,! ,ROLE ( ,FASCISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLI%$3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ,CORRESPOND5CE1 VOL4 #b1 NO4 #h4 ,JULY #a#i#c#f4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #b#a#g4 

,! *IEF *>ACT]I/IC ( FASCISM IS ?AT ( ORGANIZ+ ! PETTY 
CAPITALI/ & MIDDLE CLASS ) !IR N>R[-M9D$ SPIRIT ( PRIVATE BUS9ESS 
9TO A MASS ORGANIZATION1 /RONG 5\< TO *ECK & BEAT ! PROLET>IAN 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS CLASS1 SQUEEZ$ 9 BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ & ! WORK+ 
CLASS1 UNABLE TO FI<T CAPITALISM1 IS ALWAYS READY TO TURN AGA9/ ! WORK]S' 
CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?O IT HATES BIG CAPITAL & PUTS =? ANTI-CAPITALI/IC 
SLOGANS1 IT IS A TOOL 9 ! H&S ( CAPITALISM1 :I* PAYS & DIRECTS ITS 
POLITICAL ACTION T[>DS ! SUBDU+ ( ! WORK]S4 

,ITS IDEAS & !ORIES >E DIRECT$ *IEFLY AGA9/ ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 
AGA9/ ! WORK]S FEEL+ & ACT+ AS A SEP>ATE CLASS4 ,AGA9/ ?IS1 IT 
BR+S =W>D A /RONG NATIONALI/IC FEEL+1 ! IDEA ( ! UNITY ( ! 
NATION AGA9/ =EIGN NATIONS4 ,9 ?IS NATION WORK]S HAVE !IR PLACE1 NOT AS 
A SEP>ATE CLASS1 BUT COMB9$ ) ! EMPLOY]S AS 9DU/RIAL & AGR>IAN 
GR\PS ( PRODUCTION4 ,REPRES5TATIVES ( !SE GR\PS =M ADVISORY BO>DS = 
! GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS IS CALL$ ! ,CORPORATIVE ,/ATE1 F\ND$ ON DIRECT 
REPRES5TATION ( ! ECONOMIC GR\P+ ( SOCIETY1 ON CAPITALI/ LABOR4 ,IT IS 
OPPOS$ TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM = :I* FASCISM HAS H>DLY ANY USE & 
:I* IT D5\NCES AS A P[] ( DISRUPTION1 A MIS*IEV\S PREA*+ ( 9T]NAL 
DISS5SION4 

,P>LIAM5T>IANISM IS ! EXPRESSION ( SUPREMACY ( ! PEOPLE1 ! 
CITIZ5S1 & ( ! DEP5D5CE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,FASCISM PUTS ! ,/ATE ABOVE 
! CITIZ5S4 ,! ,/ATE1 AS ORGANIZATION ( ! NATION1 IS ! SUP]IOR 
OBJECTIVE TO :I* ! CITIZ5S >E SUBORD9ATE4 ,NOT DEMOCRACY1 NOT ! PEOPLE'S 
RI<T1 BUT AU?ORITY1 ! PEOPLE'S DUTIES /& FIR/4 ,IT PLACES ! P>TY *IEF 
AT ! HEAD ( ! ,/ATE1 AS A DICTATOR1 TO RULE ) HIS P>TY COMPANIONS 
)\T 9T]F]5CE FROM P>LIAM5T>Y DELEGATES4 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT ?IS =M ( GOV]NM5T CORRESPONDS TO ! NE$S ( MOD]N 
CAPITALISM4 ,9 A HI<LY DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM ECONOMIC P[] IS NOT ROOT$1 AS IT 
WAS 9 ! BEG9N+1 9 A NUM]\S CLASS ( 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]S1 BUT 9 A 
SMALL GR\P ( BIG CAPITALI/S4 ,!IR 9T]E/S CAN BE S]V$ BETT] BY 
9FLU5C+ A SMALL BODY ( ABSOLUTE RUL]S1 & !IR OP]ATIONS SEEM MORE 
SAFELY SECUR$ IF ALL OPPOSITION ( ! WORK]S & ALL PUBLIC CRITICISM IS KEPT 
D[N ) AN IRON FI/4 ,H5CE A T5D5CY IS VISIBLE 9 ALL C\NTRIES TO 9CREASE 
! P[] ( ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T & ( ! *IEFTA9S ( ! ,/ATE4 ,?O ?IS 
IS ALSO SOMETIMES CALL$ FASCISM1 IT MAKES SOME DIFF]5CE :E!R P>LIAM5T>Y 
CONTROL IS MA9TA9$1 OR AN OP5 DICTATORIAL RULE IS E/ABLI%$1 F\ND$ UPON 
! T]RORISM ( A MI<TY P>TY ORGANIZATION4 

