,*APT] #df 
,! ,JANS5I/S 

#aiicaiic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #d#f3 ,! ,JANS5I/S 

  

,:ILE ,HOLL& & ,5GL&1 BO? ( :I* ACCLIMAT$ !MSELVES TO ! =MAL FRE$OMS ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 5G5D]$ A MULTITUDE ( SECTS :OSE LANGUAGE -- /ILL TAK+ ON !OLOGICAL >TIFICES -- LESS & LESS DISSIMULAT$ !IR IDEOLOGICAL TEXTURE1 ! ,CA?OLIC C\NTRIES1 :I* W]E PREY TO ! DI/RACTION ( ! ,C\NT]-,RE=MATION1 ONCE AGA9 F\ND 9 MON>*AL & PONTIFICAL ABSOLUTISM ! GU>ANTEE ( A ,CA?OLICISM ?AT WAS RE/OR$ TO ITS TEMPORAL & SPIRITUAL P[]S4 

,9DULG+ 9 ! ,CON/ANT9IAN P>ODY ( ! DIV9E RI<T1 ,L\IS ,X,I,V P]SI/$ 9 DISSIMULAT+ -- UND] ! POMP ( A ,*UR* 9 :I* ,BOSSUET 5JOY$ ,LULLY.<#e#a#i.> -- ! PUSILLANIMITIES ( A TORM5T$ NATURE1 CORROD$ BY ! S\RNESS ( PRE/IGE4 ,! SUN1 ) :I* 79 ! MANN] ( ! M$IOCRE ONES7 HE CLAIM$ TO CR[N HIMSELF1 ONLY DISP5S$ ITS LI<T UPON ! C\RTI]S ( LIT]ATURE & ! >TS1 APT TO DILUTE !IR G5IUS 9 ! >TIFICE ( PANEGYRIC4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 OBSCURANTISM DID NOT SP>E FREE SPIRITS SU* AS ,CYRANO DE ,B]G]AC1 ! PEASANTS R$UC$ BY FAM9E & ! RAPACITY ( ! TAX COLLECTORS1 OR ! ,PROTE/ANTS CONDEMN$ BY ! ?\S&S TO ! GALLEYS4 ,?IS WAS ! REIGN ( ! HYPOCRITES1 :O ?REW UPON ! PYRE ! POET ,CLAUDE ! ,SMALL = HAV+ CELEBRAT$ ! >T ( FUCK+ :ILE ! SOV]EIGN BA!D ! B$ ( HIS ANCILL>Y C\PL+S ) REMORSE4 

,! QU>REL ( ,JANS5ISM ?US 9SCRIB$ ITSELF 9 ! >*AIC FRAMEWORK ( !OLOGICAL DISPUTES & ! POLITICAL TRADITION 9 :I* ! TEMPORAL MA/]S CLAIM$ ?AT !Y %\LD BE LEGISLATORS 9 SPIRITUAL MATT]S4 

,MI*EL ,BAIUS 

  

,BORN 9 #aeae 9 ,MESL9-L',EVEQUE 9 ! ,HA9AUT REGION1 ,MI*EL ,BAIUS 7OR DE ,BAY7 UND]TOOK -- AS A F]V5T ,CA?OLIC & ,DOCTOR ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,L\VA9 -- TO COMBAT ,LU!RANISM & ,CALV9ISM1 :I* BECAME WIDESPREAD 9 ! ,NE!RL&S BY BAS+ !MSELVES ON ! ,SCRIPTURES ?AT W]E ]ECT$ AS ! SUPREME AU?ORITY BY ! ,PROTE/ANTS4 

,) HIS FRI5D ,JOHN ,HESSELS1 ,BAIUS OPPOS$ TO ,CALV9 -- = :OM ! IRREM$IABLY BAD HUMAN BE+ WAS COMPLETELY 9 ! CAPRICI\S H&S ( ,GOD -- A MANN] ( S(T5+ ! DOCTR9E ?AT W5T BACK TO ,AUGU/9E ( ,HIPPONE4 ,= ,BAIUS1 NATURE WAS ORIG9ALLY GOOD1 BUT EM95TLY CORRUPTIBLE4 ,ADAM S9N$ FREELY &1 ?R\< HIS S91 LO/ ! CONTROL HE HAD EX]CIS$ OV] HIS S5SES4 ,EV] S9CE !N1 MANK9D HAS FELT ! ATTRACTION ( CONCUPISC5CE SO VIVIDLY ?AT HE CANNOT RESI/ IT4 

