a#h#h#c4 ,HE HAD BECOME DISGU/$ ) ! ,LIB]AL POLITICIANS & !IR MOD]ATE TRADES UNION ASSOCIATES DUR+ HIS 9VOLVEM5T ) ! ,EA/]N ,QUE/ION AGITATION & HAD DECL>$ HIS 9T5TION ( JO9+ AN AV[$LY SOCIALI/ BODY4 ,HIS FAME AS A POET1 DESIGN] & MANUFACTUR] GAVE A CONSID]ABLE BOO/ TO ! ,F$]ATION4 ,HIS DEVELOP+ COMMITM5T TO ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM & HIS OPPOSITION TO ,HYNDMAN'S POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM & DOM9E]+ ATTITUDES W]E TO HELP TO SPLIT IT4 ,&REAS ,S*EU WAS AN ALREADY COMMITT$ ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN SOCIALI/4 ,HE WAS AN ,AU/RIAN POLITICAL EXILE :O >RIV$ 9 ,5GL& 9 #ahgd & HAD PLAY$ SOME P>T 9 ! POLITICS ( ! ,G]MAN EXILES 9 ,LONDON4 ,BY #ahh HE WAS A MEMB] ( ! GR\P R\ND ,MO/ :O W]E DEEPLY 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*I/ IDEAS4.<#d#c.> ,HE CAME TO KN[ ,MO/ QUITE WELL & GREW TO DI/RU/ :AT HE SAW AS ,MO/'S SLAP-HAPPY WAYS ) CONFID5TIAL DOCUM5TS & 9=MATION & HIS 9SI/5CE ON LEAV+ ! ,FREIHEIT (FICE DOOR UNLOCK$4.<#d#d.> ,HE BEGAN TO GR[ IRRITAT$ ) HIS FELL[ ,G]MANS3 0,! POLITICAL ACTIVITY ( MY C\NTRY-M5 BECAME MORE & MORE LIMIT$ TO EI!R PLAY+ BILLI>DS OR C>DS 444 9 ! ROOMS AT ,TOTT5HAM /REET10 7! SOCIAL DEMOCRAT_/',M>XI/' SECTION71 0OR TO PASS+ BLOOD?IR/Y RESOLUTIONS AT ! ,AN>*I/ ,CLUB UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( TRI$ AG5TS PROVOCATEURS2 SO ,I TURN$ MY GAZE UPON ! PURELY ,5GLI% WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T :I* PROMIS$ TO MOVE 9TO A NEW PHASE ( ACTIVITY4 ,I BEGAN TO VISIT !IR MEET+S40.<#d#e.> 

,BECOM+ 9VOLV$ ) ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION1 ,S*EU SEEMS TO HAVE QUICKLY DEVELOP$ A V]Y /RA9$ RELATION%IP ) ,HYNDMAN1 :I* COMP\ND$ DISPUTES OV] POLITICAL TACTICS ) ,S*EU'S S5SITIVITY TO ,HYNDMAN'S *AUV9ISM4 ,MORRIS'S MEMB]%IP ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION WAS TO BR+ HIM 9TO CONTACT ) MANY SOCIALI/S RANG+ FROM OLD ,[5ITES & ,*>TI/S TO ?OSE :O HELD MORE 'MOD]N' POSITIONS4 ,AMONG !M ALL1 ACCORD+ TO ,E4,P4 ,?OMPSON1 0,&REAS ,S*EU 444 FROM #ahhc TO #ahhe WAS ONE ( ,MORRIS'S CLOSE/ COLLEAGUES40.<#d#f.> 

,WILLIAM ,MORRIS WAS TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 SUBSEQU5T EV5TS & HIS P>TICUL> BR& ( SOCIALISM WAS TO HAVE GREAT 9FLU5CE ON ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS ?US WELL WOR? EXAM9+ ! ROOTS ( HIS IDEAS4 ,!RE HAS BE5 SOME?+ ( A G5TEEL /RUGGLE OV] ! POLITICAL REMA9S ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE CLAIM$ HIM AS AN AN>*I/1 ,M>XI/S AS A ,M>XI/4 ,9 A V]Y REAL S5SE ! APPROA* ?AT ,MORRIS TOOK TO SOCIALISM IS DIM9I%$ BY SU* A DISPUTE2 IT IS C]TA9LY A BL9K]$ WAY TO READ HIM4 ,MORRIS WAS A P[]FUL & ORIG9AL ?9K]4 ,5GELS DESCRIB$ HIM AS 0AN EMOTIONAL SOCIALI/0.<#d#g.> :I* AP>T FROM ! IMPLICATION ?AT ONLY WALK+ CALCULAT+ MA*9ES >E FIT TO BE SOCIALI/S1 & DESPITE ! SNE] ?AT ,5GELS 9T5D$1 GRASPS ! ESS5TIAL ELEM5T 9 ,MORRIS'S ?\<T4 ,= ,MORRIS G5]ALIZ$ HIS EXP]I5CE ( EV]YDAY LIFE & ! RESULT WAS SOCIALISM EXPRESS$ ) GREAT SIMPLICITY1 /R5G? & EMOTIONAL CONVICTION4 ,HE HAD WORK$ TO PRODUCE BEAUTIFUL ?+S 9 A WORLD :I* MOCK$ HIS EF=TS BY ITS 9DIFF]5T UGL9ESS4 ,HE WAS /EEP$ 9 ! CRAFTS & SKILLS :I* HAD EXI/$ 9 A WORLD :]E CASUAL BEAUTY HAD BE5 A P>T ( ALL WORK -- NO MATT] H[ H>D & BRUTAL ?AT WORLD HAD BE54 ,= ! WORLD REMA9$ H>D & BRUTAL1 BUT IT HAD *ANG$ WORK & 0DE/ROY$ >T1 ! ONE C]TA9 SOLACE ( LABOR4 444 ,ALL ?IS ,I FELT !N AS N[1 BUT ,I DID NOT KN[ :Y IT WAS SO40.<#d#h.> ,HE WROTE LAT]3 

,! HOPE ( ! PA/ TIMES WAS GONE1 ! /RUGGLES ( MANK9D = MANY AGES HAD PRODUC$ NO?+ BUT ?IS SORDID1 AIMLESS1 UGLY CONFUSION2 ! IMM$IATE FUTURE SEEM$ TO ME LIKELY TO 9T5SIFY ALL ! PRES5T EVILS1 BY SWEEP+ AWAY ! LA/ SURVIVALS ( ! DAYS BE=E ! DULL SQUALOR ( CIVILIZATION HAD SETTL$ D[N ON ! WORLD4 444 ,?9K ( IT6 ,WAS IT ALL TO 5D 9 A C\NT+-H\SE ON ! TOP ( A C9D] HEAP4 444 ,BUT ! CONSCI\SNESS ( REVOLUTION /IRR+ AMONG \R HATEFUL MOD]N SOCIETY PREV5T$ ME1 LUCKI] ?AN MANY O!RS ( >TI/IC P]CEPTIONS1 FROM CRY/ALLIZ+ 9TO A M]E RAIL] AGA9/ 'PROGRESS' ON ! ONE H&1 & ON ! O!R FROM WA/+ TIME & 5]GY 9 ANY ( ! NUM]\S S*EMES BY :I* ! QUASI->TI/IC ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES HOPE TO MAKE >T GR[ :]E IT HAS NO LONG] ANY ROOT1 & ?US ,I BECAME A PRACTICAL ,SOCIALI/4 

,! REAL & G5]AL UGL9ESS ( ! SOCIETY >\ND HIM L$ HIM TO TRY & F9D REAL & G5]AL SOLUTIONS4 ,HE HAD A P]SONAL NE$ = A SOCIETY )9 :I* HIS WORK W\LD BE MEAN+FUL & DESCRIB$ IT3 0A CONDITION ( SOCIETY 9 :I* !RE %\LD BE NEI!R RI* NOR POOR1 NEI!R MA/] NOR MA/]'S MAN1 NEI!R IDLE NOR OV]WORK$1 NEI!R BRA9-SICK BRA9 WORK]S1 NOR HE>TSICK H& WORK]S1 9 A WORD1 9 :I* ALL M5 W\LD BE LIV+ 9 EQUALITY ( CONDITION & W\LD MANAGE !IR AFFAIRS UN-WA/EFULLY & ) A FULL CONSCI\SNESS ?AT H>M TO ONE W\LD MEAN H>M TO ALL -- ! REALIZATION AT LA/ ( ! MEAN+ ( ! WORD COMMONWEAL?40 

,) AN EQUAL SIMPLICITY HE DESCRIBES ! PROCESS ( BECOM+ A 'PRACTICAL SOCIALI/'3 

,N[ ?IS VIEW ( ,SOCIALISM1 :I* ,I HOLD TODAY1 & HOPE TO DIE HOLD+1 IS :AT ,I BEGAN )2 ,I HAD NO TRANSITIONAL P]IOD1 UNLESS Y\ MAY CALL SU* A BRIEF P]IOD ( POLITICAL RADICALISM DUR+ :I* ,I SAW MY IDEAL CLE> 5\<1 BUT HAD NO HOPE ( ANY REALIZATION ( IT4 ,?AT CAME TO AN 5D SOME MON?S BE=E ,I JO9$ ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION1 & ! MEAN+ ( MY JO9+ ?AT BODY WAS ?AT ,I HAD CONCEIV$ A HOPE ( ! REALIZATION ( MY IDEAL4 444 ,WELL1 HAV+ JO9$ A ,SOCIALI/ BODY 444 ,I PUT SOME CONSCI5CE 9TO TRY+ TO LE>N ! ECONOMICAL SIDE ( ,SOCIALISM & EV5 TACKL$ ,M>X1 ?\< ,I MU/ CONFESS ?AT :]EAS ,I ?OR\<LY 5JOY$ ! HI/ORICAL P>T ( ,CAPITAL1 ,I SUFF]$ AGONIES ( CONFUSION ( ! BRA9 OV] READ+ ! PURE ECONOMICS ( ?AT GREAT WORK4 ,ANYWAY ,I READ :AT ,I C\LD1 & WILL HOPE ?AT SOME 9=MATION /UCK TO ME FROM MY READ+2 BUT MORE ,I MU/ ?9K1 FROM CONT9U\S CONV]SATION ) SU* FRI5DS AS ,BAX & ,HYNDMAN & ,S*EU1 & ! BRISK C\RSE ( PROPAG&A MEET+S :I* W]E GO+ ON AT ! TIME1 & 9 :I* ,I TOOK MY %>E4 

