,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 

#aibb 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,TAGS 3 T5? CONGRESS ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY1 CONGRESS ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY1 SLOGANS ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 MEASURES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T1 FIR/ DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION1 CON/ITU5T ASSEMBLY & FREE TRADE1 DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 %OP & FACTORY COMMITTEES1 SY/EM ( PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 COMMUNI/ P>TY ( RUSSIA4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,I,I,S,G1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,P,R,E,F,A,C,E  

  ,CL>ITY ( IDEAS IS NOT *>ACT]I/IC ( ! AV]AGE M9D4 ,MANY PEOPLE /ILL CONT9UE TO ?9K & TO TALK ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI AS IF ! TWO W]E ID5TICAL4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 AS IF NO?+ HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,RUSSIA DUR+ ! LA/ ?REE YE>S4  

,! GREAT NE$ ( ! PRES5T IS TO MAKE CLE> ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ?AT GR& SOCIAL EV5T & ! RUL+1 POLITICAL P>TY --- A DIFF]5CE AS FUNDAM5TAL AS IT HAS BE5 FATAL TO ! ,REVOLUTION4  

,! FOLL[+ PAGES PRES5T A CLE> & HI/ORICALLY TRUE PICTURE ( ! IDEALS ?AT 9SPIR$ ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ( ! ROLE PLAY$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,?IS PAMPHLET CONCLUSIVELY PROVES :AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ,I,S & :AT ! ,BO,I%EVIK ,/ATE1 ALIAS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ,I,S ,N,O,T4  

,I CONSID] ?IS BRO*URE A V]Y ABLE1 & = POPUL> READ+ SUFFICI5TLY EXHAU/IVE1 ANALYSIS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ( ! CAUSES ( ITS UNDO+4 ,IT MAY BE REG>D$ AS AN AU?ORITATIVE EXPRESSION ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ,RUSSIA1 = IT WAS WRITT5 BY ,AN>*I/S ( DIFF]5T S*OOLS1 SOME ( !M P>TICIPANTS & ALL ( !M WELL V]S$ 9 ! EV5TS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ! JO9T WORK ( F\R WELL KN[N ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/S4 ,!IR NAMES CANNOT BE M5TION$ AT PRES5T1 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT SOME ( !M >E /ILL 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,NOR >E !IR NAMES IMPORTANT 9 ?IS CONNECTION3 RA!R IS IT ! SUBJECT & ITS TREATM5T4 ,I H]EBY ACCEPT FULL RESPONSIBILITY = ! CONT5TS ( ! FOLL[+ PAGES1 AS ,I AM ALSO RESPONSIBLE = ! R5D]+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN MANUSCRIPT 9TO ,5GLI%4  

,I TAKE ?IS OCCASION TO CORRECT ! ]RONE\S /ATEM5T CONTA9$ 9 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]'S ,PREFACE TO ! ,G]MAN $ITION ( ?IS PAMPHLET1 REG>D+ ITS AU?OR%IP4 ,?IS BRO*URE WAS WRITT5 9 ,MOSC[1 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#b#a1 & SECRETLY =W>D$ TO ,ROCK]4 ,BECAUSE ( A MISUND]/&+ ,COMRADE ,ROCK] ASCRIB$ ! AU?OR%IP ( ! MANUSCRIPT TO ONE P]SON1 H9T$ AT BUT UNNAM$ 9 ,ROCK]'S ,PREFACE4 ,! FACT ( ! AU?OR%IP IS AS /AT$ ABOVE4  

,JULY1 #a#i#b#b4     ,A,L,E,X,&,] ,B,],K,M,A,N 

  

 ,! ,R,U,S,S,I,A,N ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N ,& ,! ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/ ,P,>,T,Y  

,! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT ! LEGITIMATE (FSPR+ ( TRADITIONAL ,M>XISM4 ,RUSSIA BUT LITTLE RESEMBL$ A C\NTRY 9 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 0! CONC5TRATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! TOOLS ( LABOR REA*$ ! PO9T :]E !Y CAN NO LONG] BE CONTA9$ )9 !IR CAPITALI/IC %ELL4 ,! %ELL BUR/S4 4 4 40  

,9 ,RUSSIA1 0! %ELL0 BUR/ UNEXPECT$LY4 ,IT BUR/ AT A /AGE ( L[ TE*NICAL & 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T1 :5 C5TRALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION HAD MADE LITTLE PROGRESS4 ,RUSSIA WAS A C\NTRY ) A BADLY ORGANIZ$ SY/EM ( TRANSPORTATION1 ) A WEAK B\RGEOISIE & WEAK PROLET>IAT1 BUT ) A NUM]ICALLY /RONG & SOCIALLY IMPORTANT PEASANT POPULATION4 ,9 %ORT1 IT WAS A C\NTRY 9 :I*1 APP>5TLY1 !RE C\LD BE NO TALK ( IRRECONCILABLE ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! GR[N 9DU/RIAL LABOR =CES & A FULLY RIP5$ CAPITALI/ SY/EM4  

,BUT ! COMB9ATION ( CIRCUM/ANCES 9 #aiag 9VOLV$1 P>TICUL>LY = ,RUSSIA1 AN EXCEPTIONAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS :I*4 RESULT$ 9 ! CATA/ROPHIC BREAKD[N ( H] :OLE 9DU/RIAL SY/EM4 0,IT WAS EASY = ,RUSSIA01 ,L59 JU/LY WROTE AT ! TIME1 0TO BEG9 ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION 9 ! PECULI>LY UNIQUE SITUATION ( #a#i#a#g40  

,! SPECIALLY FAVORABLE CONDITIONS = ! BEG9N+ ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION W]E3  

#a7 ! POSSIBILITY ( BL5D+ ! SLOGANS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ) ! POPUL> DEM& = ! T]M9ATION ( ! IMP]IALI/IC WORLD W>1 :I* HAD PRODUC$ GREAT EXHAU/ION & DISSATISFACTION AMONG ! MASSES2  

#b7 ! POSSIBILITY ( REMA9+1 AT LEA/ = A C]TA9 P]IOD AFT] QUITT+ ! W>1 \TSIDE ! SPH]E ( 9FLU5CE ( ! CAPITALI/IC ,EUROPEAN GR\PS ?AT CONT9U$ ! WORLD W>2  

#c7 ! OPPORTUNITY TO BEG91 EV5 DUR+ ! %ORT TIME ( ?IS RESPITE1 ! WORK ( 9T]NAL ORGANIZATION & TO PREP>E ! F\NDATION = REVOLUTION>Y RECON/RUCTION2  

#d7 ! EXCEPTIONALLY FAVORABLE POSITION ( ,RUSSIA1 9 CASE ( POSSIBLE NEW AGGRESSION ON ! P>T ( ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN IMP]IALISM1 DUE TO H] VA/ T]RITORY & 9SUFFICI5T MEANS ( COMMUNICATION2  

#e7 ! ADVANTAGES ( SU* A CONDITION 9 ! EV5T ( CIVIL W>2 &  

#f7 ! POSSIBILITY ( ALMO/ IMM$IATELY SATISFY+ ! FUNDAM5TAL DEM&S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTRY1 NOT)/&+ ! FACT ?AT ! ESS5TIALLY DEMOCRATIC VIEWPO9T ( ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION WAS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T FROM ! SOCIALI/ PROGRAM ( ! 0P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT0 :I* SEIZ$ ! RE9S ( GOV]NM5T4  

,MOREOV]1 REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA ALREADY HAD ! B5EFIT ( A GREAT EXP]I5CE --- ! EXP]I5CE ( #a#i#e1 :5 ! ,CZ>I/ AUTOCRACY SUCCE$$ 9 CRU%+ ! REVOLUTION = ! V]Y REASON ?AT ! LATT] /ROVE TO BE EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL & !RE=E C\LD NEI!R >\SE ! PEASANTS NOR 9SPIRE EV5 A CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT 4  

,! WORLD W>1 BY EXPOS+ ! COMPLETE BANKRUPTCY ( CON/ITUTIONAL GOV]NM5T1 S]V$ TO PREP>E & QUICK5 ! GREATE/ MOVEM5T ( ! PEOPLE --- A MOVEM5T :I*1 BY VIRTUE ( ITS V]Y ESS5CE1 C\LD DEVELOP ONLY 9TO A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4  

,ANTICIPAT+ ! MEASURES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T1 (T5 EV5 9 DEFIANCE ( ! LATT]1 ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES BY !IR [N 9ITIATIVE BEGAN1 LONG BE=E ! ,OCTOB] DAYS1 TO PUT 9 PRACTICE !IR ,SOCIAL 

 IDEALS4 ,!Y TOOK POSSESSION ( ! L&1 ! FACTORIES1 M9ES1 MILLS1 & ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION4 ,!Y GOT RID ( ! MORE HAT$ & DANG]\S REPRES5TATIVES ( GOV]NM5T & AU?ORITY4 ,9 !IR GR& REVOLUTION>Y \TBUR/ !Y DE/ROY$ EV]Y =M ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OPPRESSION4 ,9 ! DEEPS ( ,RUSSIA ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION WAS RAG+1 :5 ! ,OCTOB] *ANGE TOOK PLACE 9 ! CAPITALS ( ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[4  

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* WAS AIM+ AT ! DICTATOR%IP1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ CORRECTLY JUDG$ ! SITUATION4 ,?R[+ OV]BO>D ! DEMOCRATIC PLANKS ( ITS PLAT=M1 IT 5]GETICALLY PROCLAIM$ ! SLOGANS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 9 ORD] TO GA9 CONTROL ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI GAVE CONCRETE =M TO C]TA9 FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES & ME?ODS ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM1 AS = 9/ANCE3 ! NEGATION ( P>LIAM5T>ISM1 EXPROPRIATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 TACTICS ( DIRECT ACTION1 SEIZURE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 E/ABLI%M5T ( ! SY/EM ( ,WORK]S' & ,PEASANTS' ,C\NCILS 7,SOVIETS71 & SO =?4  

,FUR!RMORE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY EXPLOIT$ ALL ! POPUL> DEM&S ( ! H\R3 T]M9ATION ( ! W>1 ALL P[] TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT1 ! L& = ! PEASANTS1 ETC4 ,?IS1 AS WE %ALL SEE LAT]1 BASE DEMAGOG]Y PROV$ ( TREM5D\S PSY*OLOGIC EFFECT 9 HA/5+ & 9T5SIFY+ ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4  

,BUT IF IT WAS EASY1 AS ,L59 SAID1 TO BEG9 ! ,REVOLUTION1 ITS FUR!R DEVELOPM5T & /R5G!N+ W]E TO TAKE PLACE AMID DIFFICULT SURR\ND+S4  

,! EXT]NAL POSITION ( ,RUSSIA1 AS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ,L59 AB\T ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#a#h1 CONT9U$ TO BE 0UNUSUALLY COMPLICAT$ & DANG]\S01 & 0TEMPT+ = ! NEI<BOR+ IMP]IALI/ ,/ATES BY ITS TEMPOR>Y WEAKNESS0' ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC WAS 9 AN 0EXTRAORD9>ILY UN/ABLE1 V]Y CRITICAL 9T]NATIONAL POSITION04  

,&1 9DE$1 ! :OLE SUBSEQU5T EXT]NAL HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIA IS FULL ( DIFFICULTIES 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! NECESSITY 

 ( FI<T+ CEASELESSLY1 (T5 ON SEV]AL FRONTS AT ONCE1 AGA9/ ! AG5TS ( WORLD IMP]IALISM1 & EV5 AGA9/ COMMON ADV5TUR]S4 ,ONLY AFT] ! F9AL DEFEAT ( ! ,WRANGEL =CES WAS AT LA/ PUT AN 5D TO DIRECT >M$ 9T]F]5CE 9 ! AFFAIRS ( ,RUSSIA4  

,NO LESS DIFFICULT & COMPLEX1 EV5 *AOTIC1 WAS ! 9T]NAL SITUATION ( ! C\NTRY4  

,COMPLETE BREAKD[N ( ! :OLE 9DU/RIAL FABRIC2 FAILURE ( ! NATIONAL ECONOMY2 DISORGANIZATION ( ! TRANSPORTATION SY/EM1 HUNG]1 UNEMPLOYM5T2 RELATIVE LACK ( ORGANIZATION AMONG ! WORK]S2 UNUSUALLY COMPLEX & CONTRADICTORY CONDITIONS ( PEASANT LIFE2 ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! 0'PETTY PROPRIETOR01 9IMICAL TO ! NEW ,SOVIET REGIME2 SABOTAGE ( ,SOVIET WORK BY ! TE*NICAL 9TELLIG5TSIA2 ! GREAT LACK 9 ! ,P>TY ( TRA9$ WORK]S FAMILI> ) LOCAL CONDITIONS1 & ! PRACTICAL 9EFFICI5CY ( ! ,P>TY HEADS2 F9ALLY1 ACCORD+ TO ! FRANK ADMISSION ( ! ACKN[L$G$ LEAD] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 0! GREATE/ HATR$1 BY ! MASSES1 & DI/RU/ ( EV]Y?+ GOV]NM5TAL0 --- ?AT WAS ! SITUATION 9 :I* ! FIR/ & MO/ DIFFICULT /EPS ( ! ,REVOLUTION HAD TO BE MADE4  

