,AFT]WORD 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,JOHN ,QUAIL 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,TEXT 3 

,B,I,O,G,R,A,P,H,I,E,S 

,A,L,F,R,$ ,B,>,T,O,N 

,ALFR$ ,B>TON WAS BORN ON #c? ,JULY #ahfh AT ,KEMPTON 9 ,B$=D%IRE1 ! SON ( A F\NDRY LABOR] ,H5RY ,B>TON & HIS WIFE ,ELIZA1 NEE ,SAVILL4 ,SELF-$UCAT$1 HE BECAME WELL 9=M$ 9 PHILOSOPHY & HI/ORY1 ESPECIALLY CLASSICAL HI/ORY4 ,HE WAS ABLE TO READ SEV]AL LANGUAGES4 ,NOT MU* IS KN[N ( HIS E>LY YE>S 9 ,B$=D%IRE4 ,HIS FIR/ JOB WAS 9 A PUBLIC LIBR>Y AT ! AGE ( #a#b4 ,HE LEFT HOME >\ND #ahi TO GO TO ,MAN*E/]4 ,H]E HE BECAME A MEMB] ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 & ALREADY HAD /RONG AN>*I/ T5D5CIES4 ,HE WORK$ FIR/ AS A CL]K & !N 9 ,RYL&S ,LIBR>Y4 ,HE ?REW HIMSELF 9TO ! WORK ( ! ,LEAGUE :I* BEGAN AN 9T5SIVE PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN4 ,ACTIVE ALONGSIDE HIM WAS ,H]B]T ,/OCKTON 7AN ODD JOB MAN & LAT] AN 9DU/RIAL ASSURANCE AG5T ACCORD+ TO ,GEORGE ,CORES71 :O RAN A DRAP]S %OP 9 ,LEV5%ULME1 & HIS BRO!R ,]NE/4 

,V]Y ACTIVE DUR+ ! FREE SPEE* FI<T L$ BY ! ,MAN*E/] AN>*I/S 7#a#h#i#c-#a#h#i#d7 DUR+ :I* HE WAS >RE/$4 ,B>TON M>RI$ ,ELEANOR ',NELLIE' ,/OCKTON 7BORN #a#h#g#b_/#a#h#g#c7 SI/] TO ,H]B]T & ,]NE/ 9 #a#h#i#d4 ,%E WAS ONE ( MANY Y\NG WOM5 :O SUPPORT$ ! OP5 AIR MEET+S4 ,%E WAS A V]Y PROM95T MEMB] ( ! ,WOM5'S ,COOP]ATIVE ,GUILD & LIKE H] BRO!RS DESCRIB$ H]SELF AS AN AN>*I/-COMMUNI/4 ,! ,B>TONS MOV$ TO ,%EFFIELD 9 #a#h#i#g4 ,H]E ,ALF JO9$ ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY & />T$ MOV+ AWAY FROM HIS RADICAL POSITIONS4 ,HE GA9$ A REPUTATION 9 ,%EFFIELD AS ',! ,MONOLI? ,ORATOR'4 ,HE HAD BY N[ AB&ON$ AN>*ISM1 JO9$ ! ,%OP ,ASSI/ANTS ,UNION & WAS ITS DELEGATE TO ! ,TRADES ,C\NCIL4 ,9 #aig HE WAS ELECT$ C\NCILOR = ,BRI<TSIDE ,W>D1 BUT LO/ ! SEAT 9 #a#i#a4 ,DISCONT5T$ ) ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 HE JO9$ ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 9 #a#i#a#a1 ISSU+ ! PAMPHLET ,! ,UNIV]SAL ,/RIKE1 :I* H>K$ BACK TO HIS AN>*I/ IDEAS1 9 ! SAME YE>4 ,HE REGA9$ ,BRI<TSIDE 9 #aiac AS A ,B4,S4,P4 C&IDATE & )\T ,TRADES ,C\NCIL SUPPORT & HELD IT UNTIL #a#i#b4 ,HE SUPPORT$ ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE4 ,AFT] A BRIEF P]IOD ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HE REJO9$ ! ,I4,L4,P4 ,AFT] TWO UNSUCCESSFUL P>LIAM5T>Y CONTE/S HE REJO9$ ! ,TRADES ,C\NCIL 9 #a#i#b#f1 BECOM+ AN ALD]MAN 9 #a#i#b#i4 ,HE DI$ ON #i? ,DECEMB] #a#i#c#c4 ,NELLIE EV5TUALLY EMIGRAT$ TO ,NEW ,ZEAL& :]E %E DI$ 9 ,PAPATOETOE ON #i? ,M>* #a#i#f4 

,C,Y,R,I,L ,B,E,L,L 

,CYRIL ,BELL1 M$ICAL /UD5T & LECTUR]1 :O GIVES ! 9=MATION 9 ,COMMONWEAL ?AT HE WAS A 0M\NTA9 DEVIL0 FROM MID-,WALES1 WAS ACTIVE 9 ,SCOTL&1 ,%EFFIELD & ,LONDON4 ,HE SPOKE 9 ,$9BUR< 9 #ahia = ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,*ICAGO M>TYRS4 ,LAT] HE WAS SECRET>Y ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL'S ,FREE ,S*OOL 9 ,FITZROVIA1 ,LONDON4 

,L,\,I,S,A ,S,>,A,H ,B,E,V,+,T,O,N 

,L\ISA ,S>AH ,BEV+TON WAS BORN 9TO A ,QUAK] FAMILY ON #a#h? ,MAY #a#h#d#e1 9 ,/ ,JOHN'S ,HILL1 ,BATT]SEA4 ,! OCCUPATION ( H] FA!R WAS DESCRIB$ AS A 'G5TLEMAN'4 ,%E WAS ! OLDE/ ( EI<T *ILDR51 SEV5 ( :OM W]E GIRLS4 ,%E />T$ WRIT+ V]SE AT AN E>LY AGE4 

,NOT LONG AFT] %E PUBLI%$ H] SECOND VOLUME ( POEMS 9 #a#h#h#b1 %E W5T TO ,G]MANY & 9 #ahhc M>RI$ A ,MUNI* >TI/ ,IGNATZ ,FELIX ,GUGG5B]G]4 ,! M>RIAGE LA/$ LESS ?AN EI<T YE>S1 & %E RETURN$ TO ,LONDON 9 #a#h#i4 ,%E BEGAN TO FREQU5T AN>*I/ CIRCLES1 RE/>T+ H] C>E] UND] H] MAID5 NAME4 ,BY ! MID-#a#h#iS1 ,BEV+TON KNEW MANY ,LONDON AN>*I/S & WAS RECOGNIZ$ AS AN AN>*I/ POET4 ,%E PROBABLY BECAME ACQUA9T$ ) AN>*ISM ?R\< MEET+ ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON1 :O HAD JO9TLY F\ND$ ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,FRE$OM 9 #a#h#h#f4 

,REJECT+ ! TACTICS ( ! BOMB & DYNAMITE BE+ ESP\S$ BY SOME AN>*I/S 9 ,BRITA91 %E ASSOCIAT$ ) ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,LIB]TY 7SUBTITL$ ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM71 $IT$ BY ! TAILOR ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI FROM ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#d4 ,%E WROTE MANY >TICLES & POEMS = IT1 AS WELL AS = O!R AN>*I/ PAP]S1 LIKE ! ,TOR*1 $IT$ BY ! TWO Y\NG NIECES1 ,HEL5 & ,OLIVIA1 ( ! >TI/ ,DANTE ,GABRIEL ,ROSSETTI4 ,%E WAS 9VOLV$ 9 EF=TS TO SET UP AN ORGANIZATION1 ! AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ ,ALLIANCE & WROTE AN ,AN>*I/ ,MANIFE/O = IT1 :I* WAS DI/RIBUT$ ON #a/ ,MAY #ahie 7! ,ALLIANCE APPE>S NOT TO HAVE SURVIV$ LONG74 ,%E TRANSLAT$ ,L\ISE ,MI*EL'S ESSAY ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 9TO ,5GLI% & WAS A GOOD FRI5D ( ! AU?OR4 

,AT ! AGE ( #e 9 #a#h#i#e1 ,BEV+TON WAS /ILL ACTIVE BUT WAS SUFF]+ FROM BAD HEAL?1 NAMELY HE>T DISEASE ?AT HAD BE5 AFFLICT+ H] = YE>S4 ,%E MANAG$ TO WRITE SOME >TICLES = ,LIB]TY 9 ?AT YE> & H] LA/ COLLECTION ( POEMS = ,LIB]TY ,PRESS4 

,%E DI$ ON #b#h? ,NOVEMB] #ahie 9 ,LE*M]E1 AS ! RESULT ( DROPSY & MITRAL DISEASE ( ! HE>T4 ,H] FUN]AL AT ,F9*LEY CEMET]Y WAS ATT5D$ BY H] OLD COMRADE ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI1 ,KROPOTK91 & ! ,ROSSETTI SI/]S1 AMONG O!RS4 

,G,U,/,A,V,E ,B,R,O,*,] 

,GU/AVE ,BRO*] WAS BORN 9 ,DELLE1 ,FRANCE 9 #a#h#e4 ,HE WAS RAIS$ BY HIS FA!R 9 A ,F\RI]I/ TRADITION4 ,DESPITE ?IS HE /UDI$ !OLOGY & BECAME A PRIE/ BUT APPE>S TO HAVE REJECT$ ?IS1 & !N W5T (F TO ,RUSSIA AS A PRIVATE TEA*]4 ,HE W5T TO ,LONDON 9 #a#h#g#e1 :]E HE EV5TUALLY JO9$ ! ,VP]$6 GR\P & BECAME A SOCIALI/4 

,9 #ahgi HE BECAME AN AN>*I/ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,PAUL ,BR\SSE & CO-$IT$ ! NEWSPAP] ,LE ,TRAVAIL 7,LABOR7 BETWE5 #ahh & #a#h#h#a4 ,HE BECAME ACTIVE 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & AN>*I/ CIRCLES 9 ,LONDON4 ,HE *AIR$ A COMMITTEE TO ORGANIZE A ,LONDON ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS 9 #a#h#h#a1 & HE REPRES5T$ ! ,I[A ,IC>IANS AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y & ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS ON #a#d? TO #a#i? ,JULY #a#h#h#a4 