,HE WAS AT O!R TIMES TO BE MORE DISMISSIVE ( ,M>XI/ ECONOMICS3 0,I HAVE TRI$ TO UND]/& ,M>X'S !ORY BUT POLITICAL ECONOMY IS NOT 9 MY L9E & MU* ( IT APPE>S TO ME TO BE DRE>Y RUBBI%4 ,BUT ,I AM1 ,I HOPE1 A ,SOCIALI/ NONE ! LESS4 ,IT IS 5\< POLITICAL ECONOMY = ME TO KN[ ?AT ! IDLE CLASS IS RI*1 & ! WORK+ CLASS IS POOR4 ,?AT ,I KN[ BECAUSE ,I SEE IT ) MY [N EYES4 ,I NE$ READ NO BOOKS TO CONV9CE ME ( IT4 ,& IT DOES NOT MATT] A RAP1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 :E!R ! ROBB]Y IS ACCOMPLI%$ BY :AT IS T]M$ SURPLUS VALUE OR BY MEANS ( S]FAGE OR OP5 BRIG&AGE40.<#d#i.> ,?IS IS NOT QUOT$ TO SCORE PO9TS AGA9/ ,M>X OR ,M>XI/S BUT RA!R TO EMPHASIZE ! BASIS ( ,MORRIS'S SOCIALISM 9 EXP]I5CE4 ,?IS HE %>$ ) ! WORK+-CLASS MILITANTS LIKE ,LANE & ,KITZ :O W]E LAT] TO BECOME HIS COLLEAGUES 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,SOCIALISM = !SE LATT] MILITANTS GREW \T ( ! EXP]I5CE ( POV]TY & EXPLOITATION4 ,= ,MORRIS IT GREW \T ( A LIFE WORK MADE MEAN+LESS 9 ! FACE ( ! WORLD4 ,HE WAS MIDDLE-CLASS & COM=TABLY (F1 :I* PRODUC$ ! SYMPTOMS ( GUILT SO (T5 F\ND 9 MIDDLE-CLASS SOCIALI/S4 ,BUT AT CORE HIS SOCIALISM WAS NOT AN ACQUIR$ BELIEF AT ODDS ) HIS LIFE BUT A G5]ALIZATION FROM EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,9 ,HYNDMAN & ,BAX WE CAN SEE ! SIGNS ( EXP]TIZE TREAT$ AS AN 9DICATION ( P]SONAL WOR?4 ,!Y W]E PR(ESSIONAL SOCIALI/S 9 ! S5SE ?AT A LAWY] OR ACC\NTANT IS PR(ESSIONAL4 ,9 ,MORRIS ?IS WAS NOT ! CASE1 HIS SOCIALISM REPRES5TS A GR[? ( SELF & AN URG5T P]SONAL NE$ = ! RE9TEGRATION ( MAN & ! WORLD & ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( A DISA/R\SLY FRAGM5T$ SOCIETY4 

,WILLIAM ,MORRIS TOOK A FULL P>T 9 ! PROPAG&A WORK CONNECT$ ) ! ,F$]ATION4 ,HIS SUBJECT MATT] 9 ?IS E>LY P]IOD WAS ALWAYS CONNECT$ ) ! MAJOR REASON = HIS CONV]SION TO SOCIALISM1 ! IMM5SE DIFFICULTY OR EV5 IMPOSSIBILITY ( RECONCIL+ >T ) CAPITALISM4 ,9 V>I\S =MS HE SPELL$ \T HIS MESSAGE TO DEBAT+ SOCIETIES1 TO ,RADICAL CLUBS1 TO LIT]>Y & PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETIES & TO LITTLE GR\PS ( SOCIALI/S4 ,HE ALSO BEGAN TO SPEAK AT ! OP5-AIR MEET+S :I* ! ,F$]ATION />T$ 9 #a#h#h#c1 FOLL[+ ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,LABOR ,EMANCIPATION ,LEAGUE4 ,NO ONE C\LD CLAIM ?AT ! MESSAGE HE PREA*$ SET ,5GL& AFLAME 9 #ahhc & #a#h#h#d2 BUT IT IS EVID5T ?AT ,MORRIS1 ?\< AT TIMES DISC\RAG$1 US$ ?IS TIME TO WORK \T ! IMPLICATIONS ( HIS SOCIALISM4 ,MEAN:ILE ! ,F$]ATION MADE ADVANCES4 ,9 E>LY #ahhd ,MORRIS & ,HYNDMAN W5T TO ,BLACKBURN 7:]E ,MAC,DONALD & ,WILLIAMS HAD BE5 S5T AS AGITATORS7 TO ADDRESS #a1#e /RIK]S 9 ! COTTON 9DU/RY4 ,! MEET+ WAS A GREAT SUCCESS & A BRAN* ( ! ,F$]ATION WAS SET UP ) #a MEMB]S4 ,9 ,APRIL #ahhc ,HYNDMAN DEBAT$ ON SOCIALISM ) ,BRADLAU< AT A L>GE PUBLIC MEET+ -- ,BRADLAU< OPPOS+4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ! SECUL> SOCIETIES W]E V]Y OP5 TO NEW IDEAS4 ,! PUBLICITY ATT5DANT ON ?IS DEBATE WAS CONSID]ABLE & C]TA9LY />T$ A NUMB] ( SECUL>I/S ON ! ROAD TO SOCIALISM4.<#e.> ,JU/ICE1 ! PAP] ( ! ,F$]ATION1 />T$ PUBLICATION 9 ,JANU>Y #ahhd & FUR!R 9CREAS$ ! OP5-AIR PROPAG&A EF=T1 S9CE ITS DI/RIBUTION 0HAD MA9LY TO RELY ON SALES AT MEET+S40.<#e#a.> ,BUT AS ! PROPAG&A BEGAN TO MOVE AHEAD1 DISS5SIONS APPE>$ )9 ! ,F$]ATION NOT ON G5]AL PR9CIPLES OR ON ! ANALYSIS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BUT ON ! MEANS TO BE US$ TO OV]?R[ IT4 

,AT ! MEET+ HELD TO ANN\NCE ! F\ND+ ( ,JU/ICE !RE WAS AN OP5 CLA% ON ! QUE/ION ( P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATION4 ,JAMES ,MURRAY MOV$ A RESOLUTION \TL9+ A 'SOCIALISM VIA P>LIAM5T' PROGRAM4 ,TO ?IS AN AM5DM5T WAS PUT URG+ ?AT ! 0TIME = PALAV] HAS PASS$ BY10 ! WORK+ CLASS C\LD NOT RELY ON ,P>LIAM5T TO BETT] !IR CONDITION & 0ALL MEANS W]E JU/IFIABLE TO ATTA9 ! 5D 9 VIEW40 ,MORRIS SEEMS TO HAVE TAK5 A FAIRLY PROM95T P>T 9 ?IS DISCUSSION ACCORD+ TO HIS [N ACC\NT -- ON ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y SIDE4 ,! DEBATE 0WAS ?R\<\T 5]GETIC & AT TIMES HEAT$40 ,&REAS ,S*EU1 HOLD+ ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN VIEWS1 CLA%$ NOISILY ) ,*>LES ,V>5HOLTZ1 A SUPPORT] ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 ,! :OLE ISSUE DID NOT COME TO A VOTE1 & ! *AIRMAN MANAG$ TO PAP] OV] ! CRACKS4.<#e#b.> ,IT C]TA9LY %[$1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! QUE/ION WAS ALREADY BE+ DISCUSS$ 9 ! ,F$]ATION E>LY 9 ITS EXI/5CE & CLE>LY =E%AD[$ ! LAT] SPLIT4 

,9 FACT ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION HAD SIGN$ A ',MANIFE/O TO ! ,WORK+ ,M5 ( ! ,WORLD' :I* WAS ISSU$ BY ELEV5 GR\P+S 9 ,LONDON1 BO? NATIVE & =EIGN1 9 #a#h#h#c4 ,SOME ( ! SIGNATORIES W]E AN>*I/S1 & !IR 9FLU5CE %[S 9 SU* PHRASES AS3 0,GOV]NM5TS1 NO MATT] ( :AT P>TY1 >E BUT ! 9/RUM5TS ( .<RUL+.> CLASSES & UND] DIFF]5T DISGUISES ( JUDGES & POLICE1 PRIE/S OR HANGM51 USE !IR /R5G? & 5]GIES TO SUPPORT ! MONOPOLIES & PRIVILEGES ( ! EXPLOIT]S 4440 ,& AGA93 0,EXP]I5CE DISP]SES ILLUSIONS ( ?OSE :O HAVE BELIEV$ 9 ,GOV]NM5TS & ,LAWS40.<#e#c.> ,ANTI-POLITICAL S5TIM5TS W]E CLE>LY QUITE WIDESPREAD 9 ! MOVEM5T4 

,BUT ! DISPUTE OV] /RATEGY WAS MADE MORE DIFFICULT BY 9T]P]SONAL DIFFICULTIES1 :I* W]E EXAC]BAT$ RA!R ?AN DIM9I%$ AS ! ORGANIZATION GREW4 ,AS ,MORRIS WROTE LAT]3 0,:5 ,I FIR/ KNEW ( ! ,F$4 IT REALLY ALMO/ CONSI/$ ( ,MR ,H4 & A FEW AG5TS ( HIS WORK+ UND] HIS DIRECTION3 BUT !N 9DEP5D5T M5 CAME 9TO IT :O WORK$ V]Y HE>TILY 9 ! CAUSE & :O C\LD NOT SUBMIT TO BE UND] HIS DESPOTISM40.<#e#d.> ,S*EU1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SE51 TOGE!R ) ,BEL=T ,BAX & A Y\NG DISCIPLE ( ,S*EU'S1 ,ROB]T ,BANN]1 W]E P>TICUL>LY IRK$ BY ,HYNDMAN'S AU?ORIT>IANISM4 

