,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,TRADITION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,*RI/OPH] ,DAY 

,TEXT 3 

 ,A SLI<TLY DIFF]5T V]SION ( ?IS >TICLE1 WRITT5 BY ,*RIS ,DAY1 ORIG9ALLY APPE>$ 9 ,LOVE @& ,RAGE1 ,JUNE _/ ,JULY #a#i#i#f4 ,SOME ( ! PO9TS 9 ! >TICLE W]E CONTROV]SIAL )9 ! ORGANIZATION1 AS REFLECT$ BY ! FACT ?AT ANO!R ,L@&,R MEMB]1 ,WAYNE ,PRICE1 WROTE A LETT] 9 RESPONSE TO ! >TICLE1 :I* WAS PR9T$ 9 ! NEXT ISSUE ( ! PAP]4 ,! CONTROV]SIES 9 ?IS >TICLE MIRROR$ CONTROV]SIES OV] 9T]NAL DOCUM5TS CIRCULAT+ AT ! SAME TIME4 ,DESPITE ! CONTROV]SY1 ?IS PIECE IS ! BE/ WE HAVE = LAY+ \T ! HI/ORICAL TRADITION ) :I* ,LOVE @& ,RAGE MO/ CLOSELY ID5TIFIES4 ,! V]SION ( ! >TICLE PR9T$ H]E WAS $IT$ TO 9CORPORATE ! CRITICISMS & COMM5TS MADE AB\T ! ORIG9AL >TICLE4  

-- ! $ITOR  

,= MO/ ( ?IS C5TURY ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE = HUMAN LIB]ATION HAS /OOD 9 ! %AD[ ( ! ,BOL%EVIK VICTORY 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! REGIME IT E/ABLI%$4 ,! ,COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,EMPIRE 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 REPRESSION ( ! ,*9ESE DEMOCRACY MOVEM5T1 & ! ELECTORAL DEFEAT ( ! ,S&9I/AS 9 #aihi REVEAL$ ! DECAY )9 ,M>XISM AS A SUPPOS$ IDEOLOGY ( HUMAN FRE$OM4 ,! 5SU+ COLLAPSE ( MU* ( ! ,M>XI/ LEFT CREAT$ AN OP5+ = A R5EWAL ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 

,LOVE & ,RAGE WAS ! CREATION ( A LAY] ( MA9LY Y\NG AN>*I/S :O W]E FRU/RAT$ ) ! DISORGANIZATION & LACK ( S]I\S REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,WE W]E COMMITT$ TO BUILD+ A S]I\S REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,:ILE WE CAME FROM A V>IETY ( POLITICAL BACKGR\NDS & P]SPECTIVES WE DID NOT COLLECTIVELY ID5TIFY \RSELVES ) ANY S+LE TRADITION )9 AN>*ISM4 ,SURVEY+ ! V>I\S TR5DS 9 AN>*ISM 7AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 AN>*A-FEM9ISM7 AS WELL AS ! LIB]T>IAN TR5DS ?AT DID NOT ID5TIFY !MSELVES EXPLICITLY AS AN>*I/ 7C\NCIL COMMUNISM1 ! SITUATIONI/S7 WE DID NOT SEE ANY S+LE CURR5T AS ANSW]+ ALL ( \R QUE/IONS4 ,FUR!RMORE MANY ( US DREW CONSID]ABLE 9SPIRATION FROM ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ! ,NEW ,LEFT ( ! #a#i#fS1 & FROM ! NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ?AT >OSE 9 ! #gS & #hS4 ,WE ALSO ID5TIFI$ /RONGLY ) ANTICOLONIAL /RUGGLES = NATIONAL LIB]ATION ?AT1 9 SPITE ( !IR AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATION1 FUNDAM5TALLY *ALL5G$ IMP]IALISM & RAIS$ ! HOPES ( HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE = A WORLD )\T OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 

,NOT ONLY W]E NONE ( ! ALREADY EXI/+ CURR5TS )9 AN>*ISM SATISFACTORY TO US1 BUT WE UND]/OOD ?AT \R VITALITY AS AN ORGANIZATION DEP5D$ ON AN ATMOSPH]E ( OP5 DEBATE & DISCUSSION4 ,?IS DIDN'T MEAN ?AT AS AN ORGANIZATION WE W\LD BE AGNO/IC ON EV]Y POLITICAL QUE/ION1 BUT RA!R ?AT \R POLITICS W\LD BE DEVELOP$ ?R\< A PROCESS ( COLLECTIVE PRACTICE & DISCUSSION4 ,& ?IS IS PRETTY MU* :AT HAS HAPP5$ -- ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAS DEVELOP$ A BODY ( NOT ALWAYS EXPLICITLY /AT$ COMMON POLITICS BY WORK+ TOGE!R = SO MANY YE>S4 

,:ILE \R POLITICS HAVE REMA9$ CONSI/5TLY ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN1 ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAS FROM ITS 9CEPTION BE5 DEF9$ BY \R DISREG>D = AN>*I/ OR?ODOXIES4 ,?IS IS A GOOD ?+4 ,IF AN>*ISM IS TO BECOME A S]I\S REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T IT MU/ DEVELOP A :OLE NEW BODY ( !ORY & ANALYSIS = CONFRONT+ ! NEW REALITIES ( ! #b#a/ C5TURY1 & ?AT WILL REQUIRE ! TRANSC5D5CE ( V>I\S *]I%$ AN>*I/ PREJUDICES4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM ( ! FUTURE MU/ BE A LIV+ SYN!SIS ( ALL ! USEFUL ?9K+ ?AT HAS BE5 CREAT$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! /RUGGLE = HUMAN FRE$OM4 

,AT ! SAME TIME WE HAVE BE5 GUILTY ( NOT LOOK+ CLOSELY 5\< AT ! DEBATES )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ! PA/ C5TURY4 ,:ILE ! DIFF]5T CURR5TS DEF9$ BY ?OSE DEBATES >E /ILL AN 9ADEQUATE F\NDATION ON :I* TO BUILD A NEW BODY ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 WE >E NOT ! FIR/ GR\P ( AN>*I/S TO BE DEEPLY FRU/RAT$ BY ! DEEP /RUCTURAL PROBLEMS ( AN>*ISM4 ,9 ?IS S5SE WE >E P>T ( A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ TRADITION -- A SMALL BUT VITAL CURR5T )9 AN>*ISM ?AT HAS S\<T TO LE>N NEW LESSONS FROM \R DEFEATS1 ?AT HAS /RUGGL$ TO RAISE AN>*I/ POLITICS ABOVE ! LEVEL ( NAIVE MORALISM1 ?AT HAS CONFRONT$ HEAD ON CONTRADICTIONS )9 AN>*I/ ?9K+1 ?AT HAS F\<T = TI<T] =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 ?AT HAS S\<T TO DEVELOP A COH]5T /RATEGY = ACTUALLY MAK+ AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM SPEAKS TO ! FUNDAM5TAL FAILURE ( ,M>XISM'S AU?ORIT>IAN RELIANCE ON ! /ATE AS AN 9/RUM5T = REVOLUTIONIZ+ SOCIETY4 ,BUT JU/ AS ,M>XISM HAS BE5 TE/$ BY HI/ORY & F\ND WANT+1 SO TOO HAS AN>*ISM FAIL$ TO DELIV] REAL HUMAN LIB]ATION4 ,!RE=E WE MU/ BE P>TICUL>LY ATT5TIVE TO ! DI/9CT CURR5T ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ PRACTICE ?AT HAS S\<T TO CONFRONT !SE HI/ORIC FAILURES ( AN>*ISM4 ,?IS >TICLE IS AN ATTEMPT TO TRACE ! C\RSE ( ?AT CURR5T ?R\< AN>*I/ HI/ORY4 