,HE MET ,VICTOR9E ,R\*Y !RE1 & !Y LAT] GOT M>RI$ 9 #ahhg & ADOPT$ FIVE ORPHANS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,HE CONTRIBUT$ >TICLES TO ,H5RY ,SEYM\R'S MON?LY PAP] ! ,AN>*I/ 7#a#h#h#e-#a#h#h#g74 ,) ,FRANK ,KITZ HE PUBLI%$ AN ,5GLI% LANGUAGE ,FREIHEIT 9 DEF5SE ( ,JOHANN ,MO/1 & SEV5 ISSUES ( ?IS APPE>$ FROM ,APRIL TO ,JUNE #a#h#h#a4 

,HAMM]SMI? ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY M9UTES REPORT ?AT HE LECTUR$ TO ! BRAN* TWICE 9 #ahhe ON ',! ,PHALAN/]E' & ',! ,IC>IAN ,COMMUNITIES'4 ,! ,AUGU/ #ahhe ,COMMONWEAL REPORTS HIS S++ ( ! OLD SONG FROM ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ',LA ,C>MAGNOLE1' AT ! FIR/ ANNUAL ,LEAGUE CONF]5CE4 ,BETWE5 #ahhe & #ahig HE PUBLI%$ ?REE ,FR5* TRANSLATIONS & READ]S 9 ,LONDON4 ,9 #ahia HE MOV$ TO ,LAUSANNE 9 ,SWITZ]L&4 ,LAT] HE RETURN$ = A :ILE TO ,LONDON4 ,AN #ahic ISSUE ( ,FRE$OM LI/S HIM AS A SPEAK]1 & HE MAY WELL HAVE BE5 ! ,BRO*] AT ,M>Y ,M[BRAY'S FUN]AL 9 #ahic :O SPOKE AS A REPRES5TATIVE ( A ',FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,SECTION' ( ! ,LEAGUE4 

,HE TAU<T AT ! ACADEMY ( ,FIUME 9 ,ITALY FROM #aiaa TO #a#i#a#d4 ,HE CONTRIBUT$ TO MANY AN>*I/ P]IODICALS & PUBLICATIONS LIKE ! ,5CYCLOP$IE ,AN>*I/E &1 AS A MILITANT FREE?9K] FROM ! #a#h#hS ON1 TO NUM]\S SECUL>I/ PAP]S4 ,HE WAS $ITOR ( ,LA ,LIBRE ,P5SEE 7,FREE-?\<T7 FROM #aiah UNTIL HIS DEA?4 

,HE WROTE SEV]AL BOOKS BETWE5 #a#i#a#e-#a#i#a#h 9 ,FRANCE ON ,RUSSIAN TOPICS1 & $IT$ SELECTIONS ( A ,DICTIONAIRE DES ,A!ES 7,DICTION>Y ( ,A!I/S74 ,HIS PAMPHLET ,ABSURDITES ET ATROCITES DE LA ,BIBLE 7,$ITIONS DE ,L',IDEE ,LIBRE7 APPE>$ 9 #a#i#b#f4 

,N,A,N,N,I,E ,F,L,O,R,5,C,E ,D,R,Y,H,U,R,/ 7,M,R,S ,D,R,Y,H,U,R,/7 

,HANNAH ,ANN ,ROB9SON WAS BORN 9 ,DUBL9 ON #a#g? ,JUNE #a#h#e#f4 ,%E WAS ! DAU<T] ( ,ALEX&] ,ROB9SON A DY] & ,EMILY NEE ,EGAN4 ,H] SI/]S CALL$ H] ,NANNIE1 & %E DECID$ TO *ANGE H] NAME TO ,NANNIE ,FLOR5CE4 ,?IS WAS BECAUSE %E HAD A FRI5D CALL$ ,FLOR5CE :O DI$ Y\NG4 ,AFT] H] FA!R'S DEA? 9 ! MID-#a#h#gS %E BECAME A S*OOL GOV]NESS 9 ,IREL& & !N ,LONDON :]E %E LOOK$ AFT] ,NELLIE ,T5ISON AN ,IRI% DOCTOR'S DAU<T]4 ,! DOCTOR MAY HAVE SEXUALLY H>ASS$ H]1 AS 9DICAT$ 9 LETT]S1 & %E SUDD5LY RETURN$ TO ,IREL&4 

,DOCTOR ,T5ISON WAS ! FAMILY DOCTOR ( ! ,DRYHUR/ FAMILY1 & ?IS MAY HAVE BE5 H[ %E MET ,ALFR$ ,ROB]T ,DRYHUR/1 USUALLY KN[N AS ,ROY4 ,!Y BECAME 5GAG$ 9 #ahhb & W]E M>RI$ 9 ,AUGU/ #a#h#h#d4 ,!RE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 SOME AMBIVAL5CE FROM ,NANNIE T[>DS ! RELATION%IP1 :I* HAD BE5 CONDUCT$ = A LONG TIME 9 ! =M ( LETT]S4 ,NEV]!LESS ! M>RIAGE TOOK PLACE4 ,A YE> LAT] A DAU<T]1 ,NORAH1 WAS BORN 9 ,LONDON1 & ?REE YE>S LAT] ANO!R DAU<T]1 ,SYLVIA 7:O AS ,SYLVIA ,LYND WAS TO BECOME A POET & NOVELI/74 

,NANNIE WAS PASSIONATE AB\T ! ,IRI% 9DEP5D5CE /RUGGLE4 ,%E GRAVITAT$ T[>DS ! GR\P >\ND ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON & BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FROM ! LATE #a#h#hS4 ,%E HAD BROK5 ) ! ,FABIANS & BECAME AN AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ & A!I/4 ,%E BECAME A REGUL> CORRESPOND5T = ,FRE$OM FROM ! BEG9N+4 ,AS ,WILLIAM ,WESS WROTE 9 A MEMOIR 9 ,FRE$OM ( ,JANU>Y #a#i#c#a3 0SPEAK+1 DEBAT+1 H&+ \T BILLS1 OR GO+ >\ND ) ! COLLECTION PLATE2 NO?+ WAS TOO MU* OR TOO LITTLE = H] TO DO40 ,%E (T5 $IT$ ! PAP] :IL/ ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON WAS AWAY1 AS WELL AS 0WRIT+ UP NOTES & COMM5TS ON CONTEMPOR>Y EV5TS1 CORRESPOND+ ) COMRADES ALL OV] ! C\NTRY2 GETT+ !M TO S5D UP REPORTS ( PROPAG&A2 PUTT+ %IP-%APE ALL !IR NOTICES & REPORTS0 7,WESS74 ,%E SPOKE ,FR5*1 ,G]MAN1 & ,IRI% ,GAELIC & WAS AN EXP]I5C$ TRANSLATOR 7%E WAS ALSO AN ACCOMPLI%$ >TI/ & PA9T$ ,*RI/MAS C>DS TO ORD]74 ,?IS WAS ( GREAT USE 9 H] TRANSLATION ( >TICLES = ,FRE$OM1 & %E TRANSLAT$ ,KROPOTK9'S BOOK ,! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION 9TO ,5GLI%4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#h#iS %E REPLAC$ ,WILSON AS $ITOR = A %ORT :ILE4 

,%E TAU<T AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,S*OOL1 ! AN>*I/ FREE S*OOL SET UP AT #ai ,FITZROY ,SQU>E 9 ,LONDON 9 ! E>LY #a#h#iS BY ! EXEMPL>Y ,FR5* AN>*I/ & ,COMMUN>D ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 WORK+ ALONGSIDE H] & ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON1 ,AGNES ,H5RY & ,CYRIL ,BELL4 ,9 #ahig %E WAS ACTIVE 9 GIV+ SUPPORT TO ,SPANI% AN>*I/ REFUGEES FLEE+ FROM SAVAGE REPRESSION4 ,%E VISIT$ & F9ANCIALLY SUPPORT$ ! AN>*I/ COLONY AT ,CL\SD5 ,HILL1 NE> ,NEWCA/LE1 :I* EXI/$ FROM #ahie TO #a#i#b4 

,%E BEGAN A LONG AFFAIR ) ! J\RNALI/ ,H5RY 7,H4,W47 ,NEV9SON :OM %E FIR/ MET 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#i#b4 ,?IS RELATION%IP F9ALLY COLLAPS$ 9 #a#i#a#b4 ,IT WAS ?R\< H] ?AT ,NEV9SON BRIEFLY BECAME 9VOLV$ ) ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P & BECAME A CLOSE FRI5D ( ,KROPOTK94 

,9 #aif %E BECAME A MEMB] ( ! ,GEORGIAN ,RELIEF ,COMMITTEE1 TRAVEL+ !RE ON FACT-F9D+ VISITS4 ,%E LE>N$ ,GEORGIAN FROM ! AN>*I/ ASSOCIATE ( ,KROPOTK91 ,VLADIMIR ,*]KESOV1 & ! FOLL[+ YE> SPOKE AT AN 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CE AT ! ,HAGUE ON ! SUBJECTION ( ,GEORGIA BY ! ,CZ>I/ ,EMPIRE4 ,H] 9VOLVEM5T 9 HELP+ ! ,GEORGIAN CAUSE MEANT A DI/ANC+ FROM $ITORIAL WORK ) ,FRE$OM4 ,%E BECAME HONOR>Y SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONALITIES & ,SUBJECT ,RACES ,COMMITTEE & ALSO RETURN$ TO H] SUPPORT = ,IRI% 9DEP5D5CE4 ,%E WROTE OCCASIONAL >TICLES ON ,IRI% HI/ORY = ! ,DAILY ,*RONICLE & ,IRI% PAP]S4 ,%E WAS A FRI5D ( ,W4,B4 ,YEATS & APPE>$ 9 HIS PLAY ,! ,L& ( ,HE>T'S ,DESIRE 9 ,JUNE #a#i#d4 ,%E DI$ 9 #a#i#c4 

,%E WAS SLI<T & GRACEFUL & WAS DESCRIB$ BY ! RURAL WRIT] ,GEORGE ,/URT 9 #ahhi AS 0SURPRIS+LY Y\NG LOOK+0 ) HI< *EEKBONES1 D>K EYES & H] HAIR 9 A COIL$ PLAIT4 

