,*APT] #ae 
,WORLD ,W> ,ONE -- ,& ,AFT] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,QUAIL 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a#e4 ,W,O,R,L,D ,W,> ,O,N,E -- ,& ,A,F,T,] 

,:5 W> WAS DECL>$ ON #d? ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#d1 IT CAME AS A SURPRISE4 ,NO MATT] ?AT W>N+ VOICES HAD BE5 RAIS$ ON ! DANG] ( W>1 NO MATT] ! DIRE/ PR$ICTIONS ( ! ANTI-MILIT>I/S1 ! FACT ?AT A W> HAD />T$ 9 ,EUROPE WAS A SURPRISE4 ,FROM \R POSITION 9 HI/ORY WE LOOK BACK AT ?AT BLOODY WA/E ( LIFE1 APPALL$ & WOND]+4 ,H[ C\LD PEOPLE NOT ONLY ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE SUCK$ 9TO ?AT W>1 H[ C\LD !Y VOLUNT>ILY M>* (F 9TO ITS JAWS8 ,YET 9 #aiad ! ONLY W>S ?AT G5]ATIONS HAD KN[N HAD BE5 SQUALID LITTLE W>S CONDUCT$ BY REGUL> >MIES 9 F>-FLUNG CORN]S ( ! WORLD1 C>V+ \T EMPIRES & M>KETS OV] ! BODIES ( NATIVE POPULATIONS H>DLY EQUIPP$ TO RESI/4 ,! EXCEPTIONS 7AT ! ,CRIMEA & ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN ,W>7 W]E MANY YE>S 9 ! PA/ & HAD BE5 MU* LESS ?AN TOTAL W>S4 ,! TI<T5+ WEB ( ALLIANCES >IS+ \T ( ! RIVAL IMP]IALISMS ( ! METROPOLITAN P[]S HAD =M$ ALMO/ IMP]CEPTIBLY TO ! MASS ( PEOPLE CONC]N$ 9 !IR [N DOME/IC BATTLES4 ,! SPE$ ) :I* ,EUROPE WAS SUDD5LY AT W> EV5 SURPRIS$ ! POLITICIANS3 0,WE BLUND]$ 9TO W>10 AS ,LLOYD ,GEORGE WAS TO PUT IT4 ,EV5 ,FRE$OM1 :I* C\LD BE EXPECT$ TO BE GLOOMY 9 ITS PR$ICTIONS1 TALK$ ( 0T5S ( ?\S&S DOOM$ TO DIE0 9/EAD ( MILLIONS4 ,= ! RAW P[] ( ! ALLIES ON BO? SIDES1 9 T]MS ( 9DU/RIAL \TPUT 79 T]MS ( AVAILABLE WA/E1 ONE MI<T SAY71 WAS EV5LY MAT*$4 ,ANY MAJOR CONFLICT C\LD BE GU>ANTE$1 \TSIDE CONSID]ATIONS ( BRILLIANT /RATEGIC 9V5TION1 TO BE LONG1 DRAWN-\T & BLOODY4 

,!RE HAD BE5 EXPANSIVE DECL>ATIONS 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T ( BRO!RLY LOVE & SOLID>ITY4 ,IT IS EASY TO CONDEMN ! COM=TABLY PLAC$ SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS1 IF ONE IS SO DISPOS$1 = !IR PANIC1 9DECISION & F9AL C[>DICE 9 ! FACE ( !IR E>LI] /ATEM5TS ?AT SOCIALI/ BRO!RHOOD C\LD CONQU] CAPITALI/ BLOOD%$4 ,YET ?OSE /ATEM5TS HAD BE5 MADE )\T ANY ?\<T AS TO ! CONTEXT 9 :I* SU* BRO!RHOOD W\LD HAVE TO OP]ATE4 ,!Y W]E NOT BRAVE OR IMAG9ATIVE M5 = ! MO/ P>T1 AS !Y HAD CONSI/5TLY DEMON/RAT$ BE=E ?IS TE/+ TIME4 ,! MAJORITY ( !M HAD PROV$ C[>DS 9 SMALL ?+S4 ,:Y !N EXPECT !M TO BE BRAVE 9 L>GE ONES8 ,9DE$1 ! WORK+ CLASS1 :I* HAD TAK5 SO MU* 9TO ITS [N H&S 9 ! YE>S ( ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,REVOLT1 HAD ALREADY LO/ IF IT WAIT$ = ! 'LEAD]S' IT HAD SO (T5 IGNOR$4 ,FRE$OM HAD CORRECTLY 7IF GLIBLY7 NOT$ 9 #aia ?AT ! NECESSITY WAS TO CONV9CE ! WORK]S ?AT IF !Y W]E 0TO USE ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE SPONTANE\SLY 9 CASE ( NE$ .<IT.> W\LD DO MORE TO AV]T ! POSSIBILITIES ( CAPITALI/IC W>S ?AN ANY ONE ?+ WE CAN ?9K (40.<#d#g#a.> ,! WORK+ CLASS ( ,5GL& 7NOT TO M5TION ! O!R C\NTRIES 9VOLV$7 %[$ NO SIGNS ( TAK+ ANY SU* /EPS4 ,A DET]M9$ M9ORITY ( SOCIALI/S OPPOS$ ! W> FROM ! BEG9N+ -- IT WAS1 9 FACT1 AN AN>*I/1 ,W4,D4 ,POND]1 :O DELIV]$ ! FIR/ RECORD$ ANTI-W> SPEE* ! DAY AFT] W> WAS DECL>$ UND] ! EGIS ( ! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE4 ,YET = ! MASS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! ATMOSPH]E WAS ALMO/ ONE ( C>NIVAL4 ,AS ONE WRIT] SAID1 0,:AT T]RIBLE ATTRACTION A W> CAN HAVE6 ,! WILD EXCITEM5T1 ! ILLUSION ( WOND]FUL ADV5TURE & ! ACTUAL BREAK 9 ! DEADLY MONOTONY ( WORK+ CLASS LIFE6 ,?\S&S W5T FLOCK+ TO ! COLORS 9 ! FIR/ DAYS1 NOT BECAUSE ( ANY 'LOVE ( C\NTRY'1 NOT BECAUSE ( ANY HI< FEEL+ ( 'PATRIOTISM'1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! NEW /RANGE & ?RILL+ LIFE ?AT LAY BE=E !M40.<#d#g#b.> 

,! W> WAS TO HAVE A FRAGM5T+ EFFECT ON ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 SEV]AL WAYS4 ,FIR/LY1 !RE WAS ! BATTLE BETWE5 PATRIOTS & ANTI-MILIT>I/S :I* NOT ONLY TOOK PLACE BETWE5 FACTIONS BUT )9 !M4 ,!N !RE WAS ! DISRUPTIVE EFFECT ( ! GOV]NM5T & ATT5DANT PATRIOTS1 CONC]N$ AS !Y W]E TO CRU% 'PRO-,G]MAN' S5TIM5T4 ,FUR!R1 !RE W]E ! EFFECTS DUE TO ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! /RUGGLES :I* W]E TO DEVELOP OV] CONSCRIPTION & :I* TOOK PLACE 9 9DU/RY4 ,YET 9 ANO!R S5SE ! /RA9S ON ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T & ! RESULT+ FRAGM5TATION ?AT ! W> PRODUC$ W]E A FUR!R LESSON 9 ! NATURE ( ! ?+ ?AT SOCIALISM WAS COMMITT$ TO OV]?R[4 ,! /RUGGLES ?AT DEVELOP$ AGA9/ ! W> ITSELF & )9 ! SITUATION ! W> PRODUC$ W]E TO RE9TEGRATE AS W> WE>9ESS GREW4 ,?IS RE9TEGRATION WAS GIV5 A /RONG IMPETUS BY ! NEWS ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONS ( ,FEBRU>Y & ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g4 ,= ! EMBATTL$ SOCIALI/S 9 PRISON OR 9 ! FACTORY ?IS NEWS BR\<T A GREAT UPSURGE ( HOPE -- IF A REVOLUTION C\LD TAKE PLACE 9 A /RON<OLD ( REACTION :AT WAS NOT POSSIBLE 9 ! MORE DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD8 ,YET ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION1 M>K$ ! OP5+ ( A NEW ]A ( LEFT REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS :I* IS ONLY N[ DRAW+ TO A CLOSE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS PRES5T$ A NEW ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPT = REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! RELATION%IP ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY -- ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY -- TO ! MASS WAS =?RI<TLY AU?ORIT>IAN & EXCLUSIVE4 ,! P>TY WAS TO CAPTURE CONTROL ( ! ORGANIZATIONS FROM ! WORK]S & LEAD !M ALONG ! PA? DECID$ 9 ITS C5TRALIZ$ DECISION-MAK+ /RUCTURE4 ,= EA* C\NTRY !RE C\LD ONLY BE ONE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & S9CE ?AT P>TY REPRES5T$ ! ONLY PA? TO REVOLUTION1 ALL O!R T5D5CIES \TSIDE ! P>TY W]E NOT JU/ WRONG BUT C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IT IS NOT ! PURPOSE ( ?IS BOOK TO >GUE ! PROS & CONS ( ?IS POSITION4 ,IT IS ABUNDANTLY CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT ANY MAJOR SUCCESS ( SU* A T5D5CY MEANT SEV]E DAMAGE TO AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ) ITS PLURALISM & DEC5TRALISM4 ,& :ILE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY REMA9$ SMALL 9 ITS E>LY YE>S 9 ,5GL&1 9 ! FACE ( ITS SUCCES D'E/IME ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WELL-NI< WI!R$ AWAY4 

,BUT LET US />T AT ! BEG9N+4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ! \TBREAK ( W> ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS ?R[N 9TO TURMOIL BY ! *ILL+ NEWS ?AT ,KROPOTK9 & A SMALL GR\P R\ND HIM SUPPORT$ ! W> AGA9/ ,G]MANY4 ,:ILE ! IMM$IATE REACTION ( ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! ,BRITI% MOVEM5T WAS TO REJECT ! W> & IMM$IATE /EPS W]E TAK5 TO PROPAG&IZE AGA9/ IT1 ?IS SUDD5 *ANGE ( HE>T BY ,KROPOTK9 C\LD DO NO?+ BUT CONFUSE & DAMAGE ! MOVEM5T4 ,KROPOTK9 HAD WRITT5 A S]IES ( >TICLES 9 ,FRE$OM BETWE5 ,MAY & ,AUGU/ #aiac 5TITL$ ',MOD]N ,W>S & ,CAPITALISM'4 ,9 ?IS S]IES HE DEMON/RAT$ CLE>LY ?AT ! RIVAL M>KET-SEEK+ BY ! METROPOLITAN /ATES AS ! AG5CIES ( !IR RESPECTIVE CAPITALI/S T5D$ 9EVITABLY TO 5C\RAGE MILIT>Y CONFLICT BETWE5 ?OSE /ATES4 ,YET ON ! \TBREAK ( W> 9 ,AUGU/ HE UND]W5T A RAPID *ANGE ( HE>T4 ,KEELL1 BY N[ ! $ITOR ( ,FRE$OM1 DESCRIB$ H[ HE MET ,KROPOTK9 & ,M>% 09 A NOISY ,LYONS CAFE 9 ,OX=D ,/REET40 

