,! ,SECUL> ,PRIE/LY ,SPIRIT 

#aii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GEORGES ,PALANTE 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS IS :AT ,I CALL ! REMNANTS ( ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT )9 \R MOD]N SPIRIT1 :I* ?9KS ITSELF A- OR ANTI-RELIGI\S4 ,BUT IS 0REMNANTS0 REALLY ! PROP] WORD8 ,?IS WORD IMPLIES ! IDEA ( A S5TIM5T 9 RETREAT1 :5 9 FACT ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS ADVANC+4 ,WE W\LD AT LEA/ ?9K ?IS IF WE W]E TO CONSID] ! EXPANSION ( ! SURFACE OCCUPI$ BY ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT4 ,! PRIE/LY SPIRIT WAS ONCE ! PRIVILEGE ( A CA/E2 TODAY IT HAS SPREAD1 DIFFUS$1 BE5 DILUT$ 9 \R RUL+ CLASSES1 9 ?OSE 9TELLECTUAL1 POLITICAL1 ADM9I/RATIVE ELITES ?AT =M \R DEMOCRATIC >I/OCRACY4 

,EXAMPLES ( ?IS SPIRIT >E EASY TO F9D 9 \R LANGUAGE & MORES4 ,WE CAN CITE ! RAGE TO CONF] A SACR$ *>ACT] ON ONE'S PR(ESSION1 TO TURN IT 9TO A PRIE/HOOD4 ,:5EV] Y\ HE> A G5TLEMAN APPLY ?IS WORD TO HIS PR(ESSION OR ?AT ( O!RS Y\ HAVE BE=E Y\ A MAN MORE OR LESS IMBU$ ) ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT4 ,IT IS ESPECIALLY 9 REG>D TO C>E]S 9 $UCATION OR ! MAGI/RACY ?AT PRIE/HOOD IS SPOK5 (1 BUT WE CAN EXT5D ?IS WORD TO ALL ( CIVIL S]VICE1 TO ALL HI]>*IES1 9 CON=MITY ) ! ETYMOLOGY ( ?IS LA/ WORD .<#a.>4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ANY FUNCTION>Y W\LD BE A PRIE/ OR A SEMI-PRIE/4 ,WE ALSO SPEAK ( ! PRIE/HOOD ( ! LAWY] OR ! DOCTOR4 ,:5 IT'S A QUE/ION ( A LAWY] OR DOCTOR :O IS ALSO A POLITICIAN ! PRIE/HOOD IS D\BL$1 & IS C>RI$ 9 A WAY TO ! SECOND P[]4 

,ANO!R REMNANT ( ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS ! QUALIFICATION ( R5EGADE ?AT IS US$ TO 9SULT ! MAN :O *ANGES HIS OP9ION4 ,! EPI!T ( R5EGADE HAS A RELIGI\S ORIG91 :I* DOESN'T PREV5T ANTI-CL]ICALS FROM US+ IT LIKE EV]YONE ELSE4 ,WE ALL KN[ A G5TLEMAN :O CALLS HIMSELF A FREE-?9K]1 :O L\DLY PROCLAIMS ! RI<T = ALL TO *ANGE1 TO EVOLVE1 ETC4 ,IF NE$ BE HE'LL QUOTE Y\ ! WELL-KN[N V]SE3 0,! ABSURD MAN IS HE :O NEV] *ANGES40 

,BUT IF HE W]E TO LE>N ( ! AB\T-FACE ( ONE ( HIS POLITICAL FRI5DS1 !N HE GETS 9DIGNANT & CALLS HIS =M] FELL[-BELIEV] ! H>% & FE>$ EPI!T ( 0R5EGADE40 ,:Y FE>$8 ,BECAUSE WE >E IMBU$ ) ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT1 BECAUSE WE ALL TREMBLE BE=E ANA!MA & EXCOMMUNICATION4 ,& YET1 IF WE ADMIT FRE$OM ( ?\<T1 WE MU/ ADMIT IT 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS A R5EGADE4 ,EV]YONE IS FREE AT EV]Y 9/ANT TO %AKE (F YE/]DAY'S BELIEF4 ,BUT MO/ PEOPLE DON'T SEE ?+S 9 ?IS WAY4 ,A P>TY IS A *UR*1 & IT CLAIMS TO HOLD ITS PEOPLE UND] ITS P[]2 IT WANTS TO PREV5T DEFECTIONS & S*ISMS1 & T]RIFIES ! POT5TIAL R5EGADE ) ! GE/URE ( ANA!MA4 

,ANO!R CL]ICAL EXPRESSION IS ! V]Y WORD ( SECUL> ?AT IS US$ ON ALL OCCASIONS4 ,SECUL> MORALITY6 ,SECUL> CONSCI\SNESS6 ,SECUL> BELIEFS6 ,!SE EXPRESSIONS TAKE US BACK TO ! TIMES ( ! PAPAL BULL 0,CL]ICIS ,LAICOS10 :]E CL]ICS W]E OPPOS$ TO ! LAITY4 ,?IS IS A PURE DI/ILLATION ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,9 A SOCIETY :]E CL]ICS NO LONG] EXI/ OR C\NT -- AT LEA/ 9TELLECTUALLY -- IT CAN NO LONG] BE A QUE/ION ( SECUL> IDEAS4 ,A SPIRIT 9DIFF]5T TO !OLOGICAL CONTROV]SIES WILL NOT ATTA* AN 9TELLECTUALLY MEAN+FUL SIGNIFICANCE TO ?IS EXPRESSION4 ,ONE W\LD HAVE TO BE PONTIFF1 TO WANT TO OPPOSE ONE *UR* TO ANO!R4 