,IT MU/ ALSO BE M5TION$ ?AT !RE W]E /ILL O!R SPECIFIC PROBLEMS ) :I* ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T4 HAD TO DEAL4 ,NAMELY1 ! DEEP-SEAT$ CONTRADICTIONS & EV5 ANTAGONISMS BETWE5 ! 9T]E/S & ASPIRATIONS ( ! V>I\S SOCIAL GR\PS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ( !SE W]E3  

7A7 ! MO/ ADVANC$1 & 9 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL1 GR\P ( FACTORY PROLET>IANS4 ,NOT)/&+ !IR RELATIVE CULTURAL & TE*NICAL BACKW>DNESS1 !SE ELEM5TS FAVOR$ ! APPLICATION ( TRUE COMMUNI/ ME?ODS2  

7B7 ! NUM]ICALLY P[]FUL PEASANT POPULATION1 :OSE ECONOMIC ATTITUDE WAS DECISIVE1 P>TICUL>LY AT A TIME ( 9DU/RIAL PRO/RATION & BLOCKADE4 ,?IS CLASS LOOK$ ) DI/RU/ & EV5 HATR$ UPON ALL ATTEMPTS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T TO PLAY ! GU>DIAN & CONTROL !IR ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES2  

  

7C7 ! V]Y L>GE & PSY*OLOGICALLY 9FLU5TIAL GR\P 79 ! S5SE ( =M+ PUBLIC OP9ION1 EV5 IF ( A PANICKY *>ACT]7 ( ! COMMON CITIZ5RY3 ! RESIDUE ( ! UPP] B\RGEOISIE1 TE*NICAL SPECIALI/S1 SMALL DEAL]S1 PETTY BOSSES1 COMM]CIAL AG5TS ( EV]Y K9D --- A NUM]\S GR\P1 9 :I* W]E ALSO TO BE F\ND FUNCTION>IES ( ! OLD REGIME :O ADAPT$ !MSELVES & W]E S]V+ ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T1 N[ & !N SABOTAG+2 ELEM5TS TEMPT$ BY ! OPPORTUNITIES ( ! NEW ORD] ( ?+S & SEEK+ TO MAKE A C>E]2 &1 F9ALLY1 P]SONS TORN \T ( !IR HABITUAL MODES ( LIFE & LIT]ALLY />V+4 ,?IS CLASS WAS APPROXIMATELY E/IMAT$ AT #g.0 ( ! EMPLOYES ( ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS4  

,NATURALLY1 EA* ( !SE GR\PS LOOK$ UPON ! ,REVOLUTION ) !IR [N EYES1 JUDG$ ITS FUR!R POSSIBILITIES FROM !IR [N PO9T ( VIEW1 & 9 !IR [N PECULI> MANN] REACT$ ON ! MEASURES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T4  

,ALL !SE ANTAGONISMS R5D+ ! C\NTRY &1 FREQU5TLY CLA%+ 9 BLOODY /RIFE1 9EVITABLY T5D$ TO N\RI% C\NT]-REVOLUTION --- NOT M]E CONSPIRACY OR REBELLION1 BUT ! T]RIFIC CONVULSION ( A C\NTRY EXP]I5C+ TWO WORLD CATACLYSMS AT ONCE3 W> & SOCIAL REVOLUTION4  

,?US ! POLITICAL P>TY ?AT ASSUM$ ! ROLE ( DICTATOR WAS FAC$ BY PROBLEMS ( UNPREC$5T$ DIFFICULTY4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DID NOT %R9K FROM !IR SOLUTION1 & 9 ?AT IS ITS IMMORTAL HI/ORIC M]IT4  

,NOT)/&+ ! MANY DEEP ANTAGONISMS1 9 SPITE ( ! APP>5T ABS5CE ( ! CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 IT WAS TOO LATE TO DISCUSS AB\T DRIV+ BACK ! UN9VIT$ GUE/1 & AWAIT A NEW1 MORE FAVORABLE OPPORTUNITY4 ,ONLY BL9D1 DOGMATIC OR POSITIVELY REACTION>Y ELEM5TS C\LD IMAG9E ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION C\LD HAVE BE5 0MADE DIFF]5TLY04 ,! ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT & C\LD NOT BE A ME*ANICAL PRODUCT ( ! AB/RACT HUMAN WILL4 ,IT WAS AN ORGANIC PROCESS BUR/ ) ELEM5TAL =CE FROM ! 

 V]Y NE$S ( ! PEOPLE1 FROM ! COMPLEX COMB9ATION ( CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT DET]M9$ !IR EXI/5CE4  

,TO RETURN TO TILE OLD POLITICAL & ECONOMICAL REGIME1 ?AT ( 9DU/RIAL FEUDALISM1 WAS \T ( ! QUE/ION4 ,IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE1 & FIR/ ( ALL BECAUSE IT W]E ! D5IAL ( ! GREATE/ CONQUE/ ( ! ,REVOLUTION3 ! RI<T ( EV]Y WORK] TO A DEC5T        HUMAN LIFE4 ,IT WAS ALSO IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! NEW NATIONAL ECONOMY3 ! OLD REGIME WAS 9H]5TLY 9IMICAL TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( FREE SOCIAL RELATION%IP --- IT HAD NO ROOM = LABOR 9ITIATIVE4  

,IT WAS APP>5T ?AT ! ONLY RI<T & :OLESOME SOLUTION --- :I* C\LD SAVE ! ,REVOLUTION FROM ITS EXT]NAL 5EMIES1 FREE IT FROM ! 9N] /RIFE :I* R5T ! C\NTRY1 BROAD5 & DEEP5 ! ,REVOLUTION ITSELF --- LAY 9 ! DIRECT1 CREATIVE 9ITIATIVE ( ! TOIL+ MASSES4 ,ONLY !Y :O HAD = C5TURIES BORNE ! HEAVIE/ BURD5S C\LD ?R\< CONSCI\S SY/EMATIC EF=T F9D ! ROAD TO A NEW1 REG5]AT$ SOCIETY4 ,& ?AT WAS TO BE ! FITT+ CULM9ATION ( !IR UNEXAMPL$ REVOLUTION>Y ZEAL4  

,L59 HIMSELF1 REPLY+ 9 ONE ( HIS WORKS TO ! QUE/ION1 0,H[ IS ! DISCIPL9E ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT TO BE MA9TA9$1 H[ TO BE /R5G!N$80 CLE>LY & DEF9ITELY REPLI$3 0,BY KN[+ H[ TO MEET1 TO COMB9E1 TO SOME EXT5T EV5 TO M]GE1 IF Y\ WILL1 ) ! BROAD MASSES ( ! TOIL]S1 MA9LY ) ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT ALSO ) ! NON-PROLET>IAN LABOR+ MASSES04 7,ITALICS >E ,L59'S47  

,H[EV]1 ?IS ?\<T WAS & /ILL REMA9S1 ON ! :OLE1 9 IRRECONCILABLE CONFLICT1 ) ! SPIRIT ( ,M>XISM 9 ITS (FICIAL ,BOL%EVIK 9T]PRETATION1 & P>TICUL>LY ) ,L59'S AU?ORITATIVE VIEW ( IT4  

,= YE>S TRA9$ 9 !IR PECULI> 0UND]GR\ND0 SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY1 9 :I* F]V5T FAI? 9 ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION WAS 9 SOME ODD MANN] BL5D$ ) !IR NO LESS FANATICAL FAI? 9 ,/ATE C5TRALIZATION1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI DEVIS$ AN 5TIRELY 

 NEW SCI5CE ( TACTICS4 ,IT IS TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! PREP>ATION & CONSUMMATION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION NECESSITATES ! ORGANIZATION ( A SPECIAL CONSPIRATIVE /AFF1 CONSI/+ EXCLUSIVELY ( ! !ORETICIANS ( ! MOVEM5T1 VE/$ ) DICTATORIAL P[]S = ! PURPOSE ( CL>IFY+ & P]FECT+ BE=EH&1 BY !IR [N CONSPIRATIVE MEANS1 ! CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAT4  

,?US ! FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT]I/IC ( ,BOL%EVIK PSY*OLOGY WAS DI/RU/ ( ! MASSES1 ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,LEFT TO !MSELVES1 ! MASSES --- ACCORD+ TO ,BOL%EVIK CONVICTION --- C\LD RISE ONLY TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PETTY RE=M]4  

,! ROAD ?AT LEADS TO ! DIRECT CREATIV5ESS ( ! MASSES WAS ?US =SAK54  

,ACCORD+ TO ,BOL%EVIK CONCEPTION1 ! MASSES >E 0D>K01 M5TALLY CRIPPL$ BY AGES ( SLAV]Y4 ,!Y >E MULTI-COLOR$3 BESIDES ! REVOLUTION>Y ADVANCE-GU>D !Y COMPRISE GREAT NUMB]S ( ! 9DIFF]5T & MANY SELF-SEEK]S4 ,! MASSES1 ACCORD+ TO ! OLD BUT /ILL CORRECT MAXIM ( ,R\SSEAU1 MU/ BE MADE FREE BY =CE4 ,TO $UCATE !M TO LIB]TY ONE MU/ NOT HESITATE TO USE COMPULSION & VIOL5CE4  

0,PROLET>IAN COMPULSION 9 ALL ITS =MS01 WRITES ,BUKH>91 ONE ( ! =EMO/ ,COMMUNI/ !ORETICIANS1 0BEG9N+ ) SUMM>Y EXECUTION & 5D+ ) COMPULSORY LABOR IS1 H[EV] P>ADOXICAL IT MAY S\ND1 A ME?OD ( REWORK+ ! HUMAN MAT]IAL ( ! CAPITALI/IC EPO* 9TO ,COMMUNI/ HUMANITY04  

,?IS CYNICAL DOCTR9AIRISM1 ?IS FANATICAL QUASI-PHILOSOPHY FLAVOR$ ) ,COMMUNI/ P$AGOGIC SAUCE  & AID$ BY ! PRESSURE ( 0CANONIZ$ (FICIALS0 7EXPRESSION ( ! PROM95T ,COMMUNI/ & LABOR LEAD] ,%LIAPNIKOV7 REPRES5T ! ACTUAL ME?ODS ( ! ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 :I* RETA9S ! TRADE M>K ( ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 M]ELY = GALA AFFAIRS AT HOME & = ADV]TISEM5T ABROAD4 ,ALREADY 9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 E>LY 9 #a#i#a#h1 :5 ,L59 FIR/ ANN\NC$ TO ! WORLD HIS SOCIO-ECONOMIC 

 PROGRAM 9 ITS M9UTE/ DETAILS1 ! ROLES ( ! PEOPLE & ( ! ,P>TY 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y RECON/RUCTION W]E /RICTLY SEP>AT$ & DEF9ITELY ASSIGN$4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 AN ABSOLUTELY SUBMISSIVE SOCIALI/ H]D1 A DUMB PEOPLE2 ON ! O!R1 ! OMNISCI5T1 ALL-CONTROLL+ ,POLITICAL ,P>TY4 ,:AT IS 9SCRUTABLE TO ALL1 IS AN OP5 BOOK TO ,IT4 ,9 ! L& !RE MAY BE ONLY ONE 9DISPUTABLE S\RCE ( TRU? --- ! ,/ATE4 ,BUT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE IS1 9 ESS5CE & PRACTICE1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,P>TY ONLY1 OR --- MORE CORRECTLY --- ! DICTATOR%IP ( ITS ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4  ,EA* & EV]Y CITIZ5 MU/ BE1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 ! S]VANT ( ! ,/ATE1 ITS OB$I5T FUNCTION>Y1 UNQUE/ION+LY EXECUT+ ! WILL ( HIS MA/] --- IF NOT AS A MATT] ( CONSCI5CE1 !N \T ( FE>4 ,ALL FREE 9ITIATIVE1 ( ! 9DIVIDUAL AS WELL AS ( ! COLLECTIVITY1 IS ELIM9AT$ FROM ! VISION ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! PEOPLE'S ,SOVIETS >E TRANS=M$ 9TO SECTIONS ( ! ,RUL+ ,P>TY2 ! ,SOVIET 9/ITUTIONS BECOME S\LLESS (FICES1 M]E TRANSMITT]S ( ! WILL ( ! C5T] TO ! P]IPH]Y4 ,ALL EXPRESSIONS ( ,/ATE ACTIVITY MU/ BE /AMP$ ) ! APPROV+ SEAL ( ,COMMUNISM AS 9T]PRET$ BY ! FACTION 9 P[]4 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE IS CONSID]$ SUP]FLU\S1 USELESS & DANG]\S4  

,?IS SY/EM ( B>RACK ABSOLUTISM1 SUPPORT$ BY BULLET & BAYONET1 HAS SUBJUGAT$ EV]Y PHASE ( LIFE1 /OPP+ NEI!R BE=E ! DE/RUCTION ( ! BE/ CULTURAL VALUES1 NOR BE=E ! MO/ /UP5D\S SQU&]+ ( HUMAN LIFE & 5]GY4  

"9"9"9  

,BY ITS DECL>ATION ,L'ETAT C'E/ MOI1 ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP HAS ASSUM$ 5TIRE RESPONSIBILITY = ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ALL ITS HI/ORIC & E?ICAL IMPLICATIONS  

,HAV+ P>ALIS$ ! CON/RUCTIVE EF=TS ( ! PEOPLE1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY C\LD H5CE=? C\NT ONLY ON ITS [N 9ITIATIVE4 ,BY :AT MEANS1 !N1 DID ! ,BOL%EVIK 

