,! ,%OCK ( ,VICTORY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,GRAEB] 

,TEXT 3 

,! BIGGE/ PROBLEM FAC+ DIRECT ACTION MOVEM5TS IS ?AT WE DON'T KN[ H[ TO H&LE VICTORY4 

,?IS MI<T SEEM AN ODD ?+ TO SAY BECAUSE ( A LOT ( US HAV5'T BE5 FEEL+ P>TICUL>LY VICTORI\S ( LATE4 ,MO/ AN>*I/S TODAY FEEL ! GLOBAL JU/ICE MOVEM5T WAS K9D ( A BLIP3 9SPIR+1 C]TA9LY1 :ILE IT LA/$1 BUT NOT A MOVEM5T ?AT SUCCE$$ EI!R 9 PUTT+ D[N LA/+ ORGANIZATIONAL ROOTS OR TRANS=M+ ! CONT\RS ( P[] 9 ! WORLD4 ,! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T WAS EV5 MORE FRU/RAT+1 S9CE AN>*I/S & AN>*I/ TACTICS W]E L>GELY M>G9ALIZ$4 ,! W> WILL 5D1 ( C\RSE1 BUT ?AT'S JU/ BECAUSE W>S ALWAYS DO4 ,NO ONE IS FEEL+ !Y CONTRIBUT$ MU* TO IT4 

,I WANT TO SUGGE/ AN ALT]NATIVE 9T]PRETATION4 ,LET ME LAY \T ?REE 9ITIAL PROPOSITIONS H]E3 

,ODD ?\< IT MAY SEEM1 ! RUL+ CLASSES LIVE 9 FE> ( US4 ,!Y APPE> TO /ILL BE HAUNT$ BY ! POSSIBILITY ?AT1 IF AV]AGE ,AM]ICANS REALLY GET W9D ( :AT !Y'RE UP TO1 !Y MI<T ALL 5D UP HANG+ FROM TREES4 ,IT KN[ IT SEEMS IMPLAUSIBLE BUT IT'S H>D TO COME UP ) ANY O!R EXPLANATION = ! WAY !Y GO 9TO PANIC MODE ! MOM5T !RE IS ANY SIGN ( MASS MOBILIZATION1 & ESPECIALLY MASS DIRECT ACTION1 & USUALLY TRY TO DI/RACT ATT5TION BY />T+ SOME K9D ( W>4 

,9 A WAY ?IS PANIC IS JU/IFI$4 ,MASS DIRECT ACTION -- ESPECIALLY :5 ORGANIZ$ ON DEMOCRATIC L9ES -- IS 9CR$IBLY EFFECTIVE4 ,OV] ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S 9 ,AM]ICA1 !RE HAVE BE5 ONLY TWO 9/ANCES ( MASS ACTION ( ?IS SORT3 ! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T 9 ! LATE '#gS1 & ! SO CALL$ 0ANTI-GLOBALIZATION0 MOVEM5T FROM R\<LY #a#i#i#i-#b#a4 ,9 EA* CASE1 ! MOVEM5T'S MA9 POLITICAL GOALS W]E REA*$ F> MORE QUICKLY ?AN ALMO/ ANYONE 9VOLV$ IMAG9$ POSSIBLE4 

,! REAL PROBLEM SU* MOVEM5TS FACE IS ?AT !Y ALWAYS GET TAK5 BY SURPRISE BY ! SPE$ ( !IR 9ITIAL SUCCESS4 ,WE >E NEV] PREP>$ = VICTORY4 ,IT ?R[S US 9TO CONFUSION4 ,WE />T FI<T+ EA* O!R4 ,! RAT*ET+ ( REPRESSION & APPEALS TO NATIONALISM ?AT 9EVITABLY ACCOMPANIES SOME NEW R\ND ( W> MOBILIZATION !N PLAYS 9TO ! H&S ( AU?ORIT>IANS ON EV]Y SIDE ( ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM4 ,AS A RESULT1 BY ! TIME ! FULL IMPACT ( \R 9ITIAL VICTORY BECOMES CLE>1 WE'RE USUALLY TOO BUSY FEEL+ LIKE FAILURES TO EV5 NOTICE IT4 

,LET ME TAKE ! TWO MO/ PROM95T EXAMPLES CASE BY CASE3 

,I3 ,! ,ANTI-,NUCLE> ,MOVEM5T 

,! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T ( ! LATE '#gS M>K$ ! FIR/ APPE>ANCE 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ( :AT WE N[ CONSID] /&>D AN>*I/ TACTICS & =MS ( ORGANIZATION3 MASS ACTIONS1 AFF9ITY GR\PS1 SPOKESC\NCILS1 CONS5SUS PROCESS1 JAIL SOLID>ITY1 ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( DEC5TRALIZ$ DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 ,IT WAS ALL SOME:AT PRIMITIVE1 COMP>$ TO N[1 & !RE W]E SIGNIFICANT DIFF]5CES -- NOTABLY A MU* /RICT]1 ,G&HIAN-/YLE CONCEPTIONS ( NONVIOL5CE -- BUT ALL ! ELEM5TS W]E !RE & IT WAS ! FIR/ TIME !Y HAD COME TOGE!R AS A PACKAGE4 ,= TWO YE>S1 ! MOVEM5T GREW ) AMAZ+ SPE$ & %[$ EV]Y SIGN ( BECOM+ A NATION-WIDE PH5OM5ON4 ,!N ALMO/ AS QUICKLY1 IT DI/9TEGRAT$4 

,IT ALL BEGAN :51 9 #a#i#g#d1 SOME VET]AN PEAC5IKS TURN$ ORGANIC F>M]S 9 ,NEW ,5GL& SUCCESSFULLY BLOCK$ CON/RUCTION ( A PROPOS$ NUCLE> P[] PLANT 9 ,MONTAGUE1 ,MASSA*USETTS4 ,9 #a#i#g#f1 !Y JO9$ ) O!R ,NEW ,5GL& ACTIVI/S1 9SPIR$ BY ! SUCCESS ( A YE>-LONG PLANT OCCUPATION 9 ,G]MANY1 TO CREATE ! ,CLAM%ELL ,ALLIANCE4 ,CLAM%ELL'S IMM$IATE GOAL WAS TO /OP CON/RUCTION ( A PROPOS$ NUCLE> P[] PLANT 9 ,SEABROOK1 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE4 ,:ILE ! ALLIANCE NEV] 5D$ UP MANAG+ AN OCCUPATION SO MU* AS A S]IES ( DRAMATIC MASS->RE/S1 COMB9$ ) JAIL SOLID>ITY1 !IR ACTIONS -- 9VOLV+1 AT PEAK1 T5S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ ON DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC L9ES -- SUCCE$$ 9 ?R[+ ! V]Y IDEA ( NUCLE> P[] 9TO QUE/ION 9 A WAY IT HAD NEV] BE5 BE=E4 ,SIMIL> COALITIONS BEGAN SPR++ UP ACROSS ! C\NTRY3 ! ,PALMETTO ALLIANCE 9 ,S\? ,C>OL9A1 ,OY/]%ELL 9 ,M>YL&1 ,SUNFL[] 9 ,KANSAS1 & MO/ FAM\S ( ALL1 ! ,ABALONE ,ALLIANCE 9 ,CALI=NIA1 REACT+ ORIG9ALLY TO A COMPLETELY 9SANE PLAN TO BUILD A NUCLE> P[] PLANT AT ,DIABLO ,CANYON1 ALMO/ DIRECTLY ON TOP ( A MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC FAULT L9E4 

,CLAM%ELL FIR/ ?REE MASS ACTIONS1 9 #aigf & #a#i#g#g1 W]E WILDLY SUCCESSFUL4 ,BUT IT SOON FELL 9TO CRISIS OV] QUE/IONS ( DEMOCRATIC PROCESS4 ,9 ,MAY #a#i#g#h1 A NEWLY CREAT$ ,COORD9AT+ ,COMMITTEE VIOLAT$ PROCESS TO ACCEPT A LA/-M9UTE GOV]NM5T (F] = A ?REE-DAY LEGAL RALLY AT ,SEABROOK 9/EAD ( A PLANN$ F\R? OCCUPATION 7! EXCUSE WAS RELUCTANCE TO ALI5ATE ! SURR\ND+ COMMUNITY74 ,ACRIMONI\S DEBATES BEGAN AB\T CONS5SUS & COMMUNITY RELATIONS1 :I* !N EXP&$ TO ! ROLE ( NONVIOL5CE 7EV5 CUTT+ ?R\< F5CES1 OR DEF5SIVE MEASURES LIKE GAS MASKS1 HAD ORIG9ALLY BE5 =BIDD571 G5D] BIAS1 & SO ON4 ,BY #aigi ! ALLIANCE SPLIT 9TO TWO CONT5D+1 & 9CREAS+LY 9EFFECTIVE1 FACTIONS1 & AFT] MANY DELAYS1 ! ,SEABROOK PLANT 7OR HALF ( IT ANYWAY7 DID GO 9TO OP]ATION4 ,! ,ABALONE ,ALLIANCE LA/$ LONG]1 UNTIL #a#i#h#e1 9 P>T BECAUSE ITS /RONG CORE ( AN>*A-FEM9I/S1 BUT 9 ! 5D1 ,DIABLO ,CANYON TOO GOT ITS LIC5SE & W5T 9TO OP]ATION 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#h#h4 