,!Y W]E !RE FIR/ & :5 ,I >RIV$1 ,PET] -- ! OLD SOLDI] AGA9 -- WAS SKET*+ ON PAP] ! MILIT>Y SITUATION 9 ,FRANCE3 ! ,G]MANS HE ?\<T W\LD BE 9 ,P>IS 9 A WEEK4 ,!N WE BEGAN TO DISCUSS ! W> AS ,AN>*I/S & ,I F\ND \T AT ONCE ?AT ,PET] & ,I DIFF]$ FUNDAM5TALLY4 ,HE SPOKE ( ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM & ITS B>B>ITY 9 ,BELGIUM1 & ! DUTY ( ! ,ALLIES TO ?R[ ! 5EMY BACK OV] !IR [N FRONTI]S4 ,M>% WAS PRO-,PET]4 ,MY >GUM5TS CUT NO ICE ) !M4 ,I PO9T$ \T ?AT A VICTORY = ! ,ALLIES W\LD BE A VICTORY = ! ,CZ> & ! 5D ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA4 444 ,PET] & ,I DISCUSS$ :AT HE %\LD WRITE 9 ! NEXT ISSUE ( ,FRE$OM4 ,HE EVID5TLY ?\<T HE C\LD NOT WRITE A PRO-W> >TICLE 9 VIEW ( MY OPPOSITION1 SO WE AGRE$ HE %\LD DO ONE ON ,COMMUNAL ,KIT*5S AS HE ?\<T !RE W\LD SOON BE A FOOD %ORTAGE 9 ! C\NTRY4.<#d#g#c.> 

,?IS GROTESQUE >TICLE APPE>$ 9 ! ,SEPTEMB] ISSUE ( ,FRE$OM4 ,9DE$ ! COMMUNAL KIT*5S ?AT SPRANG UP TO DI/RIBUTE FOOD 9 ,FRANCE AFT] ! W> WAS DECL>$ 9 AN UPSURGE ( PATRIOTIC EGALIT>IANISM C\LD BE CONSID]$ EXAMPLES ( MUTUAL AID4 ,BUT 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! TIME IT WAS EQUIVAL5T TO ADMIR+ ! SMOKE PLUME FROM A JUGG]NAUT :I* WAS RO>+ D[N ON ! WORLD4 ,KROPOTK9 DECL>$ HIMSELF PUBLICLY 9 ! ,OCTOB] ISSUE ( ,FRE$OM 9 AN >TICLE 5TITL$ ',AN ,OP5 ,LETT] TO ,PR(ESSOR ,/EFF5'4 ,GONE WAS ALL ! UND]/&+ ( A CONFLICT IRRELEVANT TO ! MASS ( ?OSE :O W]E TO BE SWALL[$ BY IT4 ,HE WROTE1 0,I CONSID] ?AT ! DUTY ( EV]YONE :O *]I%ES ! IDEALS ( HUMAN PROGRESS 444 IS TO DO EV]Y?+ 9 ONE'S P[] TO CRU% D[N ! 9VASION ( ! ,G]MANS 9TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE40 ,HE ASS]T$ ?AT 0,S9CE #ahga ,G]MANY HAS BE5 A /&+ M5ACE TO ,EUROPEAN PROGRESS 444 ! T]RITORIES ( BO? ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM ,M,U,/ BE FRE$ ( ! 9VAD]S40 ,HIS LAT5T FRANCOPHILIA & G]MANOPHOBIA HAD BECOME RAMPANT4 ,KEELL REPLI$ 9 AN >TICLE 5TITL$ ',HAVE ,! ,LEOP>DS ,*ANG$ ,!IR ,SPOTS8' 7,?IS REF]R$ TO ! COMBATANT /ATES RA!R ?AN ,KROPOTK9'S IMM$IATE CIRCLE47 ,HE SAID1 0,! MORE ,I /UDY ! EVID5CE ! MORE C]TA9 ,I AM ?AT ! GR[+ COMM]CIAL AS WELL AS MILIT>Y P[] ( ,G]MANY WAS A *ALL5GE TO ,BRITA9 & ! ,ALLI$ ,P[]S & ! SUPREMACY ( ONE OR O!R IS ! SOLE PO9T AT ISSUE4 ,& ! WORK]S >E SLAU<T]+ EA* O!R TO DECIDE IT4 ,!Y WILL GA9 NO?+ BY ?IS W>4 ,:ATEV] ! RESULT MAY BE1 !Y MU/ LOSE40 

,! ,NOVEMB] ISSUE WAS L>GELY DEVOT$ TO A SYMPOSIUM ON ! W>1 :]E ! PRO-W> 'AN>*I/S' & ! ANTI-MILIT>I/S DEBAT$ ! ISSUE4 ,IT ALSO 9CLUD$ A =?RI<T LETT] FROM A ,SCOTTI% AN>*I/1 ,ROB]T ,SELKIRK1 CONDEMN+ ,KROPOTK9'S >TICLE4 ,*]KESOV -- ONE ( ,KROPOTK9'S OLD FRI5DS -- WAS FURI\S & TOLD ,KEELL1 0,FRE$OM CANNOT BE AN OP5 TRIBUNE & ,FRE$OM MU/ /OP40 ,KEELL W5T TO SEE ,KROPOTK9 9 ,BRI<TON & !RE WAS A /RA9$ & P>TIALLY BITT] CONFRONTATION BETWE5 !M2 ,KROPOTK9 WAS P>TICUL>LY ANNOY$ AT ,SELKIRK'S LETT]1 :]E HE WAS CALL$ A RECRUIT+ S]GEANT BY IMPLICATION4 ,KEELL REPLI$ ?AT 0HE :O WILLS ! 5DS WILLS ! MEANS40 ,KROPOTK9 MORE OR LESS ASK$ = ,KEELL'S RESIGNATION1 :I* ,KEELL REFUS$ TO GIVE4 ,KROPOTK9 REASS]T$ ,*]KESOV'S /ATEM5T ?AT ,FRE$OM MU/ NOT BE A 'FREE TRIBUNE' & ,KEELL SEEMS TO HAVE AGRE$ -- BUT ON ! SIDE ( NOT ADMITT+ PRO-W> >TICLES4 ,AT TEA ANO!R GUE/ WAS A W\ND$ ,BRITI% (FIC] ON LEAVE4 ,ON ! MANTELPIECE W]E >RAY$ ! FLAGS ( ! ,ALLIES4 ,KEELL WAS GLAD TO GET \T4 ,HE & ,KROPOTK9 NEV] MET AGA94 ,KEELL1 9 CONSULTATION ) A NUMB] ( AN>*I/S1 DECID$ ?AT FROM N[ ON ,FRE$OM W\LD BE AGA9/ ! W>4 ,:ATEV] CRITICISMS CAN BE MADE ( ,KEELL HE %[$ GREAT C\RAGE 9 /&+ UP TO PRESSURE FROM ,KROPOTK9 :O HAD BE5 REV]$ TO AN ALMO/ SICK5+ EXT5T 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,SECUL> SA9TS HAVE !IR DANG]S :5 DEAD2 ALIVE !Y >E A CON/ANT IMPLI$ M5ACE4 ,KEELL WAS ! BRAV] :5 WE REMEMB] ?AT HE TOO WAS A POSITIVE WOR%IP] ( ,KROPOTK94 

,HIS DIFFICULTIES W]E NOT OV]1 H[EV]4 ,HE HAD MORE OR LESS DECL>$ UNILAT]AL 9DEP5D5CE1 & HIS ALLEG$ 'SEIZURE' ( ,FRE$OM WAS ! SUBJECT ( SOME LOBBY+ -- BY ,TURN] & ,*]KESOV1 ACCORD+ TO ,KEELL4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT ,GEORGE ,CORES W5T TO ! NEXT ANNUAL CONF]5CE 9 ,/OCKPORT AT ,EA/] #aiae >M$ ) A BITT] D5UNCIATION ( ,KEELL4 ,?IS D5I$ ?AT ! MATT] WAS ANY?+ TO DO ) A PRO- OR ANTI-W> POSITION BUT RA!R A MATT] ( ,KEEL'S UNDEMOCRATIC SEIZURE ( ! PAP]4 ,CORES HAD NOT 5JOY$ A GOOD RELATION%IP ) ,KEELL BE=E ?IS TIME4 ,CORRESPOND5CE 9 ,AM/]DAM %[S ?AT :5 ,M>% RETIR$ FROM ! $ITOR%IP ( ,FRE$OM 9 #aiab HE WAS SUGGE/+ ?AT ,CORES & ,KEELL %\LD RUN ! PAP] JO9TLY4 ,YET ,KEELL BECAME SOLE $ITOR AT ?IS TIME1 & IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT 9 ANO!R CONTEXT ,KEELL BOA/S ?AT HE WAS ABLE TO /OP ,CORES & O!R AN>*I/S US+ ! ,OSSUL/ON ,/REET (FICE AS A SOCIAL MEET+ PLACE AT >\ND ?AT TIME4 ,O!R LETT]S %[ ?AT ,KEELL HAD A CLOSE GR\P ( FRI5DS :O CON/ITUT$ ! NEW GR\P ?AT PRODUC$ ,FRE$OM4 ,SO ,CORES HAD SOME JU/ICE ON HIS SIDE4 ,BUT ! OV]RID+ QUE/ION AT ! CONF]5CE WAS ! W>1 & ,KEELL'S EMPHASIS ON ! ANTI-W> REASONS = HIS ACTION UNANIM\SLY WON ! APPROVAL ( ! AN>*I/S NATIONALLY4.<#d#g#d.> ,IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT 9 IGNOR+ ?IS ,CORES %[$ SOME?+ ( A PETT9ESS ( SPIRIT4 ,BUT IT MU/ BE /RESS$ ?AT ,CORES WAS NOT LEAD+ A PRO-W> FACTION AT ! CONF]5CE & HIS LAT] ACTIVITIES %[$ IT4 

,KROPOTK9'S PRO-W> S5TIM5TS DID NOT ONLY %AKE ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P4 ,ALDR$'S PAP]1 N[ R5AM$ ! ,SPUR1 DEVOT$ MU* SPACE 9 ! AUTUMN & W9T] ( #a#i#a#d-#a#i#a#e TO DETAIL$ REBUTTALS ( ,KROPOTK9'S POSITION1 SOME FROM ,ALDR$1 O!RS FROM ,MALATE/A & ,ROCK]4 ,YET1 9 ONE S5SE1 ! FACT ?AT SO MU* TIME C\LD BE SP5T ON DISCUSSIONS ( PRO- OR ANTI-W> POSITIONS WAS AN 9DICATION ?AT ! FI<T HAD NOT YET BECOME DESP]ATE2 IT WAS A TIME :5 !RE WAS ROOM /ILL TO ATTEMPT TO P]SUADE RA!R ?AN TO GRIT ! TEE? & 5DURE4 ,FROM ,AUGU/ #aiad 9TO #aiae !RE WAS VOLUNT>Y RECRUIT+ 9TO ! >MY4 ,! ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REALM ,ACT 7,D4,O4,R4,A4 = %ORT7 WAS NOT 9TRODUC$ UNTIL ,M>* #a#i#a#e4 ,?IS MADE IT AN (F5SE1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 TO TRY & 'OB/RUCT' RECRUIT+ BY WORDS OR DE$S 'LIKELY TO DISAFFECT'4 ,! FACT ?AT IT WAS 9TRODUC$ AT SU* A RELATIVELY LATE /AGE IS AN 9DICATION ?AT VOLUNT>Y RECRUITM5T WAS WORK+4 ,! OPPOSITION TO ! ANTI-W> AGITATORS BY PATRIOTS WAS CON/ANT & L>GELY SPONTANE\S BE=E ?IS PO9T4 ,MEET+S W]E ATTACK$ ) MONOTON\S REGUL>ITY1 SOMETIMES PLAT=MS W]E SMA%$1 SOMETIMES ! SPEAK]S W]E VIOL5TLY H&L$4 ,MEET+S W]E BANN$ BY ! POLICE & FREE-SPEE* FI<TS W]E F\<T4 