,?IS CURR5T HAS ASS]T$ ITSELF MO/ /RONGLY :5 NEW HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS HAVE DEM&$ A RE?9K+ ( PA/ AN>*I/ ASSUMPTIONS4 ,SO AT ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS C5TURY ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS /ILL DOM9AT$ BY ! !ORY ( 0PROPAG&A ( ! DE$40 ,SMALL AN>*I/ GR\PS OR 9DIVIDUALS W\LD C>RY \T BOMB+S OR ASSASS9ATIONS 9 ! VA9 HOPE ?AT BY REVEAL+ ! VULN]ABILITY ( ! SY/EM !Y W\LD 9SPIRE ! MASSES TO RISE UP & ?R[ (F !IR *A9S4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM WAS SIMULTANE\SLY A RECOGNITION ( ! FUTILITY ( ?IS APPROA* & A TURN T[>DS ! MASS REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! 9CREAS+LY 9SURG5T WORK]S MOVEM5T ?AT WAS *AF+ UND] ! L>GELY MIDDLE-CLASS LEAD]%IP ( ! V>I\S SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 ,! E>LY AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S W]E R\NDLY D5\NC$ BY ! RE/ ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T = AB&ON+ ! 0AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES0 ( 9DIVIDUALI/ T]ROR4 

,SIMIL>LY ,LOVE & ,RAGE & ! BROAD] REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ CURR5T ( :I* IT IS P>T IS A RESPONSE TO NEW CONDITIONS4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION & ) IT ! PRE/IGE ( M>XISM AS A !ORY ( HUMAN LIB]ATION CREAT$ AN OP5+ = REVOLUTION>Y ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN IDEAS4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS TOO ACCU/OM$ TO ITS ROLE AS ! GADFLY ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN LEFT TO BREAK \T ( ?AT ROLE & PUT =W>D A POSITIVE VISION ( A NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM IS ! EF=T TO DO ?AT4 

,9 BETWE5 ! E>LY AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S & ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 !RE HAVE BE5 A S]IES ( O!R EXPRESSIONS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ IMPATI5CE ) AN>*I/ OR?ODOXY4 

,MALATE/A 

  

,]RICO ,MALATE/A WAS AN ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ :O SP5T HALF ( HIS LIFE 9 EXILE4 ,HIS MO/ IMPORTANT P]IOD ( ACTIVISM WAS DUR+ ! FIR/ ?IRTY YE>S ( ! #b? C5TURY UP TO HIS DEA? 9 #a#i#c#b4 ,:ILE HE P>TICIPAT$ 9 A V>IETY ( GR\PS & /RUGGLES HIS MA9 SIGNIFICANCE WAS AS AN AGITATOR & PROPAG&I/4 ,MALATE/A DIDN'T SO MU* BREAK ) PREVAIL+ AN>*I/ ?9K+ AS PU% IT AS F> AS IT C\LD GO )\T A ?OR\< CRITICAL REEXAM9ATION4 ,MALATE/A'S WRIT+S ON ORGANIZATION >E /ILL CRUCIAL READ+ = ALL REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S4 ,HE WAS UNABA%$LY PRO-ORGANIZATION & DIVID$ ! DISCUSSION ( ORGANIZATION 9TO ?REE P>TS3  
  

ORGANIZATION 9 G5]AL AS A PR9CIPLE ( & CONDITION ( SOCIAL LIFE TODAY & 9 A FUTURE SOCIETY2 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T2 & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! POPUL> =CES & ESPECIALLY ( ! WORK+ MASSES = RESI/ANCE TO GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM444  
  

,MALATE/A3 ,LIFE & ,IDEAS P4 #hd 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#d1 ,LONDON7  

  

,MALATE/A >GU$ = A %>P DI/9CTION BETWE5 POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS LIKE LABOR UNIONS & ORGANIZATIONS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! MA9/REAM ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM ,MALATE/A RECOGNIZ$ ! 9H]5TLY RE=MI/ *>ACT] ( ! UNIONS1 EV5 UNIONS ) AV[$LY REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAMS1 ?AT GR[S \T ( !IR DAILY /RUGGLE = MODE/ IMPROVEM5TS 9 ! LIVES ( ! WORK]S4 ,HE >GU$ ?AT AN>*I/S %\LD NOT HESITATE TO WORK )9 SU* ORGANIZATIONS1 ?AT IT IS PRECISELY !IR OP5NESS TO NON-AN>*I/S ?AT MAKES !M SU* F]TILE FIELDS = AN>*I/ AGITATION4 ,MALATE/A'S >GUM5TS LAID ! !ORETICAL GR\NDWORK = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,I71 AN ORGANIZATION ( AN>*I/ MILITANTS WORK+ )9 ! L>G] POPUL> MOVEM5TS4 

,MALATE/A WAS ALSO CRITICAL ( ! ATTEMPTS TO CLAIM ?AT AN>*ISM RE/$ ON A SCI5TIFIC F\NDATION4 ,HE US$ HIS OBITU>Y ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 TO POLEMICIZE AGA9/ ,KROPOTK9'S EF=TS 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,! CLAIMS ( POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES 7LIKE ,M>XISM7 TO SCI5TIFIC TRU? HAVE CONSI/5TLY HAD AU?ORIT>IAN IMPLICATIONS4 

