,*APT] #bi 
,! ,CA?>S 

#aiicaiic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #b#i3 ,! ,CA?>S 

  

,! UNC]TA9 LI<TS ( ,M>CION HAVE PROJECT$ ! MO/ DIV]SE %AD[S ON ! WORLD & HI/ORY4 ,! FRANTIC F\ND] ( A ,*UR* ( :I* HE WANT$ TO BE ! MA/]1 ,M>CION IMPR9T$ ON ! ECCLESIA/ICAL P>TY1 :I* APPE>$ AMONG HIS ADV]S>IES1 ! POLITICAL WILL 9 :I* TEMPORAL EXIG5CES FOLD$ & REFOLD$ ,*RI/IANITY UNTIL IT FIT 9TO ! ,CON/ANTIAN MOLD4 ,MANI1 :O CAME FROM AN ,EL*ASAITE MILIEU1 WAS ALSO 9FLU5C$ BY ,M>CION4 ,:]E ,M>CIONITE *UR*ES SUNK BECAUSE ( ! UNSUPPORTABLE P>ADOX ( A MISSION>Y AU?ORITY ?AT CONFRONT$ ! ABSOLUTE EVIL ( ! UNIV]SE1 ,MANI F\<T HIS WAY ?R\< ! OLD ,P]SIAN DUALISM1 :I* WAS BETT] DISPOS$ TO RECEIVE IT ?AN ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN PROP5SITY TO M]*ANT RATIONALITY & ! RATIONALITY ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* WAS EASILY CONQU]$ BY MONO!ISM4 

,! ,PAULICIANS & ! ,BOGOMILES =M$ O!R BRAN*ES ?AT GREW 9 P>ALLEL TO ! DUALISM ?AT WAS ROOT$ 9 ! SEP>ATION ( MAN FROM HIMSELF1 :I* DIFFUS$ ! FRACTUR$ UNITY ( HUMAN LIFE BORN FROM NATURE 9TO LI<T & D>KNESS1 GOOD & EVIL1 & ! SPIRITUAL & ! MAT]IAL1 & ASPIR$ TO R$ISCOV] 9 NATURE 9 A NEW1 PEACEFUL & CREATIVE ALLIANCE4 

,! ,CA?> MOVEM5T1 SU* AS IT WAS PROPAGAT$ 9 ,NOR!RN ,ITALY1 ,PROV5CE1 ! ,RH9EL& REGION1 ,FL&]S & ,*AMPAGNE1 9 ! BEG9N+ PROCE$$ FROM ,BOGOMILE MISSION>IES4 ,! H]ETIC HUNT]S W]E NOT DECEIV$ :5 !Y CALL$ !M 0,BULG>I0 .<B\GRES.>1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ,BULG>IANS 7! ,SONG ( ! ,CRUSADE1 ,V4 #a#h1 CALLS ! ,ALBIG5SIANS 0?OSE FROM ,BULG>IA074 ,! T]M 0,CA?>10 :I* CAME FROM ! ,GREEK WORD CA?>OS1 0PURE10 SUGGE/S ! ,G]MAN WORD ,KETZ]1 0H]ETIC40 ,FL&]S KNEW !M FROM ! BEG9N+ AS ! 0PIFLES0 & 9 ,GAUL !Y W]E CALL$ ! 0WEAV]S10 A REF]5CE TO A GUILD ?AT WAS PROMPT$ TO TAKE ACTION AGA9/ TYRANNY & TO SPREAD IDEAS ( LIB]TY4.<#c#d#d.> 

,CA?>ISM MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9 ! CURR5T ( ! ,TWELF? ,C5TURY AS A NEW SYNCRETISM1 ASSIMILAT+ SEV]AL ,*RI/IAN NOTIONS & TEXTS1 BUT ON AN ABSOLUTELY DIFF]5T BASIS FROM ,*RI/IANITY & A =TIORI FROM ! ,CA?OLICISM ( ,ROME4 

,! ,FIR/ ,BOGOMILE ,MISSION>IES 

  

,S+UL> ?\< IT WAS1 ! CASE ( ,LEU?>D ( ,V]TUS SUGGE/S ! ACTION ( ,BOGOMILE MISSION>IES1 W&]+ M]*ANTS1 PILGRIMS1 IT9]ANT DAY-LABOR]S OR ,GOLI>DS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,O!R ISOLAT$ SECT>IANS MET 9 ,RAV5NA & ,MAY5CE4 

,>\ND #a#a#h1 AN IMPORTANT GR\P ?AT WAS WELL IMPLANT$ 9 ! WORK+-CLASS .<POPULAIRE.> MILEUX ( ,AQUITANE REJECT$ ! CROSS1 BAPTISM1 M>RIAGE & ! CONSUMPTION ( ANIMAL FLE%4 ,>\ND #a#b#b1 ! POPULATION ( ,T\L\SE %[$ ITSELF RECEPTIVE TO !IR 9FLU5CE -- FROM :5CE CAME ! REPUTATION AS AN OLD NE/ ( H]ETICS ?AT ,PETRUS ,VALIUM ATTRIBUT$ TO IT3 ,TOLOSA TOTA DOLOSA4.<#c#d#e.> 

,9 #a#b#b1 ! ,ORLEANS AFFAIR EXPLOD$4.<#c#d#f.> ,! NOBLES & PRIE/S ( ! ,*UR* ( ! ,HOLY ,CROSS1 9CLUD+ A FAMILI> ( ,K+ ,ROB]T & ! CONFESSOR ( ,QUE5 ,CON/ANCE1 PR(ESS$ ,BOGOMILE OP9IONS1 P]HAPS 9FLU5C$ BY AN ,ITALIAN MISSION>Y4 ,!Y HELD ?AT MATT] WAS IMPURE2 !Y REJECT$ M>RIAGE & ! PLEASURES ( LOVE1 BAPTISM1 COMMUNION1 CONFESSION1 PRAY]1 ! ECCLESIA/ICAL HI]>*Y & ! MAT]IAL EXI/5CE ( ! ,*RI/ 70,WE W]E NOT !RE & WE CAN NOT JUDGE IF IT IS TRUE10 !Y SAID 9 !IR V[S74 ,?R\< ! LAY+-ON ( H&S1 !Y PURIFI$ ! BELIEV] ( HIS OR H] S9S4 ,! ,HOLY ,SPIRIT !N DESC5D$ ON HIM OR H]2 FROM !N ON1 HIS OR H] S\L WAS RAIS$ UP & DELIV]$ FROM SUFF]+4 