,A,G,N,E,S ,H,5,R,Y 

,BORN 9 ,TIPP]>Y1 ,IREL&1 9 #ahe ,AGNES ,H5RY WAS TO LAT] 9=M HI/ORIAN ( AN>*ISM ,MAX ,NETTLAU 9 ! QUE/IONNAIRE ?AT HE S5T TO ,5GLI% & =EIGN AN>*I/S ?AT FROM H] Y\? %E HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 MOVEM5TS TO ALLEVIATE SUFF]+4 

,MO/ ( H] LIFE WAS SP5T /UDY+ K9D]G>T5 !ORY1 :I* %E REG>D$ AS ESS5TIALLY AN>*I/4 ,9 ! #a#h#hS %E RAN A K9D]G>T5 9 ,TR9IDAD4 

,9 AN>*I/ NEWSPAP] ,FRE$OM ( ,JULY #ahhg !RE APPE>$ AN >TICLE BY H] >GU+ AGA9/ ! PROHIBITION ( WOM5 WORK]S FROM ! PIT BR[ 7! #ahhf ,M9ES ,REGULATION ,BILL74 

,%E W5T = A :ILE TO ,ITALY & AS A RESULT ( H] EXP]I5CES !RE WAS ABLE TO WRITE AN >TICLE = ,FRE$OM1 ',H[ ,ITALIAN ,RIS+S >E ,PROMOT$ & ,SUPPRESS$ BY ! ,ITALIAN ,GOV]NM5T'1 9 ,JULY #a#h#i#a4 ,IT W\LD APPE> ?AT %E GOT TO KN[ V>I\S LEAD+ LI<TS 9 ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T LIKE ,]RICO ,MALATE/A & ! LAWY] ,SAV]IO ,M]L9O4 ,9 #ahi %E TRANSLAT$ A COLLECTION ( FAIRY TALES BY ! ,G]MAN WRIT] ,WILHELM ,HAUFF 5TITL$ ,! ,COLD ,HE>T4 ,?IS BOOK WAS US$ 9 MANY S*OOLS4 

,%E P>TICIPAT$ 9 AN EXP]IM5T 9 COMMUNAL LIV+ AT #bi ,D\<TY ,/REET1 NE> ,MECKL5BUR< ,SQU>E1 ,BLOOMSBURY AT ! ,FELL[%IP ,H\SE UNTIL IT CLOS$ 9 #a#h#i#b4 ,IT HAD BE5 SET UP BY ! ,FELL[%IP ( ! ,NEW ,LIFE1 A GR\P :I* ADVOCAT$ A MORE E?ICAL APPROA* TO LIFE & 0! CULTIVATION ( A NEW *>ACT] 9 ALL40 ,O!R MEMB]S 9CLUD$ ,$W>D ,C>P5T] & ,HAVELOCK ,ELLIS4 ,! ,FABIAN ,SOCIETY EM]G$ FROM ?IS GR\P4 

,%E !N MOV$ TO ,/ ,AUGU/9E'S ,ROAD1 ,CAMD54 ,H]E ,FRE$OM SET UP (FICE 9 ,FEBRU>Y #ahic ) ! PR9T] ,WILLIAM ,WESS1 MOV+ !RE ) ! TYPE4 ,FRE$OM'S (FICE WAS 9 ! DAMP BASEM5T1 :I* HAD A BAD EFFECT ON ,WESS'S HEAL? SO ! COMPOS+ WAS MOV$4 ,TOGE!R ) ,L\ISE ,MI*EL %E RAN ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,S*OOL 9 ,FITZROVIA AT #ai ,FITZROY ,SQU>E4 

,%E WROTE ,WOM5 UND] ,SOCIALISM 9 ,M>* #ahib & GAVE A ',W$NESDAY LECTURE' AT ! ,HALL ( ,SCI5CE 9 ,LONDON ON ',WOM5'S ,POSITION UND] ,AN>*Y'4 ,%E OPPOS$ /ATE MAT]NITY SUPPORT4 

,%E WAS TO SAY3 0,9 AN>*ISM ,I SEE ! ONLY BASE = WOM5 TO ESCAPE M>RIAGE )\T LOVE & OBLIGATORY MAT]NITY & ! DEGRAD+ LAWS & S]VILE CU/OMS TO :I* WOM5 ( ALL CLASSES HAVE BE5 SUBJECT$ = SO LONG40 

,9 ,APRIL #ahic %E W5T ON A SPEAK+ T\R TO ,SCOTL& TO PROMOTE AN>*ISM4 

,:5 ,ALFR$ ,FO/]1 AN UNEMPLOY$ ACTIVI/ & AN>*I/1 WAS >RE/$ 9 ,PECKHAM 9 ,M>* #ahid %E (F]$ TO PUT UP BAIL BUT WAS REJECT$ BECAUSE %E WAS A WOMAN4 

,9 ,NOVEMB] #ahie %E WAS DUE TO LECTURE ON AN>*ISM TO ! ,BIRM+HAM BRAN* ( ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY1 BUT ?IS 9VITATION WAS )DRAWN BECAUSE ! ,P>TY FE>$ ?AT 0%E MI<T ADVOCATE VIOL5CE40 

,%E ADOPT$ A Y\NG GIRL ,ADELAIDE1 ) AN AGE V>I\SLY GIV5 AS SIX OR EI<T1 :OM ,NETTLAU DESCRIB$ AS 0RUN WILD40 ,?IS WAS ! DAU<T] ( ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,ANTONIO ,AGRE/I1 :O WAS !N ABLE TO M>RY ,OLIVE ,ROSSETTI & MOVE TO ,ITALY 7BO? !SE =M] AN>*I/S 5D$ UP AS AVID SUPPORT]S ( ,MUSSOL9I74 

,>\ND ?IS TIME1 9 ,JANU>Y #a#h#i#e1 %E MOV$ TO ,P>IS & FROM ,JUNE ( ?AT YE> UNTIL ,M>* #ahif LIV$ 9 ,PONT ,AV5 9 ,BRITTANY1 TRY+ TO E>N A LIV+ BY TEA*+ & BY TRANSLAT+4 ,! ,DECAD5T POET ,]NE/ ,D[SON RECORDS 5C\NT]+ ,H5RY & ! *ILD !RE4 

,%E RETURN$ TO ,5GL& 9 ,APRIL #a#h#i#f4 ,9 A LETT] 9 ,SE$-,TIME1 MAGAZ9E ( ! ,FELL[%IP1 %E SAID ?AT %E W\LD BE 0EXCE$+LY GLAD0 TO MEET A SMALL FAMILY TO %>E A H\SE ) H] 9 ,NOR? ,WAL%AM1 0IF POSSIBLE 9 ! ,ASSOCIAT$ ,HOME ,SY/EM0 ?AT HAD BE5 ADOPT$ BY ,FELL[%IP ,H\SE4 

,%E HAD TO MOVE TO F9D A SUITABLE S*OOL = ! *ILD1 :I* WAS ,SUFFIELD ,P>K ,GIRLS ,S*OOL 9 ,CROM]1 :I* DISAPPROV$ ( COMPETITION4 

,9 #ahif %E PUBLI%$ ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM 9 ,RELATION TO ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 PUT \T BY ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI'S ,LIB]TY ,PRESS4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] ( ! SAME YE> %E BR\<T \T ,! ,PROBABLE ,EVOLUTION ( ,BRITI% ,SOCIALISM ,TOMORR[4 

,! SAME YE> %E WAS DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,ASSOCIAT$ ,AN>*I/S F\ND$ BY ,C>L ,QU9N1 :I* MADE AN EF=T TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION )9 ! ,BRITI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,AS A RESULT %E MOV$ AWAY FROM ! GR\P >\ND ,FRE$OM4 ,UN=TUNATELY ! ,ASSOCIAT$ ,AN>*I/S W]E ONLY ABLE TO BR+ \T A FEW ISSUES ( !IR PAP] ,AL>M & FELL AP>T )9 A YE>4 

,ALSO 9 #ahif %E ATT5D$ ! CONGRESS ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL HELD 9 ,LONDON1 ACT+ AS A DELEGATE = ,FR5* SYNDICALI/S UNABLE TO ATT5D1 ALONG ) ,>*IE ,GORRIE1 ,JOHN ,BULLAS1 ,ALF ,B>TON1 ,J4 ,WEL% & ,JOHN ,HEADLEY4 

,9 ,APRIL #ahig A LETT] FROM ,AGNES ,H5RY APPE>$ 9 ! PAP] ( ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ! ,LABOR ,LEAD]1 9 :I* %E /AT$ ?AT IT HAD ALMO/ P]SUAD$ H] TO JO9 ! ,I4,L4,P4 ,9 ,JULY %E EXPLA9$ ?AT %E WAS N[ ANXI\S TO JO9 IT1 RA!R FEEBLY JU/IFY+ H] DECISION AS AN AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ TO JO9 A POLITICAL & P>LIAM5T>IAN P>TY4 

,GEORGE ,ROB]TSON1 AN ,$9BUR< AN>*I/1 WAS TO REPLY ?AT 0Y\ CAN TAKE P>T 9 NO POLITICAL CONTE/ )\T R5\NC+ Y\R CLAIM TO ,AN>*ISM40 ,! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ ,M]L9O'S MOVE TO RE=MISM SEEMS TO HAVE 9FLU5C$ H]4 

,%E WAS ONE ( QUITE A FEW AN>*I/S 9 ?IS P]IOD TO MOVE OV] TO ! ,I4,L4,P41 REPRES5T+ SOME LOSS ( N]VE )9 ! MOVEM5T 7O!RS W]E ,>*IBALD ,GORRIE & A :ILE LAT] ,TOM ,B>CLAY1 BO? ( ,LEICE/]1 ,JOHN ,HEADLEY ( ,GREAT ,Y>M\?1 ,ALF ,B>TON1 ,W4,B4 ,P>K]1 ,TOM ,PE>SON1 ,JOHN ,PATON1 ETC474 ,O!R 9DICATIONS ( ?IS DEMORALIZATION W]E ! COLLAPSE ( BO? OP5-AIR & PR9T$ PROPAG&A1 ) ! MOVEM5T NOT RECOV]+ UNTIL >\ND #a#i#c4 