,9 ,G]MANY AN ANALOG\S DEVELOPM5T ( ! NATIONAL-SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T TOOK 
PLACE SOME:AT LAT]4 ,! REVOLUTION ( #aiah HAD BR\<T SOCIALISM 9TO P[] 
BUT ?IS P[] WAS MADE USE ( TO PROTECT CAPITALISM4 ,! SOCIALI/S 9 ! 
GOV]NM5T LET ! CAPITALI/S OP]ATE AS !Y LIK$4 ,! PETTY CAPITALI/ 
CLASSES SEE+ !IR ANTAGONI/S ON BO? SIDES N[ UNIT$ & SOCIALI/ 
(FICIALS 9VOLV$ 9 F\L CAPITALI/ AFFAIRS CONSID]$ SOCIALI/ /ATE CONC]N 
& CAPITALI/ SPECULATION AS ONE COMMON PR9CIPLE ( CORRUPTION ( AN 
9T]NATIONAL GANG ( GRAFT]S4 ,IT OPPOS$ TO !M ! HONE/ SMALL BUS9ESS ( 
PETTY CAPITALI/S & ! CONS]VATIVE OLD-TIME F>M]S4 ,Y\NG 9TELLECTUALS ( 
! UNIV]SITIES :O F\ND !IR =M] MONOPOLY ( PUBLIC (FICES 9FR+$ 
UPON BY DETE/$ SOCIALI/ LEAD]S1 & =M] (FIC]S JOBLESS ?R\< ! 
DIM9UATION .<SIC.> ( ! >MY1 ORGANIZ$ ! FIR/ 
GR\PS ( NATIONAL-SOCIALI/S4 

,!Y W]E EAG] NATIONALI/S BECAUSE !Y BELONG$ TO ! CAPITALI/ MIDDLE 
CLASSES & W]E OPPOS$ TO ! 9T]NATIONALISM ( ! RUL+ SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY4 
,!Y CALL$ !MSELVES SOCIALI/1 BECAUSE !IR PETTY-CAPITALI/IC FEEL+ WAS 
HO/ILE TO BIG BUS9ESS & BIG F9ANCE4 ,!Y W]E /RONGLY ANTI-,SEMITIC1 TOO4 
,FIR/LY1 BECAUSE ,JEWI% CAPITAL PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ,G]MANY ESPECIALLY 
9 ! L>GE /ORES1 :I* /ORES CAUS$ ! RU9 ( ! SMALL %OPKEEP]S4 
,SECONDLY1 BECAUSE NUM]\S ,JEWI% 9TELLECTUALS FLOOD$ ! UNIV]SITIES & ! 
LE>N$ PR(ESSIONS1 & BY !IR KE5] WITS (T5 -- E4G4 AS LAWY]S & 
PHYSICIANS -- LEFT !IR ,G]MAN COMPETITORS BEH9D !M4 

,F9ANCIALLY !SE NATIONAL-SOCIALI/S W]E BACK$ BY MANY BIG CAPITALI/ 
CONC]NS1 ESPECIALLY BY ! >MAM5T 9DU/RY :I* FELT ITS 9T]E/S 
5DANG]$ BY ! 9CREAS+ DIS>MAM5T CONF]5CES4 ,!Y =M$ ! ILLEGAL 
FI<T+ GR\PS ( CAPITALISM AGA9/ RIS+ ,BOL%EVISM4 ,!N CAME ! WORLD 
CRISIS1 AGGRAVAT+ ! CONDITIONS 9 ,G]MANY EXHAU/$ AS IT WAS BY ! PEACE 
TREATY 9DEMNITIES4 ,! REVOLT ( ! DESP]ATE MIDDLE CLASSES RAIS$ ! 
,NATIONAL-,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY TO ! POSITION ( ! MI<TIE/ P>TY & 5ABL$ IT 
TO SEIZE ! POLITICAL P[] & TO MAKE ITS LEAD] ! DICTATOR ( ,G]MANY4 

