,*APT] #ad 
,! ,9SURG5T ,VIRUS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,QUAIL 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a#d4 ,! ,9,S,U,R,G,5,T ,V,I,R,U,S 

,! P]IOD #aia TO #aiad & ! SUBSEQU5T P]IOD DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE & ITS AFT]MA? >E AMONG ! MO/ 9T]E/+ 9 ,BRITI% HI/ORY = ! HI/ORIAN ( WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5TS4 ,!Y >E ALSO ! MO/ DIFFICULT TO WRITE AB\T1 ! V]Y SCALE ( EV5TS REQUIR+ A GREAT DEAL ( DETAIL$ ORIG9AL RESE>* ORGANIZ$ BY ! SKILLS ( AN EPIC NOVELI/4 ,SU* A BOOK1 ?\< BADLY NE$$1 HAS NOT YET BE5 WRITT54 ,C]TA9LY ! PRES5T WORK IS NOT 9T5D$ TO FILL ?AT GAP4 ,IT IS1 H[EV]1 PREP>ATIVE TO SU* A WORK 9 ?AT IT RE/ORES TO NOTICE ! ALMO/ COMPLETELY IGNOR$ AN>*I/ CONTRIBUTION4 ,?IS IS NOT DONE 9 ! SPIRIT ( :AT HAS BE5 CALL$ ! ,JEWI% ,*RONICLE /YLE ( HI/ORY WRIT+3 ?AT J\RNAL )\T APP>5T SELECTION1 HI]>*Y OR RELEVANCE LI/S EV]Y PASS+ A*IEVEM5T ( ,JEWS BECAUSE !Y >E ,JEWS4 ,IT IS NOT ! 9T5TION H]E TO LI/ EV]Y ACTIVITY ( AN>*I/S 9 ! P]IOD1 )\T REF]5CE TO SIGNIFICANCE OR CONTEXT1 BECAUSE !Y >E AN>*I/S4 

,! AN>*I/S >E IMPORTANT BECAUSE !Y REPRES5T ! ONLY LEFT-W+ T5D5CY TO PREC$E ! P]IOD ( ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,REVOLT ) AN IDEOLOGY ?AT H>MONIZ$ ) IT & :I* GREW AS A RESULT ( ?OSE EV5TS4 ,AN>*I/S W]E 9CREAS+LY ACTIVE UP TO #a#i#a#d4 ,9 A V]Y REAL WAY ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,REVOLT 9 ?IS E>LI] P]IOD WAS N\RI%+ TO1 & A TE/+ GR\ND =1 AN>*ISM4 ,! SUCCESSES ( ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T W]E ! SUCCESSES ( AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ANY:]E & ITS FAIL+S W]E 7& >E7 ! MO/ WORRY+ ONES = AN>*I/S4 

,YET W\LD IT NOT HAVE BE5 SURPRIS+ IF !RE HAD BE5 NO AN>*I/ DIM5SION TO ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,REVOLT8 ,! /RIKES ( ! P]IOD 7NOT TO M5TION RELAT$ EV5TS7 W]E M>K$ BY SPONTANEITY & SOLID>ITY AT A QUITE EXTRAORD9>Y LEVEL :I* CULM9AT$ 9 :AT AM\NT$ TO A S]IES ( LOCAL IF NOT QUITE NATIONAL G5]AL /RIKES4 ,! WORK+-CLASS MILITANTS AT ! /ORM C5T]S W]E HO/ILE TO OR IGNOR$ ! REPRES5TATIVE POLITICAL SY/EM AT LOCAL OR NATIONAL LEVEL4 ,!Y IMPATI5TLY SWEPT ASIDE !IR UNION LEAD]S :5 !IR DEM&S W]E NOT MET 9 NEGOTIATIONS4 ,!Y %[$ GREAT READ9ESS = CONFLICT ) ! =CES ( LAW & ORD]1 & A P]CEPTIVE M9ORITY PAID SOME ATT5TION TO !IR SUBV]SION4 ,IT W\LD 9DE$ HAVE BE5 REM>KABLE IF NONPOLITICAL DIRECT ACTION DID NOT BECOME G5]ALIZ$ 9TO SELF-CONSCI\S AN>*ISM TO A SIGNIFICANT EXT5T4 

,M5 & WOM5 CAN BE DRIV5 TO DESP]ATE ACTS BY DEPRIVATION1 YET DEPRIVATION DOES NOT NECESS>ILY LEAD TO DESP]ATE ACTION4 ,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT PEOPLE REVOLT 9 V>Y+ WAYS -- :AT IS SURPRIS+ IS ?AT !Y PUT UP ) AS MU* AS !Y DO4 ,! FIR/ B>RI] ?AT HAS TO BE OV]COME IS ! DEBILITAT+ S5SE ( IMPOT5CE4 ,MO/ PEOPLE1 FAC$ ) A SITUATION !Y DO NOT LIKE1 ASK 9 DESPAIR1 ',:AT CAN Y\ DO AB\T IT8' -- & DO NO?+ NO MATT] :AT ! ANSW] MAY BE4 ,YET SOMETIMES A SP>K IS /RUCK & A /RUGGLE IS F\<T & WON4 ,!RE IS AN A/ONI%+ S5SE ( COLLECTIVE P[] :5 PEOPLE F9D !MSELVES -- BO? LIT]ALLY & METAPHORICALLY -- 9 MASS /RUGGLE4 ,O!RS CAN TAKE UP ! EXAMPLE (F]$4 ,YET ?\< PEOPLE HAVE HAD PL5TY ( PRACTICE AT ACCEPT+ ?+S AS !Y >E1 !Y >E = ! MO/ P>T %ORT ( PRACTICE AT *ANG+ !M4 ,AN ISOLAT$ ACTION1 :E!R IT RESULTS 9 SUCCESS OR FAILURE1 CAN SURPRIS+LY SOON S9K BACK 9TO APA?Y & ACCEPTANCE4 ,A SU/A9$ P]IOD ( UNRE/1 H[EV]1 PROVIDES PEOPLE ) ! PRACTICE !Y NE$ TO *ANGE !IR WORLD & A CONTEXT 9 :I* TO PLACE IDEOLOGIES ( *ANGE4 ,9 SU* A P]IOD ! S5SE ( COLLECTIVE P[] IS MUTUALLY RE9=C+ & SPILLS \T FROM P>TICUL> TO G5]AL GRIEVANCES4 ,9DU/RIAL UPHEAVAL G5]ALIZES 9TO SOCIAL UPHEAVAL1 SOCIAL UPHEAVAL GLIMPSES DUAL P[] & REVOLUTION4 

,! P]IOD ( UNRE/ #a#i#a-#a#i#a#d WAS ROOT$ 9 ECONOMIC DEPRIVATION & ! P[] GIV5 BY RELATIVELY FULL EMPLOYM5T TO ! WORK+ CLASS :I* 5ABL$ !M TO FI<T IT4 ,IF ONE EXAM9ES ONLY ! BALD FACTS ( ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLT ITSELF1 ! S5SE ( ! P]IOD IS LO/4 ,YET ! BALD FACTS >E /RIK+ 5\<4 ,! AV]AGE NUMB] ( 'MAN' DAYS LO/ ?R\< /RIKES 9 A NORMAL YE> BETWE5 #ai & #aii WAS #b #a_/#b  TO #c MILLION4 ,9 #a#i#a1 #a#i#a#b1 #aiac & #aiad !RE W]E AB\T #a MILLION MAN DAYS LO/4 ,9 #aiab ! FIGURE WAS NE>LY #da MILLION4.<#d#b.> ,HAD ! W> NOT 9T]V5$ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#d1 ! AUTUMN ( ?AT YE> W\LD HAVE WITNESS$1 ACCORD+ TO ONE OBS]V]1 0ONE ( ! GREATE/ 9DU/RIAL REVOLTS ! WORLD W\LD EV] HAVE SE540.<#d#b#a.> 

,?IS BUR/ ( MILITANCY DID NOT KEEP A /ATIC =M ?R\<\T4 ,IT DEVELOP$ 9 PRACTICE & 9 !ORY4 ,! NE$S ( ! /RUGGLE =C$ PEOPLE TO F9D ORGANIZATIONAL =MS = ?AT /RUGGLE & !SE =MS BECAME G5]ALIZ$ AS MORE FUNCTIONS W]E PACK$ 9TO !M4 ,?IS WILL BECOME CLE>] AS EV5TS >E RELAT$4 ,FUR!R1 :ILE IT IS CONV5I5T TO CONC5TRATE ON MAJOR CONFLAGRATIONS AS M>K]S ALONG ! WAY1 IT %\LD BE PO9T$ \T ?AT MILITANCY SPREAD 9 MANY DIRECTIONS & TOOK MANY DIFF]5T =MS4 ,!RE CANNOT HAVE BE5 ONE >EA ( LIFE :I* WAS NOT AFFECT$ BY ! NEW MOVEM5T1 AS CONTEMPOR>Y NEWSPAP]S MAKE PLA94 ,! FIR/ %OTS 9 ! BATTLE W]E FIR$ 9 ! NOR?-EA/4 ,FROM ,NOVEMB] #aii UNTIL ,JULY #aia !RE WAS A S]IES ( SPONTANE\S /RIKES CULM9AT+ 9 A LOCK\T BY ! EMPLOY]S AMONG ! BOIL]MAK]S ( ! %IPY>DS4 ,9 ,JANU>Y #aia !RE />T$ A ?REE-MON? /RIKE BY ! TRADITIONALLY MOD]ATE ,DURHAM M9]S AGA9/ AN AGREEM5T ALREADY SIGN$ BY !IR UNION4 ,! NOR?-EA/]N RAILWAYM5 /RUCK = ?REE DAYS 9 MID-#a#i#a1 :I* WAS SUFFICI5T TO GA9 !M VICTORY -- DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !Y W]E COV]$ BY A FIVE-YE> AGREEM5T 9 =CE AT ?AT TIME4 ,?\< UND\BT$LY GEOGRAPHICAL PROXIMITY HAD SOME?+ TO DO ) IT1 EA* ( !SE /RIKES1 ALBEIT )\T (FICIAL SANCTION1 TOOK A TRADITIONAL 'SECTIONAL' *>ACT]4 ,SYMPA?Y !RE MI<T BE BETWE5 !SE SECTIONS ( WORK]S1 YET ?IS SYMPA?Y F\ND NO MUTUAL ACTION4 

,! LOCK\T 9 ! COTTON 9DU/RY AS A REPRISAL AGA9/ MILITANT TACTICS :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aia WAS SIMIL>LY 'SECTIONAL' 9 *>ACT]1 ?\< IT WAS M>K$ BY A HI< DEGREE ( SOLID>ITY AMONG ! LOCK$-\T WORK]S4 ,BUT BY ?IS TIME ! SIGNS W]E OBVI\S1 AS ,FRE$OM PUT IT1 ( ! 0/UP5D\S /RUGGLE :I* IS GR[+ ON ALL SIDES BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR40.<#d#b#b.> ,! FULL-?ROAT$ RO> ( REVOLT MADE ITSELF HE>D FROM ,NOVEMB] #aia 9 ! ,CAMBRIAN ,COMB9E DISPUTE 9 ! ,S\? ,WALES COALFIELD4 ,A DISPUTE 9VOLV+ SEV5TY M5 9 A SEAM 9 ONE PIT SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE ?R\< ! :OLE ,COMB9E1 9VOLV+ #a#b1 M9]S4 ,H[EV]1 ! 5G9E M5 BEL[ & W9D+ M5 ON ! SURFACE 79 UNIONS SEP>ATE FROM ! ,S\? ,WALES ,M9]S ,F$]ATION7 /AY$ AT WORK & ! EMPLOY]S AS A RESULT ATTEMPT$ TO CONT9UE TO RUN ! M9ES3 0444& ! DIRECT \TCOME ( ?AT WAS ! POLICE BE+ S5T !RE1 LAT] ! MILIT>Y -- RESULT1 RIOTS1 TR\BLE ( A CONSID]ABLE *>ACT]1 ! FI<T /ILL ON BECAUSE ( ! 9COMPLET5ESS ( ! FI<T ON ! M5'S SIDE1 CONSEQU5T UPON SECTIONAL UNIONISM0 -- SO SAID ,TOM ,MANN AT ! TIME4.<#d#b#c.> ,M9]S W]E FIR$ ON AT ,TONYP&Y BY ! TROOPS & MANY CLA%ES TOOK PLACE4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ,AUGU/ #aiaa ?AT ! M5 W]E />V$ 9TO SUBMISSION4 ,YET MANY LESSONS HAD BE5 LE>N$ & W]E TO BE ACT$ ON 9 #aiab -- = ! M9]S HAD NOT HAD !IR SPIRIT BROK54 

,! SOLID>ITY ( ! M5 9 ! ,CAMBRIAN DISPUTE HAD SPREAD ?R\< ONE 9DU/RY -- TAK+ ON ! *>ACT] ( A G5]AL /RIKE BY VIRTUE ( ! FACT ?AT 9 ! ,WEL% VALLEYS IT WAS ! ONLY 9DU/RY4 ,9 #aiaa DISPUTES W]E TO SPREAD FROM 9DU/RY TO 9DU/RY 9 DIFF]5T PLACES 9 A NUMB] ( :AT AM\NT$ TO LOCAL G5]AL /RIKES4 ,FROM ,JANU>Y TO ,APRIL #aiaa A NATIONAL PR9T]S' /RIKE = A R$UCTION ( H\RS TOOK PLACE4 ,RELATIVELY PEACEFUL & L>GELY SUCCESSFUL1 IT GAVE NO P>TICUL> =ETA/E ( ! /ORMS ( ! SUMM]4 ,IT WAS REM>KABLE1 H[EV]1 9 ?AT ! PR9T]S PRODUC$ A DAILY /RIKE NEWSPAP] -- ! ,DAILY ,H]ALD -- :I* FIR/ CONC]N$ ITSELF EXCLUSIVELY ) ! /RIKE4 ,ON #h? ,FEBRU>Y1 H[EV]1 !Y ANN\NC$ ?AT !Y W]E GO+ TO 9TRODUCE NEW FEATURES SO AS TO MAKE ! PAP] 0( 9T]E/ AS A ,G5]AL ,LABOR ,DAILY ,NEWSPAP]40 ,:5 ! PAP] CEAS$ PUBLICATION AT ! CONCLUSION ( ! /RIKE AT ! 5D ( ,APRIL1 !Y W]E SELL+ %>ES TO F9ANCE ?IS V5TURE4 ,! PAP] WAS TO REAPPE> 9 ,APRIL #aiab & WAS TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 SPREAD+ SYNDICALI/ IDEAS4 ,9 ,JUNE #aiaa ! SEAM5'S /RIKE GAVE ! SIGNAL = A MASSIVE BUR/ ( ACTIVITY4 ,/>T+ 9 ,S\?AMPTON1 MU* TO ! FURY ( ! ALMO/ FEUDAL %IP[N]S1 ! /RIKE SPREAD TO EV]Y MAJOR PORT 9 ,BRITA94 ,! DOCK]S !N CAME \T 9 SUPPORT ( ! SEAM5 & OV] DEM&S ( !IR [N4 