,ON ! SURFACE ?IS DOESN'T S\ND TOO 9SPIR+4 ,BUT :AT WAS ! MOVEM5T REALLY TRY+ TO A*IEVE8 ,IT MI<T HELPFUL H]E TO MAP \T ITS FULL RANGE ( GOALS3 

,%ORT-,T]M ,GOALS3 TO BLOCK CON/RUCTION ( ! P>TICUL> NUCLE> PLANT 9 QUE/ION 7,SEABROOK1 ,DIABLO ,CANYON4447 

,M$IUM-,T]M ,GOALS3 TO BLOCK CON/RUCTION ( ALL NEW NUCLE> PLANTS1 DELEGITIMIZE ! V]Y IDEA ( NUCLE> P[] & BEG9 MOV+ T[>DS CONS]VATION & GRE5 P[]1 & LEGITIMATE NEW =MS ( NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE & FEM9I/-9SPIR$ DIRECT DEMOCRACY 

,LONG-,T]M ,GOALS3 7AT LEA/ = ! MORE RADICAL ELEM5TS7 SMA% ! /ATE & DE/ROY CAPITALISM 

,IF SO ! RESULTS >E CLE>4 ,%ORT-T]M GOALS W]E ALMO/ NEV] REA*$4 ,DESPITE NUM]\S TACTICAL VICTORIES 7DELAYS1 UTILITY COMPANY BANKRUPTCIES1 LEGAL 9JUNCTIONS7 ! PLANTS ?AT BECAME ! FOCUS ( MASS ACTION ALL ULTIMATELY W5T ON L9E4 ,GOV]NM5TS SIMPLY CANNOT ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE SE5 TO LOSE 9 SU* A BATTLE4 ,LONG-T]M GOALS W]E ALSO OBVI\SLY NOT OBTA9$4 ,BUT ONE REASON !Y W]5'T IS ?AT ! M$IUM-T]M GOALS W]E ALL REA*$ ALMO/ IMM$IATELY4 ,! ACTIONS DID DELEGITIMIZE ! V]Y IDEA ( NUCLE> P[] -- RAIS+ PUBLIC AW>5ESS TO ! PO9T ?AT :5 ,?REE ,MILE ,ISL& MELT$ D[N 9 #a#i#g#i1 IT DOOM$ ! 9DU/RY =EV]4 ,:ILE PLANS = ,SEABROOK & ,DIABLO ,CANYON MI<T NOT HAVE BE5 CANCEL$1 JU/ AB\T EV]Y O!R !N-P5D+ PLAN TO BUILD A NUCLE> REACTOR WAS1 & NO NEW ONES HAVE BE5 PROPOS$ = A QU>T] C5TURY4 ,!RE WAS 9DE$ A MORE T[>DS CONS]VATION1 GRE5 P[]1 & A LEGITIMIZ+ ( NEW DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZ+ TE*NIQUES4 ,ALL ?IS HAPP5$ MU* MORE QUICKLY ?AN ANYONE HAD REALLY ANTICIPAT$4 

,9 RETROSPECT1 IT'S EASY TO SEE MO/ ( ! SUBSEQU5T PROBLEMS EM]G$ DIRECTLY FROM ! V]Y SPE$ ( ! MOVEM5T'S SUCCESS4 ,RADICALS HAD HOP$ TO MAKE L9KS BETWE5 ! NUCLE> 9DU/RY & ! V]Y NATURE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ?AT CREAT$ IT4 ,AS IT TURNS \T1 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM PROV$ MORE ?AN WILL+ TO JETTISON ! NUCLE> 9DU/RY ! MOM5T IT BECAME A LIABILITY4 ,ONCE GIANT UTILITY COMPANIES BEGAN CLAIM+ !Y TOO WANT$ TO PROMOTE GRE5 5]GY1 EFFECTIVELY 9VIT+ :AT WE'D N[ CALL ! ,N,G,O TYPES TO A SPACE AT ! TABLE1 !RE WAS AN 5ORM\S TEMPTATION TO JUMP %IP4 ,ESPECIALLY BECAUSE MANY ( !M ONLY ALLI$ ) MORE RADICAL GR\PS SO AS TO W9 !MSELVES A PLACE AT ! TABLE TO BEG9 )4 

,! 9EVITABLE RESULT WAS A S]IES ( HEAT$ /RATEGIC DEBATES4 ,BUT IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO UND]/& ?IS ?\< )\T FIR/ UND]/&+ ?AT /RATEGIC DEBATES1 )9 DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS1 >E R>ELY CONDUCT$ AS SU*4 ,!Y ALMO/ ALWAYS TAKE ! =M ( DEBATES AB\T SOME?+ ELSE4 ,TAKE = 9/ANCE ! QUE/ION ( CAPITALISM4 ,ANTI-CAPITALI/S >E USUALLY MORE ?AN HAPPY TO DISCUSS !IR POSITION ON ! SUBJECT4 ,LIB]ALS ON ! O!R H& REALLY DON'T LIKE TO HAVE TO SAY 0ACTUALLY1 ,I AM 9 FAVOR ( MA9TA9+ CAPITALISM01 SO :5EV] POSSIBLE1 !Y TRY TO *ANGE ! SUBJECT4 ,SO DEBATES ?AT >E ACTUALLY AB\T :E!R TO DIRECTLY *ALL5GE CAPITALISM USUALLY 5D UP GETT+ >GU$ \T AS IF !Y W]E %ORT-T]M DEBATES AB\T TACTICS & NONVIOL5CE4 ,AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S OR O!RS :O >E SUSPICI\S ( DEMOCRACY ITSELF DON'T LIKE TO MAKE ?AT AN ISSUE EI!R1 & PREF] TO DISCUSS ! NE$ TO CREATE ! BROADE/ POSSIBLE COALITIONS4 ,?OSE :O DO LIKE DEMOCRACY BUT FEEL A GR\P IS TAK+ ! WRONG /RATEGIC DIRECTION (T5 F9D IT MU* MORE EFFECTIVE TO *ALL5GE ITS DECISION-MAK+ PROCESS ?AN TO *ALL5GE ITS ACTUAL DECISIONS4 