,SEEM+LY ?IS DICTATOR%IP ( MIDDLE CLASS IDEAS IS DIRECT$ AGA9/ BIG 
CAPITALISM AS WELL AS AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS CLE>1 H[EV]1 
?AT A PETTY CAPITALI/ PROGRAM ( A RETURN TO =M] TIMES ( SMALL BUS9ESS 
CANNOT BE C>RI$ \T4 ,IT SOON BECAME EVID5T 9 ,G]MANY ?AT BIG CAPITALISM & 
! L&-[N+ >I/OCRACY >E /ILL ! REAL MA/]S BEH9D ! RUL+ 
,NATIONAL-,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,9 REALITY ?IS P>TY ACTS AS AN 9/RUM5T ( 
CAPITALISM TO FI<T & DE/ROY ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATION4 

,SO /RONG WAS ! P[] ( ! NEW SLOGANS ?AT !Y DREW EV5 A L>GE NUMB] 
( WORK]S ) !M1 :O JO9$ ! ,NATIONAL-,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY4 ,! WORK]S HAD 
LE>N$ TO FOLL[ !IR LEAD]S1 BUT !SE LEAD]S HAV+ DISAPPO9T$ !M1 
W]E BEAT5 BY ! /RONG] LEAD]S4 ,! SPL5DOR & ! SPIRITUAL P[] ( 
! SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ IDEALS HAD WAN$4 ,NATIONAL-SOCIALISM PROMIS$ ! 
WORK]S A BETT] SOCIALISM1 BY CLASS-PEACE 9/EAD ( BY CLASS-W>4 ,IF (F]$ 
!M !IR APPROPRIATE PLACE 9 ! NATION AS MEMB]S ( ! UNIT$ PEOPLE NOT 
AS A SEP>ATE CLASS4 

,DUE TO ! VICTORY ( ,FASCISM1 OR ITS EQUIVAL5T1 9 C]TA9 C\NTRIES1 ! 
WORK+ CLASSES 9 !SE C\NTRIES HAVE BE5 ?R[N BACK 9 !IR SY/EMATIC 
UPW>D /RIFE = LIB]ATION4 ,!IR ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BE5 WIP$ \T1 OR 9 ! 
CASE ( ! TRADE UNIONS1 PUT DIRECTLY UND] ! COMM& ( CAPITALI/ /ATE 
(FICIALS4 ,! WORK]S' PAP]S HAVE BE5 SUPPRESS$1 FREE SPEE* PROHIBIT$1 
SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A =BIDD5 & PUNI%$ ) IMPRISONM5T1 
CONC5TRATION CAMPS OR LONG 9C>C]ATION4 ,9 ! 5=C$ UNI=MITY ( OP9ION 
!RE IS NO ROOM = REVOLUTION>Y TEA*+S4 ,! WAY ( REGUL> PROGRESS 
T[>DS PROLET>IAN P[] 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9SI<T & ORGANIZATION BY 
MEANS ( PROPAG&A & DISCUSSIONS1 ! WAY TO REVOLUTION & FRE$OM1 IS 
BLOCK$ BY ! CONCRETE WALL ( REACTION4 

