,! ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,WRITT53 ,JANU>Y_/,FEBRU>Y #a#i#e4 
,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,FEBRU>Y #h1 #aie 
,S\RCE3 ,ZEITS*RIFT = DIE ,9T]ESS5 D] ,>BEIT]9N51 NO4#c1 ,FEBRU>Y #h?1 #a#i#e4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,D>IO ,ROMEO & ,BRIAN ,BAGG9S4 
,ONL9E ,V]SION3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7M>XI/S4ORG7 #b4 

,ON ,JANU>Y #b#bND 9 ,PET]SBURG .<,JANU>Y #i? ACCORD+ TO ! ,RUSSIAN US$ ,JULIAN CAL5D].>1 ! FIR/ MASS REVOLUTION>Y RIS+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ABSOLUTISM WAS PUT D[N 'VICTORI\SLY' BY ! T]RORI/ GOV]NM5T1 ?AT IS1 IT WAS DR[N$ 9 ! BLOOD ( ?\S&S ( DEF5SELESS WORK]S1 9 ! BLOOD ( ! MURD]$ M51 WOM5 & *ILDR5 ( ! PEOPLE .<,BLOODY ,SUNDAY.>4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT - AT LEA/ 9 ,PET]SBURG ITSELF - A LULL 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T HAS SET 94 ,! TIDAL WAVE IS N[ SURG+ FROM ,PET]SBURG1 FROM ! NOR?1 D[N OV] ! HUGE EMPIRE1 & IS 5GULF+1 ONE AFT] ANO!R1 ALL ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL CITIES ( ,RUSSIA4 ,ANYONE :O HAD EXPECT$ ! REVOLUTION TO TRIUMPH AT ONE BL[1 ANYONE 9 ,PET]SBURG :O1 FOLL[+ ! 'VICTORY' ( ! POLICY ( BLOOD & IRON1 MI<T N[ WI% TO AB&ON HIMSELF1 DEP5D+ ON :OSE SIDE HIM TAKES1 TO A PESSIMI/IC DEFEATISM OR TO A PREMATURE EXULTATION AT ! RE/ORATION ( 'ORD]' - SU* A P]SON W\LD ONLY PROVE ?AT ! HI/ORY ( REVOLUTIONS ) ITS 9N] IRON LAWS HAS = HIM REMA9$ A SEAL$ BOOK4 

,IT TOOK AN ET]NITY - AT LEA/ :5 MEASUR$ AGA9/ REVOLUTION>Y IMPATI5CE & AGA9/ ! AGONY ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE - = ! FIRE ( REVOLUTION TO K9DLE 9TO A BRI<T BLAZE B5EA? ! C5TURIES-OLD ICE-COAT+ ( ABSOLUTISM4 ,IT MI<T & SURELY WILL TAKE A V]Y LONG P]IOD ( T]RIBLE /RUGGLES1 ALT]NAT+ BETWE5 POPUL> VICTORIES & DEFEATS1 EXACT+ 9NUM]ABLE VICTIMS1 BE=E ! BLOOD?IR/Y BEA/ ( ABSOLUTISM - DANG]\S /ILL1 EV5 AS IT WRI!S 9 ITS DEA?-?ROES - IS BEAT5 D[N ONCE & = ALL4 ,WE MU/ MAKE READY = A REVOLUTION>Y EPO* 9 ,RUSSIA C\NT$ 9 YE>S1 NOT 9 DAYS & MON?S1 SIMIL> TO ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 

,& YET1 ALL LOV]S ( CIVILIZATION & FRE$OM1 ?AT IS1 ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS1 CAN REJOICE FROM ! BOTTOM ( !IR HE>TS4 ,! CAUSE ( FRE$OM HAS N[ BE5 WON 9 ,RUSSIA2 ! CAUSE ( 9T]NATIONAL REACTION HAS N[1 ON ,JANU>Y #b#bND1 ON ! /REETS ( ,PET]SBURG1 HAD ITS BLOODY ,J5A4 ,= ON ?IS DAY ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT BUR/ ON ! POLITICAL /AGE AS A CLASS = ! FIR/ TIME2 = ! FIR/ TIME ! ONLY P[] :I* HI/ORICALLY IS QUALIFI$ & ABLE TO CA/ ,CZ>ISM 9TO ! DU/B9 & TO RAISE ! BANN] ( CIVILIZATION 9 ,RUSSIA & EV]Y:]E HAS APPE>$ ON ! SC5E ( ACTION4 ,! GU]RILLA W> AGA9/ ABSOLUTE P[] 9 ,RUSSIA HAS LA/$ = ALMO/ A C5TURY4 ,AS E>LY 9 #a#h#b#e1 !RE WAS A REVOLT 9 ,PET]SBURG 9/IGAT$ BY ! SONS ( ! HI<E/ ( >I/OCRACY1 BY (FIC]S ATTEMPT+ TO %AKE (F ! *A9S ( DESPOTISM4 ,! MONUM5TS TO ?IS ABORTIVE & CRUELLY SUPPRESS$ RIS+ CAN /ILL BE F\ND 9 ! SN[FIELDS ( ,SIB]IA1 :]E DOZ5S ( ! NOBLE/ VICTIMS W]E BURI$ = ALL ET]NITY4 ,SECRET CONSPIRATORIAL SOCIETIES & ATTEMPT$ ASSASS9ATIONS 9CREAS$ DUR+ ! #a#h#eS1 BUT AGA9 'ORD]' & T]ROR TRIUMPH$ OV] ! B& ( DESP]ATE FI<T]S4 ,DUR+ ! #a#h#gS1 A /RONG P>TY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 9TELLIG5TSIA WAS =M$ :I* ASPIR$1 ) ! SUPPORT ( ! PEASANT MASSES1 TO BR+ AB\T A POLITICAL REVOLUTION BY MEANS ( SY/EMATIC1 T]RORI/IC ASSASS9ATION ATTEMPTS ON ! ,CZ>4 ,IT SOON BECAME APP>5T1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! PEASANT MASSES ( ! TIME W]E AN 9]T ELEM5T & QUITE UNSUITABLE = REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! ASSASS9ATION ( ! ,CZ> PROV$ TO BE A QUITE P[]LESS WEAPON = DO+ AWAY ) ,CZ>ISM AS A RUL+ SY/EM4 