,!RE IS ANO!R FACTOR H]E ?AT IS EV5 LESS REM>K$1 BUT ,I ?9K EQUALLY IMPORTANT4 ,EV]YONE KN[S ?AT FAC$ ) A BROAD & POT5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y COALITION1 ANY GOV]NM5TS' FIR/ MOVE WILL BE TO TRY TO SPLIT 9 IT4 ,MAK+ CONCESSIONS TO PLACATE ! MOD]ATES :ILE SELECTIVELY CRIM9ALIZ+ ! RADICALS -- ?IS IS ,>T ( ,GOV]NANCE #a#a4 ,! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 ?\<1 IS 9 POSSESSION ( A GLOBAL EMPIRE CON/ANTLY MOBILIZ$ = W>1 & ?IS GIVES IT ANO!R OPTION ?AT MO/ GOV]NM5TS DO NOT4 ,?OSE RUNN+ IT CAN1 PRETTY MU* ANY TIME !Y LIKE1 DECIDE TO RAT*ET UP ! LEVEL ( VIOL5CE OV]SEAS4 ,?IS HAS PROV$ A REM>KABLY EFFECTIVE WAY TO DEFUZE SOCIAL MOVEM5TS F\ND$ >\ND DOME/IC CONC]NS4 ,IT SEEMS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T WAS FOLL[$ BY MAJOR POLITICAL CONCESSIONS & A RAPID ESCALATION ( ! W> 9 ,VIETNAM2 ?AT ! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T WAS FOLL[$ BY ! AB&ONM5T ( NUCLE> P[] & A RAMP+ UP ( ! ,COLD ,W>1 ) ,/> ,W>S PROGRAMS & PROXY W>S 9 ,AF<ANI/AN & ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA2 ?AT ! ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,MOVEM5T WAS FOLL[$ BY ! COLLAPSE ! ,WA%+TON CONS5SUS & ! ,W> ON ,T]ROR4 ,AS A RESULT E>LY ,S,D,S HAD TO PUT ASIDE ITS E>LY EMPHASIS ON P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY TO BECOME A M]E ANTI-W> MOVEM5T2 ! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T MORPH$ 9TO A NUCLE> FREEZE MOVEM5T2 ! HORIZONTAL /RUCTURES ( ,D,A,N & ,P,G,A GAVE WAY TO TOP-D[N MASS ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,A,N,S,W,] & ,U,F,P,J4 ,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( GOV]NM5T ! MILIT>Y SOLUTION DOES HAVE ITS RISKS4 ,! :OLE ?+ CAN BL[ UP 9 ONE'S FACE1 AS IT DID 9 ,VIETNAM 7H5CE ! OBSESSION1 AT LEA/ S9CE ! FIR/ ,GULF ,W> TO DESIGN A W> ?AT WAS EFFECTIVELY PROTE/-PRO(47 ,!RE IS ALSO ALWAYS A SMALL RISK SOME MISCALCULATION WILL ACCID5TALLY TRIGG] A NUCLE> ,>MAG$DON & DE/ROY ! PLANET4 ,BUT !SE >E RISKS POLITICIANS FAC$ ) CIVIL UNRE/ APPE> TO HAVE NORMALLY BE5 MORE ?AN WILL+ TO TAKE -- IF ONLY BECAUSE DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS G5U9ELY SC>E !M1 :ILE ANTI-W> MOVEM5TS >E !IR PREF]R$ ADV]S>Y4 ,/ATES >E1 AFT] ALL1 ULTIMATELY =MS ( VIOL5CE4 ,= !M1 *ANG+ ! >GUM5T TO ONE AB\T VIOL5CE IS TAK+ ?+S BACK TO !IR HOME TURF1 :AT !Y REALLY PREF] TO TALK AB\T4 ,ORGANIZATIONS DESIGN$ EI!R TO WAGE1 OR TO OPPOSE1 W>S WILL ALWAYS T5D TO BE MORE HI]>*ICALLY ORGANIZ$ ?AN ?OSE DESIGN$ ) ALMO/ ANY?+ ELSE 9 M9D4 ,?IS IS C]TA9LY :AT HAPP5$ 9 ! CASE ( ! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T4 ,:ILE ! ANTI-W> MOBILIZATIONS ( ! '#hS TURN$ \T F> L>G] NUMB]S ?AN ,CLAM%ELL OR ,ABALONE EV] HAD1 BUT IT ALSO M>K$ A RETURN TO M>*+ ALONG ) SIGNS1 P]MITT$ RALLIES1 & AB&ON+ EXP]IM5TS ) NEW =MS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 

,I,I3 ,! ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,MOVEM5T 

,I'LL ASSUME \R G5TLE READ] IS BROADLY FAMILI> ) ! ACTIONS AT ,SEATTLE1 ,I,M,F-,WORLD ,BANK BLOCKADES SIX MON?S LAT] 9 ,WA%+TON AT ,A#a#f1 & SO ON4 

,9 ! ,U,S1 ! MOVEM5T FL>$ UP SO QUICKLY & DRAMATICALLY EV5 ! M$IA C\LD NOT COMPLETELY DISMISS IT4 ,IT ALSO QUICKLY />T$ EAT+ ITSELF4 ,DIRECT ,ACTION ,NETWORKS W]E F\ND$ 9 ALMO/ EV]Y MAJOR CITY 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,:ILE SOME ( !SE 7NOTABLY ,SEATTLE & ,L4,A4 ,D,A,N7 W]E RE=MI/1 ANTI-CORPORATE1 & FANS ( /RICT NONVIOL5CE CODES1 MO/ 7LIKE ,NEW ,YORK & ,*ICAGO ,D,A,N7 W]E OV]:ELM+LY AN>*I/ & ANTI-CAPITALI/1 & D$ICAT$ TO DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 ,O!R CITIES 7,MONTREAL1 ,WA%+TON ,D4,C47 CREAT$ EV5 MORE EXPLICITLY AN>*I/ ,ANTI-,CAPITALI/ ,CONV]G5CES4 ,! ANTI-CORPORATE ,D,A,NS DISSOLV$ ALMO/ IMM$IATELY1 BUT V]Y FEW LA/$ MORE ?AN A C\PLE YE>S4 ,!RE W]E 5DLESS & BITT] DEBATES3 AB\T NONVIOL5CE1 AB\T SUMMIT-HOPP+1 AB\T RACISM & PRIVILEGE ISSUES1 AB\T ! VIABILITY ( ! NETWORK MODEL4 ,!N !RE WAS #i_/#a#a1 FOLL[$ BY A HUGE 9CREASE UP ( ! LEVEL ( REPRESSION & RESULTANT P>ANOIA1 & ! PANICK$ FLI<T ( ALMO/ ALL \R =M] ALLIES AMONG UNIONS & ,N,G,OS4 ,BY ,MIAMI1 9 #b#c1 IT SEEM$ LIKE WE'D BE5 PUT TO R\T1 & A P>ALYZES SWEPT OV] ! MOVEM5T FROM :I* WE'VE ONLY REC5TLY />T$ TO RECOV]4 

,SEPTEMB] #a#a? WAS SU* A WEIRD EV5T1 SU* A CATA/ROPHE1 ?AT IT MAKES IT ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE = US TO P]CEIVE ANY?+ ELSE >\ND IT4 ,9 ITS IMM$IATE AFT]MA?1 ALMO/ ALL ( ! /RUCTURES CREAT$ 9 ! GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T COLLAPS$4 ,BUT ONE REASON IT WAS SO EASY = !M TO COLLAPSE WAS -- NOT JU/ ?AT W> SEEM$ SU* AN IMM$IATELY MORE PRESS+ CONC]N -- BUT ?AT ONCE AGA91 9 MO/ ( \R IMM$IATE OBJECTIVES1 WE'D ALREADY1 UNEXPECT$LY1 WON4 

,MYSELF1 ,I JO9$ ,N,Y,C ,D,A,N RI<T >\ND ! TIME ( ,A#a#f4 ,AT ! TIME ,D,A,N AS A :OLE SAW ITSELF AS A GR\P ) TWO MAJOR OBJECTIVES4 ,ONE WAS TO HELP COORD9ATE ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN W+ ( A VA/ GLOBAL MOVEM5T AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM1 & :AT WAS !N CALL$ ! ,WA%+TON ,CONS5SUS1 TO DE/ROY ! HEGEMONY ( NEOLIB]AL IDEAS1 /OP ALL ! NEW BIG TRADE AGREEM5TS 7,W,T,O1 ,F,T,A,A71 & TO DISCR$IT & EV5TUALLY DE/ROY ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ! ,I,M,F4 ,! O!R WAS TO DISSEM9ATE A 7V]Y MU* AN>*I/-9SPIR$7 MODEL ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY3 DEC5TRALIZ$1 AFF9ITY-GR\P /RUCTURES1 CONS5SUS PROCESS1 TO REPLACE OLD-FA%ION$ ACTIVI/ ORGANIZ+ /YLES ) !IR /E]+ COMMITTEES & IDEOLOGICAL SQUABBLES4 ,AT ! TIME WE SOMETIMES CALL$ IT 0CONTAM9ATIONISM01 ! IDEA ?AT ALL PEOPLE REALLY NE$$ WAS TO BE EXPOS$ TO ! EXP]I5CE ( DIRECT ACTION & DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 & !Y W\LD WANT TO />T IMITAT+ IT ALL BY !MSELVES4 ,!RE WAS A G5]AL FEEL+ ?AT WE W]5'T TRY+ TO BUILD A P]MAN5T /RUCTURE2 ,D,A,N WAS JU/ A MEANS TO ?IS 5D4 ,:5 IT HAD S]V$ ITS PURPOSE1 SEV]AL F\ND+ MEMB]S EXPLA9$ TO ME1 !RE W\LD BE NO FUR!R NE$ = IT4 ,ON ! O!R H& !SE W]E PRETTY AMBITI\S GOALS1 SO WE ALSO ASSUM$ EV5 IF WE DID ATTA9 !M1 IT W\LD PROBABLY TAKE AT LEA/ A DECADE4 