,9 ,HULL ! SITUATION REA*$ FEV] PIT*4 ,FIR/ EV]Y WORK] ON ! WAT]FRONT /RUCK4 ,! 9ITIATIVE WAS TAK5 BY ! UNORGANIZ$1 I4E4 NONUNIONIS$1 WORK]S :O /RUCK ALMO/ IMM$IATELY ! SEAM5 DID4 ,! UNION MEMB]S W]E 9/RUCT$ TO /AY AT WORK BY !IR LEAD]S & DID AS !Y W]E TOLD UNTIL !Y W]E DRAGG$ \T BY ! =CE ( EV5TS4.<#d#b#d.> ,!N ! DISPUTE SPREAD TO ! MILLS1 AT FIR/ SPONTANE\SLY & !N BY MEANS ( MASS PICKETS1 :I* CLA%$ S]I\SLY ) ! POLICE4 ,! /RIKES SPREAD & CEM5T WORK]S & FACTORY GIRLS CAME \T4 ,MORE POLICE W]E DRAFT$ 9 FROM ,LE$S1 ,BIRM+HAM & ,LONDON4 ,CONFLICTS 9CREAS$4 ,! *IEF GOV]NM5T 9DU/RIAL CONCILIATOR1 ,ASK)1 >RIV$ TO TRY & SORT \T ! SITUATION1 :I* WAS UNLIKE ANY?+ HE HAD SE5 BE=E4 ,! MILIT>Y BR\<T 9 AS A RES]VE =CE C\LD NOT BE TRU/$1 :ILE 9 ! T[N FIRES W]E />T$ & !RE WAS RIOT\S LOOT+4 ,AFT] NEGOTIATIONS A SETTLEM5T WAS REA*$ ) ! /RIK]S' 'LEAD]S'4 ,BUT :5 ! T]MS W]E ANN\NC$ TO A CR[D ( #a#e11 RELATES ,ASK)1 0AN ANGRY RO> ( ',NO6' RANG \T2 & ',LET'S FIRE ! DOCKS' FROM ! \TSKIRTS :]E M5 RAN (F4 444 ,I HE>D A T[N C\NCILOR REM>K ?AT HE HAD BE5 9 ,P>IS DUR+ ! ,COMMUNE & HAD NEV] SE5 ANY?+ LIKE ?IS 444 HE HAD NOT KN[N !RE W]E SU* PEOPLE 9 ,HULL -- WOM5 ) HAIR /REAM+ & HALF NUDE1 REEL+ ?R\< ! /REETS1 SMA%+ & DE/ROY+40.<#d#b#e.> ,BY ,JULY ! SITUATION HAD CALM$ SOME:AT1 ONLY TO BUR/ \T AGA9 ) R5EW$ =CE 9 ,AUGU/4 

,?IS TIME ! /ORM C5T] WAS ,LIV]POOL4 ,! SEAM5'S /RIKE HAD SPREAD TO ! DOCKS4 ,?IS 9 TURN L$ TO A TRANSPORT WORK]S' /RIKE4 ,AT FIR/ LOCAL1 IT 9VOLV$ A TOTAL /OPPAGE ( ! DOCKS1 RAILWAY PORT]S & ! TRAMWAY M54 0,EV5 ! ROAD SWEEP]S DECL9$ TO WORK40.<#d#b#f.> ,TROOPS W]E MOV$ 9TO ! T[N & TWO GUNBOATS W]E MOOR$ 9 ! ,M]SEY ) GUNS TRA9$ ON ! WORK+-CLASS QU>T]S4 ,EMBOLD5$ BY ?IS SUPPORT1 ! POLICE MADE A SUDD5 ATTACK ON A MASSIVE PEACEFUL /RIKE MEET+ ( #h1 ON #a#c? ,AUGU/4 ,?\< SECTIONS ( ! CR[D F\<T BACK AS BE/ !Y C\LD1 PANIC HAD SEIZ$ IT & IT WAS BATON$ FROM ! ,PLATEAU4 0,?OSE :O T5D$ ! W\ND$ W]E /RUCK2 ?OSE :O W]E ALREADY W\ND$ W]E /RUCK2 & ! *ILDR5 W]E NOT =GOTT5 9 ! MAD *>GE10 WROTE A ,FRE$OM CORRESPOND5T4 ,! RESULT WAS NATURALLY 5\< AN ESCALATION ( VIOL5CE4 0,EV]Y WORK] IS N[ TALK+ ( REVOLUTION & R$RESS40.<#d#b#g.> ,FIRES W]E LIT 9 ! /REET AS B>RICADES TO /OP ! MOVEM5T ( POLICE & SOLDI]S4 ,FI]CE CLA%ES TOOK PLACE CONT9U\SLY BETWE5 /RIK]S & POLICE & AT LEA/ FIVE POLICE HORSES HAD TO BE DE/ROY$ AS A RESULT ( !IR 9JURIES4 ,M>TIAL LAW WAS PROCLAIM$4 ,! TROOPS1 H[EV]1 09CREAS$ DISORD] BECAUSE !Y W]E /ON$ BY ! /RIK]S4 444 ,!Y HAD TO RETREAT UND] %[]S ( KIDNEY /ONES ) :I* ! MOB >M$ !MSELVES40.<#d#b#h.> ,! TROOPS W]E BE+ LEAFLET$ BY ! AN>*I/S & O!RS1 & MEET+S ( SOLDI]S W]E ADDRESS$ BY A LOCAL AN>*I/1 ,S4,H4 ,MU/ON1 :O REPORT$ ?AT 0,!RE W]E MANY 9/ANCES ( DISAFFECTION AMONG ! TROOPS DUR+ ! /RIKE0 :I* HAD BE5 HU%$ UP4.<#d#b#i.> ,DUR+ CLA%ES TWO M5 W]E %OT DEAD & O!RS 9JUR$ BY TROOPS4 

,! TRANSPORT /RIKE SPREAD TO O!R PLACES4 ,NATIONALLY ! RAILWAYM5'S LEAD]S W]E =C$ TO CALL A /RIKE 9 ORD] TO /AY 9 CONTROL4 ,BY MID-,AUGU/ #a#e1 RAILWAYM5 W]E \T4 ,A /RIKE 9 ! ,LONDON DOCKS HAD />T$ AT ! SAME TIME AS ?AT 9 ,LIV]POOL4 ,H]E TOO IT WAS ! NONUNION WORK]S :O 9ITIAT$ ! FI<T4 ,ACCORD+ TO ONE S\RCE1 0444! M5 :O DECL>$ W> & AFT]W>DS SU/A9$ ! FI<T ) REVOLUTION>Y VIGOR W]E ! NONUNIONI/S4 ,! UNION LEAD]S WAIT$ UNTIL !Y SAW ! /RIKE W\LD SUCCE$ BE=E !Y ID5TIFI$ ) IT4 ,!Y M]ELY CLIMB$ 9TO NOTORIETY ON ! BACKS ( ! SUFF]+ /RIK]S40.<#d#c.> ,! P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! /RIK]S WAS UNPREC$5T$4 ,! AN>*I/ LEAFLET ',AN>*Y & ! ,LABOR ,W>' ISSU$ 9 ,AUGU/ #aiaa RI<TLY /RESS$ ! NOVELTY ( ! SITUATION 9 ! 0,LORD ,MAYOR ( ,MAN*E/] 444 OBTA9+ PASSPORTS FROM ! /RIK]S = NECESSITIES TO PASS ?R\< ! /REETS4 444 ,:O W\LD HAVE SUGGE/$ ?AT ! ,LONDON PROVISION TRAFFIC W\LD HAVE BE5 MA9TA9$ BY P]MISSION ( ! /RIK]S ONLY80 ,9 ,DUNDEE ! /RIK]S =C$ BLACKLEGS TO LEAVE ! T[N1 ! TROOPS C\LD NOT BE TRU/$ & ! /RIK]S 0ONLY ALL[$ H\SEHOLD COAL & FL\R ?R\< ! CORDONS40.<#d#c#a.> ,CONTEMPOR>Y OBS]V]S W]E IMPRESS$ BY ! SOLID>ITY ( DIFF]5T SECTIONS ( WORK]S1 ! RAPIDITY ) :I* DISPUTES SPREAD & ! VIOL5CE ( ! CONFRONTATIONS 9VOLV$4 ,VIOL5CE !RE C]TA9LY WAS3 AT ! 5D ( ! SUCCESSFUL /RIKE ON ! ,LONDON DOCKS ! RETURN+ WORK]S P\R$ 9TO ! DOCKS TO F9D BLACKLEGS /ILL !RE4 ,! RESULT WAS A BATTLE :I* LA/$ ON & (F = TWO DAYS :]E ! WEAPONS US$ SEEM TO HAVE BE5 REVOLV]S & /EV$ORES' HOOKS4.<#d#c#b.> ,YET ! MO/ IMPRESSIVE ?+ WAS ! LEVEL ( AUTONOM\S SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S4 ,! /RIK]S ( #a#h#h#i-#a#h#i HAD CALL$ 9 '\TSIDE' ORGANIZ]S4 ,! /RIKES ( #a#i#a-#a#i#a#a W]E PROGRESSIVELY MANAG$ \T ( ! RANKS ( ! /RIK]S !MSELVES1 MANAG$1 BE IT SAID1 9 OPPOSITION NOT ONLY TO ! EMPLOY]S BUT OV]:ELM+LY TO !IR SUPPOS$ LEAD]S 9 ! UNIONS4 

,! T5SIONS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS W]E EXPRESS$ 9 ! LIT]ATURE & ! ORGANIZATIONS >IS+ FROM ! LABOR W>4 ,! NEW S5SE ( SOLID>ITY BETWE5 DIFF]5T GR\PS ( WORK]S GAVE RISE TO URG5T DEM&S FROM ! RANK & FILE = ! SWEEP+ AWAY ( 'SECTIONAL' B\ND>IES BETWE5 !SE GR\PS4 ,H]E 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM BECAME RELEVANT4 ,YET ! EXP]I5CE ( ! FIR/ YE>S ( MASSIVE CONFRONTATION HAD ALSO L$ TO GREAT DI/RU/ ( ! LEAD]%IPS ( UNIONS L>GE & SMALL4 ,& ! S5SE ( BE+ ABLE TO ORGANIZE SEP>ATELY FROM !SE LEAD]%IPS HAD BECOME A MANIFE/ FACT4 ,BUT 9 :AT WAY WAS ORGANIZATION ON A L>G] SCALE DESIGN$ TO TRANSC5D SECTIONAL B>RI]S TO DO ?IS )\T 9VOLV+ ! V]Y LEAD]%IPS !Y HAD GR[N TO DI/RU/8 ,! 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/'S DREAM ( REVOLUTION>Y 9DU/RIAL UNIONS ORGANIZ$ SEP>ATELY FROM ! RE=MI/ UNIONS WAS A NON/>T] 9 ,BRITA93 ! UNIONS W]E E/ABLI%$ WELL 5\< & W]E FLEXIBLE 5\< 9 PRACTICE TO MAKE ?IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,YET ! DREAM P]SI/$4 ,ANO!R POSSIBILITY WAS TO *ANGE ! LEAD]%IP ( ! UNIONS OR TO BR+ !M MORE FIRMLY UND] RANK-&-FILE CONTROL3 ?IS WAS CON/ITUTIONALLY1 AT LEA/1 A LONG-T]M PROJECT4 ,! TRADES UNION HI]>*IES1 !N AS N[1 W]E WELL PROTECT$ AGA9/ !IR RANK & FILE4 ,A MORE IMM$IATELY PRACTICAL POSSIBILITY WAS TO ORGANIZE AT ! BASE 9 SU* A WAY AS TO MAXIMIZE SOLID>ITY & TO M9IMIZE (FICIAL 9T]F]5CE4 ,9 PRACTICE ATTEMPTS W]E MADE ) V>Y+ EMPHASIS & SUCCESS ON ALL !SE LEVELS1 & 9EVITABLY !RE W]E AMBIGUITIES :I* REPRES5T$ BO? CONFUSION & CONFLICT & ! RI*NESS ( SOLUTIONS BE+ WORK$ \T 9 PRACTICE4 ,A C5TRAL FIGURE BO? FROM ! PO9T ( RI* AMBIGUITY & HIS 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! EV5TS ( ! TIME WAS ,TOM ,MANN4 ,FROM ! TIME ( ! ,LONDON DOCK /RIKE ( #ahhi & BE=E HE HAD REVEAL$ HIMSELF AS AN A/ONI%+LY ABLE UNION ORGANIZ]4 ,UNLIKE SO MANY ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES HE NEV] SEEM$ TO HANK] AFT] A QUIET NI*E 9 TRADES UNION (FICE OR POLITICS4 ,HIS POLITICAL IDEAS FOLL[$ FROM HIS ORGANIZ+ EF=TS RA!R ?AN ! O!R WAY R\ND4 ,AS ONE RESULT HIS POLITICAL CONTACTS W]E WIDE & HET]OG5E\S4 ,:5 HE WAS1 FROM #ahih TO #a#i#a1 ! L&LORD ( ! ,5T]PRISE PUB 9 ,LONG ,AC] 9 ,LONDON'S ,COV5T ,G>D5 HIS E/ABLI%M5T WAS US$ = MEET+S BY ! ,Y\NG ,IREL& ,SOCIETY1 ! ,C5TRAL ,BRAN* ( ! ,S4,D4,F41 ! ,FRI5DS ( ,RUSSIAN ,FRE$OM 7:I* 9CLUD$ ,KROPOTK97 & A CLUB CALL$ ! ,COSMOPOLITANS :I* 9CLUD$ AMONG ITS GUE/S ,MALATE/A1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL & ,MORRISON ,DAVIDSON4 ,?IS WAS TYPICAL ( ! MAN4 ,PROBABLY ! ONLY REASON ! ,I4,L4,P4 IS NOT 9 ! LI/ IS ?AT !IR T5D5CY T[>DS TEETOTALISM W\LD NOT ALL[ !M TO HAVE MEET+S 9 A PUB6 

,:5 HE RETURN$ TO ,5GL& 9 #aia AFT] A SPELL ( ORGANIZ+ 9 ,AU/RALIA HE WAS A CONV9C$ 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/1 9 ! S5SE ?AT HE WAS HO/ILE TO SECTIONAL UNIONISM & BELIEV$ ?AT DIRECT ACTION WAS ! MEANS :]EBY WORK]S WON !IR DEM&S4 ,HIS CONVICTIONS HAD GR[N \T ( HIS ,AU/RALIAN EXP]I5CES4 ,DUR+ ! ,BROK5 ,HILL DISPUTE 9 #a#i#i1 RAILWAYM51 GOOD UNION M5 ALL1 HAD TRANSPORT$ TROOPS #a1#e MILES FROM ! EA/]N SEABO>D TO BREAK ! /RIKE ( ANO!R SECTION ( WORK]S4 ,! ,>BITRATION ,BILLS1 PASS$ TO /OP /RIKES OCCURR+ BY PUTT+ CONFLICTS BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR BE=E AN 'IMP>TIAL' BODY1 HAD PROV$ TO BE HEAVILY BIAS$ AGA9/ ! WORK]S4 ,M5 :O ADVOCAT$ OR L$ /RIKES W]E PUT 9 JAIL1 YET EMPLOY]S C\LD IGNORE ! RUL+S ( >BITRATION ) IMPUNITY4 ,IT SEEM$ CLE> TO ,TOM ,MANN ?AT SOLID>ITY HAD TO TRANSC5D SECTIONAL B\ND>IES & ! WORK]S HAD TO RELY ON !IR [N DIRECT ACTION RA!R ?AN ON ! EF=TS ( LEGISLATORS4 ,! LONG-T]M PROJECT WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM4 