,D5\NC$ TO ,K+ ,ROB]T1 ?IS GR\P WAS PLAC$ ON ! PYRE ON #bh ,DECEMB] #a#b#b1 FOLL[+ ! P5ALTY RES]V$ BY CU/OM>Y RI<T = SORC]]S4 ,! *RONICL]S ( ! TIME ASSUR$ !IR READ]S ?AT ! CONDEMN$ W5T TO !IR DEA?S LAU<+4 

,9 #a#b#e1 9 ! DIOCESES ( ,*ALONS & ,>RAS1 AN ,ITALIAN NAM$ ,G&ULF 9CIT$ ! 5?USIASM ( ! DIS9H]IT$ & ! WEAV]-WORK]S BY PREA*+ A DOCTR9E 9 :I* V>I\S SOCIAL !MES1 ,BOGOMILISM & ! RE=MS ANN\NC$ BY ,H5RI DU ,MANS & ,PI]RE DE ,BRUYS W]E MIX$4.<#c#d#g.> 

,= ,G&ULF1 IT WAS ABSURD TO IMPOSE BAPTISM ON NEW-BORNS :OSE REASON WASN'T SUFFICI5TLY 5LI<T5$ TO ACC$E TO EVANGELICAL LIFE4 ,! UNWOR?Y PRIE/S HAD NO RI<T TO ! PRET5SIONS ?AT !IR RESPONSIBILITIES CONF]R$ UPON !M4 ,! EU*>I/ WAS ONLY A 0VILE NEGOTIUM10 A 0VILE COMM]CE03 H[ C\LD ! ,*RI/ %>E HIS BODY ( FLE%1 BECOME BREAD1 ) SO MANY FAI?FUL8 ,FAI? HAD LITTLE REG>D = ! FACTS4 ,! ,*UR*ES W]E ONLY MASSES ( /ONES2 ! CROSS & ! ECCLESIA/ICAL HI]>*Y ) ITS BELLS & SONGS M]IT$ NO ATT5TION AT ALL4 

,M>RIAGE HAD NO IMPORTANCE3 IT WAS ONLY A QUE/ION ( MAK+ LOVE )\T BE+ SADDL$ ) AN AGGRESSIVE CONCUPISC5CE 7,CA?>ISM WAS ABSOLUTELY OPPOS$ TO SU* A TRAIT1 BUT1 ON ! O!R H&1 IT SANCTIFI$ .<TRADUIT.> ! EM]G+ & EPHEM]AL PRIVILEGES ( WOM51 :I* W\LD BE EXPRESS$ 9 A WAT]$-D[N =M BY C\RTLY LOVE74 

,! APO/OLIC LIFE CONSI/$ 9 LIV+ FROM ! WORK ( ONE'S [N H&S1 NOT HAT+ ANYONE1 & LOV+ ALL ONE'S FELL[S4 ,G]>D ! ,FIR/1 BI%OP ( ,CAMBRAI1 A CLEV] MAN :O WAS FAVORABLE TO RE=M ( ! ,*UR*1 PREF]R$ TO CLOSE HIS EYES &1 R5\NC+ ! REPRESSION ( ,G&ULF1 0RECONCIL$ HIM ) ! ,*UR*40 

,& YET1 9 ! SAME ]A1 ,T]RY1 A H]MIT LIV+ 9 A GROTTO NE> ,CORBIGNY1 9 ! ,NEV]S REGION1 MADE SIMIL> REM>KS & WAS BURN$ ALONG ) TWO WOM5 FROM AMONG HIS FAI?FUL4.<#c#d#h.> 

,9 ,ITALY1 FROM :5CE CAME C]TA9 AGITATORS1 ,BOGOMILISM /OCK$ UP & 5G5D]$ SPECIFIC DOCTR9ES4 ,9 #a#b#h1 A COMMUNITY ( SOME #c PEOPLE BELONG+ TO ! NOBILITY1 & C5T]$ >\ND ! ,C\NTESS ( ,ORTES1 MET AT ! *ATEAU ( ,MONTE=TE4 ,!Y =M$ AN ASCETIC GR\P :OSE ASPIRATIONS TO AN EVANGELICAL ,*RI/IANITY ASSIMILAT$ ! TEA*+S ( ,BOGOMILE & ANN\NC$ ,CA?>ISM4 

,! ,*RI/ WAS NOT ,GOD1 BUT ! ,S\L ( MAN1 ! BELOV$ ( ,GOD4 ,! HIDD5 MEAN+ ( ! ,BIBLE 7"97 & ! REVELATION ( ! ,HOLY ,SPIRIT PRESID$ OV] ! REG5]ATION ( EA*4 ,! NEW MAN1 DISAPPROV+ ( ALL ?AT CAME FROM ?IS WORLD1 W\LD DISCOV] 9 HIS VIRG9ITY HIS MO/ ELEVAT$ IDEAL1 ! DOCTR9E ( ! 0PURE LOVE0 7"9"97 ?AT W\LD BE PROPOS$ 9 ITS DIV]SE MEAN+S BY ! ,MONIALS ( ! ,?IRTE5? ,C5TURY1 ! ]OTICS ( ! TR\BAD\RS & ! ,CA?>S4 

7"97 ,!IR RECOGNITION ( ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T BREAKS ) ,BOGOMILE & ,CA?>I/ TEA*+S4 

7"9"97 0,IF HE IS M>RI$1 HIS %\LD CONSID] HIS WIFE TO BE HIS MO!R OR HIS SI/]1 & DREAM ?AT HUMANITY1 LIKE ! BEES1 WILL P]PETUATE ITSELF S9LESSLY40 

