,P>T #b - ,*APT] #bg 
,! ,AGR>IAN ,COMMUNES2 ,!IR ,ORGANIZATION2 ,!IR ,5EMIES 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,FEBRU>Y -- ,M>*1 #a#i#a#h4 ,! MOM5T HAD COME TO DI/RIBUTE ! LIVE/OCK & IMPLEM5TS :I* HAD BE5 SEIZ$ FROM ! POME%*IKS 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aiag & TO ORGANIZE AGR>IAN COMMUNES ON ! =M] E/ATES4 ,ALL ! TOIL]S ( ! RAION UND]/OOD ! IMPORTANCE ( DECISIVE ACTION AT ?IS MOM5T1 BO? = ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW LIFE1 & = ITS DEF5SE4 ,UND] ! DIRECTION ( ! ,REVKOM1 EX-SOLDI]S FROM ! ,FRONT BEGAN MOV+ ALL ! IMPLEM5TS & LIVE/OCK FROM ! E/ATES ( ! POME%*IKS & L>GE F>MS TO A C5TRAL HOLD+ >EA4 ,!IR =M] [N]S W]E LEFT ) TWO PAIRS ( HORSES1 ONE OR TWO C[S 7DEP5D+ ON ! SIZE ( ! FAMILY71 ONE PL[1 ONE SE$+ MA*9E1 ONE M[]1 ONE W9N[+ MA*9E1 ETC4 ,MEAN:ILE ! PEASANTS W5T TO ! FIELDS TO F9I% ! DIVISION ( ! L& BEGUN 9 ! FALL4 ,AT ! SAME TIME SOME PEASANTS & WORK]S1 PREVI\SLY ORGANIZ$ 9TO AGR>IAN COMMUNES1 LEFT !IR VILLAGES &1 ) !IR :OLE FAMILIES1 TOOK POSSESSION ( ! =M] PROP]TIES ( ! POME%*IKS4 ,9 DO+ SO1 !Y PAID NO ATT5TION TO ! FACT ?AT ! ,R$ ,GU>D UNITS ( ! ,LEFT ,BLOC1 AFT] ! AGREEM5T ) ! EMP]ORS ( ,AU/RIA & ,G]MANY1 HAD EVACUAT$ ,UKRA9E4 ,! REMA9+ REVOLUTION>Y MILIT>Y =MATIONS C\LD (F] ONLY TOK5 RESI/ANCE TO ! REGUL> ,G]MAN & ,AU/RIAN TROOPS :O W]E SUPPORT$ BY ! >M$ B&S ( ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 

,ONCE ! COMMUNES W]E SET UP1 !IR MEMB]S1 )\T LOS+ ANY TIME1 BEGAN TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES3 SOME W]E EMPLOY$ 9 ! NORMAL SPR+TIME AGRICULTURAL WORK1 :ILE O!RS =M$ COMBAT GR\PS TO DEF5D ! ,REVOLUTION & ITS CONQUE/S4 ,! SAME ?+ HAPP5$ 9 O!R RAIONS1 SETT+ AN EXAMPLE = ! :OLE C\NTRY4 

,! MAJORITY ( ! AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES W]E COMPOS$ ( PEASANTS2 A M9ORITY W]E A MIXTURE ( PEASANTS & WORK]S4 ,!IR ORGANIZATION WAS BAS$ ON EQUALITY & ! SOLID>ITY4 ,ALL MEMB]S ( !SE COMMUNES -- BO? M5 & WOM5 -- BR\<T A V]Y POSITIVE ATTITUDE TO !IR WORK1 :E!R IT WAS 9 ! FIELD OR DOME/IC WORK4 

,! COMMUNES HAD COMMON KIT*5S & D9+ HALLS4 ,BUT ! WI% ( ANY MEMB]S TO PREP>E !IR [N FOOD = !IR FAMILIES1 OR TO PREP>E FOOD 9 ! COMMUNAL KIT*5 & !N C>RY IT HOME1 NEV] MET ) ANY OBJECTION FROM ! O!R MEMB]S4 ,EA* MEMB]1 OR EV5 A :OLE GR\P1 C\LD ORGANIZE !IR FE$+ ANY WAY !Y WI%$1 ON CONDITION1 H[EV]1 ?AT !Y GIVE ADVANCE NOTICE TO ! O!R MEMB]S SO ! APPROPRIATE DISPOSITIONS C\LD BE MADE 9 ! COMMUNAL KIT*5 & PANTRY4 