,AS IT TURN$ \T IT TOOK AB\T A YE> & A HALF4 

,OBVI\SLY WE FAIL$ TO SP>K A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ONE REASON WE NEV] GOT TO ! PO9T ( 9SPIR+ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE TO RISE UP WAS1 AGA91 ?AT WE A*IEV$ \R O!R GOALS SO QUICKLY4 ,TAKE ! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION4 ,:ILE ! ANTI-W> COALITIONS /ILL OP]ATE1 AS ANTI-W> COALITIONS ALWAYS DO1 AS TOP-D[N POPUL> FRONT GR\PS1 ALMO/ EV]Y SMALL-SCALE RADICAL GR\P ?AT ISN'T DOM9AT$ BY ,M>XI/ SECT>IANS ( SOME SORT OR ANO!R -- & ?IS 9CLUDES ANY?+ FROM ORGANIZATIONS ( ,SYRIAN IMMIGRANTS 9 ,MONTREAL OR COMMUNITY G>D5S 9 ,DETROIT -- N[ OP]ATE ON L>GELY AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,!Y MI<T NOT KN[ IT4 ,BUT CONTAM9ATIONISM WORK$4 ,ALT]NATELY1 TAKE ! DOMA9 ( IDEAS4 ,! ,WA%+TON CONS5SUS LIES 9 RU9S4 ,SO MU* SO IT'S H>D NO TO REMEMB] :AT PUBLIC DISC\RSE 9 ?IS C\NTRY WAS EV5 LIKE BE=E ,SEATTLE4 ,R>ELY HAVE ! M$IA & POLITICAL CLASSES BE5 SO COMPLETELY UNANIM\S AB\T ANY?+4 ,?AT 0FREE TRADE01 0FREE M>KETS01 & NO-HOLDS-B>R$ SUP]*>G$ CAPITALISM WAS ! ONLY POSSIBLE DIRECTION = HUMAN HI/ORY1 ! ONLY POSSIBLE SOLUTION = ANY PROBLEM WAS SO COMPLETELY ASSUM$ ?AT ANYONE :O CA/ D\BT ON ! PROPOSITION WAS TREAT$ AS LIT]ALLY 9SANE4 ,GLOBAL JU/ICE ACTIVI/S1 :5 !Y FIR/ =C$ !MSELVES 9TO ! ATT5TION ( ,C,N,N OR ,NEWSWEEK1 W]E IMM$IATELY WRITT5 (F AS REACTION>Y LUNATICS4 ,A YE> OR TWO LAT]1 ,C,N,N & ,NEWSWEEK W]E SAY+ WE'D WON ! >GUM5T4 

,USUALLY :5 ,I MAKE ?IS PO9T 9 FRONT ( AN>*I/ CR[DS SOMEONE IMM$IATELY OBJECTS3 0WELL1 SURE1 ! RHETORIC HAS *ANG$1 BUT ! POLICIES REMA9 ! SAME40 

,?IS IS TRUE 9 A MANN] ( SPEAK+4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 IT'S TRUE ?AT WE DIDN'T DE/ROY CAPITALISM4 ,BUT WE 7TAK+ ! 0WE0 H]E AS ! HORIZONTALI/1 DIRECT-ACTION ORI5T$ W+ ( ! PLANET>Y MOVEM5T AGA9/ NEOLIB]ALISM7 DID >GUABLY DEAL IT A BIGG] BL[ 9 JU/ TWO YE>S ?AN ANYONE S9CE1 SAY1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,LET ME TAKE ?IS PO9T BY PO9T3 

,F,R,E,E ,T,R,A,D,E ,A,G,R,E,E,M,5,T,S4 ,ALL ! AMBITI\S FREE TRADE TREATIES PLANN$ S9CE #aiih HAVE FAIL$1 ,! ,M,A,I WAS R\T$2 ! ,F,T,A,A1 FOCUS ( ! ACTIONS 9 ,QUEBEC ,CITY & ,MIAMI1 /OPP$ DEAD 9 ITS TRACKS4 ,MO/ ( US REMEMB] ! #bc ,F,T,A,A SUMMIT MA9LY = 9TRODUC+ ! 0,MIAMI MODEL0 ( EXTREME POLICE REPRESSION EV5 AGA9/ OBVI\SLY NONVIOL5T CIVIL RESI/ANCE4 ,IT WAS ?AT4 ,BUT WE =GET ?IS WAS MORE ?AN ANY?+ ! 5RAG$ FLAIL+S ( A PACK ( EXTREMELY SORE LOS]S -- ,MIAMI WAS ! MEET+ :]E ! ,F,T,A,A WAS DEF9ITIVELY KILL$4 ,N[ NO ONE IS EV5 TALK+ AB\T BROAD1 AMBITI\S TREATIES ON ?AT SCALE4 ,! ,U,S IS R$UC$ TO PU%+ = M9OR C\NTRY-TO-C\NTRY TRADE PACTS ) TRADITIONAL ALLIES LIKE ,S\? ,KOREA & ,P]U1 OR AT BE/ DEALS LIKE ,C,A,F,T,A1 UNIT+ ITS REMA9+ CLI5T /ATES 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 & IT'S NOT EV5 CLE> IT WILL MANAGE TO PULL (F ?AT4 

,! ,W,O,R,L,D ,T,R,A,D,E ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N4 ,AFT] ! CATA/ROPHE 7= !M7 9 ,SEATTLE1 ORGANIZ]S MOV$ ! NEXT MEET+ TO ! ,P]SIAN ,GULF ISL& ( ,DOHA1 APP>5TLY DECID+ !Y W\LD RA!R RUN ! RISK ( BE+ BL[N UP BY ,OSAMA B9 ,LAD5 ?AN HAV+ TO FACE ANO!R ,D,A,N BLOCKADE4 ,= SIX YE>S !Y HAMM]$ AWAY AT ! 0,DOHA R\ND04 ,! PROBLEM WAS ?AT1 EMBOLD5$ BY ! PROTE/ MOVEM5T ,S\!RN GOV]NM5TS BEGAN 9SI/+ !Y W\LD NO LONG] AGREE OP5 !IR BORD]S TO AGRICULTURAL IMPORTS FROM RI* C\NTRIES UNLESS ?OSE RI* C\NTRIES AT LEA/ /OPP$ P\R+ BILLIONS ( DOLL>S ( SUBSIDIES AT !IR [N F>M]S1 ?US 5SUR+ ,S\!RN F>M]S C\LDN'T POSSIBLY COMPETE4 ,S9CE ! ,U,S 9 P>TICUL> HAD NO 9T5TION ( ITSELF MAK+ ANY ( ! SORT ( SACRIFICES IT DEM&$ ( ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 ALL DEALS W]E (F4 ,9 ,JULY #b#f1 ,PI]RE ,LAMY1 HEAD ( ! ,W,T,O1 DECL>$ ! ,DOHA R\ND DEAD & AT ?IS PO9T NO ONE IS EV5 TALK+ AB\T ANO!R ,W,T,O NEGOTIATION = AT LEA/ TWO YE>S -- AT :I* PO9T ! ORGANIZATION MI<T V]Y POSSIBLY NOT EXI/4 

,! ,9,T,],N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,M,O,N,E,T,>,Y ,F,U,N,D ,& ,W,O,R,L,D ,B,A,N,K4 ,?IS IS ! MO/ AMAZ+ /ORY ( ALL4 ,! ,I,M,F IS RAPIDLY APPROA*+ BANKRUPTCY1 & IT IS A DIRECT RESULT ( ! WORLDWIDE MOBILIZATION AGA9/ !M4 ,TO PUT ! MATT] BLUNTLY3 WE DE/ROY$ IT4 ,! ,WORLD ,BANK IS NOT DO+ ALL ?AT MU* BETT]4 ,BUT BY ! TIME ! FULL EFFECTS W]E FELT1 WE W]5'T EV5 PAY+ ATT5TION4 

,?IS LA/ /ORY IS WOR? TELL+ 9 SOME DETAIL1 SO LET ME LEAVE ! 9D5T$ SECTION H]E = A MOM5T & CONT9UE 9 ! MA9 TEXT3 

,! ,I,M,F WAS ALWAYS ! >*-VILLA9 ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS ! MO/ P[]FUL1 MO/ >ROGANT1 MO/ PITILESS 9/RUM5T ?R\< :I* NEOLIB]AL POLICIES HAVE1 = ! LA/ #be YE>S BE5 IMPOS$ ON ! POOR] C\NTRIES ( ! GLOBAL ,S\?1 BASICALLY1 BY MANIPULAT+ DEBT4 ,9 EX*ANGE = EM]G5CY REF9ANC+1 ! ,I,M,F W\LD DEM& 0/RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T PROGRAMS0 ?AT =C$ MASSIVE CUTS 9 HEAL?1 $UCATION1 PRICE SUPPORTS ON FOOD1 & 5DLESS PRIVATIZATION S*EMES ?AT ALL[$ =EIGN CAPITALI/S TO BUY UP LOCAL RES\RCES AT FIRESALE PRICES4 ,/RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T NEV] SOMEH[ WORK$ TO GET C\NTRIES BACK ON !IR FEET ECONOMICALLY1 BUT ?AT JU/ MEANT !Y REMA9$ 9 CRISIS1 & ! SOLUTION WAS ALWAYS TO 9SI/ ON YET ANO!R R\ND ( /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T4 