,9 ! LATE SPR+ & SUMM] ( #ahhd ,S*EU WAS URG+ ,MORRIS TO MAKE A BID = ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,F$]ATION AGA9/ ,HYNDMAN OR TO ATTEMPT TO SPLIT ! ORGANIZATION4 ,MORRIS WAS AT FIR/ RELUCTANT & MORE 9CL9$ TO TRY & PAT* ?+S UP1 BUT AS ! ,AUGU/ ANNUAL CONF]5CE APPROA*$ HIS ATTITUDE BEGAN TO *ANGE4 ,HE WROTE TO ,S*EU 9 ,JULY3 0444IF ,I HAVE ANY 9FLU5CE AMONG \R P>TY 444 IT IS BECAUSE ,I AM SUPPOS$ TO BE /RAI<T & NOT AMBITI\S 444 & FEEL SURE ?AT ANY APPE>ANCE ( PU%+ MYSELF =W>D W\LD 9JURE MY 9FLU5CE1 SU* AS IT IS1 V]Y MU*2 !RE=E ,I WILL NOT SEC$E = ANY MATT] ( M]E TACTICS 444 BUT IF ,I F9D MYSELF OPPOS$ ON A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE 444 ,I WILL SEC$E IF ,I AM DRIV5 TO IT40 ,HE FELT 9CAPABLE ( LEAD+ SU* A SPLIT ?\< HE PROMIS$ SUPPORT = ANY SU* MOVE ON ! GR\NDS GIV5 & FUR!R PROMIS$ 0/EADILY TO OPPOSE ALL J+O BUS9ESS40 ,HE WAS WORRI$ S9CE HE HAD NOT 0GOT HOLD0 .<SIC.> ( ! 0/R+S ?AT TIE US TO ! WORK+ CLASS MEMB]S2 NOR HAVE ,I READ AS ,I %\LD HAVE4 ,ALSO MY HABITS >E QUIET & /UDI\S & IF ,I AM TOO MU* WORRI$ BY 'POLITICS'1 I4E4 9TRIGUE1 ,I %ALL BE NO USE TO ! CAUSE AS A WRIT] 4440 ,BUT HE F9I%$ FIRMLY3 0,IF ,I AM PU%$ 9TO A POSITION ( MORE IMPORTANCE1 ,I WILL NOT REFUSE IT FROM M]E LAZ9ESS OR S(TNESS40.<#e#e.> ,?IS DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE BE5 WRITT5 9 ! CONTEXT ( A G5]AL REVOLT AGA9/ ,HYNDMAN1 H[EV]1 S9CE HE TALKS ( SECESSION 9 ! CONTEXT ( JO9+ 0ANY M5 IF !Y BE ONLY TWO OR ?REE1 OR ONLY Y\RSELF TO PU% ! REAL CAUSE40 ,BUT A MAJORITY = ,S*EU & ,MORRIS'S POSITION WAS TO COME FROM A RA!R UNEXPECT$ QU>T] -- ! ,LABOR ,EMANCIPATION ,LEAGUE4 

,AS WE HAVE SE51 AFT] ATT5D+ ! F\ND+ CONF]5CE ( ! ,F$]ATION1 ,LANE & HIS COMRADES HAD GONE BACK TO ! ,EA/ ,5D TO C>RY ON ) !IR [N *OS5 POLITICAL WORK4 ,LANE HAD NO HI< OP9ION ( ! ,F$]ATION1 & !RE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 SOME ELEM5T ( DISMISSIV5ESS 9 ! ,F$]ATION'S ATTITUDE TO ! ,LEAGUE4 ,LANE SAID3 0,!Y W]E V]Y JEAL\S ( US BUT AT ! SAME TIME CALL$ US AN>*I/4 ,& :Y8 ,JU/ BECAUSE WE *>G$ NO 5TRANCE FEE & NO MON?LY CONTRIBUTIONS BUT C>RI$ \T ! DOCTR9E 'FROM EV]YBODY ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITY'4 ,& ! POOR] !Y W]E ! MORE WE WANT$ !M TO JO91 NOT TO KEEP !M \T BECAUSE ( !IR POV]TY40.<#e#f.> ,!RE HAD BE5 SOME CONTACT1 H[EV]1 S9CE ,HYNDMAN & ONE OR TWO O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,F$]ATION OCCASIONALLY VISIT$ ! ,LEAGUE SPEAK+ PIT* ON ,MILE ,5D ,WA/E4 

,AS ! ,AUGU/ #ahhd CONF]5CE ( ! ,F$]ATION DREW NE>]1 ,HYNDMAN AGA9 APPROA*$ ,LANE & ASK$ HIM TO ATT5D4 ,LANE SAID ?AT !Y HAD !IR [N WORK TO DO4 ,HYNDMAN 0SAID HE ?\<T WE \<T TO BECAUSE !IR C\NTRY BRAN*ES W\LD SURE TO BE REACTION>Y40 ,LANE !N PROPOS$ TO S5D A DELEGATE1 BUT ,HYNDMAN REPLI$1 0,OH1 ONE IS NO USE1 Y\ \<T TO S5D TWO OR ?REE FROM EA* BRAN*40 ,AFT] SOME DISCUSSION ,LANE F9ALLY AGRE$ & ELECTIONS W]E HELD TO S5D 0?REE FROM EA* BRAN* BUT NO >RANGEM5TS OR A WORD SAID AS TO :AT !Y W]E TO DO :5 !Y GOT !RE40 ,HYNDMAN'S MOTIVES 9 9VIT+ ! ,LEAGUE CAN BE GUESS$ AT4 

,CONFID5T AS TO HIS DOM9AT+ POSITION 9 ! ,F$]ATION1 HE WAS CONC]N$ TO PU% =W>D ?OSE C\NTRY BRAN*ES ?AT REMA9$ FUNDAM5TALLY ,RADICAL RA!R ?AN SOCIALI/4 ,HE HAD SE5 ! =CEFUL ,JOE ,LANE 9 ACTION BE=E & HE HAD ALSO SE5 HIM )DRAW FROM ! FRAY ONCE AN ORGANIZATION WAS SADDL$ ) 0! MO/ ADVANC$ PROGRAM .<,LANE.> C\LD =CE ON !M40 ,IT W\LD ALSO SEEM ?AT AS ! OPPOSITION TO ,HYNDMAN C5T]$ ON ,MORRIS1 ,BAX & ,S*EU -- ALL MIDDLE-CLASS M5 :O HAD 0NOT GOT HOLD ( ! /R+S0 CONNECT+ ! WORK+-CLASS MEMB]S -- & AS ,HYNDMAN'S ATTITUDE TO WORK+-CLASS MILITANTS WAS PATRONIZ+ & RA!R DISMISSIVE1 HE HAD NOT CONSID]$ ! POSSIBILITY ( ,LANE & ! ,LEAGUE HAV+ A M9D DIFF]5T FROM HIS [N4 ,MORE P>TICUL>LY1 HE OBVI\SLY DID NOT CONSID] ! POSSIBILITY ( ! ,LEAGUE COOP]AT+ ) HIS OPPON5TS4 ,?IS WAS A CONSID]ABLE MISCALCULATION4 

,?REE OR F\R DAYS BE=E ! CONF]5CE ,LANE WAS 9VIT$ TO A MEET+ AT ,MORRIS'S H\SE TO DISCUSS ! =?COM+ EV5T4 ,LANE TOOK LITTLE P>T 9 ! DISCUSSION4 ,H[EV]1 BY ! TIME ! DISCUSSION BROKE UP ! LA/ TRA9 HAD GONE & ,LANE /AY$ ! NI<T4 ,! NEXT DAY ,S*EU >RIV$ AS A DELEGATE FROM ,$9BUR<4 ,S*EU ASK$ ,LANE AB\T ! BUS9ESS >RANGEM5TS = ! CONF]5CE & = ,LANE'S OP9IONS G5]ALLY4 ,LANE SAYS3 

,I TOLD HIM ,I DID NOT KN[ ! (FICIAL BUS9ESS BUT = MYSELF ,I DID NOT BELIEVE 9 ,GODS OR ,DEVILS1 ,K+S OR ,EMP]ORS .<&.> ,I DID NOT BELIEVE 9 P]MAN5T ,PRESID5TS 9 ,DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS & ?AT MY FIR/ BUS9ESS WAS TO PUT AN 5D TO ,HYNDMAN'S ,P]MAN5T ,PRESID5CY & ?AT EV]Y MEMB] ( ! ,C\NCIL %\LD PRESIDE AT ,C\NCIL MEET+S 9 ROTATION4 ,HE SAID HE AGRE$ ) IT & W\LD SECOND MY RESOLUTION BUT WE %\LD NOT C>RY IT 444 :AT ELSE8 ,I SAID ,I WAS GO+ TO PROPOSE \R ,EMANCIPATION ,LEAGUE PROGRAM ITEM BY ITEM & ?AT :5 WE />T$ WE =C$ !M AS F> AS WE C\LD 444 IT WAS TIME ?AT .<A.> M]E POLITICAL PROGRAM %\LD BE SUP]S$$4.<#e#g.> ,HE AGRE$ & SAID HE W\LD SECOND MY RESOLUTION BUT ?AT !IR BRAN*ES W]E SO REACTION>Y WE %\LD NEV] C>RY ?AT4 ,I SAID WE W\LD4 ,!N HE ASK$ AB\T O!R ?+S & AB\T ! FUTURE MEMB]S ( ! ,C\NCIL4 ,I GAVE HIM ALL ! NAMES EXCEPT MY [N :I* HE W\LD 9SI/ ON 9CLUD+4 ,I ?\<T ,I C\LD DO BETT] WORK 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D4 ,9 ! AFT]NOON ,BOB ,BANN] CAME TO ,MORRIS4 ,HE WAS COM+ TO ,CONF]5CE AS DELEGATE FROM ,WOOLWI* SO WE HAD IT ALL OV] AGA94 ,HE AGRE$ TO SUPPORT4 ,SO ! :OLE ?+ WAS HAT*$ ON ! LAWN AT ,MORRIS'S H\SE BUT SO F> AS ,I WAS CONC]N$ ,MORRIS DID NOT KN[ A ?+ AB\T IT4 