,SO IT APPE>S ON ! SURFACE4 ,BUT1 LOOK+ DEEP] 9TO ! PROBLEM1 IT ONLY 
MEANS ?AT = ! WORK]S ! SMOO? & PEACEFUL WAY ( GR[+ TO P[] IS 
BLOCK$4 ,WE SAID BE=E ?AT ! RI<T ( FREE SPEE*1 ! RI<T ( ORGANIZ+1 
! RI<T ( PROPAG&A & ( =M+ POLITICAL P>TIES1 W]E NECESS>Y = 
CAPITALISM4 ,IT MEANS ?AT !Y >E NECESS>Y TO 5SURE A REGUL> WORK+ ( 
CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT MEANS ?AT1 ONCE !Y >E 
GONE1 ! CLASS ANTAGONISM MU/ AT LA/ EXPLODE 9 HEAVY UPRIS+S & VIOL5T 
REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,! CAPITALI/ CLASS HAS TO DECIDE :E!R IT PREF]S 
?IS WAY4 

,IT HAS ITS REASONS = TAK+ ?IS WAY4 ,IT /RONGLY FEELS ?AT ! HEAVY 
WORLD CRISIS ( TODAY IS %AK+ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 9 ! HE>T4 ,IT KN[S 
?AT ! DIM9I%$ PRODUCTION IS UNABLE TO FE$ ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS & AT 
! SAME TIME TO LEAVE SUFFICI5T PR(ITS4 ,IT IS RESOLV$ NOT TO BE> ! LOSSES 
ITSELF4 ,SO IT REALIZES ?AT ! WORK]S1 />V$ BY UNEMPLOYM5T1 MU/ RISE & 
WILL RISE 9 REVOLTS4 ,& IT TRIES TO =E/ALL !M BY =TIFY+ ITS [N 
POSITION1 BY =G+ ! :OLE CAPITALI/ CLASS 9TO ONE /RONG UNITY1 BY 
PUTT+ ! /ATE P[] 9 /RONG >MOR1 BY TY+ ! WORK]S TO ?IS /ATE BY 
MEANS ( /RONG FETT]S1 BY ROBB+ !M ( !IR OLD MEANS ( DEF5SE1 !IR 
SOCIALI/ SPOKESM5 & !IR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS IS ! REASON :Y 9 !SE 
LA/ YE>S FASCISM BECAME P[]FUL4 

,CAPITALISM AT ONE TIME SEEM$ TO BE ON TO ! BE/ WAY ( FOOL+ ! WORK]S 
BY MEANS ( %AM-DEMOCRACY & %AM-RE=MS4 ,N[ IT IS TURN+ ! O!R WAY1 TO 
HEAVY OPPRESSION4 ,?IS MU/ DRIVE ! WORK]S TO RESI/5CE .<SIC.> & TO DET]M9$ CLASS FI<T+4 ,:Y DOES CAPITALISM 
DO SO8 ,NOT ( ITS [N FREE WILL1 BUT COMPELL$ BY MAT]IAL1 ECONOMIC =CES 
9H]5T 9 ITS 9N]MO/ NATURE2 BY ! HEAVY CRISIS :I* 5DANG]S ITS 
PR(ITS & >\SES ITS FE>S = REVOLUTION4 

,TRIUMPHANT FASCISM BOA/S ?AT IT HAS BLOCK$ ! WAY TO COMMUNISM =EV]4 
,ITS CLAIM = ?IS IS BECAUSE IT HAS CRU%$ ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,:AT IT 
REALLY CRU%$ W]E ONLY ! 9EFFECTIVE1 PRIMITIVE =MS4 ,IT DE/ROY$ ! 
ILLUSIONS1 ! OLD SOCIALI/ BELIEFS1 ! SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ P>TIES 
-- ALL OBSOLETE ?+S HAMP]+ PROGRESS4 ,IT DE/ROY$ AT ! SAME TIME 
! OLD P>TY DIVISIONS :I* 9CIT$ WORK]S AGA9/ WORK]S4 ,IT !REBY HAS 
RE/OR$ !IR NATURAL CLASS UNITY4 