,FROM ! ,AUGU/9IAN NOTION ( PR$E/9ATION ,CALV9 9DUC$ ! IDEA ?AT1 SAV$ OR DAMN$ BY ,GOD'S WILL ALONE1 ! .<HUMAN.> CREATURE HAD NO O!R *OICE BUT TO ASSUME ! BURD5 ( HIS MIS]Y AS IF IT W]E A CON/ANT TORM5T 9 :I* ALL PLEASURE WAS OBSC5ELY DISSONANT4 ,BUT PR$E/9ATION ALSO (F]$ TO ALL HUMANS ! >GUM5T ACCORD+ TO :I* EV]Y?+ WAS P]MITT$ BECAUSE ,GOD MOCK$ HUMAN EF=TS .<OEUVRES.>4 ,H>DLY TO BE SUSPECT$ ( DEBAU*]Y & LIC5TI\SNESS1 ,BAIUS M]ELY OP5$ P>T-WAY ! DOOR ( !OLOGICAL FREE WILL ONTO ! DESP]ATE SOAK+ TO :I* ! DEV\T ,RE=M]S DEVOT$ !MSELVES4 

,AT FIR/1 ! CONCEPTIONS ( ,BAIUS & ,HESSELS DID NOT %OCK ! ,C>D9AL ( ,GRANVELLE1 :O WAS ! ,GOV]NOR ( ! ,NE!RL&S1 NOR ! PAPACY1 S9CE ! TWO !OLOGIANS P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,TR5TE4 

,EV5 :5 ,PIUS ,V REACT$ 9 A ,PAPAL ,BULL BY CONDEMN+ #gc PROPOSITIONS ADVANC$ BY ,BAIUS1 HE -- :OSE NAME HAD NOT BE5 M5TION$ -- REMA9$ ! ,*ANCELLOR ( ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,L\VA9 & SUBMITT$ A RETRACTION 9 GOOD GRACES4 

,AMONG HIS ADEPTS W]E A ,L\VA9I/ !OLOGIAN1 ,JACQUES ,JANSON1 & ! ,BI%OP ( ,YPRES1 ,CORNELIUS ,JANS5IUS1 :O SWORE TO WA% ,BAIUS'S REPUTATION ( SUSPICIONS ( HET]ODOXY1 :I* W]E UNM]IT$ 9 !IR EYES4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! ,JESUIT ,LESSIUS REVIV$ ! QU>REL 9 ! MILIEUS ?AT W]E LY+ 9 WAIT = !OLOGICAL SPECULATIONS TO :I* !Y ATTRIBUT$ PUBLIC 9T]E/ ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE -- ALREADY SUFFICI5TLY 5CUMB]$ BY ! CON/RA9TS ( ,MASS1 ! SACRAM5TS & ECCLESIA/ICAL RITUALS -- EASILY DISP5S$ )4 

,LESSIUS E/IMAT$ ?AT S9N]S LO/ NO?+ ( !IR MEANS TO ACC$E TO ! ET]NAL LIFE ( ! HEAV5S4 ,HE AGRE$ ) ! ,SPANI% ,JESUIT ,LUIS ,MOL9A 7#a#e#c#f-#a#f71 = :OM ! DIV9E PRES5CE DID NOT H9D] MANK9D'S FREE WILL 9 ITS *OICE BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL4 

,9 ! WOOD5 LANGUAGE ( !OLOGY1 ?IS WAS EXPRESS$ BY ! DISCORD BETWE5 ! !SES EXP\ND$ BY ,MOL9A 9 ,! ,CONCORDANCE ( ,GRACE & ,FREE ,WILL & ,JANS5ISM1 UNLESS IT WAS 9 FACT ! DISS5T BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN PRES5CE ?AT GOV]N$ ! WORLD AT ! CO/ ( NECESS>Y COMPROMISES & AN ]EMITIC ,*RI/IANITY ?AT S\<T 9 RETREAT 7F> FROM ! WORLD7 ! FEV]I% & ANGUI%$ APPROA* ( AN 9TRANSIG5T ,GOD4 ,AS ,MOLI]E ILLU/RAT$ ! SITUATION1 IT WAS ,T>TUFFE AGA9/ ! MISAN?ROPE ( ,PORT-,ROYAL4.<#e#b.> 

