,! ,RUSSIAN ,TRAG$Y 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,WRITT53 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#a#h4 
,S\RCE3 ,SP>TACUS1 ,NO4 #a#a1 #a#i#a#h4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,D>IO ,ROMEO & ,BRIAN ,BAGG9S4 
,ONL9E ,V]SION3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7M>XI/S4ORG7 #b4 

,S9CE ! ,TREATY ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS 5T]$ 9TO A V]Y DIFFICULT PHASE4 ,! POLICY :I* HAS GUID$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS' ACTION IS OBVI\S3 PEACE AT ANY PRICE 9 ORD] TO GA9 A RESPITE1 DUR+ :I* !Y CAN EXP& & CONSOLIDATE ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,RUSSIA1 & REALIZE AS MANY SOCIALI/ RE=MS AS POSSIBLE4 ,!Y PLAN 9 ?IS WAY TO AWAIT ! \TBREAK ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT REVOLUTION & AT ! SAME TIME TO EXP$ITE IT BY ! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE4 ,S9CE ! UTT] W>-WE>9ESS ( ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES & ! SIMULTANE\S MILIT>Y DISORGANIZATION BEQUEA!D BY ,CZ>ISM APPE>$ 9 ANY CASE TO MAKE ! CONT9UATION ( ! W> A FUTILE %$D+ ( ,RUSSIAN BLOOD1 !RE WAS NO O!R WAY \T BUT TO CONCLUDE PEACE AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE4 ,?IS IS H[ ,L59 & HIS COMRADES ASSESS$ ! SITUATION4 

,!IR DECISION WAS DICTAT$ BY TWO REVOLUTION>Y VIEWPO9TS3 BY ! UN%AKABLE FAI? 9 ! ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION ( ! PROLET>IAT AS ! SOLE WAY \T & ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! WORLD W>1 & BY !IR EQUALLY UN%AKABLE RESOLVE TO DEF5D BY ANY MEANS POSSIBLE ! P[] !Y HAD GA9$ 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 ORD] TO USE IT = ! MO/ 5]GETIC & RADICAL *ANGES4 

,& YET !SE CALCULATIONS L>GELY OV]LOOK$ ! MO/ CRUCIAL FACTOR1 NAMELY ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM1 TO :I* ,RUSSIA SURR5D]$ UNCONDITIONALLY ?R\< ! SEP>ATE PEACE4 ,! ,TREATY ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK WAS 9 REALITY NO?+ BUT ! CAPITULATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT TO ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM4 ,ADMITT$LY ,L59 & HIS FRI5DS DELUD$ NEI!R !MSELVES NO O!R AB\T ! FACTS4 ,!Y C&IDLY ADMITT$ !IR CAPITULATION4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 !Y DID DECEIVE !MSELVES 9 HOP+ TO PUR*ASE A G5U9E RESPITE AT ! PRICE ( ?IS CAPITULATION1 TO 5ABLE !M TO SAVE !MSELVES FROM ! HELLFIRE ( ! WORLD W> BY MEANS ( A SEP>ATE PEACE4 ,!Y DID NOT TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! FACT ?AT ! CAPITULATION ( ,RUSSIA AT ,BRE/-,LITOVSK MEANT AN 5ORM\S /R5G!N+ ( ! IMP]IALI/ ,PAN-,G]MAN POLICY & ?US A LESS5+ ( ! *ANCES = A REVOLUTION>Y RIS+ 9 ,G]MANY4 ,NOR DID !Y SEE ?AT ?IS CAPITULATION W\LD BR+ AB\T NOT ! 5D ( ! W> AGA9/ ,G]MANY1 BUT M]ELY ! BEG9N+ ( A NEW *APT] ( ?IS W>4 