,YET IT WAS NOTICEABLE ?AT ! 9FLU5CE ( ANTI-W> PROPAG&A WAS GR[+4 ,! CIRCULATIONS ( ANTI-W> PAP]S LIKE ,FRE$OM & ! ,SPUR GREW RAPIDLY4 ,! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE1 9 :I* MANY AN>*I/S & LIB]T>IANS W]E 9VOLV$1 WAS HOLD+ MEET+S 9 ,F9SBURY ,P>K & HAD ITS %>E ( DIFFICULTIES4 ,BUT ITS OPPOSITION TO ! W> /RUCK A SYMPA!TIC *ORD4 ,9 RESPONSE TO (FICIAL APPEALS TO ! UPP] CLASS TO RELEASE S]VANTS = >MY S]VICE ONE ( !M ASK$ ! CR[D1 0,HAVE Y\ GOT A SWEAT+ EMPLOY] OR A RACK-R5T+ L&LORD Y\ CAN SP>E8 ,LET HIM JO9 UP TO FI<T = HUMANITY1 = CIVILIZATION1 = DEMOCRACY1 = ! WOM5 & *ILDR51 = ALL ?OSE CAUSES 9 :I* HE HAS ALWAYS BE5 SO 5?USIA/IC40 ,BE=E ,D4,O4,R4,A4 CAME 9TO BE+ ! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE HAD GR[N FROM #e TO #e /RONG4.<#d#g#e.> ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI1 SPEAK+ AGA9/ ! W> 9 ,PLYM\?1 WAS ASK$ :AT HE W\LD DO IF ! C\NTRY W]E 9VAD$4 ,HE ANSW]$ ?AT IF ! PEOPLE WI%$ TO FI<T !N LET !M & IF ! GOV]NM5T REALLY TRU/$ ! PEOPLE !Y W\LD BE >M$4 ,BUT NO1 ! GOV]NM5T WANT$ ! W> TO BE UND] !IR CONTROL1 = !IR 5DS :I* W]E NOT ! PEOPLE'S 5DS4 ,HE WAS *E]$4 ,GALLA<] WAS TO RECALL A PIECE ( V]SE PA/$ UP NEXT TO EV]Y PO/] 9 ,GLASG[ ) ITS PICTURE ( ,KIT*5] SAY+ ',Y\R ,K+ & ,C\NTRY ,NE$ ,Y\'4 ,! V]SE RAN3 

,Y\R ,K+ & ,C\NTRY ,NE$ ,Y\ 

,YE H>DY SONS ( TOIL 

,BUT WILL Y\R ,K+ & ,C\NTRY NE$ Y\ 

,:5 !Y'RE %>+ \T ! SPOIL8.<#d#g#f.> 

,IT WAS BO? 9 RESPONSE TO ! GR[+ 9FLU5CE ( ANTI-W> PROPAG&A & ! BEG9N+S ( DIFFICULTIES OV] RECRUITM5T ?AT L$ TO ! PASS+ ( ,D4,O4,R4,A4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ON !RE W]E 9CREAS+ NUMB]S ( >RE/S & F9ES & JAIL+S = /ATEM5TS OR LIT]ATURE LIKELY TO PREJUDICE RECRUITM5T4 ,! HOMES ( PRIVATE 9DIVIDUALS W]E RAID$ & LIT]ATURE SEIZ$ ALL OV] ! C\NTRY4 ,! (FICES 9 ,LONDON & ,MAN*E/] W]E RAID$ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#e4 ,!RE WAS 9CREAS+ PROPAG&A 9 ! 'RESPECTABLE' PRESS = CONSCRIPTION4 ,! ACTIVITIES ( J+O CR[DS BECAME MORE DANG]\S1 & !Y W]E BE+ PROGRESSIVELY URG$ ON & -- IT WAS SUSPECT$ -- PAID BY ! C\NTRY'S 'LEAD]S ( OP9ION'4 ,CONSCRIPTION WAS 9TRODUC$ 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#f4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ON ! /RUGGLE TOOK ON A NEW BITT]NESS4 ,ALMO/ IMM$IATELY >RE/S W]E MADE = REFUSAL TO REGI/] = CONSCRIPTION4 ,MEET+S AGA9/ CONSCRIPTION W]E BROK5 UP BY J+OI/ CR[DS AT ,F9SBURY ,P>K & BY ! POLICE 9 ,H>LESD5 :]E AN>*I/S W]E ACTIVE4 ,H5RY ,S>A1 ,MEA*AM1 ,CORES1 TO M5TION BUT ?REE NAMES1 W]E >RE/$ SEV]AL TIMES & GIV5 %ORT T]MS ( JAIL OR F9$4 ,>RE/S W]E BE+ MADE = PRIVATE CONV]SATIONS :]E PEOPLE MADE /ATEM5TS 'PREJUDICIAL TO RECRUIT+'4 

,?OSE >RE/$ FIR/ = REFUSAL TO REGI/] W]E =CIBLY PUT 9 KHAKI4 ,H5RY ,S>A WAS >RE/$ ON #a#c? ,APRIL #a#i#a#f1 SAVAGELY BEAT51 PUT 9 KHAKI1 BEAT5 AGA9 = REFUS+ TO TAKE ORD]S & F9ALLY TRANSF]R$ TO ,P>KHUR/ JAIL4 ,HE WAS LUCKI] ?AN ! ?IRTY-F\R CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS :O W]E >RE/$1 PUT 9TO KHAKI1 TAK5 TO ,FRANCE & !RE S5T5C$ TO DEA? = REFUS+ TO OBEY ORD]S4 ,! S5T5CES W]E EV5TUALLY COMMUT$ AT ! LA/ M9UTE4 ,& ! GAME ) ! CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS BEGAN4 ,!Y W]E AT FIR/ GIV5 S5T5CES 9 PRISON ( SOME MON?S1 !N RETURN$ TO B>RACKS :]E !Y W\LD AGA9 REFUSE TO TAKE ORD]S4 ,?IS TIME !Y W\LD RECEIVE LONG] S5T5CES4 ,!N ! PROCESS WAS REPEAT$1 & !Y W\LD GET A FUR!R1 LONG] S5T5CE4 ,MANY TOOK ! OPTION ( ! ',HOME ,(FICE S*EME'4 ,?IS WAS WORK+ AT JOBS NOT CONNECT$ ) W> PRODUCTION1 ?\< (FICIALLY !Y HAD ACCEPT$ 9DUCTION 9TO ! >MY BY ACCEPT+ SU* WORK2 ,GUY ,ALDR$ REFUS$ TO REGI/]1 APPE>$ BE=E A C\RT 9 ,APRIL #aiaf & WAS S5T TO PRISON4 7,ROSE ,WITCOP N[ TOOK UP ! $ITOR%IP ( ! ,SPUR47 ,9 ,AUGU/1 ,ALDR$ DECID$ TO TAKE ! ,HOME ,(FICE S*EME & WAS S5T TO A GRANITE QU>RY AT ,DYCE NE> ,AB]DE54 ,H]E HE CONT9U$ HIS ANTI-W> PROPAG&A & BECAME A MEMB] ( ! CAMP COMMITTEE ) ,BON> ,?OMPSON4 ,ALDR$ & ,?OMPSON SPOKE ON ANTI-W> PLAT=MS AFT] WORK & AT WEEK5DS ALL OV] ,SCOTL&4 ,ALDR$ ALSO ISSU$ TWO NUMB]S ( AN ANTI-W> PAP] FROM ,DYCE 5TITL$ ! ,GRANITE ,E*O 9 ,OCTOB] & ,NOVEMB]4 ,YET ,ALDR$ WAS HAUNT$ BY ! FACT ?AT HE WAS NOT RESI/+ ! W> TO ! FULLE/ EXT5T & 9 ,NOVEMB] VOLUNT>ILY CEAS$ WORK AT ,DYCE & RETURN$ TO ,LONDON :]E HE WAS >RE/$ & S5T BACK TO PRISON4 

,MEAN:ILE ,FRE$OM & ! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR HAD BE5 RAID$ & ,KEELL & ,LILIAN ,WOLFE HAD GONE TO PRISON4 ,! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR1 A MON?LY S9CE ! \TBREAK ( W>1 9 ,APRIL #aiaf PR9T$ AN >TICLE CALL$ ',DEFY+ ! ,ACT'4 ,?IS WAS 0WRITT5 BY 'ONE ( ?OSE \TLAW$ 9 ! ,SCOTTI% HILLS1' CLAIM+ ?AT 'A NUMB] ( COMRADES FROM ALL P>TS ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 HAVE B&$ !MSELVES 9 ! ,HI<L&S1 ! BETT] TO RESI/ ! WORK+ ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,S]VICE ,ACT'4 ,LILIAN .<,WOLFE.> LAT] RECALL$ BE+ 9 B$ ) 9FLU5ZA :5 ! GR\P MET TO DISCUSS ! >TICLE1 '& ME1 ( ALL PEOPLE1 DISSUAD+ !M FROM CUTT+ \T P>T ( IT1 :I* A FEW ?\<T A BIT TOO MU*'4 ,9 ,MAY ! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR REPORT$ ! >RE/ ( MO/ ( ! \TLAWS1 & !RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT !RE W]E MORE ?AN A FEW PEOPLE 9VOLV$ = MORE ?AN A FEW WEEKS4 ,BUT ! IDEA WAS DANG]\S40.<#d#g#g.> ,A LEAFLET WAS MADE \T ( ! >TICLE1 #a1 W]E DI/RIBUT$ & SOME W]E 9T]CEPT$ BY ! POLICE4 ,AS A RESULT ! (FICE AT ,OSSUL/ON ,/REET WAS RAID$ & ,TOM ,KEELL & ,LILIAN ,WOLFE W]E >RE/$ & *>G$ ) DI/RIBUT+ A LEAFLET :I* W\LD PREJUDICE RECRUIT+4 ,!Y W]E BO? F9$1 & REFUS+ TO PAY ! F9E !Y W]E S5T TO PRISON1 ,KEELL = ?REE MON?S1 ,LILIAN ,WOLFE = TWO4 

,AS A RESULT ( ! RAID PR9T]S REFUS$ TO PR9T FUR!R ISSUES ( ! PAP]S4 ,NEV]!LESS ! PAP]S W]E CONT9U$4 ,P4,S4 ,MEA*AM1 :O HAD BE5 DO+ ! DONKEY WORK R\ND ! ,FRE$OM (FICE = SOME YE>S1 DESCRIBES H[ ?IS WAS DONE4 