,FOLL[+ ! DEFEAT ( ! T]RORI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,RUSSIA 9 ! #a#h#hS1 BO? ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY & ! LOV]S ( FRE$OM 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE W]E SEIZ$ BY A PR(\ND DEFEATISM4 ,! ICE-BLOCK ( ABSOLUTISM APPE>$ TO BE UNMOVABLE & ! SOCIAL CONDITION ( ,RUSSIA SEEM$ HOPELESS4 ,& YET PRECISELY AT ?IS MOM5T 9 ,RUSSIA WAS BORN ! MOVEM5T :OSE RESULT WAS TO BE ,JANU>Y #b#bND ( ?IS YE>2 ?AT MOM5T WAS - ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 

,FROM ! #a#h#fS & FOLL[+ ITS S]I\S DEFEAT 9 ! ,CRIMEAN W>1 ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>ISM MADE A DESP]ATE ATTEMPT TO TRANSPLANT ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN CAPITALISM 9TO ,RUSSIA4 ,! BANKRUPT ABSOLUTE REGIME1 = FISCAL & MILIT>Y PURPOSES1 NE$$ RAILWAYS & TELEGRAPHS1 IRON & COAL1 MA*9ES1 COTTON & CLO?4 ,! ABSOLUTE REGIME NURTUR$ CAPITALISM BY ALL ! ME?ODS ( PILLAG+ ! PEOPLE & BY ! MO/ RU?LESS POLICY ( PROTECTIVE T>IFF - & ?IS UNCONSCI\SLY DUG ITS [N GRAVE4 ,IT LOV+LY NURS$ ! EXPLOIT+ CAPITALI/ CLASS - & ?US PRODUC$ A PROLET>IAT \TRAG$ AT EXPLOITATION & SUPPRESSION4 

,! ROLE = :I* ! PEASANTRY HAD PROV$ ITSELF 9CAPABLE BECAME ! HI/ORICAL TASK ( ! URBAN1 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & ?IS CLASS BECAME ! PILL> ( ! MOVEM5T = FRE$OM & REVOLUTION4 ,! UNTIR+ UND]GR\ND WORK ( 5LI<T5M5T P]=M$ BY ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY BR\<T AB\T 9 A FEW YE>S :AT A C5TURY ( ! MO/ VALIANT REVOLTS BY ! 9TELLIG5TSIA C\LD NOT1 NAMELY ! %AK+ ( ! F\NDATIONS ( ! OLD /RON<OLD ( DESPOTISM4 

,ALL ! OPPOSITIONAL & REVOLUTION>Y =CES 9 ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY CAN N[ MAKE !MSELVES FELT3 ! ELEM5T>Y1 CONFUS$ \TRAGE ( ! PEASANT1 ! LIB]AL DISSATISFACTION ( ! PROGRESSIVE NOBILITY1 ! ?RU/ T[>DS FRE$OM ( ! $UCAT$ 9TELLIG5TSIA1 ( ! PR(ESSORS1 MAN ( LETT]S & LAWY]S4 ,BAS$ ON ! REVOLUTION>Y MASS MOVEM5T ( ! URBAN PROLET>IAT1 & M>*+ ALONG BEH9D IT1 !Y CAN ALL LEAD A GREAT >MY ( FI<T+ PEOPLE1 ONE PEOPLE1 AGA9/ ,CZ>ISM4 ,BUT ! P[] & ! FUTURE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T LIES 5TIRELY & EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! CLASS-CONSCI\S ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 S9CE ONLY !Y KN[ :AT IT IS TO SACRIFICE !IR LIVES BY ! ?\S& ON ! BATTLEFIELD ( FRE$OM4 ,& ?\< AT FIR/ ! LEAD]S ( ! RIS+ MI<T BE *OS5 =TUIT\SLY1 ?\< ! RIS+ MI<T BE CL\D$ \TW>DLY BY ALL K9DS ( ILLUSIONS & TRADITIONS - IT IS REALITY ! RESULTS ( ! 5ORM\S AM\NT ( POLITICAL 5LI<T5M5T :I* HAS BE5 PROPAGAT$ 9VISIBLY AMONG ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS 9 ! PA/ TWO YE>S BY ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC AGITATION4 

,9 ,RUSSIA1 AS 9 ! :OLE WORLD1 ! CAUSE ( FRE$OM & SOCIAL PROGRESS N[ LIES ) ! CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT4 ,IT IS 9 V]Y GOOD H&S6 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,! ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA -- ,UPDAT$4 

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