,SECUL> HOLIDAYS >E ALSO SPOK5 (4 ,REC5TLY FE/IVALS ( ,LOVE1 ,Y\?1 ,SPR+1 ,LABOR HAVE BE5 9/ITUT$1 ALONG ) ! APPROPRIATE PROGRAM3 READ+ ( APPOSITE V]SES BY G5TLEM5 9 BLACK SUITS1 PROCESSIONS ( Y\NG C\PLES CELEBRAT+ LOVE1 WORK]S C>RY+ !IR TOOLS & CELEBRAT+ LABOR1 ETC4 ,AT ! HE>T ( !SE SECUL> C]EMONIES CAN EASILY BE F\ND A RELIGI\S1 A CL]ICAL CONC]N3 ?AT ( HAV+ M5 COMMUNE ) ! SAME IDEA1 9 A SAME FAI?4 ,= ANYONE ) A RELIGI\S SPIRIT A S5TIM5T1 JOY1 MEMORY1 OR HOPE ONLY HAVE VALUE ON CONDITION ( BE+ HELD 9 COMMON1 ( BE+ SOLEMNIZ$ & CONSECRAT$ BY ! GR\P4 

,ANO!R RELIGI\S & EVANGELICAL EXPRESSION IS ?AT ( 0GO+ TO ! PEOPLE10 SO FA%IONABLE A FEW YE>S AGO AMONG Y\NG ,TOL/OYANS & ADEPTS ( ,P,U'S4.<#b.> 

,( ! SAME ORD] IS ! EXPRESSION SOCIAL OBLIGATION1 ESPECIALLY :5 IT'S PRON\NC$ 9 A C]TA9 WAY & ) A C]TA9 %[Y COMPUNCTION4 ,! GR\P SPIRIT 9 ALL ITS =MS1 ESPRIT DE CORPS1 ESPRIT DE *APELLE ALL EASILY TAKE ON A RELIGI\S NUANCE4 ,WE HE>D A Y\NG 5G9E]1 FRE%LY GRADUAT$ FROM ! ,ECOLE ,POLYTE*QNIQUE SPEAK ) DEVOTION ( ! ,POLYTE*NICIANS' ESPRIT DE CORPS AS IF IT W]E A RELIGION ( 9ITIATES1 UN9TELLIGIBLE TO ! PR(ANE4 ,?IS SAME S5TIM5T WAS (T5 EXPRESS$ BY SOLDI]S AT ! TIME ( ! ,DREYFUS ,AFFAIR4 

,IF Y\ WILL1 NONE ( ?IS IS EI!R V]Y S]I\S OR V]Y PR(\ND4 ,AT ! V]Y MO/ IT'S CAPABLE ( ANNOY+ ?OSE HORRIFI$ BY ! 0RELIGI\S NUANCE10 AS ,/5DHAL CALL$ IT4 ,! PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS ONLY SK9 DEEP2 IT HAS LO/ 9 DEP? :AT IT HAS GA9$ 9 EXT5T4 ,IT NO LONG] HAS ! DEP? ( PSY*OLOGY1 ! %AD[Y WILL TO P[]1 ! IMPLACABLE P]SEV]ANCE 9 RESS5TIM5T ?AT CONF]R$ A SOMB] MAJE/Y ON ! SAC]DOTAL S\L ( ! PA/ & ?AT ,NIETZS*E SO POT5TLY DESCRIBES 9 HIS 0,G5EALOGY ( ,MORALS40 ,WE >E WITNESS+ A B\RGEOISIFICATION & A DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT3 WE SEE NO?+ BUT PRIE/S >\ND US4 ,BUT :AT HUMBLE1 :AT MODE/ PONTIFFS COMP>$ TO ?OSE GREAT ASCETIC FIGURES :O D$ICAT$ !MSELVES TO :AT ,NIETZS*E CALL$ ! 0SAC]DOTAL M$ICATION ( HUMANITY10 & :O PURSU$ A C5TURIES OLD LABOR ( TOTAL SPIRITUAL & TEMPORAL DOM9ATION4 ,! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS ! HEIR & ! PALE IMITATOR ( ! O!R4 ,IT BORR[S FROM ,CA?OLICISM ITS MIZE 5 SC5E1 ITS IMPRESSIVE DECOR & EV5 ITS SACR$ MUSIC1 :I* HAVE BE5 WIDELY US$ = ,PAN!ONIZATIONS & O!R RELIGIO-SECUL> C]EMONIES1 SU* AS ! /ATUFY+ ( SECUL> PONTIFFS1 CIVIL M>RIAGES DECORAT$ ) SECUL> & WORLDLY POMP1 ETC4 ,LET US SEE :AT IT HAS RETA9$ ( ITS PSY*OLOGY4 

,IT %\LD FIR/ BE NOT$ ?AT ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT MU/ BE DI/+UI%$ FROM ! RELIGI\S SPIRIT4 ,?IS IS SO TRUE ?AT AT ALL TIMES !RE HAS BE5 A FL\RI%+ ( ! RELIGI\S SPIRIT ?AT HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT4 ,?IS IS MY/ICISM1 :I* IS A K9D ( RELIGI\S 9DIVIDUALISM4 

,! PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS ! RELIGI\S SPIRIT SOCIALIZ$1 CL]ICALIZ$4 ,IT'S ! RELIGI\S SPIRIT 9 ! H&S ( A CL]GY *>G$ ) (FICIALLY REPRES5T+ IT4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! PRIE/LY SPRIT IS A CA/E SPIRIT1 OR AT ! V]Y LEA/ AN ESPRIT DE CORPS ) ALL ! S5TIM5TS ?AT >E ATTA*$ TO IT2 A SPIRIT ( SPIRITUAL & TEMPORAL DOM9ATION1 OR AT ! V]Y LEA/ PRIDE & VANITY ( CA/E OR CORPS1 A S5TIM5T ( MORAL & SOCIAL SUP]IORITY1 ( AN AU?ORITY TO BE EX]CIS$1 ( A C]TA9 DECORUM TO BE MA9TA9$1 ( C]TA9 RITES TO BE OBS]V$4 ,!SE S5TIM5TS1 :I* >E AT !IR HEI<T 9 A CL]GY1 CAN EXI/ 9 A MORE OR LESS DIFFUS$ & ATT5UAT$ /ATE 9 ! DIV]SE CORPORATIONS & SOCIAL CATEGORIES :I*1 ) :ATEV] RI<T1 ASPIRE TO REPRES5T A MORAL IDEA1 TO FULFILL AN APO/OLATE OR A SOCIAL MISSION1 TO POSIT !MSELVES AS MODELS 7HONE/ M571 TO SET ! TONE & ! EXAMPLE1 TO IMPR9T A MORAL DIRECTION ON ! RE/ ( SOCIETY3 9 %ORT1 TO EX]CISE A PRIE/HOOD4 