 DICTATOR%IP EXPECT TO USE TO BE/ ADVANTAGE ! RES\RCES ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION8 ,:AT ROAD DID IT *OOSE1 NOT M]ELY TO SUBJECT ! MASSES ME*ANICALLY TO ITS AU?ORITY1 BUT ALSO TO $UCATE !M1 TO 9SPIRE !M ) ADVANC$ SOCIALI/ IDEAS1 & TO /IMULATE !M --- EXHAU/$ AS !Y W]E BY LONG W>1 ECONOMIC RU9 & POLICE RULE --- ) NEW FAI? 9 SOCIALI/ RECON/RUCTION8 ,:AT HAS IT SUB/ITUT$ 9 PLACE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM :I* BURN$ SO 9T5SELY BE=E8  

,TWO ?+S1 :I* COMPRIS$ ! BEG9N+ & ! 5D ( ! CON/RUCTIVE ACTIVITIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP3 #a7 ! !ORY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE1 & #b7 T]RORISM4  

,9 HIS SPEE*ES AB\T ! ,COMMUNI/ PROGRAM1 9 DISCUSSIONS AT CONF]5CES & CONGRESSES1 & 9 HIS CELEBRAT$ PAMPHLET ON 0,9FANTILE ,SICKNESS ( ',LEFTISM' 9 ,COMMUNISM01 ,L59 GRADUALLY %AP$ ?AT PECULI> DOCTR9E ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE :I* WAS FAT$ TO PLAY ! DOM9ANT ROLE 9 ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,P>TY & TO DET]M9E ALL ! SUBSEQU5T /EPS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 ! SPH]E ( PRACTICAL POLITICS4 ,IT IS ! DOCTR9E ( A ZIGZAG POLITICAL ROAD3 ( 0RESPITES0 & 0TRIBUTES01 AGREEM5TS & COMPROMISES1 PR(ITABLE RETREATS1 ADVANTAGE\S )DRAWALS & SURR5D]S --- A TRULY CLASSICAL !ORY ( COMPROMISE4  

,SCORN+ ! 0*UCKL+ & GIGGL+ ( ! LACKEYS ( ! B\RGEOISIE01 ,L59 CALLS UPON ! LABOR+ MASSES TO 0/E] D[N ! W9D01 TO RETREAT1 TO WAIT & WAT*1 TO GO SL[LY1 & SO ON4 ,NOT ! FI]Y SPIRIT ( ,COMMUNISM1 BUT SOB] COMM]CIALISM :I* CAN SUCCESSFULLY B>GA9 = A FEW CRUMBS ( SOCIALISM FROM ! /ILL UNCONQU]$ B\RGEOISIE --- ?AT IS ! 0NE$ ( ! H\R04 ,TO 5C\RAGE & DEVELOP ! VIRTUES ( ! TRAD]1 ! SPIRIT ( P>SIMONY & PR(ITABLE DEAL+3 ?AT IS ! FIR/ COMM&M5T TO ! 0REG5]AT$0 PEOPLE4  

,9 ! PAMPHLET REF]R$ TO1 ,L59 SC\TS ALL /]EOTYP$ MORALITY & COMP>ES ! TACTICS ( HIS ,P>TY ) ?OSE ( A MILIT>Y COMM&]1 IGNOR+ ! GULF :I* DIVIDES  !M & !IR AIMS4 ,ALL MEANS >E GOOD ?AT LEAD TO VICTORY4 ,!RE >E COMPROMISES & COMPROMISES4 0,! :OLE HI/ORY (' ,BOL%EVISM BE=E & AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION01 ,L59 S]MONIZES ! 0NAIVE ,G]MAN LEFT ,COMMUNI/S0 :O >E /IFL+ 9 !IR [N REVOLUTION>Y F]VOR1 0IS REPLETE ) 9/ANCES ( AGREEM5TS & COMPROMISES ) O!R P>TIES1 ! B\RGEOISIE 9CLUD$04 ,TO PROVE HIS ASS]TION1 ,L59 5UM]ATES 9 GREAT DETAIL V>I\S CASES ( B>GA9+ ) B\RGEOISIE P>TIES1 BEG9N+ ) #aie & UP TO ! ADOPTION BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 AT ! TIME ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 0( ! AGR>IAN PLAT=M ( ! SOCIALI/S- REVOLUTIONI/S1 9 TOTO1 )\T *ANGE04  

,COMPROMISE & B>GA9+1 = :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKI SO UNM]CIFULLY & JU/LY D5\NC$ & /IGMATIZ$ ALL ! O!R FACTIONS ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 N[ BECOME ! ,BE?LEHEM ,/> PO9T+ ! WAY TO REVOLUTION>Y RECON/RUCTION4 ,NATURALLY1 SU* ME?ODS C\LD NOT FAIL TO LEAD1 ) FATAL 9EVITABILITY1 9TO ! SWAMP ( CON=MATION1 HYPOCRISY & UNPR9CIPL$NESS4  

,! ,BRE/ ,LITOVSK PEACE2 ! AGR>IAN POLICY ) ITS SPASMODIC *ANGES FROM ! POORE/ CLASS ( PEASANTRY TO ! PEASANT EXPLOIT]2 ! P]PLEX$1 PANICKY ATTITUDE TO ! LABOR UNIONS2 ! FITFUL ,POLICY 9 REG>D TO TE*NICAL EXP]TS1 ) ITS !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL SWAY+ FROM COLLEGIATE MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RIES TO 0ONE-MAN P[]02 N]V\S APPEALS TO ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN CAPITALISM1 OV] ! HEADS ( ! HOME & =EIGN PROLET>IAT2 FILIALLY1 ! LATE/ 9CONSI/5T & ZIGZAGGY1 BUT 9CONTROV]TIBLE & ASSUR$ RE/ORATION ( ! ABOLI%$ B\RGEOISIE --- SU* IS ! NEW SY/EM ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,A SY/EM ( UNPREC$5T$ %AMELESSNESS PRACTIC$ ON A MON/] SCALE1 A POLICY ( \TRAGE\S D\BLE-DEAL+ 9 :I* ! LEFT H& ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS BEG9N+ CONSCI\SLY TO IGNORE1 & EV5 TO D5Y1 ON PR9CIPLE1 :AT ITS RI<T H& IS DO+2 :51 = 9/ANCE1 IT IS PROCLAIM$1 ON ! ONE H&1 ?AT ! MO/ IMPORTANT PROBLEM ( ! MOM5T IS ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! SMALL B\RGEOISIE 7&1 9CID5TALLY1 9 /]EOTYP$ ,BOL%EVIK PHRASEOLOGY1 AGA9/ AN>*I/ ELEM5TS71 :ILE ON ! O!R H& >E ISSU$ NEW DECREES CREAT+ ! TE*NO-ECONOMIC & PSY*OLOGICAL CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = ! RE/ORATION & /R5G!N+ ( ?AT SAME B\RGEOISIE --- ?AT IS ! ,BOL%EVIK POLICY :I* WILL =EV] /& AS A MONUM5T ( ! ?OR\<LY FALSE1 ?OR\<LY CONTRADICTORY1 CONC]N$ ONLY 9 SELF-PRES]VATION1 OPPORTUNI/IC POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP4  

,H[EV] L\D ?AT DICTATOR%IP MAY %\T AB\T ! GREAT SUCCESS ( ITS NEW POLITICAL ME?ODS1 IT REMA9S ! MO/ TRAGIC FACT ?AT ! WOR/ & MO/ 9CURABLE W\NDS ( ! ,REVOLUTION W]E RECEIV$ AT ! H&S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP ITSELF4  

,AN 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY RULE WAS ALSO ! O!R 0ME?OD0 ( ,BOL%EVIK MANAGEM5T3 T]RORISM4  

,LONG AGO ,5GELS SAID ?AT ! PROLET>IAT DOES NOT NE$ ! ,/ATE TO PROTECT LIB]TY1 BUT NE$S IT = ! PURPOSE ( CRU%+ ITS OPPON5TS2 & ?AT :5 IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( LIB]TY1 !RE WILL BE NO GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI ADOPT$ ?IS MAXIM NOT ONLY AS !IR SOCIO-POLITICAL AXIOM DUR+ ! 0TRANSITION P]IOD01 BUT GAVE IT UNIV]SAL APPLICATION4  

,T]RORISM ALWAYS WAS & /ILL REMA9S ! ULTIMA RATIO ( GOV]NM5T AL>M$ = ITS EXI/5CE4 ,T]RORISM IS TEMPT+ ) ITS TREM5D\S POSSIBILITIES4 ,IT (F]S A ME*ANICAL SOLUTION1 AS IT W]E1 9 HOPELESS SITUATIONS4 ,PSY*OLOGICALLY IT IS EXPLA9$ ITS A MATT] ( SELF-DEF5SE1 AS ! NECESSITY ( ?R[+ (F RESPONSIBILITY ! BETT] TO /RIKE ! 5EMY4  

,BUT TILE PR9CIPLES ( T]RORISM UNAVOIDABLY REB\ND TO ! FATAL 9JURY ( LIB]TY & REVOLUTION4 ,ABSOLUTE P[] CORRUPTS & DEFEATS ITS P>TISANS NO LESS ?AN ITS OPPON5TS4 ,A PEOPLE ?AT KN[S NOT LIB]TY BECOMES ACCU/OM$ TO DICTATOR%IP3 FI<T+ DESPOTISM & C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 T]RORISM ITSELF BECOMES !IR EFFICI5T S*OOL4  

  

,ONCE ON ! ROAD ( T]RORISM1 ! ,/ATE NECESS>ILY BECOMES E/RANG$ FROM ! PEOPLE4 ,IT MU/ R$UCE TO ! POSSIBLE M9IMUM ! CIRCLE ( P]SONS VE/$ ) EXTRAORD9>Y P[]S1 9 ! NAME ( ! SAFETY ( ! ,/ATE4 ,& !N IS BORN :AT MAY BE CALL$ ! PANIC ( AU?ORITY4 ,! DICTATOR1 ! DESPOT IS ALWAYS C[>DLY4 ,HE SUSPECTS TREASON EV]Y:]E4 ,& ! MORE T]RIFI$ HE BECOMES1 ! WILD] RAGES HIS FRI<T5$ IMAG9ATION1 9CAPABLE ( DI/+UI%+ REAL DANG] FROM FANCI$4 ,HE S[S BROADCA/ DISCONT5T1 ANTAGONISM1 HATR$4 ,HAV+ *OS5 ?IS C\RSE1 ! ,/ATE IS DOOM$ TO FOLL[ IT TO ! V]Y 5D4  

,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE REMA9$ SIL5T1 & 9 !IR NAME --- 9 ! GUISE ( MORTAL COMBAT ) C\NT]-REVOLUTION --- ! GOV]NM5T 9ITIAT$ ! MO/ M]CILESS W>F>E AGA9/ ALL POLITICAL OPPON5TS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,EV]Y VE/IGE ( LIB]TY WAS TORN \T BY ! ROOTS4 ,FRE$OM ( ?\<T1 ( ! PRESS1 ( PUBLIC ASSEMBLY1 SELF-DET]M9ATION ( ! WORK] & ( HIS UNIONS1 ! FRE$OM ( LABOR --- ALL W]E DECL>$ OLD RUBBI%1 DOCTR9AIRE NONS5SE1 0B\RGEOIS PREJUDICES01 OR 9TRIGUES ( REVIV+ C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,SCI5CE1 >T1 $UCATION FELL UND] SUSPICION4 ,SCI5CE IS TO 9VE/IGATE & TEA* ONLY ! TRU?S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE3 ! S*OOLS & UNIV]SITIES >E SPE$ILY TRANS=M$ 9TO ,P>TY S*OOLS4  

,ELECTION CAMPAIGNS1 AS = 9/ANCE ! REC5T REELECTIONS TO ! ,MOSC[ ,SOVIET 7#a#i#b#a71 9VOLVE ! >RE/ & IMPRISONM5T ( OPPOSITION C&IDATES :O >E NOT FAVOR$ BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,) 5TIRE IMPUNITY ! GOV]NM5T EXPOSES NON-,COMMUNI/ C&IDATES TO PUBLIC 9SULT & D]ISION ON ! PAGES ( ! (FICIAL NEWSPAP]S PA/$ ON BULLET9 BO>DS4 ,BY NUMB]LESS /RATAGEMS ! ELECTORS >E CAJOL$ & M5AC$1 9 TURN1 & ! RESULT ( ! SO-CALL$ ELECTIONS IS ! COMPLETE P]V]SION ( ! PEOPLE'S WILL4  

,/ATE T]RORISM IS EX]CIS$ ?R\< GOV]NM5T ORGANS KN[N AS ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS4 ,VE/$ ) UNLIMIT$ P[]S1 9DEP5D5T ( ANY CONTROL & PRACTICALLY IRRESPONSIBLE1 POSSESS+ !IR [N 0SIMPLIFI$0 =MS ( 9VE/IGATION & PROC$URE1 ) A NUM]\S /AFF ( IGNORANT1 CORRUPT & BRUTAL AG5TS1 !SE ,COMMISSIONS HAVE )9 A %ORT TIME BECOME NOT ONLY ! T]ROR ( ACTUAL OR FANCI$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 BUT ALSO --- & MU* MORE SO --- ! MO/ VIRUL5T ULC] ON ! REVOLUTION>Y BODY ( ! C\NTRY4  