,AGNES ,H5RY WAS LI/$ ON ! ,ROLL ( ,HONOR ( ,SUFFRAGETTE ,PRISON]S #a#i#e-#a#i#a#d 7COMPIL$ BY ! ,SUFFRAGETTE ,FELL[%IP >\ND #aie BAS$ ON RECOLLECTIONS ( P>TICIPANTS7 & APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 ONE ( ?OSE >RE/$ DUR+ ! PRE-,WORLD ,W> ,ONE ACTIONS4 

,%E FELT 5\< ALLEGIANCE TO H] OLD COMRADE ,MALATE/A TO SPEAK ON HIS BEHALF AT ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E1 ALONGSIDE AN>*I/ SPEAK]S1 :5 HE WAS ?REAT5$ ) DEPORTATION 9 #a#i#a#b4 

,F,],D ,L,>,G,E 

,AN AN>*I/ FROM ,WAL?AM/[1 H\SE PA9T] BY TRADE4 ,HE WAS ACTIVE 9 ,ALDR$'S ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ,DIRECT ,ACTIONI/S 9 #a#i#g4 ,F]D LAT] MOV$ TO ! ,:ITEWAY COLONY 9 #a#i#a#d1 :5 HE WAS #cc YE>S OLD1 & REMA9$ !RE UNTIL #a#i#b#f1 DUR+ :I* TIME HIS WIFE LEFT HIM & MOV$ TO ,LEAM+TON4 ,HE EMIGRAT$ TO ,CANADA4 7,NELLIE ,%AW1 ,:ITEWAY3 ,A ,COLONY ON ! ,COTSWOLDS7 

,B,I,L,L,Y ,MAC,Q,U,E,5 

,WILLIAM ',BILLY' ,MAC,QUE5 WAS BORN ON #a#d? ,JANU>Y #ahge AT #cd ,*>LOTTE ,/REET1 ,LONDON ,W#a4 ,SON ( ,ROB]T ,MAC,QUE51 A PA9T]1 FROM A FAMILY ( TAILORS ORIG9ALLY FROM ,SCOTL&1 ,WILLIAM />T$ 9 ! PA9T+ TRADE BE=E LEAV+ HOME4 ,HE LAT] WORK$ AS A COMM]CIAL TRAVEL] & ALWAYS US$ HIS GO+ >\ND ! C\NTRY 9 ! JOB TO DO AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 ,HE BECAME AN ACTIVE AN>*I/ 9 ,MAN*E/] & ,LE$S AT ! 5D ( ! #a#h#iS4 

,HE WAS A GOOD PUBLIC SPEAK]1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,BURNLEY :]E HIS SPEE*ES ON ! M>KET SQU>E WORRI$ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION1 ! ,M>XI/ GR\P HEAD$ BY ,H5RY ,HYNDMAN4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] SAID ?AT HE WAS ! BE/ ( ! ,5GLI% SPEAK]S 9 ,LE$S & AN 0ABLE & EXTREMELY LIKABLE Y\NG MAN40 ,HE >RANG$ MEET+S = ! VISIT+ ,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 9 ,LE$S ON H] T\R 9 #a#h#i#e4 ,HE ORGANIZ$ A MASSIVE & SUCCESSFUL DEMON/RATION ON #a/ ,OCTOB] #ahii 9 ,LE$S ) N9E SPEAK]S & A CR[D ( #b1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ,BO] ,W>4 ,HE WAS BADLY BEAT5 & NE>LY LYN*$ BY A J+OI/ MOB AFT] HIS SPEE* AGA9/ ! ,BO] ,W> 9 #ai AT A FOLL[+ DEMON/RATION 9 ,LE$S4 

,HE WAS ! DRIV+ =CE BEH9D ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,LE$S ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P4 ,= A TIME HE LIV$ 9 A H\SE ) ,SOLOMON ,PLOS*ANSKY & ,HANNA ,KISELEVSKY1 BO? AN>*I/S4 ,HE WROTE >TICLES = ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,FRE$OM1 & HE $IT$ AN AN>*I/ MON?LY 9 ,LE$S CALL$ ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE 7#a#h#i#h-#a#h#i#i7 ) AN ASSOCIATE1 ,H5RY4 

,HE BECAME FRI5DS ) ,RUDOLF ,GROSSMANN 7,PI]RE ,RAMUS7 ! ,AU/RIAN AN>*I/4 ,TOGE!R ) ! AN>*I/ ,ALF ,B>TON ( ,MAN*E/] 7SEE LIBCOM4ORG_/HI/ORY_/MAN*E/]-AN>*I/S-FI<T-FREE-SPEE*7 HE BR\<T \T ! ,AN>*I/ ,NEWSLETT] 9 #ai ) A VIEW TO PROMOTE MEANS ( COMMUNICATION BETWE5 ! COMRADES 7#c#a/ ,AUGU/ #a#i74 ,HE BR\<T \T AN ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( ,G]MAN ,JOHANN ,MO/'S ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*ISM 9 #a#i#a4 ,HE CONT9U$ TO BR+ \T PAMPHLETS 9 ,LE$S UND] ,! ,FREE ,COMMUNE IMPR9T1 BE=E MOV+ TO ,HULL1 A C5T] = ,G]MAN AN>*I/ REFUGEES4 

,UNEMPLOYM5T & ! P]SUASION ( ,MO/ L$ HIM TO EMIGRATE TO ! ,/ATES1 & HE BECAME $ITOR ( ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,LIB]TY 9 ,PAT]SON & ,NEW ,YORK 7#a#i#b-#a#i#c74 ,HE WAS IMPRISON$ = FIVE YE>S AS A RESULT ( AGITATION DUR+ ! ,PAT]SON /RIKE ( #aib ) ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI & ,RUDOLF ,GROSSMANN :5 !Y ALL ADDRESS$ A MASS MEET+4 

,!Y W]E ALL >RE/$ = 9CIT+ A RIOT UND] ! NEWLY 9TRODUC$ ,CRIM9AL ,AN>*Y LAWS ALONG ) ,JOHANN ,MO/4 ,HE JUMP$ BAIL1 BUT RETURN$ TO FACE TRIAL4 ,HE WAS RELEAS$ AFT] ?REE YE>S ON CONDITION HE LEAVE ! ,U,S & NEV] RETURN4 ,HIS HEAL? BROK51 AS A RESULT ( ! APPALL+ PRISON CONDITIONS1 DUE TO :I* HE CONTRACT$ ,T,B1 HE RETURN$ TO ,5GL& & DI$ SOON AFT] AT ! AGE ( #cc 9 #a#i#h4 

,T,\,Z,E,A,U ,P,>,R,I,S 

,?OMAS ,COLL9S ,T\ZEAU ,P>RIS1 USUALLY KN[N ?R\<\T HIS LIFE AS ,T\ZEAU ,P>RIS1 WAS BORN 9 ,HONITON1 ,DEVON 9 #a#h#c#i4 ,HE ATT5D$ ,BRI/OL ,GRAMM> ,S*OOL & ,BRI/OL ,BAPTI/ ,COLLEGE4 ,HE BECAME A ,UNIT>IAN M9I/] & *APLA9 = ,SAMUEL ,C\RTAULD1 ! MILL [N]4 ,HE HELP$ HIS FA!R SELL BOOKS 9 ,BRI/OL4 ,HE BECAME A SECUL>I/ & WAS AN AG5T = ! SECUL>I/ NEWSPAP] ,! ,NATIONAL ,RE=M] 9 ,CLIFTON1 !N A SUBURB ( ,BRI/OL4 

,:5 9 #ahgg TWO LEAD+ SECUL>I/S1 ,*>LES ,BRADLAU< & ,ANNIE ,BESANT1 W]E PUT ON TRIAL = PUBLI%+ A WORK ON BIR? CONTROL1 ,T\ZEAU ,P>RIS & HIS WIFE ,ANNIE MOV$ UP TO ,/ ,JOHN'S ,WOOD 9 ,LONDON TO HELP ) ! DEF5SE COMMITTEE4 

,HE BECAME A LECTUR] = ! ,NATIONAL ,SECUL> ,SOCIETY & WAS V]Y POPUL> ON ! SPEAK+ CIRCUIT4 

,FROM #ahhd HIS FIRM ( GELAT9 MANUFACTUR]S1 BAS$ 9 ,S\? ,ACTON1 APPE>$ 9 BUS9ESS DIRECTORIES4 ,9 #ahhe HE WAS LIV+ 9 ,HAMM]SMI?1 & 9 ,SEPTEMB] ( ?AT YE> WROTE TO ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS (F]+ HIS HELP TO ORGANIZE AGA9/ ! PROSECUTION ( ,MORRIS & O!R SOCIALI/S >RE/$ AFT] A POLICE RAID ON ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CLUB AT #g ,/ ,/EPH5'S ,MEWS4 ,HE APPE>S TO HAVE JO9$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 9 ?AT YE>4 

,9 ,JULY #ahhf HE LECTUR$ TO ! ,HAMM]SMI? BRAN* ( ! ,LEAGUE ON SOCIALISM FROM AN AN>*I/ PO9T ( VIEW & APPE>S TO HAVE DEVELOP$ AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ POSITIONS4 ,LAT] 9 ! #a#h#hS HE BECAME A NEI<BOR ( ,MORRIS1 LIV+ AT #bc ,UPP] ,MALL UNTIL #a#i#b1 & BECOM+ HIS GOOD FRI5D4 ,:IL/ CONT9U+ TO BE AN AN>*I/1 HE REMA9$1 LIKE ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI1 ) ! ,HAMM]SMI? ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY AFT] ! SPLIT 9 ! ,LEAGUE 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i1 & DESPITE ! REJECTION ( AN>*ISM BY ! ,H4,S4,S4 9 !IR MANIFE/O4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #ahia HE WAS A MEMB] ( ! COMMITTEE SET UP TO ORGANIZE A MEET+ TO COMMEMORATE ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 :]E ,KROPOTK9 & ,GU/AVE ,BRO*] SPOKE4 ,HE WAS A PROPAG&I/ & SPEAK] = ! ,H4,S4,S4 AT ! PIT* AT ,BRIDGE ,5D ,ROAD & CONT9U$ TO LECTURE = ! ,H4,S4,S4 EV5 ?\< AT A MEET+ ON ! #f? ,MAY #ahib 7FROM :I* HE WAS ABS5T7 !RE WAS QUE/ION+ ( AN>*I/ VIEWS BE+ EXPRESS$ AT ! ,H4,S4,S4 \TDOOR MEET+S4 ,=TUNATELY1 ,PHILIP ,WEBB & ,MORRIS PUT =W>D A MOTION :I* L$ TO ! SUBJECT BE+ DROPP$4 ,HE GAVE A GRAVESIDE SPEE* AT ! FUN]AL ( ,M>Y ,M[BRAY 9 ?AT YE>4 ,9 #ahid HE CONTRIBUT$ >TICLES TO ,TO*ATTI'S AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ PAP] ,LIB]TY4 