,P>TIES >E GR\PS ( COMMON OP9ION2 ORGANIZATIONS >E DEP5D5T ON 
MEMB]%IP -- BO? ( !SE >E SECOND>Y ACCID5TALS4 ,CLASS IS ! PRIM>Y 
REALITY F\ND$ 9 ! NATURE ( CAPITALISM ITSELF4 ,BY TRADITION ! WORK]S 
CONSID]$ POLITICAL OP9ION & ORGANIZATION MEMB]%IP AS ! REAL 
DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 WORK]S & CAPITALI/S4 ,!Y W]E ?9K+ & FEEL+ 9 
T]MS ( P>TIES & UNIONS -- & BY TRADITION MAY CONT9UE TO DO SO = 
SOME TIME4 ,N[ !Y >E CON/RA9$ TO ?9K & FEEL 9 T]MS ( CLASS4 ,)\T 
ANY WALLS ( P>TITION1 !Y /& ONE BESIDE ! O!R & !Y SEE ?AT !Y 
>E ALL COMRADES1 SUBJECT TO ! SAME CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 ,NO P>TY 
DISCIPL9E CAN CALL !M TO ACTION2 !Y WILL HAVE TO ?9K \T & MAKE !IR 
[N ACTION :5 ! BURD5 ( ,FASCI/ CAPITALISM MAKES ITSELF TOO HEAVILY FELT4 
,! MI/ ( OPPOS+ P>TY OP9IONS1 ( POLITICAL SLOGANS1 ( UNION N>R[NESS1 
:I* DIMM$ ! NATURAL CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 HAS BE5 DE/ROY$4 ,%>P & 
REL5TLESS ! REALITY ( CAPITALISM CONFRONTS !M1 & TO FI<T IT !Y HAVE 
ONLY !MSELVES1 !IR CLASS UNITY TO RELY UPON4 

,! POLITICAL P>TIES ( ! WORK+ CLASS -- WE SPEAK ( ,G]MANY & 
,ITALY -- HAVE DISAPPE>$2 ONLY ! LEAD]S 9 EXILE CONT9UE TO SPEAK AS 
IF !Y W]E ! P>TIES4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT !Y HAVE DISAPPE>$ =EV]4 
,IF !RE %\LD COME AN UPRIS+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 !Y WILL COME BACK & 
PRES5T !MSELVES AGA9 AS LEAD]S4 ,!Y MU/ HE VANQUI%$ = ! SECOND 
TIME1 N[ BY ! WORK]S1 BY CONSCI\S RECOGNITION ?AT !Y >E OBSOLETE4 

,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT !RE WILL BE NO MORE P>TIES 9 ! FUTURE1 ?AT 
!IR ROLE IS F9I%$4 ,NEW P>TIES WILL >ISE UND\BT$LY 9 REVOLUTION>Y 
P]IODS TO EXPRESS 9 NEW SITUATIONS ! UNAVOIDABLE DIFF]5CES ( TACTICAL 
OP9IONS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,P>TIES 9 ?IS S5SE >E NECESS>Y ELEM5TS 
9 SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT BE GIV5 READY-MADE OP9IONS & 
PLAT=MS FROM SOME ,DICTATOR ,P>TY :I* CLAIMS TO DO ! ?9K+ WORK = IT1 
& =BIDS 9DEP5D5T OP9ION4 ,! WORK+ CLASS HAS TO ?9K \T & TO F9D 
\T ! WAY = ITSELF4 ,!N OP9IONS AS TO :AT IS & :AT MU/ BE DONE WILL 
DIFF] BECAUSE !IR LIVES -- ?O 9 ! MA9 RA!R ALIKE -- W]E 
DIFF]5T 9 P>TICUL>S4 ,GR\PS ( COMMON OP9ION WILL BE =M$ TO DISCUSS & 
TO PROPAGATE !IR IDEAS1 TO FI<T ! SCI5TI/S ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 TO 
WAGE ! SPIRITUAL CONTE/ ) O!R GR\PS4 ,?IS IS ! WAY ( SELF-$UCATION 
= ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,P>TIES 9 ?IS S5SE MAY BE CALL$ ! SC\T+ GR\PS 9 ! CAPITALI/ 
JUNGLE4 ,!Y HAVE TO 9VE/IGATE ! WAYS1 TO /UDY SCI5CE & CIRCUM/ANCES1 
TO DISCUSS !SE 9 MUTUAL DEBATE1 TO LAY !IR IDEAS1 !IR EXPLANATIONS1 !IR 
ADVICE BE=E !IR FELL[ WORK]S4 ,9 ?IS WAY !Y >E ! NECESS>Y 
9/RUM5TS TO BUILD UP ! 9TELLECTUAL P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,!IR TASK IS NOT TO ACT 9/EAD ( ! WORK]S1 TO DO ! REAL FI<T+ WORK 
= ! WORK]S & TO DRAG ! CLASS BEH9D !M4 ,!Y WILL NOT HAVE ! P[] 
TO PUT !MSELVES 9 ! PLACE ( ! CLASS4 ,CLASS UNITY1 CLASS ACTION WILL BE 
P>AM\NT1 P>TY OP9ION SUBORD9ATE4 