,! ,I,M,F HAD ANO!R1 LESS CELEBRAT$1 ROLE3 ( GLOBAL 5=C]4 ,IT WAS !IR JOB TO 5SURE ?AT NO C\NTRY 7NO MATT] H[ POOR7 C\LD EV] BE ALL[$ TO DEFAULT ON LOANS TO ,WE/]N BANK]S 7NO MATT] H[ FOOLI%74 ,EV5 IF A BANK] W]E TO (F] A CORRUPT DICTATOR A BILLION DOLL> LOAN1 & ?AT DICTATOR PLAC$ IT DIRECTLY 9 HIS ,SWISS BANK ACC\NT & FL$ ! C\NTRY1 ! ,I,M,F W\LD 5SURE BILLION DOLL>S 7PLUS G5]\S 9T]E/7 W\LD HAVE TO BE EXTRACT$ FROM HIS =M] VICTIMS4 ,IF A C\NTRY DID DEFAULT1 = ANY REASON1 ! ,I,M,F C\LD IMPOSE A CR$IT BOYCOTT :OSE ECONOMIC EFFECTS W]E R\<LY COMP>ABLE TO ?AT ( A NUCLE> BOMB4 7,ALL ?IS FLIES 9 ! FACE ( EV5 ELEM5T>Y ECONOMIC !ORY1 :]EBY ?OSE L5D+ MONEY >E SUPPOS$ TO BE ACCEPT+ A C]TA9 DEGREE ( RISK1 BUT 9 ! WORLD ( 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS1 ECONOMIC LAWS >E ONLY HELD TO BE B9D+ ON ! POOR47 ,?IS ROLE WAS !IR D[NFALL4 

,:AT HAPP5$ WAS ?AT ,>G5T9A DEFAULT$ & GOT AWAY ) IT4 ,9 ! '#iS1 ,>G5T9A HAD BE5 ! ,I,M,F'S /> PUPIL 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA -- !Y HAD LIT]ALLY PRIVATIZ$ EV]Y PUBLIC FACILITY EXCEPT ! CU/OMS BUREAU4 ,!N 9 #b#b1 ! ECONOMY CRA%$4 ,! IMM$IATE RESULTS WE ALL KN[3 BATTLES 9 ! /REETS1 POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 ! OV]?R[ ( ?REE GOV]NM5TS 9 ONE MON?1 ROAD BLOCKADES1 OCCUPI$ FACTORIES444 0,HORIZONTALISM0 -- BROADLY AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES -- W]E AT ! CORE ( POPUL> RESI/ANCE4 ,! POLITICAL CLASS WAS SO COMPLETELY DISCR$IT$ ?AT POLITICIANS W]E OBLIG$ TO PUT ON WIGS & PHONY MU/A*ES TO BE ABLE TO EAT 9 RE/AURANTS )\T BE+ PHYSICALLY ATTACK$4 ,:5 ,NE/OR ,KIR*N]1 A MOD]ATE SOCIAL DEMOCRAT1 TOOK P[] 9 #b#c1 HE KNEW HE HAD TO DO SOME?+ DRAMATIC 9 ORD] TO GET MO/ ( ! POPULATION EV5 TO ACCEPT EV5 ! IDEA ( HAV+ A GOV]NM5T1 LET ALONE HIS [N4 ,SO HE DID4 ,HE DID1 9 FACT1 ! ONE ?+ NO ONE 9 ?AT POSITION IS EV] SUPPOS$ TO DO4 ,HE DEFAULT$ ON ,>G5T9A'S =EIGN DEBT4 

,ACTUALLY ,KIR*N] WAS QUITE CLEV] AB\T IT4 ,HE DID NOT DEFAULT ON HIS ,I,M,F LOANS4 ,HE DEFAULT$ ON ,>G5T9A'S PRIVATE DEBT1 ANN\NC+ ?AT = ALL \T/&+ LOANS1 HE W\LD ONLY PAY #be C5TS ON ! DOLL>4 ,CITIBANK & ,*ASE ( C\RSE W5T TO ! ,I,M,F1 !IR ACCU/OM$ 5=C]1 TO DEM& PUNI%M5T4 ,BUT = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ITS HI/ORY1 ! ,I,M,F BALK$4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 ) ,>G5T9A'S ECONOMY ALREADY 9 RU9S1 EV5 ! ECONOMIC EQUIVAL5T ( A NUCLE> BOMB W\LD DO LITTLE MORE ?AN MAKE ! RUBBLE B\NCE4 ,SECOND ( ALL1 JU/ AB\T EV]YONE WAS AW>E IT WAS ! ,I,M,F'S DISA/R\S ADVICE ?AT SET ! /AGE = ,>G5T9A'S CRA% 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,?IRD & MO/ DECISIVELY1 ?IS WAS AT ! V]Y HEI<T ( ! IMPACT ( ! GLOBAL JU/ICE MOVEM5T3 ! ,I,M,F WAS ALREADY ! MO/ HAT$ 9/ITUTION ON ! PLANET1 & WILLFULLY DE/ROY+ :AT LITTLE REMA9$ ( ! ,>G5T9E MIDDLE CLASS W\LD HAVE BE5 PU%+ ?+S JU/ A LITTLE BIT TOO F>4 

,SO ,>G5T9A WAS ALL[$ TO GET AWAY ) IT4 ,AFT] ?AT1 EV]Y?+ *ANG$4 ,BRAZIL & ,>G5T9A TOGE!R >RANG$ TO PAY BACK !IR \T/&+ DEBT TO ! ,I,M,F ITSELF4 ,) A LITTLE HELP FROM ,*AVEZ1 SO DID ! RE/ ( ! CONT95T4 ,9 #b#c1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ,I,M,F DEBT /OOD AT @s#d#i BILLION4 ,N[ IT'S @s#f#i#d MILLION4 ,TO PUT ?AT 9 P]SPECTIVE3 ?AT'S A DECL9E ( #i#h4#f.04 ,= EV]Y ?\S& DOLL>S [$ F\R YE>S AGO1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA N[ [ES F\RTE5 BUCKS4 ,ASIA FOLL[$4 ,*9A & ,9DIA N[ BO? HAVE NO \T/&+ DEBT TO ! ,I,M,F & REFUSE TO TAKE \T NEW LOANS4 ,! BOYCOTT N[ 9CLUDES ,KOREA1 ,?AIL&1 ,9DONESIA1 ,MALAYSIA1 ! ,PHILIPP9ES & PRETTY MU* EV]Y O!R SIGNIFICANT REGIONAL ECONOMY4 ,ALSO ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,FUND IS R$UC$ TO LORD+ IT OV] ! ECONOMIES ( ,AFRICA1 & MAYBE SOME P>TS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & =M] ,SOVIET SPH]E 7BASICALLY ?OSE )\T OIL74 ,AS A RESULT ITS REV5UES HAVE PLUMMET$ BY #h.0 9 F\R YE>S4 ,9 ! IRONY ( ALL POSSIBLE IRONIES1 IT'S 9CREAS+LY LOOK+ LIKE ! ,I,M,F WILL GO BANKRUPT IF !Y CAN'T F9D SOMEONE WILL+ TO BAIL !M \T4 ,NEI!R IS IT CLE> !RE'S ANYONE P>TICUL>LY WANTS TO4 ,) ITS REPUTATION AS FISCAL 5=C] 9 TATT]S1 ! ,I,M,F NO LONG] S]VES ANY OBVI\S PURPOSE EV5 = CAPITALI/S4 ,!RE'S BE5 A NUMB] ( PROPOSALS AT REC5T ,G#h MEET+S TO MAKE UP A NEW MISSION = ! ORGANIZATION -- A K9D ( 9T]NATIONAL BANKRUPTCY C\RT1 P]HAPS -- BUT ALL 5D$ UP GETT+ TORP$O$ = ONE REASON OR ANO!R4 ,EV5 IF ! ,I,M,F DOES SURVIVE1 IT HAS ALREADY BE5 R$UC$ TO A C>DBO>D CUT\T ( ITS =M] SELF4 

,! ,WORLD ,BANK1 :I* E>LY ON TOOK ON ! ROLE ( GOOD COP1 IS 9 SOME:AT BETT] %APE4 ,BUT EMPHASIS H]E MU/ BE PLAC$ ON ! WORD 0SOME:AT0 -- AS 91 ITS REV5UE HAS ONLY FALL5 BY #f.01 NOT #h.01 & !RE >E FEW ACTUAL BOYCOTTS4 ,ON ! O!R H& ! ,BANK IS CURR5TLY BE+ KEPT ALIVE L>GELY BY ! FACT ,9DIA & ,*9A >E /ILL WILL+ TO DEAL ) IT1 & BO? SIDES KN[ ?AT1 SO IT IS NO LONG] 9 MU* ( A POSITION TO DICTATE T]MS4 