,ON HIS RETURN TO ,5GL& HE COOP]AT$ ) A ,WAL?AM/[ J\RNALI/1 ,GUY ,B[MAN1 9 BR++ \T A SMALL P]IODICAL1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,SYNDICALI/4 ,?IS AM\NT$ TO A S]IES ( ELEV5 MON?LY PAMPHLETS ISSU$ FROM ,JUNE #aia TO ,MAY #aiaa :I* DEVELOP$ !SE IDEAS 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! SITUATION 9 ,BRITA94 ,!Y REPRES5T$ A COMB9ATION ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM & CONT95TAL SYNDICALISM -- ?US ! TITLE4 ,TOM ,MANN SAW ! TASK HE HAD SET HIMSELF CLE>LY3 0,IT IS A BIG ORD] WE >E H]E =3 NO?+ LESS ?AN AN 5DEAVOR TO REVOLUTIONIZE ! TRADE UNIONS1 TO MAKE ,UNIONISM1 FROM A MOVEM5T ( TWO MILLIONS1 MO/LY ( SKILL$ WORK]S :OSE 9T]E/S >E REG>D$ AS DIFF]5T FROM ! LABOR]S :O JO9 ) !M 9 !IR 9DU/RY1 9TO A MOVEM5T ?AT WILL TAKE 9 EV]Y WORK]40.<#d#c#c.> ,?US HE SAW HIS JOB 9VOLV+ A VA/ EXT5SION & AMALGAMATION ( EXI/+ TRADES UNIONS4 ,HE KNEW :AT ! ALT]NATIVES W]E3 

,I HOLD !Y >E WRONG :O SUPPOSE ?AT WE HAVE NOT G5U9E CLASS CONSCI\S PROLET>IANS 9 ! ,UNIONI/ MOVEM5T4 ,I AM QUITE SURE ?AT !RE >E MANY ?\S&S :O UND]/& ! ,CLASS ,W>1 & WI% TO TAKE !IR RI<TFUL %>E 9 ! FI<T+2 BUT AS YET !Y CAN F9D NO SATISFACTORY \TLET4 ,SOON] OR LAT] !SE LEAD+ TURBUL5T SPIRITS WILL F9D A ME?OD -- & IT W\LD BE WISE ON ! P>T ( ?OSE OCCUPY+ RESPONSIBLE POSITIONS TO 5DEAVOR TO MAKE IT EASY = SU* REORGANIZATIONS AS MAY BE NECESS>Y1 SO ?AT ?OSE :O >E DET]M9$ TO FI<T MAY NOT BE COMPELL$ TO F9D O!R AG5CIES4 

,P]SONALLY1 ,I W\LD V]Y MU* PREF] TO SEE ! EXI/+ MA*9]Y MADE EQUAL TO ! :OLE ?AN BE DRIV5 TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT NEW AG5CIES MU/ BE BR\<T 9TO EXI/5CE4.<#d#c#d.> 

,HE GOES ON TO ASK 0444:AT WILL HAVE TO BE ! ESS5TIAL CONDITIONS = ! SUCCESS ( SU* A MOVEM5T80 

,?AT WILL BE AV[$LY & CLE>LY ,REVOLUTION>Y 9 AIM & ME?OD4 ,REVOLUTION>Y 9 AIM1 BECAUSE IT WILL BE \T = ! ABOLITION ( ! WAGES SY/EM & = SECUR+ TO ! WORK]S ! FULL FRUITS ( !IR LABOR1 !REBY SEEK+ TO *ANGE ! SY/EM ( ,SOCIETY FROM ,CAPITALI/ TO ,SOCIALI/4 

,REVOLUTION>Y 9 ME?OD1 BECAUSE IT WILL REFUSE TO 5T] 9TO ANY LONG AGREEM5TS ) ! MA/]S1 :E!R ) LEGAL OR ,/ATE BACK+1 OR M]ELY VOLUNT>ILY2 & BECAUSE IT WILL SEIZE EV]Y *ANCE ( FI<T+ = ! G5]AL BETT]M5T -- GA9+ GR\ND & NEV] LOS+ ANY4.<#d#c#e.> 

,HE RA!R FUDG$ ! ISSUE ( CONTROL 9 ! TRADES UNIONS 9 HIS ANALYSIS4 ,!RE WAS NO D\BT ?AT HIS HUGE ACTIVITY 9 ! YE>S BE=E ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE PLAY$ ITS P>T 9 HELP+ ALONG ! G5]AL UNRE/4 ,!RE WAS NO D\BT ?AT IT WAS HIS CALL TO DIRECT ACTION1 HIS D5UNCIATION ( CAUTI\S & SECTIONAL LEAD]%IP :I* MADE HIM SU* A POPUL> SPEAK]1 CAPABLE ( FILL+ ! L>GE/ HALLS4 ,?IS WAS C]TA9LY ! REASON :Y SOME AN>*I/S1 NOTABLY ?OSE 9 ,LIV]POOL1 ACTIVELY SOLD ! ,9DU/RIAL ,SYNDICALI/4 ,YET HIS POLICY ( AMALGAMATION F\ND HIM WORK+ ) 0?OSE OCCUPY+ RESPONSIBLE POSITIONS0 9 ! SECTIONAL UNIONS :O W]E SO MI/RU/$ BY 0! LEAD+ TURBUL5T SPIRITS40 ,HE WORK$ ) ,HAVELOCK ,WILSON DUR+ ! SEAM5'S /RIKE4 ,HE WORK$ ) ,TILLETT ( ! DOCK]S = ! =MATION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S ,F$]ATION 9 #aia & ) ! LEAD]S ( ?REE COMPET+ UNIONS ON ! RAILWAYS = ! =MATION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION ( ,RAILWAYM5 9 #a#i#a#b4 ,HE WAS RESPONSIBLE1 AS MU* AS ANYONE WAS RESPONSIBLE1 = ! *ANNEL+ ( ! UNSKILL$ /RIK]S ( !SE YE>S 9TO ! UNIONS4 

,CRITICISMS FROM OR?ODOX 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/S :I* CONDEMN$ ! ',F$]ATION ,FAKE' & ,MANN'S FAILURE TO =M 'REAL' 9DU/RIAL UNIONS MISS$ ! PO9T4 ,!Y SEEM$ TO BE TOO 9T]E/$ 9 ! LABEL4 ,LIB]T>IANS W]E MU* CLOS] TO ! M>K4 ,9 AN EXCELL5T PIECE 9 ,FRE$OM 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#a1 ,JOHN ,PATON1 A ,GLASG[ AN>*I/1 WROTE ON ',TOM ,MANN & ! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,MOVEM5T'4 ,HE FIR/ CRITICIZ$ ,TOM ,MANN = HIS AMBIVAL5CE OV] ,P>LIAM5T1 :I* HE SAW AS AN UNWILL+NESS TO TREAD ON ! TOES ( TRADES UNION LEAD]S OV] !IR PROCLIVITIES T[>DS POLITICAL C>E]S4 ,MORE IMPORTANTLY1 HE W5T ON TO SAY3 

,9 DECID+ = ! RET5TION ( ! PRES5T ORGANIZATIONS1 ,MANN HAS QUITE EVID5TLY FAIL$ TO GET TO GRIPS ) ! ROOT ( ! PROBLEM HE IS FAC+4 ,! CURSE ( ,TRADE ,UNIONISM 9 ?IS C\NTRY IS ! C5TRALIZATION ( EXECUTIVE P[] ) ITS RESULTANT MULTIPLICATION ( (FICIALS4 ,! CORRESPOND+ /AGNATION & DEA? ( LOCAL LIFE & SPIRIT IS ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE4 ,?IS C5TRALIZATION W\LD BE 5ORM\SLY EXT5D$ & DEVELOP$ BY ,MANN'S S*EME4 444 ,WE MU/ DEC5TRALIZE & AS F> AS POSSIBLE DE/ROY EXECUTIVE P[]4 ,LET ! WORK]S !MSELVES BE> ! BURD5 & RESPONSIBILITY ( DECISIVE ACTION4 

,AS WE HAVE SE51 9 #aiaa ! WORK]S !MSELVES W]E TO SEIZE ! 0BURD5 & RESPONSIBILITY ( DECISIVE ACTION40 ,YET = ! MO/ P>T ! WORK]S DID NOT LOOK BEYOND ! EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONS & ! GR[? & AMALGAMATION ( ! UNIONS WAS ACCEPT$ & 5C\RAG$ AS A MEANS ( DE/ROY+ SECTIONALISM4 ,AT ! SAME TIME !Y W]E TAK+ /EPS TO DEC5TRALIZE 7IF NOT DE/ROY7 EXECUTIVE P[]4 ,! CONSEQU5CE WAS ?AT LEAD]S & L$ W]E B\ND TOGE!R (T5 UNCOM=TABLY & OCCASIONALLY 9 A /ATE ( OP5 W>4 

,AT ! BASE ?IS WAS REPRES5T$ BY ! GR[? ( BODIES ( MILITANTS AT RANK-&-FILE LEVEL4 ,9 ! ,S\? ,WALES COALFIELD 9 #a#i#a#a1 !RE EM]G$ ! ',UN(FICIAL ,RE=M ,COMMITTEE'4 ,?IS WAS COMPOS$ ( ACTIVI/S FROM ! ,CAMBRIAN ,COMB9E /RIKE & O!R PITS1 & 9CLUD$ REBEL /UD5TS FROM ! ,RUSK9 /RIKE ( #a#i#i4 ,! ,UN(FICIAL ,RE=M ,COMMITTEE ACT$ AS A COORD9AT+ BODY = ! MILITANT WORK]S 9 ! COALFIELD & PROVID$ A MEANS ( COMMUNICATION UNM$IAT$ BY ! (FICIALS4 ,AS A RESULT ( IDEAS PUT =W>D & AM5D$1 *ANG$ & RE>RANG$ BY SEV]AL DELEGATE CONF]5CES A REM>KABLE DOCUM5T1 ,! ,M9]S' ,NEXT ,/EP1 WAS ISSU$ 9 #a#i#a#b4.<#d#c#f.> ,?IS PROPOS$ A NEW CON/ITUTION = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! M9]S ON ?REE PR9CIPLES3 FIR/LY1 ?AT ! LODGES 7BRAN*ES7 %\LD HAVE SUPREME CONTROL4 ,SECONDLY1 '(FICIALS OR LEAD]S' W]E TO BE EXCLUD$ FROM ! EXECUTIVE1 :I* WAS TO BE A PURELY ADM9I/RATIVE BODY COMPOS$ ( M5 DIRECTLY ELECT$ BY ! M5 = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,?IRDLY1 AG5TS OR ORGANIZ]S W]E TO BE DIRECTLY UND] ! CONTROL ( ! EXECUTIVE4 ,?\< SOME *ANGES W]E MADE 7OR =C$7 9 ! UNION !SE PROPOSALS EXPRESS$ AN IDEAL :I* WAS TO BE FRU/RAT$ BUT P]SI/5T4 ,! SITUATION WAS COMPLICAT$ BY ! ELECTION ( F\R MILITANTS TO ! ,S\? ,WALES ,M9]S' ,F$]ATION EXECUTIVE 9 #aiaa -- AN EXECUTIVE :I* !IR PROGRAM WAS COMMITT$ TO MORE OR LESS ABOLI%4 

,9 ! 5G9E]+ 9DU/RY COMP>ABLE UN(FICIAL DEVELOPM5TS TOOK PLACE 9 ! %APE ( ! AMALGAMATION COMMITTEE MOVEM5T4 ,?IS TOOK ITS NAME BECAUSE ( ! VA/ NUMB] ( UNIONS 7!RE W]E WELL OV] #b7 9VOLV$ 9 ! 9DU/RY AP>T FROM ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,SOCIETY ( ,5G9E]S & ! DESIRE ( ! MILITANTS TO DRAW !SE BODIES TOGE!R4 ,H]E !Y W]E OBVI\SLY 9FLU5C$ BY SYNDICALI/ PROPAG&A ( ! ,TOM ,MANN V>IETY4 ,A COMMITTEE ( 5G9E]S 9 ,MAN*E/] HAD BE5 SET UP 9 #aia TO PU% ! PR9CIPLES ( DIRECT ACTION1 SOLID>ITY & AMALGAMATION4.<#d#c#g.> ,?IS SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ E>LY EXAMPLE4 ,SU* PROPAG&A ACTIVITY M]G$ ) ! ALREADY EXI/+ WORK%OP ORGANIZATION4 ,BY #aii %OP /EW>DS 0W]E BE+ ELECT$1 AT LEA/ 9 SOME %OPS1 9 MO/ ( ! MAJOR C5T]S1 & !IR NUMB] & FUNCTION CONT9U$ TO GR[40.<#d#c#h.> ,! %OP /EW>DS HAD APPE>$ BECAUSE ( ! NECESSITY ( WORK%OP NEGOTIATIONS -- P>TICUL>LY OV] PIECEWORK PRICES4 ,AS SU* !Y W]E ! WORK%OP REPRES5TATIVE ( !IR UNION4 ,IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT ! NE$ = MUTUAL SUPPORT W\LD DRAW ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! DIFF]5T UNIONS TOGE!R -- AL?\< CRAFT JEAL\SIES W\LD (T5 DRIVE !M AP>T4 

,FROM ?IS PO9T IT WAS A LOGICAL /EP TO MAKE ! /EW>DS A BASIS ( AMALGAMATION4 ,9 ,%EFFIELD1 = EXAMPLE1 A %OP /EW>D SUGGE/$ 9 #aiad 0?AT ALL ! TRADE UNIONI/S 9 ANY %OP %\LD HAVE %OP /EW>DS :O %\LD =M !MSELVES 9TO A COMMITTEE TO REPRES5T ! WORK]S 9 ?AT %OP REG>DLESS ( ! TRADE UNIONS !Y BELONG$ TO & ?US MAKE ! FIR/ /EP T[>DS UNIT+ ! UNIONS40.<#d#c#i.> ,?IS DEVELOPM5T WAS BY NO MEANS RE/RICT$ TO ,%EFFIELD -- ! SAME IDEA OCCURR$ 9 MANY PLACES AT AB\T ! SAME TIME4 ,?US ! AMALGAMATION COMMITTEE 9 ! WORK%OP BO? =M$ :AT WE %\LD N[ CALL A JO9T %OP /EW>DS' COMMITTEE & PROVID$ AN 9T]-UNION BASIS ( COORD9ATION & COMMUNICATION SEP>ATE FROM ! (FICIALS4 ,! OPPOSITION TO ! (FICIALS WAS CLE>LY EXPRESS$4 ,A PAMPHLET ISSU$ BY ! ,METAL ,5G9E]+ & ,%IPBUILD+ ,AMALGAMATION ,COMMITTEE DESCRIB$ ITS FUNCTIONS AS TW(OLD4 ,FIR/LY1 IT WAS TO 5C\RAGE AMALGAMATION & TO EV5TUALLY SEIZE CONTROL ( ! 9DU/RY4 ,SECONDLY1 9 ! MEANTIME IT WAS 0TO ACT AS A ,VIGILANCE ,COMMITTEE1 WAT*+ & ACTIVELY CRITICIZ+ ! (FICIALS ( ! V>I\S SECTIONAL ,UNIONS & 9 EV]Y WAY POSSIBLE /IMULAT+ & GIV+ EXPRESSION TO MILITANT ?\<T ?R\<\T ! ,TRADE ,UNION MOVEM5T40.<#d#d.> 

,!RE W]E MORE ?AN PROPAG&A ATTACKS ON (FICIALDOM3 9 ! ,LONDON ,AMALGAMAT$ ,SOCIETY ( ,5G9E]S1 A DELEGATE MEET+ ORD]$ ! ,TRU/EES TO /OP PAY+ ! SAL>IES ( (FICIALS AFT] #a/ ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#c1 & APPO9T$ A LAY 'PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE' TO TAKE *>GE4 ,! (FICIALS REFUS$ TO LEAVE ! UNION HEADQU>T]S & B>RICAD$ !MSELVES 94 ,! PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE & ITS SUPPORT]S1 H[EV]1 ) ! HELP ( ! G5]AL SECRET>Y ( ! UNION W]E ABLE TO GET 9TO ! BUILD+ & ?R[ \T ! OCCUPI]S1 ?\< IT WAS NOT DONE 5TIRELY PEACEFULLY4.<#d#d#a.> 