0,ALL GOODS MU/ BE PLAC$ 9 COMMON2 ONE MU/ NOT EAT MEAT2 ONE MU/ FA/ OR PRAY CON/ANTLY1 VISISSIM1 DAY & NI<T4 ,ONE MU/ MORTIFY ONESELF TO BE P>DON$ & AS SOON AS NATURAL DEA? APPROA*ES1 LET Y\RSELF COME TO AN 5D ?R\< ITS COMPANIONS TO A*IEVE M>TYRDOM & HOL9ESS40.<#c#d#i.> 7,?IS PRESCRIPTION WAS CLOSE TO ! ,CA?>S' VOLUNT>Y DEA? OR 5DURA47 

,:5 ! ,>*BI%OP ( ,MILAN1 ,>IB]T1 >RANG$ TO PURSUE !SE PEOPLE1 !Y (F]$ NO RESI/ANCE1 CONFESS$ !IR FAI? &1 OBLIG$ TO *OOSE BETWE5 ! ADORATION ( ! CROSS & ! PYRE1 !Y WILL+LY ?REW !MSELVES 9TO ! FLAMES1 ASSUR$ ( ANO!R WORLD ?AT W\LD LIB]ATE !M FROM ! MIS]ABLE IMP]FECTIONS ( T]RE/RIAL EXI/5CE4 

,O!R ADEPTS ( SIMIL> BELIEFS %[$ UP NE> ,V]ONA1 ,RAV5NA & ,V5ICE4 ,G]>D ( ,CSANAD 7#a#c#g-#a#d#f7 REM>K$ ?AT !Y HAD MANY BRO!RS 9 FAI? 9 ,GREECE4 ,!Y SCORN$ ! ,*UR*1 ! PRIE/S & !IR RITES1 & MOCK$ ! RESURRECTION ( ! FLE%4 

,BETWE5 #adc & #a#d#h1 ! AGITATION SPREAD TO ! REGION ( ,*ALONS1 NOT F> FROM ,V]TUS1 :]E ,LEU?>D HAD PREVI\SLY S[$ TR\BLE4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,RHEIMS 7#a#d#i71 !RE W]E MY/]I\S ASSEMBLIES ( PEASANTS :O REFUS$ M>RIAGE & ! PLEASURES ( LOVE4 ,!Y PRACTIC$ ! LAY+-ON ( H&S & REFUS$ TO KILL ANIMALS4 

,9 #a#e#a1 9 ,GOSL>1 ! EMP]OR CONDEMN$ TO ! GALL[S ?OSE ,LORRA9 PEASANTS :O REFUS$ TO KILL ! *ICK5S ?AT ! BI%OP ( ! T[N HAD PRES5T$ TO !M AS A TE/ ( !IR BELIEFS4 

,= ALMO/ A C5TURY1 NO DOCUM5T ATTE/$ TO ! P]PETUATION ( ,BOGOMILISM1 :I* WAS SUBJECT$ TO LOCAL 9T]PRETATIONS 9 ITS PROPAGATION 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,OR ITS ADH]5TS ASSUR$ !MSELVES1 ?R\< AN EXTREME PRUD5CE1 ( ! PROTECTIONS ( CL&E/9ITY1 OR ! COMMUNALI/ 9SURRECTIONS GAVE !IR DEM&S A LESS RELIGI\S TURN4 

,IT WAS NECESS>Y TO WAIT = ! #a#a#dS = ,BYZANTIUM'S P]SECUTION ( ,BOGOMILISM TO PU% T[>DS ! WE/ A NEW WAVE ( FAI?FUL1 (T5 ASSIMILAT$ BY ! ,MANI*EANS4 ,NO D\BT ! DEPLORABLE \TCOME ( ! ,SECOND ,CRUSADE RETURN$ TO !IR FOY]S ,CRUSAD]S :O HAD BECOME DISILLUSION$ &1 S9CE !IR /AY 9 ,BYZANTIUM1 C>RI]S ( ! NEW FAI? 9 :I* ! P[]S W]E ID5TIFI$ ) ,SATAN'S H5*M54 

,! ,SECOND ,WAVE ,( ,BOGOMILE ,PR$ICTION 

  

,T[>DS ! 5D ( ! FIR/ HALF ( ! ,TWELF? ,C5TURY1 ! 0NOVI HA]ETICI0 APPE>$ EV]Y:]E & 9 =CE4 ,! NAME 0,CA?>0 W\LD ONLY BE APPLI$ TO !M AFT] #a#a#f#c4 ,! PREA*]S1 SURR\ND$ BY !IR P>TISANS1 GAVE WAY TO S*OOLS1 ORGANIZATIONS & *UR*ES4 

,9 #a#a#d#c1 9 ,COLOGNE1 !RE W]E MANY PEOPLE :O L$ ! APO/OLIC LIFE1 GLORIFI$ !MSELVES BY POSSESS+ NO?+1 WORK$ ) !IR H&S & PUNCTUAT$ ) P]IODS ( FA/+ & PRAY] AN EXI/5CE ?AT WAS 9 CON=MITY ) ! V]ITABLE ,*UR*1 :I* WAS ASSUR$LY NOT ?AT ( ! RI* PRELATES4 ,! FIR/ PYRES ( H]ESY W]E LIT = !M 9 ,COLOGNE & ,BONN4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 TWO BRO!RS FROM ! VILLAGE ( ,BUSSY1 ,EVR>D & ,CLEM5T1 :O PROPAGAT$ IDEAS ( RE=M & PURIFICATION1 W]E DELIV]$ TO ,GUIB]T ( ,NOG5T1 :O HAD !M LYN*$ & BURN$ BY HIS H5*M54.<#c#e.> 

,9 ! ,P]IGORD1 >\ND #a#a#d#g1 ! 0NOVI HA]ETICI0 EASILY S$UC$ NOBLES1 CL]ICS1 MONKS1 NUNS1 PEASANTS1 & WEAV]S4 0,9 SC>CELY TWO YE>S1 ! ,CA?> MOVEM5T CONTROLL$ ! >EAS FROM ! ,RH9E TO ! ,PYR5EES 74447 ,! SP>K LIT 9 ! ,EA/ N[ BECAME A P[]FUL FLAME40.<#c#e#a.> 