,OBVI\SLY1 ALL ( ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ALL ! MON/]S HAVE BE5 SLA94 ,9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 NEOLIB]ALISM MI<T BE ON ! RUN1 BUT ,*9A & ,9DIA >E C>RY+ \T DEVA/AT+ 0RE=MS0 )9 !IR [N C\NTRIES1 ,EUROPEAN SOCIAL PROTECTIONS >E UND] ATTACK1 & MO/ ( ,AFRICA1 DESPITE MU* HYPOCRITICAL PO/UR+ ON ! P>T ( ! ,BONOS & RI* C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD1 IS /ILL LOCK$ 9 DEBT1 & N[ ALSO FAC+ A NEW COLONIZATION BY ,*9A4 ,! ,U,S1 ITS ECONOMIC P[] RETREAT+ 9 MO/ ( ! WORLD1 IS FRANTICALLY TRY+ TO R$\BLE ITS GRIP OV] ,MEXICO & ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA4 ,WE'RE NOT LIV+ 9 UTOPIA4 ,BUT WE ALREADY KNEW ?AT4 ,! QUE/ION IS :Y WE NEV] NOTIC$ \R VICTORIES4 

,OLIVI] DE ,M>CELLUS1 A ,P,G,A ACTIVI/ FROM ,SWITZ]L&1 PO9TS TO ONE REASON3 :5EV] SOME ELEM5T ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM TAKES A HIT1 :E!R IT'S ! NUCLE> 9DU/RY OR ! ,I,M,F1 SOME LEFTI/ J\RNAL WILL />T EXPLA9+ TO US ?AT REALLY1 ?IS IS ALL P>T ( !IR PLAN -- OR MAYBE1 AN EFFECT ( ! 9EXORABLE WORK+ \T ( ! 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITAL1 BUT C]TA9LY1 NO?+ = :I* WE \RSELVES >E 9 ANY WAY RESPONSIBLE4 ,EV5 MORE IMPORTANT1 P]HAPS1 IS \R RELUCTANCE TO EV5 SAY ! WORD 0WE04 ,! ,>G5T9E DEFAULT1 WASN'T ?AT REALLY 5G9E]$ BY ,NE/OR ,KIR*N]8 ,:AT DOES HE HAVE TO DO ) ! GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T8 ,I MEAN1 IT'S NOT AS IF HIS H&S W]E =C$ BY ?\S&S ( CITIZ5S W]E RIS+ UP1 SMA%+ BANKS1 & REPLAC+ ! GOV]NM5T ) POPUL> ASSEMBLIES COORD9AT$ BY ! ,I,M,C4 ,OR1 WELL1 OKAY1 MAYBE IT WAS4 ,WELL1 9 ?AT CASE1 ?OSE CITIZ5S W]E ,PEOPLE ( ,COLOR 9 ! ,GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,H[ CAN 0WE0 TAKE RESPONSIBILITY = !IR ACTIONS8 ,NEV] M9D ?AT !Y MO/LY SAW !MSELVES AS P>T ( ! SAME GLOBAL JU/ICE MOVEM5T AS US1 ESP\S$ SIMIL> IDEAS1 WORE SIMIL> CLO!S1 US$ SIMIL> TACTICS1 9 MANY CASES EV5 BELONG$ TO ! SAME CONF$]ACIES OR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,SAY+ 0WE0 H]E W\LD IMPLY ! PRIMAL S9 ( SPEAK+ = O!RS4 

,MYSELF1 ,I ?9K IT'S REASONABLE = A GLOBAL MOVEM5T TO CONSID] ITS ACCOMPLI%M5TS 9 GLOBAL T]MS4 ,!SE >E NOT 9CONSID]ABLE4 ,YET JU/ AS ) ! ANTI-NUCLE> MOVEM5T1 !Y W]E ALMO/ ALL FOCUS$ ON ! MIDDLE T]M4 ,LET ME MAP \T A SIMIL> HI]>*Y ( GOALS3 

,%ORT-,T]M ,GOALS3 BLOCKADE & %UT D[N P>TICUL> SUMMIT MEET+S 7,I,M,F1 ,W,T,O1 ,G#h1 ETC7 

,M$IUM-,T]M ,GOALS3 DE/ROY ! 0,WA%+TON ,CONS5SUS0 >\ND NEOLIB]ALISM1 BLOCK ALL NEW TRADE PACTS1 DELEGITIMIZE & ULTIMATELY %UT D[N 9/ITUTIONS LIKE ! ,W,T,O1 ,I,M,F1 & ,WORLD ,BANK2 DISSEM9ATE NEW MODELS ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 

,LONG-,T]M ,GOALS3 7AT LEA/ = ! MORE RADICAL ELEM5TS7 SMA% ! /ATE & DE/ROY CAPITALISM4 

,H]E AGA91 WE F9D ! SAME PATT]N4 ,AFT] ! MIRACLE ( ,SEATTLE1 %ORT T]M -- TACTICAL -- GOALS W]E R>ELY A*IEV$4 ,BUT ?IS WAS MA9LY BECAUSE FAC$ ) SU* A MOVEM5T1 GOV]NM5TS T5D TO DIG 9 !IR HEELS & MAKE IT A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE ?AT !Y %\LDN'T BE4 ,?IS WAS USUALLY CONSID]$ MU* MORE IMPORTANT1 9 FACT1 ?AN ! SUCCESS ( ! SUMMIT 9 QUE/ION4 ,MO/ ACTIVI/S DO NOT SEEM TO BE AW>E ?AT 9 A LOT ( CASES -- ! #ba & #bb ,I,M,F & ,WORLD ,BANK MEET+S = EXAMPLE -- POLICE 5D$ UP 5=C+ SECURITY >RANGEM5TS SO ELABORATE ?AT !Y CAME V]Y CLOSE TO %UTT+ D[N ! MEET+S !MSELVES2 5SUR+ ?AT MANY EV5TS W]E CANCEL$1 ! C]EMONIES W]E RU9$1 & NOBODY REALLY HAD A *ANCE TO TALK TO EA* O!R4 ,BUT ! PO9T WAS NOT :E!R TRADE (FICIALS GOT TO MEET OR NOT4 ,! PO9T WAS ?AT ! PROTE/]S C\LD NOT BE SE5 TO W94 

,H]E1 TOO1 ! M$IUM T]M GOALS W]E A*IEV$ SO QUICKLY ?AT IT ACTUALLY MADE ! LONG]-T]M GOALS MORE DIFFICULT4 ,N,G,OS1 LABOR UNIONS1 AU?ORIT>IAN ,M>XI/S1 & SIMIL> ALLIES JUMP$ %IP ALMO/ IMM$IATELY2 /RATEGIC DEBATES 5SU$1 BUT !Y W]E C>RI$ \T1 AS ALWAYS1 9DIRECTLY1 AS >GUM5TS AB\T RACE1 PRIVILEGE1 TACTICS1 ALMO/ ANY?+ BUT AS ACTUAL /RATEGIC DEBATES4 ,H]E1 TOO1 EV]Y?+ WAS MADE 9F9ITELY MORE DIFFICULT BY ! /ATE'S REC\RSE TO W>4 