,CORNELIUS ,JANS5IUS 

  

,BORN 9 #aehe NE> ,LE]DAM 9 ,HOLL&1 ,CORNELIUS ,JANS5IUS /UDI$ AT ,UTRE*T & ,L\VA91 :]E HIS TEA*] WAS ,BAIUS' DISCIPLE1 ,JACQUES ,JANSON4 ,JANS5IUS WAS FRI5DS ) ,DUV]GI] ( ,HAURANNE1 ! FUTURE ,ABBEY ( ,SA9T-,CYRAN4 ,HE DEVOT$ HIMSELF PASSIONATELY TO ! /UDY ( ,AUGU/9E ( ,HIPPONE & ! !SES ?AT HE OPPOS$ TO ?OSE ( ,PELAGE4 ,AFT] A /AY 9 ,FRANCE1 HE RETURN$ TO ,L\VA92 HE BELIEV$ HE HAD DISCOV]$ 9 ,HIPPONE'S PHILOSOPHY >GUM5TS ?AT W\LD PROP]LY REHABILITATE ,BAIUS4 ,IT IS NOT EASY TO DIS5TANGLE ! MOTIVES ?AT 9CIT$ HIM TO CONFRONT PONTIFICAL ?UND]BOLTS & ! P[]FUL P>TY ( ! ,JESUITS4 ,HIS AFFECTION = ,JACQUES ,JANSON8 ,! HOPE ( %9+ 9 ! F>AWAY REFLECTION ( ! PYRES8 ,A RIGOR ?AT CORRESPOND$ TO HIS TA/E = ASCETICISM & ?AT 9CIT$ HIM TO DISAPPROVE ( ! DISCREET LIC5SE ( ! CONFESSORS :O MIX$ DEVOTION ) ! P]FUME ( ! B\DOIR & PRACTIC$ 9 !OLOGICAL FA%ION A PSY*OANALYSIS WELL BE=E !RE WAS SU* A ?+8 

0,! MORE ,I ADVANCE10 ,JANS5IUS WROTE TO ,SA9T-,CYRAN1 0! MORE ! AFFAIR FRI<T5S ME 744474 ,I DO NOT D>E TO SAY :AT ,I ?9K AB\T PR$E/9ATION & GRACE \T ( FE> ?AT1 :5 ALL IS SAID & DONE1 :AT HAS HAPP5$ TO ! O!RS WILL HAPP5 TO ME0 7HE W\LD BE CONDEMN$74.<#e#b#a.> 

,JANS5IUS HAD ! =E?\<T TO DIE FROM ! PLAGUE 9 ,YPRES %ORTLY AFT] HE S5T A LETT] TO ,POPE ,URBAN ,V,I,I,I ?AT DECL>$ HE WAS DISPOS$ TO APPROVE1 IMPROVE OR RETRACT HIS /ATEM5TS 0ACCORD+ TO :AT W\LD BE PRESCRIB$ BY ! VOICE ( ?UND] ?AT COMES FROM ! SKIES ( ! APO/OLIC ,SEE40.<#e#b#b.> 