,! ALL-P]VAD+ SECRET POLICE ME?ODS1 ! 9SEP>ABLE FROM !M SY/EM ( PROVOCATION1 ! DIVISION ( ! POPULATION 9TO WELL-MEAN+ & ILL-DISPOS$1 HAVE GRADUALLY TRANS=M$ ! ,/RUGGLE = ! NEW WORLD 9TO AN UNBRIDL$ DEBAU* ( ESPIONAGE1 PILLAGE & VIOL5CE4  

,NO REACTION>Y REGIME EV] DOM9AT$ ! LIFE & LIB]TY ( ITS CITIZ5S ) SU* >BITR>9ESS & DESPOTISM AS ! ALLEG$ 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT04 ,AS 9 ! OLD DAYS ( ,CZ>ISM1 ! 0OKHRANKA0 7SECRET POLICE SECTION7 RULES ! L&4 ,! ,SOVIET PRISONS >E FILL$ ) SOCIALI/S & REVOLUTIONI/S ( EV]Y %ADE ( POLITICAL OP9ION4 ,PHYSICAL VIOL5CE T[>D POLITICAL PRISON]S & HUNG] /RIKES 9 PRISON >E AGA9 ! ORD] ( ! DAY4 ,SUMM>Y EXECUTIONS1 NOT ONLY ( 9DIVIDUALS BUT 5 MASSE1 >E COMMON OCCURR5CES4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,/ATE HAS NOT SCRUPL$ TO RESORT TO A MEASURE :I* EV5 ! MO/ BRUTAL B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS DID NOT D>E TO USE3 ! SY/EM ( HO/AGES4 ,RELATION%IP OR EV5 CASUAL FRI5D%IP IS SUFFICI5T GR\ND = M]CILESS P]SECUTION &1 QUITE FREQU5TLY1 = CAPITAL PUNI%M5T4  

,GROSS & B>B>IC CONTEMPT = ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y HUMAN RI<TS HAS BECOME AN AXIOM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,GOV]NM5T4  

,) LOGICAL 9EVITABILITY ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS HAVE GRADUALLY GR[N 9TO A MON/R\S AUTOCRATIC ME*ANISM1 9DEP5D5T & UNACC\NTABLE1 ) P[] OV] LIFE & DEA?4 ,APPEAL IS IMPOSSIBLE1 NON-EXI/5T4 ,EV5 ! SUPREME ORGANS ( ,/ATE AU?ORITY >E P[]LESS BE=E ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS1 AS PROV5 BY BITT] EXP]I5CE4  

"9"9"9  

  

,! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY IS NOT 9 ! HABIT ( SCORN+ ANY P]V]SION ( TRU? TO /IGMATIZE EV]Y ANTI-,BOL%EVIK CRITICISM OR PROTE/ AS 0CONSPIRACY0 ( ONE ( ! 0RI<T0 SOCIALI/ P>TIES3 ( ! SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC ,M5%EVIKI & ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,?US ! ,COMMUNI/S SEEK TO JU/IFY BRUTAL REPRESSIONS AGA9/ ! 0RI<T ELEM5TS04 ,9 REG>D TO ! ,AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 ,BOL%EVI/ T]RORISM CANNOT BE 0JU/IFI$0 BY SU* MEANS4  

,IT IS APROPOS H]E TO SKET*1 ?\< V]Y BRIEFLY1 ! MUTUAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ,AN>*ISM & ,BOL%EVISM DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTION4  

,:51 9 ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,REVOLUTION 7#a#i#a#g71 ! LABOR+ MASSES BEGAN ! DE/RUCTION ( ! SY/EM ( PRIVATE [N]%IP & ( GOV]NM5T1 ! ,AN>*I/S WORK$ %\LD] TO %\LD] ) !M4 ,! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION 9/9CTIVELY FOLL[$ ! PA? M>K$ \T BY ! GREAT POPUL> \TBUR/1 NATURALLY REFLECT+ ,AN>*I/ T5D5CIES4 ,! ,REVOLUTION DE/ROY$ ! OLD ,/ATE ME*ANISM & PROCLAIM$ 9 POLITICAL LIFE ! PR9CIPLE ( ! F$]ATION ( SOVIETS4 ,IT EMPLOY$ ! ME?OD ( DIRECT EXPROPRIATION TO ABOLI% PRIVATE CAPITALI/IC [N]%IP3 ! PEASANTS & WORK]S EXPROPRIAT$ ! L&LORDS1 *AS$ ! F9ANCI]S FROM ! BANKS1 SEIZ$ ! FACTORIES1 M9ES1 MILLS & %OPS4 ,9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION ! ,REVOLUTION E/ABLI%$ ! PR9CIPLE ( ! F$]ATION ( %OP & FACTORY COMMITTEES = ! MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION4 ,H\SE COMMITTEES LOOK$ AFT] ! PROP] ASSIGNM5T ( LIV+ QU>T]S4  

,9 ?IS E>LY PHASE ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,AN>*I/S AID$ ! PEOPLE ) ALL ! P[] AT !IR COMM&1 & WORK$ H& 9 H& ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 SUPPORT+ & /R5G!N+ ! NEW PR9CIPLES4 ,AMONG ! LEGION ( 5?USIA/IC FI<T]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 :O TO ! 5D REMA9$ TRUE TO ! IDEALS & ME?ODS ( ,AN>*ISM1 WE MAY P>TICUL>LY M5TION H]E ,JU/9 ,ZHOOK1 ! F\ND] ( ! FAM\S ,S*LUESSELBURG P[D] MILL1 :O LO/ HIS LIFE :ILE P]=M+ REVOLUTION>Y MILIT>Y DUTY2 ALSO ,ZHELESNYAKOV1 :O ) R>E /R5G? & C\RAGE DISP]S$ ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 & :O AFT]W>DS FELL FI<T+ AGA9/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9VASION4  

,BUT AS SOON AS ! ,BOL%EVIKI SUCCE$$ 9 GA9+ CONTROL ( ! MOVEM5T ( ! MASSES1 ! WORK ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION SUFF]$ A %>P *ANGE 9 ITS *>ACT] & =MS4  

,FROM N[ ON ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 UND] COV] ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 USE EV]Y EF=T TO BUILD UP A C5TRALIZ$ BUREAUCRATIC ,/ATE4 ,ALL :O 9T]PRET$ ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION AS1 PRIM>ILY1 ! SELF-DET]M9ATION ( ! MASSES1 ! 9TRODUCTION ( FREE1 NON-GOV]NM5TAL ,COMMUNISM1 --- !Y >E H5CE=? DOOM$ TO P]SECUTION4 ,?IS P]SECUTION WAS DIRECT$1 FIR/ ( ALL1 AGA9/ ! CRITICS FROM 0! LEFT01 ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#h1 ! RUL+ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DECID$ TO ABOLI% ALL ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,)\T W>N+1 ON ! NI<T ( ,APRIL #a#b?1 ! ,AN>*I/ CLUB ( ,MOSC[ WAS SURR\ND$ BY >TILL]Y & MA*9E GUNS1 & ?OSE PRES5T ON ! PREMISES ORD]$ TO SURR5D]4 ,FIRE WAS OP5$ ON ?OSE RESI/+4 ,! ,AN>*I/ QU>T]S W]E RAID$1 & ! FOLL[+ DAY ! 5TIRE ,AN>*I/ PRESS WAS SUPPRESS$4  

,S9CE !N ! P]SECUTION ( ,AN>*I/S & ( !IR ORGANIZATIONS HAS ASSUM$ A SY/EMATIC *>ACT]4 ,ON ! ONE H& \R COMRADES W]E P]I%+ ON ! MILIT>Y FRONTS1 FI<T+ C\NT]-REVOLUTION2 ON ! O!R1 !Y W]E /RUCK D[N BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE BY MEANS ( ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS 7,T*EKA74  

,! FUR!R ! RUL+ ,P>TY DEP>T$ FROM ! PA? M>K$ \T BY ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION1 ! MORE DET]M9$LY IT OPPRESS$ ! O!R REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS & P>TICUL>LY ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#a#h1 ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S1 HELD 9 ,MOSC[1 WAS >RE/$ 9 CORPORE4 ,! O!R ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS W]E BROK5 UP & T]RORIZ$4 ,BECAUSE ( ! TOTAL IMPOSSIBILITY ( LEGAL ACTIVITY1 SOME ,AN>*I/S DECID$ TO 0GO UND]GR\ND04 ,SEV]AL ( !M1 9 COOP]ATION ) SOME LEFT ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTIONI/S1 RESORT$ TO T]RORISM4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#e1 #a#i#a#i1 !Y EXPLOD$ A BOMB 9 ! BUILD+ 7,LEONTEVSKY ,P]EULOK7 9 :I* ! ,MOSC[ ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY WAS 9 SESSION4 ,! ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS ( ,MOSC[1 NOT CONSID]+ T]RORISM A SOLUTION ( ! DIFFICULTIES1 PUBLICLY EXPRESS$ DISAPPROVAL ( ! TACTICS ( ! UND]GR\ND GR\P4 ,! GOV]NM5T1 H[EV]1 REPLI$ ) REPRESSIONS AGA9/ ALL ,AN>*I/S4 ,MANY MEMB]S ( ! UND]GR\ND GR\P W]E EXECUT$1 A NUMB] ( ,MOSC[ ,AN>*I/S W]E >RE/$1 & 9 ! PROV9CES EV]Y EXPRESSION ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS SUPPRESS$4 ,! F9D+1 DUR+ A SE>*1 ( SU* ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE AS ! WORKS ( ,KROPOTK9 OR ,BAKUN91 L$ TO >RE/4  

,ONLY 9 ! ,UKRA9A1 :]E ! P[] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI WAS COMP>ATIVELY WEAK1 [+ TO ! WIDE-SPREAD REBEL-PEASANT MOVEM5T KN[N AS ! ,MAKHNOV/S*9A 7FROM ITS LEAD]1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,MAKHNO71 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T CONT9U$ TO SOME EXT5T ACTIVE4 ,! ADVANCE ( ,WRANGEL 9TO ! HE>T ( ! ,UKRA9A & ! 9ABILITY ( ! ,R$ ,>MY TO HALT HIS PROGRESS1 CAUS$ ,MAKHNO TEMPOR>ILY TO SUSP5D HIS /RUGGLE ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI = FREE ,SOVIETS & ! SELF-DET]M9ATION ( ! LABOR+ MASSES4 ,HE (F]$ HIS HELP TO ! ,BOL%EVIKI TO FI<T ! COMMON 5EMY ,WRANGEL4 ,! (F] WAS ACCEPT$1 & A CONTRACT (FICIALLY CONCLUD$ BETWE5 ! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T & ! >MY ( ,MAKHNO4  

,WRANGEL WAS DEFEAT$ & HIS >MY DISP]S$1 ) ,MAKHNO PLAY+ NO 9CONSID]ABLE P>T 9 ?IS GREAT MILIT>Y TRIUMPH4 ,BUT ) ! LIQUIDATION ( ,WRANGEL1 ,MAKHNO BECAME UNNECESS>Y & DANG]\S TO ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,IT WAS DECID$ TO GET RID ( HIM1 TO PUT AN 5D TO 0,MAKLMOV/S*9A01 &1 9CID5TALLY1 DISPOSE ( ! ,AN>*I/S AT L>GE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T BETRAY$ ,MAKHNO3 ! ,R$ =CES TREA*]\SLY SURR\ND$ ,MAKHNO'S >MY DEM&+ SURR5D]4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ALL ! DELEGATES :O HAD >RIV$ 9 ,KH>KOV TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS1 = :I* (FICIAL P]MISSION HAD BE5 GIV51 W]E >RE/$1 AS WELL AS ! ,AN>*I/S RESID5T 9 ,KH>KOV & ! COMRADES /ILL 5 R\TE TO ! ,CONGRESS4  

,YET1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! PROVOCATIVE & T]RORI/IC TACTICS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI AGA9/ !M1 ! ,AN>*I/S ( ,RUSSIA REFRA9$1 DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD ( CIVIL W>1 FROM PROTE/+ TO ! WORK]S ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA --- AYE1 EV5 TO ?OSE ( ,RUSSIA ITSELF --- FE>+ ?AT SU* ACTION MI<T BE PREJUDICIAL TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ?AT IT MAY AID ! COMMON 5EMY1 WORLD IMP]IALISM4  

,BUT ) ! T]M9ATION ( CIVIL W> ! POSITION ( ! ,AN>*I/S GREW EV5 WORSE4 ,! NEW POLICY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI ( OP5 COMPROMISE ) ! B\RGEOIS WORLD BECAME CLE>]1 MORE DEF9ITE1 & EV] %>P] !IR BREAK ) ! REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,AN>*ISM1 TILL !N (T5 MASK$ BY ! EXCUSE ( FI<T+ 0B&ITISM 9 ! GUISE ( ,AN>*ISM01 N[ BECAME OP5 & FRANK W>F>E AGA9/ ,AN>*I/ IDEALS & IDEAS1 AS SU*4  

,! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS (F]$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI ! DESIR$ PRETEXT = COMPLETELY 0LIQUIDAT+0 ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,:OLESALE >RE/S W]E 9/ITUT$ ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA4 ,IRRESPECTIVE ( FACTIONAL ADH]5CE1 PRACTICALLY ALL KN[N ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S W]E TAK5 9TO ! POLICE NET4 ,TO ?IS DAY ALL ( !M REMA9 9 PRISON1 )\T ANY *>GES HAV+ BE5 PREF]R$ AGA9/ !M4 ,9 ! NI<T ( ,APRIL #b#e?-#b#f?1 #a#i#b#a1 ALL ! POLITICAL PRISON]S 9 ! ,BOOTIRKA PRISON 7,MOSC[71 TO ! NUMB] ( OV] #d1 CONSI/+ ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! RI<T & LEFT W+S ( SOCIALI/ P>TIES & MEMB]S ( ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 W]E =CIBLY TAK5 FROM ! PRISON & TRANSF]R$4 ,ON ?AT OCCASION MANY ( ! PRISON]S SUFF]$ BRUTAL VIOL5CE3 WOM5 W]E DRAGG$ D[N ! /EPS BY !IR HAIR1 & A NUMB] ( ! POLITICALS SU/A9$ S]I\S 9JURIES4 ,! PRISON]S W]E DIVID$ 9TO SEV]AL GR\PS & S5T TO V>I\S PRISONS 9 ! PROV9CES4 ,( !IR FUR!R FATE WE HAVE SO F> BE5 UNABLE TO RECEIVE DEF9ITE 9=MATION4"97  

,?US DID ! ,BOL%EVIKI REPLY TO ! REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM & DEEP FAI? :I* 9SPIR$ ! MASSES 9 ! BEG9N+ ( !IR GREAT /RUGGLE = LIB]TY & JU/ICE --- A REPLY ?AT EXPRESS$ ITSELF 9 ! POLICY ( COMPROMISE ABROAD & T]RORISM AT HOME4  

,?IS POLICY PROV$ FATAL3 IT CORRUPT$ & DIS9TEGRAT$ ! ,REVOLUTION1 POISON$ IT1 /AY$ ITS S\L1 DE/ROY$ ITS MORAL1 SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,BY ITS DESPOTISM2 BY /UBBORN1 PETTY PAT]NALISM2 BY ! P]FIDY :I* REPLAC$ ITS =M] REVOLUTION>Y IDEALISM2 BY ITS /IFL+ =MALISM & CRIM9AL 9DIFF]5CE TO ! 9T]E/S & ASPIRATIONS ( ! MASSES2 BY ITS C[>DLY SUSPICION & DI/RU/ ( ! PEOPLE AT L>GE1 ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 HOPELESSLY CUT ITSELF (F FROM ! LABOR+ MASSES4  

,?RU/ BACK FROM DIRECT P>TICIPATION 9 ! CON/RUCTIVE WORK ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 H>ASS$ AT EV]Y /EP1 ! VICTIM ( CON/ANT SUP]VISION & CONTROL BY ! ,P>TY1 ! PROLET>IAT IS BECOM+ ACCU/OM$ TO CONSID] ! ,REVOLUTION & ITS FUR!R =TUNES AS ! PRIVATE1 P]SONAL AFFAIR ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,9 VA9 DOES ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SEEK BY EV] NEW DECREES TO PRES]VE ITS HOLD UPON ! C\NTRY'S LIFE4 ,! PEOPLE HAVE SE5 ?R\< ! RE> MEAN+ ( ! ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,!Y KN[ ITS N>R[1 SELFI% DOGMATISM1 ITS C[>DLY OPPORTUNISM2 !Y >E AW>E ( ITS 9T]NAL DECAY1 ITS 9TRIGUES BEH9D ! SC5ES4  

,9 ! L& :]E1 AFT] ?REE YE>S ( TREM5D\S EF=T1 ( T]RIBLE & H]OIC SACRIFICE1 !RE %\LD HAVE COME TO BLOOM ! WOND]-FL[] ( ,COMMUNISM1 --- ALAS1 EV5 ITS WI!R$ BUDS >E KILL$ 9 DI/RU/1 APA?Y1 & 5MITY4  

  

,?US CAME AB\T ! ]A ( REVOLUTION>Y /AGNATION1 ( /]ILITY1 :I* CANNOT BE CUR$ BY ANY POLITICAL P>TY ME?ODS1 & :I* DEMON/RATES ! COMPLETE SOCIAL ATROPHY4  

,! SWAMP ( COMPROMISE 9TO :I* ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP HAD SUNK PROV$ FATAL TO ! ,REVOLUTION3 IT BECAME POISON$ BY ITS NOXI\S MIASMA4 ,9 VA9 DO ! ,BOL%EVIKI PO9T TO ! IMP]IALI/IC WORLD W> AS ! CAUSE ( ,RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC BREAKD[N2 9 VA9 DO !Y ASCRIBE IT TO ! BLOCKADE & ! ATTACKS ( >M$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,NOT 9 !M IS ! REAL S\RCE ( ! COLLAPSE & DEBACLE4  

,NO BLOCKADE1 NO W>S ) =EIGN REACTION C\LD DISMAY OR CONQU] ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE :OSE UNEXAMPL$ H]OISM1 SELF-SACRIFICE & P]SEV]ANCE DEFEAT$ ALL ITS EXT]NAL 5EMIES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS PROBABLE ?AT CIVIL W> REALLY HELP$ ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,IT S]V$ TO KEEP ALIVE POPUL> 5?USIASM & NURTUR$ ! HOPE ?AT1 ) ! 5D ( W>1 ! RUL+ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WILL MAKE EFFECTIVE ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES & SECURE ! PEOPLE 9 ! 5JOYM5T ( ! FRUITS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! MASSES LOOK$ =W>D TO ! YE>N$-= OPPORTUNITY = SOCIAL & ECONOMIC LIB]TY4 ,P>ADOXICAL AS IT MAY S\ND1 ! ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP HAD NO BETT] ALLY1 9 ! S5SE ( /R5G!N+ & PROLONG+ ITS LIFE1 ?AN ! REACTION>Y =CES :I* F\<T AGA9/ IT4  

,IT WAS ONLY ! T]M9ATION ( ! W>S :I* P]MITT$ A FULL VIEW ( ! ECONOMIC & PSY*OLOGIC DEMORALIZATION TO :I* ! BL9DLY DESPOTIC POLICY ( ! DICTATOR%IP BR\<T ! REVOLUTION>Y C\NTRY4 ,!N IT BECAME EVID5T ?AT ! MO/ =MIDABLE DANG] TO ! ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT \TSIDE1 BUT )9 ! C\NTRY3 A DANG] RESULT+ FROM ! V]Y NATURE ( ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC >RANGEM5TS :I* *>ACT]IZE ! PRES5T 0TRANSITORY /AGE04  

,WE FULLY REALIZE ! GROSS ]ROR ( ! !ORETICIANS ( B\RGEOIS POLITICAL ECONOMY :O WILLFULLY IGNORE ! /UDY 

 ( .<HI/ORICAL.> EVOLUTION FROM ! HI/ORICO-SOCIAL VIEWPO9T1 & /UPIDLY CONF\ND ! SY/EM ( ,/ATE CAPITALISM ) ?AT ( ! SOCIALI/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKI >E QUITE RI<T :5 ! 9SI/ ?AT ! TWO TYPES ( SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T >E 0DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ 9 !IR ESS5TIAL *>ACT]40 ,H[EV]1 IT W]E WRONG & USELESS TO PRET5D ?AT SU* A =M ( 9DU/RIAL LIFE AS EXPRESS$ 9 ! PRES5T SY/EM ( PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP IS ANY?+ ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM ,/ATE CAPITALISM4  

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 AS IT ACTUALLY EXI/S1 IS 9 NO S5SE DIFF]5T FROM ,/ATE CAPITALISM4  

,! DI/9CTIVE *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! LATT] --- 9H]5T SOCIAL ANTAGONISMS --- >E ABOLI%$ ONLY =MALLY 9 ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC4 ,9 REALITY ?OSE ANTAGONISMS EXI/ & >C V]Y DEEP-SEAT$ ,! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR1 ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! WORK] & PEASANT1 ! CANCELLATION ( ! CITIZ5 AS A HUMAN BE+1 AS A P]SONALITY1 & HIS TRANS=MATION 9TO A MICROSCOPIC P>T ( ! UNIV]SAL ECONOMIC ME*ANISM [N$ BY ! GOV]NM5T2 ! CREATION ( PRIVILEG$ GR\PS FAVOR$ BY ! ,/ATE2 ! SY/EM ( COMPULSORY LABOR S]VICE & ITS PUNITIVE ORGANS --- SU* >E ! *>ACT]I/IC FEATURES ( ,/ATE CAPITALISM4  

,ALL !SE FEATURES >E ALSO TO BE F\ND 9 ! PRES5T ,RUSSIAN SY/EM4 ,IT W]E UNP>DONABLE NAIVETY1 OR /ILL MORE UNP>DONABLE HYPOCRISY1 TO PRET5D --- AS DO ,BOL%EVIK !ORETICIANS1 ESPECIALLY ,BUKH>9 --- ?AT UNIV]SAL COMPULSORY LABOR S]VICE 9 ! SY/EM ( ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP IS1 9 CONTRADI/9CTION TO ,/ATE CAPITALISM1 0! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES = PURPOSES ( LABOR01 OR ?AT ! EXI/+ 0MOBILIZATION ( 9DU/RY IS ! /R5G!N+ ( SOCIALISM01 & ?AT 0,/ATE ,CO]CION 9 ! SY/EM ( PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP IS A MEANS ( BUILD+ ! ,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY04  

,A YE> AGO ,TROTSKY1 AT ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,RUSSIA1 ?UND]$ AGA9/ ! 0B\RGEOIS NOTION0 ?AT COMPULSORY LABOR IS NOT PRODUCTIVE4 ,HE S\<T 

 TO CONV9CE HIS AUDI5CE ?AT ! MA9 PROBLEM IS TO 0DRAW ! WORK] 9TO ! PROCESS ( LABOR1 NOT BY EXT]NAL ME?ODS ( CO]CION1 BUT BY MEANS 9T]NAL1 PSY*OLOGICAL04 ,BUT :5 HE APPROA*$ ! CONCRETE APPLICATION ( ?IS PR9CIPLE1 BE ADVOCAT$ A 0V]Y COMPLEX SY/EM1 9VOLV+ ME?ODS ( AN E?ICAL NATURE1 AS WELL AS PREMIUMS & PUNI%M5T1 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR 9 CONSONANCE ) ?OSE PR9CIPLES ( COMPULSION ACCORD+ TO :I* WE >E CON/RUCT+ \R :OLE ECONOMIC LIFE04  

,! EXP]IM5T WAS MADE1 & IT GAVE SURPRIS+ RESULTS4 ,:E!R ! OLD 0B\RGEOIS NOTION0 PROV$ CORRECT1 OR ! NEWE/ SOCIALISM WAS P[]LESS 09T]NALLY1 PSY*OLOGICALLY COMPULSORY0 TO 0DRAW ! WORK] 9TO ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION01 BY MEANS ( PREMIUMS1 PUNI%M5T1 ETC41 AT ANY RATE1 ! WORK] REFUS$ TO BE SN>$ BY ! TEMPT+ =MULA ( 0PYS*OLOGIC CO]CION04 ,EVID5TLY ! IDEOLOGY AS WELL AS ! PRACTICE ( ,BOL%EVISM CONV9C$ ! TOIL]S ?AT ! SOCIO- ECONOMIC IDEALS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI >E 9CID5TALLY ALSO A /EP =W>D 9 ! MORE 9T5SIVE EXPLOITATION ( LABOR4 ,= ,BOL%EVISM1 F> FROM SAV+ ! C\NTRY FROM RU9 & 9 NO WAY IMPROV+ ! CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE = ! MASSES1 IS ATTEMPT+ TO TURN ! S]F ( YE/]DAY 9TO A COMPLETE SLAVE4 ,H[ LITTLE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE IS CONC]N$ AB\T ! WORK]S' WELL-BE+ IS SE5 FROM ! /ATEM5T ( A PROM95T ,COMMUNI/ DELEGATE TO ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,P>TY3 0,UP TILL N[ ,SOVIET POLICY HAS BE5 *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! COMPLETE ABS5CE ( ANY PLAN TO IMPROVE ! LIV+ CONDITIONS ( LABOR04 ,& FUR!R3 0,ALL ?AT WAS DONE 9 ?AT REG>D HAPP5$ ACCID5TALLY1 OR WAS DONE BY FITS & />TS1 BY LOCAL AU?ORITIES UND] PRESSURE ( ! MASSES !MSELVES04  

,IS ?IS1 !N1 ! SY/EM ( PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP OR ,/ATE CAPITALISM8  

,*A9$ TO !IR WORK1 DEPRIV$ ( ! RI<T TO LEAVE ! JOB ON PA9 ( PRISON OR SUMM>Y EXECUTION = 0LABOR DES]TION02 BOSS$ & SPI$ UPON BY ,P>TY OV]SE]S2 DIVID$ 9TO QUALIFI$ %EEP 7>TISANS7 & UNQUALIFI$ GOATS 