,9 FACT ! 'PEACE' ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK IS AN ILLUSION4 ,NOT = A MOM5T WAS !RE PEACE BETWE5 ,RUSSIA & ,G]MANY4 ,W> HAS CONT9U$ S9CE ,BRE/-,LITOVSK UP TO ! PRES5T TIME1 BUT ! W> IS A UNIQUE ONE1 WAG$ ONLY BY ONE SIDE3 SY/EMATIC ,G]MAN ADVANCE & TACIT ,BOL%EVIK RETREAT1 /EP BY /EP4 ,OCCUPATION ( ! ,UKRA9E1 ,F9L&1 ,LI?UANIA1 ,E/ONIA1 ! ,CRIMEA1 ! ,CAUCASUS1 L>G] & L>G] TRACTS ( ! S\!RN ,RUSSIA - ?IS IS ! RESULT ( ! '/ATE ( PEACE' S9CE ,BRE/-,LITOVSK4 

,& ?IS HAS MEANT A NUMB] ( ?+S4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! /RANGULATION ( ! REVOLUTION & ! VICTORY ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y /RON<OLDS ( ,RUSSIA4 ,= ,F9L&1 ! ,BALTIC PROV9CES1 ! ,UKRA9E1 ! ,CAUCASUS1 ! ,BLACK ,SEA REGION - ?IS IS ALL ,RUSSIA1 NAMELY ! T]RA9 ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 NO MATT] :AT ! EMPTY1 PETIT-B\RGEOIS PHRASE-MONG]S MAY BABBLE AB\T ! 'RI<T ( NATIONAL SELF-DET]M9ATION'4.<#a.> 

,SECONDLY1 ?IS MEANS ! ISOLATION ( ! ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y T]RA9 FROM ! GRA9-GR[+ & COAL-M9+ REGION & FROM ! S\RCES ( IRON-ORE & NAPH?A1 ?AT IS1 FROM ! MO/ IMPORTANT & VITAL ECONOMIC RES\RCES ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,?IRDLY1 ! 5C\RAGEM5T & /R5G!N+ ( ALL C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS )9 ,RUSSIA1 ?US 5ABL+ !M TO (F] ! /RONGE/ RESI/ANCE TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR MEASURES4 

,F\R?LY1 ,G]MANY WILL PLAY ! ROLE ( >BIT] 9 ,RUSSIA'S POLITICAL & ECONOMIC RELATION ) ALL ( ITS [N PROV9CES3 ,F9L&1 ,LI?UANIA1 ! ,UKRA9E & ! ,CAUCASUS1 AS WELL AS ) ! NEI<BORS1 = EXAMPLE ,RUMANIA4 

,! OV]ALL RESULT ( ?IS UNRE/RICT$ & UNLIMIT$ ,G]MAN P[] OV] ,RUSSIA WAS NATURALLY AN 5ORM\S /R5G!N+ ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM BO? 9T]NALLY & EXT]NALLY1 & !REBY ( C\RSE A HEI<T5+ ( ! :ITE-HOT RESI/ANCE & W>-READ9ESS ( ! ,5T5TE P[]S1 I4E4 PROLONGATION & 9T5SIFICATION ( ! WORLD W>4 ,& 9DE$ !RE IS MORE3 ,RUSSIA'S DEF5SELESSNESS1 AS REVEAL$ BY ! PROGRESSIVE ,G]MAN OCCUPATION1 MU/ NATURALLY TEMPT ! ,5T5TE & ,JAPAN TO 9/IGATE A C\NT]-ACTION ON ,RUSSIAN T]RITORY 9 ORD] TO COMBAT ,G]MANY'S HUGE PR$OM9ANCE & AT ! SAME TIME TO SATISFY !IR IMP]IALI/ APPETITES AT ! EXP5SE ( ! DEF5SELESS COLOSSUS4 ,N[ ! NOR? & EA/ ( ,EUROPEAN ,RUSSIA1 AS WELL AS ! :OLE ( ,SIB]IA1 >E CUT (F1 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS >E ISOLAT$ FROM !IR LA/ S\RCES ( ESS5TIAL SUPPLIES4 

,! 5D RESULT ( ! ,TREATY ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK IS ?US TO 5CIRCLE1 />VE \T & /RANGLE ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION FROM ALL SIDES4 