,HIS PO/HUM\S WORK1 ! ,AUGU/9US1 PUBLI%$ 9 #a#f#d1 WAS CONDEMN$ BY ,URBAN ,V,I,I,I TWO YE>S LAT]4 

,! ,FA!R ( ,AVRIGNY SUMM>IZ$ ,JANS5IUS' DOCTR9E 9 HIS ,*RONOLOGICAL & ,DOGMATIC ,MEMOIRS4  
  

,S9CE ! FALL ( ,ADAM1 PLEASURE IS ! UNIQUE SPR+ ?AT MOVES ! HE>T ( MAN2 ?IS PLEASURE IS 9EVITABLE :5 IT COMES & 9V9CIBLE :5 IT HAS COME4 ,IF ?IS PLEASURE IS CELE/IAL1 IT BR+S VIRTUE2 IF IT IS T]RE/RIAL1 IT DET]M9ES VISE2 & ! WILL F9DS ITSELF NECESS>ILY L$ BY ! /RONG] ( ! TWO4 ,!SE TWO PLEASURES1 ! AU?OR SAYS1 >E LIKE ! TWO PLATES ON A BALANC+ SCALE2 ONE CANNOT RISE )\T ! O!R ONE DESC5D+4 ,?US1 MAN DOES GOOD OR EVIL1 9V9CIBLY BUT VOLUNT>ILY1 ACCORD+ TO :E!R HE IS DOM9AT$ BY GRACE OR CUPIDITY4.<#e#b#c.>  
  

,H]E IS PRO( -- IF PRO( WAS NE$$ -- ?AT ! ROOT ( ALL ?AT CON/ITUT$ CONTROV]SIAL RELIGI\S MATT]S RESID$ 9 ! TORM5T$ ATTITUDES ( 9DIVIDUALS :5 !Y W]E CONFRONT$ BY ! PLEASURES ( A LIFE ?AT WAS D5I$ !M BY VIRTUE ( ! M&ATES ( HEAV5 & ! ,SPIRIT1 :I* W]E ! SAD AB/RACTIONS ( ! E>? & ! BODY1 RESPECTIVELY4 

,! ,*UR*'S OBSESSION WAS NOT CAUS$ BY ! SC&AL\S LIC5SES TO :I* PI\S ,JANS5IUS WAS IMPROBABLY GIV5 ACCESS1 BUT BY ! SELF-DET]M9ATION ?AT HE ATTRIBUT$ TO MAN & ?AT -- TURN$ T[>DS ! MO/ DEV\T ASCETICISM -- REMOV$ FROM DOGMA & ! CL]GY !IR UTILITY 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( BE+S & ?+S4 

,JANS5ISM MOREOV] QUITE RAPIDLY TOOK %APE FROM )9 A ,CALV9ISM TRANSPLANT$ 9TO A SOCIETY ?AT /ILL HAD NOT DELEGAT$ ITS P[]S TO FREE 5T]PRISE & ! DEVOTION TO MONEY SANCTIFI$ BY ,GOD4 

,JOHN ,DUV]GI] ( ,HAURANNE1 ! ,ABBEY ( ,SA9T-,CYRAN & A LONG-TIME P>TISAN ( ,BAIUS' IDEAS1 SAW HIS MISSION 9 ! PROPAGATION ( ! DOCTR9E ( HIS FRI5D ,JANS5IUS4 ,HIS RIGOR WAS GREATLY DISPLEAS$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! 5JOYM5T ( PLEASURES *ILL$ BY REMORSE L$ TO ! COMPLAC5CY ( DIS5*ANTM5T4 ,HE WON ! SYMPA?IES ( ! ,>NAULD FAMILY1 ESPECIALLY ,PASCAL & ,NICOLE1 :O SUPPORT$ ! MONA/]Y ( ,PORT-,ROYAL & ]ECT$ IT AS A BA/ION ( ,JANS5ISM4 

,:5 ,SA9T-,CYRAN DI$ 9 #a#f#d#c1 HE WAS SUCCE$$ BY ! 0,GREAT ,>NAULD10 :O TOOK ! LEAD ( ! MOVEM5T1 :I* HE TREAT$ AS IF IT W]E A FAMILY AFFAIR4 ,IT IS NOT USELESS TO DWELL A LITTLE UPON ?IS CLAN1 :I* BR&I%$ BE=E ! C\RT .<( ,FRANCE.> & ,ROME A !OLOGICAL >S5AL :OSE FIRE-P[] SEEM$ TO RESULT FROM ! DISC\RTE\S RELATIONS ?AT DIVID$ ! MEMB]S ( A BRO!RHOOD ?AT WAS AS HOLY AS IT WAS TORM5T$4 

,! ,>NAULD ,FAMILY 

  