,?US AS ! WAVE ( /RIKES CONT9U$ FROM #aiaa ?R\< TO ! \TBREAK ( W> A QUALITATIVE %IFT TOOK PLACE 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! RANK & FILE :I* F\ND ITS =MAL EXPRESSIONS 9 !SE RANK-&-FILE MOVEM5TS4 ,9 POLITICAL T]MS ?IS %IFT EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( A DIFF]5T K9D ( SOCIALI/ MILIEU4 ,YET BE=E WE SEE ! WAY 9 :I* ! AN>*I/S RELAT$ TO ?IS MILIEU SOME REM>KS >E 9 ORD] AS TO ! WAY 9 :I* AN>*I/S W]E P]CEIV$ BY ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T AT ?IS TIME4 ,9 ! E>LY #a#h#iS !Y HAD BE5 SE5 AS 0FOOLS1 MADM5 & ROGUES10 TO QUOTE ,JOHN ,BURNS4 

,!Y HAD BE5 REG>D$ = ! MO/ P>T AS BOMB]S & ASSASS9S & !IR DO+S W]E RELAT$ ) FASC9AT$ HORROR4 ,IT IS H>D TO PLACE EXACTLY :]E ! *ANGE CAME4 ,POLITICAL ASSASS9ATIONS & BOMB+S BY AN>*I/S CONT9U$ SPORADICALLY 9 ,EUROPE4 ,YET1 9 ,5GL&1 BY #a#i#i1 AN>*I/S HAD CEAS$ TO BE BOGEY M54 ,?AT YE> SAW MASSIVE DEMON/RATIONS OV] ! >RE/ & EXECUTION ( ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,?IS HAD FOLL[$ ON FROM AN ATTEMPT$ RIS+ 9 ,B>CELONA 9 ! LA/ WEEK ( ,JULY #a#i#i1 KN[N AS ! ',BLOODY ,WEEK'4 ,F]R] WAS A POSITIVI/ RA!R ?AN AN AN>*I/ BUT HAD BECOME WIDELY ID5TIFI$ ) ! AN>*I/S ?R\< HIS ,MOD]N ,S*OOL MOVEM5T4 ,! ,MOD]N ,S*OOLS W]E LIB]T>IAN 9 !IR ME?ODS & TR5*ANTLY SECUL>4 ,?R\< ?IS ,F]R] & ! S*OOLS HE F\ND$ HAD E>N$ ! UNDY+ HATR$ ( ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC HI]>*Y4 ,AFT] ! DEFEAT$ UPRIS+ ,F]R] WAS >RE/$ = COMPLICITY 9 ! EV5TS -- ?\< !RE WAS NO EVID5CE TO %[ ?AT HE HAD EI!R ORGANIZ$1 9/IGAT$ OR TAK5 P>T 9 !M4 ,HE WAS TRI$ BE=E A MILIT>Y C\RT & %OT4 7,A LITTLE-KN[N P>T 9 ALL ?IS WAS TAK5 BY AN ,5GLI% ,C4,I4,D4 DETECTIVE ,*>LES ,>R[1 'ON LOAN' TO ! ,SPANI% AU?ORITIES4 ,HIS ROLE WAS MORE OR LESS HEAD ( 9TELLIG5CE TO ! MILIT>Y4 ,HIS MEMOIRS 9DICATE ?AT HE 5JOY$ ! ORGANIZATION ( ! REPRESSION IMM5SELY47.<#d#d#b.> 

,! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,5GL& P>TICIPAT$ READILY 9 ! PROTE/S ORGANIZ$ BY AN>*I/S & O!RS4 ,!Y W]E UNC[$ BY ! CONNECTIONS DRAWN BETWE5 ,F]R] & ! ATTEMPT$ REVOLUTION & APP>5TLY NOT AT ALL BO!R$ BY HIS AN>*I/ APOLOGI/S4 ,RA!R ! REV]SE3 ! EXECUTION ( ,F]R] SEEMS TO HAVE />T$ SOME SOCIALI/S ON ! PA? T[>DS AN>*ISM4.<#d#d#c.> ,?IS UNHORRIFI$ ACCEPTANCE ( AN>*I/S & AN>*ISM REMA9$ UNFLU/]$ ?R\< ! EV5TS KN[N AS ! ,TOTT5HAM ,\TRAGE & ! ,SIEGE ( ,SIDNEY ,/REET4 ,! FIR/1 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#i1 WAS AN >M$ ROBB]Y FOLL[$ BY A WILD *ASE ?R\< NOR?-EA/ ,LONDON 9 :I* A BOY ( T5 & ! TWO ROBB]S W]E KILL$ & A NUMB] ( PEOPLE W]E 9JUR$4 ,! SECOND FOLL[$ ON FROM A DI/URB$ ROBB]Y AT A JEWEL]'S %OP 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#a4 ,( ! FIVE POLICEM5 :O W5T TO 9VE/IGATE1 ?REE W]E %OT DEAD & ! O!R TWO BADLY W\ND$4 ,TWO ( ! ROBB]S W]E TRAC$ TO #a ,SIDNEY ,/REET 9 ,:ITE*APEL1 & AFT] A GUNFI<T ?AT LA/$ MU* ( #cRD ,JANU>Y #aiaa & 9VOLV$ ,*UR*ILL1 ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y & ! ,SCOTS ,GU>DS1 ! H\SE WAS MY/]I\SLY SET ON FIRE & ! TWO GUNM5 9SIDE KILL$4 ,9 BO? CASES ! GUN-PLAY WAS BLAM$ ON AN>*I/S1 ?\< ! M5 9VOLV$ W]E EI!R UNPOLITICAL OR CONNECT$ ) ! ,LETTI% ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT COMBAT GR\PS4 ,ONE ( ! ,SIDNEY ,/REET GANG :O MANAG$ TO ESCAPE1 NAM$ ,PET] ! ,PA9T]1 & O!RS ( !M HAD US$ ! ,JEWI% ,AN>*I/ ,CLUB 9 ,JUBILEE ,/REET & ?IS SEEM$ TO BE 5\< TO L9K !M TOGE!R 9 ! PRESS4 ,?\< BO? EV5TS RECEIV$ WIDE PUBLICITY1 AS DID ! ALLEG$ 9VOLVEM5T ( ! AN>*I/S1 ! REACTION 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS NOT DISSIMIL> TO ?AT ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,SYNDICALI/4 ,UND] ! HEAD+ ',! ,BATTLE ( ,/EPNEY' ,B[MAN OR ,MANN WROTE3 0,PROBLEM3 IF TWO M5 CAN KEEP #b1 M5 EMPLOY$ & HOLD !M AT BAY 9 ONE /REET1 H[ MANY M5 W\LD BE REQUIR$ TO DEFEAT TWO OR ?REE MILLION M5 SPREAD OV] ! >EA ( ,GREAT ,BRITA980 ,!Y PROMIS$ A ,G,B,P#b #bS REW>D = ! BE/ ANSW]4.<#d#d#d.> 

,SU* PANIC AS !RE WAS SEEM$ TO BE RE/RICT$ TO ! BETT]-(F CLASSES4 ,! POLICE BEGAN TO TAKE AN 9CREAS$ 9T]E/ 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,FOLL[+ ON FROM A REPORT ?AT ,PET] ! ,PA9T] HAD BE5 SE5 9 ,GLASG[ ! POLICE VISIT$ ! ,GLASG[ GR\P'S MEET+S4 ,AS A RESULT !Y W5T TO ! EMPLOY]S ( SOME ( ! MEMB]S & MANAG$ TO HAVE AT LEA/ ONE ( !M -- ,GEORGE ,B>RETT -- SACK$ & BLACKLI/$4 ,!RE SEEM$ TO BE A G5]AL 9CREASE ( SURVEILLANCE ( AN>*I/S & SOME CONC]N ON ! P>T ( ! AU?ORITIES TO PUT 9TO ACTION ! #aie ,ALI5S ,ACT :I* ALL[$ ! DEPORTATION ( UNDESIRABLE ALI5S ON ! /R5G? (1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 A MAGI/RATE'S RECOMM5DATION4 ,ONE ATTEMPT TO USE ?IS LEGISLATION1 H[EV]1 MET ) MASSIVE OPPOSITION & %[$ JU/ H[ LITTLE NOTICE ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T HAD TAK5 ( ! SC>E /ORIES4 

,9 ,MAY #a#i#a#b1 A CRIM9AL LIBEL ACTION WAS BR\<T AGA9/ ,MALATE/A BY A FELL[ ,ITALIAN NAM$ ,BELLELLI :O SUPPORT$ ! ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T'S IMP]IALI/ V5TURES 9 ,TRIPOLI4 ,BELLELLI HAD CIRCULAT$ 9=MATION TO ! EFFECT ?AT ,MALATE/A'S OPPOSITION TO ! ACTION ( ! ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T WAS DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ,MALATE/A WAS A ,TURKI% SPY4 ,MALATE/A HAD CIRCULAT$ A LEAFLET AMONG ! ,ITALIANS 9 ,LONDON DECL>+ HIS READ9ESS TO APPE> BE=E A C\RT ( HONOR TO CLE> HIMSELF ( ?IS *>GE & MAK+ SLI<T+ REF]5CES TO ,BELLELLI 0:O US$ TO CALL HIMSELF AN ,AN>*I/ 444 BUT MANY LOOK UPON HIM AS AN ,ITALIAN POLICE SPY40.<#d#d#e.> ,9 ! C\RT ACTION ?AT FOLL[$ MU* PLAY WAS MADE ( ! FACT ?AT ,MALATE/A HAD SUPPLI$ A BOTTLE ( GAS TO ONE ( ! ,SIDNEY ,/REET GANG4 ,?IS HAD BE5 KN[N TO ! POLICE1 :O HAD SATISFI$ !MSELVES ?AT NO?+ MORE ?AN AN ORD9>Y BUS9ESS TRANSACTION HAD TAK5 PLACE -- ,MALATE/A HAD A ONE-MAN BUS9ESS AS AN ELECTRICAL 5G9E]4 ,! RESULT ( ! *>ACT] ASSASS9ATION 9 C\RT1 H[EV]1 WAS ?AT ! JUDGE S5T5C$ ,MALATE/A TO ?REE MON?S 9 PRISON & RECOMM5D$ ?AT HE BE DEPORT$4 ,ON APPEAL BO? S5T5CE & DEPORTATION W]E UPHELD4 ,! %ORT T]M ( IMPRISONM5T C\LD NOT BE RECKON$ TO AFFECT ,MALATE/A OV]MU* -- HE HAD BE5 TO JAIL BE=E4 ,BUT ! DEPORTATION WAS S]I\S3 ON ! ,CONT95T IT C\LD BE SAFELY ASSUM$ ?AT ! LEA/ HE C\LD EXPECT WAS LIFE IMPRISONM5T4 

,AN AN>*I/ CAMPAIGN TO HAVE ! DEPORTATION /OPP$ RAPIDLY SPREAD TO ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 ,! ,DAILY ,H]ALD GAVE ! CASE MU* PUBLICITY & PUBLI%$ REAMS ( PROTE/S FROM TRADES UNIONS & MEET+S UP & D[N ! C\NTRY4 ,MALATE/A HAD MANY FRI5DS 9 !SE QU>T]S1 HAV+ SPOK5 UND] ! EGIS ( ,MANN'S ,9DU/RIAL ,SYNDICALI/ ,$UCATION ,LEAGUE ON A NUMB] ( OCCASIONS4 ,9 FACT ONE LETT] 9 ! ,DAILY ,H]ALD REF]R$ TO ,MALATE/A AS 0AN 9T]NATIONAL ,TOM ,MANN40 ,! CAMPAIGN CULM9AT$ 9 A MASSIVE MEET+ 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E ORGANIZ$ BY ,GUY ,ALDR$4 ,IT HAD ORIG9ALLY BE5 9T5D$ TO USE MA9LY AN>*I/ SPEAK]S 7& SOME EX-AN>*I/S1 SURPRIS+LY 5\<1 9CLUD+ ,W4,B4 ,P>K]1 N[ A ,POOR ,LAW GU>DIAN1 & ,AGNES ,H5RY74 ,9 ! EV5T1 H[EV]1 ! MA9 SPEAK]S W]E DRAWN FROM MORE RESPECTABLE QU>T]S1 9CLUD+ ,W$GWOOD & ,CUNN+HAME ,GRAHAM1 ,M4,P4S1 & ,JAMES ,MAC,DONALD ( ! ,LONDON ,TRADES ,C\NCIL4 ,ALSO SPEAK+ W]E ,MRS ,TOM ,MANN & ,GUY ,B[MAN 7,B[MAN HAD JU/ BE5 RELEAS$ & ,MANN WAS /ILL 9 JAIL OV] A ',DON'T ,%OOT6' LEAFLET74 ,! CAMPAIGN WAS SUCCESSFUL4 ,ON ,MONDAY1 #a#g? ,JUNE1 ! DEPORTATION ORD] WAS LIFT$ BY ! ,HOME ,SECRET>Y4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT ?+ TO EM]GE FROM !SE EV5TS WAS ?AT ! AN>*I/S W]E AN ACCEPT$ P>T ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 :I* REJECT$ POLITICAL ACTION AS A PRIORITY & :I* ESP\S$ DIRECT ACTION4 ,! ,DAILY ,TELEGRAPH WAS RI<T 9 ITS FACTS IF WRONG 9 ITS CONCLUSIONS :5 IT WROTE 9 ,M>* #a#i#a#b3 0,! AU?ORITIES HAVE N[1 WE UND]/&1 RECEIV$ EVID5CE E/ABLI%+ ! FACT ?AT SECTIONS ( ! ,COMMUNI/S1 ! ,SYNDICALI/S & ! ,AN>*I/S %>E COMMON AIMS & >E WORK+ TOGE!R = ONE COMMON OBJECT1 &1 9 FACT1 IT MAY BE SAID ?AT ! PRES5T ,LABOR UNRE/ IS ALMO/ 5TIRELY DUE TO A GREAT CONSPIRACY ON ! P>T ( ?OSE AGITATORS TO PROMOTE DISSATISFACTION & RES5TM5T AMONG ! WORK+ CLASSES40.<#d#d#f.> 