,IT %\LD BE ADD$ ?AT ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT CAN BE TI$ TO ! RELIGI\S S5TIM5T OR BE SEP>ATE FROM IT4 ,9 ITS SUP]IOR =MS IT IS VIVIFI$ BY A RELIGI\S1 OR AT LEA/ PHILOSOPHICAL OR MORAL BELIEF4 ,BUT AT ITS L[E/ & POORE/ DEGREE IT T5DS TO BE EMPTI$ ( ALL 9TELLECTUAL OR IDEAL CONT5T1 TO BE R$UC$ TO A SIMPLE EXT]NAL =MALISM1 A PURE PH>ISEEISM4 ,! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT1 LIKE ! O!R1 9 ?IS REG>D PRES5TS MANY DEGREES & NUANCES4 

,AT ITS HI<E/ DEGREE1 AS IT IS 5C\NT]$ AMONG \R 9TELLECTUALS -- PHILOSOPH]S1 MORALI/S1 SOCIOLOGI/S1 PR(ESSORS ( ! SPIRITUAL LIFE & ( MORAL ACTION -- ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT CAN BE F\ND TI$ TO A C]TA9 CONCEPT ( PHILOSOPHY UND]/OOD AS ! S]VANT ( AN E?ICAL F9ALISM & A SECUL> MORAL FAI?4 

,BELIEVE & MAKE PEOPLE BELIEVE1 SAYS ,M4 ,JULES DE ,GAULTI]4 ,?IS IS ! GOAL ( ! GREATE/ NUMB] ( PHILOSOPH]S1 AFT] & BE=E 0,! ,CRITIQUE ( ,PURE ,REASON40 ,BACON /AT$ ?AT 9 HIS TIME !Y W]E TAU<T 9 UNIV]SITIES TO BELIEVE1 & ?IS IS /ILL TRUE 9 \R TIME4 

,BUT IT'S NOT ONLY 9 UNIV]SITIES ?AT !SE TEA*+S >E DISP5S$1 IT'S 9 ANY BOOK ABLE TO F9D A PUBLIC4 ,:AT M5 DEM& ( PHILOSOPHY IS ?AT IT GIVE !M SOME?+ TO BELIEVE 91 TO GIVE !M A FIR/ PR9CIPLE TO :I* !Y CAN AFFIX !IR CONDUCT1 A GOAL :I* !Y CAN HAVE ! ILLUSION ( HEAD+ T[>DS1 S9CE ! NUMB] ( SPIRITS = :OM ! JOY ( UND]/&+ ON ITS [N SUFFICES CAN ONLY EV] BE 9SIGNIFICANT & NEGLIGIBLE4 .<#c.> 

,9 ?IS ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT MAKES ITSELF ! S]VANT ( AN IDEA4 ,LIKE ! ,CA?OLIC PRIE/LY SPIRIT IT PRESUPPOSES A DOCTR9AL CR$O1 AN IDEOLOGY ( :I* IT IS ! GU>DIAN4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT 9 ONE CASE ! CR$O IS REVEAL$ BY ,GOD1 :ILE 9 ! O!R IT IS REVEAL$ BY REASON4 ,BUT ! RESEMBLANCES BETWE5 ! TWO IDEOLOGIES >E MANY4 ,AS WAS P]FECTLY DEMON/RAT$ BY ,M4 ,JULES DE ,GAULTI] ! RATIONALI/ IDEOLOGY IS NO?+ BUT ! PROLONGATION ( ,*RI/IAN IDEOLOGY3 IT IS A V]ITABLE SECUL> RELIGION4 ,A ,M>XI/ WRIT]1 ,M4 ,$\>D ,B]? BR+S ! TWO IDEOLOGIES TOGE!R UND] ! SAME SIGN ( 9TELLECTUAL LAZ9ESS & AU?ORIT>IAN R\T9E1 & OPPOSES TO !M ! FEV] ( LABOR & 9NOVATION ?AT AGITATES 9DU/RIAL CIRCLES4 0,MO/ M5 DO NOT FEEL ?IS NE$ = ! NEW ?AT IS FELT BY ! 9DU/RIALI/2 !Y PREF] A NICE R\T9E :]E Y\ CAN LIVE PEACEFULLY1 )\T C>ES1 WORRIES OR EF=T4 ,9TELLECTUALI/ SY/EMS >E APPROPRIATE = ! MASS ( ! LAZY ?AT >E MAN4 ,!Y =M A K9D ( BUREAUCRACY ( ! 9TELLECT :]E ONE IS COM=TABLY 9/ALL$ = ! RE/ ( ONE'S LIFE1 :]E Y\ >E COM=TABLY SEAT$ SO AS TO WAT* ! IMMUTABLE SPECTACLE ( ?+S4 ,! *UR* IS HORRIFI$ BY ! ?\<T ( ! NEW1 & ?US ( FRE$OM4 ,?IS IS ! CASE AS WELL1 ,I REPEAT1 = ALL =MS ( 9TELLECTUALISM1 & 9 ! MOD]N WORLD !RE >E MANY V>IETIES ( ?IS4 ,MANY PEOPLE REMA9 =EIGN TO ! PRACTICES ( 9DU/RY3 ! WORLD1 BUREAUCRACY1 ! UNIV]SITY1 ! SO-CALL$ LIB]AL PR(ESSIONS CON/ITUTE ! SOCIAL CIRCLES ?AT 9DU/RIAL ?\<T HAS AS LITTLE P5ETRAT$ AS ! ,*UR* .<#d.>4 ,! 0C\NTLESS V>IETIES ( 9TELLECTUALISM0 MORE OR LESS IMBU$ ) ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT HOLD ! 0FACTORIES :]E ! IDEAL IS PRODUC$40 ,!Y MONOPOLIZE ! 9DIVIDUALS ( RESPECT2 !Y PRODUCE IDEOLOGICAL & PHRASEOLOGICAL VALUES :OSE PRICES >E E/ABLI%$ ACCORD+ TO COMPLETELY DIFF]5T LAWS ?AN ?OSE ( MANUFACTUR$ GOODS4 ,IT IS ?US NOT )\T REASON ?AT ,M4 ,B]? COMP>ES ! ,CA?OLIC *UR* & ! MOD]N SECUL> *UR*ES1 & HE OPPOSES TO ! DOGMATIC & R\T9E PRIE/LY SPIRIT ! LIV+1 ACTIVE1 & EV] NEW 9DU/RIAL SPIRIT4 