,ORIG9ALLY FROM ,H]M5T1 9 LE ,PUY-DE-,DOME1 ,ANTO9E ,>NAULD 7#a#e#f-#a#f#a#i7 WAS BORN TO A ,PROTE/ANT FA!R :OM ,SA9T ,B>!LEMY CONV9C$ TO CONV]T TO ,CA?OLICISM4 ,ANTO9E SETTL$ 9 ,P>IS 9 #aegg & PR(ESS$ A DISDA9 = ! GLORY ( WEAPONS & ! CONQUE/ = ROYAL FAVORS1 :I* MADE RELIGION HIS FIELD ( BATTLE4 ,FROM HIM CAME A BRE$ ( MAGI/RATES & LE>N$ M5 :OSE ,PURITAN RIGOR1 TA/E = AU?ORITY1 A C]TA9 PROP5SITY = REVOLT & A SOLID S5SE = BUS9ESS W\LD HAVE TURN$ T[>DS ,CALV9ISM IF ,JANS5ISM HAD NOT FURNI%$ A BETT] OPPORTUNITY4 

,A C\NSELOR TO ,CA!R9E DE ,M$ICI AFT] HE /UDI$ AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,P>IS & GOT A DEGREE 9 LAW FROM ,B\RGES :ILE /UDY+ UND] ,CUJAS1 ,ANTO9E ,>NAULD !N 5T]$ ! B> & APPLI$ HIMSELF ) >DOR TO SEV]AL POLEMICS AGA9/ ! ,JESUITS4 ,A ,GALLICIAN & NATIONALI/1 HE MOCK$ !IR 0BL9D OB$I5CE TO A ,SPANI% ,G5]AL10 DEF5D$ ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,P>IS AGA9/ !M & WAS OPPOS$ TO !IR RETURN AFT] ,*ATEL'S ATTACK AGA9/ ,H5RY ,I,V CAUS$ !M TO BE BANI%$ FROM ,FRANCE4 

,ANTO9E'S WIFE1 ,CA!R9E ,M>ION 7:O BECAME A NUN AT ,PORT-,ROYAL 9 #a#f#d#a71 GAVE BIR? TO #b *ILDR51 AMONG :OM ,CA!R9E1 ,JACQUEL9E-,M>Y-,ANGELIQUE1 ,JEANNE-,CA!R9E-,AGNES 7AU?OR ( A BOOK CALL$ ,LETT]S71 ,ANNE1 ,M>Y1 & ,MADELE9E W\LD BELONG TO ! ,ABBEY1 AS DID ,ROB]T & ,ANTO9E1 ! #b? *ILD1 :O BECAME KN[N AS ! 0,GREAT ,>NAULD40 ,H5RI ,>NAULD W\LD BECOME ! ,BI%OP ( ,ANG]S1 !REBY PROVID+ HIS FAMILY -- ALWAYS AT ! FRONTI]S ( H]ESY -- ) ! PL$GE ( HIS OR?ODOXY4 

,! LA/ *ILD ( ,CA!R9E ,M>ION1 ! ,GREAT ,>NAULD 7BORN 9 #a#f#a#b71 WAS SEV5 YE>S OLD :5 HIS TYRANNICAL & BRUTAL FA!R DI$2 ! *ILD WAS $UCAT$ BY HIS MO!R OR1 MORE EXACTLY1 BY ! CELEBRAT$ ,ABBEY ( ,SA9T-,CYRAN1 :O PRESID$ OV] ! DE/9Y ( ,PORT-,ROYAL4 ,YET ! WORLD S$UC$ LITTLE ,ANTO9E2 JURISPRUD5CE ATTRACT$ HIM2 HE FREQU5T$ ! MANSION ( ,RAMB\ILLET2 & HE WAS 9ITIAT$ 9TO ! LIT]>Y >T ( PRECI\SITY & IMITAT$ ,VOLTAIRE4 ,BUT HIS FATE HAD BE5 DECID$3 HE BELONG$ TO !OLOGY4 ,5ROLL$ AT ! ,SORBONNE 9 #a#f#c#c1 HE /UDI$ ,AUGU/9E UND] ! SPIRITUAL DIRECTION ( ,SA9T-,CYRAN4 ,! LATT]1 = :OM 0NO?+ IS AS DANG]\S AS KN[L$GE10 IMPOS$ ORDEALS ON ! Y\NG MAN3 FA/+ TWICE A WEEK1 PRAY+ & READ+ ! ,HOLY ,SCRIPTURES ON B5D$ KNEE4 