,ON #a#c? ,JANU>Y #ahic HE SPONSOR$ A MOTION ON E/ABLI%+ AN ALLIANCE ( ALL SOCIALI/ GR\P+S & WAS ONE ( ! FIVE ON ! COMMITTEE SET UP AS A RESULT4 ,HE WAS /ILL A MEMB] ( ! ,H4,S4,S4 9 #ahif & WAS ITS DELEGATE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,CONGRESS HELD 9 ,LONDON 9 ?AT YE>4 ,HIS LA/ RECORD$ ACTIVITY AS AN AN>*I/ WAS HIS P>TICIPATION 9 ! MEET+ TO COMMEMORATE ! ,*ICAGO M>TYRS 9 #a#h#i#f4 ,9 #aig HE FELL S]I\SLY ILL & AS A RESULT FELL 9TO POV]TY4 ,HIS COMRADES RALLI$ R\ND TO SUPPORT HIM & ,TO*ATTI WAS TO WRITE TO ,GEORGE ,B]N>D ,%AW TO ?ANK HIM = A *ECK ?AT HE HAD WRITT5 TO HELP \T SAY+ ?AT HE WAS 0/ILL ! OLD ,P>RIS1 ONLY V]Y WEAK40 ,GEORGE ,M]$I? WAS ANO!R :O CONTRIBUT$ TO ! FUND4 ,P>RIS DI$ ! SAME YE> AT ! AGE ( #fh ON #b#h? ,OCTOB] AT ,/ ,COLUMB 9 ,CORNWALL1 ! MONEY RAIS$ BE+ GIV5 TO HIS WID[4 

,W4,B4 ,P,>,K,] 

,W4,B4 ,P>K] WAS A /ALW>T ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & AN AN>*I/ )9 IT4 ,HE HAD BE5 A F\ND] ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION & APPE>S TO HAVE JO9$ ! ,LEAGUE 9 #a#h#h#f4 ,HE TOOK A REGUL> P>T 9 ,S4,L4 PROPAG&A WORK & WAS (T5 A SPEAK] & LECTUR]4 

,HE WAS LIV+ 9 ,DAL/ON 9 #ahhe & 9 ,HOLBORN 9 #a#h#h#h4 ,HE TOOK P>T 9 ! B5EFIT TO HELP ! ,B]N] ,/REET CLUB RUN BY ,JEWI% AN>*I/S 9 ,JANU>Y #a#h#h#h4 

,HE AGA9 CAME TO ! HELP ( ! ,CLUB :5 IT WAS ATTACK$ BY ! POLICE ON #a#f? ,M>* #ahhi & ?REE ( ITS MEMB]S >RE/$1 SPEAK+ AT ! SUBSEQU5T DEF5SE MEET+4 ,9 #ahhh HE WAS AN ORGANIZ] ( ! COMMITTEE SET UP BY ! ,LEAGUE TO CELEBRATE BO? ! ,*ICAGO AN>*I/ M>TYRS & ,BLOODY ,SUNDAY #ahhg :5 ! POLICE BRUTALLY ATTACK$ SOCIALI/S RALLY+ 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E4 

,HE WAS SECRET>Y ( ! ,/OKE ,NEW+TON & ,/AM=D ,HILL BRAN* ( ! ,LEAGUE & 9=M$ ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,LEAGUE ?AT HE WAS PREP>$ TO TAKE *>GE ( ! ,K+SL& ,GRE5 SPEAK]S' PIT* IF ! ,LEAGUE C\LD ASSURE HIM ( A REGUL> SUPPLY ( LECTUR]S4 

,9 ! SAME YE> ,W4,B4 ,P>K] HIMSELF BECAME ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,LEAGUE & APPE>S TO HAVE C>RI$ \T ?AT ROLE COMPET5TLY4 

,ALONGSIDE ,KITZ1 ,M[BRAY & ,NICOLL1 HE ADDRESS$ L>GE MEET+S DUR+ ! DOCK]S' /RIKE ( #a#h#h#i4 ,AGA9 ) ,NICOLL1 ,M[BRAY & ,JOHN ,TURN] HE WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! ',NO R5T6' AGITATION ( #a#h#i#a4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ! SPEAK]S AT ! L>GE ,HYDE ,P>K PROTE/ MEET+ FOLL[+ ! >RE/S ( ,M[BRAY & ,NICOLL 9 #a#h#i#b4 

,9 ! SAME YE> HE WAS SECRET>Y ( AN AN>*I/ GR\P SET UP 9 ,PADD+TON4 

,W4,B4 ,P>K] WAS ONE ( ! FAIRLY CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( AN>*I/S :O DEFECT$ TO ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 ! #a#h#iS 9 :AT CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS A 'LOSS ( N]VE' )9 ! RANKS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 #aif HE WAS *AIRMAN ( ,ISL+TON ,TRADES ,C\NCIL4 

,9 #aiab HE /ILL FELT 5\< LOYALTY TO HIS =M] COMRADES TO SPEAK AT ! L>GE MEET+ HELD 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E TO PROTE/ ! ?REAT5$ DEPORTATION ( ,MALATE/A4 

,HE WAS VICE-*AIR ( ! ,ISL+TON ,TRADES & ,LABOR ,P>TY AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE & 9DE$ HE ADOPT$ A PRO-W> /ANCE & HE WAS ONE ( ! ,I4,L4,P4 NOTABLES :O ADDRESS$ MASS MEET+S TO RECRUIT = ! >M$ =CES4 ,HE WAS A ,LABOR ,POOR ,LAW ,GU>DIAN = A CONSID]ABLE P]IOD ( TIME4 ,HE DI$ 9 ! #a#i#cS4 ,MAX ,NETTLAU 9 A LETT] TO ,F]D ,*>LES 9 #aic P]HAPS RA!R UNK9DLY DESCRIBES HIM AS A 0V]Y ACTIVE & PLAUSIBLE COMRADE1 BUT 444 NOT ( AN ELEVAT$ *>ACT] AT ALL & ( NO 9T]E/ TO HI/ORY0 BUT MAY HAVE HAD HIS DEFECTION TO ! ,I4,L4,P4 9 M9D4 

,H,],B,],T ,/,O,C,K,T,O,N 

,BORN #a#h#f4 ,LIKE HIS BRO!R ,]NE/1 AN 5G9E]1 & HIS SI/] ,NELLIE ACTIVE 9 ,MAN*E/] ,AN>*I/S & 9 ! FREE SPEE* FI<T ( #a#h#i#c1 DUR+ :I* HE WAS >RE/$ TWICE4 ,H]B]T ,/OCKTON M>RI$ & HAD FIVE *ILDR5 & RAN A DRAP]S %OP 9 ,LEV5%ULME4 ,HE ALSO1 ACCORD+ TO ,CORES1 JO9$ ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,]NE/ ,/OCKTON EMIGRAT$ TO ,CANADA4 

,J,A,C,K ,T,A,N,N,] 

,JACK ,TANN] WAS BORN ON #b#h? ,APRIL #ahhi 9 ,:IT/ABLE4 ,HIS FA!R HAD A JOB AS SPORTS MANAG] AT ,ALEX&RA ,PALACE1 SO ,JACK MOV$ AS A Y\NG BOY TO ,LONDON4 ,AT ! AGE ( F\RTE5 HE WAS APPR5TIC$ TO AN 5G9E]+ FIRM 9 ,S\?W>K1 BUT TIR+ ( ?IS HE JO9$ ! ,M]*ANT ,NAVY & TRAVEL$ >\ND ! WORLD4 ,HE ACQUIR$ ! NICKNAME ( ',H&SOME ,JACK' BECAUSE ( HIS LOOKS4 

,ON HIS RETURN HE WORK$ AS A FITT] & TURN]4 ,HE JO9$ ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,SOCIETY ( ,5G9E]S & BECAME ACTIVE 9 IT1 ALSO JO9+ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION4 ,HE READ ,KROPOTK9 & BECAME AN AN>*I/1 SUBSEQU5TLY 9VOLV+ HIMSELF 9 SYNDICALI/ ACTIVITY 7HE FREQU5T$ ! %OP ( ! AN>*I/ TAILOR ,JAMES ,TO*ATTI 9 ,HAMM]SMI? & MAY HAVE FIR/ BE5 9TRODUC$ TO AN>*ISM BY HIM74 ,HE HAD A P>T 9 ! F\NDATION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,WOM5 ,WORK]S4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#aS HE WAS ACTIVE 9 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,SYNDICALI/ ,$UCATION ,LEAGUE1 SUBSEQU5TLY JO9+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,DEMOCRACY ,LEAGUE 9 #a#i#a#c1 & CONTRIBUT+ REGUL>LY TO ITS PAP] ,SOLID>ITY1 :I* FIR/ APPE>$ AS A =TNI<TLY 9 ,SEPTEMB] ( ?AT YE>1 GRADUALLY TAK+ MORE & MORE ( AN $ITORIAL ROLE4 ,HE BECAME A COORD9ATOR ( AN>*I/ MEET+S 9 ,LONDON AFT] A MEET+ 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#a4 ,HE SPOKE REGUL>LY AT AN>*I/ PIT*ES & WAS = A :ILE A MEMB] ( ! AN>*I/ GR\P 9 ,M>YLEBONE =M$ 9 #aiab AFT] A S]IES ( AN>*I/ OP5 AIR MEET+S 9 ,REG5TS ,P>K4 