,BUT ALSO )9 ! C\NTRY1 9 ! T]RA9 ?AT ! ,G]MANS DID LEAVE TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ! P[] & ! POLICIES ( ! REVOLUTION W]E =C$ 9TO DIFFICULT /RAITS4 ,! ASSASS9ATIONS ( ,MIRBA* & ,EI*HORN.<#b.> >E A TANGIBLE RESPONSE TO ! REIGN ( T]ROR ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 TO BE SURE1 HAS ALWAYS REJECT$ T]ROR AS AN 9DIVIDUAL ACT1 BUT ONLY BECAUSE IT CONSID]$ ! MASS /RUGGLE TO BE ! MORE EFFECTIVE ME?OD1 NOT BECAUSE IT PREF]R$ TO TOL]ATE PASSIVELY REACTION>Y DESPOTISM4 ,IT IS ( C\RSE ONLY ONE ( ! ,W4,T4,B'S .<,WOLFF'S ,TELEGRAPHIC ,BUREAU'S.> MANY FALSIFICATIONS ?AT SAYS ! ,LEFT-W+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES C>RI$ \T !SE ASSASS9ATIONS AT ! 9/IGATION OR ON ! ORD]S ( ! ,5T5TE4 ,!SE ASSASS9ATIONS W]E 9T5D$ EI!R AS A SIGNAL = A MASS UPRIS+ AGA9/ ,G]MAN RULE OR !Y W]E ONLY IMPULSIVE ACTS ( REV5GE BORN ( DESPAIR & HATR$ ( ! BLOODY ,G]MAN RULE4 ,H[EV]1 :ATEV] !IR 9T5TION1 !Y GRAVELY 5DANG]$ ! CAUSE ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA BY CREAT+ DIVISIONS )9 ! HI!RTO RUL+ SOCIALI/ GR\PS4 ,!Y DROVE A W$GE BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,LEFT-W+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES2 9DE$1 !Y CREAT$ AN ABYSS & A MORTAL 5MITY BETWE5 ! TWO W+S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y >MY4 .<#c.> 

,ADMITT$LY ! SOCIAL DIFF]5CES - ! ANTI!SIS BETWE5 ! PROP]TY-[N+ PEASANTRY & ! PEASANT-PROLET>IAT & O!RS - W\LD SOON] OR LAT] HAVE CREAT$ A SPLIT BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ! ,LEFT-W+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,UNTIL ! ,MIRBA* ASSASS9ATION1 H[EV]1 EV5TS DID NOT APPE> TO HAVE PROGRESS$ SO F>4 ,9 ANY CASE1 IT IS A FACT ?AT ! ,LEFT-W+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES L5T !IR SUPPORT TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION ?AT BR\<T ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO ! HELM1 ! BREAK+ UP ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS' RE=M UNTIL N[1 W\LD HAVE H>DLY BE5 POSSIBLE )\T ! COOP]ATION ( ! ,LEFT-W+ ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,ONLY ,BRE/-,LITOVSK & ITS AFT]EFFECTS DROVE ! W$GE BETWE5 ! TWO W+S4 ,N[ ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM APPE>S AS ! >BIT] BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR REVOLUTION>Y ALLIES ( YE/]DAY1 JU/ AS IT IS ! >BIT] ( !IR 7! ,BOL%EVIKS'7 RELATIONS ) ! ,RUSSIAN BORD] PROV9CES & !IR NEI<BOR+ /ATES4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS1 ! RESI/ANCE TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS' RULE & RE=M MEASURES1 HUGE 9 ANY CASE1 WILL 9CREASE4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ! BASIS UPON :I* !IR RULE RE/S HAS BE5 SIGNIFICANTLY DIM9I%$4 ,PROBABLY ?IS 9T]NAL FALL+-\T & DIVISION ( ! HET]OG5E\S ELEM5TS ( ! REVOLUTION WAS 9EVITABLE1 JU/ AS IT IS 9EVITABLE 9 ! PROGRESSIVE RADICALIZATION ( EV]Y DEVELOP+ REVOLUTION4 ,N[1 H[EV]1 A CONTROV]SY OV] ! BRUTAL ,G]MAN MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP AS 9 FACT 5T]$ 9TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM IS ! ?ORN 9 ! FLE% ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,YET ?IS IS NOT ! FULL EXT5T ( ! DANG]6 ,! IRON CIRCLE ( ! WORLD W>1 :I* SEEM$ TO HAVE BE5 BROK5 9 ! EA/1 IS ONCE AGA9 REL5TLESSLY 5COMPASS+ ! :OLE WORLD3 ! ,5T5TE IS ADVANC+ ) ,CZE* & ,JAPANESE TROOPS FROM ! NOR? & EA/ AS A NATURAL1 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ,G]MANY'S (F5SIVE FROM ! WE/ & S\?4 ,! FLAMES ( ! WORLD W> >E LEAP+ ACROSS ,RUSSIAN SOIL & AT ANY MOM5T MAY 5GULF ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,TO )DRAW FROM ! WORLD W> - EV5 AT ! PRICE ( ! GREATE/ SACRIFICES - IS SOME?+ :I*1 AT ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 IT IS SIMPLY IMPOSSIBLE = ,RUSSIA TO DO4 