,! WAY 9 :I* V>I\S SECTIONS ( ! MOVEM5T WORK$ 9=MALLY TOGE!R IS NOT P>TICUL>LY CLE>4 ,YET WE CAN F9D C]TA9 TYPICAL SITUATIONS & 9CID5TS :I* >E CLUES & ILLU/RATIONS4 ,LET US TAKE ,WAL?AM/[ 9 NOR?-EA/ ,LONDON4 ,GUY ,B[MAN LIV$ 9 ! >EA & PUBLI%$ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,SYNDICALI/1 ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,RAILWAYMAN & ! ,SYNDICALI/ 9 SUCCESSION FROM HIS HOME4 ,! SECRET>Y ( ! ,WAL?AM/[ ,TRADES ,C\NCIL1 ,A4,G4 ,TUFTON ( ! ,C>P5T]S & ,JO9]S1 WAS AN 5?USIA/IC EXPON5T ( ,TOM ,MANN'S V]SION ( SYNDICALISM4 ,9 #a#i#a-#a#i#a#a ! AN>*I/S ( ,WAL?AM/[ W]E HOLD+ ?REE OR MORE WEEKLY \TDOOR MEET+S4 ,ALL ?IS C\LD HAVE BE5 MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE1 EA* ACTIVITY DI/9CT FROM ! O!R4 ,YET \TSIDE ,WAL?AM/[ ,GUY ,B[MAN HAD BE5 9 FAIRLY REGUL> CONTACT ) AN>*I/S1 SPEAK+ ) !M AT MEET+S1 VISIT+ ,KROPOTK91 ETC4 ,! LOCAL ,WAL?AM/[ AN>*I/S W]E GREAT DEBAT]S & VISIT$ LOCAL BRAN*ES ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 & ,I4,L4,P4 ,!Y W]E PRES5T AT ! FIR/ MEET+ ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY 9 NEI<BOR+ ,LEYTON =M$ \T ( A BRAN* ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 EXPELL$ = TAK+ UP ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y IDEAS4 ,ONE ( ! AN>*I/S ACTIVE 9 ?IS >EA WAS ,W4,D4 ,POND] :O1 AS WE HAVE SE51 HAD BE5 ACTIVE 9 ! ,9DU/RIALI/ ,LEAGUE UNTIL HIS EXPULSION4 ,HE WAS LAT] TO TAKE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE4 ,?IS IS AN 9DICATION ( H[ LITTLE ! =MAL SEP>ATIONS ( GR\PS MEANT ON A LOCAL LEVEL4 ,! AN>*I/S ( ,WAL?AM/[ WORK$ ) ! LOCAL 'P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S' 9 A FREE-SPEE* FI<T AT ,EPP+ ,=E/4 ,AFT] ! >RE/ ( ,TOM ,MANN1 ,GUY ,B[MAN & ! ,BUCK BRO!RS 9 #aiab = ADVOCAT+1 PUBLI%+ & PR9T+ A ',DON'T ,%OOT6' LEAFLET = SOLDI]S 5TITL$ ',AN OP5 LETT] TO ,BRITI% ,SOLDI]S'1 A C\PLE ( DEMON/RATIONS TOOK PLACE 9VOLV+ SOCIALI/S FROM NOR?-EA/ ,LONDON :OSE SPEAK+ BASE WAS ,VICTORIA ,P>K4 ,! SECOND1 AN AN>*I/-9ITIAT$ DEMON/RATION ) MANY O!R GR\PS 9VOLV$1 M>*$ FROM ,VICTORIA ,P>K R\ND ,BE?NAL ,GRE5 ) PLAC>DS SAY+ ',DON'T ,%OOT6' & 0A L>GE NUMB] ( ! PROSCRIB$ LEAFLET 444 W]E DI/RIBUT$40.<#d#d#g.> 

,AN>*I/S W]E ALSO 9VOLV$ 9 PURELY SYNDICALI/ ACTIVITY AS ! FOLL[+ LETT] BETWE5 TWO LOCAL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE VET]ANS1 ,JOSEPH ,LANE & ,AMBROSE ,B>K] %[S4 7,B>K] LIV$ 9 ,WAL?AM/[47 ,LANE WROTE 0444,I BELIEVE TONI<T Y\ HAVE Y\R ,SYNDICALI/ GR\P MEET+4 ,I HOPE Y\ WILL HAVE A GOOD RALLY ( NUMB]S4 ,HAVE Y\ SE5 ?IS MON?'S ,SYNDICALI/1 SOMEH[ ,I LIKE !IR FI<T+ POLICY & ! 5DEAVOR TO GET ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS TO ?R[ OV] P>LIAM5T & !IR LEAD]S & BECOME A RANK & FILE FI<T+ =CE & :ILE ,FRE$OM ,GR\PS & PURE ,AN>*I/S >E DO+ GOOD WORK AS $UCATIONALI/S ! ,SYNDICALI/S WILL DO GOOD WORK AMONG ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9 ! SAME DIRECTION )\T FRI<T5+ !M ) ?AT T]RIBLE WORD ,AN>*Y40.<#d#d#h.> ,!SE K9DS ( LOOSE CONTACT & MUTUAL COOP]ATION W]E TO BE F\ND ALL OV] ! C\NTRY & >E PROBABLY ( MORE IMPORTANCE HI/ORICALLY ?AN HAS BE5 RECOGNIZ$4 ,IT HAS BE5 F> TOO READILY ASSUM$ ?AT ! =MAL SEP>ATIONS )9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 9TO SPECIFIC GR\PS REPRES5TS A =MAL SEP>ATION AT ALL LEVELS4 ,AT GRASS-ROOTS LEVEL ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,FROM =MAL COOP]ATION & =MAL SWIT*ES ( ALLEGIANCE D[N TO ! MO/ CASUAL CONTACTS 9 PLACES LIKE ,H5D]SON'S BOOK%OP 9 ,*>+ ,CROSS ,ROAD 7KN[N TO G5]ATIONS AS '! BOMB %OP'7 & ,*>LES ,LAHR'S BOOK%OP 9 ,HOLBORN ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS MORE A S]IES ( OV]LAPP+ NETWORKS ?AN A COLLECTION ( P>TIES4 ,?IS MILIEU WAS ! ONE 9 :I* ! AN>*I/S OP]AT$ 9 ! YE>S JU/ PRIOR TO ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE1 & FUR!R EXAMPLES WILL PRES5T !MSELVES AS WE CONSID] ! MORE =MALLY AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES DUR+ ?IS TIME4 

,9 #aiab !RE WAS A POSSIBILITY ?AT ! ,S4,D4,F4 C\LD ABSORB & CO-OPT SOME ( ! NEW 5]GY ?R[N UP BY ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,REVOLT4 ,9 ?AT YE> ! ,S4,D4,F4 MADE ! GREATE/ LEAP =W>D 9 ITS HI/ORY &1 UNIT+ ) SECTIONS ( ! ,I4,L4,P4 :O W]E IT*+ = A MORE REVOLUTION>Y POLICY1 =M$ ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 7,B4,S4,P474 ,?IS CLAIM$ #d1 MEMB]S 9 #cg BRAN*ES ON ITS =MATION4 ,YET EV5 BE=E ?IS TIME ! ,S4,D4,F4 WAS SUFF]+ FROM 9T]NAL DISS5SION OV] ! QUE/ION ( DIRECT ACTION4 ,TOM ,MANN HAD RESIGN$ HIS MEMB]%IP 7TAK5 UP ON HIS RETURN TO ,5GL&7 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#a1 UNABLE ANY LONG] TO RECONCILE ! PURELY ELECTORAL POLICY ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 ) HIS COMMITM5T TO EXTRA-POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,HE WAS NOT ALONE AS ! '(FICIAL' HI/ORY ( ! ,S4,D4,F4_/,R4,S4,P4 SAYS3 0,ALREADY1 ,SYNDICALI/ 9FLU5CES W]E AT W> ) ! RECOGNIZ$ ME?ODS & OBJECTIVES )9 ! ,B4,S4,P40.<#d#d#i.> ,! TR\BLE GOT WORSE 9 ! L>G] ORGANIZATION3 0,! 9SIDI\S PREA*+ ( ,SYNDICALISM1 ,DIRECT ,ACTION & SIMIL> =MS ( ANTI-POLITICAL AN>*ISM1 AL?\< ! ADVOCATES W]E FEW 9 NUMB] WORK$ A TREM5D\S MIS*IEF )9 ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 AS IT WAS B\ND TO DO 9 ANY ORGANIZATION ?AT HAD BE5 ?US FA/5$-UPON40.<#d#e.> ,! EXT5T ( ! 'TREM5D\S MIS*IEF' CAN BE GAUG$ :5 WE SEE ?AT )9 TWO YE>S ! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,B4,S4,P4 HAD DROPP$ BY HALF4 0,9 #aiad ! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,B4,S4,P4 WAS NO MORE ?AN ?AT ( ! ,S4,D4,F4 SIX YE>S BE=E40.<#d#e#a.> 

,! ,I4,L4,P4 WAS ALSO SUFF]+ FROM A SIMIL> MALAISE4 ,BETWE5 #aii & #a#i#a#a1 =TY-SIX ,I4,L4,P4 BRAN*ES COLLAPS$ & ! SALE ( PAMPHLETS DROPP$ BY HALF4 ,9 #aii !RE W]E #b#h1#f#e MEMB]S 9 #hhg BRAN*ES2 9 #aiad !RE W]E #b1#g#i#c 9 #fgb BRAN*ES4.<#d#e#b.> ,SOME ( ?IS DROP CAN BE ACC\NT$ = BY ! SECESSIONS TO ! ,B4,S4,P4 BUT ?IS WAS UN/ABLE AS ! FALL 9 MEMB]%IP ( ! LATT] ORGANIZATION 9DICAT$4 ,! O!R P>T CAN BE READILY ASSUM$ TO HAVE BE5 DUE TO DISCONT5T ) A PURELY ELECTORAL POLICY4 ,! ,I4,L4,P4 9 ANY CASE HAD A M9ORITY ( OLD AN>*I/S AS MEMB]S :O HAD PRESUMABLY JO9$ :5 !IR ORIG9AL FAI? 9 ! IMM95T REVOLUTION HAD FAD$ -- M5 LIKE ,?OMAS ,B>CLAY 9 ,LEICE/] & ,ALF ,B>TON 9 ,%EFFIELD4 ,IT IS NOT SUGGE/$ ?AT !Y W]E LEAD+ ! ,I4,L4,P41 BUT RA!R ?AT !Y REPRES5T$ A TRADITION :I* Y\NG] MEMB]S C\LD RELATE TO4 ,A MEMB] ( ! ,I4,L4,P4 AT ?AT TIME REMEMB]$ AN ,I4,L4,P4 BRAN* 9 ,GLASG[3 0444ITS MEMB]%IP REPRES5T$ AN EXTRAORD9>Y DIV]SITY ( IDEAS4 ,A!I/S1 ,M>XI/S & AN>*I/S RUBB$ %\LD]S ) ,*RI/IAN SOCIALI/S LIKE ,H>DIE HIMSELF40.<#d#e#c.> ,IT IS NOT SUGGE/$ ?AT TO TAKE P>T 9 OR ADVOCATE DIRECT ACTION OR TO D5IGRATE ELECTORAL ACTIVITY AUTOMATICALLY MADE AN>*I/S4 ,AN>*ISM WAS NEV]!LESS TO GR[ 9 ! 9CREAS+LY NUM]\S POLITICAL FR+E :I* HAD FALL5 \T ) ! ,B4,S4,P4 & ,I4,L4,P4 

,AT ?IS TIME ,FRE$OM WAS LOOK+ MORE HEAL?Y ?AN IT HAD = YE>S4 ,M>% WAS ON ! PO9T ( RETIR+ 9 #aiab & WROTE TO ,KEELL 0444,I FEEL ! WOR/ TR\BLES ( ,FRE$OM >E OV]4 ,) A CIRCULATION RAPIDLY 9CREAS+1 ) LIT]>Y HELP COM+ 9 SO WELL IT ONLY NE$S /EADY WORK & SOME MONET>Y HELP TO REA* A PAY+ PO9T40.<#d#e#d.> ,! CIRCULATION ( ,FRE$OM WAS AT ?AT TIME AB\T #c14 ,! IMPRISONM5T ( ,MALATE/A & ! PROTE/ MEET+S AT HIS ORD]$ DEPORTATION HAD 9CREAS$ 9T]E/ 9 HIS WRIT+S PUBLI%$ BY ! ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 :I* HAD BE5 GIV5 FREE ADV]TISEM5TS 9 ! ,DAILY ,H]ALD4 ,REPORTS ( AN>*I/ ACTIVITY >\ND ! C\NTRY %[$ A HEAL?Y MOVEM5T4 ,! FIR/ NATIONAL CONF]5CE ( AN>*I/S = YE>S TOOK PLACE 9 ,LE$S 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#a#b4 ,?IS WAS ORIG9ALLY CALL$ TO DISCUSS A PROGRAM PUT =W>D BY A LOCAL GR\P1 ! ,BEE/ON ,BRO!RHOOD1 :I* HAD A*IEV$ A C]TA9 LOCAL NOTORIETY ?R\< ITS COMMUNI/IC LIFE/YLE & ITS REFUSAL TO ACCEPT /ATE REGI/RATION ( P]SONAL RELATION%IPS4 ,!IR PROGRAM PROPOS$3 0,! ABOLITION ( ALL LAW2 ! DISB&+ ( ! ,>MY1 ,NAVY & POLICE2 ! SUPPRESSION ( P>LIAM5T2 ! ABOLITION ( ! CO9AGE SY/EM40 ,?IS WAS UND\BT$LY ACCEPTABLE TO MO/ ( ! DELEGATES1 BUT !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 LITTLE PO9T 9 HAV+ A CONF]5CE TO DISCUSS IT S9CE !RE W\LD BE NO?+ TO DISCUSS6 ,9 ! EV5T ! =TY-FIVE DELEGATES FROM ,5GL&1 ,IREL&1 ,SCOTL& & ,WALES AT ! CONF]5CE DISCUSS$ MORE IMM$IATE MATT]S4 ,! FIR/ WAS ! QUE/ION ( ! ORGANIZATION ( PROPAG&A & GR\PS4 ,IT WAS AGRE$ TO =M ?REE F$]ATIONS1 ONE 9 ,SCOTL&1 ONE = ,LANCA%IRE & ,YORK%IRE & ONE = ! S\? ( ,5GL&4 ,!SE W]E TO MAKE !IR [N >RANGEM5TS = EX*ANG+ SPEAK]S1 ETC4 ,! CONF]5CE ALSO DISCUSS$ A PROJECT$ WEEKLY PAP] TO BE CALL$ ! ,AN>*I/4 ,?IS WE %ALL DISCUSS A LITTLE LAT] ON4 ,! CONF]5CE CREAT$ A GREAT DEAL ( 9T]E/ 9 ,LE$S & ONE NEWSPAP] REPORT$ ?AT 0A CURI\S CR[D 9 ,BO> ,LANE 444 KEPT A KE5 LOOK \T = FURTIVE-LOOK+ /RANG]S :O MI<T REASONABLY BE SUPPOS$ TO BE ,AN>*I/S40.<#d#e#e.> ,A MEET+ HELD ON ! NI<T ( ! CONF]5CE BR\<T #b1 PEOPLE TO ,VICTORIA ,SQU>E4 ,! CONF]5CE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 5?USIA/IC1 & ONE DELEGATE WAS REPORT$ AS SAY+1 0,WE >E GO+ TO REVIVE ! ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A ( A QU>T] ( A C5TURY AGO40.<#d#e#f.> 