,9 #aiac HE WAS SECRET>Y ( ! ,ETTOR-,GIOVANNITTI ,PROTE/ ,COMMITTEE1 TO DEF5D TWO ,WOBBLIES IMPRISON$ 9 ! ,U,S,A1 SPEAK+ ALONGSIDE AN>*I/ ,]RICO ,MALATE/A4 ,LAT] 9 ! SAME YE>1 HE WAS SECRET>Y & TREASUR] ( ! ,MALATE/A ,RELEASE ,COMMITTEE AFT] ! FAM\S ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ WAS >RE/$ BY ! ,BRITI% POLICE4 ,HE WAS %ORTLY REPLAC$ 9 ?IS ROLE BY ,GUY ,ALDR$4 ,ALSO 9 #aiac HE *AIR$ ! FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,SYNDICALI/ ,CONGRESS 9 ,LONDON1 ATT5D$ BY DELEGATES FROM TWELVE C\NTRIES4 ,HE WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! AMALGAMATION COMMITTEE MOVEM5T4 

,>\ND ?IS TIME HE MET ,WILL ,LAW!R1 D[N FROM ,DURHAM 7HE WAS TO TAKE A SIMIL> TRAJECTORY TO ! RI<T AS ,TANN]1 ?\< SPE$I]71 & !Y BO? CONTRIBUT$ TO ! AN>*I/ PAP] ! ,VOICE ( ,LABOR4 ,HE ALSO CONTRIBUT$ REGUL> LETT]S FROM ,LONDON TO ,LA ,VIE ,\VRI]E1 PAP] ( ! ,FR5* SYNDICALI/ ,CONF$]ATION ,G5]ALE DU ,TRAVAIL4 ,DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,ONE HE WORK$ AS AN 5G9E] 9 ! ,P>IS SUBURBS & WAS ACTIVE 9 ! ,CONF$]ATION ,G5]ALE DU ,TRAVAIL4 ,HE RETURN$ TO ,LONDON 9 #aiag & WORK$ AT ! ,ROYAL ,AIRCRAFT FACTORY 9 ,F>NBOR\<4 ,! BLACK ,AM]ICAN WRIT] & ACTIVI/ ,CLAUDE ,MC,KAY M5TIONS MEET+ HIM AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB 9 ,%OR$IT* DUR+ ! W>1 ALONG ) ,ALDR$1 ,GEORGE ,LANSBURY1 ,A4,J4 ,COOK1 ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/1 ETC4 ,! ,CLUB WAS LOCAT$ AT #bh ,EA/ ,ROAD1 (F ( ,CITY ,ROAD4 

,HE WROTE A PAMPHLET1 ,! ,SOCIAL ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 9 #a#i#a#i4 ,HE BECAME ACTIVE 9 ! ,%OP ,/EW>DS & ,WORK]S ,COMMITTEES ,MOVEM5T1 & 9 #aib ATT5D$ ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,MOSC[ AS ONE ( ITS DELEGATES4 ,HE EXPRESS$ CLASSIC SYNDICALI/ VIEWS AT ! CONF]5CE1 SU* AS3 0,A NUMB] ( ?OSE :O >E ACTIVE 9 ! %OP /EW>DS' MOVEM5T >E NOT GREATLY CONC]N$ AB\T ! =MATION ( ! P>TY1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 CONV9C$ FROM !IR EXP]I5CE 9 O!R P>TIES ?AT IT WAS A LOSS ( TIME TO %>E 9 ! WORK ( SU* P>TIES40 ,HE MET ,L59 !RE1 & ON HIS RETURN JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 AL?\< HIS MEMB]%IP ONLY LA/$ EI<T MON?S4 ,9 ?IS P]IOD HE WORK$ 9 ACTIVITY = ! EXPANSION ( ! ,R$ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,LABOR ,UNIONS S]V+ ON ITS ,LONDON ,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEE 7! ,LONDON ,R4,I4,L4,U41 9T]E/+LY1 PRODUC$ A %ORT-LIV$ PAP] CALL$ ,SOLID>ITY74 ,AFT] HE LEFT ! ,C4,P4 HE HAD AN AMBIVAL5T ATTITUDE T[>DS IT4 ,HE WAS ACTIVE )9 ! ,NATIONAL ,M9ORITY ,MOVEM5T 7A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FRONT E/ABLI%$ 9 #aibd TO WORK )9 ! RE=MI/ TRADE UNIONS7 & S]V$ ON ITS EXECUTIVE4 

,HE OBTA9$ WORK AT ! ,EV5+ ,/&>D & BY #aic WAS ! ,LONDON ,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEE ,ORGANIZ] ( ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,5G9E]+ ,UNION4 ,HE BECAME ITS PRESID5T 9 #aici & S]V$ AS SU* UNTIL #a#i#e#c4 ,HE REMA9$ 9 AN AMBIGU\S RELATION%IP ) ! ,C4,P4 ,HE WELCOM$ ! ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO 5?USIA/ICALLY4 ,HE SAW EYE TO EYE ) ! ,C4,P4 = ! NE$ = JO9T PRODUCTION COMMITTEES & ECONOMIC PLANN+ 9 9DU/RY 9 ! W> YE>S4 ,HIS 9CREAS+ RI<T-W+ TRAJECTORY SAW HIM BECOME PRESID5T ( ! ,TRADES ,UNION ,CONGRESS 9 #a#i#e#d4 ,AFT] HIS RETIREM5T 9 ?AT YE> HE BECAME DIRECTOR ( ! RI<T-W+ ,9DU/RIAL & ,RESE>* ,9=MATION ,S]VICES 7,I4,R4,I4,S471 :I* REPORT$ ON & WORK$ AGA9/ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ACTIVITIES 9 ! UNIONS4 

,HE DI$ ON #cRD ,M>* #a#i#f#e4 

,NICK ,HEA? 

,A,F,T,],W,O,R,D 

,! RE-$ITION ( ,JOHN ,QUAIL'S CLASSIC *RONICLE ( ! ,VICTORIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE1 IS MO/ WELCOME4 ,IT WILL MAKE READILY ACCESSIBLE 9 H>D COPY ONE ( ! FEW -- & C]TA9LY ONE ( ! BE/ -- TEXTS ON ,BRITI% AN>*ISM 9 ! ,VICTORIAN ]A4 ,IT ALSO PROVIDES AN EXCELL5T OPPORTUNITY TO RE/ATE ! MANY M]ITS ( ?IS L&M>K /UDY & ASSESS ITS CONTRIBUTION TO ! S*OL>%IP ( AN>*ISM4 ,IT MAY SEEM A LITTLE FACILE TO >GUE ?AT ,QUAIL'S SEM9AL /UDY HAS NOT AG$4 ,IT IS NONE!LESS TRUE1 & ?IS IS NO SMALL FEAT1 GIV5 ?AT ! BOOK WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#h1 & ?AT ! RESE>* >EA ?AT IT COV]S HAS BE5 EXT5SIVELY REVISIT$ 9 ! LA/ TWO DECADES OR SO4 

,ONE ( ! HI<LI<TS ( ,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE IS ! FACT ?AT IT BR+S TOGE!R SO MANY /R&S ?AT HAVE S9CE G5]AT$ A GREAT DEAL ( S*OL>%IP4 ,AMONG !SE >E T]RORISM & ! N[-FAMILI> CONCEPT ( PROPAG&A (_/BY ! DE$1 AS WELL AS POLICE SURVEILLANCE1 :I* OCCUPY ! LA/ TWO *APT]S1 REFLECT+ ! DEEP5+ 9FLU5CE ( !SE !MES 9 ! E>LY #a#h#iS4 ,QUAIL'S REM>K ?AT 0! >RE/1 TRIAL & S5T5C+ ( ! ,WALSALL AN>*I/S 9 #ahib DES]VE MORE ATT5TION ?AN !Y HAVE RECEIV$ FROM ! HI/ORIANS ( ! LEFT 9 ,BRITA90 CANNOT FAIL TO ELICIT A SMILE1 S9CE SO MU* RESE>* HAS BE5 PRODUC$ ON ?IS & RELAT$ ISSUES 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! CURR5T WAVE ( ,ISLAMI/ T]RORISM1 BEG9N+ ) #i_/#a#a2 ! WORK CONDUCT$ BY ,RI*>D ,BA* ,J5S51 9 P>TICUL>1.<#d#i#g.> AS WELL AS A LIVELY DEBATE 9 ! J\RNAL ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE1 :I* REVISITS ! ]A ( PROPAG&A BY ! DE$ AS A PO9T ( COMP>ISON = ,ISLAMI/ T]RORISM4.<#d#i#h.> 

,FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( CURR5T HI/ORIOGRAPHY1 AN ESPECIALLY 9T]E/+ ASPECT IS ,QUAIL'S EMPHASIS ON 9DIVIDUALS & ACTIONS RA!R ?AN POLITICAL !ORY1 UND]P9N$ BY A CLOSE ATT5TION TO ! SOCIOLOGICAL1 PHILOSOPHICAL1 POLITICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL DIM5SIONS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,AS ,QUAIL /RESSES 9 HIS ',P]SONAL ,9TRODUCTION'1 0IT IS AN UN=TUNATE FACT ?AT POLITICAL !ORY1 NO MATT] H[ WOR?Y OR P]CEPTIVE1 IS CURI\SLY DISEMBODI$2 IT GIVES NO CLUES TO ! PASSIONS1 ! H]OISMS OR ! SQUALID CONFLICTS ?AT IT 9SPIR$4444 ,! =MS ( ! MOVEM5T W]E %IFT+ & DEC5TRALIZ$1 MAK+ IT RA!R DIFFICULT TO P9 D[N NUMB]S1 EV5TS & ! P>TICUL> ACTIVI/S 9VOLV$ & =C+ ! HI/ORIAN TO RELY ON A MYRIAD SNIPPETS ( 9=MATION40 ,?IS EMPHASIS ON 9DIVIDUALS & !IR CONNECTIONS1 GR\ND$ 9 A CONCEPTION ( POLITICAL HI/ORY AS EMBODI$ & DRIV5 BY 9DIVIDUALS & ! ASSOCIATIONS !Y =M1 IS PIVOTAL TO ! CONT9U$ RELEVANCE & V]Y CURR5T FEEL ( ! BOOK4 