,MALATE/A /ROVE TO GR\ND AN>*I/ ACTIVITY 9 POLITICAL REALITY4 ,UN=TUNATELY HIS WRIT+S REMA9 TRAPP$ 9 A ME?OD ( SPECULATIVE POLITICS ?AT SEEMS TO DOM9ATE AN>*I/ !ORY4 ,!RE IS A TIMELESSNESS TO HIS >GUM5TS4 ,?AT MEANS ?AT !Y CAN BE EASILY APPLI$ TO ! PRES5T4 ,BUT IT ALSO MEANS ?AT !Y >E NOT BAS$ ON ANY SORT ( SY/EMATIC 9VE/IGATION ( ! ACTUAL CONDITIONS !N CONFRONT+ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,HIS >GUM5TS W\LD BE AS WELL REASON$ 9 ! #a#i?1 #b? OR #b#a/ C5TURIES1 BUT !Y >E A LIMIT$ GUIDE TO PRACTICAL ACTION PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ?IS TIMELESSNESS4 

,:AT IS MISS+ FROM ,MALATE/A'S ?9K+ IS A DIALECTICAL ME?OD4 ,HIS CONCLUSIONS >E NOT BAS$ ON 9VE/IGATION ( ! ACTUAL CONDITIONS )9 SOCIETY 7OR )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T7 & !Y >E NOT TE/$ AGA9/ ! RESULTS ( !IR APPLICATION4 ,RA!R !Y FL[ FROM A SET ( AB/RACT PR9CIPLES & IF !Y DON'T CO9CIDE ) CURR5T REALITY EV5TUALLY1 ! REASON+ SEEMS TO GO1 REALITY WILL JU/ HAVE TO CAT* UP4 

,! LIMITS ( ,MALATE/A'S ME?ODOLOGY COME \T MO/ %>PLY ONLY :5 HE IS F9ALLY CONFRONT$ ) A NEW CURR5T 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT SEEKS TO ROOT ITS PRACTICE 9 A CONCRETE ANALYSIS ( ! CURR5T CONDITIONS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y UPSURGES 9 ! WAKE ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I EXPOS$ 9 PRACTICE ! LIMITATIONS ( C]TA9 ASPECTS ( ! PREVAIL+ ?9K+ )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,AN>*I/S P>TICIPAT$ 9 MANY ( !SE UPSURGES1 BUT ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT A*IEVM5TS W]E 9 ,UKRA9E4 ,:5 ! ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/S SUMM$ UP !IR EXP]I5CES & CALL$ = SOME *ANGES 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 LI<T ( !ME ,MALATE/A DEF5D$ ! PREVAIL+ OR?ODOXY4 

,! ,MAKHNOV*9A 

  

,! ,UKRA9IAN ,REVOLUTION IS A S]I\SLY UND]APPRECIAT$ *APT] 9 AN>*I/ HI/ORY4 ,UNLIKE ,SPA9 :]E OV] #f YE>S ( AN>*I/ $UCATIONAL WORK HAD %AP$ ! ?9K+ ( MU* ( ! ,SPANI% PEASANTRY & PROLET>IAT1 ! ,UKRA9E DID NOT HAVE A /RONG WELL ORGANIZ$ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :5 ! ,FEBRU>Y #aiag REVOLUTION TOPPL$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ> & OP5$ UP ! :OLE ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE1 9CLUD+ ,UKRA9E1 TO ! P5T-UP REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( PEASANT & WORK] DISCONT5T4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS CAME TO P[] 9 ,RUSSIA ON A PROGRAM ( ,BREAD1 ,L& & ,PEACE4 ,!Y OBTA9$ PEACE ) ! ,G]MAN & ,AU/RO,HUNG>IAN ,EMPIRES ?R\< ! ,TREATY ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK :I* H&$ OV] ,UKRA9E TO ! IMP]IALI/S4 ,! RELATIVELY SMALL ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SEIZ$ ! MOM5T & BUILT A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ >MY >\ND A NUCLEUS ( GU]RILLA P>TISANS COMM&$ BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO4 ,! PEASANTS W]E ALREADY SEIZ+ ! L& L>GELY )\T ! HELP ( ! AN>*I/S4 ,MAKHNO'S >MY DEF5D$ !IR GA9S & >GU$ = ! VOLUNT>Y COLLECTIVIZATION ( ! L& :ILE !Y F\<T ! ,AU/RIANS1 ! ,G]MANS1 & ! ,:ITE >MIES ( ,D5IK5 & ,WRANGEL4 ,AFT] DEFEAT+ ! FIR/ ?REE ! ,MAKHNOV*9A JO9$ =CES ) ! ,BOL%EVIK ,R$ ,>MY TO DEFEAT ,WRANGEL4 ,AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ,WRANGEL ! ,BOL%EVIKS TURN$ >\ND & CRU%$ ,MAHKNO'S >MY1 RETAK+ ! ,UKRA9IAN L&S !Y HAD GIV5 AWAY 9 ! ,TREATY ( ,BRE/-,LITOVSK4 

,MAHKNO WAS OP5LY CONTEMPTU\S ( ! 0DI!R+0 & DISORGANIZATION ( MO/ ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,:ILE HE DIDN'T LET ! ,BOL%EVIKS (F ! HOOK = !IR CRIMES HE CORRECTLY ID5TIFI$ A NUMB] ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T'S WEAKNESSES ?AT HE SAW AS RESPONSIBLE = ! EASE ) :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS CONSOLIDAT$ P[]4 ,MAHKNO'S TWO PRIM>Y VIRTUES AS A REVOLUTION>Y ?9K] >E HIS LACK ( S5TIM5TALITY & HIS WILL+NESS TO RADICALLY REASSESS PREVAIL+ AN>*I/ OR?ODOXIES 9 LI<T ( ACTUAL EXP]I5CE4 ,HE DESCRIBES ! ORIG9AL MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/S 9 ,UKRA9E1 ! 0FREE BATTALIONS03  
  

,IT QUICKLY TRANSPIR$ ?AT ?AT ORGANIZATION WAS P[]LESS TO SURVIVE 9T]NAL PROVOCATIONS ( EV]Y SORT1 GIV5 ?AT1 )\T ADEQUATE VETT+1 POLITICAL OR SOCIAL1 IT TOOK 9 ALL VOLUNTE]S PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y WANT$ TO TAKE UP WEAPONS & FI<T4 ,?IS WAS :Y ! >M$ UNITS E/ABLI%$ BY ?AT ORGANIZATION W]E TREA*]\SLY DELIV]$ TO ! 5EMY1 A FACT ?AT PREV5T$ IT FROM SEE+ ?R\< ITS HI/ORICAL MISSION 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ ! =EIGN C\NT]REVOLUTION4 4 4 ,ELSE:]E ! PRACTICAL REQUIREM5TS ( ! /RUGGLE 9DUC$ \R MOVEM5T TO E/ABLI% AN OP]ATIONAL & ORGANIZATIONAL ,/AFF TO %>E ! OV]SI<T ( ALL ! FI<T+ UNITS4 ,IT IS BECAUSE ( ?IS PRACTICE ?AT ,I F9D MYSELF UNABLE TO SUBSCRIBE TO ! VIEW ?AT REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S REJECT ! NE$ = SU* A ,/AFF TO OV]SEE ! >M$ REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE /RATEGICALLY4 ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ANY REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ F9D+ HIMSELF 9 ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES AS ?OSE ,I 5C\NT]$ 9 ! CIVIL W> 9 ! ,UKRA9E WILL1 ( NECESSITY1 BE IMPELL$ TO DO AS WE DID4 ,IF 9 ! C\RSE ( ! COM+ AU!NTIC SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 !RE >E AN>*I/S :O REBUT !SE ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES1 !N 9 \R MOVEM5T WE WILL HAVE ONLY EMPTY *ATT]]S OR DEADWEI<T1 H>MFUL ELEM5TS :O WILL BE REJECT$ 9 %ORT ORD]4  
  