,! MOOD ( ! CONF]5CE REPRES5T$ A NEW VITALITY 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,ONE SIGN ( ?IS WAS ! WAY 9 :I* ! OLD ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE AN>*I/S />T$ POPP+ UP AGA94 ,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ,LANE & ,B>K] W]E TAK+ AN ACTIVE 9T]E/ 9 ! NEW MOVEM5T4 ,O!RS 9CLUD$ ,KITZ1 :O EM]G$ FROM A LONG P]IOD ( 9ACTIVITY >\ND #aii & BECAME 9CREAS+LY 9VOLV$4 ,HIS ACTIVITIES W]E 5\< TO HAVE HIM BOYCOTT$ BY ! EMPLOY]S 9 E>LY #a#i#a1 & FROM ?AT PO9T HE WAS =C$ TO EKE \T A PREC>I\S LIV+ 9 /REET M>KETS4 ,HE WROTE A SET ( ',RECOLLECTIONS & ,REFLECTIONS' 9 ,FRE$OM FROM ,JANU>Y TO ,JULY #a#i#a#b4 ,!SE >E IMPORTANT = ! 9=MATION HE GIVES ON ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & O!R ACTIVITIES ( ?AT TIME1 & ! PRES5T BOOK DRAWS HEAVILY ON !M4 ,YET ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T IS ?AT HE FELT CONFID5T 5\< ( AN AUDI5CE = !SE MEMOIRS4 ,HE DESCRIB$ HIMSELF AS 0AN OLD MAN AT ONE TIME SOME:AT DESPOND5T ( ! SUCCESS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE40.<#d#e#g.> ,HE WAS NO LONG] DESPOND5T4 ,ANO!R OLD MILITANT TO EM]GE FROM 'RETIREM5T' WAS ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI1 :O BECAME AN ACTIVE SPEAK] AGA94 ,HIS 0BOOK-L9$ CELL> UND] HIS %OP 444 9 :I* NO DAYLI<T EV] CAME0 BECAME SOME?+ ( A C5T] 9 ,HAMM]SMI? = 0Y\NG WORKM5 DISILLUSION$ BY ! TIMID PROGRAMS ( O!R P>TIES0 & = HIS OLD FRI5DS AMONG ! EXILES4.<#d#e#h.> ,F4 ,G\LD+ HAD COME BACK 9TO ! MOVEM5T >\ND #aig & CONT9U$ TO WORK ) ,ALDR$ & HIS PAP] ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT = SOME YE>S4 ,T$ ,LEGGATT1 N[ ! ,C>M5'S ,UNION ORGANIZ]1 WAS1 9 ADDITION TO HIS UNION ACTIVITIES1 = :I* HE WAS R\NDLY CONDEMN$ AS A LABOR FAKIR 9 ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT1 ACTIVE AMONG ! ,JEWI% AN>*I/S ( ! ,EA/ ,5D4 ,O!R PEOPLE :O W]E ACTIVE 5\< AGA9 TO BE NOTICEABLE W]E ,C>L ,QU9N & ,W4,B4 ,P>K] 7:O SEEM$ TO HAVE A SLI<T HANK]+ AFT] AN>*Y AGA974 

,! FACT ?AT A WEEKLY PAP] WAS BE+ PREP>$ WAS ALSO SIGNIFICANT1 PO9T+ TO A NEW SPIRIT 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT ALSO REPRES5T$ H[ RAPIDLY ! MOVEM5T C\LD GR[ 9 A LOCALITY :5 ACTIVE ORGANIZ]S & SPEAK]S W]E AVAILABLE4 ,9 ?IS CASE ! LOCALITY WAS ,GLASG[1 & ! MAN *IEFLY RESPONSIBLE = ! RAPID GR[? ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T !RE WAS ,GEORGE ,B>RETT4 ,BORN ,GEORGE ,BALL>D 9 #ahhh 9 ,H]E=D%IRE 7,B>RETT WAS HIS ADOPT$ NAME = PROPAG&A PURPOSES71 HE FIR/ BECAME ACTIVE 9 ! ,BRI/OL ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY4 ,?IS WAS AN ELECTORAL ORGANIZATION & ,B>RETT SEEMS TO HAVE BECOME RAPIDLY OPPOS$ TO POLITICAL ACTION1 = BY ,FEBRU>Y #aih ,FRE$OM IS REPORT+ HIM DI/URB+ 0! O!RWISE PEACEFUL R\T9E0 ( ?IS BODY BY ADVOCAT+ AN>*ISM4 ,HE LAT] APP>5TLY RESIGN$ FROM ! ,BRI/OL ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY4 ,BY MID-#a#i#i HE HAD MOV$ TO ,LONDON & WAS TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,BAS$ 9 ,WAL?AM/[1 HE SPOKE AT MEET+S ! L5G? & BREAD? ( ,LONDON4 ,MAT ,KAVANA< WROTE ( HIM AT ?IS TIME3 0,B>RETT'S 5]GY WAS TREM5D\S4 ,HE SPOKE ALMO/ EV]Y NI<T ( ! WEEK & W\LD (T5 CYCLE #b MILES EA* WAY TO ADDRESS A MEET+1 & ?AT AFT] A DAY'S WORK40.<#d#e#i.> ,BY ,APRIL #aia ,B>RETT HAD MOV$ TO ,GLASG[4 ,H]E HE BEGAN A SOLIT>Y CAMPAIGN ( /REET-SPEAK+ ) OCCASIONAL ASSI/ANCE FROM ,JOHN ,MC,>A FROM ,$9BUR<4 ,IT WAS NOT LONG1 H[EV]1 BE=E HE BEGAN TO ATTRACT A FOLL[+4 ,9 ,MAY #aia ,JOHN ,PATON1 ALREADY AN AN>*I/ & REC5TLY EXPELL$ FROM ! ,I4,L4,P41 DESCRIBES HIS FIR/ MEET+ ) ,B>RETT AS FOLL[S3 

444ONE EV5+ ,I SAW AN UNFAMILI> FIGURE M\NT$ ON A BOX AT ONE ( ! SPEAK+ PIT*ES4 ,I MADE ONE ( ! HALF DOZ5 PEOPLE LI/5+ TO HIM4 ,HE WAS 5GAG$ 9 A FAMILI> D5UNCIATION ( CAPITALISM & A GLANCE AT ! PAMPHLETS SPREAD ON ! /REET TOLD ME HE WAS AN AN>*I/4 

,I /UDI$ HIM ) A NEW 9T]E/4 ,!RE HAD BE5 NO AN>*I/ PROPAG&A 9 ,GLASG[ = MANY YE>S1 AL?\< AT ONE TIME !RE HAD BE5 AN ACTIVE GR\P4 ,! SPEAK] WAS A TALL1 GOOD-LOOK+ ,5GLI%MAN1 EXTREMELY ELOQU5T & ABLE1 :OSE SPEE* BETRAY$ HIS MIDDLE-CLASS ORIG94 ,! PASSIONATE CONVICTION ) :I* HE SPOKE WAS EXTRAORD9>ILY IMPRESSIVE2 HE WAS UND\BT$LY AN UNUSUAL P]SONALITY2 ! CR[D AB\T HIM SWELL$ 9 NUMB]S4 ,AS ! SPEE* DEVELOP$1 MY 9T]E/ QUICK5$ ) EXCITEM5T2 HE PROGRESS$ FROM ! USUAL ATTACK ON CAPITALISM TO A SCA?+ 9DICTM5T ( POLITICIANS & P>TICUL>LY ! LEAD]S ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY3 H]E WAS1 AT LA/1 BE+ %\T$ AT ! /REET CORN]1 ALL ! CRITICISMS :I* HAD BECOME COMMON 9 ! 'LEFT-W+' ( ! ,I4,L4,P41 BUT :I* WE'D KEEP DISCREETLY = P>TY DISCUSSION4 ,MY HE>T REJOIC$4 ,BUT IT WAS MU* MORE ?AN A M]E ATTACK ON P]SONALITIES2 IT WAS A P[]FUL ANALYSIS ( ! CAUSES ?AT PRODUC$ !M4.<#d#f.> 

,AFT] ! MEET+ ,PATON 9TRODUC$ HIMSELF TO ,B>RETT & HIS 0SOLIT>Y H5*MAN1 A QUIET Y\NG RAILWAY CL]K1 ,DOM9IC4 ,BE=E WE P>T$ ?AT NI<T WE ?REE HAD CON/ITUT$ \RSELVES ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P40 ,!Y BEGAN AN 5]GETIC CAMPAIGN ( PROPAG&A & />T$ TO ATTRACT MEMB]S4 ,AT !IR FIR/ BUS9ESS MEET+ CALL$ LAT] 9 ! YE> !Y HAD A MEMB]%IP ( TW5TY4 ,BY #a/ ,MAY #aiaa !Y HAD FIFTY MEMB]S4 7,ONE ( !M WAS ,WILLY ,GALLA<]1 LAT] A F\ND] MEMB] ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & A ,COMMUNI/ ,M4,P4 ,HE WAS /ILL A MEMB] ( ,S4,D4,F4 AT ?IS PO9T BUT WAS TO MORE FIRMLY ID5TIFY HIMSELF ) ! AN>*I/S LAT] 9 #a#i#a#b47 ,! GR\P TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! EV5TS R\ND ! SEAM5'S /RIKE ( ?AT YE> & BEGAN TO EXP& !IR ACTIVITIES \TSIDE ,GLASG[ TO ,GOVAN & ,PAISLEY2 & !IR NUMB]S 9CREAS$4 ,BY ,JUNE #a#i#a#b1 ) ! NEW PAP] ALREADY />T$1 ! ,GLASG[ GR\P W]E HOLD+ MEET+S AT TWO PLACES 9 ,GLASG[1 & AT ,PAISLEY1 ,CLYDEBANK1 ,M>YHILL & ,P>KHEAD4 ,! WEEKLY PAP] WAS BE+ PREP>$ FROM MID-#a#i#a#a4 ,B>RETT FIR/ APPROA*$ ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P1 :O FELT UNABLE TO H&LE ! PROJECT4 ,IT WAS !N DECID$ TO PRODUCE IT FROM ,GLASG[4 ,OV] ! W9T] ( #a#i#a#a-#a#i#a#b ,B>RETT W5T ON T\R TO DRUM UP F9ANCIAL SUPPORT & TO >RANGE = DI/RIBUTORS 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,SCOTL& & ,LONDON HIS T\R MET ) SOME SUCCESS & ! MOVEM5T SEEM$ 9 GOOD %APE4 ,9 ,LIV]POOL1 ,MAN*E/] & ,LE$S1 H[EV]1 ! RESPONSE WAS V]Y DISAPPO9T+ & DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ! AN>*I/ REVIVAL WAS1 AS YET1 ONLY PAT*Y4 ,BY ! TIME ( ! #aiab CONF]5CE AT ,LE$S SOME ,G,B,P#i HAD BE5 PL$G$1 BUT IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT ! PAP] C\LD HAVE APPE>$ ON #a/ ,MAY & CONT9U$ = AS LONG AS IT DID )\T ! SUPPORT ( ,GEORGE ,DAVISON4.<#d#f#a.> ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT SACRIFICES W]E NOT MADE1 & 9 FACT ,B>RETT SEEMS TO HAVE HIDD5 ! EXT5T ( ! /RUGGLE TO KEEP ! ,AN>*I/ GO+ FROM ,DAVISON4 

,GEORGE WAS WORK+ AT V]Y HI< PRESSURE1 WRIT+ >TICLES & DO+ ALL ! WORK ( $IT+ & (T5 9 ADDITION DO+ MANY ODD JOBS -- GETT+ ! PAP] ROLL$ (F1 FOLD+ & PACK+ & EV5 RU%+ TO ! PO/1 = ONE OR TWO MEMB]S ( ! GR\P GOT TIR$1 SO = WEEKS ! /RA9 WAS TREM5D\S4 444 ,=TUNATELY1 A S5SE ( HUMOR PULL$ US ?R\< MANY A TIME1 EV5 :5 ?+S W5T 9TO PAWN TO PAY ! 'COMPS' WAGES4.<#d#f#b.> 

,! PAP] CAME \T = ?IRTY-F\R ISSUES BETWE5 ,MAY #aiab & E>LY #a#i#a#c4 ,IT IS ! OP9ION ( ! PRES5T AU?OR ?AT ! PAP] PRODUC$ WAS NOT :AT ! MOVEM5T NE$$ AT ?AT TIME4 ,ITS T5D5CY WAS TOO MU* TO ! PHILOSOPHICAL & G5]AL4 ,GEORGE ,B>RETT WAS A P[]FUL SPEAK]1 AS ! MEMOIRS ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES ATTE/1 YET HIS WRIT+ & ! REPORTS ( HIS SPEE*ES %[ HIM TO HAVE BE5 SOME:AT PROLIX & RHETORICAL4 ,DESPITE SOME NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS -- ONE FROM ,A4,J4 ,COOK 7LAT] SECRET>Y ( ! ,M9]S' ,F$]ATION ( ,GREAT ,BRITA97 UND] A P5 NAME -- ! PAP] FAIL$ ?R\< 'LACK ( SUPPORT'4 ,! /RA9S SET UP BY ! RUNN+ ( ! PAP] ALSO ADV]SELY AFFECT$ ! AN>*I/ GR\P ?AT HAD SO RAPIDLY GR[N UP UND] ,B>RETT'S 9FLU5CE4 ,!RE HAD ALREADY BE5 A T5D5CY T[>DS OLIG>*Y 9 ! GR\P1 AS ,PATON'S REM>KS %[3 0,IT HAD BE5 SO OBVI\S TO ME ?AT ! BULK ( ! NEW MEMB]S \R PROPAG&A HAD ATTRACT$10 HE SAYS1 0HAD ONLY ! MO/ RUDIM5T>Y CONCEPTION ( :AT WE W]E AFT]4 ,!Y W]E ATTRACT$ 9 P>T BY !IR HATR$ ( !IR CONDITIONS BUT MORE BY ! GLAM\R ( ,GEORGE'S P]SONALITY4 ,9DE$1 AN>*I/-COMMUNISM 9 ITS SCI5TIFIC BASIS WAS NO EASY DOCTR9E = UNTRA9$ & ILL-EQUIPP$ M9DS TO GRASP40 ,E>LY ATTEMPTS TO RUN ! MEET+S ( ! GR\P ON A ,QUAK] PATT]N HAD PROV$ A FAILURE4 ,! RESULT WAS1 AS ,PATON SAYS1 ?AT 0,GEORGE & ,I1 9 CONSULTATION 9 ADVANCE1 DET]M9$ ALL ! ACTIVITIES ( ! FREE COMMUNE 9 EFFICI5T BUREAUCRATIC /YLE40.<#d#f#c.> 

,?IS OLIG>*IC T5D5CY BEGAN TO BE COMPLICAT$ BY IDEOLOGICAL DISAGREEM5TS4 ,B>RETT %>$ SOME?+ ( ! ATTITUDES ( ,TURN] & O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P :O SUPPORT$ A MILITANT TRADES UNIONISM :I* LEFT ! HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE ( ! UNIONS MORE OR LESS 9TACT4 ,9 ,AUGU/1 ,GUY ,ALDR$ WAS ALSO SPEAK+ 9 ! >EA & WAS R\NDLY CONDEMN+ TRADES UNION (FICIALS & ALL !IR WORKS & SEEMS TO HAVE F\ND A RESPONSIVE AUDI5CE4 ,IT WAS REPORT$ 9 ,OCTOB] #aiab ?AT AT A REC5T CONF]5CE ( ,SCOTTI% AN>*I/S3 0,WE HAD A FAIRLY HOT DISCUSSION ON ! DIFF]5CES ?AT HAVE SPRUNG UP AMONG US40.<#d#f#d.> ,! NATURE ( !SE 'DIFF]5CES' IS NOT SPELL$ \T1 BUT READ+ BETWE5 ! L9ES IT W\LD SEEM TO HAVE BE5 A MIXTURE ( ! DISSATISFACTIONS ) ! ORGANIZATION ( ! GR\P & DISSATISFACTIONS OV] ! L9E TAK5 OV] TRADES UNIONS4 ,9 ! ISSUE ( ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT 7,ALDR$'S PAP]7 = ,MAY #a#i#a#c1 AFT] ! DEMISE ( ! ,AN>*I/1 ,ANGUS ,MAC,KAY WROTE AN ACC\NT ( ! ,GLASG[ MOVEM5T :I* %[S H[ ! MOVEM5T !RE HAD FELT EXCLUD$ BY ! GR\P R\ND ! WEEKLY PAP]4 ,! EF=T REQUIR$ = ! PAP] SEEMS TO HAVE DISORGANIZ$ ! GR\P4 ,C]TA9LY AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ! MOVEM5T 9 ,GLASG[ SUFF]$ SOME?+ ( A RELAPSE4 ,B>RETT CAU<T A *ILL 9 ,MAY #aiac :ILE SPEAK+ :I* RAPIDLY DEVELOP$ 9TO TUB]CULOSIS1 & HE WAS !REBY L>GELY PREV5T$ FROM TAK+ AN ACTIVE ROLE 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,HE CONT9U$ TO WRITE = ! AN>*I/ PRESS & SPEAK AT MEET+S1 BUT HIS ILLESS WAS VIRUL5T & DEADLY & HE DI$ 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#g4 ,NEV]!LESS1 AT ! NATIONAL CONF]5CE 9 ,M>* #a#i#a#c1 ,B>RETT1 = ALL HIS DISAPPO9TM5T AT ! FAILURE ( ! ,AN>*I/ WAS ABLE TO BE MOD]ATELY 5?USIA/IC AB\T ! MOVEM5T AS A :OLE3 