,I W5T ) ,F4 ,SELL>S & ,A4 ,MANC] TO ! ,FRE$OM ,PRESS = NE>LY F\R MON?S 7,APRIL1 ,MAY1 ,JUNE1 ,JULY #a#i#a#f7 DAILY EXPECT+ >RE/ UND] ! ',MILIT>Y ,S]VICE ,ACT'4 ,I SP5T ONE WEEK1 AMID ! FRI5DLY *AFF+ ( COMRADES1 CLE>+ ! PR9T+ MA*9E & GETT+ IT 9 ORD]4 ,COMRADE ,SELL>S ! COMPOSITOR C\LD F9D NO PR9T]S :O W\LD MA*9E ,FRE$OM4 ,HE CAME D[N/AIRS LOOK$ AT ! MA*9E1 SI<$ & SAID WE %ALL DO NO?+ ) ?AT4 ,I ?\<T O!RWISE4 

,) EM]Y CLO?1 OIL CAN & SPANN] ,I SP5T FROM #hAM ON ,MONDAY MORN+ TILL #fPM ON ,SATURDAY -- ONE WEEK -- ,I SP5T DO+ NO?+ BUT TURN ! H&LE 9 HALF-H\R TO ONE-H\R %IFTS TO MAKE ! MA*9E RUN SMOO?LY4 ,AFT] ONE WEEK IT DID & WE W]E ABLE TO DEFY ! ATTEMPTS ( ! AU?ORITIES SO ?AT ,FRE$OM & ! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR W]E PR9T$ :IL/ ,KEELL WAS 9 PRISON4 ,F4 ,SELL>S1 ,A4 ,MANC] & MYSELF4 ,NO ONE HELP$ US ?OSE #ad DRE>Y WEEKS1 DAILY EXPECT+ >RE/1 TO BR+ \T ,FRE$OM4 ,SELL>S LAID ON ! PAP]1 ,I TURN$ ! :EEL = ONE-H\R SPELLS :I* ,MANC] TOOK (F4 ,MANC] GAVE ME T5 M9UTES' RE/4 ,9 ?IS MANN] ! PAP]S W]E BR\<T \T4 ,ON ,JULY #b#g? #a#i#a#f1 WE PR9T$ #d1 %EETS ON ONE SIDE4 ,CUT 9 HALF !SE W\LD HAVE MADE #h1 #d-PAGE ,FRE$OM PAP]S4 ,( !SE OV] #g1 W]E ORD]$ BUT ALAS ,A4 ,MANC] HAD A N]V\S BREAKD[N ON ! ,FRIDAY & C\LD NOT TURN UP TILL ON ! ,SATURDAY AM4 ,AT #iAM WE W]E RAID$ & IT WAS A F9I% AS F> AS WE W]E CONC]N$4 ,F\R MON?S -- #ah MON?S -- #b YE> S5T5CES = REFUS+ TO BECOME SOLDI]S 7! HIR$ ASSASS9S ( ! PROP]TI$ CLASS7 WAS ! FATE BO? ( ,COMRADE ,SELL>S & MYSELF -- ,MANC]'S CASE WAS TRAGIC4 ,WE F\ND HE HAD BE5 TAK+ DRUGS TO BONY HIMSELF UP -- ALAS TOO MU* DID HE TAKE -- ) ! RESULT -- A N]V\S COLLAPSE4 ,HE PUT ON ,KHAKI BUT ! LAMP /ILL FLICK]$4 ,HE DES]T$ FROM TIME TO TIME -- WALK+ TO ,LONDON SEEK+ ! HELP ( COMRADES TO HIDE FROM ! MILIT>Y4.<#d#g#h.> 

,9 ?IS RAID ! PRESS WAS SEIZ$4 ,HAD IT NOT BE5 = ! FRI5DLY S]VICES ( ! ,I4,L4,P4 PRESS ,FRE$OM W\LD HAVE BE5 /OPP$4 ,! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR CEAS$ PRODUCTION AFT] ,AUGU/ AS RESULT ( ! RAID & ! ?9N+ ( ! RANKS BY >RE/S UND] ! ,MILIT>Y ,S]VICE ,ACT4 ,FRE$OM1 ?\< IT WAS RAID$ TWICE MORE DUR+ ! W>1 MANAG$ TO CONT9UE TO APPE> & TR5*ANTLY OPPOSE ! W>4 

,! MOVEM5T 9 ! WORK%OPS1 FACTORIES1 ETC4 DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE HAS = ! MO/ P>T BE5 ! PRES]VE ( ,BOL%EVIK 9FLU5C$ HI/ORIANS4 ,EV5 ONE ( ! MO/ REC5T & DETAIL$ ACC\NTS1 ,K5DALL'S ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA91 %>ES NOT SO MU* A ,M>XI/ AS A ,L59I/ P]SPECTIVE4 ,! PROBLEMS RAIS$ BY ?IS MOVEM5T /ILL REMA9 UNEXAM9$ BY LIB]T>IANS1 & ! MASSIVE RESE>* GR\NDWORK NECESS>Y REMA9S UNDONE4 ,S9CE ! PURPOSE ( ! PRES5T BOOK IS TO CONSID] ! SPECIFICALLY AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SU* A MASSIVE PROJECT HAS NOT BE5 UND]TAK54 ,NEV]!LESS SOME REM>KS >E 9 ORD]4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT IMPORTANT SECTIONS ( ! W>TIME MOVEM5T =M$ ! NUCLEUS R\ND :I* ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS =M$4 ,?AT ?IS REPRES5T$ A CLEAN BREAK ) !IR PREVI\S ANTI-ELECTORAL1 ANTI-LEAD]%IP /ANCE IS UND]L9$ BY ,K5DALL4 ,YET :ILE ! MOVEM5T 9 W>TIME WAS CLE>LY AN EXT5SION ( ! PRE-W> DIRECT-ACTION MOVEM5T IT IS /ILL TOO MU* REG>D$ AS A /AG+ PO/ BETWE5 ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,REVOLT & ,BOL%EVISM4 ,ONE ( ! MAJOR DIFFICULTIES = ! LIB]T>IAN HI/ORIAN IS ?AT ! MILITANT ANTI-W> /ANCE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS A :OLE MEANT ?AT MANY AN>*I/S W]E 9 PRISON AS CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS & !IR /RUGGLES & TREATM5T W]E A MAJOR CONC]N ( ! AN>*I/ PRESS4 ,! DEC5TRALIZ$ DEVELOPM5T ( AN>*ISM 9 ! PRE-W> YE>S1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,S\? ,WALES & ,DURHAM BUT 9 O!R PLACES TOO1 MEANT ?AT ITS ACTIVITIES W]E OV]:ELM+LY LOCAL 9 ORI5TATION4 ,IT DID NOT REPORT TO ! AN>*I/ PRESS ) ANY REGUL>ITY4 ,?US ITS ACTIVITIES >E HIDD5 9 A WELT] ( LOCAL OCCURR5CES4 ,WE >E G5]ALLY GIV5 ONLY TANTALIZ+ GLIMPSES ( AN>*I/ ACTIVITY4 ,ONE ( ! M5 >RE/$ 9 ,GLASG[ 9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiaf AT ! SAME TIME AS ,JOHN ,MACLEAN WAS ,JACK ,SMI?1 AN 5G9E]+ WORK] AN>*I/ ASSOCIATE ( ,ALDR$'S4 ,! /RIKE COMMITTEE 9 ! ,CLYDE ,FEBRU>Y #aiae /RIKE MET 9 AN AN>*I/ BOOK%OP RUN BY A MAN NAM$ ,MC,GILL & HIS WIFE4 ,!Y RAN A PAP] & PLAY$ AN ACTIVE PROPAG&A ROLE ) ! DI/RIBUTION ( LIB]T>IAN PROPAG&A4 ,SU* EXAMPLES 9DICATE ?AT FUR!R RESE>* W\LD GIVE POSITIVE RESULTS4 

,YET ?IS RESE>* W\LD ( NECESSITY HAVE TO BE A G5]AL /UDY ( ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 ,?IS WAS AS TAK5 BY SURPRISE BY ! \TBREAK ( W> AS ANY SECTIONS ( ! LEFT4 ,! UNION LEAD]S REACT$ V>I\SLY4 ,9 ! M9+ 9DU/RY !Y MADE /R5U\S EF=TS TO PREV5T CONDITIONS BE+ UND]M9$4 ,9 5G9E]+1 ?+S W]E V]Y DIFF]5T4 ,H]E ! UNION LEAD]S1 9 ! NAME ( PATRIOTISM1 ?REW UP ALL ! CONDITIONS H>D WON OV] DECADES ( /RUGGLE4 ,!RE WAS NO SIGN ( A COMP>ABLE ?R[+ OV] ( PR(ITS4 ,YET BETWE5 ! \TBREAK ( W> & ,FEBRU>Y #aiae PRICES ROSE #bc P] C5T4 ,:]EAS A /RIKE BY M9]S WAS ?R\< ! UNION 9 ,M>* #aiae & WON A WAGE RISE COMM5SURATE ) ! CO/ ( LIV+1 ! ,CLYDE /RIKE ( ,FEBRU>Y #aiae WAS AGA9/ ! UNION AS WELL AS ! EMPLOY]S4 ,! RESULT ( ! UND]M9+ ( ! /&>D ( LIV+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ! PUSILLANIM\S ATTITUDE ( ! TRADES UNION LEAD]S 9 ! 5G9E]+ 9DU/RY L$ TO A MASSIVE 9CREASE ( 9FLU5CE ( ! %OP /EW>DS' MOVEM5T4 ,?IS WAS FUR!R UND]L9$ BY ! EXTREMELY L[ LEVEL ( UNEMPLOYM5T CAUS$ BY ! W>TIME %ORTAGE ( LABOR4 ,! 5G9E]+ 9DU/RY BECAME ! /ORM C5T] ( RANK-&-FILE OPPOSITION1 FIR/ TO ! EFFECTS ( ! W> & PROGRESSIVELY TO ! W> ITSELF4 ,FIR/LY1 !Y F\<T TO PRES]VE SOME SORT ( /&>D ( LIV+ 9 ! FACE ( SO>+ PR(ITS & PRICES4 ,SECONDLY1 !Y F\<T AGA9/ ! EFFECTS ( CONSCRIPTION4 ,?IS TOOK ! =M ( TRY+ TO KEEP AS MANY M5 AS POSSIBLE EXEMPT FROM CONSCRIPTION4 ,! FACT ?AT SKILL$ M5 /OOD ! BE/ *ANCE ( ESCAP+ DID LEAD TO AN ELEM5T ( CRAFT ELITISM4 ,NEV]!LESS A MASSIVE /RIKE 9 ,%EFFIELD :I* BEGAN TO SPREAD TO O!R C5T]S 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a#f1 :5 AN ,A4,S4,E4 MEMB] HAD BE5 'ILLEGALLY' CONSCRIPT$1 WAS ABLE TO =CE HIS RETURN FROM ,FRANCE4 