,IT IS H>D1 AS ,I M5TION$1 = AN>*I/S TO TAKE MU* DIRECT RESPONSIBILITY = ! 9EVITABLE 5D ( ! W> 9 ,IRAQ1 OR EV5 TO ! V]Y BLOODY NOSE ! EMPIRE HAS ALREADY ACQUIR$ !RE4 ,BUT A CASE C\LD WELL BE MADE = 9DIRECT RESPONSIBILITY4 ,S9CE ! '#fS1 & ! CATA/ROPHE ( ,VIETNAM1 ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T HAS NOT AB&ON$ ITS POLICY ( ANSW]+ ANY ?REAT ( DEMOCRATIC MASS MOBILIZ+ BY A RETURN TO W>4 ,BUT IT HAS TO BE MU* MORE C>EFUL4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 !Y HAVE TO DESIGN W>S TO BE PROTE/-PRO(4 ,!RE IS V]Y GOOD REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT ! FIR/ ,GULF ,W> WAS EXPLICITLY DESIGN$ ) ?IS 9 M9D4 ,! APPROA* TAK5 TO ! 9VASION ( ,IRAQ -- ! 9SI/5CE ON A SMALL]1 HI<-TE* >MY1 ! EXTREME RELIANCE ON 9DISCRIM9ATE FIREP[]1 EV5 AGA9/ CIVILIANS1 TO PROTECT AGA9/ ANY ,VIETNAM-LIKE LEVELS ( ,AM]ICAN CASUALTIES -- APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$1 AGA91 MORE ) A M9D TO HEAD+ (F ANY POT5TIAL PEACE MOVEM5T AT HOME ?AN ONE FOCUS$ ON MILIT>Y EFFECTIV5ESS4 ,?IS1 ANYWAY1 W\LD HELP EXPLA9 :Y ! MO/ P[]FUL >MY 9 ! WORLD HAS 5D$ UP BE+ TI$ D[N & EV5 DEFEAT$ BY AN ALMO/ UNIMAG9ABLY RAGTAG GR\P ( GU]RILLAS ) NEGLIGIBLE ACCESS TO \TSIDE SAFE->EAS1 FUND+1 OR MILIT>Y SUPPORT4 ,AS 9 ! TRADE SUMMITS1 !Y >E SO OBSESS$ ) 5SUR+ =CES ( CIVIL RESI/ANCE CANNOT BE SE5 TO W9 ! BATTLE AT HOME ?AT !Y W\LD PREF] TO LOSE ! ACTUAL W>4 

,P]SPECTIVES 7) A BRIEF RETURN TO '#cS ,SPA97 

,H[1 !N1 TO COPE ) ! P]ILS ( VICTORY8 ,I CAN'T CLAIM TO HAVE ANY SIMPLE ANSW]S4 ,REALLY ,I WROTE ?IS ESSAY MORE TO />T A CONV]SATION1 TO PUT ! PROBLEM ON ! TABLE -- TO 9SPIRE A /RATEGIC DEBATE4 

,/ILL1 SOME IMPLICATIONS >E PRETTY OBVI\S4 ,! NEXT TIME WE PLAN A MAJOR ACTION CAMPAIGN1 ,I ?9K WE W\LD DO WELL TO AT LEA/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! POSSIBILITY ?AT WE MI<T OBTA9 \R MID-RANGE /RATEGIC GOALS V]Y QUICKLY1 & ?AT :5 ?AT HAPP5S1 MANY ( \R ALLIES WILL FALL AWAY4 ,WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE /RATEGIC DEBATES = :AT !Y >E1 EV5 :5 !Y SEEM TO BE AB\T SOME?+ ELSE4 ,TAKE ONE FAM\S EXAMPLE3 >GUM5TS AB\T PROP]TY DE/RUCTION AFT] ,SEATTLE4 ,MO/ ( !SE1 ,I ?9K1 W]E REALLY >GUM5TS AB\T CAPITALISM4 ,?OSE :O DECRI$ W9D[-BREAK+ DID SO MA9LY BECAUSE !Y WI%$ TO APPEAL TO MIDDLE-CLASS CONSUM]S TO MOVE T[>DS GLOBAL-EX*ANGE /YLE GRE5 CONSUM]ISM1 TO ALLY ) LABOR BUREAUCRACIES & SOCIAL DEMOCRATS ABROAD4 ,?IS WAS NOT A PA? DESIGN$ TO CREATE A DIRECT CONFRONTATION ) CAPITALISM1 & MO/ ( ?OSE :O URG$ US TO TAKE ?IS R\TE W]E AT LEA/ SKEPTICAL AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ?AT CAPITALISM C\LD EV] REALLY BE DEFEAT$ AT ALL4 ,?OSE :O DID BREAK W9D[S DIDN'T C>E IF !Y W]E (F5D+ SUBURBAN HOME[N]S1 BECAUSE !Y DIDN'T SEE !M AS A POT5TIAL ELEM5T 9 A REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-CAPITALI/ COALITION4 ,!Y W]E TRY+1 9 EFFECT1 TO HIJACK ! M$IA TO S5D A MESSAGE ?AT ! SY/EM WAS VULN]ABLE -- HOP+ TO 9SPIRE SIMIL> 9SURRECTION>Y ACTS ON ! P>T ( ?OSE :O MI<T CONSID]+ 5T]+ A G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE2 ALI5AT$ TE5AG]S1 OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ( COLOR1 RANK-&-FILE LABOR]S IMPATI5T ) UNION BUREAUCRATS1 ! HOMELESS1 ! CRIM9ALIZ$1 ! RADICALLY DISCONT5T4 ,IF A MILITANT ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T WAS TO BEG91 9 ,AM]ICA1 IT W\LD HAVE TO />T ) PEOPLE LIKE !SE3 PEOPLE :O DON'T NE$ TO BE CONV9C$ ?AT ! SY/EM IS ROTT51 ONLY1 ?AT !RE'S SOME?+ !Y CAN DO AB\T IT4 ,& AT ANY RATE1 EV5 IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO HAVE AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION )\T GUN-BATTLES 9 ! /REETS -- :I* MO/ ( US >E HOP+ IT IS1 S9CE LET'S FACE IT1 IF WE COME UP AGA9/ ! ,U,S >MY1 WE WILL LOSE -- !RE'S NO POSSIBLE WAY WE C\LD HAVE AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION :ILE AT ! SAME TIME SCRUPUL\SLY RESPECT+ PROP]TY RI<TS4 

,! LATT] ACTUALLY LEADS TO AN 9T]E/+ QUE/ION4 ,:AT W\LD IT MEAN TO W91 NOT JU/ \R M$IUM-T]M GOALS1 BUT \R LONG T]M ONES8 ,AT ! MOM5T NO ONE IS EV5 CLE> H[ ?AT W\LD COME AB\T1 = ! V]Y REASON NONE ( US HAVE MU* FAI? REMA9+ 9 0!0 REVOLUTION 9 ! OLD #a#i? OR #b? C5TURY S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! TOTAL VIEW ( REVOLUTION1 ?AT !RE WILL BE A S+LE MASS 9SURRECTION OR G5]AL /RIKE & !N ALL WALLS WILL COME TUMBL+ D[N1 IS 5TIRELY PREMIS$ ON ! OLD FANTASY ( CAPTUR+ ! /ATE4 ,?AT'S ! ONLY WAY VICTORY C\LD POSSIBLY BE ?AT ABSOLUTE & COMPLETE -- AT LEA/1 IF WE >E SPEAK+ ( A :OLE C\NTRY OR MEAN+FUL T]RITORY4 

,9 WAY ( ILLU/RATION1 CONSID] ?IS3 :AT W\LD IT HAVE ACTUALLY MEANT = ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S TO HAVE ACTUALLY 0WON0 #a#i#c#g8 ,IT'S AMAZ+ H[ R>ELY WE ASK \RSELVES SU* QUE/IONS4 ,WE JU/ IMAG9E IT W\LD HAVE BE5 SOME?+ LIKE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I* BEGAN 9 A SIMIL> WAY1 ) ! MELT+ AWAY ( ! OLD >MY1 ! SPONTANE\S CREATION ( WORK]S' SOVIETS4 ,BUT ?AT WAS 9 ! MAJOR CITIES4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS FOLL[$ BY YE>S ( CIVIL W> 9 :I* ! ,R$ ,>MY GRADUALLY IMPOS$ ! NEW /ATE'S CONTROL ON EV]Y P>T ( ! OLD ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE1 :E!R ! COMMUNITIES 9 QUE/ION WANT$ IT OR NOT4 ,LET US IMAG9E ?AT AN>*I/ MILITIAS 9 ,SPA9 HAD R\T$ ! FASCI/ >MY1 :I* !N COMPLETELY DISSOLV$1 & KICK$ ! SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLICAN ,GOV]NM5T \T ( ITS (FICES 9 ,B>CELONA & ,MADRID4 ,?AT W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE BE5 VICTORY BY ANYBODY'S /&>DS4 ,BUT :AT W\LD HAVE HAPP5$ NEXT8 ,W\LD !Y HAVE E/ABLI%$ ,SPA9 AS A NON-,REPUBLIC1 AN ANTI-/ATE EXI/+ )9 ! EXACT SAME 9T]NATIONAL BORD]S8 ,W\LD !Y HAVE IMPOS$ A REGIME ( POPUL> C\NCILS 9 EV]Y S+E VILLAGE & MUNICIPALITY 9 ! T]RITORY ( :AT HAD =M]LY BE5 ,SPA98 ,H[ EXACTLY8 ,WE HAVE TO BE> 9 M9D H]E ?AT W]E !RE MANY VILLAGES T[NS1 EV5 REGIONS ( ,SPA9 :]E AN>*I/S W]E ALMO/ NON-EXI/5T4 ,9 SOME JU/ AB\T ! 5TIRE POPULATION WAS MADE UP ( CONS]VATIVE ,CA?OLICS OR MON>*I/S2 9 O!RS 7SAY1 ! ,BASQUE C\NTRY7 !RE WAS A MILITANT & WELL-ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS1 BUT ONE ?AT WAS OV]:ELM+LY SOCIALI/ OR COMMUNI/4 ,EV5 AT ! HEI<T ( REVOLUTION>Y F]VOR1 MO/ ( !SE W\LD /AY TRUE TO !IR OLD VALUES & IDEAS4 ,IF ! VICTORI\S ,F,A,I ATTEMPT$ TO EXT]M9ATE !M ALL -- A TASK :I* W\LD HAVE REQUIR$ KILL+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE -- OR *ASE !M \T ( ! C\NTRY1 OR =CIBLY RELOCATE !M 9TO AN>*I/ COMMUNITIES1 OR S5D !M (F TO RE$UCATION CAMPS -- !Y W\LD NOT ONLY HAVE BE5 GUILTY ( WORLD-CLASS ATROCITIES1 !Y W\LD HAVE HAD TO GIVE UP ON BE+ AN>*I/S4 ,DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS SIMPLY CANNOT COMMIT ATROCITIES ON ?AT SY/EMATIC SCALE3 = ?AT1 Y\'D NE$ ,COMMUNI/ OR ,FASCI/-/YLE TOP-D[N ORGANIZATION1 S9CE Y\ CAN'T ACTUALLY GET ?\S&S ( HUMAN BE+S TO SY/EMATICALLY MASSACRE HELPLESS WOM5 & *ILDR5 & OLD PEOPLE1 DE/ROY COMMUNITIES1 OR *ASE FAMILIES FROM !IR ANCE/RAL HOMES UNLESS !Y CAN AT LEA/ SAY !Y W]E ONLY FOLL[+ ORD]S4 ,!RE APPE> TO HAVE BE5 ONLY TWO POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO ! PROBLEM4 