,! MEMB]S ( A COMMUNE W]E ALSO REQUIR$ TO GET UP E>LY TO T5D TO ! CATTLE & HORSES & TAKE C>E ( O!R DOME/IC *ORES4 

,MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNE HAD ! RI<T TO ABS5T !MSELVES1 BUT !Y W]E REQUIR$ TO ADVISE !IR WORK P>TN] 9 ADVANCE SO A REPLACEM5T C\LD BE F\ND4 ,?IS APPLI$ TO NORMAL WORK DAYS4 ,ON DAYS ( RE/ 7,SUNDAYS7 MEMB]S TOOK TURNS GO+ ON EXCURSIONS4 

,! PROGRAM ( WORK ( ! :OLE COMMUNE WAS WORK$ \T DUR+ MEET+S ( ALL ! MEMB]S4 ,EA* ( ! MEMB]S KNEW EXACTLY :AT WAS EXPECT$ FROM !M4 

,ONLY ! QUE/ION ( S*OOLS REMA9$ OP51 BECAUSE ! COMMUNES DID NOT WANT TO REE/ABLI% S*OOLS ( ! =M] TYPE2 AMONG ! NEW S*OOLS ! FIR/ *OICE WAS ! AN>*I/ MODEL ( ,F4 ,F]R] :I* WAS WELL KN[N TO ! COMMUNES BECAUSE ( ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P :I* DI/RIBUT$ BRO*URES ON ! SUBJECT4 ,BUT PEOPLE TRA9$ 9 ! ME?ODS ( ?IS S*OOL W]E LACK+ & ! COMMUNES TRI$ TO RECRUIT !M FROM ! CITIES1 ?R\< ! 9T]M$I>Y ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P4 ,IF ?IS PROV$ IMPOSSIBLE1 IT WAS DECID$1 AT LEA/ = ! FIR/ YE>1 TO GET PEOPLE :O W]E SIMPLY ABLE TO TEA* ! S*OOL SUBJECTS4 

,!RE EXI/$ )9 A SEV5 OR EI<T KILOMET] RADIUS FROM ,GULYAI-,POLE F\R ( !SE COMMUNES4 ,!RE W]E MANY O!RS 9 ! RAION4 ,IF ,I DWELL ON !SE F\R1 IT IS BECAUSE ,I ORGANIZ$ !M P]SONALLY4 ,!IR FIR/ 9ITIATIVE TOOK PLACE UND] MY SUP]VISION1 & ALL ! IMPORTANT QUE/IONS W]E ALWAYS SUBMITT$ TO ME = ADVICE4 

,AS A MEMB] ( ONE ( !SE COMMUNES1 PROBABLY ! L>GE/ ONE1 ,I HELP$ \T TWO DAYS A WEEK 9 ALL FACETS ( ! OP]ATION3 9 ! SPR+TIME 9 ! FIELDS BEH9D ! BUKK] OR ! SE$+ MA*9E2 BE=E & AFT] ! SE$+ ,I DID O!R TYPES ( F>M WORK OR HELP$ ! ME*ANIC AT ! ELECTRIC /ATION4 

,! REMA9+ F\R DAYS ( ! WEEK ,I WORK$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE1 9 ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P OR ! RAION ,REVKOM4 ,?IS WORK REGIME WAS EXPECT$ ( ME BY ! ,GR\P & ALL ! COMMUNES & LA/$ UNTIL ! DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION REQUIR$ ! MOBILIZ+ ( ALL AVAILABLE =CES4 ,=1 ADVANC+ FROM ! WE/ WAS ! ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 9 ! =M ( ! ,G]MAN & ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN IMP]IAL >MIES & ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 

,9 ALL ! COMMUNES !RE W]E PEASANT AN>*I/S1 BUT ! MAJORITY ( !IR MEMB]S W]E NOT AN>*I/S4 ,H[EV] ! 9T]NAL LIFE ( ! COMMUNE WAS A MODEL ( AN>*I/ SOLID>ITY4 ,9 TODAY'S WORLD1 ONLY ! SIMPLE NATURES ( TOIL]S NOT YET AFFECT$ BY ! POISON\S ATMOSPH]E ( ! CITIES >E CAPABLE ( SU* SPONTANE\S SOLID>ITY4 ,! CITIES ALWAYS EMANATE AN ODOR ( LIES & BETRAYAL :I* 9FECT EV5 MANY SO-CALL$ AN>*I/S4 