,?IS L$ TO A C\NT]-ATTACK ON ! P>T ( ! /ATE4 ,A /RIKE 9 ,B>R[ 9 ,M>* #aiag WAS DEFEAT$ BE=E SUPPORT C\LD BE ORGANIZ$ BY ! ?REAT ( MASS >RE/S4 ,TRADE C>D EXEMPTION WAS )DRAWN BY ! GOV]NM5T 9 ,APRIL #a#i#a#g4 ,A SMALL /RIKE OV] A LOCAL EXAMPLE ( DILUTION 9 ,RO*DALE SET (F A WAVE ( /RIKES :I* SPREAD OV] MANY C5T]S 9 ,5GL& -- ?\< NOT TO ,B>R[ & ,SCOTL& -- UNTIL BY MID-,MAY OV] #b1 M5 W]E ON /RIKE4 ,?IS WAS FUNDAM5TALLY AGA9/ ! )DRAWAL ( EXEMPTION4 ,! GOV]NM5T DET]M9$ ON A /RONG L9E & AT ! PO9T :]E ! ,LONDON /EW>DS W]E ATTEMPT+ TO CONTACT !IR ,GLASG[ COMRADES ! 'R+ LEAD]S' W]E >RE/$4 ,RA!R ?AN CREATE M>TYRS1 ! GOV]NM5T ?REAT5$ !M ) LIFE IMPRISONM5T1 & !Y SIGN$ AN AGREEM5T TO ABIDE BY A 'YELL[ DOG' >RANGEM5T MADE BY ,A4,S4,E4 (FICIALS ) ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! /RIKE WAVE RA!R FIZZL$ \T4 ,YET IT WAS EVID5T ?AT DISCONT5T WAS WIDESPREAD4 ,! SEEM+LY NEV]-5D+ DEM& = CANNON FODD] = ! BATTLEFIELDS1 ! MEAN+LESS SLAU<T]1 ! PRIVATIONS ( ! HOME POPULATION HAD ALL L$ TO 9CREAS+ W>-WE>9ESS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE WAS ! A/ONI%+ NEWS FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,! MO/ REACTION>Y GOV]NM5T 9 ,EUROPE HAD BE5 OV]?R[N BY A REVOLUTION6 

,! IMPACT ( ?IS EV5T %\LD NOT BE UND]E/IMAT$4 ,ANEUR9 ,BEVAN WAS LAT] TO RECALL 0! M9]S :5 !Y HE>D ?AT ! ,CZ>I/ TYRANNY HAD BE5 OV]?R[N1 RU%+ TO MEET EA* O!R 9 ! /REETS ) TE>S /REAM+ D[N !IR *EEKS1 %AK+ H&S & SAY+3 ',AT LA/ IT HAS HAPP5$'40.<#d#g#i.> 7,:5 ! NEWS REA*$ CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS 9 ! PRISONS !RE WAS GREAT EXCITEM5T4 ,ALMO/ IMM$IATELY /RIKES W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 ,WORMWOOD ,SCRUBS47 ,A WAVE ( /RIKES :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ,MAY #aiag ALMO/ C]TA9LY [$ SOME?+ TO ! NEWS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION = !IR ORIG9S4 ,A ,ROYAL ,COMMISSION ON ,9DU/RIAL ,UNRE/ 9 ,JUNE & ,JULY %[$ ?AT DISCONT5T 9 ! C\NTRY WAS AT A V]Y HI< LEVEL4 ,9 ,S\? ,WALES1 = EXAMPLE3 0,! 9FLU5CE ( ! 'ADVANC$' M5 IS GR[+ V]Y RAPIDLY & !RE IS GR\NDS = BELIEF ?AT UND] !IR LEAD]%IP ATTEMPTS ( A DRA/IC *>ACT] WILL BE MADE BY ! WORK+ CLASSES AS A :OLE TO SECURE DIRECT CONTROL BY !MSELVES ( !IR P>TICUL> 9DU/RIES40.<#d#h.> ,A CONV5TION WAS CALL$ 9 ,LE$S 9 ,JUNE #aiag TO DISCUSS ! SETT+ UP ( WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' C\NCILS4 ,?\< LITTLE CAME ( IT1 IT IS WOR? M5TION+ BECAUSE 9 ! SPEE*ES ( SU* UNLIKELY ,BOL%EVIKS AS ,RAMSAY ,MAC,DONALD WE CAN CLE>LY SEE ! /IRR+ ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEALS 9 ! PREVI\SLY MO/ MOD]ATE ( ! DELEGATES AS A RESULT ( ! NEWS FROM ,RUSSIA4 

,AS ! W> GR\ND T[>DS A CONCLUSION ! ?READS ( W>-WE>9ESS1 REVOLUTION>Y PACIFISM1 9DU/RIAL UNRE/1 MUT9\S RUMBL+S 9 ! >MY & NAVY & ! PROMISE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BEGAN TO COME TOGE!R4 ,!Y W]E NEV] TO BE FULLY 9TEGRAT$2 ! UNRE/ WAS DEC5TRALIZ$ ?\< MASSIVE2 BUT !RE WAS AN 9CREAS+ S5SE ( ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 !SE PH5OM5A4 ,9 #a#i#a#h1 ! LA/ YE> ( ! W>1 OV] #a1#a DISPUTES W]E RECORD$1 CO/+ NE>LY SIX MILLION MAN DAYS4 7,AMONG ! /RIK]S W]E ! ,LONDON POLICE47 ,OP5 MUT9Y WAS REPORT$ AMONG ,BRITI% TROOPS 9 ,FRANCE & ! LA/ LOADS ( CONSCRIPTS = ,FRANCE HAD TO BE UND] >M$ GU>D TO PREV5T DES]TIONS4 ,ALL ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y1 DIRECT-ACTION SECTS W]E GR[+ 9 NUMB]S & 9FLU5CE & O!RS W]E =M+4 

,9 #a#i#a#i1 ) ! PEACE1 ?IS SIMM]+ UNRE/ BOIL$ OV]4 ,NE>LY #ce MILLION MAN DAYS W]E LO/ 9 DISPUTES 9 :I* #ba MILLION WORK]S W]E 9VOLV$4 ,MUT9IES TO ACCEL]ATE DEMOBILIZATION W]E A REGUL> OCCURR5CE4 ,! LOYALTY ( TROOPS RETURN+ FROM ,FRANCE WAS SO L[ ?AT IT WAS CONSID]$ IMPOSSIBLE TO RELY ON !M %\LD CIVIL DISORD] BREAK \T4 ,! CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS 9 SEV]AL PRISONS W]E COMPLETELY \T ( CONTROL4 ,AFT] CELL WRECK+S & HUNG] /RIKES !Y W]E RELEAS$1 AT FIR/ ON P>OLE & !N UNCONDITIONALLY4 ,REVOLUTION>Y S5TIM5TS W]E WIDESPREAD4 ,BASIL ,?OMPSON1 ! ,SPECIAL ,BRAN* MAN 9 *>GE ( SURVEILLANCE ( DOME/IC UNRE/1 WRITES ( ,FEBRU>Y #aiai :5 A L>GE ',H&S ,(F ,RUSSIA' MEET+ TOOK PLACE3 0,!RE WAS A L>GE /RIKE ON ! ,CLYDE AT ! MOM5T1 & MANY ( ! SPEAK]S REALLY BELIEV$ ?AT IT WAS ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE :I* WAS TO M]GE 9TO ,REVOLUTION4 ,AT ?AT MOM5T WE W]E PROBABLY NE>] TO V]Y S]I\S DI/URBANCES ?AN WE HAVE BE5 AT ANY TIME S9CE ! ,BRI/OL ,RIOTS ( #a#h#c#a40.<#d#h#a.> 

,?AT !RE WAS NO REVOLUTION AT ?IS TIME CAN BE PUT D[N TO SEV]AL FACTORS4 ,REVOLUTIONS >E SELDOM CONSCI\SLY PLANN$1 !Y HAPP54 ,& USUALLY ! SP>K ?AT SETS !M (F IS SOME CRASS ACT ( OPPRESSION OR AN ATTEMPT AT IT BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! MOOD ( ! PEOPLE 9 #aiai WAS BELLICOSE4 ,YET :ILE ! ATMOSPH]E WAS ?ICK ) TALK ( REVOLUTION1 ! /RIKES & ! MUT9IES W]E OV]:ELM+LY = IMM$IATE DEM&S ?AT C\LD BE SETTL$4 ,AS LONG AS NO G5]AL CONFRONTATION WAS ALL[$ TO DEVELOP FROM :I* NEI!R SIDE C\LD )DRAW1 ! GOV]NM5T WAS SAFE4 ,! GOV]NM5T1 FUR!RMORE1 C\LD RELY ON ! MAJORITY ( MEMB]S ( TRADES UNION & ,LABOR ,P>TY HI]>*IES TO ACCEPT PIECEMEAL SETTLEM5TS4 ,! AU?ORITIES PLAY$ ?IS MO/ DIFFICULT SITUATION ) CONSUMMATE SKILL1 DELAY+1 TE/+ \T ! OPPOSITION1 )DRAW+ FROM NEGOTIATIONS1 REOP5+ !M1 >RE/+ PEOPLE H]E1 BUY+ !M (F !RE4 ,! REVOLUTION>IES1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?\< !Y SAW ) V>Y+ DEGREES ( CL>ITY ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! ACTIVITY >\ND !M1 & SAW 9 ,RUSSIA AN EXAMPLE ( :AT WAS POSSIBLE1 W]E NEV]!LESS ONLY ABLE TO >TICULATE G5]AL ASPIRATIONS RA!R ?AN CONCRETE ME?ODS4 ,9 ANY CASE MO/ ( !M W]E TOO BUSY 0MAK+ A /RIKE :5 WE %\LD HAVE BE5 MAK+ A REVOLUTION0 AS ,GALLA<] WAS LAT] TO REM>K4 ,ONE RESULT WAS ?AT ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT RAN D[N ! PLU<OLE ( ELECTIONE]+4 ,9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiai ! MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS GAVE ,LABOR A S]IES ( SWEEP+ VICTORIES :I* W]E TO BE ! F\NDATION = ! P>LIAM5T>Y VICTORIES ( #aibc :I* CONFIRM$ ! ,LABOR ,P>TY AS ! NEW ,OPPOSITION4 ,BY #aibd ! FIR/ EV] ,LABOR GOV]NM5T WAS COM+ 9TO (FICE4 ,! SITUATION HAD SLIPP$ FROM NE>-REVOLUTION TO ,RAMSAY ,MAC,DONALD 9 FIVE YE>S4 