,I,I 

,!RE >E PO9TS ( SIMIL>ITY BETWE5 FASCI/ ,ITALY & ,G]MANY1 & 
BOL%EVI/ ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y >E RUL$ BY DICTATORS1 ! *IEFS ( DICTATOR P>TIES 
-- ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! ,FASCI/ ,P>TY 9 ,ITALY1 ! 
,NATIONAL-,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 9 ,G]MANY4 ,!SE P>TIES >E L>GE1 /RONGLY ORGANIZ$ 
GR\PS :I* BY !IR ZEAL & 5?USIASM1 !IR DEVOTION TO ! CAUSE1 BY !IR 
DISCIPL9E & 5]GY >E ABLE TO DOM9ATE /ATE & C\NTRY1 & TO 5=CE 
UPON IT ! /AMP ( ONE H>D1 BIG UNITY4 

,?IS IS A SIMIL>ITY 9 =M2 ! CONT5TS >E DIFF]5T4 ,9 ,RUSSIA /ATE 
CAPITALISM BUILDS UP ! PRODUCTIVE =CES2 PRIVATE CAPITAL IS NOT TOL]AT$4 ,9 
,ITALY & ,G]MANY1 ! /ATE & ! RUL+ P>TY >E 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ ) 
PRIVATE L>GE-SCALE CAPITALISM4 ,BUT H]E ALSO A BETT] ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION IS 
9CLUD$ 9 ! FASCI/ AIMS4 

,BIG BUS9ESS ALWAYS MEANS A C]TA9 ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 TRANSPORT & 
BANK+ 9 ! H&S ( A SMALL NUMB] ( DIRECT+ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,& !SE 
COMP>ATIVELY FEW P]SONS HAVE CONTROL & P[] OV] ! MASS ( LESS] 
CAPITALI/S4 ,POLITICAL RUL]S W]E ALREADY CONNECT$ ) !SE BIG CAPITALI/S 
BE=E4 ,N[ ! FASCI/ PROGRAM PROCLAIMS IT TO BE ! TASK ( /ATE P[] TO 
DIRECT & REGULATE ! ECONOMIC =CE4 ,! 9CREASE ( NATIONALISM 9 ALL 
C\NTRIES1 & ! PREP>+ = WORLD W>1 AS EXPRESS$ 9 ! SLOGAN ( 
AUT>*Y1 I4E41 ! COMPLETE RELIANCE ( EA* /ATE UPON ITS [N RES\RCES1 
IMPOSES UPON ! POLITICAL LEAD]S A CLOSE COOP]ATION ) ! LEAD]S ( 
9DU/RY4 ,IF 9 ! OLD CAPITALISM ! /ATE WAS A NECESS>Y 9/RUM5T ( 
9DU/RY1 NEW 9DU/RY BECOMES A NECESS>Y 9/RUM5T ( ! /ATE1 TOO4 ,RUL+ 
! /ATE & RUL+ 9DU/RY IS BE+ M]G$ 9TO ONE4 ,IMPOS+ REGULATION UPON 
PRIVATE BUS9ESS N[ MEANS ?AT BY ! FASCI/ P[] ! BULK ( ! LESS] 
CAPITALI/S >E SUBJECT$ /ILL MORE COMPLETELY TO BIG BUS9ESS4 