,! CONF]5CE W5T MU* AS ,JOE ,LANE HAD PR$ICT$4 ,IT ADOPT$ ! ,L4,E4,L4 PROGRAM 9 A SIMPLIFI$ =M -- IT WAS IRONIC1 9 ,JOE ,LANE'S LAT] VIEW1 ?AT ?IS LEFT \T ! DEM& = FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ASSEMBLY4 ,! NAME ( ! ORGANIZATION WAS *ANG$ TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION 7,S4,D4,F474 ,! CONF]5CE VOT$ AGA9/ FI<T+ P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS -- ?\< = SOME DELEGATES IT WAS A PRAGMATIC RA!R ?AN A PR9CIPL$ OPPOSITION4 ,& IT VOT$ AGA9/ ! P]MAN5T PRESID5CY ( ,HYNDMAN4 ,?IS ,HYNDMAN DID NOT LIKE AT ALL4 ,NO WOND] ,LANE /ILL %[$ RA!R A T5D5CY TO CR[ AB\T IT MANY YE>S LAT]3 0:5 ,I PROPOS$ A ?+ UP W5T ALL ! H&S ( ALL ?OSE DELEGATES ?AT ,HYNDMAN WI%$ S5T4 ,TALK AB\T ,BOMBS6 ,! ,HYNDMAN P>TY WAS SO TAK5 BY SURPRISE ?AT !Y W\LD SAY NO?+ UNTIL AFT] ! CONF]5CE WAS OV]4 ,!N AT ! TEA P>TY AFT]W>DS !Y =M$ LITTLE GR\PS & TALK$ ?+S & LOOK$ AT ME SO BLACK AS ?\< ,I HAD DONE OR SAID SOME?+ RUDE 4440 ,! C\NCIL ELECT$ AT ! CONF]5CE WAS COMPOS$ ( ,ELEANOR ,M>X1 ,$W>D ,AVEL+1 ,BANN]1 ,*AMPION1 ,J4 ,COOP]1 ,AMY ,HICKS1 ,MR & ,MRS ,HYNDMAN1 ,JOE ,LANE1 ,MORRIS1 ,QUEL*1 ,BAX1 ,H4 ,BURR[S1 ,W4,J4 ,CL>K1 ,R4,P4,B4 ,FRO/1 ,JOYNES1 ,SAM ,MA9W>+1 ,JAMES ,MURRAY & ,JACK ,WILLIAMS4 ,JOE ,LANE & ,SAM ,MA9W>+ W]E DEF9ITELY ,L4,E4,L4 MEMB]S1 & SOME ( ! O!RS W]E TOO4 ,!SE PEOPLE1 TOGE!R ) ! ,AVEL+S 7,ELEANOR ,M>X WAS ,AVEL+'S P>TN] 9 A 'FREE RELATION%IP'71 ,MORRIS1 ,BAX & ,BANN]1 =M$ ! OPPOSITION TO ,HYNDMAN4 ,*AMPION1 ,QUEL*1 ,BURR[S & ,WILLIAMS W]E ! MORE PROM95T SUPPORT]S ( ! =M] P]MAN5T PRESID5T4 

,! NEXT SIX MON?S 9 ! LIFE ( ! ,C\NCIL W]E WRET*$4 ,AN ESCALATION ( FEUD+1 BACKBIT+ & 9TRIGUE L$ TO SPASM W> BY ,*RI/MAS #a#h#h#d4 ,JOE ,LANE LAT] CLAIM$ ?AT ! POLITICAL QUE/ION BEH9D IT ALL WAS :E!R ! ,S4,D4,F4 %\LD GO 9 = P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS OR NOT4 ,O!R ACC\NTS MAKE IT CLE> ?AT ?IS ISSUE RA!R GOT LO/ 9 ! PRO- OR ANTI-,HYNDMAN BATTLE4.<#e#h.> ,9 ! FIR/ MEET+ ( ! C\NCIL AFT] ! CONF]5CE1 ,HYNDMAN MADE IT CLE> ?AT HE WAS 9 NO MOOD TO BE DEMOT$4 ,HE WAS SUBJECT TO A CUTT+ C\NT]-ATTACK BY ,JOE ,LANE & AN ATTEMPT TO HAVE HIM RE9/AT$ FAIL$4 ,IT WAS PROBABLY ! REALIZATION ?AT ,HYNDMAN C\LD NOT & W\LD NOT WORK 9 ANY ORGANIZATION HE DID NOT CONTROL ?AT F9ALLY BRAC$ ,MORRIS = ! COM+ SPLIT4 ,HE WROTE 9 ,AUGU/3 0,! TIME :I* ,I HAVE =ESE5 FROM ! FIR/ SEEMS TO BE UPON US1 & ,I DON'T SEE H[ ,I CAN AVOID TAK+ MY %>E 9 ! 9T]NAL CONFLICT :I* SEEMS LIKELY TO R5D ! ,D4,F4 9TO TWO OR MORE4 ,MORE ?AN TWO OR ?REE ( US DI/RU/ ,HYNDMAN ?OR\<LY2 ,I HAVE DONE MY BE/ TO TRU/ HIM1 BUT CANNOT ANY LONG]4 ,PRACTICALLY IT COMES TO A CONTE/ BETWE5 HIM & ME40.<#e#i.> 

,! F9ALE WAS PLAY$ \T ON #b#g? ,DECEMB] #a#h#h#d4 ,AT A NOISY MEET+ PACK$ ) ,HYNDMAN SUPPORT]S -- ! ,L4,E4,L4 BE+ EXCLUD$ BECAUSE1 AL?\< IT HAD AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,S4,D4,F41 IT HAD PRES]V$ ITS AUTONOMY & PAID NO DUES -- ! ,HYNDMAN GR\P WAS R\NDLY DEFEAT$ ON A VOTE TAK5 BY ! C\NCIL MEMB]S4 ,MORRIS !N READ \T A /ATEM5T 9 :I* ! VICTORI\S MEMB]S ( ! C\NCIL )DREW FROM ! ,F$]ATION4 ,?IS REPRES5T$ A REFUSAL TO FOLL[ UP !IR VICTORY BY EXPULSIONS & FUR!R /RIFE & CAUS$ NO LITTLE SURPRISE4 ,IT WAS FUNDAM5TALLY ,MORRIS'S IDEA & PROBABLY REPRES5T$ BO? A CONT9UATION ( ! FEEL+S HE HAD :5 HIS 'P>TY' HAD BE5 9 ! M9ORITY & A MORE REC5T DESIRE TO WA% HIS H&S ( ! :OLE BUS9ESS4 ,MORRIS HAT$ 9TRIGUE & P]SONALITY CLA%ES 0TO ! PO9T ( C[>DICE10 AS ,E4,P4 ,?OMPSON REM>KS4 ,& ?\< ! ,S4,D4,F4 HAD GR[N 9 #ahhd IT /ILL ONLY HAD P]HAPS #d MEMB]S 9 ,LONDON & P]HAPS #a 9 ! PROV9CES4 ,) 5]GY & ! ,LABOR ,EMANCIPATION ,LEAGUE 7& )\T ,HYNDMAN7 ! NEW BODY ?AT WAS =M$ -- ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE -- C\LD WELL MAKE GOOD ITS 9ITIAL DISADVANTAGE4 

,AL?\< ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE EM]G$ FROM ! SPLIT 9 ! ,S4,D4,F4 9 A /ATE ( SOME CONFUSION1 ! MOOD WAS ONE ( CONFID5CE & RELIEF4 ,! IMPORTANCE ( ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANISM = A SECTION ( ! SEC$]S MEANT ?AT ! NEW ORGANIZATION BO? L>GELY REPRES5T$ ?IS T5D5CY & ATTRACT$ ?OSE ( A LIKE M9D4 ,BUT ITS ORIG9S 9 ! FI]CE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 'DESPOTISM' ( ,HYNDMAN ALSO MEANT ?AT A P>LIAM5T>Y FACTION HAD SEC$$4 ,?IS WAS NOT TO CAUSE OP5 & DE/RUCTIVE DISS5SION 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE IMM$IATELY4 ,! DIFF]5CES W]E APP>5T FROM ! BEG9N+1 H[EV]4 ,A DRAFT CON/ITUTION BY ! ,AVEL+S -- AS A RESULT ( ! PROMPT+ ( ,5GELS 9 ! BACKGR\ND -- WAS ACCEPT$ BY ! C\NCIL ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE %ORTLY AFT] ! SPLIT4.<#f.> ,IT COMMITT$ ! ,LEAGUE TO 0,/RIV+ TO CONQU] POLITICAL P[] BY PROMOT+ ! ELECTION ( ,SOCIALI/S TO ,LOCAL ,GOV]NM5TS1 ,S*OOL ,BO>DS & O!R ADM9I/RATIVE BODIES40 ,?IS DRAFT WAS REJECT$ AT ! FIR/ ANNUAL CONF]5CE ( ! ,LEAGUE 9 ,JULY #a#h#h#e4 

,TWO O!R DOCUM5TS ISSU$ AT ?IS TIME W]E MORE IMPORTANT1 BO? 9 T]MS ( !IR CONT5TS & !IR MORE ACCURATE EXPRESSION ( ! POLITICS ( ! ,LEAGUE4 ,!SE W]E FIR/LY ! CIRCUL> ,TO ,SOCIALI/S1 :I* EXPLA9$ ! REASONS = ! SPLIT1 & ! ,MANIFE/O ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,! =M] L>GELY CONSI/$ ( AN EXPOSITION 9 A RA!R DIGNIFI$ SORT ( WAY ( ! DIFFICULTIES ( WORK+ ) ,HYNDMAN4 ,BUT IT WAS CLE> 9 ITS ATTITUDE TO ! POLITICS ( ! TIME & %>ES ! SAME VIEW AS ! ,MANIFE/O4 ,A SOCIALI/ BODY1 IT SAYS1 04449 ! PRES5T /ATE ( ?+S HAS NO FUNCTION BUT TO $UCATE ! PEOPLE 9 ! PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIALISM & TO ORGANIZE SU* AS IT CAN GET HOLD ( .<SIC.> TO TAKE !IR DUE PLACES :5 ! CRISIS %ALL COME ?AT WILL =CE ACTION ON US4 ,WE BELIEVE TO HOLD \T AS BAITS HOPES ( ! AMELIORATION ( ! CONDITION ( ! WORK]S1 TO BE WRUNG \T ( ! NECESSITIES ( ! RIVAL FACTIONS ( \R PRIVILEG$ RUL]S1 IS DELUSIVE & MIS*IEV\S40 ,!RE HAD BE5 9 ! ,S4,D4,F4 0A T5D5CY TO POLITICAL OPPORTUNISM1 :I* IF DEVELOP$ W\LD HAVE 9VOLV$ US 9 ALLIANCES1 H[EV] TEMPOR>Y1 ) ONE OR O!R ( ! POLITICAL FACTIONS & W\LD HAVE WEAK5$ \R PROPAG&I/ =CE BY DRIV+ US 9TO ELECTIONE]+ & POSSIBLY W\LD HAVE DEPRIV$ US ( SOME ( \R MO/ 5]GETIC M5 BY S5D+ !M TO \R %AM P>LIAM5T1 !RE TO BECOME EI!R NON5TITIES1 OR P]HAPS \R MA/]S & IT MAY BE \R BETRAY]S40 