0,ON ,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION0 FROM ,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & ,O!R ,ESSAYS BY ,NE/OR ,MAHKNO 7,A,K ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#f1 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO7  

  

,MAHKNO UND]/OOD ?AT REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S HAD TO OP]ATE 9 ! REAL WORLD ( IMP]FECT CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IF AN>*I/ IDEAS W]E TO MEAN ANY?+ !Y HAD TO BE APPLI$ 9 ! /RUGGLES ( ! DAY4 ,& IF !Y W]E 9ADEQUATE TO ! TASKS ( ! /RUGGLE !N !Y NE$$ TO BE MODIFI$4 

,! ,PLAT=MI/S 

  

,UN=TUNATELY ! ,BOL%EVIK VICTORY 9 ,RUSSIA GAVE !IR AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICS 5ORM\S PRE/IGE AMONG REVOLUTION>Y M9D$ PEOPLE ALL >\ND ! WORLD4 ,HUGE SECTIONS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T W5T OV] TO ,BOL%EVISM 9 C\NTRY AFT] C\NTRY4 ,& IT WASN'T NECESS>ILY ! WOR/ ELEM5TS ?AT LEFT EI!R4 ,9 MANY CASES ! AN>*I/S :O REMA9$ TRUE TO !IR PR9CIPLES W]E ! MO/ DOGMATIC1 ! LEA/ 9T]E/$ 9 :AT ACTUALLY WORK$ 9 PRACTICE1 ! MO/ UNCONC]N$ ) MAK+ AN>*ISM RELEVANT TO ! MAJORITY ( HUMANITY4 ,\TSIDE ( ,SPA9 & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA :]E ! MASS *>ACT] ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T DELAY$ ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 AN>*ISM WAS RAPIDLY REPLAC$ BY ,BOL%EVISM AS ! 0REVOLUTION>Y W+0 ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,9 ! FACE ( ,BOL%EVIK HEGEMONY ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BECAME 9CREAS+LY SECT>IAN & ODDLY RESI/ANT TO ANY *ALL5GES TO ITS !ORETICAL OR?ODOXIES4 

,9 ! FACE ( MILIT>Y DISA/] ,NE/OR ,MAHKNO DREW ! APPROPRIATE LESSONS & REORGANIZ$ HIS =CES TO GO ON TO BEAT ! IMP]IALI/ & ,:ITE >MIES 9 ,UKRA9E4 ,AFT] HIS DEFEAT AT ! H&S ( ! ,R$ ,>MY HE & MANY ( HIS ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN COMRADES W]E =C$ 9TO EXILE 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,!RE !Y F\ND ! SAME DOGMATISM & DISORGANIZATION ?AT HAD DOOM$ ! AN>*I/S 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,JU/ AS !Y HAD S\<T TO APPLY ! LESSONS ( ! DEFEAT ( ! 0FREE BATTALIONS0 9 BUILD+ A REVOLUTION>Y >MY1 ,MAHKNO & HIS COMRADES 9 EXILE S\<T TO APPLY ! POLITICAL LESSONS !Y HAD DRAWN FROM !IR EXP]I5CE & TO CREATE A NEW K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION -- ONE CAPABLE ( ! PR(\ND ORGANIZATIONAL TASKS 9VOLV$ 9 C>RY+ A REVOLUTION ?R\< TO VICTORY4 ,!IR CALL = ! =MATION ( SU* AN ORGANIZATION WAS A PAMPHLET 5TITL$ 0,! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/S40 ,! ,PLAT=M1 AS IT CAME TO BE KN[N WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #aibf & QUICKLY BECAME AN OBJECT ( CONTROV]SY )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,READ+ ITS OP5+ P>AGRAPHS IT IS NOT H>D TO SEE :Y3  
  

,IT IS V]Y SIGNIFICANT ?AT1 9 SPITE ( ! /R5G? & 9CONTE/ABLY POSITIVE *>ACT] ( LIB]T>IAN IDEAS1 & 9 SPITE ( ! =?RI<TNESS & 9TEGRITY ( AN>*I/ POSITIONS 9 FAC+ UP TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & F9ALLY ! H]OISM & 9NUM]ABLE SACRIFICES BORNE BY ! AN>*I/S 9 ! /RUGGLE = LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T REMA9S WEAK DESPITE EV]Y?+1 & HAS APPE>$1 V]Y (T51 9 ! HI/ORY ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES AS A SMALL EV5T1 AN EPISODE1 & NOT AN IMPORTANT FACTOR4 

,?IS CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! POSITIVE & 9CONTE/ABLE SUB/ANCE ( LIB]T>IAN IDEAS1 & ! MIS]ABLE /ATE 9 :I* ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T VEGETATES1 HAS ITS EXPLANATION 9 A NUMB] ( CAUSES1 ( :I* ! MO/ IMPORTANT1 ! PR9CIPAL1 IS ! ABS5CE ( ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES & PRACTICES 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4  
  

,! 9TRODUCTION GOES ON TO SAY ?AT 3  
  

7,I7T IS NEV]!LESS BEYOND D\BT ?AT ?IS DISORGANIZATION D]IVES FROM SOME DEFECTS ( !ORY3 NOTABLY ! FALSE 9T]PRETATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( 9DIVIDUALITY 9 AN>*ISM2 ?IS !ORY BE+ TOO (T5 CONFUS$ ) ! ABS5CE ( ALL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,! LOV]S ( ASS]TION ( 'SELF1' SOLELY ) A VIEW TO P]SONAL PLEASURE1 OB/9ATELY CL+ TO ! *AOTIC /ATE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 & REF] 9 ITS DEF5SE TO ! 9NUM]ABLE PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM & ITS TEA*]S4  
  