,IT CAN ALSO BE >GU$ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE1 9ITIALLY SO 9SPIR+1 WAS TO PROVE MORE ( A H9DRANCE ?AN A HELP 9 ! CRUCIAL ?REE-YE> P]IOD AT ! 5D ( ! W>4 ,H>D NEWS FROM ,RUSSIA WAS RA!R DIFFICULT TO COME BY 9 ! YE>S BETWE5 #aiag & #a#i#a#i4 ,! NEWSPAP]S ( ! TIME1 P>TICUL>LY ?OSE ( A MORE EPILEPTICALLY RI<T-W+ T5D5CY1 W]E FULL ( /ORIES DESCRIB+ ! R&OM SLAU<T] ( =EIGN]S1 ! PLOTS ( ! ,ELD]S ( ,ZION1 ! NATIONALIZATION ( WOM5 & SO =?4 ,! ,OCTOB] 7,BOL%EVIK7 ,REVOLUTION WAS REPORT$ 9ITIALLY AS AN>*I/4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ !N ?AT A C]TA9 CONFUSION REIGN$ ON ! LEFT AS TO ! DIFF]5CES BETWE51 = EXAMPLE1 ! SOVIETS 7! SPONTANE\SLY =M$ PEOPLE'S C\NCILS7 & ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 :I* HAD CAPTUR$ SOME ( ! MORE IMPORTANT ONES & ON :OSE BEHALF IT CLAIM$ TO SPEAK4 ,?\< ! LEFT C\LD EASILY UNITE TO OPPOSE 9T]V5TION BY ,BRITA9 TO OB/RUCT ! ,REVOLUTION1 AN OPPOSITION %>$ BY MANY SOLDI]S & SAILORS IT*+ = EI!R 9SURRECTION OR DEMOBILIZATION1 ! NATURE ( ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF REMA9$ SOME?+ ( A MY/]Y4 ,FRE$OM REM>K$ ?AT 0,\R GREAT DIFFICULTY N[ADAYS IS ! LACK ( 9=MATION AB\T ! WORK+ M5 & WOM5 ( ,RUSSIA4 ,EV5 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA !RE >E #h MILLION 444 BESIDES ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 & WE WANT TO KN[ H[ !Y >E US+ !IR NEW-WON FRE$OM40.<#d#h#b.> ,IT WAS TO TAKE SOME TIME TO PROVE JU/ H[ CRUELLY UNTRUE W]E1 = EXAMPLE1 ,JACK ,TANN]'S WORDS :5 HE ASS]T$ ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 E>LY #a#i#a#i3 0,! COMMON [N]%IP ( ! L& IS P>T ( !IR PROGRAM1 H5CE !Y D]IVE FULL SUPPORT FROM ! PEASANTS4 444 ,9DU/RY IS ALSO CONTROLL$ BY COMMITTEES ( WORKM5 :O RECEIVE ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR 444 ONE ( ! BE/ FEATURES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS IS !IR PLAN ( 'DEC5TRALIZATION' :I* 9 ESS5CE IS A =M ( 'LOCAL AUTONOMY'40.<#d#h#c.> ,?IS1 AT A TIME :5 ! LABOR =CE ON ! ,RUSSIAN RAILWAYS HAD BE5 PUT UND] :AT AM\NT$ TO >MY DISCIPL9E1 ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T WAS BE+ 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! FACTORIES1 PEASANT 9SURRECTIONS W]E WIDESPREAD & ! ,BOL%EVIK POLICY ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM CALL$ = ! /RICTE/ CONTROL FROM ! C5T]6 

,! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y1 DIRECT-ACTION-ORI5T$ LEFT1 9CLUD+ ! AN>*I/S1 W]E T5D+ TO SEE 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ! CONSUMMATION ( !IR [N HOPES 9 ! ABS5CE ( SOLID 9=MATION4 ,SOME AN>*I/S1 P]HAPS ! MORE AB/RACTLY SECT>IAN ( !M1 W]E ASS]T+ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E A GOV]NM5T & AS SU* W]E NO BETT] ?AN ANY O!R GOV]NM5T4 ,SOME 9=MATION ON ,BOL%EVIK ANTI-AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES WAS BEG9N+ TO EM]GE 9 MID-#a#i#a#i 7?\< ! FIR/ ATTACKS HAD BE5 MADE OV] A YE> BE=E74 ,BUT ! BULK ( ! MOVEM5T1 9CLUD+ MO/ ( ! ACTIVI/S1 TOOK A LOT MORE CONV9C+4 ,& ?AT IS NOT H>D TO UND]/&2 ) ! CLASS W> RAG+ >\ND !IR E>S & ) SO MANY LIES BE+ TOLD AB\T ,RUSSIA1 !Y W]E MO/ UNWILL+ TO D5\NCE A REVOLUTION ?AT !IR DREAMS CLUNG TO4 ,9 REPLY TO AN ANTI-,BOL%EVIK LETT] FROM AN ,AU/RIAN AN>*I/1 ,GUY ,ALDR$1 = EXAMPLE1 WROTE 9 HIS PAP]3 

,I UND]/& COMRADE ,GROSSMAN IS OPPOS$ TO ,BOL%EVISM :]EAS ,I AM DEF9ITELY ,BOL%EVIK4 ,GROSSMAN CONT5DS ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS UNNECESS>Y4 ,I SUGGE/ TO HIM ?AT IT IS 9EVITABLE4 444 ,MY COMRADE FE>S ?AT1 EV5 UND] A ,SOVIET ADM9I/RATION1 A FI<T MU/ TAKE PLACE BETWE5 9TELLECTUAL & MANUAL UP/>TS = P[] & BUREAUCRATIC PO/S4 444 ,?IS W\LD BE A S]I\S OBJECTION1 IF ! DICTATOR%IP DID NOT WORK = ITS [N OV]?R[ & BY DE/ROY+ PROP]TY SOCIETY1 MAKE DIRECTLY = ! DAY :5 ! CONTROL ( P]SONS %ALL GIVE WAY TO ! ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S4 

,ALDR$ EV5 W5T SO F> AS TO SAY ?AT 0?OSE ,AN>*I/S :O OPPOSE ! DICTATOR%IP AS A TRANSITIONAL MEASURE >E GETT+ DANG]\SLY CLOSE TO SUPPORT+ ! CAUSE ( ! REACTION>IES4 444 ,IF AB/RACT ,AN>*ISM IS OPPOS$ TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 444 IT MU/ BE REPUDIAT$ BY EV]Y SOLDI] ( ! R$ FLAG40.<#d#h#d.> 

,HE WAS TO RE-EMPHASIZE ?IS PO9T 9 ! ISSUE ( ! FOLL[+ MON? 7,OCTOB]74 ,AS IF TO /RESS :]E ! ATT5TION ( MANY AN>*I/S WAS BE+ DIRECT$ HE ALSO WROTE3 0,AT ! PRES5T MOM5T ! 5TIRE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IS DRAW+ CLOS] & CLOS] TOGE!R ON A PLAT=M ( PRACTICAL REVOLUTION>Y EF=T4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE1 9CLUD+ A L>GE SECTION ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 >E SEEK+ SOME ORGANIZ$ & DISCIPL9$ MEANS ( EXPRESS+ !IR ,COMMUNI/ CONVICTIONS & ,BOL%EVIK AIMS40 ,AT ! SAME TIME HE WAS CALL+ = A 0DISCIPL9$ BOYCOTT ( ! BALLOT BOX40.<#d#h#e.> ,BUT 9 ,DECEMB] AN >TICLE BY ,GROSSMAN WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,ALDR$'S PAP] :I* SPELL$ \T AN>*I/ OBJECTIONS TO ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME1 NOT+ ITS SUPPRESSION ( ! AN>*I/S1 ITS >BITR>Y AU?ORIT>IANISM1 ITS GOV]NM5T BY DECREE1 ETC4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ! >TICLE W5T UNANSW]$4 ,BY ,AUGU/ #a#i#b1 ,ALDR$'S COMMITM5T TO ,BOL%EVISM BEGAN TO WAV]4 ,HE BEGAN TO QUALIFY HIS USE ( ! PHRASE 'DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT'1 MAK+ IT CLE> ?AT HE MEANT BY IT ONLY ! ACTIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT NECESS>Y TO DEF5D !IR REVOLUTION4 ,MOVES T[>DS COMMUNI/ UNITY W]E BE+ MADE BY ! C5TRAL CLIQUES ( V>I\S GR\PS1 & ?IS ,ALDR$ CRITICIZ$ ON ! GR\NDS ?AT UNITY %\LD BE MADE AT ! GRASS ROOTS & ANY O!R PROCESS C\LD ONLY CONTRADICT ! PR9CIPLES ( LOCAL AUTONOMY & M&AT$ DELEGATES4 ,HE QUALIFI$ HIS USE ( 'DISCIPL9E'1 ASS]T+ ?AT = HIM IT MEANT ONLY ! RI<T ( PEOPLE 9 REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS TO EXPECT ALL !IR MEMB]S TO WORK H>D & TO EXCLUDE ?OSE :O DID NOT3 C5TRALISM WAS NOT IMPLI$4 ,ALDR$1 IT W\LD SEEM1 WAS NOT A PROP] ,BOL%EVIK AT ALL4 

,YET ! MAJOR QUE/ION WAS TO BECOME ?AT ( ELECTORAL ACTIVITY4 ,?IS HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ AS 'ONLY' A TACTICAL QUE/ION4 ,YET ! ,BRITI% SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 IF IT HAD A TRADITION AT ALL1 HAD ONE ( BE+ L[ ON G5]AL PHILOSOPHY BUT 9T5SELY CONC]N$ ) DAY-TO-DAY TACTICS4 ,!SE W]E A MATT] ( PR9CIPL$ COMMITM5T4 ,9 ,BRITI% SOCIALI/ POLITICS IT WAS A *ANGE ( TACTICS ?AT BY IMPLICATION =C$ A *ANGE 9 G5]AL POLITICAL COMMITM5T RA!R ?AN ! O!R WAY R\ND4 ,& ( !SE TACTICAL CONSID]ATIONS1 ELECTORAL ACTIVITY HAD M>K$1 BY IMPLICATION1 ! B\ND>Y ?AT SEP>AT$ RE=MI/S FROM REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS HAD BE5 ASS]T$ BY ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & CONFIRM$ BY ! C>E] ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 ,IT HAD BE5 REAFFIRM$ BY ! SYNDICALI/ REBELS 9 ! FACE ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY'S C>E] AFT] #a#i#f4 ,= REVOLUTION>IES 9 ,BRITA9 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANISM WAS AN >TICLE ( FAI?4 ,IT IS ) ?IS 9 M9D ?AT WE %\LD CONSID] ! %OCK WAVE ?AT PASS$ ?R\< ! REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS :5 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 F\ND$ 9 #a#i#a#i1 ANN\NC$ ?AT ALL MEMB]-P>TIES %\LD TAKE P>T 9 ELECTIONS & :5 ,L59 UND]L9$ ?IS 9 HIS ,LEFT-,W+ ,COMMUNISM3 ,AN ,9FANTILE ,DISORD] & 9SI/$ FUR!RMORE ?AT ANY ,5GLI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY %\LD AFFILIATE ) ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,?IS WAS ! CAUSE ( MU* RES5TFUL DEBATE AMONG ,BRITI% W\LD-BE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEMB]S ) ! ,MOSC[ SEAL ( APPROVAL4 ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ CROSS$ SWORDS ) ,L59 9 H] ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T4 ,ALDR$ D5\NC$ :AT HE CALL$ ,L59'S FATAL COMPROMISE4.<#d#h#f.> ,AT ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,MOSC[ 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#b1 ,GALLA<] PLEAD$ ) ! DELEGATES NOT TO =CE UPON ! ,SCOTTI% REVOLUTION>IES P>LIAM5T>Y 0RESOLUTIONS :I* !Y >E NOT 9 A POSITION TO DEF5D1 BE+ CONTRADICTORY TO ALL !Y HAVE BE5 /&+ = UNTIL N[40.<#d#h#g.> ,TANN] TOLD ! CONGRESS3 0,MO/ ( ! ACTIVE M5 .<9 ! %OP /EW>DS' MOVEM5T.> HAVE BE5 MEMB]S ( ! POLITICAL SOCIALI/ P>TIES BUT HAVE LEFT !M BECAUSE !Y W]E NOT TRAVEL+ ALONG ! RI<T ROAD40.<#d#h#h.> ,NEV]!LESS1 9 ! FACE ( ,BOL%EVIK 9SI/5CE & PRE/IGE1 ! CONGRESS UNANIM\SLY 5DORS$ ! ,RUSSIAN POSITION4 ,9DE$ SOME DELEGATES1 LIKE ,GALLA<] = EXAMPLE1 SEEM TO HAVE COME BACK COMPLETELY BRA9WA%$4 