,A G5]AL VIEW ( ! C\NTRY TODAY C]TA9LY GIVES MORE SATISFACTION ?AN IT DID AT ! TIME ( ! E>LI] GA!R+1 BUT MU* /ILL REMA9S TO BE DONE BE=E IT CAN BE SAID ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S HAVE RESPOND$ TO ! ACTUAL DEM& = ,AN>*ISM :I* ! WORK]S >E MAK+ 9 ALL P>TS 444 

,) ! POSSIBLE EXCEPTION ( ,SCOTL& -- & IT CANNOT REMA9 AN EXCEPTION = LONG -- PROGRESS HAS BE5 MADE 9 ALMO/ EV]Y P>T4 ,! ,NEWCA/LE DI/RICT IS DO+ GOOD WORK & WILL SOON BE DO+ MU* BETT]4 ,LE$S1 ( C\RSE1 IS -- ,LE$S1 & ! ,MAN*E/] PEOPLE >E /ILL WOND]+ :Y NO ONE DOES ANY?+ ALWAYS =GETT+ ?AT !Y >E ! PEOPLE :O %\LD DO IT2 BUT AP>T FROM !SE TWO T[NS1 !RE SEEMS TO BE SOME HOPE ( A REVIVAL 9 ,LANCA%IRE & ,YORK%IRE4 ,BIRM+HAM IS NOT DO+ SO WELL AS IT MI<T1 AL?\< ! ONE OR TWO ?AT DO ANY?+ SEEM TO DO ALL ?AT CAN BE DONE4 ,S\? ,WALES & ,BRI/OL >E ! MO/ ACTIVE ( ALL P]HAPS1 AL?\< !RE IS C]TA9LY NOT ! HUGE POSSIBILITIES H]E ?AT !RE >E 9 ! ,LANCA%IRE1 ,YORK%IRE OR ,SCOTTI% DI/RICTS4 

,AT ! CONF]5CE !RE W]E =TY DELEGATES FROM ,AB]TILL]Y1 ,BIRM+HAM1 ,BRI/OL1 ,DURHAM1 ,GATE%EAD1 ,GLASG[1 ,HALIFAX1 ,HANLEY1 ,H>LE*1 ,HUDD]SFIELD1 ,HULL1 ,LIV]POOL1 ,MAN*E/]1 ,NEWCA/LE-ON-,TYNE1 ,S\? ,%IELDS & ,SWANSEA4 ,!RE W]E APOLOGIES = NONATT5DANCE FROM SIX O!R T[NS4 ,BY F> ! MO/ IMPRESSIVE REPORT WAS FROM ,S\? ,WALES4 ,! ANTI-LEAD] AGITATION 9 ! ,SWANSEA VALLEY P>TICUL>LY1 BUT G5]ALLY ?R\<\T ! M9+ VALLEYS1 0HAS TAK5 HOLD ( ! MO/ E>NE/ SECTION ( ! M9+ 9DU/RY10 REPORT$ ,FRE$OM4 ,SMALL PROPAG&A GR\PS :I* CALL$ !MSELVES ',WORK]S' ,FRE$OM ,GR\PS' W]E BE+ =M$ -- !RE W]E ALREADY EI<T ( !M 9 ! ,SWANSEA VALLEY ALONE4 ,!Y HAD PUBLI%$ A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES & A PROGRAM 0?AT MAY BE ! 5VY ( EV]Y ,AN>*I/40 ,?IS MOVEM5T IS MO/ 9T]E/+4 ,IT SEEMS TO HAVE GR[N )\T PROM95T P]SONALITIES LIKE ,GEORGE ,B>RETT & TO HAVE BE5 AN \TGR[? ( ! MOVEM5T AMONG ! M9]S :I* HAD PRODUC$ ! ,M9]S' ,NEXT ,/EP4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! #aiac CONF]5CE !SE GR\PS W]E REPORT$ AS 0SPREAD+ \T MORE & MORE40 ,AT A MEET+ LAT] 9 #aiac ) #ab PEOPLE PRES5T1 ! OP5+ ( A COMMUNI/ CLUBH\SE AT ,AMMON=D WAS CELEBRAT$4 ,!Y REPORT$3 0,! ,CON/ITUTION & PROGRAM ( ! ,WORK]S ,FRE$OM ,GR\PS HAVE BE5 %AP$ UPON ! MODEL ( FUTURE SOCIETY AT :I* !Y AIM1 NAMELY ,AN>*I/-COMMUNISM4 ,ROOMS >E PROVID$ & SET AP>T = LIBR>Y1 /UDY CIRCLES & DISCUSSION CIRCLES4 ,NO *AIRMAN1 SECRET>Y1 TREASUR] OR ANY O!R (FICIAL CAN PLAY ANY P>T 9 SU* AN ORGANIZATION40.<#d#f#e.> ,!RE IS V]Y LITTLE DOCUM5TATION ON ?IS MOVEM5T 9 ! '(FICIAL' AN>*I/ PRESS & LOCAL WORK IS NECESS>Y BE=E MU* MORE CAN BE SAID4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS WOR? REF]R+ TO A %ORT DESCRIPTION ( ! M9]S' MOVEM5T 9 ,S\? ,WALES 9 ! #a#i#bS3 

,:5 ,I WAS A LAD1 ,I W\LD CREEP SURREPTITI\SLY PA/ ! C>ELESS /EW>DS 9TO ! M9]S' CONF]5CES :I* W]E TRADITIONALLY HELD 9 ,C>DIFF'S SE$Y TEMP]ANCE HALL4 ,!RE ,I W\LD LI/5 TO ! BRI<T LITTLE AL]T M5 AS !Y ELEVAT$ SOME LOCAL ISSUE ON ! COALFIELD TO ! /ATUS ( A GLORI\S PHILOSOPHICAL DIALOGUE -- & ALL ( !M W]E AN>*I/S 444 ! ESS5TIAL S5SE ( LOCALITY1 ! COMP>ATIVELY SMALL PIT :]E ALL WORK$ 7:5 WORK WAS AVAILABLE71 ! ISOLATION ( ! VALLEY VILLAGE OR T[N%IP -- ALL !SE W]E SIMIL> TO ! 5VIRONM5TAL CONDITIONS :I* CREAT$ ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T ( ,SPA94.<#d#f#f.> 

,BY ,MAY #aiac A ,WORK]S' ,FRE$OM ,GR\P HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ AT ,*OPWELL 9 ,DURHAM BY ,WILL ,LAW!R & O!RS4 7,*OPWELL HAD LONG BE5 A MILITANT M9]S' LODGE & CONT9U$ TO BE SO -- ,DAVE ,D\GLASS DESCRIBES IT AS ONE ( TWO VILLAGES 9 ,DURHAM :I* W]E CALL$ 'LITTLE ,MOSC[' 9 ! #a#i#bS47.<#d#f#g.> ,! ,*OPWELL AN>*I/S W]E SPREAD+ ! PROPAG&A 9 NEI<BOR+ PIT VILLAGES4 ,9 ,LONDON TOO ! SCALE ( ! PROPAG&A WAS GR[+4 ,9 #aiac & #a#i#a#d1 BE=E ! W>1 !RE W]E GR\PS 9 ,EA/ & ,WE/ ,LONDON1 ,=E/ ,HILL1 ,M>YLEBONE1 ,NOTT+ ,HILL1 ,FULHAM1 ,H>LESD51 ,DEPT=D & ,GRE5WI*4 ,!SE GR\PS V>I$ 9 SIZE1 BUT AT ,EA/ ,LONDON1 ,WE/ ,LONDON & ,DEPT=D BETWE5 ?REE & FIVE SPEAK+ PIT*ES A WEEK W]E BE+ MA9TA9$ BY EA* GR\P4 ,FREELANCE MEET+S 9 ! P>KS & O!R PLACES CONT9U$4 ,9 ,MAY #aiac A L>GE ANTI-MILIT>I/ DEMON/RATION WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! AN>*I/S ON ! 9ITIATIVE ( ,W4,D4 ,POND] & A GR\P ( ,FR5* AN>*I/S :O MET AT #i ,MANETTE ,/REET1 ,*>+ ,CROSS ,ROAD4 7,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE ?AT ,MANETTE ,/REET WAS ! NEW NAME = ,ROSE ,/REET -- ! SAME /REET ?AT HAD HELD ! ,ROSE ,/REET CLUB AT NUMB] #f1 9 #a#h#g#i47 ,TWO COMMITTEES W]E SET UP1 A C5TRAL ONE & AN 9DEP5D5T ONE 9 ,HACKNEY1 ,EA/ ,LONDON1 :I* SEEMS TO HAVE 9VOLV$ MEMB]S ( ! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE4 ,SEV5TY ?\S& LEAFLETS W]E DI/RIBUT$ & !RE WAS MU* COOP]ATION FROM BRAN*ES ( ! RAILWAYM51 C>M51 %OP ASSI/ANTS & TAILOR+ UNIONS4 ,BRAN*ES ( ! ,I4,L4,P4 & ,B4,S4,P4 ALSO COOP]AT$1 & ! DEMON/RATION ATTRACT$ ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O M>*$ 9 FIVE PROCESSIONS FROM ,MILE ,5D ,WA/E1 ,HI<BURY ,CORN]1 ,/ ,PANCRAS ,>*ES1 ,PADD+TON ,GRE5 & ! ,GROVE1 ,HAMM]SMI?1 TO ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E4 ,9 O!R >EAS ! MOVEM5T WAS ADVANC+4 ,AT ,HAZEL ,GROVE1 ,/OCKPORT1 A COMMUNI/ CLUB WAS OP5$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiad ) AN>*I/S FROM ,*EADLE1 ,/OCKPORT1 ,R$DI%1 ,OLDHAM & ,NEW ,MILLS4 ,! ,OLDHAM AN>*I/S W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 A ,WORK]S ,FRE$OM ,GR\P1 :I*1 LIKE ! ,S\? ,WALES GR\PS1 WAS RUN )\T (FICIALS4 ,9 ,MAY #aiad A NEW WEEKLY AN>*I/ PAP] WAS />T$ FROM ,FRE$OM'S ,OSSUL/ON ,/REET (FICE1 NAM$ ! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR & $IT$ BY ,F]D ,DUNN4 ,?IS EM]G$ FROM A MON?LY PAP] NAM$ ! ,TOR*1 :I* HE ISSU$ 9 ,JANU>Y & ,FEBRU>Y ( ?AT YE>4 ,SU* A WEEKLY PAP] HAD BE5 9T5D$ E>LI]1 BUT ,B>RETT1 :O HAD BE5 EXPECT$ TO TAKE ! $ITOR%IP1 HAD BE5 9CAPACITAT$ = A :ILE BY ILLNESS4 ,?US ! MOVEM5T HAD GR[N TO A SIGNIFICANT EXT5T :ILE ELECTORAL GR\PS HAD BE5 SUFF]+ A DECL9E4 ,YET WE HAVE CONC5TRAT$ ?US F> ON ! '(FICIAL' AN>*I/ MOVEM5T -- ! MOVEM5T ?AT S5T ITS REPORTS TO ,FRE$OM1 ?AT P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! CONF]5CES PUBLICIZ$ 9 ITS COLUMNS4 ,!RE W]E O!R GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS \TSIDE ?IS SPH]E OR ONLY P>TLY 9VOLV$ 9 IT4 ,!SE W]E = ! MO/ P>T PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 9VOLV$ ) ! MORE FIRMLY 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/ T5D5CIES ?AT LOOK$ ASKANCE AT ,FRE$OM'S T5D5CY TO OV]LOOK ! VAG>IES ( UNION LEAD]S4 ,?IS SEP>ATION T5D$ TO BE ANO!R ( ?OSE =MAL DIVIDES :I* DISSOLV$ AT GRASS-ROOTS LEVEL4 ,YET !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! VIEW !Y PRES5T$ WAS DI/9CTIVE & ?AT ! J\RNALS !Y PRODUC$ >E ( GREAT 9T]E/4 

,! LONGE/ LIV$ WAS ,GUY ,ALDR$'S ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT4 ,AS WE HAVE ALREADY SE51 ,ALDR$ HAD 9T5D$ TO ISSUE A PAP] ( ?IS NAME AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR 9 #a#i#g1 BUT HIS REMOVAL TO ,%EPH]D'S ,BU% & HIS IMPRISONM5T = ,9DIAN S$ITION HAD 9T]RUPT$ HIM4 ,DUR+ HIS IMPRISONM5T HE WAS CONTACT$ BY ,SIR ,WALT] ,/RICKL&1 A W&]+ ECC5TRIC >I/OCRAT1 :O WAS TO PROVIDE A GREAT DEAL ( F9ANCIAL SUPPORT = ,ALDR$'S PAP]4 ,ON HIS RELEASE ,ALDR$ ISSU$ ! FIR/ NUMB] ( HIS PAP] 9 ,DECEMB] #aia ) SUPPORT FROM ,/RICKL& & ,GEORGE ,DAVISON4 ,DAVISON'S SUPPORT DID NOT LA/ LONG1 H[EV] -- !RE WAS A PREPO/]\S >GUM5T BETWE5 HIM & ,ROSE ,WITCOP OV] ! SUBJECT ( 9T]IOR DECORAT+1 & ,DAVISON W5T (F 9 A HUFF4 ,! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT WAS ISSU$ MON?LY FROM ,DECEMB] #aia UNTIL ,MAY #aiad :5 ITS NAME WAS *ANG$ TO ! ,SPUR1 UND] :I* IT CONT9U$ UNTIL #a#i#b#a4 ,IT IS ! OP9ION ( ! PRES5T AU?OR ?AT ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT WAS A MORE VITAL & 9T]E/+ PAP] ?AN ,FRE$OM4 ,! 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,FRE$OM T5D$ TO BE A LITTLE BL9K]$ BY A SET ( DOCTR9AIRE IDEAS4 ,= ALL ,ALDR$'S UND\BT$ EGOTISM & HI< SELF-REG>D1 HE WAS REALLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY ?AT LAY BEH9D G5]AL PR9CIPLES4 ,AS HE HIMSELF WAS TO SAY3 0,CAT*WORDS HAVE SACRIFIC$ FRE$OM TO DESPOTISM TOO (T54 444 ,M>X'S WAT*WORD HAS REPLAC$ ,*RI/'S2 ,MORRIS'S HYMNS HAVE SUP]S$$ ,WESLEY'S4 ,! J>GON ( \R FAI? HAS *ANG$ BUT IT IS EV]Y :IT AS LIFELESS2 A DULL1 HEAVY1 SOLEMN DOGMA M\!D 9 UNBELIEF1 & TWI/$ & TURN$ TO ACC\NT BY EV]Y FAKIR1 :O F9DS 9 ! LATE/ J>GON A MORE ACCEPTABLE CANT ?AN 9 ?OSE ?AT HAVE GONE BE=E4 444 ,= SU* IGNORANT TRU/ 9 WORDS1 ! ONLY REM$Y IS LIVE & VITAL PROPAG&A1 /EADY CONSI/5T WORK+ T[>DS ! EV]-COM+ DAWN40.<#d#f#h.> 