,IT IS ONLY FAIR TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT HAS EVOLV$ A BIT 9 ,FRANCE 9 ! LA/ FIFTY YE>S4 ,WE CAN DI/+UI% TWO =MS CORRESPOND+ TO TWO P]IODS ( (FICIAL PHILOSOPHY ON ,FRANCE4 ,! SECUL> *UR* ( ,VICTOR ,C\S91 DOM9AT$ BY ! ,GRECO-,LAT9 LIT]>Y TRADITION & BY ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC RELIGI\S TRADITION1 IS V]Y CLOSE TO ! ,CA?OLICISM IT WANTS TO SUPPLANT4 ,LIKE IT1 IT IS AU?ORIT>IAN & N>R[LY CONS]VATIVE CONC]N+ TRADITIONAL 9/ITUTIONS3 RELIGION1 FAMILY1 & PROP]TY1 IMBU$ LIKE IT ) ?AT ECCLESIA/ICAL PRUD5CE ?AT MAKES SOCIAL USEFULNESS ! CRIT]ION = ALL BELIEFS1 ?AT DIVIDES DOCTR9ES 9TO H>MFUL & HEAL?Y1 & ?AT REFUTES A PHILOSOPHY BAS$ ON ITS MORAL & SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES1 A TYPE ( REFUTATION ?AT ,TA9E RIDICUL$ 9 SO AMUS+ A FA%ION 9 HIS 0,PHILOSOPHES ,CLASSIQUES 5 ,FRANCE40 ,! NEW SECUL> *UR*1 DOM9AT$ BY ! ,KANTIAN ,PROTE/ANT & RATIONALI/ TRADITION1 REJECTS ! ,CA?OLIC PRAGMATISM ( A ,BRUNETI]E1 EXT5DS ITS SOCIAL IDEAL 9 ! DIRECTION ( SOCIALISM & HUMANIT>IANISM1 & T5DS T[>DS A RELIGION EV] MORE 9TELLECTUAL1 EV] MORE AB/RACT1 & F9ALLY UNIV]SAL & HUMAN2 A RELIGION ( REASON1 ( SCI5CE1 ( JU/ICE & ( UNIV]SAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,AMONG ITS HI<E/ REPRES5TATIVES IT RECALLS ! G5]\S DREAMS ?AT ,R5AN SYMBOLIZ$ 9 HIS 0,PRETRE DE ,NEMI40 

,ANO!R TRANS=MATION3 ! ANCI5T ,CA?OLIC & ASCETIC IDEAL HAS EVOLV$ 9TO A PROGRESSIVE IDEAL1 OPTIMI/IC1 EUDEMONI/IC1 & HUMANIT>IAN1 ASPIR+ TO UNIV]SAL HAPP9ESS & SECUL> P>ADISE 7HUMANITY'S SALVATION ?R\< SCI5CE1 ?R\< REASON47 

,! TWO CURR5TS WE F9D 9 ALL RELIGIONS1 ! RATIONALI/ & ! MY/ICAL1 CAN BE F\ND 9 ?IS MOD]N SECUL> RELIGION3 A ,R5AN REPRES5TS SCI5TI/IC 9TELLECTUALISM2 A ,QU9ET1 A ,MI*ELET1 A ,GUYAU1 APO/LES ( LOVE1 REPRES5T DEMOCRATIC & REVOLUTION>Y MY/ICISM4 

,WE %\LD ADD ?AT ! RATIONALI/1 SCI5TI/IC1 & HUMANIT>IAN FAI? CAN BE MORE OR LESS DOGMATIC4 ,IT IS AT ITS HEI<T ( DOGMATISM 9 ,R5AN 9 HIS 0,L',AV5IR DE LA ,SCI5CE10 & 9 ,GUYAU 9 HIS 0,L',IRRELIGION DE L',AV5IR40 ,9 ,R5AN'S LATE/ BOOKS ! RATIONALI/ & SCI5TI/IC FAI? IS DIM9I%$ BY UNC]TA9TIES1 IS ATT5UAT$ ) QUE/ION M>KS3 WILL HUMANITY SUCCE$8 ,WILL IT FAIL 9 ITS VOYAGE T[>DS ! DIV9E8 ,:ATEV] ! CASE1 DESPITE ALL NUANCES 9 ?\<T1 IT CAN BE SAID ?AT ,R5AN HAS REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! 5D TO HIS SCI5TI/IC FAI?4 ,9 0,L',EAU DE ,J\V5CE0 ! OLD ,PROSP]O1 DY+ LIKE ,FAU/1 WEI<$ D[N ) YE>S & LABOR1 SYMBOLIZES ! IDEAL ( SCI5CE & /R5G? ?AT REMA9 ! CULM9AT+ PO9T ( ,R5ANIAN ?\<T4 