,& N[ ! MO/ T]RIBLE PROSPECT LOOMS AHEAD ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ! F9AL /AGE ( !IR PA? & ?ORNS - AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,G]MANY6 ,?IS1 TO BE SURE1 W\LD =GE ! F9AL L9K 9 ?AT DISA/R\S *A9 :I* ! WORLD W> HAS HUNG >\ND ! NECK ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION3 FIR/ RETREAT1 !N CAPITULATION & F9ALLY AN ALLIANCE ) ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W\LD BE DRAGG$ BY ! WORLD W>1 FROM :I* IT S\<T TO )DRAW AT ANY PRICE1 OV] TO ! OPPOSITE CAMP - FROM ! SIDE ( ! ,5T5TE :ILE UND] ! ,CZ> TO ,G]MAN SIDE UND] ! ,BOL%EVIKS4.<#d.> 

,IT IS TO ! EV]LA/+ CR$IT ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT ?AT ITS FIR/ GE/URE FOLL[+ ! \TBREAK ( ! REVOLUTION WAS A REFUSAL TO CONT9UE TO FI<T AS A LEVIES ( ,FRANCO-,5GLI% IMP]IALISM4 ,9 VIEW ( ! 9T]NATIONAL SITUATION1 H[EV]1 TO R5D] MILIT>Y S]VICE TO ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM IS EV5 WORSE4 

,TROTSKY IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE SAID ?AT IF ,RUSSIA HAD TO *OOSE BETWE5 ,JAPANESE & ,G]MAN OCCUPATION1 %E W\LD *OOSE ! LATT]1 S9CE ,G]MANY WAS F> MORE RIPE FROM REVOLUTION ?AN ,JAPAN4 ,! AGONIZ+ ASPECT ( ?IS SPECULATION IS OBVI\S4 ,= ,JAPAN IS NOT ,G]MANY'S ONLY OPPON5T2 SO1 TOO1 >E ,5GL& & ,FRANCE1 & ( !SE NO ONE IS ABLE TO SAY :E!R OR NOT !IR 9T]NAL SITUATIONS >E MORE FAVORABLE ?AN ,G]MANY'S TO ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 

,TROTSKY'S REASON+ IS COMPLETELY WRONG1 H[EV]1 S9CE ! PROSPECTS & POSSIBILITIES ( A REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY >E DIMM$ EA* TIME ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM IS /R5G!N$ OR GA9S A VICTORY4 