,! ,MANIFE/O ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE PUTS ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y POSITION 9 ITS CORRECT P]SPECTIVE4 ,IT IS NEI!R M]E PREJUDICE NOR A C[>DLY REFUSAL TO BECOME 9VOLV$4 ,IT SPEAKS ( ! ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION ( ! PRODUC]S BY ! POSSESS+ CLASS & ! CEASELESS CONFLICT BETWE5 !M3 0,SOMETIMES IT TAKES ! =M ( OP5 REBELLION1 SOMETIMES ( /RIKES1 SOMETIMES ( M]E WIDESPREAD M5DICANCY & CRIME2 BUT IT IS ALWAYS GO+ ON 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R1 ?\< IT MAY NOT BE OBVI\S TO ! ?\<TLESS LOOK] ON40 ,BUT ! COMPETITION WAS NOT ONLY BETWE5 CLASSES BUT ALSO )9 CLASSES & BETWE5 NATIONS4 ,%ODDY GOODS SMO!R$ ! 'CIVILIZ$' & 'UNCIVILIZ$' WORLD ALIKE1 ! MOTOR ( WORK+-CLASS DEGRADATION 9 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 & ! MOTOR ( IMP]IALISM4 0,?IS MU/ BE ALT]$ FROM ! F\NDATION 444 ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION ( WEAL? 444 MU/ BE DECL>$ & TREAT$ AS ! COMMON PROP]TY ( ALL40 ,9 ?IS WAY ! WORK] W\LD RECEIVE ! FULL VALUE ( HIS LABOR & ! ESS5TIAL WORK ( ! WORLD 0W\LD BE R$UC$ TO SOME?+ LIKE TWO OR ?REE H\RS DAILY40 ,9 ?IS WAY WORK]S W\LD BE RELIEV$ ( 0SORDID ANXIETIES0 & !IR REAL COMMUNAL T5D5CIES C\LD EM]GE4 0,ONLY BY SU* FUNDAM5TAL *ANGES 9 ! LIFE ( MAN1 ONLY BY ! TRANS=MATION ( ,CIVILIZATION 9TO ,SOCIALISM CAN !SE MIS]IES ( ! WORLD BE=E M5TION$ BE AM5D$40 ,IT CONT9U$3 

,AS TO M]E POLITICS1 ,ABSOLUTISM1 ,CON/ITUTIONALISM1 ,REPUBLICANISM HAVE ALL BE5 TRI$ 9 \R DAY & UND] \R PRES5T SOCIAL SY/EM & ALL HAVE ALIKE FAIL$ 9 DEAL+ ) ! REAL EVILS ( LIFE 444 

,NO BETT] SOLUTION W\LD BE ?AT ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 BY :ATEV] NAME IT MAY BE CALL$1 :OSE AIM IT W\LD BE TO MAKE CONCESSIONS TO ! WORK+ CLASS :ILE LEAV+ ! PRES5T SY/EM ( CAPITAL & WAGES /ILL 9 OP]ATION3 NO NUMB] ( ADM9I/RATIVE *ANGES1 UNTIL ! WORK]S >E 9 POSSESSION ( ALL POLITICAL P[]1 W\LD MAKE ANY APPROA* TO ,SOCIALISM 444 

,CLOSE FELL[%IP ) EA* O!R & /EADY PURPOSE = ! ADVANCEM5T ( ! ,CAUSE WILL NATURALLY BR+ AB\T ! ORGANIZATION & DISCIPL9E AMONG \RSELVES ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO SUCCESS2 BUT WE %ALL LOOK TO IT ?AT !RE %ALL BE NO DI/9CTIONS ( RANK OR DIGNITY AMONG US TO GIVE OPPORTUNITIES = ! SELFI% AMBITION ( LEAD]%IP :I* HAS SO (T5 9JUR$ ! CAUSE ( ! WORK]S4 ,WE >E WORK+ = EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD = ALL ! WORLD & IT IS ONLY ?R\< EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD ?AT WE CAN MAKE \R WORK EFFECTIVE4 

,! ,MANIFE/O IS A BEAUTIFUL DOCUM5T4 ,SOCIALISM IS SE5 AS SOCIAL BE+1 NOT AS AN ADM9I/RATIVE =M4 ,! 5VISAG$ *ANGE 9 SOCIETY IS FUNDAM5TAL & WILL COME AB\T ?R\< ! 0CRISIS ?AT %ALL =CE ACTION ON US40 ,SOCIALI/ $UCATION WILL EXP$ITE ?AT *ANGE ?R\< ?OSE SOCIALI/S :O 0WILL TAKE !IR DUE PLACES40 ,BUT ?\< ?IS SPECIAL ROLE = CONSCI\S SOCIALI/S MI<T IMPLY A GR\P AP>T ! 0SELFI% AMBITION ( LEAD]%IP0 IS P>TICUL>LY D5\NC$4 7,:AT ,MORRIS1 :OSE WORK ! ,MANIFE/O IS1 WAS PROBABLY ?9K+ ( WAS SELFLESS LEAD]%IP47 ,! DOCUM5T1 IF NOT AN>*I/1 IS CLE>LY LIB]T>IAN 9 ITS COMMITM5T TO REVOLUTION1 ITS VIEW ( ! ROLE ( SOCIALI/ GR\PS & ITS DEPRECATION ( /ATE & P>TY HI]>*Y4 ,! ,MANIFE/O WAS SIGN$ BY SOME PEOPLE 9 ADDITION TO ?OSE :O HAD SEC$$ FROM ! ,S4,D4,F4 -- TWO ( !M BE+ ,FRANK ,KITZ & ,*>LES ,M[BRAY4 ,WORK+ TOGE!R AS P>T ( ! ',5GLI% ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIETY' 9 ITS V>I\S %APES & =MS1 !Y HAD WAT*$ ! DIFFICULTIES )9 ! ,F$]ATION ) S>DONIC DETA*M5T4 ,!Y HAD SET UP A PR9T %OP 9 ,M[BRAY'S H\SE 9 ! NOTORI\S ,B\ND>Y ,/REET SLUM1 ISSU+ ANTI-MILIT>Y & ANTI-R5T PROPAG&A & PLAC>D+ ! ,EA/ ,5D ) 09C5DI>Y MANIFE/OES40 ,!Y HAD ALSO BE5 SPEAK+ R\ND ! CLUBS & WORK+ 9 CONJUNCTION ) ! ,L4,E4,L4 ,:5 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE WAS =M$1 H[EV]1 ,KITZ SAYS3 

444ITS PURELY PROPAG&I/ & NON-,P>LIAM5T>Y OBJECTS 444 APPEAL$ TO \R MEMB]S & WE JO9$ AT ONCE4 ,WE F\ND1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! DEM&S UPON \R SCANTY LEISURE W]E TOO GREAT TO ALL[ US TO ATT5D TO BO? ! PR9T+ GR\P & ! ,LEAGUE & WE F9ALLY DECID$ TO M]GE \R WORK 9TO ! ,LEAGUE'S1 ) ITS POSSIBILITY ( A WID] FIELD ( PROPAG&A4 

,TRUE TO \R ANTI-R5T CAMPAIGN1 WE [$ SOME R5T TO ! L&LORD ( \R 'PR9T]Y'4 ,AT ! F9AL MEET+ ( \R GR\P A HEAT$ DEBATE TOOK PLACE AS TO ! BE/ ME?OD ( SETTL+ ?IS LIABILITY1 SOME >GU+ 9 FAVOR ( CA% PAYM5T & O!RS = PAYM5T 9 K9D4 ,F9ALLY IT WAS DECID$ TO LIQUIDATE \R 9DEBT$NESS TO ! SLUM L&LORD BY LEAV+ HIM \R 9K-SLAB 7! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ PAV+ /ONE7 AS BE+ AK9 TO HIS [N HE>T4.<#f#a.> 

,:5 ,KITZ JO9$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE IT WAS ! FIR/ TIME HE & ,MORRIS HAD MET4 ,MORRIS WROTE ( HIM3 0,LIKE MO/ ( \R ,EA/-,5D]S1 HE IS C]TA9LY SOME:AT T+$ ) AN>*ISM OR P]HAPS ONE MAY SAY DE/RUCTIVISM2 BUT ,I LIKE HIM V]Y MU*3 ,I CALL$ ON ! POOR *AP AT ! PLACE :]E HE LIV$ & IT FAIRLY GAVE ME ! HORRORS TO SEE H[ WRET*$LY (F HE WAS2 SO IT ISN'T MU* TO WOND] AT ?AT HE TAKES ! L9E HE DOES40.<#f#b.> ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #ahhe ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE SECRET>Y1 ,J4,L4 ,MAHON1 WAS WRIT+ TO ,KITZ AS 0,SECRET>Y ( ! ,WORKMAN'S ,PROPAG&I/ ,COMMITTEE10 ?ANK+ HIM = ! (F] ( TWO F\NTS ( TYPE & O!R PR9T+ EQUIPM5T = ! USE ( ! ,LEAGUE4 

,AT ! SAME TIME ,LANE WAS TAK+ /EPS TO 9TEGRATE ! ,L4,E4,L4 ) ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,FROM HIS ACC\NTS LAT] IT APPE>S BO? H[ MU* ! EXI/5CE ( ?AT BODY DEP5D$ ON HIS PRODIGI\S 5]GIES & H[ MU* HIS 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! ,S4,D4,F4 ,C\NCIL HAD UND]M9$ HIS WORK 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D4 0,I MADE ONE FATAL MI/AKE 9 ALL[+ MYSELF TO GO ON !IR ,C\NCIL4 ,?AT COMM5C$ ! BREAKUP ( ALL ! WORK WE HAD DONE 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D4 ,IF WE HAD DONE AS WE HAD DONE BE=E1 JU/ DRIV5 !M AS F> AS WE C\LD & !N LEFT !M1 !N WE %\LD HAVE HAD A V]Y /RONG ORGANIZATION 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D ( ,ANTI-,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S40.<#f#c.> ,:5 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE WAS =M$1 AS F> AS ! ,L4,E4,L4 WAS CONC]N$ 0IF NOT DROPP$1 ! LIFE WAS TAK5 \T ( IT4 ,I H&$ OV] ALL MY ,PR9T+ PLANT .<&.> LEAFLETS OV] TO .<!.> ,LEAGUE & GAVE MY :OLE TIME TO IT4 ,I AM V]Y SORRY1 ,I CAN SEE N[ IF WE HAD KEPT TO \R [N ,L4,E4,L4 WE %\LD HAVE BE5 ALRI<T40.<#f#d.> 