,= ?OSE LIB]T>IANS :O W]E 9CAPABLE ( SWALL[+ ELECTORAL POLITICS ! PROGRESS ( ! UNITY NEGOTIATIONS 9 #aib DID NOT 5C\RAGE P>TICIPATION4 ,! 9VOLVEM5T ( ! ,B4,S4,P4 WAS AN 9SULT AS F> AS !Y W]E CONC]N$1 TA9T$ AS IT WAS1 9 !IR OP9ION1 ) OPPORTUNISM & ELECTIONS4 ,! HOLE-&-CORN] POLITICK+ ?AT WAS GO+ ON1 ) ,RUSSIAN MONEY TO EASE ANY *ANGE ( PR9CIPLES2 ! /RANGE B$ FELL[S ?AT ?IS BEGAN TO ATTRACT ALL ?IS LEFT A BAD TA/E 9 ! M\?4 ,ROSE ,WITCOP COMM5T$ 9 A BITT] >TICLE1 DESIGN$ 9 P>T AS AN ANSW] TO A CORRESPOND5T :O 9QUIR$ :Y ,ALDR$ WAS NOT PLAY+ A PROM95T P>T 9 UNITY NEGOTIATIONS3 0,! PIONE]S ( ,COMMUNISM 9 ?IS C\NTRY :O /OOD = ! ',COM+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION' & UND]/OOD :AT !Y MEANT :ILE !SE ELEV5? H\R CONV]TS W]E URG+ MUNICIPAL PAWN%OPS1 HAVE /RUGGL$ AGA9/ P>LIAM5T>IANISM = YE>S40 ,BUT N[ 0Y\ MAY BE A COMMUNI/ & BELIEVE 9 ALL ! EXPLOD$ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT !ORIES2 ! *IEF ?+1 9DE$ ! ONLY ?+1 IS ?AT Y\ MU/ BELONG TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,9/EAD ( ASK+ :Y ,ALDR$'S NAME IS NOT 9CLUD$ 9 ! LI/ ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD]S1 \R COMRADE %\LD HAVE ASK$ :Y ! NAMES ( ,>?UR ,H5D]SON & ,MRS ,SN[DON W]E OMITT$40.<#d#h#i.> 7,! LATT] TWO W]E PROM95T RI<T-W+ ,LABOR ,P>TY HACKS47 ,BY ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#a1 ,ALDR$ & ! GR\PS CONNECT$ ) HIM W]E FIRMLY AGA9/ AFFILIATION TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,YET ! DESP]ATE S]I\SNESS ) :I* ! PROBLEM HAD BE5 CONSID]$ WAS SIGNIFICANT4 ,IT WAS N[ CLE> ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD BECOME A C5TRAL CONC]N ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT & ?AT N[ IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO GET ON ) ! MATT]S 9 H& )\T CONT9U\S GLANCES OV] ! %\LD] AT ! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE4 ,IT M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( A *ANGE 9 ! T]MS ( LEFT-W+ POLITICS :I* 9 ! 5D C\LD ONLY BE DE/RUCTIVE ( LIB]T>IANISM4 ,& P]HAPS NOT ONLY ( LIB]T>IANISM4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY =M$ AT ! 5D ( #aib WAS /ILL1 9 =M1 REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,5GLI% LEFT-W+ TRADITION4 ,IT WAS RAPIDLY TO BE ,BOL%EVIZ$2 ) /RICT C5TRALISM 5=C$ BY #a#i#b#c4 ,BUT ALREADY ! DISPUTES & BAD FEEL+ :I* ITS =MATION HAD GIV5 RISE TO HAD HAD !IR EFFECT4 ,AN 9DU/RIAL CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,TIMES WAS TO REM>K ) SOME SATISFACTION 9 #a#i#b#a3 0,IT IS NOT TOO MU* TO SAY ?AT ,BOL%EVISM1 HAS BECOME A S\RCE ( WEAKNESS RA!R ?AN /R5G? 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,& NOT 9 ?IS C\NTRY ONLY4 ,EV]Y:]E IT HAS BE5 A S\RCE ( EMBITT]$ DISCORD & RA!R A HAMM] TO BREAK UP RA!R ?AN A CEM5T TO UNITE40.<#d#i.> 

,! NUMB] ( GR\PS :O REMA9$ \TSIDE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! LEVEL ( !IR ACTIVITY HAS BE51 P]HAPS1 UND]E/IMAT$4 7,AFT] ALL1 IT HAD BE5 CLAIM$ ?AT #b1 PEOPLE W]E REPRES5T$ 9 UNITY NEGOTIATIONS1 :ILE 9 #aiba ! P>TY ONLY HAD A MEMB]%IP ( BETWE5 ?REE & FIVE ?\S&47 ,BUT ! PRE/IGE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT ) !M & ?IS1 TAK5 TOGE!R ) A LACK ( SUBSIDY & SUDD5 *ANGES 9 ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SITUATION1 WAS TO MAKE !IR WORK WELL NI< IMPOSSIBLE4 ,= ! PO/W> BOOM COLLAPS$ SUDD5LY4 ,BY ! 5D ( #aib !RE W]E ?REE QU>T]S ( A MILLION PEOPLE UNEMPLOY$2 BY ,JUNE #a#i#b#a1 TWO MILLION4 ,BY ! 5D ( #a#i#b#a1 WAGE CUTS HAD BE5 =C$ ON SIX MILLION WORK]S4 ,!RE W]E DEF5SIVE /RIKES1 BITT]LY F\<T4 ,BUT ! MOOD HAD *ANG$2 PEOPLE :O 9 #aiai HAD BE5 %\T+ = REVOLUTION W]E N[ LOOK+ = WORK4 ,! UNEMPLOY$1 IT IS TRUE1 RAPIDLY BECAME A PROBLEM TO ! AU?ORITIES ?R\< !IR TURBUL5CE BUT !Y HAD NO ECONOMIC PRESSURE TO BR+ LIKE /RIK]S HAVE4 ,9 ! ATMOSPH]E ( GNAW+ ANXIETY ?AT ANY SLUMP 9DUCES1 NO MATT] H[ MU* IT IS MIX$ UP ) ANG] & BITT]NESS1 ! AU?ORITIES FELT CONFID5T 5\< TO SUDD5LY MOVE AGA9/ ! 'DANG]\S AGITATORS'4 ,! AU?ORITIES HAD BE5 BADLY FRI<T5$ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#b4 ,! ,RUSSIAN SUCCESSES 9 !IR W> AGA9/ 9T]V5TIONI/ ,POL& HAD BR\<T AB\T ! ?REAT ( W> ON ! ,RUSSIANS FROM ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T4 ,9 AN ALMO/ REFLEX ACTION ! :OLE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T HAD RESPOND$ TO ! ?REAT ( W> ) ! ?REAT ( A G5]AL /RIKE4 ,IT WAS ?IS ?REAT AS MU* AS ! SUBSEQU5T REV]SES ( ! ,RUSSIAN =TUNES ?AT 5SUR$ ?AT W> WAS NOT DECL>$4 ,! SLUMP GAVE ! GOV]NM5T ITS *ANCE TO TAKE ITS REV5GE -- OR TO 0CRACK D[N ON SUBV]SIVE ELEM5TS0 IF ?AT V]SION IS PREF]R$4 ,9 #aiba OV] #a 'COMMUNI/S' W]E >RE/$ & JAIL$ = V>IATIONS ON ! !ME ( S$ITION4 ,ONE ( !M WAS ,GUY ,ALDR$4 ,HE & ,ROSE ,WITCOP HAD RUN ! ,SPUR 7! SUCCESSOR TO ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT7 AS 9DIVIDUALS1 & ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P HAD DECID$ ?AT A 'P>TY' ORGAN WAS REQUIR$4 ,?IS DULY APPE>$ AS ! ,R$ ,COMMUNE 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#a4 ,ALDR$ & ?REE O!RS W]E >RE/$ & *>G$ ) S$ITION = ITS DECL>ATIONS 9 FAVOR ( ! 0DE/RUCTION ( ,P>LIAM5T>Y GOV]NM5T & ! SUB/ITUTION ( ! ,SOVIET OR REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' SY/EM ( ADM9I/RATION40 ,ALDR$ WAS KEPT 9 PRISON = F\R MON?S AWAIT+ TRIAL & WAS EV5TUALLY S5T5C$ TO A YE> 9 PRISON4 ,HIS COMPANIONS W]E JAIL$ = ?REE MON?S4 ,! ,R$ ,COMMUNE & ! ,SPUR NEV] REAPPE>$4 

,:]E ! GOV]NM5T REPRESSION C\LD NOT DO ! JOB ! ECONOMIC DEPRESSION WAS MORE EFFECTIVE4 ,REVOLUTION>Y MORALE DROPP$ CATA/ROPHICALLY4 ,WILLY ,GALLA<] WAS LAT] TO SAY ?AT :]EAS 9 #aiah #a1 PEOPLE HAD M>*$ ON ,MAY ,DAY 9 ,GLASG[1 9 #aibd ONLY #a C\LD BE MU/]$4 ,! EFFECT ( ?IS ON ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT \TSIDE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WAS PR$ICTABLE4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,DREADN\<T1 = EXAMPLE1 :I* SURVIV$ ! REPRESSION & ! JAIL+ ( ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/1 QUIETLY FOLD$ 9 #aibd -- 9T]E/+LY 5\< ON A PROGRESSIVELY AN>*I/ NOTE4 

,DUR+ ! PO/W> P]IOD WE HAVE DESCRIB$ ! '(FICIAL' AN>*I/ MOVEM5T R\ND ,FRE$OM PROCE$$ ALONG WELL-WORN GROOVES4 ,FRE$OM REMA9$ MORE OR LESS DISCONNECT$ FROM EV5TS1 BUT AN>*I/S CONT9U$ TO SPEAK ON /REET CORN]S & TAKE P>T 9 ! ACTIVITIES >\ND !M4 ,! ATTRACTION ( ,RUSSIA WAS /RONG1 P>TICUL>LY :5 ! ,REVOLUTION WAS VIEW$ AS ,SOVIET RA!R ?AN ,BOL%EVIK4 ,AN UNWILL+NESS TO PLAY 9TO ! H&S ( REACTION>IES ALSO L$ !M TO /IFLE CRITICISM4 ,EV5 :5 OV]:ELM+ EVID5CE BECAME AVAILABLE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E SY/EMATICALLY P]SECUT+ ALL !IR POLITICAL OPPON5TS IT WAS NEV]!LESS POSSIBLE = ,JOHN ,TURN] TO GO ON A ,T4,U4,C4 DELEGATION TO ,RUSSIA &1 DESPITE PRIVATE D\BTS1 SIGN ! REPORT :I* REPRES5T$ A GL[+ ADV]TISEM5T = ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,NOT ?AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS 9EFFECTIVE2 IT /ILL F\ND AN AUDI5CE4 ,ONE ACTIVI/ WAS TO WRITE3 