,EA* COMMUNE WAS COMPOS$ ( A DOZ5 FAMILIES ( PEASANTS & WORK]S1 REA*+ A SIZE ( #a1 #b1 OR EV5 #c MEMB]S4 ,EA* COMMUNE RECEIV$ FROM =M] E/ATES ( POME%E*IKS1 BY ! DECISION ( ! ,RAION ,CONGRESS ( ,L& ,COMMITTEES1 A QUANTITY ( L& :I* IT W\LD BE ABLE TO F>M ) ITS [N LABOR4 ,MOREOV]1 ! COMMUNES RECEIV$ ! LIVE/OCK & MA*9]Y :I* W]E ALREADY ON ! PROP]TY4 

,& ! FREE TOIL]S ( ! COMMUNES SET TO WORK1 S++ HAPPY SONGS AS !Y DID SO4 ,!IR SONGS REFLECT$ ! SPIRIT ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! SPIRIT ( ?OSE W>RIORS :O PROPAGAT$ REVOLUTION = MANY YE>S & HAD P]I%$ OR REMA9$ ALIVE & IMPLACABLE 9 ! /RUGGLE = 0HI<] JU/ICE0 :I* MU/ TRIUMPH OV] 9JU/ICE1 A /RUGGLE :I* MU/ 9T5SIFY & BECOME A BEACON = ALL HUMANITY4 

,! TOIL]S S[$ ! FIELDS & WORK$ 9 ! VEGETABLE G>D5S1 FULL ( CONFID5CE 9 !MSELVES & 9 !IR /RONG RESOLUTION TO NOT ALL[ ! =M] PROPRIETORS TO RECOV] L&S :I* !Y HAD NEV] WORK$ ) !IR [N H&S1 L&S :I* ! PROPRIETORS HAD POSSESS$ BY ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,/ATE & :I* !Y W]E ATTEMPT+ TO SEIZE AGA94 

,! 9HABITANTS ( ! VILLAGES & HAMLETS ADJAC5T TO !SE COMMUNES (T5 HAD A L[] LEVEL ( POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS & W]E NOT YET COMPLETELY LIB]AT$ FROM SUCK+ UP TO ! 0KULAKS04 ,!SE PEOPLE 5VI$ ! COMMUN>DS & FREQU5TLY EXPRESS$ ! DESIRE TO CONFISCATE ! LIVE/OCK & MA*9]Y LEFT BY ! POME%*IKS & DIVIDE !M UP AMONG !MSELVES4 

0,! COMMUN>DS C\LD ALWAYS BUY !M BACK FROM US LAT]1 IF !Y WANT TO10 !Y SAID4 ,BUT ?IS ATTITUDE WAS SEV]ELY CONDEMN$ BY A VA/ MAJORITY ( ! TOIL]S AT CONGRESSES & O!R MEET+S4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! LABOR+ POPULATION SAW ! ORGANIZ+ ( AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES AS ! HEAL?Y BEG9N+ ( A NEW SOCIAL LIFE :I*1 AS ! ,REVOLUTION APPROA*$ ! CULM9ATION ( ITS CREATIVE PHASE1 W\LD GR[ & DEVELOP & /IMULATE SIMIL> PH5OM5A ?R\<\T ! :OLE C\NTRY1 OR AT LEA/ 9 ALL ! VILLAGES & HAMLETS ( ! RAION4 

,! /RUCTURE ( ! FREE COMMUNES WAS CONSID]$ BY ! TOIL]S AS ! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( A JU/ SOCIETY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 MO/ ( ! TOIL]S DECID$ NOT TO JO9 COMMUNES AT ?AT TIME BECAUSE ( ! APPROA* ( ,G]MAN-,AU/RIAN TROOPS1 !IR [N LACK ( ORGANIZATION1 & !IR 9ABILITY TO DEF5D ! NEW SY/EM AGA9/ BO? 0REVOLUTION>Y0 & C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y AU?ORITIES4 

,?AT'S :Y ! REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S ( ! RAION CONT5T$ !MSELVES ) TRY+ TO SUPPORT 9 EV]Y WAY ?OSE AMONG !M -- ! BOLDE/ ONES -- :O HAD ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO FREE AGR>IAN COMMUNES ON ! =M] PROP]TIES ( ! POME%*IKS & W]E LEAD+ AN 9DEP5D5T LIFE !RE ON NEW SOCIAL BASES4 