,! ,PLAT=M HAD ?REE SECTION4 ,! FIR/ OR 0,G5]AL0 SECTION WAS A BASIC EXPOSITION ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ?9K+ CONC]N+ ! PROCESS ( REVOLUTION4 ,! SECOND 0,CON/RUCTIVE0 SECTION ELABORAT$ AN AN>*I/ PROGRAM = ! REORGANIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 AGRICULTURE1 & CONSUMPTION4 ,?IS SECTION ALSO ADDRESS$ ! QUE/ION ( H[ ! GA9S ( ! REVOLUTION W\LD BE DEF5D$ BY A REVOLUTION>Y >MY4 ,! F9AL 0,ORGANIZATIONAL0 SECTION CALL$ = ! CREATION ( A 0,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S0 ON ! BASIS ( F\R ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES3  

,!ORETICAL ,UNITY  

,TACTICAL ,UNITY OR ! ,COLLECTIVE ,ME?OD ( ,ACTION  

,COLLECTIVE ,RESPONSIBILITY1 &  

,F$]ALISM  
  

,! ,PLAT=M WAS WIDELY ATTACK$ )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 T]MS ?AT W\LD BE FAMILI> TO ?OSE :O HAVE FOLL[$ ! CONTROV]SIES >\ND ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,! ,PLAT=MI/S W]E ACCUS$ ( BE+ CRYPTO-,L59I/S & ( ATTEMPT+ TO DOM9ATE ! :OLE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 !IR EF=T TO BUILD AN EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION4 ,! ,PLAT=MI/S W]E PU%$ TO ! M>G9S ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & !IR EF=TS TO BUILD AN ORGANIZATION FAIL$4 ,BUT ! IDEAS ( ! ,PLAT=MI/S LIV$ ON & A V>IETY ( ,PLAT=MI/ GR\PS HAVE COME & GONE OV] ! YE>S4 ,TWO ,PLAT=MI/ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E CURR5TLY OP]AT+ >E ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ F$]ATION 9 ,5GL& & ! ,WORK]S ,SOLID>ITY ,MOVEM5T 9 ,IREL&4 

,! POLITICAL PROGRAM ( ! ,PLAT=MI/S WAS NOT AS MU* ( A BREAK ) AN>*I/ OR?ODOXIES AS !IR ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES :I* ,MALATE/A DESCRIB$ AS 0! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ANY 9DIVIDUAL 9DEP5D5CE & FRE$OM ( 9ITIATIVE & ACTION40 ,9 RESPONSE TO ,MALATE/A'S *>GES ,MAHKNO NOT$ H[ ! ABS5CE ( ! SPIRIT ( COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY HAD RESULT$ 9 ! *RONIC DISORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ITS EFFECTIVE ABDICATION ( ITS REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,! %>P EX*ANGE BETWE5 ,MALATE/A & ,MAHKNO %\LD BE REQUIR$ READ+ = ALL AN>*I/S TODAY4 7,=TUNATELY IT HAS REC5TLY BECOME AVAILABLE AGA9 9 ,5GLI% ) ! PUBLICATION ( ,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION1 A COLLECTION ( ,MALATE/A'S LAT] WRIT+ BY ,FRE$OM ,PRESS47 ,MALATE/A'S CRITICISMS ( ! ,PLAT=MI/S >E POND]\S & AB/RACT1 MAK+ NO REF]5CE TO ! ACTUAL /ATE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,9 CONTRA/ ,MAHKNO'S RESPONSE RAISES ! DIFFICULT QUE/IONS ?AT AN>*ISM HAD UP TO ?AT PO9T EFFECTIVELY EVAD$4 

,ONE OBVI\S ]ROR ?AT ! ,PLAT=MI/S MADE WAS !IR OV]E/IMATION ( ! POT5TIAL = W9N+ OV] ! MAJORITY ( AN>*I/S TO !IR POSITION4 ,GIV5 ! DEP? ( !IR CRITICISMS !Y %\LD HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT AT LEA/ 9ITIALLY !Y W\LD ONLY WE ABLE TO ATTRACT A M9ORITY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,A ,G5]AL ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/S UNIT$ >\ND ! SORT ( PROGRAM ADVOCAT$ 9 ! ,PLAT=M W\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE BE=E AN 9T5SE POLITICAL /RUGGLE )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 A /RUGGLE ?AT ! ,PLAT=MI/S W]E NOT 9 A POSITION TO W94 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 BY TY+ !IR PROJECT TO W9N+ OV] ! MAJORITY ( AN>*I/S !Y DOOM$ IT4 

,! ,PLAT=MI/S ALSO FAIL$ TO DEVELOP A COH]5T ANALYSIS ( IMP]IALISM & ! PR(\ND 9FLU5CE ?AT ITS GLOBAL 9EQUALITIES W\LD HAVE ON ! PROCESS ( WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY !IR POLITICAL PROGRAM & !IR UND]/&+ ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE READS TODAY AS V]Y SIMPLI/IC4 ,BUT !IR CRITIQUE ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL FAIL+S ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ! MEASURES NECESS>Y TO CORRECT ?OSE FAIL+S HAS LO/ NONE ( !IR RESONANCE4 ,!IR ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES >E SIMPLE & COMMON S5SICAL4 ,BUT !Y >E A /AKE ?R\< ! HE>T ( ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL ?9K+ 9 AN>*ISM4 ,! 9T5SELY HO/ILE RESPONSE !Y G5]AT$ IS A PR(\ND TE/IMONY TO ! POLITICAL IRRELEVANCE ( MU* ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,TRAGICALLY ! ,PLAT=MI/S W]E TO HAVE ALMO/ NO 9FLU5CE ON ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,:5 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S F\ND !MSELVES 9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION !Y W]E CONSID]ABLY BETT] POSITION$ ?AN !IR ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN C\NT]P>TS TO GIVE ! REVOLUTION A LIB]T>IAN *>ACT]4 ,BUT 9 ! 5D !Y FAIL$ = MANY ( ! SAME REASONS4 ,J4 ,MANUEL ,MOL9AS1 ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,I7 9 ! E>LY #a#i#cS LAT] WROTE3 0,! PLAT=M ( ,>%9OV & O!R ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S HAD V]Y LITTLE 9FLU5CE ON ! MOVEM5T 9 EXILE OR )9 ! C\NTRY 444 ',! ,PLAT=M' WAS AN ATTEMPT TO R5EW1 TO GIVE GREAT] *>ACT] & CAPACITY TO ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 LI<T ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 444 ,TODAY1 AFT] \R [N EXP]I5CE1 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT !IR EF=T WAS NOT FULLY APPRECIAT$40 ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION (F]$ ! BE/ OPPORTUNITY TO C>RY ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION TO COMPLETION4 ,! FAILURE ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S TO LE>N ! LESSONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN EXP]I5CES BE=E IT WAS TOO LATE IS P]HAPS ! S+LE GREATE/ TRAG$Y 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! ,F,A,I 

  