 7LABOR]S7 RECEIV+ UNEQUAL FOOD RATIONS2 HUNGRY & 9SUFFICI5TLY CLAD1 DEPRIV$ ( ! RI<T TO PROTE/ OR /RIKE --- SU* >E ! MOD]N PROLET>IANS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,IS ?IS 0SELF - ORGANIZATION0 ( ! TOIL+ MASSES NOT A /EP BACKW>D1 A RETURN TO FEUDAL S]FDOM OR NEGRO SLAV]Y8 ,IS ! H& ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE EXECUTION] LESS RU?LESS ?AN ! :IP ( ! PLANTATION BOSS8 ,ONLY S*OLA/ICISM OR BL9D FANATICISM CAN SEE 9 ?IS1 ! MO/ GRIEV\S =M ( SLAV]Y1 ! EMANCIPATION ( LABOR OR EV5 ! LEA/ APPROA* TO IT4  

,IT IS ! HEI<T ( TRAG$Y ?AT ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 5ME%$ 9 LOGICAL ANTI!SES1 C\LD GIVE TO ! WORLD NO?+ BETT] ?AN ! 9T5SIFICATION ( ! EVILS ( ! V]Y SY/EM :OSE ANTAGONISMS PRODUC$ SOCIALISM4  

,! ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP APPLIES ! SAME POLICY1 9 EV]Y DETAIL1 ALSO TO ! PEASANTRY4 ,H]E1 TOO1 ! ,/ATE IS ! UNIV]SAL MA/]4 ,! SAME POLICY ( COMPULSORY LABOR S]VICE1 ( OPPRESSION1 SPY+1 & SY/EMATIC EXPROPRIATION ( ! FRUITS ( ! PEASANT'S TOIL3 ! =M] ME?OD ( REQUISITION :I* FREQU5TLY /RIPP$ ! PEASANTS EV5 ( ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE2 OR ! NEWLY 9ITIAT$1 BUT NO LESS PR$ATORY1 FOOD TAX2 TILE S5SELESS1 5ORM\S WA/E ( FOOD/UFFS DUE TO ! CUMBR\S SY/EM ( C5TRALIZATION & ! ,BOL%EVIK FOOD POLICY2 ! DOOM+ ( :OLE PEASANT DI/RICTS TO SL[ />VATION1 DISEASE & DEA?2 PUNITIVE EXP$ITIONS1 MASSACR+ PEASANT FAMILIES BY ! :OLESALE & RAZ+ 5TIRE VILLAGES TO ! GR\ND = ! SLI<TE/ RESI/ANCE TO ! PLUND]+ POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP --- SU* >E ! ME?ODS ( ,BOL%EVIK RULE4  

,?US1 NEI!R ECONOMIC NOR POLITICAL EXPLOITATION ( ! 9DU/RIAL & AGR>IAN PROLET>IAT HAS CEAS$4 ,ONLY ITS =MS HAVE *ANG$3 =M]LY EXPLOITATION WAS PURELY CAPITALI/IC2 N[1 LABEL$ 0WORK]S' & PEASANTS' GOV]NM5T0 & *RI/5$ 0COMMUNI/ ECONOMY01 IT IS ,/ATE CAPITALI/IC4  

,BUT ?IS MOD]N SY/EM ( ,/ATE CAPITALISM IS P]NICI\S NOT ONLY BECAUSE IT DEGRADES ! LIV+ HUMAN 9TO A S\LLESS 

 MA*9E4 ,IT CONTA9S ANO!R1 NO LESS DE/RUCTIVE1 ELEM5T4 ,BY ITS V]Y NATURE ?IS SY/EM IS EXTREMELY AGGRESSIVE4 ,F> FROM ABOLI%+ MILIT>ISM1 9 ! N>R[ S5SE ( ! T]M1 IT APPLIES ! PR9CIPLE ( MILIT>IZATION --- ) ALL ITS ATTRIBUTES ( ME*ANICAL DISCIPL9E1 IRRESPONSIBLE AU?ORITY & REPRESSION --- TO EV]Y PHASE ( HUMAN EF=T4  

,SOCIALI/ MILIT>ISM IS NOT ONLY ADMITT$1 BUT DEF5D$ & JU/IFI$ BY ! !ORETICIANS ( ! ,P>TY4 ,?US ,BUKH>9 9 HIS WORK ON ! 0,ECONOMICS ( ! ,TRANSITION ,P]IOD0 WRITES3 0,! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T1 :5 WAG+ W>1 SEEKS TO BROAD5 & /R5G!N ! ECONOMIC F\NDATIONS ON :I* IT IS BUILT --- ?AT IS1 SOCIALI/ =MS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9CID5TALLY1 IT IS CLE> FROM ?IS ?AT1 9 PR9CIPLE1 EV5 AN AGGRESSIVE REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ W> IS P]MISSIBLE04 ,&1 9DE$1 WE >E ALREADY FAMILI> ) SOME IMP]IALI/IC PRET5SIONS ( ! 0WORK]S0 DICTATOR%IP4  

,?US ! 0B\RGEOIS PREJUDICES0 KICK$ \T ?R\< ! W9D[ RE5T] ?R\< ! DOOR4  

,IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! MILIT>ISM ( ! 0LABOR0 DICTATOR%IP1 LIKE ANY O!R MILIT>ISM1 NECESSITATES ! =MATION ( A GIGANTIC >MY ( NON-PRODUC]S4 ,MOREOV]1 SU* AN >MY & ALL ITS V>I\S ORGANS MU/ BE SUPPLI$ ) TE*NICAL RES\RCES & MEANS ( EXI/5CE1 :I* PUTS ADDITIONAL BURD5S ON ! PRODUC]S1 ?AT IS1 ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS4  

,ANO!R & ! MO/ MOM5T\S 9T]NAL DANG] IS ! DICTATOR%IP ITSELF4 ,! DICTATOR%IP :I*1 DESPOTIC & RU?LESS1 HAS ALI5AT$ ITSELF FROM ! LABOR+ MASSES1 HAS /RANGL$ 9ITIATIVE & LIB]TY1 SUPPRESS$ ! CREATIVE SPIRIT ( ! V]Y ELEM5TS :I* BORE ! BRUNT ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & IS SL[LY BUT EFFECTIVELY 9/ILL+ ITS POISON 9 ! HE>TS & M9DS ( ,RUSSIA4  

,?US DOES ! DICTATOR%IP ITSELF S[ C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,NOT CONSPIRACIES FROM )\T1 NOT ! CAMPAIGNS ( ! ,D5IK9S & ,WRANGELS >E ! ,DAMOCLES 

 SWORD ( ,RUSSIA4 ,! REAL & GREATE/ DANG] IS ?AT C\NTRY-WIDE DISILLUSIONM5T1 RES5TM5T & HATR$ ( ,BOL%EVIK DESPOTISM1 ?AT C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ATTITUDE ( ! PEOPLE AT L>GE1 :I* IS ! LEGITIMATE (FSPR+ ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP ITSELF4 

,EV5 9 ! RANKS ( ! PROLET>IAT IS RIP5+1 ) CUMULATIVE =CE1 ! PROTE/ AGA9/ ! REACTION>Y 0BIG /ICK0 POLICY ( ,BOL%EVISM4  

"9"9"9  

,! ORGANIZ$ LABOR MOVEM5T ( ,RUSSIA DEVELOP$ IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION4 ,! =MATION ( %OP & FACTORY COMMITTEES WAS ! FIR/ /EP T[>D ACTUAL CONTROL BY LABOR ( ! ACTIVITIES ( ! CAPITALI/ [N]S4 ,SU* CONTROL1 H[EV]1 C\LD NOT BE G5]AL )\T COORD9AT+ ! WORK ( ALL O!R SIMIL> COMMITTEES1 & ?US CAME TO LIFE ,SOVIETS1 OR ,G5]AL ,C\NCILS1 ( %OP & FACTORY COMMITTEES1 & !IR ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS4  

,9 ?IS MANN] ! %OP & FACTORY COMMITTEES 7ZAHVKOMY7 W]E ! PIONE]S 9 LABOR CONTROL ( 9DU/RY1 ) ! PROSPECT ( !MSELVES1 9 ! NE> FUTURE1 MANAG+ ! 9DU/RIES 5TIRE4 ,! LABOR UNIONS1 ON ! O!R H&1 W]E 5GAG$ 9 IMPROV+ ! LIV+ CONDITIONS & CULTURAL 5VIRONM5T ( !IR MEMB]%IP4  

,BUT AFT] ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION ! SITUATION *ANG$4 ,! C5TRALIZATION ME?ODS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP P5ETRAT$ ALSO 9TO ! UNIONS4 ,! AUTONOMY ( ! %OP COMMITTEES WAS N[ DECL>$ SUP]FLU\S4 ,! LABOR UNIONS W]E REORGANIZ$ ON 9DU/RIAL PR9CIPLES1 ) ! %OP COMMITTEE EMASCULAT$ 9TO A M]E 0EMBRYO0 ( ! UNION1 & 5TIRELY SUBJECT$ TO ! AU?ORITY ( ! C5TRAL ORGANS4 ,?US ALL 9DEP5D5CE ( ACTION1 ALL 9ITIATIVE WAS TORN FROM ! H&S ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES & TRANSF]R$ TO ! UNION BUREAUCRACY4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS POLICY WAS ! COMPLETE 9DIFF]5CE ( ! WORK]S TO !IR UNIONS & TO ! FATE ( ! 9DU/RIES4  

  

,!N ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BEGAN TO FILL ! LABOR UNIONS ) ITS [N P>TY MEMB]S4 ,!Y OCCUPI$ ! UNION (FICES4 ,?AT WAS EASILY DONE BECAUSE ALL ! O!R POLITICAL P>TIES W]E \TLAW$ & !RE EXI/$ NO PUBLIC PRESS EXCEPT ! (FICIAL ,BOL%EVIK PUBLICATIONS4 ,NO WOND] ?AT )9 A %ORT TIME ! ,COMMUNI/S PROV$ AN OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY 9 ALL ! PROV9CIAL & C5TRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES1 & HAD 9 !IR H&S ! EXCLUSIVE MANAGEM5T ( ! LABOR UNIONS4 ,!Y USURP$ ! DOM9ANT ROLE 9 EV]Y LABOR BODY1 9CLUD+ EV5 SU* ORGANIZATIONS :]E ! MEMB]%IP 7AS 9 ! ,UNION ( ,SOVIET ,EMPLOYES7 IS MANIFE/LY & MO/ BITT]LY OPPOS$ TO ! ,BO,I%EVIKI4 ,:5EV] AN OCCASIONAL UNION PROV$ REFRACTORY1 AS ! PR9T]S1 = 9/ANCE1 & REFUS$ TO YIELD TO 09T]NAL PSY*OLOGIC P]SUASION01 ! ,COMMUNI/S SOLV$ ! DIFFICULTY BY ! SIMPLE EXP$I5T ( SUSP5D+ ! 5TIRE ADM9I/RATION ( ! UNION4  

,HAV+ GA9$ CONTROL ( ! POLITICAL MA*9]Y ( ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY =M$ 9 EV]Y %OP & FACTORY SMALL GR\PS ( ITS [N MEMB]S1 SO-CALL$ ,COMMUNI/ 0CELLS01 :I* BECAME ! PRACTICAL MA/]S ( ! SITUATION4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ 0CELL0 IS VE/$ ) SU* P[]S ?AT NO ACTION ( ! %OP OR FACTORY COMMITTEE 7EV5 IF ! LATT] CONSI/ (  ,COMMUNI/S7 IS VALID UNLESS SANCTION$ BY ! 0CELL04 ,! HI<E/ ORGAN ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,C5TRAL ,SOVIET ( ,LABOR ,UNIONS1 IS ITSELF UND] ! DIRECT CONTROL ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4  

,L59 & O!R ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S TAKE ! POSITION ?AT ! LABOR UNION MU/ BE1 FIR/ & =EMO/1 A 0S*OOL ( ,COMMUNISM04 ,9 PRACTICE ! ROLE ( ! LABOR UNION 9 ,RUSSIA IS R$UC$ TO ?AT ( AN AUTOMATIC AG5CY = ! EXECUTION ( ! ORD]S ( ! RUL+ ,P>TY4  

,H[EV]1 ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS BECOM+ UNBE>ABLE EV5 TO ?AT LABOR ELEM5T :I* IS /ILL FAI?FUL TO ! COMM&M5TS ( ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM4 ,9 ! RANKS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ITSELF !RE HAS DEVELOP$ AN OPPOSITION 

 MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y GOV]NM5TALISATION ( ! LABOR UNIONS4 ,?IS NEW MOVEM5T1 KN[N AS ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION1 ?\< /ILL LOYAL TO ITS ,COMMUNI/ P>5T1 YET REALIZES ! FULL HORROR ( ! HOPELESS POSITION1 ! 0BL9D ALLEY0 9TO :I* ! CRIM9ALLY /UPID POLICIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI HAVE DRIV5 ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT & ! ,REVOLUTION4  

,! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! GOOD OR?ODOX ,COMMUNI/ ,KOLONTAY AS 0! ADVANCE GU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT1 CLASS CONSCI\S & WELD$ BY ! TIES ( CLASS 9T]E/S01 AN ELEM5T :I* 0HAS NOT E/RANG$ ITSELF FROM ! RANK & FILE ( ! WORK+ MASSES & HAS NOT BECOME LO/ AMONG ,SOVIET (FICE HOLD]S40 ,?IS ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION PROTE/S 0AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRATIZATION1 AGA9/ ! DIFF]5TIATION BETWE5 ! 'UPP]' & ! 'L[]' PEOPLE01 AGA9/ ! EXCESSES ( ! ,P>TY HEGEMONY1 & AGA9/ ! %IFT+ & TWI/+ POLICY ( ! RUL+ C5TRAL P[]4 0,! GREAT CREATIVE & CON/RUCTIVE P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT01 SAYS ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION1 0CANNOT BE REPLAC$1 9 ! TASK ( BUILD+ ! ,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 BY ! M]E EMBLEM ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! WORK+ CLASS01 --- ( ?AT DICTATOR%IP :I* A PROM95T ,COMMUNI/ *>ACT]IZ$ AT ! LA/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AS 0! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,P>TY BUREAUCRACY04  