,AFT] BE+ ORDA9$ A PRIE/1 ! Y\NG MAN 5T]$ ,PORT-,ROYAL ONE YE> LAT] 79 #a#f#d#a71 RESOLV$ TO 0FLEE ! CONV]SATION ( ! WORLD LIKE POISON$ AIR40 ,ONE SAYS ?AT HE PU%$ ! LOVE ( MY/]Y TO ! PO9T ( D5\NC+ AS FALSE A !SIS ?AT HE JUDG$ TO BE TOO 9TELLIGIBLE4 ,! ,FREQU5T ,COMMUNION 7#a#f#d#c71 :I* WAS PUBLI%$ ! YE> ?AT ,SA9T-,CYRAN DI$1 BR\<T HIM TO ! HEAD ( ! ,JANS5I/ CURR5T & >\S$ ! HATR$ ( ! ,JESUITS1 :O S*EM$ TO 9C>C]ATE HIM 9 ! ,BA/ILLE4 ,DUR+ ! #be YE>S ?AT HIS RETREAT LA/$1 ! ,GREAT ,>NAULD 5GAG$ 9 POLEMICS AGA9/ ! ,JESUITS 7,NEW ,H]ESY 9 ,MORALITY1 ,! ,MORAL ,PRACTICE ( ! ,JESUITS71 :I* FURNI%$ ,PASCAL ) ! MAT]IAL = HIS ,LETT]S ,WRITT5 TO A ,PROV9CIAL4 ,RETURN$ TO GRACE 9 #a#f#f#i1 ! ,GREAT ,>NAULD BECAME FRI5DS ) ,BOILEAU & ,RAC9E1 & VIOL5TLY ATTACK$ ,CALV9ISM1 !REBY REJO9+ HIS BRO!R1 ,H5RI1 ! ,BI%OP ( ,ANG]S1 :O APPLAUD$ ! REVOCATION ( ! ,$ICT ( ,NANTES4 

,:5 POLITICS TOOK A HO/ILE TURN AT ,PORT-,ROYAL1 ! ,GREAT ,>NAULD FL$ TO ,MONS1 ,T\RNAI & ,BRUSSELS1 :]E HE DI$ 9 #a#f#i#d4 ,A LETT] FROM HIS FRI5D1 ! ABBEY ( ! ,TRAPPI/ MONA/]Y1 %[S ! E/EEM 9 :I* HE WAS HELD3 0,AT LA/1 ,MONSIEUR ,>NAULD IS DEAD4 ,AFT] PU%+ HIS C>E] AS F> AS HE C\LD1 HE HAD TO 5D IT4 ,:ATEV] ELSE ONE SAYS1 !SE QUE/IONS >E N[ CLOS$40.<#e#b#d.> ,TO ,ABBEY ,BREMOND1 H]E WAS 0A !OLOGICAL MA*9E-GUN 9 P]PETUAL MOVEM5T1 BUT COMPLETELY EMPTI$ ( 9T]IOR LIFE40.<#e#b#e.> ,AT ! TIME1 IT WAS NOT NECESS>Y TO P]CEIVE ?AT ,>NAULD'S GR&EUR RESULT$ FROM AN ACCUMULATION ( PETT9ESS4 