,! ,IB]IAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,I7 WAS F\ND$ 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#b#g4 ,:]EAS ! ,PLAT=MI/S W]E ! PRODUCT ( ! EXP]I5CE ( DEFEAT ( ! ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/S1 ! ,F,A,I >OSE 9 RESPONSE TO ! BURGEON+ REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ,SPA9 & SOME ( ! CONTRADICTIONS )9 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,UP UNTIL ! =MATION ( ! ,F,A,I ! MA9 ORGANIZATIONAL =M ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,N,T74 ,! DICTATOR%IP ( ,G5]AL ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A HAD BROK5 UP ! ,C,N,T AS A FUNCTION+ NATIONAL ORGANIZATION4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS ( REPRESSION P[]FUL T5D5CIES T[>DS RE=MISM ASS]T$ !MSELVES )9 ! SCATT]$ AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! ,F,A,I BR\<T TOGE!R ! MO/ MILITANT & DET]M9$ REVOLUTION>IES 9 ,SPA9 UND] CONDITIONS ( 9T5SE REPRESSION4 ,! ,F,A,I WAS COMPOS$ ( SMALL AFF9ITY GR\PS F$]AT$ LOCALLY1 REGIONALLY1 & NATIONALLY 79CLUD+ ALSO ,PORTUGUESE GR\PS & EXILE GR\PS 9 ,FRANCE74 ,:5 ! ,C,N,T WAS REORGANIZ$ 9 #aibh ! ,F,A,I CAME TO EX]T A DOM9AT+ 9FLU5CE ON ITS ORI5TATION4 

,:ILE ! ,F,A,I CON/ITUT$ ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y =CES )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T !Y W]E NOT UNIT$ >\ND ANY SORT ( COH]5T PROGRAM4 ,RA!R !Y W]E UNIT$ 9 !IR OPPOSITION TO ANY SORT ( COLLABORATION ) ! RE=MI/ =CES4 ,POLITICALLY ! ,F,A,I WAS HET]OG5E\S 9 ! EXTREME 9CLUD+ A WIDE RANGE ( AN>*I/ T5D5CIES AS WELL AS GR\PS ORGANIZ$ TO PROMOTE VEGET>IANISM1 ,ESP]ANTO 7AN >TIFICIAL LANGUAGE CREAT$ = PURPOSES ( 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNICATION71 ETC44 

,9 OPPOSITION TO ,MALATE/A :O >GU$ ?AT ! UNIONS %\LD BE IDEOLOGICALLY NONSECT>IAN 9 ORD] TO ATTRACT ! BROADE/ P>TICIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! ,F,A,I DECL>$ ITSELF 9 FAVOR ( EXPLICITLY AN>*I/ UNIONS BECAUSE 0WORK+-CLASS UNITY IS NOT POSSIBLE40 ,! EXI/5CE ( WIDESPREAD SYMPA?Y = AN>*ISM AMONG ! ,SPANI% PROLET>IAT & PEASANTRY MADE IT POSSIBLE TO BUILD AN EXPLICITLY AN>*I/ MASS UNION LIKE ! ,C,N,T1 BUT ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! ,F,A,I PO9T$ TO ! CONTRADICTIONS 9VOLV$ 9 SU* A UNION4 ,MALATE/A >GU$ ?AT ! NE$ TO MEET ! DAILY NE$S ( ! MEMB]S UND] ! EXI/+ SY/EM HAS A CONS]VATIZ+ 9FLU5CE ON UNIONS REG>DLESS ( !IR ORIG9S OR ASS]TIONS ( RADICAL AIMS4 ,! EXP]I5CE ( ! ,C,N,T PRIOR TO ! F\ND+ ( ! ,F,A,I CONFIRM$ ?IS POSITION4 ,9 EFFECT ! ,F,A,I CON/ITUT$ ITSELF AS AN ORGANIZATION ( ! MO/ ADVANC$ ELEM5TS ?AT F\<T = 7& WON7 REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS )9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,OPPON5TS ( ! ,F,A,I'S REVOLUTION>Y ORI5TATION ATTACK$ ! ,F,A,I = DOM9AT+ ! UNION4 ,! ,F,A,I RESI/$ ?IS *>ACT]IZATION ( !IR ROLE )9 ! ,C,N,T & C]TA9LY NON-,F,A,I MEMB]S W]E (T5 9FLU5TIAL1 BUT AN HONE/ ASSESSM5T ( ! ,F,A,I MU/ ACKN[L$GE ITS LEAD]%IP FUNCTION )9 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,:ILE ! ,F,A,I WAS UND5IABLY COMPOS$ ( MANY ( ! MO/ COMMITT$ REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ FI<T]S 9 ,SPA9 !Y FUNDAM5TALLY FAIL$ TO COH]E !MSELVES >\ND A PROGRAM OR /RATEGY UNTIL IT WAS TOO LATE4 ,READ+ ,JUAN ,GOMEZ ,CASAS' ,AN>*I/ ,ORGANIZATION1 ,! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,F,A,I 7,BLACK ,ROSE1 #a#i#h#f1 ,MONTREAL71 ONE CAN NOT HELP BUT BE /RUCK BY ?IS FACT4 ,YE> 9 & YE> \T ! CONF]5CES & PL5UMS ( ! ,F,A,I >E DOM9AT$ BY DISCUSSIONS ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y ORGANIZATIONAL MATT]S4 ,! POLITICAL RESOLUTIONS >E AGONIZ+LY VAGUE & SUBJECT TO ! BROADE/ POSSIBLE RANGE ( 9T]PRETATIONS4 ,:5 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION FELL 9TO !IR H&S !Y W]E UTT]LY UNPREP>$ = ! DIFFICULT *OICES 9VOLV$4 

,ON ,JULY #a#i1 #aicf ! ,C,N,T C>RI$ \T A REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE 9 RESPONSE TO AN FASCI/ MILIT>Y C\P4 ,!Y W]E JO9$ 9 V>Y+ DEGREES BY ! SOCIALI/ UNION 7! ,U,G,T7 & ! POLITICAL P>TIES ( ! LEFT4 ,9 ,CATALONIA :]E ! AN>*I/S W]E DOM9ANT )9 ! WORK+ CLASS & AMONG ! PEASANTS ! ,C,N,T DECISIVELY SMA%$ ! MILIT>Y REVOLT1 >M$ ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 =M$ REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES & ORGANIZ$ MILITIAS TO FI<T ! FASCI/S4 ,A SIMIL> PATT]N REPEAT$ ITSELF1 AGA9 9 V>Y+ DEGREES1 ACROSS ?OSE P>TS ( ,SPA9 :]E ! FASCI/S W]E UNABLE TO E/ABLI% CONTROL4 