,BUT ?IS WAS WRITT5 ) ! B5EFIT ( H9DSI<T4 ,9 ,MAY #ahhe HE WAS CIRCULAT+ MEMB]S ( ! ,MILE ,5D BRAN* 9 ,MILE ,5D & ,/RAT=D ) A VIEW TO =M+ BRAN*ES ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 9 BO? PLACES4 ,! ,HOXTON BRAN* HAD DECID$ TO RETA9 ITS AUTONOMY AS ! ,L4,E4,L41 ?\< IT REMA9$ AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4.<#f#e.> 

,G5]ALLY ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE SEEMS TO HAVE BEGUN WELL4 ,JOHN ,TURN]1 SOON TO BECOME 9VOLV$ ) ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P1 WROTE LAT] ?AT HE JO9$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE IMM$IATELY IT WAS =M$4 ,HE WAS ALREADY A 0CONV9C$ ,SOCIALI/ BUT HAV+ BE5 A Y\NG FREE?9K+ ,RADICAL ,REPUBLICAN ,I HAD ! USUAL ,RADICAL SUSPICI\S AV]SION TO ,HYNDMAN40 ,?IS 0USUAL ,RADICAL SUSPICI\S AV]SION TO ,HYNDMAN0 MI<T EXPLA9 P>T ( ! SUCCESS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,IT C]TA9LY W5T SOME WAY TO 5C\RAGE ! ACCESSION ( BRAN*ES 9 ,SCOTL& & ,YORK%IRE4 ,! CL>ITY ( ! ,LEAGUE ,MANIFE/O 9 COMP>ISON ) ! ,S4,D4,F4 MAT]IAL L$ ! SOCIALI/S ( ,NORWI*1 :OSE LEAD+ LI<T WAS A Y\NG MAN CALL$ ,F4,C4 ,SLAU<T] 7LAT] KN[N AS ,F]D ,*>LES71 TO =M !MSELVES 9TO A ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE BRAN*4 ,9 ,LONDON1 AP>T FROM ! ACCESSION ( ! ,L4,E4,L4 & ! ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIETY1 !RE WAS 9CREAS+ 9T]E/ 9 ! NEW ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y BODY ON ! P>T ( =EIGN EXIL$ AN>*I/S4 ,WESS1 LAT] ( ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P1 WAS 9 REGUL> CONTACT ) ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE FROM ,M>* #ahhe ONW>DS1 WRIT+ FROM A ,JEWI% 0WORK+ M5'S $UCATIONAL & MUTUAL RELIEF SOCIETY0 9 ,:ITE*APEL1 :I* =M$ A CLUB 9 ,B]N]S ,/REET 9 #a#h#h#f4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE WAS /RONGLY REPRES5T$ AT ITS OP5+4 ,EXILES W]E ALSO REPRES5T$ 9 ! BRAN*ES4 ,! ,NOR? ,LONDON BRAN* =M$ 9 ,JUNE #ahhe 9CLUD$ AMONG ITS MEMB]S A ,G]MAN ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN1 ,H5RY ,*>LES2 ,VICTOR ,DAVE 7A ,BELGIAN AN>*I/ :O HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 CL&E/9E PROPAG&A 9 ,G]MANY = ,MO/ & HAD BE5 >RE/$ !RE & JAIL$ = TWO & A HALF YE>S 9 #a#h#h#a72 & ,TRUNK :O HAD WORK$ ON ! ,FREIHEIT & WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,/ ,/EPH5'S ,MEWS CLUB4 ,O!R MEMB]S ( ?IS BRAN* 9CLUD$ ,DAVID ,NICOLL1 ,S*EU & ,MAHON4 

,SU* L9KS ) ! EXIL$ AN>*I/ COMMUNITY W]E /R5G!N$ BY ! PROTE/S ORGANIZ$ AFT] ! POLICE RAID ON ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ ',9T]NATIONAL ,CLUB'1 ,/ ,/EPH5S ,MEWS1 ,RA?BONE ,PLACE4 ,AT A MEET+ ATT5D$ BY DELEGATES FROM ! CLUBS -- ?\< NOT 9 ! /R5G? ?AT HAD BE5 PROMIS$ -- ,FRANK ,KITZ DESCRIB$ :AT HAD HAPP5$4 ,! MEMB]S HAD BE5 GO+ AB\T !IR BUS9ESS ON ! NI<T ( #i? ,MAY #a#h#h#e1 :5 0)\T ANY PREVI\S NOTICE AN ATTACK IS MADE ON ! W9D[S & DOORS4 

0,UPON OP5+ !M & SEE+ NOT ONLY POLICE BUT A L>GE CR[D !Y APPEAL$ TO ! =M] = PROTECTION & ! ANSW] FROM A S]GEANT WAS ',WE WILL PROTECT Y\ ,D -- =EIGN]S ) ! ,/AFF' & POLICE & CR[D SURG$ 9TO ! CLUB 444 MANY ( ! MEMB]S W]E W\ND$ & /REAM+ ) BLOOD & SOME WILL C>RY ! M>KS RECEIV$ TO !IR GRAVES4 ,POLICE & PUBLIC ALIKE1 ! LATT] MO/LY CONTA9$ POLICE 9 PLA9 CLO!S C>RI$ (F BE] 9 J>S1 =MS1 PAP]S1 BOOKS & MONEY NOT EV5 /OPP+ AT ! MEMB]S CLO!S40.<#f#f.> 

,! >EA ( NOR? ,SOHO 9 :I* ! ,CLUB WAS SITUAT$ WAS AN >EA ) A V]Y L>GE IMMIGRANT POPULATION1 MA9LY ( ,G]MANS1 ,FR5* & ,ITALIANS4 ,! POLICE RIOT AT ,/ ,/EPH5'S ,MEWS IS L>GELY EXPLICABLE BY ! *AUV9I/ HATR$ ( =EIGN]S TO BE F\ND 9 IMMIGRANT >EAS & ACC5TUAT$ 9 AU?ORIT>IAN BODIES SU* AS ! POLICE4 ,BUT ?\< ! MEMB]S ( ! CLUB W]E =EIGN]S !Y W]E ALSO =EIGN SOCIALI/S2 ! RAID WAS ALSO UND\BT$LY CONNECT$ ) ! G5]AL DIFFICULTIES MADE BY ! POLICE OV] SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A4 ,9 #ahhe !RE WAS 9CREAS+ H>ASSM5T ( OP5-AIR MEET+S HELD BY SOCIALI/S4 

,9 ,AUGU/ ,KITZ WAS >RE/$ = OB/RUCTION AT ,/RAT=D1 ,LONDON1 BUT HIS CASE WAS DISMISS$4 ,AT AB\T ! SAME TIME ! ,S4,D4,F4 W]E SUFF]+ CON/ANT POLICE H>ASSM5T AT !IR MEET+S AT ,DOD ,/REET1 ,LIMEH\SE4 ,A NUMB] ( PEOPLE W]E >RE/$ & F9$ = 'OB/RUCTION' AT MEET+S HELD ON ,SUNDAYS AT A PLACE !N DES]T$ BY VEHICLE TRAFFIC4 ,JACK ,WILLIAMS MADE A /& &1 REFUS+ TO PAY A F9E1 WAS S5T TO PRISON = A MON?4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE (F]$ ITS ASSI/ANCE & TOGE!R ) ! ,S4,D4,F4 & SOME ,RADICAL CLUBS =M$ A ,VIGILANCE ,COMMITTEE4 ,?IS CALL$ A L>GE MEET+ AT ,DOD ,/REET ON ,SUNDAY #b? ,SEPTEMB]1 :]E ,KITZ & ,MAHON SPOKE = ! ,LEAGUE4 ,AS ! MEET+ WAS BREAK+ UP IT WAS SUDD5LY ATTACK$ BY ! POLICE ) CONSID]ABLE BRUTALITY4 ,EI<T PEOPLE W]E >RE/$1 9CLUD+ ,M[BRAY1 ,MAHON1 ,KITZ & ,LEWIS ,LYONS1 A ,JEWI% TAILOR+ WORK] & ,S4,D4,F4 MEMB]4 ,! POLICE ATTACK HAD 9FURIAT$ ! ,RADICALS :O REALLY BEGAN TO GET TO WORK4 ,! SUBSEQU5T C\RT CASE BR\<T WID] PUBLICITY4 

,! MAGI/RATE1 ,SAUND]S1 WAS COMPLETELY HO/ILE TO ! >RE/$ M54 

,AFT] A %ORT & F>CICAL TRIAL 9 :I* ! POLICE P]JUR$ !MSELVES BLACK1 SEV5 ( ! M5 W]E F9$ =TY %ILL+S ) ! OPTION ( A MON?1 :ILE ,LEWIS ,LYONS -- ! ONLY ,JEW -- WAS S5T TO PRISON = TWO MON?S4 ,?IS CAUS$ A GREAT UPRO> FROM ! SOCIALI/S 9 ! C\RT :OM ! POLICE !N PROCE$$ TO ATTACK4 ,9 ! FRACAS !Y >RE/$ ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 :I* WAS A MI/AKE4 ,SAUND]S1 :O OBVI\SLY HAD NO IDEA :O HIS FAM\S G5TLEMAN PRISON] WAS1 LET HIM (F ) A CAUTION4 ,MORRIS WAS GREET$ \TSIDE ! C\RT BY A *E]+ CR[D4 ,?IS 9CID5T BR\<T ! FULL GL>E ( PUBLICITY ON TO BO? ! MAGI/RATE & ! FREE-SPEE* FI<T4 7,ONE ILLU/RAT$ MAGAZ9E HAD A PICTURE ( ,SAUND]S TE>FULLY BLACK+ ,MORRIS'S BOOTS47 ,! RESULT WAS A MASSIVE MEET+ ON ! SITE ! FOLL[+ ,SUNDAY ) P]HAPS AS MANY AS #e1 !RE4 ,! POLICE DID NOT BO!R ! MEET+ -- OR 9DE$ ANY SUBSEQU5T ONES4 ,! BATTLE = FREE SPEE* AT ,DOD ,/REET HAD BE5 WON4 