,9DE$1 ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION IS JU/IFI$ 9 ASK+3 0,>E WE1 ! PROLET>IAT1 REALLY ! BACKBONE ( ! WORK+ CLASS DICTATOR%IP1 OR >E WE TO BE CONSID]$ M]ELY AS A WILL-LESS H]D1 GOOD 5\< ONLY TO C>RY ON \R BACKS SOME P>TY POLITICIANS :O >E PRET5D+ TO RECON/RUCT ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY )\T \R CONTROL1 )\T \R CON/RUCTIVE CLASS SPIRIT80  

,& ?IS ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION1 ACCORD+ TO ,KOLONTAY1 0KEEPS ON GR[+  9 SPITE ( ! DET]M9$ RESI/ANCE ON ! P>T ( ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL LEAD]S ( ! ,P>TY1 & GA9S MORE & MORE ADH]5TS AMONG ! LABOR+ MASSES ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA04  

  

,BUT ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,RUSSIA 7,APRIL1 #a#i#b#a7 PUT ITS DECISIVE VETO ON ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION4 ,H5CE=? IT IS (FICIALLY DOOM$1 DISCUSSION ( ITS IDEAS & PR9CIPLES =BIDD5 BECAUSE ( 0!IR ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ T5D5CY01 AS ,L59 EXPRESS$ HIMSELF4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DECL>$ W> ON ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION4 ,! ,P>TY ,CONGRESS DECID$ ?AT 0PROPAGATION ( ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION IS 9COMPATIBLE ) MEMB]%IP 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY04 ,! DEM& TO TURN ! MANAGEM5T ( ! 9DU/RIES OV] TO ! PROLET>IAT WAS \TLAW$4  

"9"9"9  

,! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION WAS 9ITIAT$ ) ! GREAT BATTLE CRY ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 0,! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES04 ,YET WE SAW ?AT1 :5 ! P]IOD ( CON/RUCTIVE DE/RUCTION HAD PASS$1 :5 ! F\NDATIONS ( ,CZ>ISM HAD BE5 RAZ$1 & ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM ABOLI%$1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ?\<T ITSELF SUFFICI5TLY /RONG TO TAKE 9TO ITS [N H&S ! 5TIRE MANAGEM5T ( ! C\NTRY4 ,IT BEGAN ! $UCATION ( ! WORK]S 9 A SPIRIT ( /RICTE/ AU?ORIT>IANISM1 & /EP BY /EP ! ,SOVIET SY/EM BECAME TRANS=M$ 9TO A BUREAUCRATIC1 PUNITIVE POLICE MA*9E4 ,T]RORISM BECAME ITS LOGICAL1 9EVITABLE H&MAID4  

,G5]AL 9DIFF]5CE & HATR$1 & COMPLETE SOCIAL P>ALYZES1 W]E ! RESULT ( ! GOV]NM5T C\RSE4 ,AN ATMOSPH]E ( SLAVI% SUBMISSION1 AT ONCE REVOLT+ & DISGU/+1 P]VADES ! :OLE C\NTRY4 ,IT /IFLES ALIKE ! OPPRESS$ & ! OPPRESSORS4  

,:AT BOOTS IT ?AT ! SOB] M9D$1 COMPROMISE READY ,L59 BEG9S HIS EV]Y SPEE* ) ! CONFESSION ( ! MANY & S]I\S MI/AKES :I* HAVE BE5 MADE BY ! ,P>TY 9 P[]8 ,NO PIL+ UP ( MI/AKES BY ! 0+5I\S OPPORTUNI/01 AS ,LUNA*>SKY DUBS ,L591 CAN DISMAY ! *AMPIONS ( ,BOL%EVISM 9TOXICAT$ ) !IR ,P>TY'S  

 POLITICAL DOM9ION4 ,! MI/AKES ( !IR LEAD]S BECOME1 9 ! 9T]PRETATION (  ,COMMUNI/ !ORETICIANS & PUBLICI/S1 0EM95T NECESSITY01 & ! CONVULSIVE ATTEMPTS TO CORRECT !M 7! :OLE AGR>IAN POLICY7 >E HAIL$ AS ACTS ( ! GREATE/ WISDOM1 HUMANITY & LOYALTY TO ,BOL%EVIK PR9CIPLES4  

,9 VA9 ! IMPATI5T CRY ( ,KOLONTAY3  0,! FE> ( CRITICISM1 9H]5T 9 \R SY/EM ( BUREAUCRACY1 AT TIMES REA*ES ! PO9T ( C>ICATURE04 ,! ,P>TY ,ELD]S BR& H] A H]ETIC = H] PA9S1 H] PAMPHLET 0,! ,LABOR ,OPPOSITION0 IS PROHIBIT$1 & ,ILLIT* HIMSELF 7,L597 0SETTLES0 H] ) A FEW S>CA/IC P]SONAL SLURS4 ,! SYNDICALI/ 0P]IL0 IS SUPPOS$LY REMOV$4  

,MEAN:ILE ! ,OPPOSITION IS GR[+1 DEEP5+1 SPREAD+ ?R\<\T WORK+ ,RUSSIA4  

,9DE$1 :AT %ALL ! IMP>TIAL OBS]V] ?9K ( ! PECULI> PICTURE PRES5T$ BY ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA8 ,NUM]\S LABOR /RIKES1 ) SCORES ( WORK]S >RE/$ & (T5 SUMM>ILY EXECUT$2 PEASANT UPRIS+S & REVOLTS1 CONT9U\S REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTIONS 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,IS IT NOT A T]RIBLY TRAGIC SITUATION1 A HE9\S ABSURDITY8 ,IS NOT ! REBELLION ( WORK]S & PEASANTS1 H[EV] LACK+ 9 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS 9 SOME CASES1 ACTUAL W> AGA9/ ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' GOV]NM5T - -- ! V]Y GOV]NM5T :I* IS FLE% ( ! FLE% & BLOOD ( ! BLOOD ( !MSELVES1 :I* HAD BE5 CALL$ TO GU>D !IR 9T]E/S1 & :OSE EXI/5CE %\LD BE POSSIBLE ONLY 9 SO F> AS IT CORRESPONDS TO ! NE$S & DEM&S ( ! LABOR+ MASSES8  

,! POPUL> PROTE/S DO NOT CEASE4 ,! OPPOSITION MOVEM5T GR[S1 & 9 SELF-DEF5SE ! ,P>TY MU/1 FROM TIME TO TIME1 MOLLIFY ! PEOPLE1 EV5 AT ! SACRIFICE ( ITS PR9CIPLES4 ,BUT :]E IT IS IMPOSSIBLE BY A FEW SOPS TO /ILL ! CRAV+ = BREAD & LIB]TY1 ! HUNGRY M\?S >E %UT ) BULLET OR BAYONET1 & ! (FICIAL PRESS BR&S ! PROTE/ANTS ) ! 9FAM\S NAME ( 0C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S01 TRAITORS AGA9/ ! 0WORK]S' & PEASANTS' GOV]NM5T04  

  

,!N ,RUSSIA1 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA1 IS QUIET AGA9 --- ) ! QUIETNESS ( DEA?4  

,! HI/ORY ( REC5T DAYS IS FILL$ ) GREWSOME ILLU/RATIONS ( SU* 0QUIET04  

,ONE ( ?OSE ILLU/RATIONS IS ,KRON/ADT --- ,KRON/ADT1 AGA9/ :I* HAS BE5 P]PETRAT$ ! MO/ AWFUL CRIME ( ! ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 A CRIME AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT1 AGA9/ SOCIALISM1 AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,A CRIME MULTIPLI$ A HUNDR$FOLD BY ! DELIB]ATE & P]FIDI\S LIES SPREAD BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI ?R\<\T ! WORLD4  

,FUTURE HI/ORY WILL DEAL ADEQUATELY ) ?IS CRY+ %AME4 ,H]E WE %ALL GIVE BUT A BRIEF SKET* ( ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS4  

,9 ! MON? ( ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#b#a1 ! WORK]S ( F\R ,PETROGRAD FACTORIES W5T ON /RIKE4 ,IT HAD BE5 AN EXCEPTIONALLY H>D W9T] = !M3 !Y & !IR FAMILIES SUFF]$ FROM COLD1 HUNG] & EXHAU/ION4 ,!Y DEM&$ AN 9CREASE ( !IR FOOD RATIONS1 SOME FUEL & CLO?+4 ,H]E & !RE WAS ALSO VOIC$ ! DEM& = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & FREE TRADE4 ,! /RIK]S ATTEMPT$ A /REET DEMON/RATION1 & ! AU?ORITIES ORD]$ \T ! MILIT>Y AGA9/ !M1 *IEFLY ! 0KURSANTS01 ! Y\NG ,COMMUNI/S ( ! MILIT>Y TRA9+ S*OOLS4  

,:5 ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS LE>N$ :AT WAS HAPP5+ 9 ,PETROGRAD1 !Y EXPRESS$ !IR SOLID>ITY ) ! /RIK]S 9 !IR ECONOMIC & REVOLUTION>Y DEM&S1 BUT REFUS$ TO SUPPORT ANY CALL = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & FREE TRADE4 ,ON ,M>* #a1 ! SAILORS ORGANIZ$ A MASS-MEET+ 9 ,KRON/ADT :I* WAS ATT5D$ ALSO BY ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 ,KAL991 7! PRESID+ (FIC] ( ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,RUSSIA71 BY ! ,COMM&] ( ! ,=TRESS ( ,KRON/ADT1 ,KUZM91 & BY ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET1 ,VASSILYEV4 ,! MEET+1 HELD ) ! KN[L$GE & P]MISSION ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET1 PASS$ RESOLUTIONS APPROV$ BY ! SAILORS1 ! G>RISON & ! CITIZ5 MEET+ ( #a#f1 P]SONS4 ,KAL991 ,KUZM9 & ,VASSILYEV SPOKE AGA9/ ! RESOLUTIONS4 ,! MA9 PO9TS 

 ( ! LATT] W]E3 FREE SPEE* & FREE PRESS = ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES2 AMNE/Y = IMPRISON$ REVOLUTIONI/S2 REELECTION ( ! ,SOVIETS BY SECRET BALLOT & FRE$OM FROM GOV]NM5T 9T]F]5CE DUR+ ! ELECTIONE]+ CAMPAIGN4  

,! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES REPLI$ TO ! RESOLUTIONS BY BEG9N+ TO REMOVE FROM ! CITY ! FOOD & AMMUNITION SUPPLIES4 ,! SAILORS PREV5T$ ! ATTEMPT1 CLOS$ ! 5TRANCES TO ! CITY1 & >RE/$ SOME ( ! MORE OB/REP]\S COMMISS>S4 ,KAL99 WAS P]MITT$ TO RETURN TO ,PETROGRAD4  

,NO SOON] DID ! ,PETROGRAD AU?ORITIES LE>N ( ! ,KRON/ADT RESOLUTIONS1 ?AN !Y 9ITIAT$ A CAMPAIGN ( LIES & LIBEL4 ,9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ,Z9OVIEV KEPT 9 CON/ANT TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION ) ! PRESID+ (FIC] ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET1 & WAS ASSUR$ BY ! LATT] ?AT ALL WAS QUIET 9 ,KRON/ADT & ?AT ! SAILORS W]E BUSY ONLY ) PREP>ATIONS = ! REELECTIONS1 ! ,PETROGRAD RADIO /ATION WAS KEPT H>D AT WORK S5D+ MESSAGES TO ! WORLD ANN\NC+ A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CONSPIRACY & A :ITE-GU>D UPRIS+ 9 ,KRON/ADT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ,Z9OVIEV1 ,KAL99 & !IR AIDS SUCCE$$ 9 P]SUAD+ ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET TO PASS A RESOLUTION :I* WAS AN ULTIMATUM TO ,KRON/ADT TO SURR5D] IMM$IATELY1 ON PA9 ( COMPLETE ANNIHILATION 9 CASE ( REFUSAL4  

,A GR\P ( WELL-KN[N & TRU/$ REVOLUTIONI/S1 !N 9 ,PETROGRAD1 REALIZ+ ! PROVOCATIVE *>ACT] ( SU* A POLICY1 APPEAL$ TO ,Z9OVIEV & TO ! ,C\NCIL ( ,DEF5SE1 ( :I* HE WAS ! ,PRESID5T4 ,!Y PO9T$ \T ! UN-REVOLUTION>Y1 REACTION>Y NATURE ( HIS POLICY & ITS GREAT DANG] TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! DEM&S ( ,KRON/ADT W]E CLE>LY SET =?3 !Y W]E AGA9/ ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 AGA9/ FREE TRADE1 & 9 FAVOR ( ! ,SOVIET =M ( GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT ! PEOPLE ( ,KRON/ADT1 AS !Y FRANKLY /AT$ 9 !IR BULLET91 C\LD NO LONG] TOL]ATE TILE DESPOTISM ( ! ,P>TY1 & DEM&$ ! RI<T TO AIR !IR GRIEVANCES & ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( FREE ,SOVIETS4 0,ALL 