,9 ,CATALONIA ! REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVAL WAS SO COMPLETE & ! AN>*I/ PR$OM9ANCE )9 IT SO BEYOND DISPUTE ?AT ON ,JULY #b ,LUIS ,COMPANYS1 ! ,PRESID5T ( ! SEMI-AUTONOM\S GOV]NM5T ( ,CATALONIA 7! ,G5]ALIDAD7 SUMMON$ ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I & (F]$ TO RESIGN4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I DECL9$ CLAIM+ ?AT !Y DID NOT WANT TO E/ABLI% AN 0AN>*I/ & ,CONF$]AL DICTATOR%IP40 

,9 ?IS S+LE MOM5T WE F9D DI/ILL$ ! HI/ORICAL AN>*I/ ABDICATION ( POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS NO REASON TO EXPECT TO BE PRES5T$ ) A BETT] OPPORTUNITY TO REORGANIZE SOCIETY ON LIB]T>IAN L9ES ?AN EXI/$ ON ,JULY #b1 #a#i#c#f4 ,:ILE SUPPORT = ! ,C,N,T WAS NOT UNIV]SAL1 !Y CLE>LY HAD ! ALLEGIANCE ( ! MAJORITY ( ! OPPRESS$ CLASSES 9 ,CATALONIA4 ,!Y HAD CREAT$ A SITUATION ( DUAL P[] ) ! CAPITALI/ /ATE4 ,! *OICE BE=E !M WAS NOT ONE BETWE5 COLLABORATION ) ! CAPITALI/ /ATE & AN AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP4 ,IT WAS BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y CREATION ( A F$]ATION ( ! POPUL> COMMITTEES & C\NCILS & COLLABORATION4 ,TO TAKE ! FIR/ ROAD W\LD HAVE REQUIR$ SMA%+ ! /ATE NOT JU/ MILIT>ILY 7AS !Y ALREADY HAD7 BUT POLITICALLY BY OV]?R[+ ,LUIS ,COMPANYS & ! ,G5]ALIDAD4 ,S9CE ! POPUL> COMMITTEES 9 ,CATALONIA W]E L>GELY 9ITIAT$ BY ! ,C,N,T'S DEF5SE COMMITTEES E/ABLI%$ TO PREP>E = ! 9SURRECTION !RE IS NO REASON SU* A PROGRAM C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 C>RI$ \T4 ,DUAL P[] IS NOT AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 IT IS A CONDITION UND] :I* AN OPPORTUNITY EXI/S TO SMA% ! OLD P[] & REPLACE IT ) A NEW ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 ,SITUATIONS ( DUAL P[] >E 9H]5TLY UN/ABLE4 ,SOON] OR LAT] ! OLD P[] OR ! NEW P[] WILL SMA% ! O!R ONE4 ,! CONSEQU5CE ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I'S FALSE FE> ( BE+ P>TY TO AN 0AN>*I/ DICTATOR%IP0 WAS ?AT !Y SOON F\ND !MSELVES FIR/ UND] A DICTATOR%IP ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & !N UND] ,FRANCO4 

,! ,F,A,I'S FAILURE TO UNITE >\ND A COMPREH5SIVE ANALYSIS ( ,SPANI% SOCIETY & /RATEGY = ITS REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION MEANT ?AT !Y W]E UNABLE TO SEIZE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOM5T :5 IT PRES5T$ ITSELF4 ,! WORK]S & PEASANTS W]E AHEAD ( !IR LEAD]S & ACCOMPLI%$ PR(\ND ?+S 9 T]MS ( COLLECTIVIZ+ 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE & REORGANIZ+ SOCIAL LIFE 9 ! VILLAGES & CITIES UND] !IR CONTROL4 ,BUT !Y LACK$ ! ORGANIZATION OR COLLECTIVE POLITICAL EXP]I5CE TO NAVIGATE ! COMPLICAT$ POLITICAL SITUATION ?AT CONFRONT$ !M4 ,! ORGANIZATION ?AT WAS BE/ POSITION$ TO PROVIDE !SE ?+S1 ! ,F,A,I1 WAS UNABLE TO DO SO4 

,IT WAS ONLY AFT] ! REVOLUTION>Y MOM5T HAD PASS$ & ! ,SPANI% /ATE WAS REORGANIZ$ ) ! G5]\S ASSI/ANCE ( ,MOSC[ ?AT ! ,F,A,I RECOGNIZ$ ! NE$ TO REORGANIZE ITSELF 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS ACTUAL ROLE4 ,9 ,JULY #aicg ! ,F,A,I REORGANIZ$ ITSELF ) CLE> /&>DS ( MEMB]%IP BAS$ ON AGREEM5T ) A COMMON POLITICAL ORI5TATION4 ,! AFF9ITY GR\PS W]E /RIPP$ ( ANY 0(FICIAL ROLE 9 ! NEW ,F,A,I ORGANIZATION0 & VOTE BY SIMPLE MAJORITY WAS 9TRODUC$ TO PREV5T SMALL GR\PS FROM OB/RUCT+ ! WORK ( ! ORGANIZATION AS A :OLE4 ,BUT ! NEW POLITICAL /ATEM5T ( ! ,F,A,I WAS AGA9 HOPELESSLY VAGUE & ! ORGANIZATION HAD BE5 FUNDAM5TALLY COMPROMIS$ BY !IR P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T & !IR TREA*]\S CALL = A CEASE-FIRE DUR+ ! 0,MAY ,DAYS0 9 ,B>CELONA TWO MON?S E>LI]4 

,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI 

  

,! FAILURE ( ! ,F,A,I TO PROVIDE REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP 9 SPITE ( ! P[]FUL REVOLUTION>Y ASPIRATIONS ( ! ,SPANI% PEASANTS & WORK]S CREAT$ A POLITICAL VACUUM4 ,ONE ORGANIZATION ?AT ATTEMPT$ TO FILL ?AT SPACE WAS ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI4 

,ONE ( ! C5TRAL ISSUES 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION WAS ! ATTEMPT TO 9CORPORATE ! MILITIAS 9TO A NEW REGUL> ,REPUBLICAN >MY4 ,MU* ( ! IMPETUS = ?IS MILIT>IZATION CAME FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 :I* BY VIRTUE ( ITS CONNECTIONS ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 WAS PREP>$ TO DOM9ATE ! COMM& ( SU* AN >MY4 ,! AN>*I/ & ,P,\,M MILITIAS RESI/$ ?IS PROCESS 9 V>Y+ DEGREES4 ,ULTIMATELY MO/ ( ! AN>*I/ MILITIAS W]E EI!R 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! NEW >MY OR BROK5 UP BY IT4 ,ONE GR\P ?AT RESI/$ MILIT>IZATION W]E ! MILITIAS AT ! ,GELSA FRONT4 ,9/EAD ( JO9+ ! >MY MANY ( !IR MEMB]S RETURN$ TO ,B>CELONA & JO9$ ) SOME O!R DISSID5TS 9 ! ,C,N,T TO CON/ITUTE !MSELVES AS ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI4 