,! OLD P>TISANS ( ,H5RI DU ,MANS RALLI$ TO ! ,CA?> BI%OP :O PREA*$ 9 ! REGION ( ,ALBI4 ,9 ! NOR?1 ,*AMPAGNE HAD A BI%OP AT ,MONT-,AIME4 ,! GRAV$IGG] ,M>CUS1 CONV]T$ TO ! NEW FAI?1 PREA*$ 9 ,LOMB>DY4 ,W&]+ MISSION>IES REA*$ ,NAPLES & ,5GL&1 :]E >\ND #aafb ADEPTS W]E QUICKLY PUT TO DEA?4 ,ON #e ,AUGU/ #a#a#f#c1 SEV]AL ,CA?>S W]E BURN$ 9 ,COLOGNE1 9 FRONT ( ! ,JEWI% CEMET>Y1 9 ! MANN] ( ,CANON ,ECKB]T4 ,! S*OL> ,HILDEG>DE VON ,B+5 DID NOT DISDA9 FROM D5\NC+ !M4 

,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( A V]ITABLE ,*UR*1 9T]NAL DISSID5CE & POLEMICS GREW4 ,WE/]N ,BOGOMILISM WAS GRAFT$ UPON AN 5SEMBLE ( SOCIAL DEM&S & A K9D ( APO/OLIC RE=M BY LETT+ MORAL PRACTICE TAKE PREC$5CE OV] DOGMATIC QUE/IONS4 ,A DIFF]5CE WAS CREAT$ BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN COMPON5T ( AN EGALIT>IAN EVANGELISM & A DUALI/ RELIGION ?AT HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ,*RI/IANITY ( ! ,MONTANI/ TYPE1 PROPAGAT$ BY ! CURR5TS ( VOLUNT>Y POV]TY4 

,! 9T]V5TION CIRCA #aafg ( ,NIKETAS1 ! ,BOGOMILE BI%OP ( ! ,*UR* ( ,BYZANTIUM 7:O WAS CLOSE TO ,M>CUS1 ! DEACON ( ! ,ITALIAN ,CA?>S71 IMPR9T$ ON ! 5TIRETY ( ! MOVEM5T A MORE EXAC]BAT$ DUALISM3 ,SATAN1 ! MA/] ( A MIS]ABLE WORLD1 WAS A DIV9ITY P>ALLEL TO ! ,GOD ( ,GOODNESS4 ,! 5TIRETY ( ! BELIEFS 9 :I* ! MAJORITY ( ! ,CA?> COMMUNITIES RECOGNIZ$ !MSELVES COMPOS$ A DOCTR9E ?AT WAS IRRECONCILIABLE ) ! PR9CIPLES ( ,*RI/IANITY4 ,MORE ?AN A H]ESY1 ,CA?>ISM %[$ ITSELF TO ,ROME ) ! AMPLITUDE ( A COMPET+ RELIGION1 A REG5]ATION ( ,MANI*EANISM4 

,NEV]!LESS1 RIVALRIES & S*ISMS MULTIPLI$ )9 ,CA?>ISM4 ,! CONCEPTION ACCORD+ TO :I* PURITY ( IDEAS & RITES DEP5D$ UPON MORAL PURITY CON/ITUT$ A WEAPON 9 ! RIVALRIES = P[]4 ,! ,CA?>S ( ,FLOR5CE REJECT$ ,G>ATTUS1 C&IDATE = ! ,LOMB>D PRIE/HOOD1 & REJECT$ HIS DOCTR9E BECAUSE HE HAD BE5 CAU<T 9 ! COMPANY ( A 0/> ( ! ,H]DSMAN0 .<A PRO/ITUTE.>4 ,?US ! /> ?AT ,LUCIF] BR\<T D[N ) HIM WAS CALL$ A PRO/ITUTE4 

,FUR!RMORE1 9 #aa< C]TA9 BI%OPS ( ,T\L\SE & ! ,>AN ,VALLEY PR(ESS$ !IR ,*RI/IAN FAI? & DISAV[$ ! BELIEF 9 TWO DIV9ITIES4 

,SU* 9T]NAL DISS5SIONS SURREPTITI\SLY 9TRODUC$ A F]M5T ( DESP]ATION 9TO ! MOVEM5T1 ! P[] ( :I* ATTRACT$ ALL SOCIAL CLASSES1 AS ,>NO ,BOR/ HAS %[N3  
  