,A C]TA9 NUMB] ( ! POME%*IKS & KULAKS1 AS WELL AS SOME ( ! ,G]MAN COLONI/S1 REALIZ$ ?AT ONE WAY OR ANO!R !Y C\LD NOT CONT9UE AS [N]S ( ?\S&S ( DESSYAT9S ( L&1 EXPLOIT+ ! WORK ( O!RS4 ,)\T HESITAT+ ANY LONG]1 !Y SID$ ) ! ,REVOLUTION & ORGANIZ$ !IR LIVES ON A NEW BASIS1 I4E4 )\T US+ BATRAK LABOR & )\T 5JOY+ ! RI<T TO R5T \T !IR L&4 

,H[EV]1 AT ! MOM5T :5 ! OPPRESS$ W]E SEIZ$ ) JOY EV]Y:]E ON LIB]AT$ SOIL2 :5 ! TOIL]S1 OPPRESS$ & DEGRAD$ BY POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 & SOCIAL 9EQUALITY1 BEGAN TO BE CONSCI\S ( !IR [N SLAV]Y & S\<T TO BE RID ( ?IS DISGRACE ONCE & = ALL2 :5 IT SEEM$ ?AT ?IS LIB]ATION WAS ON ! PO9T ( BE+ ACCOMPLI%$1 = ! TOIL]S HAD ALREADY BECOME ! DIRECT EXPON5TS ( ?IS CONCEPT2 :5 ! IDEAS ( FRE$OM1 EQUALITY1 & SOLID>ITY AMONG ! PEOPLE BEGAN GRADUALLY TO P]MEATE !IR LIVES & SIMULTANE\SLY /IFLE ANY POSSIBILITY ( ! REBIR? ( A NEW SLAV]Y2 -- AT ?IS MOM5T1 ! M\?PIECES ( ! RUL+ ,LEFT ,BLOC1 GUID$ BY ! CRAFTY ,L591 FURI\SLY P$DL$ ! NOTION ?AT ,L59'S GOV]NM5T CONTROLL$ ! ,REVOLUTION & ?AT EV]YONE MU/ SUBMIT TO ?IS GOV]NM5T AS ! ONLY REPOSITORY ( ! PEOPLE'S SECUL> DESIRES -- FRE$OM1 EQUALITY1 & FREE LABOR4 

,! URGE TO DOM9ATE ! PEOPLE & !IR ?\<TS1 & ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION :I* !Y HAD CREAT$1 SO BEFUDDL$ ! /ATE SOCIALI/S ?AT !Y =GOT = ! MOM5T !IR FUNDAM5TAL DIV]G5CES ON ! ,PEACE ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK1 A PEACE CONCLUD$ ) ! ,G]MAN & ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN 0CZ>S0 :I* WAS REG>D$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y POPULATION ) HO/ILITY4 ,?IS FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM1 ) ITS /ORMY DISCUSSIONS1 ! /ATE SOCIALI/S NEGLECT$ = ! MOM5T4 ,N[ ANO!R ?ORNY PROBLEM HAD RIS5 UP BE=E !M4 ,H[1 :ILE REMA9+ ! ORIG9ATORS & LEAD]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ! EYES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES1 C\LD !Y MANAGE TO DI/ORT ! V]Y ESS5CE ( ! CONCEPT ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION )\T BE+ DE/ROY$ :5 !IR SECRET 9T5TIONS W]E EXPOS$8 ,!IR 9T5TIONS W]E TO DIV]T ! ,REVOLUTION FROM ! PA? ( AUTONOM\S1 CREATIVE ACTION & SUBJECT IT 5TIRELY TO ! /ATI/ DOCTR9ES FOLL[+ FROM ! RESOLUTIONS & DIRECTIVES ( ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE & ! GOV]NM5T4 

,IT WAS QUITE OBVI\S ?AT )9 ! FRAMEWORK 5VISAG$ BY ! ,LEFT ,BLOC = ! ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION !RE WAS NO PLACE EI!R = AUTONOM\S AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES OR >TELS1 ORGANIZ$ FREELY ON CONQU]$ T]RITORY )\T ! APPROVAL ( ! GOV]NM5T2 OR = ! DIRECT1 9DEP5D5T TAKE-OV] BY ! WORK]S ( FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS1 PR9T+ PLANTS1 & O!R PUBLIC 5T]PRISES4 

,! DIRECT ACTIONS ( ! TOIL]S DUR+ ! ,GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION CLE>LY REFLECT$ !IR AN>*I/ T5D5CIES4 ,& IT WAS !SE T5D5CIES :I* AL>M$ ! /ATE SOCIALI/S ( ! ,LEFT ! MO/1 BECAUSE ! TOIL]S ( ! CITIES & VILLAGES W]E PULL+ !MSELVES TOGE!R & PREP>+ TO LAUN* AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :I* W\LD ATTACK ! V]Y IDEA ( ! ,/ATE1 9 ORD] TO RECOV] ! ,/ATE'S *IEF FUNCTIONS & TURN !M OV] TO !IR [N LOCAL AUTONOM\S ORGANS4 