,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI PLAY$ A PIVOTAL ROLE 9 ! ,MAY #aicg EV5TS 9 ,B>CELONA1 CALL+ ON ! AN>*I/ =CES TO MA9TA9 !IR B>RICADES :5 ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP WAS PREA*+ CONCILIATION ) ! ,COMMUNI/S4 ,AFT] !SE EV5TS ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ISSU$ A PAMPHLET 0,T[>DS A ,FRE% ,REVOLUTION0 ?AT ANALYZ$ ! DEFEAT ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION & PUT =W>D PROPOSALS = ITS REG5]ATION4 ,UNLIKE AN>*I/S TODAY :O SEE ! ,SPANI% MILITIAS AS ! MODEL ( AN>*I/ MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI HAD SE5 !M 9 ACTION & PROPOS$ 9 OPPOSITION TO EI!R ! ,REPUBLICAN >MY OR AN EXCLUSIVE RELIANCE ON ! MILITIAS ! REVOLUTION>Y >MY3  
  

,) REG>D TO ! PROBLEM ( ! W>1 WE BACK ! IDEA ( ! >MY BE+ UND] ! ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,(FIC]S ) !IR ORIG9S 9 ! CAPITALI/ REGIME DO NOT DES]VE ! SLI<TE/ TRU/ FROM US4 ,DES]TIONS HAVE BE5 NUM]\S & MO/ ( ! DISA/]S WE HAVE 5C\NT]$ CAN BE LAID D[N TO OBVI\S BETRAYALS BY (FIC]S4 ,AS TO ! >MY1 WE WANT A REVOLUTION>Y ONE L$ EXCLUSIVELY BY WORK]S2 & %\LD ANY (FIC] BE RETA9$1 IT MU/ BE UND] ! /RICTE/ SUP]VISION4  
  

,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ALSO PROPOS$ ! CREATION ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,JUNTA TO BE DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$ BY ALL ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ?AT OPPOS$ FUR!R P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,! PRECISE ME*ANISM = =M+ ! ,JUNTA 7A WORD :I* DOES NOT HAVE ! SAME AU?ORIT>IAN IMPLICATIONS 9 ,SPANI% AS IT DOES 9 ,5GLI%2 ALL ! ,C,N,T UNIONS W]E GOV]N$ BY JUNTAS7 V>I$ 9 DIFF]5T /ATEM5TS ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 BUT ! PO9T %\LD BE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT :AT !Y W]E PROPOS+ WAS A POPUL> DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURE1 NOT A P>TY-/ATE LIKE ! ONE E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS IS SIMIL> TO ! PROGRAM = WORK]S' & PEASANTS C\NCILS1 AL?\< NOT QUITE AS GOOD S9CE IT REQUIR$ WORK+ ?R\< ! EXI/+ UNION /RUCTURES4 ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ALSO TOOK SOME T5TATIVE /EPS TO ALIGN !MSELVES ) ANTI-COLONIAL =CES 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,AS TROOPS /ATION$ 9 ,MOROCCO CON/ITUT$ ! BASE = ! FASCI/ UPRIS+1 ! QUE/ION ( SUPPORT = ,MOROCCAN 9DEP5D5CE WAS A CRUCIAL ONE4 ,?IS T5TATIVE ANTI-IMP]IALISM IS 9DICATIVE ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI'S DET]M9ATION TO CONFRONT ! WEAKNESSES ( AN>*I/ !ORY4 

,CONCLUSION 

  

,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI CONT9U$ TO OP]ATE EV5 AFT] ! ULTIMATE DEFEAT ( ! ,REPUBLIC BY ! FASCI/S1 BUT 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS !IR 9ITIATIVE CLE>LY CAME TOO LATE4 ,LIKE ! ,MAHKNOV*9A BE=E !M1 !Y ONLY CAME TO UND]/& ! NE$ = A DIFF]5T K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION AS A RESULT ( BITT] DEFEATS4 ,!IR ABORTIVE EF=TS TO CREATE SU* AN ORGANIZATION DID NOT GET F> 5\< TO (F] US MU* GUIDANCE TODAY4 ,:AT !Y DO PROVIDE1 H[EV]1 IS A DESP]ATELY NE$$ EXAMPLE ( REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM CONFRONT+ IT S ]RORS HEAD ON & CREAT+ NEW =MS 9 RESPONSE TO NEW CONDITIONS4 

,! EXP]I5CES 9 ,UKRA9E & ,SPA9 DEMON/RATE ?AT 9 ! C\RSE ( A REVOLUTION1 A C]TA9 AM\NT ( C5TRALIZATION & REPRESSION ( OP5 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES WILL BE NECESS>Y4 ,( C\RSE ANTIAU?ORIT>IANS MU/ CONSCI\SLY /RIVE TO KEEP SU* C5TRALIZATION & REPRESSION D[N TO ! M9IMUM LEVEL NECESS>Y & %\LD DELIB]ATELY WORK TO KEEP ! COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION AS DEC5TRALIZ$ & RADICALLY-DEMOCRATIC AS POSSIBLE4 ,EXACTLY H[ TO MA9TA9 ?IS BALANCE IS A MATT] ( POLITICAL JUDGM5T1 BUT !RE %\LD BE NO AMBIGUITY 9 \R OPPOSITION TO P>TY-/ATES4 

,ONE SIMPLE LESSON FROM ! EXP]I5CES DISCUSS$ H]E IS ?AT ! ATTEMPT TO BUILD A S]I\S REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION WILL 9EVITABLY 5C\NT] HO/ILITY FROM MANY QU>T]S1 9CLUD+ MANY S9C]E AN>*I/S4 ,ONLY A M9ORITY ( ! MO/ S]I\S & COMMITT$ ACTIVI/S CAN BE EXPECT$ TO JO9 SU* AN EF=T4 ,& ONLY 9 ! CONTEXT ( PR(\ND SOCIAL UPHEAVAL WILL ! IMPORTANCE ( !IR EXT5D$ P]IOD ( ORGANIZATIONAL & POLITICAL PREP>ATION BECOME CLE>4 ,ONLY 9 ! C\RSE ( /RUGGL+ TO BUILD SU* AN ORGANIZATION ON ! BASIS ( COH]5T POLITICS CAN WE HOPE TO COLLECTIVELY CONFRONT & OV]COME ! MI/AKES ( ! PA/4 

7,S\RCE3 ,LOVE @& ,RAGE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,NEW ,YORK ,LOCAL7 ,MEMB] ,H&BOOK1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION447 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,TRADITION -- ,ADD$4 

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