,! >*BI%OPS ( ,BORDEAUX1 ,N>BONNE & ,B\RGES W]E S]I\SLY ?REAT5$ BY ,CA?>ISM4 ,9 ! SURR\ND+S ( ,ALBI1 ,T\L\SE & ,C>CASSONNE1 & 9 ,GASCOGNE1 ! ,CA?>S W]E SO NUM]\S ?AT ! ,C\NT ( ,T\L\SE1 FRI<T5$1 HAD TO 9T]V5E 9 #a#a#g#g4 ,! ,CA?>S APPE>$ 9 ! NOR? ( ,FRANCE1 9 ,B\RGOGNE & ,FL&]S2 !N 9 ,NEV]S1 ,VEZELAY1 ,AUX]RE1 ,TROYES1 ,BESCANCON1 ,METZ1 ,REIMS1 ,SOISSONS1 ,ROANNE1 ,>RAS & O!R T[NS4 ,9 ,SPA91 !Y W]E /ILL R>E1 BUT ONE F\ND !M 9 ,5GL& >\ND #a#b#a4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 ONE 5C\NT]$ !M ALL ALONG ! ,RH9E1 9 ! >*DIOCESES 9 P>TICUL>1 BUT ALSO 9 ! PRIE/HOODS ALONG ! ,DANUBE1 9 ,PASSAU & ,VI5NA4 ,BUT !IR P>ADISE WAS ! NOR? ( ,ITALY1 ! WALL$-9 WORLDS ( ! CITIES ( ,MILAN1 ,UD9E1 ,COMO & ,VIT]BE4 ,T[NS1 \T-LY+ >EAS1 VILLAGES & *ATEAUX W]E FILL$4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT1 NE>-BY OR FROM AF>1 HAD MORE OR LESS FAVOR$ ! HAT*+ ( ,CA?> ECUM5ICISM1 N[ F\ND ITSELF IMPLICAT$ BY ITS GREAT /UPEFACTION 9 A UNIV]SAL CONSPIRACY AGA9/ ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*4 ,ALL ( ! SOCIAL /RATA W]E T\*$ BY ! ,CA?> MISSION>IES4 ,! SEV]ITY ( ,CA?> MORALITY ATTRACT$ ! RUL+ CLASSES2 NOBLE & PR9CELY PATRONS1 KNI<TS1 & RI* & CULTIVAT$ PEOPLE W]E ATTRACT$ TO IT EV]Y:]E4 ,PRIE/S & MONKS RECEIV$ & PUT 9TO PRACTICE ! NEW SACR$ TEA*+S4 ,BUT !SE W]E NOT ! MILIEUX ?AT SPREAD !SE TEA*+S1 BECAUSE1 AT ?AT MOM5T1 EVANGELICAL MORALITY WAS NO LONG] ! FUNDAM5TAL PREOCCUPATION ( ! ,CA?>S3 ,BOGOMILE DOGMA HAD PASS$ FROM ! FIR/ RANK4 ,CA?>ISM'S SIMPLE RATIONALITY P>TICUL>LY T\*$ ! COMMON .<POPULAIRE.> CLASSES4 ,A GRAV$IGG] :O DAILY EXP]I5C$ ! DE/RUCTION ( MATT] PREA*$ 9 ,ITALY4 ,HIS PR9CIPAL !ME3 ! ,DEMON CREAT$ ! FLE%4 ,M5 ( ! P5 OR WEAV]S1 WORK]S BELONG+ TO S$5T>Y OR M$ITATIVE PR(ESSIONS1 FELL 9TO /EP1 FOLL[+ ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,A PROLET>IAN 9TELLECTUALISM TOOK HOLD ( ,BOGOMILE TEA*+S4 ,DESPITE ! 0AFF9ITY ( *OICE0 ?AT UNIT$ ! LABOR+ CLASSES ) ! MO/ ELEVAT$ LAY]S ( SOCIETY1 ?IS WAS NOT A PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS DISP>ATE 9 ITS SOCIAL /RUCTURE &1 9 #a#a#b#e1 IT WAS /ILL UNCLE> :I* W\LD IMPOSE ITSELF1 ! HI< OR ! L[1 ! ADEPTS ( A SIMPLE ,*RI/IANITY OR ?OSE ( ,BOGOMILE DUALISM4 

,! ,CA?>S' SITUATION ON ! ECONOMIC PLANE ALSO RE/$ ON A CONTRADICTION4 ,!Y C]TA9LY EXTOLL$ APO/OLIC POV]TY4 ,EA* ',P]FECT ,ONE1' UPON HIS 5TRANCE 9TO ! SECT1 HAD TO GIVE HIS =TUNE & HIS GOODS TO ! ,CA?> ,*UR* & TO SATISFY HIS NE$S ?R\< ! WORK ( HIS [N H&S4 ,! ADEPT WAS POOR1 NO D\BT1 & ! ,*UR* WAS RI*4 ,9 #aafb 9 ,FL&]S1 & 9 #aafc 9 ,COLOGNE1 IT (F]$ TO ! ,CA?OLIC PRELATES ! SPECTACLE ( A *UR* CORRUPT$ BY MONEY2 9 #a#a#g#g1 9 ! S\? ( ,FRANCE1 IT SWAM 9 RI*ES4 

,9 ,RIM9I1 AS 9 ,BEZI]S1 ! ,CA?>S PAWN$ .<!IR BELONG+S.>4 ,MOBS CR[D$ >\ND !SE 'PRO SUBSIDIIS TEMPORALIBUS4' ,& ! H]ETICS1 :O W]E !MSELVES M]*ANTS1 CONDUCT$ !IR AFFAIRS & ?OSE ( ! S\L 9 PUBLIC & AT ! SAME TIME4 ,!Y COLLECT$ !IR GIFTS = !IR ,*UR*4 ,!Y DID NOT PROHIBIT !IR ADEPTS FROM PRACTIC+ ! LOAN ) 9T]E/2 ! RI* BELIEV]S RELIEV$ !IR CONSCI5CES ) L>GE WID[S' MITES4 ,ONCE AGA91 ! CONFLICT APPE>$ BETWE5 ! EXIG5CIES ( ,WE/]N EVANGELICAL MORALITY & ! F9ANCIAL NECESSITIES ( A ,*UR* F\ND$ ON A WELL-DEF9$ DOGMA2 PR(IT+ FROM ! CONFUS$ SITUATION ?AT CREAT$ ,CA?>I/ CONTRADICTIONS1 A PRECOCI\S CAPITALISM WAS 9/AURAT$4 