,:ATEV] ! S*OOL OR NUANCES 9 ?\<T1 !RE IS A SECOND TRAIT COMMON TO ALL ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! MOD]N SECUL> RELIGION3 FAI? 9 ! P[] ( IDEAS4 ,EV]Y RELIGI\S SPIRIT IS DISPOS$ TO ACCORD AN 5ORM\S 9FLU5CE TO TRANSMITT$ FAI?1 TO A TAU<T MORALITY4 ,ALL PRIE/S BELIEVE 9 ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( !IR PREA*+4 ,! FAM\S3 0,Y\ >E A GOLDSMI?1 ,MONSIEUR ,JOSSE10 F9DS H]E ITS APPLICATION H]E4 ,A COMIC EXAMPLE ( ?IS NAIVE FAI? CAN BE F\ND 9 ,%AW'S PLAY 0,C&IDA0 9 ! P]SON ( ,PA/OR ,MORRELL4 ,UNBEKN[N/ TO HIM1 ?IS PA/OR1 A H&SOME & WELL-SPOK5 MAN1 9SPIRES PASSION AMONG MANY ( HIS LI/5]S4 ,ALL ( !M1 EV5 ! Y\NG WOMAN :O WORKS AS HIS TYPI/1 >E 9 LOVE ) HIM4 ,BECAUSE HE IS 9NOC5CE ITSELF ,PA/OR ,MORELL ATTRIBUTES TO ! VIRTUE ( ! HOLY WORD ! NUMB] ( Y\NG WOM5 AT HIS S]MONS & IS /RUCK DUMB :5 HIS WIFE REVEALS TO HIM ! ILL ?AT HAS HIS F]V5T LI/5]S 9 ITS GRIP3 

,C,&,I,D,A3 ,!Y'RE ALL 9 LOVE ) Y\4 ,& Y\ >E 9 LOVE ) PREA*+ BECAUSE Y\ DO IT SO BEAUTIFULLY4 ,& Y\ ?9K IT'S ALL 5?USIASM = ! K+DOM ( ,HEAV5 ON E>?2 & SO DO !Y4 ,Y\ DE> SILLY6 

,M,O,R,E,L,L3 ,C&IDA1 :AT DREADFUL1 :AT S\L-DE/ROY+ CYNICISM6 

,\R PSEUDO-PRIE/S1 PHILOSOPH]S1 PR(ESSORS ( ! SPIRITUAL LIFE1 MORALI/S1 SOCIOLOGI/S1 PREA*]S ( ALL K9DS FALL 9TO ! SAME ILLUSION AS ,PA/OR ,MOREL )\T1 9CID5TALLY1 ALWAYS OBTA9+ SO FLATT]+ A SUCCESS4 ,ALL >E FLAGRANTLY ,PLATONI/S1 BELIEV]S 9 ! IDEA & 9 LOVE ) !IR PREA*+4 ,= !M IT IS BLASPHEMY TO PLACE 9 D\BT ! VIRTUE ( ! IDEA1 AS SEV]AL H>DLY PRIE/LY GREAT SPIRITS HAVE DONE1 LIKE ,BAYLE OR ! ,COMTE DE ,GOB9EAU4 ,!IR TEA*] ,R5AN HIMSELF SC&ALIZ$ MORE ?AN ONE :5 HE PUT 9 ! M\? ( HIS ,PROSP]O !SE SLI<TLY SKEPTICAL WORDS3 

0,:5 ,I SAY !SE ?+S ,I FEEL ?AT NONE ( MY LI/5]S WILL BE SO /RUCK BY MY PRO(S ?AT IT WILL LEAD HIM TO DEPRIVE HIMSELF ( ANY SWEET S5SATION4 ,)\T ?IS ,I W\LD HAVE SCRUPLES AB\T HAV+ BE5 ! CAUSE ?AT BRAVE M5 W\LD HAVE DIM9I%$ ! TOTAL ( JOYS !Y C\LD HAVE TA/$ BECAUSE !Y TOOK MY REASON+ TOO S]I\SLY40.<#e.> 

,?IS CULT ( ! WORD IS EASILY EXPLA9$4 ,AS IS PROV$ BY ! EXAMPLE ( ,%AW'S PA/OR1 ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS G5]ALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ORATORY SPIRIT1 ,I MEAN ! FACULTY TO M\? PHILOSOPHICAL COMMONPLACES4 ,! REPRES5TATIVE TYPES3 ,VICTOR ,C\S9 & TODAY ,M4 ,JAURES4 ,M4 ,JAURES IS ! ,VICTOR ,C\S9 ( ! SOCIALI/ *UR*4 ,WE CAN APPLY TO HIM ! +5I\S COMP>ISON ( ,TA9E A PROPOS ( ! ,GR& ,PONTIFF ( ! ECLECTIC S*OOL3 0,LIKE A COLOR$ P[]FUL BEACON :I* RECEIVES FIVE OR SIX LI<TS & TRANSMITS ITS SPL5DOR4 ,IT MAKES %9E ON ! PHILOSOPHICAL HORIZON !IR SLI<TLY DEVIAT$ RAYS40 .<#f.> 

,! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT1 LIKE ! ,CA?OLIC PRIE/LY SPIRIT1 HATES D\BT]S1 SKEPTICS1 & DILETTANTES4 ,VICTOR ,C\S9 CA/ HIS SAC]DOTAL ?UND] AGA9/ SKEPTICISM4 ,MI*ELET DOESN'T LIKE ,MONTAIGNE1 CA/+ HIM ASIDE AS UNHEAL?Y & DEBILITAT+4 0,AS = ME10 HE SAYS1 0MY PR(\ND LIT]>Y ADMIRATION = ?AT EXQUISITE WRIT] DOESN'T PREV5T ME FROM SAY+ ?AT ,I F9D 9 HIM1 AT EV]Y MOM5T1 A C]TA9 NAUSEAT+ TA/E1 AS 9 A SICK ROOM1 :]E ! /ALE AIR IS HEAVY ) ! SAD P]FUMES ( ! PH>MACY4 ,! DELICATE1 ! DISGU/$1 ! TIR$ 7& ALL W]E7 HOLD TO ,P9D>'S PHRASE TRANSLAT$ & COMM5T$ ON BY ,MONTAIGNE3 0,TOTUS MUNDUS EX]CET HI/RIONEM30 ! WORLD IS P]=M+ A PLAY1 ! WORLD IS AN ACTOR40 .<#g.> 

,! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT ALSO HATES PRECISE SPIRITS1 LIKE ,/5DHAL1 :O >5'T FOOL$ BY ! NOBLE /YLE & ! ELOQU5CE ( ! PULPIT4 

,ANO!R TRAIT COMMON TO ! ,CA?OLIC PRIE/LY SPIRIT & ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS ! HATR$ & CONTEMPT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL AS SU*4 ,! MO/ 9SI<TFUL ANALY/ ( ! SAC]DOTAL S\L1 ,/IRN]1 NOT$ ?IS4 ,9 ! EYES ( ! PRIE/ ! 9DIVIDUAL MEANS EGOISM1 MEANS EVIL4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL IS ?AT :I* IS ! MO/ CONTEMPTIBLE4 ,IT ONLY BECOMES A LITTLE CLEAN1 A LITTLE PRES5TABLE & A LITTLE 9T]E/+ FROM ! MOM5T IT BECOMES ! S]VANT ( ! MORAL1 I4E41 ! PRIE/LY1 IDEA4 ,ALL \R (FICIAL & MORALIZ+ SOCIOLOGI/S >E AT ?IS PO9T4 ,ALL >E T9Y ,BRUNETI]ES1 = :OM 9DIVIDUALISM IS ! 5EMY4 ,= !M AS WELL RELIGION & SOCIOLOGY >E SYNONYM\S4 ,:AT SOCIOLOGY (F]S IS1 LIKE RELIGION1 TO UNITE S\LS 7RELIG>E7 TO COMPOSE A GREAT SPIRITUAL :OLE4 

,! SECUL> PRIE/ CONSID]S HIMSELF A LABOR] 9 A DIS9T]E/$ TASK4 ,NO?+ SELFI% MU/ BE MIX$ 9 ) HIS MISSION4 ,HE WORKS = ! PURE IDEA2 AT LEA/ HE CLAIMS SO1 & SOMETIMES EV5 BELIEVES IT4 ,NIETZS*E NOT$ DEVOTION TO TRU? AMONG \R FREE-?9K]S & A!I/S1 ! F9AL 9C>NATION ( ! ASCETIC IDEAL4 

,MOD]N SECUL> FAI? IS NOT A DEAD FAI?1 IT'S A FAI? 9 ACTION4 ,*>LES ,PEGUY SAID3 0,! 5ROLL+ ( Y\NG PEOPLE IS ! OLDE/1 ! DE>E/ AMBITION1 ! MO/ SECRET ECCLESIA/ICAL 5VY40 .<#h.> ,IT'S ?AT ( ! SECUL> PRIE/4 ,HE ASPIRES TO GOV]N OV] CONSCI5CES1 TO MORAL UNITY & WORKS TO REALIZE ?IS ?R\< ! DUAL PA?S ( P$AGOGY & POLITICS4 

,IT'S A WELL KN[N LAW ?AT ALL SPIRITUAL P[]S T5D TO BE BACK$ UP BY A TEMPORAL P[]1 & ?AT 9V]SELY ALL TEMPORAL P[]S FELL ! NE$ TO CR[N !MSELVES ) ! HALO ( A MORAL IDEA1 TO SET !MSELVES UP AS ! RUL]S ( REASON & TRU?4 ,?IS DUAL ASPIRATION IS 9C>NAT$ 9 ! P$ANTOCRATIC P>TY ?AT ,*>LES ,PEGUY CALL$ 0! MOD]N 9TELLECTUAL P>TY10 & :I* HE SO VIGOR\SLY & SUBTLY DESCRIB$4 

,IT IS /ILL 9C>NAT$ 7& 9 TRU? IT'S ALL ! SAME ?+7 9 ! MOD]N RELIGION ( ! /ATE4 

,?IS RELIGION IS NOT NEW4 ,IT IS A LEGACY ( ! ,ANCI5 ,REGIME TRANSMITT$ BY ! M5 ( #a#g#h#i1 MANY ( :OM1 AS WAS SAID BY ,M4 ,GEORGES ,SOREL1 W]E =M] M5 ( ! LAW1 :O HAD REMA9$ FANATICS = LEGALITY & ! /ATE4 ,TODAY1 ! IDEA ( ! /ATE MA9TA9S ALL ITS PRE/IGE 9 9TELLECTUAL CIRCLES :]E ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT REIGNS1 NOTABLY AMONG ADEPTS ( P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM A LA ,JAURES4 ,A FEW YE>S AGO ! P>LIAM5T>Y DEBATE ON ! MONOPOLY OV] $UCATION SET AGA9/ EA* O!R PR(ESSORIAL POLITICIANS1 PURE ADEPTS ( ! /ATI/ P$ANTOCRACY1 LIKE ,M,M4 ,JAURES & ,L9TILHAC & ! LESS SAC]DOTAL POLITICIANS1 MORE LIB]AT$ FROM ! P$ANTOCRATIC IDEOLOGY1 LIKE ,M4 ,CLEM5CEAU4 .<#i.> 

,! IDEA ( ! /ATE IS A DEM&+1 JEAL\S1 & FE>SOME IDOL4 ,ITS HI< PRIE/S ( #a#g#i#c1 ,ROBESPI]RE & ,SA9T ,JU/1 BELIEV$ !MSELVES TO BE ! EXECUTORS ( A METAPHYSICAL & MORAL M&ATE 9 S]VICE TO :I* !Y DEPLOY$ A T]RIBLE ZEAL4 ,!IR EXAMPLE V]IFIES ,/IRN]'S PHRASE3 ,MORAL FAI? IS AS FANATICAL AS RELIGI\S FAI?4 ,! /ATI/ PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS NATURALLY 9CL9$ TO CRUELTY4 ,:5 CIRCUM/ANCES DEM& IT IT TAKES SATISFACTION 9 A COLD1 !ORETICAL1 IMPLACABLE VIOL5CE4 