,BUT !N O!R CONSID]ATIONS1 QUITE DIFF]5T FROM !SE APP>5TLY REALI/IC ONES1 MU/ BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT4 ,AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM W\LD BE ! MO/ T]RIBLE MORAL BL[ ?AT C\LD BE DELIV]$ AGA9/ 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM4 ,RUSSIA WAS ! ONE LA/ CORN] :]E REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM1 PURITY ( PR9CIPLE & IDEALS1 /ILL HELD AWAY4 ,IT WAS A PLACE TO :I* ALL S9C]E SOCIALI/ ELEM5TS 9 ,G]MANY & ,EUROPE C\LD LOOK 9 ORD] TO F9D RELIEF FROM ! DISGU/ !Y FELT AT ! PRACTICE ( ! ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN LABOR MOVEM5T1 9 ORD] TO >M !MSELVES ) ! C\RAGE TO P]SEV]E & 9 FAI? 9 PURE ACTIONS & SACR$ WORDS4 ,! GROTESQUE 'C\PL+' ( ,L59 & ,H9D5BURG W\LD EXT+UI% ! S\RCE ( MORAL LI<T 9 ! EA/4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! ,G]MAN RUL]S >E HOLD+ A GUN TO ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T'S HEAD & >E EXPLOIT+ ITS DESP]ATE SITUATION 9 ORD] TO =CE ?IS MON/R\S ALLIANCE UPON IT4 ,BUT WE HOPE ?AT ,L59 & HIS FRI5DS DO NOT SURR5D] AT ANY PRICE & ?AT !Y ANSW] ?IS UNREASONABLE DEM& ) A CATEGORICAL3 ',?IS F> BUT NO FUR!R6' 

,A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION SUPPORT$ BY ,G]MAN BAYONETS1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT UND] ! PATRONAGE ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM - ?IS W\LD BE ! MO/ MON/R\S EV5T ?AT WE C\LD HOPE TO WITNESS4 ,& :AT IS MORE1 IT W\LD BE PURE UTOPIANISM4 ,QUITE AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT ! MORAL PRE/IGE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS W\LD BE DE/ROY$ 9 ! C\NTRY1 !Y W\LD LOSE ALL FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T & 9DEP5D5CE EV5 9 DOME/IC POLICY1 & )9 A V]Y %ORT TIME W\LD DISAPPE> FROM ! SC5E ALTOGE!R4 ,ANY *ILD CAN SEE ?AT ,G]MANY IS ONLY WAIT+ = AN OPPORTUNITY ( COMB9+ ) A ,MILYUKOV1 A ,HETMAN OR ,GOD KN[S :AT O!R OBSCURE G5TLEMAN & POLITICAL DABBL]S1 TO PUT AN 5D TO ! ,BOL%EVIK SPL5DOR4 ,!Y AWAIT M]ELY AN OPPORTUNITY = CA/+ ,L59 & COMRADES 7AS !Y CA/ ! ,UKRA9IANS1 ! ,LYB9SKYS & ! RE/7 9 ! ROLE ( ,TROJAN HORSE1 A ROLE :I*1 :5 PLAY$ \T1 MEANS SUICIDE = ! ACTORS4 

,IF ?IS W]E TO BE HAPP51 ALL ! SACRIFICES UNTIL N[1 9CLUD+ ! GREAT SACRIFICE ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK1 W\LD HAVE BE5 TOTALLY 9 VA91 = ! PRICE ( ! SACRIFICE W\LD ULTIMATELY BE MORAL BANKRUPTCY4 ,ANY POLITICAL DE/RUCTION ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 A HONE/ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! OV]:ELM+ =CES & HO/ILE PRESSURES ( ! HI/ORICAL SITUATION W\LD BE PREF]ABLE TO ! MORAL DE/RUCTION4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE C]TA9LY MADE A NUMB] ( MI/AKES 9 !IR POLICIES & >E P]HAPS /ILL MAK+ !M - BUT :]E IS ! REVOLUTION 9 :I* NO MI/AKES HAVE BE5 MADE6 ,! NOTION ( A REVOLUTION>Y POLICY )\T MI/AKES1 & MOREOV]1 9 A TOTALLY UNPREC$5T$ SITUATION1 IS SO ABSURD ?AT IT IS WOR?Y ONLY ( A ,G]MAN S*OOLMA/]4 ,IF ! SO-CALL$ LEAD]S ( ,G]MAN SOCIALISM LOSE !IR SO-CALL$ HEADS 9 SU* AN UNUSUAL SITUATION AS A VOTE 9 ! ,REI*/AG1 & IF !IR HE>TS S9K 9TO !IR BOOTS & !Y =GET ALL ! SOCIALISM !Y EV] LE>N$ 9 SITUATION 9 :I* ! SIMPLE ,A,B,C ( SOCIALISM CLE>LY PO9T$ ! WAY - C\LD ONE EXPECT A P>TY CAU<T UP 9 A TRULY ?ORNY SITUATION1 9 :I* IT W\LD %[ ! WORLD NEW WOND]S1 NOT TO MAKE MI/AKES8 