,9 POLITICS1 ! POSITION ( ! ,CA?>S WAS NOT CLE>4 ,ESPECIALLY 9 ! S\? ( ,FRANCE1 ! ASCETICS :O SCORN$ ! WORLD W]E SOON SUPPORT$ BY ! NOBLES &1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,?IRTE5? ,C5TURY1 ALMO/ ALL ( ! B>ONS W]E !IR ADEPTS4 ,C\NT ,RAYMOND ,V,I ( ,T\L\SE 7#a#a#i#d TO #a#b#b#b7 & ,RAMON ,ROG] ( ,FOIX 7#a#a#h#h-#a#b#b#c7 W]E EXAMPLES4 ,!IR WIVES SUPPORT$ ! ,CA?> ,*UR*4 ,AN OLD >I/OCRAT1 ,PONTIUS ( ,RODELLE1 EXPLA9$ TO ,F\LQUES1 ! ,CA?OLIC ,BI%OP ( ,T\L\SE3 ! ,CA?>S >E \R P>5TS2 !Y LIVE AMONG US4 ,:Y MU/ WE P]SECUTE !M8 ,BUT IT WAS NOT UNIQUELY ! SEV]E & IMPRESSIVE MORALITY ( ! ,CA?>S ?AT S$UC$ ! NOBILITY4 ,! NOBILITY 9 ,PROV5CE WAS POOR & ! ,CA?>S W]E ! 5EMIES ( ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*1 ! RI*ES ( :I* W]E HELD BY ! LORDS4 ,! ,CA?>S DID NOT HAVE A POLITICAL PROGRAM2 .<BUT.> !Y BECAME ! 9/RUM5T ( POLITICS :5 !Y (F]$ !IR ALLIANCE TO ! ,C\NT ( ,T\L\SE AGA9/ ,P>IS4 ,! ,POPE WAS NOT COMPLETELY WRONG :5 HE REPROA*$ !M -- :AT MAKES A P[] IS ALWAYS WELL-MADE4 ,H]E AS WELL WAS 5?USIA/IC HONOR & BAD CONSCI5CE2 H]E AS WELL ! MAT]IAL ( ! H]E-BEL[ 9FILTRAT$ 9TO PIETY & R5UNCIATION4.<#c#e#b.>  
  

,! FIR/ POPUL> ,*RI/IAN REACTION TO ]ECT ITSELF AGA9/ ,CA?>ISM FURNI%$ AN >MY ( GREAT EFFICACITY1 SO ! ,*UR* DID NOT DISAV[ IT OR REJECT IT AS H]ESY4 ,BORN >\ND #a#a#g#c1 C5T]$ >\ND A M]*ANT NAM$ ,PI]RE ,VALDES OR ,VALDO1 ! ,VAUDOIS CURR5T PROPAGAT$ FIDELITY TO ,CA?OLIC DOGMA &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! NECESSITY ( A RE=M ( ECCLESIA/ICAL MORALS4 ,P]HAPS IT WAS TOO LATE :51 ! OCCASION LACK+1 ! POPES HA/5$ TO COMBAT ! ,CA?>S ON ! T]RA9 ( VOLUNT>Y POV]TY4 

,:5 ! ,CA?>S REPROA*$ ! ,SPANI% BI%OP ,DIEGO ( ,OSMA = PREA*+ 9 MAGNIFIC5CE1 HE *OSE TO CONFRONT !M UND] ! \TW>D APPE>ANCE ( POV]TY & HUMILITY4 ,DOM9IQUE DE ,GUZMAN & HIS ,DOM9ICAN ORD] ADOPT$ A SIMIL> TACTIC4 ,! WRET*$ RESULTS QUICKLY AUGUR$ ! 9ELUCTABLE REC\RSE TO ! F9AL SOLUTION4 

,! ASSASS9ATION ( ! PAPAL LEGATEE ,PI]RE ( ,CA/ELNAU 9 #abh BY SYMPA?IZ]S ( ! ,C\NT ( ,T\L\SE & ! ,CA?>S QUICKLY JU/IFI$ ! NECESSITY ( (F]+ TO ! CRUCIFIX ! 9DISP5SIBLE EXT5SION ( ! SWORD4 

,CITEAUX PREA*$ ! ,CRUSADE4 ,! CONFLICT ?AT OPPOS$ ,K+ ,PHILIPPE ,AUGU/ & HIS VASSAL1 ! ,C\NT ( ,T\L\SE1 ADD$ TO POLITICAL 9T]E/S ! HOPE ( PR(ITS & PILLAGES LESS HAS>D\S ?AN 9 ! ,S>AC5 REGIONS4 

,! ,5D ,( ,CA?>ISM 

  

,! VIOL5CE ( ! ,CRUSADE AGA9/ ! ,ALBIG5SIANS GAVE ! ,*UR* A POSITION ( /R5G? ?AT IT US$ TO CREATE A RUSE1 A RE=M ) :I* IT W\LD LESS & LESS ACCOMMODATE ITSELF4 ,H[ C\LD PEOPLE SO S5SITIVE TO ! PLEASURES ( ! BEYOND1 :]E ! ,GOOD ,GOD REIGN$1 NOT BE RESIGN$ 9 ! 5C\NT] ) ! BRUTES ( ! NOR?8 ,EV5 :5 ! RESI/ANCE WAS ORGANIZ$1 ! ,CA?>S C>RI$ !IR DEFEAT )9 !MSELVES4 ,!IR GOODNESS WAS F\ND$ ON ! R5UNCIATION ( SELF1 ON !IR LOVE ( AB/95CE4 ,:AT /R5G? C\LD !Y DRAW FROM ! PLEASURES ?AT W]E NOT ( ?IS WORLD8 

,:ILE EXT]M9ATION TI<T5$ >\ND !M1 ! ,CA?>S DID NOT TIRE ( DOGMATIC QU>RELS4 ,>\ND #a#b#c1 ,JOHN ( ,LUGIO COMPOS$ A VA/ WORK 9 ,LAT91 9 :I* HE TRI$ TO REVIVE ! ,*RI/IAN TRADITION BY F9D+ ! JU/IFICATION ( ,CA?>ISM 9 PHILOSOPHY4 

,9 ,ITALY1 ! T[NS CONTROLL$ BY ,C>?>ISM W]E1 BY TURNS1 PROTECT$ OR REPRESS$ ACCORD+ TO POLITICAL AB\T-FACES ?AT1 BREAK+ & R5EW+ ALLIANCES1 9CIT$ ! ,EMP]OR TO FIRE UP ! PYRES OR EXT+UI% !M4 

,LANGU$OC SUCCUMB$ 9 ! BLOOD 7MO/ (T5 MIX$7 ( ! ,CA?>S1 ! ,CA?OLICS & ! PEASANTS :O /ILL PRACTIC$ ! OLD AGR>IAN CULTS1 & 9 ! BLOOD ( ?OSE :O DID NOT C>E TO BELIEVE 9 :ATEV] IT WAS ?AT DOGMA 9SI/$ UPON4 ,BUT ! ,*UR* C>RI$ TO VICTORY BY ! ,FR5* RECONQUE/A FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! K+DOM DECORAT$ BY ! FLEUR-DE-LIS4 ,= TWO C5TURIES !REAFT]1 ! ,*UR* PAID ! PRICE BY 9D5TUR+ ITSELF TO ,FR5* TEMPORAL P[]4 