,A SIMIL> SOCIAL LIFE & AN ELOQU5T REFUSAL ( ! WORLD ALSO ANIMAT$ ! LIFE ( ,ROB]T1 CALL$ ,>NAULD ( ,&ILLY4 ,HIS ,MEMOIRS S]V$ HIS [N GLORY MORE ?AN ?AT ( ! ,GOD HE CLAIM$ TO V5]ATE3 0,I HAVE NEV] HAD AN AMBITION1 BECAUSE ,I HAD TOO MANY40 ,! SUPREMACY ( ! ABSOLUTE NEV]!LESS TALLI$ ) ! >T ( 9TRIGUE & 9FLU5CE P$DL+4 ,A MADRIGAL ?AT HE (F]$ 9 ! MANN] ( ! ,G>L& ( ,JULIE %[$ ?AT HE W$D$ DEVOTION TO GALLANTRY )\T TOO MU* DIFFICULTY4 ,SA9T-,CYRAN MADE ,ROB]T HIS RESIDUAL HEIR ON ! CONDITION ?AT HE RETIR$ TO ,PORT-,ROYAL4 ,ROB]T !N US$ ALL K9DS ( PRETEXTS TO DELAY ! DATE ( HIS RETIREM5T4 ,HE S*EM$ AT BECOM+ ! TUTOR ( ! ,DAUPH92 HE PUBLI%$ ,/ANZAS ON ,DIV]SE ,*RI/IAN ,TRU?S2 WROTE A POEM ON ! LIFE ( ! ,*RI/2 PRODUC$ HIS ,LETT]S1 9 :I* HE TOOK C>E TO 9CLUDE 5DORSEM5TS FROM ! ,JESUITS4 ,9 VA94 ,! *>GE ?AT HE SO COVET$ ESCAP$ HIM & DISAPPO9TM5T PU%$ HIM TO ,PORT-,ROYAL1 :]E HE HA/5$ TO S5D SIX ( HIS DAU<T]S 7\T ( HIS #ae *ILDR574 ,! SC&AL ( HIS RETIREM5T1 OR*E/RAT$ = SO LONG1 MADE HIM A CELEBRAT$ P]SON & MADE ,JANS5ISM FA%IONABLE4 

,9 #a#f#f#d1 ! DISP]SION ( ! COMMUNITY CAUS$ ,ROB]T TO GO 9TO EXILE 9 ,POMPONNE1 :]E ONE ( HIS SONS LIV$4 ,HAV+ BE5 A ODI\S FA!R1 HE SEEM$ EXECRABLE TO HIS DAU<T]-9-LAW1 :O SAW HIM DIE )\T DISPLEASURE 9 #a#f#g#d4 ,HE HAD TRANSLAT$ ! ,AUGU/9E'S ,CONFESSIONS1 ,SA9T ,!RESA'S WORKS & ,FLAVIUS ,JOSEPH'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,JEWS4 

,JACQUEL9E-,M>Y-,ANGELIQUE1 ! DAU<T] ( ,ANTO9E ! ,ELD] 7BORN 9 #a#e#i#a71 WAS ( A COMPLETELY DIFF]5T NATURE4 ,H] BRUTAL FRANKNESS BROKE ) ! CAUTION ( ,ROB]T & ! ,GREAT ,>NAULD1 PEOPLE :O W]E MU* CLOS] TO ,T>TUFFE ?AN TO ,MOLI]E'S ,MISAN?ROPE4 ,9TELLIG5T & LIVELY1 %E PREF]R$ M>RIAGE TO ! ,ABBEY1 :I* WAS IMPOS$ ON H] FROM ! AGE ( SEV54 0,Y\ W\LD LIKE ME TO BE A NUN10 %E SAID2 0,I W\LD QUITE LIKE ?AT1 BUT ON ! CONDITION ?AT ,I AM AN ,ABBESS40 ,AT ! AGE ( N9E1 %E MADE H] PR(ESSION ( FAI?1 BUT NOT )\T SPECIFY+ ?AT %E 0FELT FREE 9 FRONT ( M51 & COMMITT$ TO ,GOD40 ,H] FR5ZI$ CALL+ WAS ALWAYS A HORROR3 0,I WAS CURS$ :5 M51 NOT ,GOD1 MADE ME AN ,ABBESS & :5 ! MONKS ( ! ,CITEAUX CONSECRAT$ ME AT ! AGE ( #a#a40 ,FROM ! O!R SIDE ( ! W9D[1 %E WAS VISIT$ BY H] FA!R & :5 HE1 FURI\S1 TREAT$ H] LIKE A P>RICIDAL MON/]1 %E /AT$3 0,MY P>5TS MADE ME A NUN AT ! AGE ( N9E1 :5 ,I DID NOT WANT TO BE ONE2 TODAY !Y WANT ME TO DAMN MYSELF BY NOT OBS]V+ MY ORD]40 