,BY !IR DIRECT REVOLUTION>Y ACTS1 ! TOIL]S %[$ GREAT D>+ 9 !IR QUE/ = SELF-LIB]ATION4 ,EV5 IF !Y W]E IMP]FECTLY ORGANIZ$1 AT LEA/ !Y ACT$ T5ACI\SLY4 

,IF ! TOIL]S ( ! CITIES & VILLAGES HAD RECEIV$ EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL ASSI/ANCE FROM REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S1 !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO A*IEVE !IR ASPIRATIONS & W\LD DRAWN ALL ! ACTIVE =CES ( ! ,REVOLUTION TO !IR SIDE4 ,& ?IS W\LD HAVE PUT AN 5D TO ! IRRESPONSIBLE & 9COH]5T ACTIONS ( ! NEW SOCIALI/ RUL]S :O1 ) ,L591 ,U/9OV & ,CO4 9 COMM&1 TRI$ TO IMPOSE ITSELF ON ! MASS ( WORK]S4 ,& ! ABOM9ABLE T]ROR ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ HUMANITY 9 G5]AL & AGA9/ ?OSE :O KEPT !IR P]SONAL CONVICTIONS & W]E NOT AFRAID TO CRITICIZE ! ,BOL%EVIKS & !IR SO-CALL$ 0PROLET>IAN0 GOV]NM5T 9 P>TICUL>1 W\LD NOT HAVE EXI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA OR 9 ,UKRA9E NOR 9 ! O!R ,BOL%EVIK REPUBLICS4 

,ALAS6 ,WE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S1 W]E NEV] CAPABLE ( SEIZ+ ! 9ITIATIVE 9 ! MID/ ( GREAT POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS1 ( UND]/&+ !IR SIGNIFICANCE & H[ TO HELP !M DEVELOP EV5 FUR!R4 ,& N[ WE REMA9$ P[]LESS1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ( ! LACK ( EV5 ! MO/ RUDIM5T>Y ORGANIZATION DUR+ ! MO/ DECISIVE DAYS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! LEFT-W+ /ATE-SOCIALI/S1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 :ILE !Y C\LD NOT EMBRACE COMPLETELY ! DIRECT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS ( ! TOIL]S1 AT LEA/ QUICKLY UND]/OOD !M & REALIZ$ ?AT1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( !IR IDEOLOGY1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO SUPPORT !SE POPUL> ACTIONS BECAUSE ?IS W\LD BE ! 5D ( !IR ILLUSIONS ( P[] & W\LD DRAG !M D[N FROM ! SUMMITS ( ! ,/ATE :I* !SE NEW MA/]S HAD ATTA9$ BY CLIMB+ ON ! BACKS ( ! DIRECT DEF5D]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! /ATI/ ,BOL%EVIKS & ,LEFT ,S,RS HA/5$ TO MOVE AGA9/ !SE DIRECT POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS4 ,?AT IS1 !Y NOT ONLY ALL[$ ! GOV]NM5T ( ,L59 TO RE/RA9 ! REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S ( ! CITIES & VILLAGES BY DECREES H&$ D[N FROM ! TOP1 BUT P]SONALLY CONTRIBUT$ TO ! DISORGANIZATION ( ! TOIL]S AT ! MOM5T :5 !Y HAD SUCCE$$ = ! FIR/ TIME 9 GR\P+ !IR REVOLUTION>Y =CES EFFECTIVELY4 ,!SE LEFT-W+ P>TIES RE/RA9$ ! PROCESS ( DE/RUCTION1 & ?US ! ,REVOLUTION C\LD NOT ATTA9 ITS ULTIMATE PHASE 9 :I* ! PROCESS ( RECON/RUCTION C\LD F9D ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE & ACQUIRE ITS FULL DEVELOPM5T4 ,! NEW SOCIETY OPPOSES ITSELF TO ALL ?AT WAS OLD & ROTT5 9 ! =M] SOCIETY & :I* IS QUITE USELESS 9 A HEAL?Y HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,BUT ALWAYS1 9 TIMES ( :OLESALE PSY*OLOGICAL *ANGES 9 ! POPULATION1 ! OLD SY/EM T5DS1 UND] ! MO/ V>I$ ASPECTS & =MS1 HA/ILY & SUP]FICIALLY CAM\FLAG$1 TO F9D ITS PLACE 9 ! NEW1 FREE SOCIAL =MATIONS4 