,FR$]IC ,I,I1 ANTICIPAT+ ALL ,ROMAN 9ITIATIVES1 SOON GAVE ! =CE ( LAW TO ! ORD9ANCES ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,LAT]AN4 ,HE DECRE$ DEA? BY FIRE = ALL ! ,CA?>S4 ,= HIM1 H]ESY WAS A CRIME AGA9/ ! ,/ATE2 HE HELD AS H]ETICAL ANYONE :O D>$ TO CONTE/ HIS DECISIONS1 S9CE HE WAS ! ,POPE4 

,ROME MADE USE ( ! H5*M5 9 MONKS' ROBES1 ! ,DOM9ICANS4 ,LANGU$OC P>TICUL>LY EXECRAT$ !IR 9SPIRATION1 ,DOM9IQUE1 & HIS ACOLYTE1 ,PI]RE1 CALL$ ! ,M>TYR1 :OM ! H>DL9]S SUCCE$$ 9 EXECUT+4 ,9 #a#b#c#a1 ! ,9QUISITION F9ALLY BEGAN TO FUNCTION4 ,IT RELIEV$ & LEGALIZ$ ! WORK ( ! H]ETIC HUNT]S1 :O HAD ACT$ ALMO/ ) P]SONAL TITLE1 SU* AS ,ROB]T ! ,BULG>I OR ,CONRAD ( ,M>BURG1 TORTUR]S :O ORGANIZ$ HUGE BOOK-BURN+S EV]Y:]E !Y W5T4 

,>\ND #a#b#d#d1 ) ! FALL ( ,MONTSEGUR'S BA/ION1 ,CA?>ISM RECEIV$ ! DEA?-BL[4 ,IT W\LD !NCE=? P]PETUATE ITSELF CL&E/9ELY1 /IRR+ UP R5EWALS ( REPRESSION 9 #a#b#i#e1 :5 ! PYRE WALL$ 9 ! AGITATIONAL CAMPAIGN ( ,PI]RE ,AUTI]1 OR 9 #a#c#b#a1 :5 ,PA/OR ,GUILLAUME ,BELIBA/E FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,9QUISITION & P]I%$ 9 FIRE4 ,9 #a#c#d1 ! PYRE WAS LIT AT ,C>CASSONE = ! LA/ ,CA?>S4 ,!Y SURVIV$ UP TO #acbb 9 ! >EAS >\ND ,FLOR5CE1 UNTIL #acd 9 ,SICILY1 #a*h 9 ,SI5NA & #adab 9 ,TUR94 7,! FIR/ SIGNS ( HY/]IA CONC]N+ ! 0BLACK ,MANI*EANISM0 ( SORC]Y1 :I* APPE>$ 9 ! ,F\RTE5? ,C5TURY & CULM9AT$ 9 ! ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY1 SUGGE/$ -- AS WELL AS A REGRESSION ( ! FRE$OMS ( WOM5 & LOVE -- A CONT9UATION ( ,CA?>ISM )\T ,CA?>S4 ,CONF\ND+ ,VAUDOIS & ! ,P]FECT ,ONES -- ONE W\LD SPEAK ( ! 0,VAUD]IE0 ( ,>RAS -- ! ,*UR* RECUP]AT$ ! PR9CIPLE ( PURITY &1 9 ITS WAY1 PURSU$ ! COMBAT ( ! ANGELS AGA9/ ! =CES ( EVIL3 ! M>G9ALS1 ,JEWS1 09F]IOR0 RACES1 & ALL ! SECT>IANS ( ! ,DEVIL47 

,DUALISM ,& ,ASCETICISM 

  

,DESPITE !IR DIV]SITY1 ! V>I\S LOCAL ,CA?>ISMS -- M9D Y\1 ,ALBIG5SIANISM1 SWELL$ BY ! ,CRUSADE1 WAS 9CORRECTLY PRES5T$ AS ! REALITY ( ! 5TIRE MOVEM5T -- %>$ C]TA9 COMMON TRAITS1 PR9CIPALLY L9K$ TO DUALISM & AN ASCETIC RIGOR ?AT COMPOS$ ! FIR/ ,GRECO-,ROMAN ,*RI/IANITY4 

,!RE W]E TWO MODES ( DUALISM4 ,ONE1 MITIGAT$1 CONCEIV$ ( A S+LE ,GOD1 ! CREATOR ( ALL ?+S1 9CLUD+ ! ANGEL ,SATANAEL1 :O REPUDIAT$ HIS NATIVE GOODNESS1 CORRUPT$ HIMSELF1 & DREW FROM MATT] A CORRUPT$ WORLD4 ,! HUMAN S\L1 PROC$+ FROM TWO PRIMORDIAL ANGELIC NATURES1 MADE USE 7?R\< FREE WILL7 ( ! FACULTY ( *OOS+ EVIL OR GOOD1 & ?US ?REW ITSELF 9TO SALVATION OR DAMNATION4 

,?IS DOCTR9E WAS PROPAGAT$ 9 ! MILIEUX ?AT W]E ATTA*$ TO A C]TA9 ,*RI/IAN =MALISM4 

.<,ON ! O!R H&.> ABSOLUTE DUALISM BROKE MORE DELIB]ATELY ) ,*RI/IANITY & RECOGNIZ$ TWO ANTAGONI/IC P[]S1 AS 9 ,M>CIONISM4 ,! MAT]IAL WORLD WAS ! WORK ( A ,BAD ,GOD4 ,! ,GOOD ,GOD 5G5D]$ AN UNCORRUPTIBLE UNIV]SE1 ?AT ( SPIRITS OR ! ,SPIRIT4 