,TO BE SURE1 9 FASCI/ CAPITALISM ! RUL+ CLASS CL+S TO ! PR9CIPLE ( 
PRIVATE 5T]PRISE1 IF NOT = O!RS1 !N AT LEA/ = !MSELVES4 ,! SIL5T 
CONTE/ ( BIG CAPITALI/S1 MONOPOLI/S1 BANK]S1 = SUPREMACY & PR(IT GOES 
ON BEH9D ! SC5ES4 ,IF1 H[EV]1 ! ECONOMIC CRISIS LA/S1 !N ! 
9CREAS+ MIS]Y1 ! REBELLIONS ( WORK]S OR MIDDLE CLASSES WILL COMPEL ! 
RUL]S TO MORE EFFICI5T REGULATIONS ( ECONOMIC LIFE4 ,ALREADY N[1 CAPITALI/ 
ECONOMI/S LOOK TO ,RUSSIA & /UDY ITS ECONOMICS AS A POSSIBLE MODEL1 & AS A 
WAY \T4 0,PLANN$ ,ECONOMICS0 IS ! TALK ( POLITICIANS 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 ,A 
DEVELOPM5T ( ,EUROPEAN & ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM 9 ! DIRECTION ( & 9TO 
SOME =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM MAY (F] ITSELF AS A MEANS TO PREV5T OR TO 
?W>T OR TO TURN BACK A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,?IS WILL BE CALL$ SOCIALISM 
!N4 ,IF WE COMP>E IT TO ! LA/ PROGRAM1 ! 0,PLAN0 ( ! ,BELGIAN 
,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC P>TY = REGULAT+ CAPITALISM1 ! DIFF]5CE IS NOT 
FUNDAM5TAL4 ,! ,BELGIAN PLAN1 9DE$1 MAY BE CALL$ AN ATTEMPT TO COMPETE ) 
FASCISM 9 A SALVATION-ACTION = CAPITALISM4 

,IF N[ WE COMP>E !SE ?REE P>TIES1 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY1 ! 
,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ! ,FASCI/ ,P>TY1 WE F9D ?AT !Y HAVE !IR *IEF AIM 9 
COMMON4 ,!Y WANT TO DOM9ATE & RULE ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,( C\RSE 9 ORD] TO 
SAVE ! WORK]1 TO MAKE !M HAPPY1 TO MAKE !M FREE4 ,!Y ALL SAY SO4 

,!IR MEANS1 !IR PLAT=MS >E DIFF]5T2 !Y >E COMPETITORS1 & EA* 
ABUSES ! O!RS CALL+ !M C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES OR CRIM9ALS4 

,SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY MAKES AN APPEAL TO DEMOCRACY2 ! WORK]S %ALL *OOSE !IR 
MA/]S BY VOTE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY RESORTS TO REVOLUTION2 ! WORK]S %ALL 
RISE AT ! CALL ( ! ,C4,P41 OV]?R[ CAPITALI/ RULE & PUT ! ,C4,P4 9TO 
(FICE4 ,! FASCI/S MAKE AN APPEAL TO NATIONAL FEEL+S & PETTY-CAPITALI/ 
9/9CTS4 ,!Y ALL ASPIRE TO SOME =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM OR /ATE SOCIALISM 
:]E ! WORK+ CLASS IS COMM&$ & EXPLOIT$ BY ! /ATE1 BY ! 
COMMUNITY ( LEAD]S1 DIRECTORS1 (FICIALS1 ! MANAG]S ( PRODUCTION4 

,!IR COMMON BASIS IS ! OP9ION ?AT ! WORK+ MASSES >E UNABLE TO 
CONDUCT !IR [N AFFAIRS4 ,! 9CAPABLE & /UPID MANY1 AS !Y BELIEVE1 MU/ 
BE L$ & $UCAT$ BY ! CAPABLE FEW4 

,:5 ! WORK+ CLASS FI<TS = ITS REAL FRE$OM1 9 ORD] TO TAKE ! 
DIRECTION ( ! PRODUCTION1 ! RULE ( SOCIETY 9TO ITS [N H&S1 IT WILL 
F9D ALL !SE P>TIES OPPOS$ TO IT4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,! ,ROLE ( ,FASCISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,ROLE ( ,FASCISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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