,!SE LEFT-W+ /ATE SOCIALI/S1 PR(IT+ FROM ! NAIVE TRU/ ( ! PEOPLES ( ,RUSSIA1 ,UKRA9E1 & O!R REGIONS 9 !IR REVOLUTION>Y WORK1 ABUS$ ?IS TRU/4 ,) !IR NOTION ( A SOCIALI/1 PROLET>IAN /ATE1 !Y CAUS$ ! PEOPLE TO SW]VE (F ! PA? ( WID5+ & 9T5SIFY+ ! ,REVOLUTION & BR\<T DISORGANIZATION 9TO ! NASC5T FREE SOCIETY1 DI/ORT+ ITS 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL T5D5CIES & SL[+ D[N ! PROCESS ( ITS REALIZATION4 ,IT WAS ?IS FACT1 & NONE O!R1 :I* GAVE RISE TO WE>9ESS & 9DIFF]5CE ON ! P>T ( ! P>TISANS ( LIB]ATION1 :ILE !IR 5EMIES1 REGA9+ !IR COMPOSURE1 BEGAN TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES & TO ACT :ILE TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! RELATIVE /R5G?S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y & C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES4 

,SU* MOM5TS >E ADVANTAGE\S = ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y =CES BECAUSE !Y CAN EASILY SUBDUE ! REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S1 ?IS DEVOT$ VANGU>D ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & SEP>ATE !M FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y FRONT1 BROAD & CREATIVE1 :I* DEVELOPS \TSIDE ! CONTROL ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,IT IS PRECISELY UND] SU* CONDITIONS ?AT ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S W]E REMOV$ FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y FRONT4 

,! POLITICS ( ! ,TREATY ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK ) ! ,G]MAN & ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN EMP]ORS CONTRIBUT$ 9 NO SMALL MEASURE TO ?IS SITUATION4 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ! ,LEFT ,S,RS PROTE/$ VIGOR\SLY AGA9/ ?IS TREATY4 ,BUT1 BE+ ALLI$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! BUS9ESS ( DECEIV+ & 5SLAV+ ! TOIL]S = ! SUPPOS$ PURPOSE ( CON/RUCT+ A NEW SOCIETY 9 ! NAME ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,LEFT ,S,RS SUBMITT$ TO A FAIT ACCOMPLI4 ,ALONG ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 !Y )DREW ALL !IR ,R$ ,GU>D DETA*M5TS FROM ,UKRA9E 9 ACCORD ) ! ,TREATY4 ,ALMO/ NO RESI/ANCE WAS (F]$ TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( ,G]MANY & ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN OR TO ! DETA*M5TS ( ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 

,AS = ! REVOLUTION>Y ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S1 !Y W]E LEFT1 = ! MO/ P>T1 TOTALLY AT ! M]CY ( ! HANGM5 ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 9VAD+ FROM ! WE/4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y COMM&]S EI!R TOOK ALL ! WEAPONS ) !M1 OR AB&ON$ !M TO ! 9VAD]S4 

,IT'S TRUE ?AT ! RETREAT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,LEFT ,S,RS W5T ON = MON?S4 ,DUR+ ?IS TIME1 ?OSE COMM&]S :O HAD NOT YET BE5 AFFECT$ BY ! POISON ( !SE POLITICAL P>TIES DID :ATEV] !Y C\LD TO >M ! REVOLUTION>Y POPULATION ( ,UKRA9E4 ,BUT ! CIRCUM/ANCES W]E QUITE UNFAVORABLE4 ,! >MIES W]E RETREAT+1 :I* IS :Y ALL ! WEAPONS C\LD NOT BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y POPULATION & US$ BY !M AGA9/ ! ADVANC+ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y >MIES4 ,! RETREAT ( ! ,R$ ,GU>DS WAS TRANS=M$1 9DE$1 9TO A V]ITABLE R\T & ! REVOLUTION>Y T]RITORIES AB&ON$ W]E MO/ (T5 OCCUPI$ ! SAME DAY BY ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES1 SO ! REVOLUTION>Y POPULATION HAD NO TIME TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9TO COMBAT UNITS TO REPULSE ! 9VAD]S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibe 3 ,P>T #b - ,*APT] #bg -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#f1 #bai 3 ,P>T #b - ,*APT] #bg -- ,ADD$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/