 P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS0 WAS AGA9 !IR WAT*-WORD1 AS IT HAD BE5 ?AT ( ! PEOPLE & ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,TO RESORT TO >M$ =CE AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT W]E ! HEI<T ( FOLLY2 9DE$1 A T]RIBLE CRIME4 ,! ONLY RI<T & REVOLUTION>Y SOLUTION LAY 9 COMPLY+ ) ! REQUE/ ( ,KRON/ADT 7WIR$ BY ! SAILORS TO ,Z9OVIEV1 BUT NOT TRANSMITT$ BY HIM TO ! ,SOVIET7 = ! SELECTION ( AN IMP>TIAL ,COMMISSION TO REA* AN AMICABLE SETTLEM5T4  

,BUT ?IS APPEAL ( ! ,PETROGRAD GR\P ( REVOLUTION>IES WAS IGNOR$4 ,MANY ,COMMUNI/S CLE>LY UND]/OOD H[ MALICI\SLY REACTION>Y WAS ! GOV]NM5T ATTITUDE T[>D ,KRON/ADT1 BUT SLAVI%LY DEBAS$ & MORALLY CRIPPL$ BY ! JESUITISM ( ! ,P>TY1 !Y D>$ NOT SPEAK & MUTELY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! CRIME 4  

,ON ,M>* #g? ,TROTSKY BEGAN ! BOMB>DM5T ( ,KRON/ADT1 & ON ! #a#g? ! =TRESS & CITY W]E TAK51 AFT] NUM]\S FI]CE ASSAULTS 9VOLV+ T]RIFIC HUMAN SACRIFICE & TREA*]Y4 ,?US ,KRON/ADT WAS 0LIQUIDAT$01 & ! 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y PLOT0 QU5*$ 9 BLOOD4 ,! 0CONQUE/0 ( ! CITY WAS *>ACTCRIS$ BY RU?LESS SAVAG]Y TO ! DEFEAT$1 AL?\< NOT A S+LE ONE ( ! ,COMMUNI/S >RE/$ BY ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS HAD BE5 9JUR$ OR KILL$ BY !M4 ,& EV5 BE=E ! /ORM+ ( ! =TRESS ! ,BOL%EVIKI SUMM>ILY EXECUT$ NUM]\S SOLDI]S ( ! ,R$ ,>MY1 :OSE REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT &  SOLID>ITY CAUS$ !M TO REFUSE TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! BLOODY BA?4  

,! 0CONSPIRACY0 & ! 0VICTORY0 W]E NECESS>Y = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO SAVE IT FROM ?REAT5+ 9N] DECOMPOSITION4 ,TROTSKY1 :O DUR+ ! DISCUSSION ( ! ROLE ( ! ,LABOR ,UNIONS 7AT ! JO9T SESSION (' ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL ( ! ,UNIONS1 & ! DELEGATES TO ! #f? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,SOVIETS1 ,DECEMB] #c1 #a#i#b7 WAS TREAT$ BY ,L59 AS A BAD BOY :O 0DON'T KN[ HIS ,M>X01 ONCE MORE PROV$ HIMSELF ! SAVIOR ( ! 0C\NTRY 9 DANG]04 ,H>MONY WAS RE- E/ABLI%$4  

,A FEW DAYS AFT] ! 0GLORI\S CONQUE/0 ( ,KRON/ADT1 ,L59 SAID AT ! #a? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( 

 ,RUSSIA3 0,! SAILORS DID NOT WANT ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S BUT --- !Y DID NOT WANT US1 EI!R04 ,&1 --- IRONY ( ! EXECUTION]6 --- AT ?AT V]Y ,CONGRESS ,L59 ADVOCAT$ FREE TRADE1  0AS A RESPITE04  

,ON ,M>* #a#g? ! ,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T CELEBRAT$ ITS BLOODY VICTORY OV] ! ,KRON/ADT PROLET>IAT1 & ON ! #a#h? IT COMMEMORAT$ ! M>TYRS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,AS IF IT WAS NOT EVID5T TO ALL :O HAD EYES & W\LD SEE1 ?AT ! CRIME COMMITT$ AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT WAS F> MORE T]RIBLE & 5ORM\S ?AN ! SLAU<T] ( ! ,COMMUNE 9 #a#h#g#a1 = IT WAS DONE 9 ! NAME ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 9 ! NAME ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REPUBLIC4 ,H5CE=? TO ! VILE CLASSIC FIGURES ( ,?I]S & ,GALLIFET >E ADD$ ?OSE ( ,TROTSKY1 ,Z9OVIEV1 ,DIHB5KO1 ,TUKHA*EFSKY4  

"9"9"9  

,?US IS HUMAN SACRIFICE BR\<T TO ! ,MOLO* ( ,BOL%EVISM1 TO ! GIGANTIC LIE ?AT IS /ILL GR[+ & SPREAD+ ?R\<\T ! WORLD & 5ME%+ IT 9 ITS NETWORK ( RU91 FALSEHOOD & TREA*]Y4 ,NOR IS IT ONLY ! LIB]TY & LIVES ( 9DIVIDUAL CITIZ5S :I* >E SACRIFIC$ TO ?IS GOD ( CLAY1 NOR EV5 M]ELY ! WELL-BE+ ( ! C\NTRY3 IT IS ,SOCIALI/ IDEALS & ! FATE ( ! ,REVOLUTION :I* >E BE+ DE/ROY$4  

,LONG AGO ,BAKUN9 WROTE3 0,! :OLE P[] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ> IS BUILT UPON A LIE --- A LIE AT HOME & IT LIE ABROAD3 A COLOSSAL & >TFUL SY/EM ( LIES NEV] WITNESS$ BE=E1 P]HAPS1 9 ! :OLE HI/ORY ( MAN04  

,BUT N[ SU* A SY/EM EXI/S4 ,IT IS ! SY/EM ( ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT ( ! WORLD MU/ OP5 !IR EYES TO ! REAL SITUATION 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y %\LD LE>N TO SEE TO :AT A T]RIBLE ABYSS ! RUL+ ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 BY ITS BL9D & BLOODY DICTATOR%IP1 HAS BR\<T ,RUSSIA & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,LET ! WORLD PROLET>IAT GIVE E> TO ! VOICES ( TRUE REVOLUTIONI/S1 ! VOICES ( ?OSE :OSE OBJECT IS NOT POLITICAL P>TY P[]1 BUT ! SUCCESS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 &  

 TO :OM ! ,REVOLUTION IS SYNONYM\S ) HUMAN DIGNITY1 LIB]TY & SOCIAL REG5]ATION4  

,MAY ! PROLET>IAT ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA1 :5 ! WORLD REVOLUTION COMES1 *OOSE A DIFF]5T ROAD ?AN ! ONE FOLL[$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,! ROAD ( ,BOL%EVISM LEADS TO ! =MATION ( A SOCIAL REGIME ) NEW CLASS ANTAGONISMS & CLASS DI/9CTIONS2 IT LEADS TO ,/ATE CAPITALISM1 :I* ONLY ! BL9D FANATIC CAN CONSID] AS A TRANSITION /AGE T[>D A FREE SOCIETY 9 :I* ALL CLASS DIFF]5CES >E ABOLI%$4  

,/ATE ,COMMUNISM1 ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T1 IS NOT & CAN NEV] BECOME ! ?RE%OLD ( A FREE1 VOLUNT>Y1  NON-AU?ORIT>IAN ,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 BECAUSE ! V]Y ESS5CE & NATURE ( GOV]NM5TAL1 COMPULSORY ,COMMUNISM EXCLUDES SU* AN EVOLUTION4 ,ITS CONSI/5T ECONOMIC & POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION1 ITS GOV]NM5TALISATION & BUREAUCRATIZATION ( EV]Y SPH]E ( HUMAN ACTIVITY & EF=T1 ITS 9EVITABLE MILIT>IZATION & DEGRADATION ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT ME*ANICALLY DE/ROY EV]Y G]M ( NEW LIFE & EXT+UI% ! /IMULI ( CREATIVE1 CON/RUCTIVE WORK4  

,IT IS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP ITSELF :I* MO/ EFFECTIVELY H9D]S ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T & DEEP5+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION4  

,! HI/ORIC /RUGGLE ( ! LABOR+ MASSES = LIB]TY NECESS>ILY & UNAVOIDABLY PROCE$S \TSIDE ! SPH]E ( GOV]NM5TAL 9FLU5CE4 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ OPPRESSION --- POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & SOCIAL --- AGA9/ ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN1 OR ( ! 9DIVIDUAL BY ! GOV]NM5T1 IS ALWAYS SIMULTANE\SLY ALSO A /RUGGLE AGA9/ GOV]NM5T AS SU*4 ,! POLITICAL ,/ATE1 :ATEV] ITS =M1 & CON/RUCTIVE REVOLUTION>Y EF=T >E IRRECONCILABLE4 ,!Y >E MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE4 ,EV]Y REVOLUTION 9 ! C\RSE ( ITS DEVELOPM5T FACES ?IS ALT]NATIVE3 TO BUILD FREELY1 9DEP5D5T & DESPITE ( ! GOV]NM5T1 OR TO *OOSE GOV]NM5T ) ALL ! LIMITATION & /AGNATION IT 9VOLVES4 ,! PA? ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 ( ! CON/RUCTIVE SELF-RELIANCE ( ! ORGANIZ$1 CONSCI\S MASSES1 IS 9 ! DIRECTION  

 ( NON-GOV]NM5T1 ?AT IS1 ( ,AN>*Y4 ,NOT ! ,/ATE1 NOT GOV]NM5T1 BUT SY/EMATIC & COORD9AT$ SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION BY ! TOIL]S IS NECESS>Y = ! UPBUILD+ ( ! NEW1 FREE SOCIETY4 ,NOT ! ,/ATE & ITS POLICE ME?ODS1 BUT ! SOLID>IC COOP]ATION ( ALL WORK+ ELEM5TS --- ! PROLET>IAT1 ! PEASANTRY1 ! REVOLUTION>Y 9TELLIG5TSIA MUTUALLY HELP+ EA* O!R 9 !IR VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS1 WILL EMANCIPATE US FROM ! ,/ATE SUP]/ITION & BRIDGE ! PASSAGE BETWE5 ! ABOLI%$ OLD CIVILIZATION & ,FREE ,COMMUNISM4 ,NOT BY ORD] ( SOME C5TRAL AU?ORITY1 BUT ORGANICALLY1 FROM LIFE ITSELF1 MU/ GR[ UP ! CLOSELY-KNIT F$]ATION ( ! UNIT$ 9DU/RIAL1 AGR>IAN1 ETC4 ASSOCIATIONS2 BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES MU/ IT BE ORGANIZ$ & MANAG$1 & !N --- & ONLY !N --- WILL ! GREAT ASPIRATION ( LABOR = SOCIAL REG5]ATION HAVE A S\ND1 FIRM F\NDATION4 ,ONLY SU* AN ORGANIZATION ( ! COMMONWEAL? WILL MAKE ROOM = ! REALLY FREE1 CREATIVE1 NEW HUMANITY1 & WILL HE ! ACTUAL ?RE%OLD ( NONGOV]NM5TAL1 ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM4  

,?US1 & ONLY ?US1 CAN BE COMPLETELY SWEPT AWAY ALL ! REMNANTS ( \R OLD1 DY+ CIVILIZATION1 & ! HUMAN M9D & HE>T RELIEV$ ( ! V>I$ POISONS ( IGNORANCE & PREJUDICE4  

,! REVOLUTION>Y WORLD PROLET>IAT MU/ BE P]MITT$ TO HE> ?IS ,AN>*I/ VOICE1 :I* CRIES TO !M --- AS ( YORE --- FROM ! DEP?S1 FROM ! PRISON DUNGEONS4  

,! WORLD PROLET>IAT %\LD UND]/& ! GREAT TRAG$Y ( ! TOIL]S ( ,RUSSIA3 ! HE>T-BREAK+ TRAG$Y ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS :O BORE ! BRUNT ( ! ,REVOLUTION & :O F9D !MSELVES N[ HELPLESS 9 ! IRON CLUT* ( AN ALL-P>ALYZ+ ,/ATE4 ,! WORLD PROLET>IAT MU/1 ]E TOO LATE1 LOOS5 ?AT /RANGLEHOLD4  

,IF NOT1 !N ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 ONCE ! HE>? ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION ( ! WORLD1 WILL AGA9 BECOME ! WORLD'S HAV5 ( BLACKE/ REACTION4  

,MOSC[1 ,JUNE 1 #a#i#b#a4  

.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-  

"97 ,?IS PAMPHLET WAS WRITT5 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#b#a1 AS M5TION$ 9 MY ,PREFACE4 ,S9CE !N SOME ( ! ,AN>*I/S IMPRISON$ 9 ,MOSC[ HAVE BE5 DEPORT$ FROM ,RUSSIA1 ?\< NATIVES ( ?AT C\NTRY2 O!RS HAVE BE5 EXIL$ TO DI/ANT P>TS1 :ILE A L>GE NUMB] >E /ILL 9 ! PRISONS4  

,A4 ,B4 

7,S\RCE3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY1 ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ,S]IES1 ,NO4 #b1 #a#i#b#b47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiba 3 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #c1 #bag 3 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/