,M4 ,GEORGES ,SOREL BELIEVES ?AT PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE WILL NOT BE AS V9DICTIVE OR CRUEL AS ,JACOB9 VIOL5CE BECAUSE IT WILL BE NEI!R /ATI/ NOR SAC]DOTAL4 0,! MORE SYNDICALISM DEVELOPS BY AB&ON+ ! OLD SUP]/ITIONS ?AT COME FROM ! ,ANCI5 ,REGIME & ! *UR* -- ?R\< ! *ANNEL ( M5 ( LETT]S1 PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSORS1 & HI/ORIANS ( ! REVOLUTION -- ! MORE SOCIAL CONFLICTS WILL TAKE ON A *>ACT] ( PURE /RUGGLE RESEMBL+ ?AT ( >MIES ON CAMPAIGN4 ,WE CANNOT EXECRATE 5\< ?OSE M5 :O TEA* ! PEOPLE ?AT !Y MU/ EXECUTE ,I DON'T KN[ :AT SUP]LATIVELY IDEALI/ M&ATE ( A JU/ICE ON ! M>* T[>DS ! FUTURE4 ,!SE M5 WORK AT MA9TA9+ IDEAS ON ! /ATE ?AT PROVOK$ ALL ! BLOODY SC5ES ( #a#g#i#c1 :ILE ! NOTION ( CLASS /RUGGLE T5DS TO PURIFY ! NOTION ( VIOL5CE40 .<#a.> ,?IS IS NOT SO C]TA94 ,WE FE> ?AT ON ?IS PO9T ,M4 ,SOREL IS DELUD+ HIMSELF4 ,HE TAKES EXAMPLES FROM W> /ORIES TO %[ ?AT ! MORALITY ( W> EXCLUDE COLDLY CRUEL VIOL5CE4 ,?IS MEANS =GETT+ ?AT WAS HAS ALSO HAD ITS FANATICS & MY/ICS4 ,WE %\LD REMEMB] ,MOLTKE SALUT+ ! FALL ( ,P>IS 9 #a#g#i#c1 0RECEPTACLE ( ALL ! VISES ( ! UNIV]SE40 ,! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T WILL OBVI\SLY HAVE1 LIKE ALL ! O!RS1 ITS PROPHETS & ITS FANATICS4 

,IT REMA9S = US TO SAY A WORD AB\T ! MO/ VULG>1 ! WOR/1 ! CRUDE/ =MS 9 :I* ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPRIT G>BS ITSELF4 ,!SE >E ?OSE IT WE>S AMONG ?OSE PEOPLE :OSE SOCIAL SITUATION OR :OSE [N /UPIDITY GIVE !M ! ILLUSION ( A SUP]IOR DIGNITY1 RESPECTABILITY1 & MORALITY4 ,WE F9D H]E ! TRIBE ( HONE/ M5 9FATUAT$ ) ! ORAL POSE1 PONTIFICAT+ PHILI/9ES1 FUNCTION>IES CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 !IR VOCATION4 ,H]E ( C\RSE1 ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS EMPTI$ ( ALL ITS 9TELLECTUAL OR IDEAL CONT5T4 ,IT IS R$UC$ TO A FLAT PH>ISEEISM1 AN IDIOTIC FETI%ISM & A TABOOISM4 ,H]E TOO EXAMPLES AB\ND4 ,WE KN[ A FUNCTION>Y1 A LIKABLE Y\NG MAN & NOT GIV5 TO POS+ :5 WE MEET HIM 9 A CAFE OR AT A CLUB4 ,BUT HE VISIBLY *ANGES :5 HE GOES \T TO VISIT 9 COMPANY ) HIS WIFE & HIS DAU<T]S4 ,HE PUTS ON A SPECIAL LOOK1 :I* HE WE>S LIKE A HOLY SACRAM5T4 ,WE FEEL AS IF HE W]E GO+ TO (FICIATE AS A PRIE/ ( ! RELIGION ( ! FAMILY & ! RELIGION ( HI< SOCIETY1 ?OSE TWO RELIGIONS SACROSANCT 9 ! EYES ( C]TA9 PEOPLE4 

,!SE TWO RELIGIONS >E TABOOI/4 ,!Y R5D] TABOO C]TA9 ?+S1 C]TA9 RITES1 C]TA9 P]SONS1 C]TA9 IDEAS4 ,?US1 9 A CIVIL S]VICE (FICE M>RIAGE R5D]S Y\ TABOO4 ,A M>RI$ FUNCTION>Y1 IF HE IS CAU<T DO+ WRONG1 IS LESS SEV]ELY P5ALIZ$ ?AN ANO!R2 = EXAMPLE1 HE WON'T BE TRANSF]R$4 ,! OBS]VANCE ( ! RITES ( HI< SOCIETY ALSO R5D]S ONE TABOO4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT GRADE = A FUNCTION>Y IS A GRADE GIV5 BY SOCIETY4 ,A FUNCTION>Y :OSE DOSSI] BE>S ?IS NOTE3 0,EXCELL5T RELATIONS 9 T[N10 7:I* MEANS HE VISITS 9 ! WORLD ( ! CIVIL S]VANT7 IS TABOO4 

,! FOLL[] ( ! RELIGION ( HI< SOCIETY1 LIKE ?AT ( ! RELIGION ( ! /ATE1 IS G5]ALLY 9TOL]ANT & V9DICTIVE4 ,DON'T LAY A F+] ON HIS IDOLS4 ,DON'T ATTACK HIM1 = ?R\< HIM Y\ ATTACK MORALITY1 SOCIETY1 & O!R RESPECTABLE ?+S4 ,9 ALL SOCIAL CATEGORIES WE F9D !SE 0PILL>S ( SOCIETY10 AS ,IBS5 SAID1 !SE MORAL ,T>TUFFES3 

0,ALL ! MORE DANG]\S1 9 !IR ANG]  