,HIS PAP] C\LD OCCASIONALLY SEEM A LITTLE WAYW>D :5 ECLECTIC COLLECTIONS ( RA!R >CANE MAT]IAL W]E PUT TOGE!R4 ,YET ?IS REPRES5T$ A WIDE RANGE ( 9T]E/S4 ,FREE-?\<T1 ! /RUGGLE ( ,C>LYLE = A FREE PRESS 9 ! E>LY P>T ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 CONT9U+ CONC]N ) ,9DIAN AFFAIRS -- ALL ?IS MAT]IAL APPE>$ 9 HIS PAP]4 ,?IS WAS ! RESULT ( ,ALDR$'S CONC]N = AN ONGO+ DISCUSSION ( IDEAS RA!R ?AN A PRES5TATION ( AN ALREADY DEVELOP$ POSITION4 ,ALDR$ DELI<T$ 9 DEBATE & SEV]AL CONTEMPOR>IES HAVE NOT$ HIS READY REP>TEE4 7,ONE P>TICUL>LY DELI<TFUL 9CID5T WAS AT A MEET+ ON ! NECESSITY = FREE-?\<T4 ,HE SAID1 0,:5 ,CON/ANT9E ADOPT$ ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION IT WAS A POLITICAL DODGE1 ! SAME AS :5 !Y PUT ,JOHN ,BURNS 9 ! ,CAB9ET40 ,! LOCAL ,*RI/IAN MILITANTS W]E 9C5S$ AT ?IS BLASPHEMY47 ,ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS HE WAS TO PR9T SELECTIONS ( ! MORE LIB]T>IAN WRIT+S ( ,M>X UND] ! HEAD+ ',WAS ,M>X AN ,AN>*I/8' & COMP>$ !M ) SIMIL> PASSAGES 9 ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S4 ,HE ALSO REPR9T$ SOME ',AN>*I/ ,PORTRAITS' BY ,MALATO1 ORIG9ALLY WRITT5 9 #a#h#i#d1 :I* TOOK AS !IR SUBJECTS ! 'GR&S AN>S' ( ! T]RORI/ P]IOD :OM ! MORE 'PHILOSOPHICAL' AMONG ! AN>*I/S PREF]R$ NOT TO TALK AB\T4 ,HE ALSO PR9T$ SOME EXCELL5T PIECES BY ,JAMES ,TIMEWELL :O WROTE ON ! REGUL> ABUSES BY ! POLICE ( !IR P[]4 ,TIMEWELL SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 A ONEMAN ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL = ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES AT A TIME :5 ! WORD ( A POLICEMAN1 EV5 MORE SO ?AN TODAY1 C\LD S5D SOMEONE TO JAIL NO MATT] H[ GOOD ! DEF5SE CASE4 

,ALDR$ WAS PRIM>ILY A PROPAG&I/ RA!R ?AN AN ORGANIZ]1 ?\< HE DOES DES]VE ! TITLE ( AGITATOR4 ,HIS 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! POLITICS ( ! TIME W]E REAL 5\<4 ,! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT D5\NC$ ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P = ITS REFUSAL TO RECOGNIZE ! FAKIRDOM ( ,JOHN ,TURN]4 ,MORE SPECTACUL>LY HE ACCUS$ ,HYNDMAN ( HAV+ A F9ANCIAL 9T]E/ 9 ! PROPAGATION ( HIS J+O IDEAS4.<#d#f#i.> ,ALDR$ DEMON/RAT$ QUITE CLE>LY ?AT ,HYNDMAN HAD BE5 9VOLV$ ) ! ',COLT ,GUN & ,C>RIAGE ,CO4 ,LTD4'1 :OSE %>ES ROSE & FELL ) W> SC>ES4 ,HE W5T ON TO ALLEGE ?AT ,HYNDMAN'S BELLICOSE PATRIOTISM WAS DESIGN$ TO 9CREASE ! VALUE ( !SE %>ES3 0,HYNDMAN'S J+OI/IC POLICY IS DICTAT$ BY HIS F9ANCIAL 9T]E/S 9 HUMAN MURD]40 ,HIS 7CLE>LY LIBEL\S7 ALLEGATIONS W]E WIDELY REPR9T$ ABROAD ?\< NOT TAK5 UP 9 ,5GL&4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! PROSECUTION ( ,B[MAN & ! ,BUCK BRO!RS 9 #aiab IT WAS ONLY ?R\< A NUMB] ( MISUND]/&+S ?AT HE DID NOT PR9T ! ,SYNDICALI/ DUR+ ,B[MAN'S IMPRISONM5T -- APP>5TLY ,FRE$OM HAD BE5 ASK$ TO PR9T IT BUT HAD DECL9$4 ,:5 LEFT-W+ NEWSPAP] SELL]S W]E BE+ H>ASS$ BY ! POLICE = 'OB/RUCTION' 9 ,HYDE ,P>K 9 #aiaa ,ALDR$ ORGANIZ$ A BIG 'SELL9'4' ,9 ADDITION TO A L>GE TURN\T ( LEFT-W+ NEWSPAP]-SELL]S HE ALSO >RANG$ = A L>GE 'OB/RUCTIVE' CR[D TO SURR\ND ! ALWAYS UNHAMP]$ ,*RI/IAN ,EVID5CE SELL]S1 :I* CREAT$ AN EMB>RASS+ IMPASSE = ! POLICE4 

,?US ,ALDR$ US$ HIS J\RNAL AS AN ACTIVE BASE RA!R ?AN AS A PONTIFICATORY >M*AIR4 ,HIS MA9 CONTACTS W]E ) ! GR\P R\ND ! ,9DU/RIALI/1 :I*1 IF NOT AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 C]TA9LY 9CLUD$ MANY AN>*I/S 9 ITS RANKS4 ,9 ,M>* #aiab ,9DU/RIALI/ WAS WRIT+ TO ,FRE$OM3 0,I F9D ?AT MANY ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONI/S >E AV[$ ,AN>*I/S & MANY O!RS >E VIRTUALLY ,AN>*I/ )\T KN[+ IT3 ! BALANCE IS RAPIDLY BECOM+ A NEGLIGIBLE QUANTITY1 AS IT IS BE+ ABSORB$ BY ! O!R SECTIONS4 ,I HOLD !RE=E ?AT ALL WORK+ CLASS ,AN>*I/S %\LD JO9 ! ,I4,W4,W4 444 ,I HAVE BE5 A MEMB] ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,LEAGUE = A CONSID]ABLE TIME4 ,! O!R MEMB]S ) :OM ,I HAPP5 TO BE ACQUA9T$ >E ALSO ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S & 9CLUDE SOME ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL MEMB]S ( ! ,LEAGUE40 7,! ,9DU/RIALI/ ,LEAGUE HAD BE5 GRANT$ A *>T] AS ! ,5GLI% SECTION ( ! ,*ICAGO SECTION ( ! ,I4,W4,W4 9 LATE #a#i#a4 ,! ,*ICAGO ,I4,W4,W4 WAS DI/9CT FROM ! ,DETROIT SECTION1 ! =M] BE+ FIRMLY ANTI-POLITICAL & 'DIRECT ACTION' 9 ORI5TATION47 ,9 #aiaa ,ALDR$ WAS HOLD+ JO9T MEET+S ) ,9DU/RIALI/ ,LEAGUE SPEAK]S4 ,!Y CONTRIBUT$ >TICLES TO HIS PAP] & HE TO !IRS4 ,BO? PAP]S C>RI$ ADV]TISEM5TS = ! O!R4 ,:5 ! ,9DU/RIALI/ SUSP5D$ PUBLICATION 9 ,JUNE #aiab BECAUSE ( F9ANCIAL DIFFICULTIES1 ,ALDR$ (F]$ TO COME TO AN >RANGEM5T :]EBY ! ,9DU/RIALI/ ,LEAGUE C\LD USE HALF ( ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT 9 RETURN = HELP+ ITS CIRCULATION4 ,?IS >RANGEM5T DOES NOT SEEM TO HAVE MATUR$1 BUT = SEV]AL ISSUES MEMB]S ( ! ,9DU/RIALI/ ,LEAGUE WROTE PIECES ( A SEMI-'9T]NAL' NATURE4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,*ICAGO ,I4,W4,W4 S5T AN ORGANIZ] NAM$ ,SWAZEY TO ,5GL& 9 #a#i#a#c1 & BY ! 5D ( ?AT YE> !RE W]E SOME SIX BRAN*ES ( ! ,I4,W4,W4 9 ! C\NTRY & A NEWSPAP]1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]1 WAS BE+ PUBLI%$4 

,FRI5DLY RELATIONS W]E PRES]V$ ) ! AN>*I/S H[EV]3 ! ,I4,W4,W4 PLAT=M 9 ,HYDE ,P>K & O!R PLACES WAS US$ BY !M4 ,L9KS W]E CLOSE BETWE5 ,ALDR$1 O!R AN>*I/S1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,LEAGUE_/,I4,W4,W4 & GR\PS LIKE ! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE4 ,H5RY ,S>A1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,9DU/RIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 !N COOP]AT$ ) ,ALDR$ ON ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT 7& ALSO 9CID5TALLY BECAME = A :ILE ,ROSE ,WITCOP'S LOV]74 ,ALDR$ SPOKE (T5 = ! ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE1 :I* 9CLUD$ ,A4,B4 ,ELSBURY1 ,BEA*AM & ,R4,M4 ,FOX1 ALL ( :OM W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,I4,W4,W41 & ! LATT] TWO W]E CONTRIBUTORS TO ,ALDR$'S PAP]4 ,ELSBURY & ,FOX W]E AT V>I\S TIMES $ITORS ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]4 ,FOX WAS ACTIVE ) ,POND] 9 ,EA/ ,LONDON 9 ! ANTI-MILIT>I/ AGITATION4 ,AN OLD AN>*I/ ASSOCIATE ( ,ALDR$'S1 ,*>LES ,LAHR1 HAD A BOOK%OP 9 ,HOLBORN4 ,FOX RECALL$ ?AT 0,MO/ ( ?OSE :O CLU/]$ R\ND ! %OP W]E EI!R MEMB]S ( ! ,I4,W4,W4 OR AFFECT$ BY ! ,SYNDICALI/S1 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/1 MILITANT LABOR IDEAS40.<#d#g.> ,I4,W4,W4 MEMB]S ALSO HAD LODG+S ABOVE ! %OP4 ,IT IS A FUR!R EXAMPLE ( A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ MILIEU :I* EF=TLESSLY IGNOR$ =MAL B\ND>IES4 

,IT IS NOT ALTOGE!R CLE> :AT HAPP5$ TO A NUMB] ( GR\PS ?AT SPRANG UP R\ND ,ALDR$'S PAP] 9 #a#i#a#a4 ,A ,NOR? ,LONDON ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P WAS ! FIR/ =M$ & 9 ,FEBRU>Y WAS REPORT$ AS MANN+ TWO PIT*ES A WEEK4 ,BY ,MAY !RE W]E ?REE4 7,ONE ( ! SPEAK]S WAS ,MESS]1 POSSIBLY ! SAME MAN AS ! ,MESS] :O WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,CLYDE ,WORK]S' ,COMMITTEE 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE47 ,ALSO 9 ,MAY ! ,HAMM]SMI? ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY WAS ADV]TIS$ -- ! RESULT ( A DIRECT ACTIONI/ SPLIT FROM ! ,S4,D4,F4 -- & ! ,S\? ,LONDON ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P CAME 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,BY ,OCTOB] #aiaa !RE W]E TWO MORE GR\PS AT ,EA/ ,HAM & ,MANOR ,P>K4 ,YET BY MID-#a#i#a#b !RE W]E ONLY TWO ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\PS1 ONE 9 ,WE/ ,LONDON & ANO!R 9 ,GLASG[4 ,:E!R ! O!RS BECAME M]ELY MORIBUND OR1 AS IS MORE LIKELY1 DISSOLV$ V>I\SLY 9TO O!R AN>*I/ GR\PS1 ! ,I4,W4,W41 ! ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE OR O!R GR\PS1 IS NOT CLE>4 ,! REASON = !IR MU%ROOM GR[? & DISAPPE>ANCE IS POSSIBLY DUE TO ,ALDR$'S 9CREAS+LY WIDESPREAD PROPAG&A :I* ALL[$ HIM LESS TIME TO CONC5TRATE ON ,LONDON4 ,C]TA9LY AFT] MID-#a#i#a#b HE WAS MORE OR LESS COMMUT+ BETWE5 ,GLASG[ & ,WE/ ,LONDON -- ! ONLY PLACES :]E ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\PS REMA9$ 9 EXI/5CE4 

,ONE O!R PAP] IS WOR? NOTICE FROM ! AN>*I/ PO9T ( VIEW4 ,?IS WAS ,JACK ,TANN]'S ,SOLID>ITY1 :I*1 ( C\RSE1 IS SIGNIFICANT FROM O!R PO9TS ( VIEW TOO4 ,JACK ,TANN] HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T S9CE #aiaa :5 HE HAD BECOME A COORD9ATOR ( AN>*I/ MEET+S 9 ,LONDON AFT] A MEET+ 9 ,AUGU/4 ,HE WAS A REGUL> SPEAK]1 & A MEMB] = A :ILE ( ! ,M>YLEBONE GR\P 9 #aiab =M$ \T ( ! AN>*I/ MEET+S 9 ,REG5T'S ,P>K4 ,HE WAS SECRET>Y TO ! ,MALATE/A ,RELEASE ,COMMITTEE UNTIL ,ALDR$ TOOK OV]4 ,HE SEEMS TO HAVE BECOME 9VOLV$ 9 ! AMALGAMATION COMMITTEE MOVEM5T & 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aiac ,SOLID>ITY WAS PUBLI%$ AS ! ORGAN ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,DEMOCRACY ,LEAGUE1 :I* WAS A RECON/ITUT$ =M ( ! ,AMALGAMATION ,COMMITTEES ,F$]ATION4 ,TANN]'S PRECISE RELATION%IP TO ! PAP] AT ?IS PO9T IS NOT CLE> BUT >TICLES BY HIM APPE> 9 ! ISSUES :I* APPE>$ UP TO ,JUNE-,JULY #a#i#a#d4 ,LAT] ON ,TANN] IS MORE CLE>LY 9 AN $ITORIAL ROLE4 ,HIS AN>*I/ LEAN+S >E CLE>4 ,HE QUITE FIRMLY D5\NCES 0! ,WAGE ,SY/EM & ! ,/ATE40 ,W>TIME ISSUES ( ! PAP] W]E TO 9CLUDE PIECES BY ,/AV5HAG51 :O HAD WRITT5 = ! ,H]ALD ( ,REVOLT1 & REPR9TS ( ,KROPOTK9'S ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD4 ,IT ALSO 9CLUD$ HIL>I\S 'PHR5OLOGICAL' /UDIES ( PROM95T LABOR POLITICIANS BY ! VET]AN ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI :]E P>TICUL> ATT5TION WAS DRAWN TO 0BUMPS ( AMBITION0 OR 0BUMPS ( AV>ICE40 ,TANN]'S LAT] ACTIVITY CAN BE UND]/OOD MORE READILY IF WE REMEMB] ?IS E>LY TRA9+4 

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