,:ILE ONE AFT] ANO!R ( H] SI/]S 5T]$ ,PORT-,ROYAL1 %E BECAME F]V5T AS IF OV]COME BY A SOMB] & DESP]ATE EC/ASY4 ,NAM$ ,ABBESS 9 #a#f#d#b1 %E W$D$ ! CAUSE ( ,JANS5ISM1 & DID NOT HESITATE TO TREAT ,POPE ,9NOC5T ,X AS A DECEIV] :5 ! FIVE PROPOSITIONS ( ,AUGU/9US W]E CONDEMN$ 9 #a#f#e#c4 ,GOD WAS ! WEAPON ( H] V5GEANCE AGA9/ ! M5 :O BANN$ H] FROM ! WORLD4 ,?IS PASSIONATE WOMAN1 :OSE 9TELLIG5CE & SADLY CON/RA9$ S5SUALITY M]IT$ A DE/9Y BETT] SUIT$ TO H] HOPES1 DI$ 9 #a#f#f#a1 :ILE ,POPE ,ALEX&] PROMULGAT$ NEW CONDEMNATIONS 9 A =MUL>Y ?AT ! CL]GY HAD TO SIGN4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,MOTIVAT$ MORE BY HATR$ ( ! ,JESUITS ?AN BY RELIGI\S CONVICTION1 A POPUL> CURR5T FLATT]$ ! ,JANS5I/S4 ,IT APPLAUD$ !IR REBELLION AGA9/ ,ROME & !IR 9SOL5CE 9 ! FACE ( A MON>* :O WAS AS VA9 AS HE WAS PETTY1 & :OSE MILIT>Y DEFEATS UND]M9$ ! PEOPLE'S 9FATUATION4 

,R$UC$ TO SIL5CE BY ! ?REAT ( CORPOREAL PUNI%M5T DECRE$ BY ,L\IS ,X,I,V1 ! ,JANS5I/S W5T TO ,HOLL&1 :]E !Y P\R$ \T LAMPOONS4 ,A ,JANS5I/ ,*UR* F\ND$ 9 ! ,NE!RL&S CONT9U$ TO EXI/ UNTIL ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 :]E ! FI<T WAS PURSU$ BY ,PASQUI] ,QUESNEL1 ! CONDEMNATION ( ITS PROPOSITIONS 9 #agac BY ! ,PAPAL ,BULL ,UNIG5ITUS CONFIRM$ ! 5D ( A MOVEM5T ?AT PASS$ AWAY LESS ON ITS [N ?AN DUE TO ! DECL9E ( !OLOGY1 ?AT IS1 ! LANGUAGE ( ,GOD4 

,/RIPP$ ( ITS CELE/IAL >GUM5TS1 ! RIGOR ( MORALITY REVEAL$ ! EFFECTS ( REPRESSION ?R\< ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( HY/]IA ?AT JU/IFI$ NEI!R RELIGI\S HOMILIES NOR POLITICAL SPEE*ES4 ,! BURIAL ( ,DEACON ,P>IS 7A MODEL ( ,JANS5I/ F]VOR7 9 ! CEMET]Y AT ,SA9T-,M$>D 9 ,P>IS BR\<T AB\T GRAVE-SIDE CONVULSIVE \TBUR/S & MIRACUL\S RECOV]IES ?AT EXHIL>AT$ ! ,P>ISIANS4 ,AN $ICT PROHIBIT+ CONVULSIONI/ ASSEMBLIES WAS EV5TUALLY REPLAC$ BY ! FOLL[+ CELEBRAT$ 9SCRIPTION3 0,9 ! NAME ( ! ,K+1 MAKE NO MIRACLES AT ?IS PLACE40 ,9 #a#g#h#g1 ,BONJ\R -- ! P>I%-PRIE/ ( ,F>E9S1 NE> ,TREV\X1 :O CONT9U$ ! TRADITION ( ! CONVULSIONI/S -- CRUCIFI$ HIS MI/RESS ON ! CROSS ( HIS *UR* 9 ! HOPE ( PRODUC+ NEW MIRACUL\S RECOV]IES4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiib 3 ,*APT] #df -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#f1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #df -- ,ADD$4 

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