,! AWKW>D POSITION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS >E 9 TODAY1 H[EV]1 IS1 TOGE!R ) MO/ ( !IR MI/AKES1 A CONSEQU5CE ( BASIC 9SOLUBILITY ( ! PROBLEM POS$ TO !M BY ! 9T]NATIONAL1 ABOVE ALL ! ,G]MAN1 PROLET>IAT4 ,TO C>RY \T ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT & A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION 9 A S+LE C\NTRY SURR\ND$ BY REACTION>Y IMP]IALI/ RULE & 9 ! FURY ( ! BLOODIE/ WORLD W> 9 HUMAN HI/ORY - ?AT IS SQU>+ ! CIRCLE4 ,ANY SOCIALI/ P>TY W\LD HAVE TO FAIL 9 ?IS TASK & P]I% - :E!R OR NOT IT MADE SELF-R5UNCIATION ! GUID+ /> ( ITS POLICIES4 

,WE W\LD LIKE TO SEE ! SP9ELESS JELLY-FI%1 ! MOAN]S1 ! ,AXELRODS1 ,DANS1 ,GRIGORYANZ .<#e.> OR :ATEV] !IR NAME >E1 :O1 M\?S FRO?+1 S+ !IR PLA9TIVE SONG AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 =EIGN L&S4 ,& - JU/ LOOK6 - !Y HAVE F\ND A SYMPA!TIC E> 9 SU* H]OES AS ,/R,OBEL1 ,B]N/E9 & ,KAUTSKY2 WE W\LD LIKE TO SEE !SE ,G]MANS 9 ! ,BOL%EVIKS' PLACE6 ,ALL !IR SUP]IOR UND]/&+ W\LD RAPIDLY EXHAU/ ITSELF 9 AN ALLIANCE ) ! ,MILYUKOVS 9 DOME/IC POLICY & ) ! ,5T5TE 9 =EIGN POLICY2 TO ?IS W\LD BE ADD$ A CONSCI\S R5UNCIATION ( ALL SOCIALI/ RE=MS1 OR EV5 ( ANY MOVE 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 9 DOME/IC POLICY - ALL ?IS DUE TO ! CONSCI\S EUNU* WISDOM ?AT SAYS ,RUSSIA IS AN AGRICULTURAL C\NTRY & ,RUSSIAN CAPITALISM IS NOT ADEQUATELY COOK$4 

,SU* IS ! FALSE LOGIC ( ! OBJECTIVE SITUATION3 ANY SOCIALI/ P>TY ?AT CAME TO P[] 9 ,RUSSIA TODAY MU/ PURSUE ! WRONG TACTICS SO LONG AS IT1 AS P>T ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAN >MY1 IS LEFT 9 ! LUR* BY ! MA9 BODY ( ?IS >MY4 

,! BLAME ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS' FAILURES IS BORNE 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS BY ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT & ABOVE ALL BY ! UNPREC$5T$ & P]SI/5T BAS5ESS ( ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,?IS P>TY :I* 9 PEACE-TIME PRET5D$ TO M>* AT ! HEAD ( ! WORLD PROLET>IAT1 :I* PRESUM$ TO ADVISE & LEAD ! :OLE WORLD1 :I* 9 ITS [N C\NTRY C\NT$ AT LEA/ T5 MILLION SUPPORT]S ( BO? SEXES - ?IS IS ! P>TY :I* HAS NAIL$ SOCIALISM TO ! CROSS TW5TY-F\R H\RS A DAY = ! F\R YE>S AT ! BIDD+ ( ! RUL+ CLASS LIKE V5AL M]C5>IES ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 