,! !ORY ( ! ANGELOS-*RI/OS RESURG$ 9 ,CA?>ISM4 ,! ,*RI/1 ANGEL ( ,GOD1 ONLY POSSESS$ A SPIRITUAL BODY4 

,9 HIS ,BOOK ( ! ,TWO ,PR9CIPLES1 ,JOHN ( ,LUGIO >GU$ = ! CO-ET]NAL *>ACT] ( ! P]FECT WORLD1 ! DOMA9 ( ! ,GOD ( ,GOODNESS1 & ! BAD WORLD GOV]N$ BY ,SATAN4 ,! IDEA ?AT ,SATAN =C$ ,GOD TO REVEAL ! EVIL ?AT WAS 9 HIM UND] ! =MS ( ! ,WILL TO ,JU/ICE & ! ,P[] TO ,PUNI% PROC$$ CURI\SLY -- P]HAPS 9FLU5C$ BY ! ,KABBALI/IC ,JEWI% MILIEUX OR ! ,PASSAGIANS 7"97 -- FROM ! ,JEWI% ,GNO/ICISM ATTE/$ TO BY AN ,ESS5E FACTION4 

7"97 ,?IS WAS A ,JUDAIC SECT ?AT APPE>$ 9 ,LOMB>DY & WAS CONDEMN$ AT ! ,C\NCIL ( ,LOMB>DY 9 #a#a#h#d4 ,HO/ILE TO ! SACRAM5TS & ! ,*UR*1 ?IS SECT BELIEV$ ?AT CIRCUMCISION WAS 9DISP5SIBLE = SALVATION4 

,PROMPT$ BY ,M>CIONISM1 ,CA?>ISM PR(ESS$ AN ABSOLUTE REFUSAL ( NATURE1 :I* WAS ID5TIFI$ ) EVIL1 P]V]SION & DEA?4 ,UND]NEA? AN APP>5T RESPECT = LIFE -- :I* 5JO9$ !M FROM KILL+ O!R M5 OR ANIMALS1 EXCLUD$ !FT & VIOL5CE FROM !IR BEHAVIORS1 & TAU<T !M TO CONDUCT !MSELVES AS FUNDAM5TALLY GOOD PEOPLE 7TRAITS ?AT ONE F\ND AMONG APO/OLIC PREA*]S SU* AS ,G&ULF7 -- ! ,CA?>S SCORN$ ! PLEASURES ( EXI/5CE4 ,AT ! HE>T ( A CIVILIZATION ON :I* ! PRIVILEGES ( LOVE & WOM5 W]E ONLY TIMIDLY ASS]T$1 ! ,CA?>S CONDEMN$ ALL AMOR\S RELATIONS AS MORTAL S94 ,EV5 M>RIAGE WAS A 0JURATA =NICATIO40 ,WOM5 W]E TO BE AVOID$ ) FRI<T4 ,C]TA9 FAI?FUL ,CA?>S E/IMAT$ ?AT ,SATAN 9HABIT$ ! BODIES ( PREGNANT WOM54.<#c#e#c.> ,SU* AN EXTREME RIGOR DID NOT EXI/ )\T REV]SALS OR EXCESSES4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT ! ,CA?> BI%OP ,PHILIPPE HAS>D$ ! IDEA -- REPRIZ$ BY ! ,BE<>DS ( ! ,FREE ,SPIRIT -- ?AT 0!RE IS NO S9 BEL[ ! BELT40 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! BELIEV]S DID NOT FALL 9TO ! CON/RA9TS ( ! PURITANISM IMPOS$ ON ! ,P]FECT ,ONES & MADE USE ( ! RI<T TO GET M>RI$4 

,! ,P]FECT ,ONES REFUS$ TO SWE>1 TAKE OA?S OR SIT ON TRIBUNALS1 BECAUSE HUMAN JU/ICE WAS ESS5TIALLY DIABOLICAL4 ,IT WAS NOT P]MITT$ = ! ,P]FECT ,ONES TO C>RY >MS1 EAT MEAT OR AB&ON !MSELVES TO ! LEA/ VOLUPTU\SNESS4 

,! CONSOLAM5TUM1 ! PR9CIPAL C]EMONY & H]ITAGE ( ,BOGOMILISM1 ABSOLV$ ALL S9 & 9ITIAT$ ONE 9TO ! ORD] ( ! ,P]FECT ,ONES4 

,! 5DURA1 OR ! FA/ ?AT WAS SOMETIMES PROLONG$ UP TO DEA?1 WAS A =M ( SUICIDE4 ,IT WAS NEV] MADE ! OBJECT ( AN OBLIGATION OR AN 9DUCEM5T1 CONTR>Y TO ! ASS]TIONS PROPAGAT$ BY ! ,CA?OLICS1 BUT ! 5DURA DID POSSESS A C]TA9 ATTRACTION = PEOPLE :O W]E LITTLE DISPOS$ TO DISCOV] ! *>MS ( ! H]E-BEL[4 

,FEW ,CA?> TEXTS HAVE SURVIV$1 O!R ?AN ! ,LIB] DE DUOBUS PR9CIPIIS ( ,JOHN ( ,LUGIO & ! ,9T]ROGATIO ,JOHANNIS1 A GOSPEL ( ,BOGOMILE ORIG94 ,O!R WRIT+S CIRCULAT$ & E*O$ 9 ! ,SUMMA DE CA?>IS BY ! APO/ATE ,CA?> ,RA9I] ,SACCONI4 ,FABLES ?AT COMPOS$ A V]ITABLE MY?OLOGY TRANSLAT$ ! TEA*+S ( ! ,P]FECT ,ONES 9TO COLORFUL N>RATIVES 7A DRAGON C>RIES (F ! ANGELS 9 ! FOLDS ( ITS TAIL2 BATTLES 9 A GLASS SKY ?AT BREAKS UND] ! WEI<T ( DEMONS2 ! !ME ( GOLEM ANIMAT$ BY ,LUCIF]44474 ,!IR 9FLU5CE ON FOLKLORE .<,5GLI% 9 ORIG9AL.> /ILL HASN'T BE5 /UDI$4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiib 3 ,*APT] #bi -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#f1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #bi -- ,ADD$4 

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