,IT IS NECESS>Y TO /RESS H[ IMPORTANT SU* FREE-SPEE* FI<TS W]E = ! NEW MOVEM5T4 ,SOCIALI/S W]E SMALL 9 NUMB]S1 & NO MATT] H[ 5]GETIC OR DET]M9$ !IR AGITATION 9 O!R DIRECTIONS !Y NE$$ ! /REETS AS A =UM IF SOCIALISM WAS TO SPREAD RAPIDLY4 ,SU* OCCASIONS AS ,DOD ,/REET DID BR+ !M PUBLICITY4 ,BUT ! PRIM>Y PURPOSE ( ! MEET+S WAS TO SPREAD ! WORD1 & !Y PREF]R$ !M UNH>ASS$4 ,AT MEET+S !Y C\LD SELL LIT]ATURE & DI/RIBUTE LEAFLETS4 ,DISCUSSIONS C\LD TAKE PLACE 9 A FRE] ATMOSPH]E ?AN ?AT PROVID$ BY ! DEBATE /RUCTURE IMPOS$ BY ! ,SUNDAY MEET+S AT ! ,RADICAL CLUBS4 ,9 ?IS WAY !Y ACT$ AS A K9D ( POPUL> SOCIALI/ UNIV]SITY -- ?\< SOMETIMES IT WAS A VIOL5T ONE4 ,JACK ,WILLIAMS C>RI$ A SC> TO HIS GRAVE AFT] BE+ HIT BY A BOTTLE HURL$ AT HIM DUR+ A MEET+4 ,OPPOSITION 7'FAIR-TRAD]S'1 HEAVIES HIR$ BY ! ,TORY OR ,LIB]AL ,P>TY1 MILITANT TEMP]ANCE ADVOCATES OR ,*RI/IANS7 W\LD (T5 DI/URB A MEET+ ) MORE ?AN WORDS4 ,PLAT=MS W]E 'CLE>$' NOT 9FREQU5TLY -- ?AT IS TO SAY RU%$ & ANO!R SPEAK] MORE TO ! TA/E ( ! ATTACK]S SUB/ITUT$4 ,BUT 9 MORE PLACID MOM5TS ! /REET MEET+S PROVID$ AN UN(FICIAL POPUL> $UCATION4 ,?IS IS A LAT] ACC\NT BUT ACCURATELY GIVES ! SPIRIT ( !SE OCCASIONS3 

,A SECUL>I/ SPEAK] RECEIV$ MORE ABUSE ?AN S5SIBLE CRITICISM BUT ,I LE>N$ FROM HIM ! CRU%+ EFFECT ( SATIRE1 :]E REASONABLE >GUM5T WAS FUTILE4 ,I ALSO LE>N$ ! >T ( HECKL+ AT !SE MEET+S2 NOT ! FOOLI% OB/RUCTIONI/ K9D ?AT M]ELY PLAYS 9TO ! H&S ( ! SPEAK] BUT ?AT :I* TURNS OBS]VATION TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! OPPOSITION4 ,BY AN 9T]JECTION AT ! RI<T MOM5T A SPEAK] C\LD BE ?R[N RI<T (F ! RAILS & MU* AMUSEM5T CAUS$ BY RHETORICAL CATA/ROPHES4 

',IF Y\ WANT TO KN[ :AT ! ,CONS]VATIVE ,P>TY HAVE DONE = ! WORK+-MAN LOOK 444' 

'4449SIDE ! WORKH\SE4' 7,9T]JECTION7 

',BRITI% WORK+ M5 >E BE+ ?R[N \T ( JOBS BY =EIGN DUMP+4 ,IF WE TAX !SE IMPORTS ! WORK]S WILL 444' 

'444PAY4' 7,9T]JECTION7 

,BUT ! MO/ 5LI<T5+ MOM5TS W]E SP5T AMONG ! LITTLE GR\PS ( ?9K]S :O C>RI$ ON DISCUSSIONS ) ALL ! E>NE/NESS ( A PHILOSOPH]'S C\NCIL *AMB]4 ,ONE SUBJECT M]G$ 9TO ANO!R1 :I* GAVE AN OPPORTUNITY = ! QUIDNUNCS ( ECONOMICS TO HOLD ! TOR* UNTIL IT WAS GRABB$ BY AN ACOLYTE ( ! 'HI<] CRITICISM' OR BY AN APO/LE ( ! 'A/RAL PLANE'4 ,9 ! PALLID GL>E ( ! LAMPS /OOD M5 & WOM5 ( ALL /ATIONS ( LIFE1 MUFFL]$ & COLL>$1 DAPP] & D[DY1 LI/5+ ) EI!R CR$UL\S OR CRITICAL M5TALITY TO ! >GUM5TS1 & READY TO BRI<T5 !IR FACES AT ! SLI<TE/ JOKE & TO APPRECIATE ! V]BAL CONTE/ ( V]BAL ]UDITION4 ,& IF !RE WAS NO ALL-NI<T SITT+ AT ?AT PUBLIC P>LIAM5T1 IT WAS MORE BECAUSE ( LEGAL RE/RICTIONS ?AN WANT ( 5?USIASM = MO/ ( ! MEMB]S /AY$ TILL ! RIS+ ( ! ',H\SE' BE=E SAUNT]+ AWAY 9 LITTLE GR\PS1 :5 VOICES & FOOT/EPS FAD$ 9TO ! NI<T & A HAPPY TRUCE WAS CALL$ = ANO!R SEV5 DAYS40.<#f#g.> 

,BUT ! VICTORY AT ,DOD ,/REET DID NOT MEAN ?AT FREE SPEE* WAS !N AUTOMATICALLY 5SUR$ 9 ,LONDON OR ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY4 ,FREE-SPEE* FI<TS W]E A REGUL> FEATURE ( SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A 9 ! #a#h#hS & #a#h#iS4 ,H[EV]1 AFT] ,DOD ,/REET !RE W]E NO P>TICUL>LY ODI\S OPPRESSIONS ( PUBLIC SPEAK+ UNTIL ! 'DANG]\S 9FLU5CE' ( SOCIALISM MADE ITSELF APP>5T 9 ! ,WE/ ,5D ,RIOTS4 ,! W9T] ( #a#h#h#e-#a#h#h#f WAS A P]IOD ( HI< UNEMPLOYM5T & GREAT MIS]Y4 ,BUT ! MOOD ( ! UNEMPLOY$ WAS NOT ONE ( RESIGNATION1 AS IS TOO (T5 ! CASE4 ,! OCCASION ( AN ,S4,D4,F4 UNEMPLOY$ C\NT]-DEMON/RATION TO A ,TORY 'FAIR TRADE' MEET+ 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E 9 ,FEBRU>Y #ahhf PROVID$ ! SP>K4 

,MILITANT -- EV5 BLU/]+ -- SPEE*ES W]E MADE BY ,BURNS1 ,HYNDMAN1 ,WILLIAMS & ,*AMPION TOGE!R ) ,SP>L+ ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 

,ACCORD+ TO SOME S\RCES1 G5TLEM5 WE>+ TOP HATS 9 ! SQU>E HAD !M SNAT*$ FROM !IR HEADS1 & SOME ( ! G5TLEM5 W]E ?R[N 9 ! F\NTA9S4 ,! FAIR TRAD]S W]E ATTACK$ & !IR PLAT=M BROK5 UP4 

,5GELS ALLEG$ ?AT MANY ( ! UNEMPLOY$ W]E DRUNK -- AN OBVI\S 9DICATION TO HIM ?AT !Y W]E LUMP5PROLET>IANS & NOT FIT = ! REVOLUTION4 ,! MOOD ( ! CR[D WAS PUGNACI\S 9 ANY CASE4 ,! ORGANIZ]S1 SEE+ ?AT %IFT+ ! CR[D FROM ! SQU>E W\LD BE DIFFICULT1 DECID$ TO M>* !M TO ,HYDE ,P>K & !N DISP]SE4 

,!IR R\TE1 H[EV]1 TOOK !M PA/ ! UPP]-CLASS CLUBS 9 ,/ ,JAMES4 ,H]E ! CR[D RAIS$ A G5]AL HOOT+ & JE]+4 ,! PROCESSION /OPP$ & ,BURNS & O!RS SPOKE TO ! CR[D \TSIDE ! ,C>LTON1 ! ,RE=M1 ETC4 ,!RE W]E C\NT]-JE]S & ?+S W]E ?R[N AT !M FROM ! CLUBS4 ,! REPLY WAS A B>RAGE FROM ! CR[D4 ,IT WAS SAID ?AT ONE MAN />T$ IT3 0,A POORLY-CLAD HUNGRY-LOOK+ MAN1 TORE FROM HIS RAGG$ BREA/ AN ,EGYPTIAN W> M$AL :I* HE HAD BE5 WE>+4 ,HE =C$ HIMSELF 9 A FR5ZY ( ANG] 9TO A PROM95T POSITION & ADDRESS+ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,C>LTON :O W]E LOOK+ AT HIM ) SURPRIS$ EXPECTANCY HE %\T$1 ',WE W]E NOT ! SCUM ( ! C\NTRY :5 WE W]E FI<T+ = BOND-HOLD]S 9 ,EGYPT1 Y\ DOGS6'0.<#f#h.> ,HE HURL$ HIS M$AL AT ! W9D[ ( ! CLUB & SMA%$ IT4 ,! CR[D !N PICK$ UP LOOSE BUILD+ MAT]IAL :I* WAS LY+ >\ND & PROCE$$ TO ?R[ IT ?R\< ! W9D[S ( ! CLUBS4 ,!Y !N PROCE$$ TO SMA% ! W9D[S ( SURR\ND+ %OPS1 :I* W]E !N LOOT$4 ,?IS C>RI$ ON :ILE ! MA9 PROCESSION M>*$ (F TO ,HYDE ,P>K4 ,H]E ! DEMON/RATION PET]$ \T AFT] C>RIAGES HAD BE5 WRECK$ & ! LIV]Y HAD BE5 /RIPP$ FROM S]VANTS4 ,IT HAD BE5 AN EXPLOSION ( WORK+-CLASS ANG] RA!R ?AN A SOCIALI/ DEMON/RATION1 ILLU/RAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT SECTIONS ( ! CR[D M>*$ BACK TO ! ,EA/ ,5D S++ ',RULE ,BRITANNIA'6 