,LET ! ,REPUBLIC CONT9UE AS DE FACTO GOV]NM5T1 CONTROLL$ BY ! SOCIALI/S1 LET !M IMPOSE GOV]NM5T CONTROL ! RI<T-W+ MAJORITY >EAS1 & GET SOME K9D ( DEAL \T ( !M ?AT !Y W\LD LEAVE ! AN>*I/-MAJORITY CITIES1 T[NS1 & VILLAGES ALONE TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES AS !Y WI% TO1 & HOPE ?AT !Y KEPT ! DEAL 7?IS MI<T BE CONSID]$ ! 0GOOD LUCK0 OPTION7 

,DECL>E ?AT EV]YONE WAS TO =M !IR [N LOCAL POPUL> ASSEMBLIES1 & LET !M DECIDE ON !IR [N MODE ( SELF-ORGANIZATION4 

,! LATT] SEEMS ! MORE FITT+ ) AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 BUT ! RESULTS W\LDN'T HAVE LIKELY BE5 TOO MU* DIFF]5T4 ,AFT] ALL1 IF ! 9HABITANTS (1 SAY1 ,BILBAO OV]:ELM+LY DESIR$ TO CREATE A LOCAL GOV]NM5T1 H[ EXACTLY W\LD ONE HAVE /OPP$ !M8 ,MUNICIPALITIES :]E ! *UR* OR L&LORDS /ILL COMM&$ POPUL> SUPPORT W\LD PRESUMABLY PUT ! SAME OLD RI<T-W+ AU?ORITIES 9 *>GE2 SOCIALI/ OR COMMUNI/ MUNICIPALITIES W\LD PUT SOCIALI/ OR COMMUNI/ P>TY BUREAUCRATS 9 *>GE2 ,RI<T & ,LEFT /ATI/S W\LD !N EA* =M RIVAL CONF$]ATIONS ?AT1 EV5 ?\< !Y CONTROLL$ ONLY A FRACTION ( ! =M] ,SPANI% T]RITORY1 W\LD EA* DECL>E !MSELVES ! LEGITIMATE GOV]NM5T ( ,SPA94 ,=EIGN GOV]NM5TS W\LD RECOGNIZE ONE OR ! O!R -- S9CE NONE W\LD BE WILL+ TO EX*ANGE AMBASSADORS ) A NON-GOV]NM5T LIKE ! ,F,A,I1 EV5 ASSUM+ ! ,F,A,I WI%$ TO EX*ANGE AMBASSADORS ) !M1 :I* IT W\LDN'T4 ,9 O!R WORDS ! ACTUAL %OOT+ W> MI<T 5D1 BUT ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE W\LD CONT9UE1 & L>GE P>TS ( ,SPA9 W\LD PRESUMABLY 5D UP LOOK+ LIKE CONTEMPOR>Y ,*IAPAS1 ) EA* DI/RICT OR COMMUNITY DIVID$ BETWE5 AN>*I/ & ANTI-AN>*I/ FACTIONS4 ,ULTIMATE VICTORY W\LD HAVE TO BE A LONG & >DU\S PROCESS4 ,! ONLY WAY TO REALLY W9 OV] ! /ATI/ 5CLAVES W\LD BE W9 OV] !IR *ILDR51 :I* C\LD BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY CREAT+ AN OBVI\SLY FRE]1 MORE PLEASURABLE1 MORE BEAUTIFUL1 SECURE1 RELAX$1 FULFILL+ LIFE 9 ! /ATELESS SECTIONS4 ,=EIGN CAPITALI/ P[]S1 ON ! O!R H&1 EV5 IF !Y DID NOT 9T]V5E MILIT>ILY1 W\LD DO EV]Y?+ POSSIBLE TO HEAD (F ! NOTORI\S 0?REAT ( A GOOD EXAMPLE0 BY ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS & SUBV]SION1 & P\R+ RES\RCES 9TO ! /ATI/ ZONES4 ,9 ! 5D1 EV]Y?+ W\LD PROBABLY DEP5D ON ! DEGREE TO :I* AN>*I/ VICTORIES 9 ,SPA9 9SPIR$ SIMIL> 9SURRECTIONS ELSE:]E4 

,! REAL PO9T ( ! IMAG9ATIVE EX]CISE IS JU/ TO PO9T \T ?AT !RE >E NO CLEAN BREAKS 9 HI/ORY4 ,! FLIP-SIDE ( ! OLD IDEA ( ! CLEAN BREAK1 ! ONE MOM5T :5 ! /ATE FALLS & CAPITALISM IS DEFEAT$1 IS ?AT ANY?+ %ORT ( ?AT IS NOT REALLY A VICTORY AT ALL4 ,IF CAPITALISM IS LEFT /&+1 IF IT BEG9S TO M>KET Y\R ONCE-SUBV]SIVE IDEAS1 IT %[S ?AT ! CAPITALI/S REALLY WON4 ,Y\'VE LO/2 Y\'VE BE5 COOPT$4 ,TO ME ?IS IS ABSURD4 ,CAN WE SAY ?AT FEM9ISM LO/1 ?AT IT A*IEV$ NO?+1 JU/ BECAUSE CORPORATE CULTURE FELT OBLIG$ TO PAY LIP S]VICE TO CONDEMN+ SEXISM & CAPITALI/ FIRMS BEGAN M>KET+ FEM9I/ BOOKS1 MOVIES1 & O!R PRODUCTS8 ,( C\RSE NOT3 UNLESS Y\'VE MANAG$ TO DE/ROY CAPITALISM & PATRI>*Y 9 ONE FELL BL[1 ?IS IS ONE ( ! CLE>E/ SIGNS ?AT Y\'VE GOTT5 SOME:]E4 ,PRESUMABLY ANY EFFECTIVE ROAD TO REVOLUTION WILL 9VOLVE 5DLESS MOM5TS ( COOPTATION1 5DLESS VICTORI\S CAMPAIGNS1 5DLESS LITTLE 9SURRECTION>Y MOM5TS OR MOM5TS ( FLI<T & COV]T AUTONOMY4 ,I HESITATE TO EV5 SPECULATE :AT IT MI<T REALLY BE LIKE4 ,BUT TO />T 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 ! FIR/ ?+ WE NE$ TO DO IS TO RECOGNIZE ?AT WE DO1 9 FACT1 W9 SOME4 ,ACTUALLY1 REC5TLY1 WE'VE BE5 W9N+ QUITE A LOT4 ,! QUE/ION IS H[ TO BREAK ! CYCLE ( EXALTATION & DESPAIR & COME UP ) SOME /RATEGIC VISIONS 7! MORE ! M]RI]7 AB\T !SE VICTORIES BUILD ON EA* O!R1 TO CREATE A CUMULATIVE MOVEM5T T[>DS A NEW SOCIETY4 

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