,:ILE CONV]G5T ) O!R CLASSIC /UDIES ( GRASSROOTS AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS1 SU* AS ,JEAN ,MAITRON'S COMPREH5SIVE ,HI/OIRE DU MOVEM5T AN>*I/E FRANCAIS.<#d#i#i.> OR ,PAUL ,AVRI*'S WORK ON ,U4,S4 AN>*ISM1.<#e.> ,QUAIL'S P]SPECTIVE ALSO HAS MU* 9 COMMON ) CURR5T 9VE/IGATIONS 9TO NETWORK$ ACTIVISM1 *>ISMA1 'HI/ORY FROM BEL[' APPROA*ES1 REVISIT$ BIOGRAPHY1 ETC4 -- ALL ( :I* HAVE BE5 KEY !MES = HI/ORIANS ( AN>*ISM 9 REC5T YE>S4 ,!SE APPROA*ES HAVE BE5 9CREAS+LY DEVELOP$ S9CE ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO'S 9FLU5TIAL >TICLE ON ',ITALIAN AN>*ISM AS A ,TRANSNATIONAL ,MOVEM5T' 7#b#g71.<#e#a.> ) A GREAT WEAL? ( /UDIES EXAM9+ ! ROLE ( 9DIVIDUALS & !IR ASSOCIATIONS 9 AN>*I/ ACTIVISM4 ,?IS HAS G5]AT$ A GREAT DEAL ( RESE>* 9TO POLITICAL NETWORKS 79CLUD+ SOME =MAL NETWORK-MAPP+ EX]CISES7 & ! /ATUS ( N9ETE5?-C5TURY AN>*ISM AS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 

,A DIFF]5T TAKE ON ! SAME !ME IS VISIBLE 9 ! CURR5T 9T]E/ 9 BIOGRAPHIES ( AN>*I/S1 = 9/ANCE ,DAVIDE ,TURCATO'S /UDY ON ,MALATE/A1.<#e#b.> MY [N WORK ON ,JEAN ,GRAVE & ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1.<#e#c.> & V>I\S AU?ORS ON ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN.<#e#d.> -- AL?\< IT MAY BE >GU$ ?AT !SE /UDIES ( *>ISMATIC & HI<LY 9FLU5TIAL FIGURES >E AT ODDS ) ,QUAIL'S ODE TO 'UNSUNG DEMI-H]OES' & ONGO+ EF=TS TO EXPLORE ! ROLE ( 9T]M$I>IES & EV]YDAY MILITANTS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 MU* ( ! BOOK %[S ! HUMAN DIM5SION ( SOME ( ! 'BIG N>RATIVES' ( SOCIALI/ HI/ORY SUCCESSFULLY 9T]WEAV+ !SE V>I\S DIM5SIONS4 ,! AN>*I/S' 5GAGEM5T ) ! NASC5T LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#h#hS1 /RIKE ORGANIZATION & PUBLIC SPEE*ES >E CONSID]$ IMPORTANT EV5TS 9 ,QUAIL'S HI/ORY1 RESULT+ 9 A V]Y 9NOVATIVE =M ( LABOR HI/ORY = ITS TIME1 RECONCIL+ LEVELS (T5 REG>D$ AS DISSOCIAT$3 PRACTICAL EV]YDAY ORGANIZATION & ACTIVISM BUT ALSO !ORETICAL ELABORATION1 GRASSROOTS & 'LEAD]S'1 EV]YDAY ACTIVISM & MAJOR CONF]5CES4 ,QUAIL %[S ?AT ORGANIZATIONAL HI/ORY RE/$ ON CON/ANT 9T]ACTIONS1 ESPECIALLY 9 MILITANT SPACES & PRACTICES1 & ?AT POLITICS OCCURR$ PRIM>ILY \TSIDE P>TY CONF]5CES4 ,:ILE NETWORKS -- ONE ( ! C5TRAL CONCEPTS ( CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ HI/ORIOGRAPHY -- >E NOT EXPLICITLY M5TION$1 HIS HI/ORY IS NONE!LESS 9=M$ BY A NUANC$ UND]/&+ ( NETWORKS ( PLACES1 PEOPLE1 ORGANIZATIONS & PAP] DI/RIBUTORS4 

,! HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% AN>*ISM IS EMB$D$ 9 A BROAD] HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% LABOR & PROVIDES A GREAT 9TRODUCTION TO ! COMPLEXITIES & SPECIFICITIES ( LABOR ACTIVISM 9 ,BRITA9 AT A TIME :5 SOCIALISM WAS 'A SUBM]G$ & SOMETIMES ONLY JU/ DISC]NIBLE TRADITION' D]IV$ FROM ,ROB]T ,[54 ,! FIR/ *APT] />TS ) ! ,*>TI/S & ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 RADICALISM & SOCIALISM1 ! RADICAL CLUB CULTURE 9TEGRAL TO ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIVAL & ! DILEMMAS ( RE=M VS4 REVOLUTION4 ,AS SU*1 ,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE SITS ALONGSIDE CLASSICS ( ,BRITI% RADICAL_/LABOR HI/ORY1 SU* AS ,E4,P4 ,?OMPSON'S ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS3 ,ROMANTIC TO ,REVOLUTION>Y 7#a#i#g#g7 & ,/AN ,%IPLEY'S ,CLUB ,LIFE & ,SOCIALISM 9 ,MID-,VICTORIAN ,LONDON 7#a#i#g#b7 9 REC\NT+ ! TEEM+ & COMPLICAT$ E>LY YE>S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIVAL AS SE5 FROM ! GRASSROOTS4 ,AMONG !SE BOOKS1 ,QUAIL'S IS UNIQUE IS GIV+ C5T] /AGE TO AN>*I/S1 & DESPITE ALL ! WORK DONE S9CE ON 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS ACTIVE 9 ,BRITA9 9 ?IS P]IOD1 IT CONT9UES TO /& \T DUE TO ITS R>E =EGR\ND+ ( ,BRITI% ACTIVI/S4 ,IT IS PLEAS+ TO SEE ?AT EV5 AS LABOR HI/ORY HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY M>G9ALIZ$ 9 ACADEMIA1 ! /UDY ( AN>*ISM1 ESPECIALLY 9 A TRANSNATIONAL P]SPECTIVE1 HAS OP5$ UP GREAT PROSPECTS 9 ?IS >EA1 ) SIGNIFICANT RESULTS3 MU* HAS BE5 WRITT5 AB\T ! HI/ORY ( SYNDICALISM1 ) A SEM9AL VOLUME CO-$IT$ BY ,HIRS* & ,VAN D] ,WALT.<#e#e.> & ! REC5T VOLUME ,WOBBLIES ( ! ,WORLD3 ,A ,GLOBAL ,HI/ORY ( ,I,W,W4.<#e#f.> 

,?IS LEADS US TO ! BROAD] !ME ( TRANSNATIONALISM1 A DOM9ANT TR5D 9 REC5T AN>*I/ HI/ORIOGRAPHY4 ,QUAIL'S N>RATIVE PORTRAYS COSMOPOLITANISM & ! ROLE ( =EIGN REFUGEES AS ESS5TIAL FEATURES ( ! MOVEM5T FROM ITS V]Y BEG9N+1 />T+ ) ! #ah< 9FLUX ( ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S & ,JOHANN ,MO/1 AS WELL AS EXAM9+ ! ROLE ( RECOGNIZ$ P]SONALITIES :O W]E ( DUAL ORIG91 9CLUD+ ,KITZ4 ,ALONGSIDE ! FOCUS ON ,BRITI% MILITANTS -- 'NATIVE' AN>*ISM1 AS IT IS SOMETIMES CALL$ -- ,QUAIL PO9TS TO ! TRANSNATIONAL ELEM5TS ( ! MOVEM5T1 LONG BE=E ! LEXICON ( TRANSNATIONALISM BECAME SO OMNIPRES5T4 ,HE CONVEYS QUITE EF=TLESSLY H[ FLUID & NONE!LESS OCCASIONALLY FRAU<T ! EX*ANGES & CONNECTIONS BETWE5 !SE V>I\S CIRCLES & LEVELS W]E4 ,DISCUSS+ ! ,JULY #ahha ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y & ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS 9 ,LONDON1 HE REM>KS ?AT 0! M9UTES ( ! PROCE$+S REVEAL ?AT ! ,5GLI% DELEGATES PLAY$ LITTLE P>T2 YET MANY ( ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ W]E MORE OR LESS P]MAN5T EXILES 9 ,LONDON & IT WAS P>TLY ?R\< CONTACT BETWE5 !M & ! ,BRITI% SOCIALI/S ?AT A MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ LIB]T>IAN PHILOSOPHY WAS TO DEVELOP RELEVANT TO ,BRITI% CONDITIONS40 

,!RE >E C\NTLESS LEADS ?AT HAVE SUBSEQU5TLY BE5 EXPLOR$ BY HI/ORIANS 9 A SPECIFICALLY TRANSNATIONAL P]SPECTIVE4 ,!SE 9CLUDE ! HI/ORY ( H[ ! E>LY ,FREIHEIT WAS SMUGGL$ 9T]NATIONALLY FROM ,BRITA9 TO ,G]MANY BY SAILORS -- S9CE !N1 ! !ME ( PAP] CIRCULATION HAS GA9$ IMPORTANCE1 ) A GR[+ FOCUS ON AN>*I/ PR9T CULTURE AS A M$IUM = PROPAG&A BUT ALSO AN>*I/ ID5TITIES &1 MORE BROADLY1 PROCESSES ( 9=MATION %>+ & EX*ANGE4 ,:ILE !SE PROCESSES >E N[ COMMONLY DESCRIB$ AS NETWORKS ( DISSEM9ATION & IDEOLOGICAL CIRCULATION1 !Y >E EVID5C$ & DISCUSS$ 9 LESS S*OL>LY T]MS 9 ,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE & >E CLE>LY 9TEGRAL TO ! WAY ,QUAIL UND]/OOD AN>*ISM AS A DOCTR9E ( ACTION -- ! MA9 DIFF]5CE IS ONE ( LANGUAGE1 AS ,QUAIL REMA9S 7M]CIFULLY1 SOME MI<T SAY7 J>GON-FREE4 