,!RE W]E SEV]AL RESULTS4 ,L>GE UNEMPLOYM5T DEMON/RATIONS TOOK PLACE 9 A NUMB] ( T[NS1 & !RE WAS RIOT+ 9 ,LEICE/]4 ,!RE WAS A REM>KABLE & SUDD5 CONC]N = ! WELF>E ( ! UNEMPLOY$ ON ! P>T ( ! UPP] CLASSES4 ,PUBLIC WORKS W]E SET UP & *>ITABLE FUNDS = ! UNEMPLOY$ GREW BY LEAPS & B\NDS4 ,= SEV]AL DAYS ! PANIC AMONG RESPECTABLE PEOPLE WAS ALMO/ 9DESCRIBABLE4 ,AS ,MORRIS PO9T$ \T 9 ! ,COMMONWEAL1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE PAP]1 ! /RATEGY 9SPIR$ BY ?IS PANIC HAD TWO SIDES4 ,FIR/ !RE W]E 0SOME PALLIATIVE MEASURES40 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !Y C\LD EXPECT SELECTIVE REPRESSION ( 'R+LEAD]S'4 ,BURNS1 ,HYNDMAN1 ,WILLIAMS & ,*AMPION W]E >RE/$ 7TO BE EV5TUALLY ACQUITT$74 ,MORE G5]ALLY ! AU?ORITIES BEGAN :AT LOOK$ LIKE A SY/EMATIC ATTACK ON SOCIALI/ MEET+S4 ,! POLICE MADE REPEAT$ ASSAULTS ON A DEMON/RATION 9 ,HYDE ,P>K LAT] 9 ,FEBRU>Y4 ,AS ! WEA!R IMPROV$ & ! V>I\S OP5-AIR SPEAK+ PIT*ES W]E REOP5$ !RE BEGAN A /EADY /REAM ( PROSECUTIONS = 'OB/RUCTION'4 ,9 ,JULY #ahhf WE F9D ,M[BRAY & ,LANE ATT5D+ A MEET+ ( ! ,METROPOLITAN ,RADICAL ,F$]ATION1 TRY+ -- UNSUCCESSFULLY -- TO DRUM UP SUPPORT = ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE SPEAK]S :O W]E BE+ H>ASS$ AT ! ,GROVE1 ,/RAT=D1 ,BELL ,/REET1 ,$GW>E ,ROAD & AT ! ',BRICKLAY]S ,>MS'1 ,KILBURN4 ,NIGG] M9/RELS & ,*RI/IAN PREA*]S W]E NOT 9T]F]$ )1 & BOYS W]E BE+ PAID BY ! POLICE TO OB/RUCT ! MEET+S1 IT WAS CLAIM$4.<#f#i.> ,! UNHELPFUL ATTITUDE ( ! ,RADICALS IS EXPLA9ABLE BO? BY ! ,WE/ ,5D ,RIOT1 :I* (F5D$ ! MORE RESPECTABLE1 & ! SOCIALI/ C&IDATES PUT UP BY ! ,S4,D4,F4 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#h#h#e4 ,! LATT] ADV5TURE HAD BE5 A F>CICAL FAILURE1 BUT IT HAD OBVI\SLY IRK$ ! ,RADICALS :O LOOK$ UPON ! WORK+-CLASS VOTE AS !IR [N PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

,! PIT* AT ,BELL ,/REET BECAME ! SC5E ( SU/A9$ /RUGGLE = ! RI<T TO SPEAK 9 ! /REETS4 ,AFT] ! FIR/ CASE ( OB/RUCTION AT ! SITE1 ,MA9W>+ ( ! ,LEAGUE & ,JACK ,WILLIAMS ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 SPOKE TO A L>GE MEET+ ON #a#a? ,JULY4 ,BO? W]E SUMMONS$ & S5T = TRIAL AT A HI<] C\RT4 ,BETWE5 ! TWO HE>+S ,MORRIS W5T TO ! SITE & SPOKE1 ?\< HE KNEW HE RISK$ PRISON4 ,HE WAS SUMMONS$ BUT 9 ! EV5T1 BE+ A G5TLEMAN1 HE WAS F9$ ONE %ILL+6 ,MA9W>+ & ,WILLIAMS1 :O W]E BO? WORK]S1 W]E F9$ TW5TY P\NDS4 ,WILLIAMS REFUS$ TO PAY & W5T TO PRISON = TWO MON?S4 ,& ?\< AS A RESULT ( !SE PROSECUTIONS ! ,M>YLEBONE ,BRAN* DECID$ TO LEAVE ! ,BELL ,/REET PIT*1 ANO!R WAS OP5$ IMM$IATELY :I* REMA9$ MORE OR LESS UNMOLE/$4 ,MORRIS'S 9T]V5TION 9 ! /RUGGLE HAD RESULT$ 9 PUBLICITY1 AS AT ,DOD ,/REET4 ,MORRIS FELT HIS NAME WAS WOR? US+ IF IT HELP$ BLOCK ATTEMPTS TO 0CLE> ! /REETS ( CO/]MONG]S1 ORGANS1 PROCESSIONS & LECTUR]S ( ALL K9DS & MAKE !M A SORT ( DEC5T PRISON CORRIDOR1 ) PEOPLE JU/ TRUDG+ TO & FROM !IR WORK40.<#g.> ,BUT IT WAS ! DET]M9ATION ( ! RANK & FILE TO KEEP !IR SPEAK+ PIT*ES ?AT WON ?R\<4 ,IT WAS N[ IMPOSSIBLE = ! POLICE TO CLOSE EV]Y SPEAK+ PIT* )\T ,DRACONIAN MEASURES & MASSIVE REPRESSION & !Y PROBABLY BECAME UNCOM=TABLY AW>E ( ! C\NT]-PRODUCTIVE RESULTS ( ! EF=TS !Y DID MAKE4 ,! MOVEM5T WAS GR[+ & ?IS K9D ( REPRESSION FANN$ ! FLAMES RA!R ?AN D\S$ !M4 

,! MOOD AT ?IS TIME IS GIV5 BY AN OBS]V]3 0,IT IS UND5IABLE ?AT A V]Y DEEP SEAT$ SPIRIT ( DISCONT5T WAS V]Y WIDESPREAD 444 & ?AT IT WAS FO/]$ BY AGITATORS :O SAW NO O!R ROAD TO PR(IT & PROM95CE AT ! TIME -- & R5D]$ DANG]\S BY UNBRIDL$ LANGUAGE 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE REPREH5SIBLE4 ,! ,5GLI% EXTREMI/S ADVOCAT$ :AT !Y T]M$ ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION & AT /REET CORN]S1 9 PUBLIC PLACES & ELSE:]E1 :5 A CR[D ( WORK+ M5 & LOAF]S C\LD BE MU/]$1 !Y W]E 9V>IABLY ASK$ TO GIVE '?REE *E]S = ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION' & IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT !Y RESPOND$ 9 GREAT] NUMB]S & GREAT] 5?USIASM AS ?IS DANG]\S MOVEM5T PROGRESS$40.<#g#a.> ,?IS WIDESPREAD & DEVELOP+ DISCONT5T WAS CONDITION$ BY EV5TS4 ,FIR/ !RE HAD BE5 POLITICAL DISCONT5T 9 ! ,RADICAL MILIEU OV] ! ,LIB]AL GOV]NM5T'S BACKSLID+ 9 ! RELATIVELY PROSP]\S P]IOD ( #a#h#h#a-#a#h#h#c4 ,POLITICAL DISCONT5T HAD COMB9$ ) MAT]IAL MIS]Y 9 ! H>% P]IOD ( HI< UNEMPLOYM5T ( #a#h#h#d-#a#h#h#f4 ,! COMBATIV5ESS & BITT]NESS ( ?IS P]IOD W]E TO DEVELOP & C>RY OV] 9TO ! MORE PROSP]\S YE>S ( #a#h#h#i-#a#h#i1 :5 A BUR/ ( ORGANIZ+ WAS TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! FAVORABLE 'T]MS ( TRADE' = LABOR4.<#g#b.> ,IT WAS 9 #a#h#h#e-#a#h#h#f1 POIS$ AT ! PO9T ( TAKE-(F ( ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T1 ?AT ! FIR/ AN>*I/ PAP]S W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GL&4 

,NO ONE KN[S H[ POLITICAL IDEAS SEIZE ! IMAG9ATION ( MASSES ( PEOPLE4 ,IF !Y DID \R WORLD W\LD LOOK EV5 R\<] ?AN IT DOES4 ,SO MU* CAN BE SAID AB\T 'OBJECTIVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1' BUT WE /ILL ONLY HAVE EXPLANATIONS AFT] ! EV5T4 ,! SELF-CONFID5T ANALY/S ( ! PA/ HAVE PROV$ TO BE L\SY PR$ICTORS ( ! FUTURE4 ,:ATEV] ! ME*ANISM1 H[EV]1 ?AT BODY ( IDEAS SUMM$ UP BY ! WORD 'SOCIALISM' RAPIDLY /RUCK ROOT4 ,9 ! T5 YE>S BETWE5 #ahhe & #ahie SOCIALI/S *ANG$ FROM BE+ A FEW =EIGN]S & CRANKS ( NO CONSEQU5CE TO A DEADLY DANG] OR ! WAVE ( ! FUTURE ACCORD+ TO TA/E4 ,YET :]E DID SOCIALI/ IDEAS COME FROM8 ,A FEW WEEKLY OR MON?LY PAP]S ( SMALL CIRCULATION2 A FEW MEET+S ADDRESS$ 9 CLUBS OR ON /REET CORN]S2 & :5 WE CONSID] ! M\NDS ( RIVAL J\RNALS & ! HORDES ( RIVAL /REET CORN] SPEAK]S IT SEEMS LITTLE %ORT ( MIRACUL\S ?AT SOCIALI/ IDEAS W]E HE>D1 LET ALONE TAK5 UP & ACT$ UPON4 ,SO :5 WE N[ CONSID] ! AFFAIRS ( A FEW AN>*I/ PAP]S IT IS = !IR POT5TIAL 5]GY AS MU* AS = !IR IMM$IATE IMPACT4 ,! LATT]1 9ITIALLY1 WAS NOT GREAT4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #c -- ,ADD$4 

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