,:5 WE RESUM$ 9 #aiai & HAD OPPOSITION FROM PAID SPEAK]S 444 ,I WAS SURPRIS$ TO F9D ?AT \R PROPAG&A PREVI\S TO ! W> & DUR+ SAME TILL ,APRIL '#a#f HAD BE5 SO EFFECTIVE4 ,! QUE/IONS PUT BY SYMPA?IZ]S MADE !SE MEET+S 9EFFECTIVE1 SO MU* SO ?AT WE DID NOT REF] TO ! OPPOSITION :5 SPEAK+4 ,LOCALLY \R GR\PS MEET 9DOORS AT DIFF]5T COMRADES' H\SES1 SOME WEEKLY1 SOME =TNI<TLY1 SOME MON?LY4 444 ,I ALWAYS F9D ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ATTACK+ ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ IDEAS 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ,LONDON4 ,AT \R MEET+S IT IS ONLY #a 9 #a TIMES ?AT ! AUDI5CE CAN /& ON ! PAVEM5T4 ,EV]Y YE>1 REGUL> AS CLOCKWORK WE GET AG5TS PROVOCATEURS TRY+ TO BREAK UP \R MEET+S & TRAP US '9TO MAK+ /ATEM5TS LIABLE TO LEAD TO >RE/'4.<#d#i#a.> 

,YET ! OPTIMISM ( ?IS ACC\NT 7WRITT5 9 #a#i#b#h7 MU/ BE COMP>$ ) ! ACC\NT ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN GIVES4 ,%E >RIV$ 9 ,5GL& FROM ,RUSSIA 9 #aibd ) ! 9T5TION ( R\S+ PROTE/S AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIK P]SECUTION ( AN>*I/S -- :I* %E HAD SE5 AT FIR/ H&4 ,A SMALL COMMITTEE ( PEOPLE GR\P$ R\ND ,FRE$OM ATTEMPT$1 ON H] 9ITIATIVE1 TO PUBLICIZE ! SITUATION BUT ) LITTLE SUCCESS4 ,P]HAPS %E CONC5TRAT$ TOO MU* ON 'PROM95T P]SONALITIES'2 P]HAPS H] ,FRE$OM ASSOCIATES W]E NOT CLOSELY 5\< ATTA*$ TO ! MOVEM5T AT L>GE2 YET %E CONV9C+LY PORTRAYS ! ANTI-,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK MOOD ( ! TIMES4 ,ONE SOCIALI/ TOLD H]3 0,IT W\LD SPELL POLITICAL DISA/] TO MY P>TY TO DECL>E TO ITS CON/ITU5TS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD SLA9 ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,( ! ,BRITI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T %E SAYS3 0,! OLD] REBELS W]E DISILLUSION$ BY ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! Y\NG] G5]ATION1 AS F> AS IT WAS 9T]E/$ 9 IDEAS 7:I* WAS LITTLE 5\<7 WAS C>RI$ AWAY BY ! ,BOL%EVIK GLAM\R40.<#d#i#b.> ,MEET+S ORGANIZ$ BY H] COMMITTEE MET ) LITTLE RESPONSE4 0,NOT EV5 9 MY PIONE] DAYS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES10 %E SAID1 0HAD ,I F\ND IT SO BITT] TO BREAK NEW GR\ND AS ,I DID 9 ?IS V5TURE40.<#d#i#c.> 

,! COLLAPSE ( AN>*I/ SELF-CONFID5CE 9 ! L#i#bS WAS AS RAPID AS IT HAD BE5 9 ! MID-#a#h#iS4 ,BY #aibd ! MOVEM5T WAS 9 DEEP DEPRESSION & DIS>RAY4 ,BY ! TIME ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE ( #aibf ! MOVEM5T WAS SO FRAGM5T$ ?AT AN>*I/S W]E ONLY ABLE TO TAKE P>T 9 ?AT /RUGGLE ON AN 9DIVIDUAL BASIS4 ,! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE REPRES5T$ ! LA/ RESURG5CE ( ! SPIRIT ( #a#i#a-#a#i#b2 AS IF FROM SLUMB] PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES & ?AT ORGANIZATION WAS /ILL DEVELOP+ :5 ! TRADES UNION LEAD]S CALL$ (F ! /RIKE AFT] A LITTLE MORE ?AN A WEEK4 ,9DE$ ONE REASON = ! CALL+ (F ( ! /RIKE WAS ?AT ! TRADES UNION LEAD]S SAW !IR GRIP ON ! SITUATION SLIPP+4 ,?AT !IR GRIP HAD NOT COMPLETELY SLIPP$ IS ILLU/RAT$ BY ! WAY ! ORD] TO RETURN TO WORK WAS OBEY$4 ,BUT ! DEFEAT ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE HAD CATA/ROPHIC CONSEQU5CES = AN>*ISM4 0,! UNIONS W]E BEAT54 ,SYNDICALISM -- 'DIRECT ACTION' -- W]E DEAD = A G5]ATION & MORE40.<#d#i#d.> ,& ! SPIRIT :I* ! POPUL> COMMITM5T TO DIRECT ACTION AS A G5]AL PR9CIPLE REPRES5T$ WAS ! ESS5TIAL ELEM5T :I* ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T NE$$ TO SU/A9 IT4 ,9 #a#i#b#g1 IT APPE>$ TO CONTEMPOR>IES1 AN>*ISM WAS DEAD4 ,AS IF TO M>K ITS PASS+ ,FRE$OM CEAS$ PUBLICATION4 

,?IS CAUS$ A GREAT FLURRY 9 ! *ICK5 COOP -- ?\< ! WORD '*ICK5' IS P]HAPS 9ADVISABLE1 S9CE MO/ ( ! P>TICIPANTS W]E AG+ VET]ANS4 ,KEELL1 :O HAD $IT$ ! PAP] UP TO ?IS PO9T1 WANT$ TO REMOVE TO ,:ITEWAY COLONY1 TAK+ ! PAMPHLETS ( ! MOVEM5T ) HIM & CONT9U+ TO KEEP 9 PO/AL CONTACT ) ! MOVEM5T4 ,FRE$OM1 HE DECL>$1 HAD TO BE CLOS$ D[N DUE TO LACK ( SUPPORT4 ,A GR\P ( VET]ANS :I* 9CLUD$ ,GEORGE ,CORES1 ,AMBROSE ,B>K] & ,JOHN ,TURN] 7PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 AN>*I/S1 BE IT NOT$1 FROM ! TIME ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE7 DEM&$ ! RI<T TO TAKE OV] ! PAP] & W]E PREP>$1 !Y SAID1 TO PAY ! DEBTS 9VOLV$4 ,KEELL SAID ?AT 0,= MANY YE>S !SE PEOPLE HAVE NEV] COME NE> US TO HELP & HAVE NEV] LIFT$ A F+]1 LET ALONE !IR VOICE 9 ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 444 ,WE HAVE A RI<T & WE %ALL EX]CISE ?AT RI<T TO DECIDE :]E ,FRE$OM ,PRESS LIT]ATURE %ALL BE H\S$40.<#d#i#e.> ,HIS 5EMIES REPLI$ 9 TURN ?AT ,KEELL HAD MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = ANY ( !M TO WORK ) HIM1 ?AT HE HAD MADE ,FRE$OM HIS [N FAMILY AFFAIR4 ,!Y FUR!R ALLEG$ ?AT ,KEELL WAS N[ DUE = RETIREM5T BUT C\LD ONLY DRAW HIS P5SION FROM ! ,SOCIETY ( ,COMPOSITORS IF HE NO LONG] WORK$ AT HIS TRADE4 ,HE WAS BE+ DOG 9 ! MANG] AB\T ! :OLE AFFAIR1 !Y SAID1 IF HE C\LD NOT RUN ,FRE$OM !N HE WAS NOT GO+ TO LET ANYBODY ELSE DO IT4 ,ALL ! MUTUAL RECRIM9ATIONS ( #a#i#a#d-#a#i#a#e :5 ,KEELL HAD ALLEG$LY 'SEIZ$' ,FRE$OM W]E REVIV$4 ,NEV]!LESS ,FRE$OM DID CLOSE D[N & ,KEELL RETIR$ TO ,:ITEWAY TAK+ ! PAMPHLETS ) HIM4 ,FROM #aibh TO #aicb HE ISSU$ AN OCCASIONAL ,FRE$OM ,BULLET9 FROM ,:ITEWAY4 ,! VET]ANS W]E ONLY ABLE TO RE/>T ,FRE$OM 9 #a#i#c4 ,IT WAS TO CONT9UE UNTIL #a#i#c#c1 ?\< ONLY AGA9/ GREAT ODDS :I*1 = EXAMPLE1 CAUS$ IT TO R$UCE ITS SIZE 9 #a#i#c#b4 ,IT IS A CURI\SLY DEPRESS+ PAP] ) MEMORIES ( ! OLD DAYS 9T]SP]S$ ) OBITU>IES4 

,9 HOLES & CORN]S ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SURVIV$4 ,!RE W]E OCCASIONAL /REET-CORN] SPEAK]S -- MY FRI5D ,GEORGE ,CUMM+S REMEMB]$ ,GEORGE ,FRO/ SPEAK+ ON ',P5NILESS ,HILL' 9 ,HUNSLET1 ,LE$S4 

,ALB]T ,MELTZ]1 :O CAME 9TO ! MOVEM5T 9 ! MID-#a#i#cS1 WAS TO COME ACROSS ! LA/ REMNANTS ( ! ONCE P[]FUL ,WEL% M9]S' AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,HE M5TIONS ,JIM ,COLTON -- :O M>RI$ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN TO GIVE H] ,BRITI% CITIZ5%IP -- ONCE ONE ( A NUMB] ( 0POPUL> ,WEL% & ,5GLI% SPEAK]S .<:O.> W]E O/RACIZ$1 ?R[N \T ( !IR JOBS & HAD TO FI<T GRIMLY TO KEEP !IR PLACE 9 ! ,UNION -- BECAUSE !Y OPPOS$ ! DICTATOR%IP 9 ,RUSSIA40 ,HE DESCRIBES H[ HE W5T 9 #ai* 0TO SPEAK AT A LOCAL ,I4,L4,P4 MEET+ ON ,SPA9 9 A ,WEL% VALLEY4 ',TAKE C>E ( ?OSE AT ! BACK1' :ISP]$ ! *AIRMAN4 ',?OSE >E ! ,WRECK+ ,BRIGADE4' ,!Y W]E A GR\P ( ,WEL%-SPEAK+ WOM5 :O TOOK GREAT PLEASURE 9 'GIV+ HELL' TO ! ,LABOR & ,C4,P4 SPEAK]S -- ESPECIALLY ) 'T(FEE-NOS$' ,5GLI% ACC5TS4 ,BUT TO !IR1 & MY1 DELI<T WE PROV$ TO BE FELL[-,AN>*I/S4 ,! ',LA/ ( ! ,MOHICANS' 9 ! VALLEY W]E F\R WOM51 & TWO ELD]LY M9]S40.<#d#i#f.> ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] TOLD ME ?AT :5 HE BECAME AN AN>*I/ HE WAS ! ONLY Y\NG P]SON 9 AN OLD PEOPLE'S MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS ON ?IS RA!R DEPRESS+ NOTE ?AT ?IS HI/ORY CLOSES4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ae -- ,ADD$4 

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