,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE HAS NOT REALLY AG$4 ,?IS 9 TURN RAISES 9T]E/+ QUE/IONS AB\T ! HI/ORIOGRAPHY ( PRE-,WORLD ,W> ,ONE ,BRITI% AN>*ISM -- HAS ! FIELD REALLY B>ELY EVOLV$ S9CE #a#i#g#h8 ,IT /RADDLES ! GAPS BETWE5 S*OL>LY RESE>* & A MORE MILITANT BOOK1 AS REFLECT$ 9 ! BOOK'S RELATIVELY %ORT BIBLIOGRAPHY4 ,! SUBTITLE1 ',! ,LO/ ,HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% ,AN>*I/S'1 9VITES REFLECTION & MAY WELL BE ! ONE ELEM5T 9 ,QUAIL'S ANALYSIS :OSE VALIDITY HAS BECOME PROBLEMATIC4 ,IT C]TA9LY PO9TS TO A HI/ORIOGRAPHIC TRADITION ?AT = A LONG TIME HID ! HI/ORICAL IMPORTANCE & ! RI* BUT ELUSIVE LEGACIES ( ,BRITI% AN>*ISM4 ,! BOOK PROVIDES A HEAL?Y REM9D] ?AT = SOME TIME EV]Y?+ WAS AT PLAY & REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS MI<T HAVE PREVAIL$2 9 ?AT S5SE1 IT IS CORRECT TO CLAIM ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y N>RATIVE HAS BE5 UNDULY OBSCUR$4 ,JU/ =TY YE>S LAT]1 IS IT /ILL CORRECT TO CLAIM ?AT ?IS HI/ORY HAS BE5 LO/8 ,NOT QUITE4 ,LOOK+ AT /UDIES ) A ,BRITI% FOCUS1 & ) PREEMPTIVE APOLOGIES = 9EVITABLE OMISSIONS H]E1 ,DAVID ,GOODWAY1 ,JUDY ,GRE5WAY1 ,RU? ,K9NA1 ,MATT ,ADAMS & ,C>ISSA ,HONEYWELL HAVE ALL DONE EXCELL5T WORK ON TW5TIE?-C5TURY AN>*ISM4 

,! HI/ORIOGRAPHIC M>G9ALIZATION ( AN>*I/S HAS AT LEA/ BE5 P>TLY REVIS$4 ,!RE >E ALSO C\NTLESS /UDIES1 MO/ ( !M TRANSNATIONAL 9 NATURE1 :]E ,BRITI% AN>*ISM FEATURES AS A SECOND>Y FOCUS1 = 9/ANCE ,OLE ,BIRK ,LAURS5'S RESE>* 9TO ! ,9DIAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE 7:I* PROM95TLY FEATURES ! FASC9AT+ FIGURE ( ,GUY ,ALDR$71.<#e#g.> ,PIETRO ,DI ,PAOLA'S WORK ON ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ DIASPORA 9 ,LONDON1.<#e#h.> &1 REC5TLY1 ,DANIEL ,LAQUA'S /UDY ON ,G]MAN AN>*I/ CIRCLES4.<#e#i.> ,H[EV]1 IT MI<T BE >GU$ ?AT1 = ALL ! RESE>* IT HAS G5]AT$1 ! TRANSNATIONAL TURN HAS ALSO HAD ! UNWANT$ EFFECT ( REPLICAT+ ! DOM9ANT N>RATIVE ?AT ,BRITI% AN>*ISM WAS 9SIGNIFICANT 9 COMP>ISON TO ! SIZE & RELEVANCE ( O!R AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS & P]PETUAT+ ! ]RONE\S NOTION ?AT ,BRITI% AN>*ISM WAS PRIM>ILY EXILIC4 ,QUAIL REMA9S M&ATORY READ+ TO RECTIFY SU* 9T]PRETATIONS4 

,!RE >E1 ( C\RSE1 A FEW ASPECTS TO :I* TODAY'S READ] MAY OBJECT4 ,! MA9 ONE IS ! TITUL> REF]5CE TO ',BRITI% AN>*I/S' 9 A /UDY :I* IS OV]:ELM+LY ,LONDON-C5TRIC1 DESPITE CLOSE-UPS ON ,WALSALL & ,MAN*E/]4 ,SCOTTI% AN>*ISM1 = EXAMPLE1 IS NO:]E TO BE SE51 AL?\< ?IS MAY BE ! RESULT ( ! *RONOLOGY ADOPT$ -- :I* IS ALSO A LITTLE UNSATISFACTORY = TODAY'S READ]4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS A MATT] = FUTURE DISCUSSIONS1 :I* WILL HOPEFULLY CONT9UE ) ! GREAT VIGOR ( REC5T YE>S4 ,HAV+ BE5 9TRODUC$ TO ,BRITI% AN>*ISM BY ,QUAIL 9 ! E>LY /AGES ( MY ,PH,D1 IT IS WOND]FUL TO COME FULL CIRCLE & PAY HOMAGE TO ?IS GREAT BOOK4 ,LONG MAY IT CONT9UE TO 9SPIRE READ]S & RESE>*]S4 

,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,SURREY 

,BIBLIOGRAPHY 

,AVRI*1 ,PAUL4 ,AN>*I/ ,VOICES3 ,AN ,ORAL ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #be .<#a#i#i#e.>4 

,BA* ,J5S51 ,RI*>D4 ,! ,BATTLE AGA9/ ,AN>*I/ ,T]RORISM3 ,AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,HI/ORY1 #a#h#g#h-#a#i#c#d4 ,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a#c4 

,BANTMAN1 ,CON/ANCE4 ',JEAN ,GRAVE & ,FR5* ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,RELATIONAL ,APPROA* 7#a#h#gS-#a#i#a#d7'4 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY #fb 7#b#a#g73 #d#e#a-#g#g4 

.-.-.-.-.-.-4 ',L\ISE ,MI*EL'S ,LONDON ,YE>S3 ,A ,POLITICAL ,REASSESSM5T 7#a#h#i-#a#i#e7'4 ,WOM5'S ,HI/ORY ,REVIEW #bf 7#b#a#g73 #i#i#d-#a#a#b4 

,B9D] ,LEON>D4 ',COMM5T ON ,GELV9'S ,ESSAY ON ,AL-,QA$A & ,AN>*ISM'4 ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE #b1 NO4 #d 7#b#h73 #e#h#b-#h#h4 

,BIRK ,LAURS51 ,OLE4 ',AN>*I/ ,ANTI-,IMP]IALISM3 ,GUY ,ALDR$ & ! ,9DIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T1 #a#i#i-#a#d'4 ,J\RNAL ( ,IMP]IAL & ,COMMONWEAL? ,HI/ORY #df 7#b#a#h73 #b#h#f-#c#c4 

,COLE1 ,PET]1 ,DAVID ,/RU!RS & ,K5YON ,ZIMM]4 ,WOBBLIES ( ! ,WORLD3 ,A ,GLOBAL ,HI/ORY ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 #b#a#g4 

,DI ,PAOLA1 ,PIETRO4 ,! ,KNI<TS ,]RANT ( ,AN>*Y3 ,LONDON & ! ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/ ,DIASPORA 7#a#h#h-#a#i#a#g74 ,LIV]POOL3 ,LIV]POOL ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a#c4 

,ES5WE91 ,GEORGE4 ',COMM5TS ON ,JAMES ,L4 ,GELV9'S 0,AL-,QA$A & ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORIAN'S ,REPLY TO ,T]ROROLOGY04' ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE #b1 NO4 #d 7#b#h73 #e#i#g-#f4 

,FALK1 ,C&ACE4 ,LOVE1 ,AN>*Y & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN3 ,A ,BIOGRAPHY4 ,NEW ,BRUNSWICK1 ,N,J3 ,RUTG]S ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #aii .<#a#i#h#d.>4 

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,HEMM+S1 ,CL>E4 ,CONSID]+ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN3 ,FEM9I/ ,POLITICAL ,AMBIVAL5CE & ! ,IMAG9ATIVE ,>*IVE4 ,DURHAM1 ,N,C3 ,DUKE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a#h4 

,HIRS*1 ,/EV51 & ,LUCI5 VAN D] ,WALT1 $S4 ,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 9 ! ,COLONIAL & ,PO/COLONIAL ,WORLD1 #a#h#g-#a#i#d3 ,! ,PRAXIS ( ,NATIONAL ,LIB]ATION1 ,9T]NATIONALISM1 & ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,LEID51 ,N,L3 ,BRILL ,ACADEMIC ,PUBLI%]S1 #b#a4 

,KELSAY1 ,JAMES4 ',AL-,QAIDA AS A ,MUSLIM 7,RELIGIO-,POLITICAL7 ,MOVEM5T ,REM>KS ON ,JAMES ,L4 ,GELV9'S 0,AL-,QA$A & ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORIAN'S ,REPLY TO ,T]ROROLOGY04' ,T]RORISM & ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE #b1 NO4 #d 7#b#h73 #f#a-#e4 

,LAQUA1 ,DANIEL4 ',POLITICAL ,CONTE/ATION & ,9T]NAL ,/RIFE3 ,SOCIALI/ & ,AN>*I/ ,G]MAN ,NEWSPAP]S 9 ,LONDON1 #a#h#g#h-#a#i#a'4 ,9 ,! ,=EIGN ,POLITICAL ,PRESS 9 ,N9ETE5?-,C5TURY ,LONDON3 ,POLITICS FROM A ,DI/ANCE4 ,$IT$ BY ,CON/ANCE ,BANTMAN & ,ANA ,CLAUDIA ,SURIANI DA ,SILVA4 ,LONDON3 ,BLOOMSBURY1 #b#a#h4 

,MAITRON1 ,JEAN4 ,HI/OIRE DU ,M\VEM5T ,AN>*I/E 5 ,FRANCE 7#a#h#h-#a#i#a#d74 ,P>IS3 ,MASP]O1 #a#i#g#e4 

,TURCATO1 ,DAVIDE4 ',ITALIAN ,AN>*ISM AS A ,TRANSNATIONAL ,MOVEM5T1 #a#h#h#e-#a#i#a#e'4 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY #eb 7#b#g73 #d#g-#d#d4 

.-.-.-.-.-.-4 ,MAK+ ,S5SE ( ,AN>*ISM3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A'S ,EXP]IM5TS ) ,REVOLUTION1 #a#h#h#i-#a#i4 ,LONDON3 ,PALGRAVE ,MACMILLAN1 #b#a#b4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,AFT]WORD -- ,ADD$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/