,! NEWS N[ >RIV+ FROM ,RUSSIA AB\T ! SITUATION ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS IS A MOV+ APPEAL TO :AT VE/IGES ( HONOR REMA9 9 ! MASSES ( ,G]MAN WORK]S & SOLDI]S4 ,!Y HAVE COLD-BLOOD$LY LEFT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO BE TORN TO PIECES1 5CIRCL$ & />VE \T4 ,LET !M N[ 9T]V5E1 EV5 AT ! ELEV5? H\R1 TO SAVE ! REVOLUTION FROM ! MO/ T]RIBLE FATE3 FROM MORAL SUICIDE1 FROM AN ALLIANCE ) ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM4 

,!RE IS ONLY ONE SOLUTION TO ! TRAG$Y 9 :I* ,RUSSIA 9 CAU<T UP3 AN UPRIS+ AT ! RE> ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM1 ! ,G]MAN MASS RIS+1 :I* CAN SIGNAL ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION TO PUT AN 5D TO ?IS G5OCIDE4 ,AT ?IS FATEFUL MOM5T1 PRES]V+ ! HONOR ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS ID5TICAL ) V9DICAT+ ?AT ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT & ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/S4 

,FOOTNOTES 

.<#a.> ,MO/ LIKELY A REF]5CE TO ,L591 :O REPEAT$LY /RESS$ ! NE$ ( SELF-DET]M9ATION = ! NATIONAL M9ORITIES ( ,RUSSIA2 :ILE 9 (FICE ,L59 CONV9C$ ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T TO GIVE ! NATIONAL M9ORITY REGIONS ( ,RUSSIA SU* AS ,F9L&1 ,UKRA9E1 ,BEL>USSIA1 ! ,CAUCASSUSIAN /ATES1 ! ,BALTIC /ATES & O!RS ! RI<T TO SEC$E FROM ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,SOVIET POLICY ( SELF-DET]M9ATION = NATIONAL M9ORITIES WAS *ANG$ SOMETIME AFT] ,L59 LEFT (FICE4 

.<#b.> ,FIELD-,M>%AL VON ,EI*HORN1 COMM&] ( ! ,G]MAN =CES 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 & ,C\NT ,M>BA*-,H>FF1 ,G]MAN AMBASSADOR1 W]E ASSASS9AT$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y P>TY 9 ,JULY #aiah 9 AN ATTEMPT TO R5EW ! W> ) ,G]MANY4 

.<#c.> ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WRITES ?IS SOON AFT] ! HO/ILITIES & BREAK BETWE5 ! TWO P>TIES4 ,SOME MON?S LAT] ! ,LEFT-,S,R P>TY DISSOLV$1 ) MO/ MEMB]S REJO9+ ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 

.<#d.> ,?IS WAS POPUL> SPECULATION1 BEG9N+ ) ! SEAL$ TRA9 ?AT C>RI$ ,L591 ALONG ) #ca O!R ,SOCIALI/S SPANN+ ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM1 ?R\< ,G]MANY TO ,F9L& 7,RUSSIA71 DUR+ ,W,W,I4 ,NO K9D ( ALLIANCE WAS E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ,G]MANY4 ,AFT] ! ,5T5TE'S MILIT>Y FAILURE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! OPPOSITE BEGAN3 ! ,5T5TE P[]S SID$ ) ,G]MANY AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 & UNTIL #aici ALL[$ ,G]MAN MILIT>ISM TO RAPE SMALL NATIONS UNH9D]$1 ASSUR$ ?AT ! ,G]MAN >MIES W\LD M>* /RAI<T TO ,MOSC[4 

.<#e.> ,LEAD+ ,M5%EVIK CRITICS ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,TRAG$Y -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,TRAG$Y -- ,UPDAT$4 

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