,BECAUSE !Y TAKE UP AGA9/ Y\ ! >MS WE REV]E  

,& !IR PASSION1 = :I* WE >E GRATEFUL1  

,ASSASS9ATE Y\ ) SACR$ /EEL40 

,! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT1 9 ITS DIFF]5T =MS1 SPREADS ACROSS \R ]A ?AT S]I\SNESS & BOR$OM PR$ICT$ BY ,/5DHAL & PO9T$ \T BY HIM AS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( ! FUTURE B\RGEOISOCRACY4 ,USUALLY ! SECUL> PRIE/ HAS ?IS 0,G5EVA *>ACT]0 :I* ,/5DHAL SPOKE ( & :I* 0CALCULATES1 & NEV] LAU<S40 ,/5DHAL CONSOL$ HIMSELF ) ! ?\<T ?AT IF HE HAD >RIV$ FIFTY YE>S LAT] HE W\LD HAVE HAD TO LIVE 9 ! COMPANY ( SECUL> PRIE/S1 ( *UR*W>D5S ( ! PURITAN *UR*40 

,9 SUMM>Y1 WE SEE ?AT ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT HAS OCCUPI$ A L>GE PLACE OV] ! C\RSE ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 & ?AT IT /ILL HAS GREAT 9FLU5CE AT ! BEG9N+ ( \RS4 ,LAMM5AIS DEPLOR$ ! 9DIFF]5CE ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES ON QUE/IONS ( RELIGION4 ,HE WAS WRONG4 ,! N9ETE5? C5TURY WAS A C5TURY ( FAI?3 SCI5TIFIC FAI?1 SOCIAL FAI?1 MORAL FAI?4 ,!RE W]E CULTS = ALL K9DS ( ?+S3 CULT ( ! PEOPLE 7,MI*ELET1 ,QU9ET71 CULT ( ! H]O 7,C>LYLE71 CULT ( ! WOMAN1 CULT ( ! FAMILY1 CULT ( SCI5CE1 ( PROGRESS1 HUMANITY1 GREAT PR9CIPLES1 ETC444 -- ABOVE ALL CULT ( ! WORD1 :I* REMA9S ! MA/] ( ! WORLD4 

,IT'S NOT ?AT ! SPIRIT ?AT IT IS ANTI!SIS ( ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT -- ! SPIRIT ( DISBELIEF1 ( IRONY & DISRESPECT1 ! SPRIT ( SKEPTICISM & IMMORALISM -- HAS LACK$ = REPRES5TATIVES4 ,IT HAS GIV5 LIFE TO VIGOR\S1 PR(\ND1 & SUBTLE WORKS4 ,IT WAS 9C>NAT$ 9 ! ANTI-SAC]DOTAL V]VE ( A ,/IRN]1 9 ! DIATRIBES ( A ,NIETZS*E AGA9/ ! 0TRAFFICK]S ( ! IDEAL10 9 ! LUCID & DISDA9FUL IMMORALISM ( A ,/5DHAL1 9 ! SMIL+ IRONY ( AN ,ANATOLE ,FRANCE4 ,BUT ?IS SPIRIT HAS NO HOLD ON ! CR$UL\S MASS2 IT HASN'T P5ETRAT$ ! B\RGEOIS S\L OR ! POPUL> S\L1 OV] :I* ! MI<T ( ! RESPECTFUL & PONTIFICAL SPIRIT HAVE MA9TA9$ ALL !IR P[]4 ,:AT MAKES = ! =CE ( ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS ?AT IT ESCAPES FROM RIDICULE4 ,IT ESCAPES RIDICULE BECAUSE IT IS G5]ALIZ$4 ,:AT IS MORE1 IT ISN'T V]Y APP>5T2 ! SECUL> PRIE/ GOES UNNOTIC$1 HAV+ NO SPECIAL CO/UME4 ,! RAILL]Y ( ,VOLTAIRE1 SO FE>FUL TO ! PRIE/S ( HIS TIME W\LD BE DIS>M$ AGA9/ ?OSE ( \RS4 ,! SECUL> PRIE/ IS LEGION3 ?IS IS :AT R5D]S HIM 9TANGIBLE4 

,P]HAPS ?IS %\LDN'T BE REGRETT$4 ,P]HAPS ! PRIE/LY SPIRIT IS TI$ TO ! MO/ ESS5TIAL CONDITIONS ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,P]HAPS MAN IS A RELIGI\S ANIMAL1 JU/ AS HE IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ! SECUL> PRIE/LY SPIRIT GIVES NO APPE>ANCE ( DISAPPE>+4 ,IT DOESN'T LACK = BELIEV]S TO HONOR IT1 NOR PONTIFFS TO CULTIVATE IT4 

  

.<#a.> ,/IRN] REM>KS ?AT ! WORD HI]>*Y MANS SAC]DOTAL OR SACR$ ORGANIZATION4 

.<#b.> ,POPUL> ,UNIV]SITIES 

.<#c.> ,JULES DE ,GAULTI]1 ,DE ,KANT A ,NIETZS*E1 P4#a#g#h 

.<#d.> ,$\>D B]?1 ,AN>*ISME 9DIVIDUALI/E ET ,M>XISME OR?ODOXE4 ,M\VEM5T ,SOCIALI/E4 ,MAY ,DAY #aie 

.<#e.> ,L',EAU DE ,J\V5CE1 ACT ,I,I,I4 

.<#f.> ,HYPPOLITE ,TA9E1 ,LES ,PHILOSOPHES ,CLASSIQUES 5 ,FRANCE AU ,X,I,XEME SIECLE4 

.<#g.> ,MI*ELET1 ,HI/ORIE DE ,FRANCE4 

.<#h.> ,*>LES ,PEGUY1 ,DE ,LA ,SITUATION FAITE AU ,P>TI 9TELLECTUAL DANS LE ,MONDE MOD]NE1 P4 #d#h4 

.<#i.> ,SEE ,CLEM5CEAU1 ,DISC\RS P\R LA ,LIB]TE1 ,CAHI]S DE LA ,QU9ZA9E4 

.<#a.> ,GEORGES ,SOREL1 ,REFLEXIONS SUR LA ,VIOL5CE1 P4 #h#a4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,! ,SECUL> ,PRIE/LY ,SPIRIT -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#a1 #bb 3 ,! ,SECUL> ,PRIE/LY ,SPIRIT -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,SECUL> ,PRIE/LY ,SPIRIT -- ,UPDAT$4 

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