,*APT] #ag 
,?REE ,LOCAL ,*RI/IANITIES3 ,$ESSA & ,B>DESANE1 ,ALEX&RIA & ,ORIG51 ,ANTIO* & ,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE 

#aiicaiic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a#g3 ,?REE ,LOCAL ,*RI/IANITIES3 ,$ESSA & ,B>DESANE1 ,ALEX&RIA & ,ORIG51 ,ANTIO* & ,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE 

  

,:ILE ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY W\LD1 = ! FIR/ TIME & DESPITE ! DISS5T ( A M9ORITY ( ! BI%OPS1 CONCRETIZE ! PROJECT ( A ,*RI/IANITY ?AT WI%$ TO CONQU] ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN ,EMPIRE & 5D$ UP UNIFY+ ! RIVAL *UR*ES1 !RE W]E ?REE CITIES 9 :I* ! OLDE/ ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN TRADITIONS GU>D$ !IR P>TICUL>ITIES & P]PETUAT$ !IR PRIVILEGES AS ANCI5T COMMUNITIES4 

,SU* WAS ! CASE ) ,$ESSA1 ,ALEX&RIA & ,ANTIO*1 ! =TRESSES ( ,ESS5O-,NAZ>5ISM4 

,B>DESANE ,( ,$ESSA 

  

,/>T+ FROM ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY1 ,$ESSA WAS A HUB ( ,*RI/IAN EXPANSION4 

0,! /RUCTURE ( ! >*AIC ,*RI/IANITY ( ,$ESSA10 ,DRIJV]S WRITES1 0%[S ! EXI/5CE ( V>I$ GR\PS ) DIV]SE OP9IONS ?AT F\<T AGA9/ & COMPLA9$ AB\T EA* O!R40.<#b#g#a.> 

,H]E1 9 ! ,FIR/ ,C5TURY1 WAS IMPLANT$ -- AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT AGITAT$ SPIRITS 9 ,ALEX&RIA1 ,ANTIO* & ,EPHESUS -- A SY/EM ( BELIEFS ?AT ISSU$ FROM ,ESS5ISM & 5G5D]$1 ON A F\NDATION ( LOCAL P>TICUL>ISMS1 *UR*ES ?AT W]E OB$I5T TO !IR [N LAWS & DOCTR9ES4 

,! COMMUNITIES OR EKKLESIA ( ,$ESSA W]E PLAC$ -- NO D\BT BY ! MISSION>Y ACTIVITY ( SOME DISCIPLE ( ,?OMAS -- UND] ! PATRONAGE ( ,JUDE OR ,?OMAS1 MY?ICALLY ELECT$ 0WITNESS0 ( ! ,LORD4 

,JUDE OR ,?OMAS' ORGANIZATION NAVIGAT$ 9 ! .<TURBUL5T.> CURR5T ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY ACCORD+ TO ! LOGIA ATTRIBUT$ TO ,JO%UA_/,JESUS & SUPPOS$LY COMPIL$ BY ,MAT!W OR ,?OMAS4 ,! *UR*ES ( ,$ESSA P]PETUAT$ A ,JUDEO-,*RI/IANITY ( ! ,EL*ASAITE TYPE1 NO D\BT EVOLV+ T[>DS ANTI-,SEMITISM )\T1 IT SEEMS1 TIPP+ OV] 9TO ,M>CIONISM OR ,MONTANISM4 

,9 ,$ESSA 9 #b#a1 ! FIR/ BUILD+ DESIGN$ = MEET+S ( ! BELIEV]S & TAK+ ! NAME '*UR*' WAS CON/RUCT$4 ,IT WAS DE/ROY$ %ORTLY AFT]W>DS BY A FLOOD1 ! SIGN ( A S+UL> C>ELESSNESS ON ! P>T ( ! TUTEL>Y ,GOD4.<#b#g#b.> 

,>\ND #a#h1 ONE ( ! *UR*ES1 L$ BY ,BI%OP ,PALUT1 ATTEMPT$ TO IMPOSE ITS AU?ORITY ON ALL ,*RI/IANS4 ,HIS ADEPTS CALL$ !MSELVES 0,PALUTIANS40 ,! /RUGGLES = PREC$5CE AMONG ! DIV]SE *UR*ES ( ,$ESSA W\LD LA/ UNTIL ! ,FIF? ,C5TURY3 ! ,PALUTIAN FACTION ASSUR$ !MSELVES ( P[] &1 RALLY+ TO ! !SES ( ,NICAEA1 EMBRAC$ ,CA?OLICISM4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ?IS FACTION W\LD HA/5 TO LABEL AS H]ETICAL ! *UR*ES ?AT HAD 9 ! PA/ %[N HO/ILITY T[>DS IT4 

,?US IT W\LD BE ! WORK ( ,B>DESANE OR ,B> ,DAYSAN1 :O (F]$ AN ORIG9AL EXAMPLE ( ONE ( ! MANY SYNCRETISMS1 ! SUCCESSIVE /RATIFICATIONS ( :I* W\LD COMPOSE ! ,*RI/IANITY ( ! FIR/ F\R C5TURIES4 

,BORN 9 ,$ESSA 9 #add OR #a#e#e1 ,B>DESANE BELONG$ TO ! >I/OCRACY & RECEIV$ A S]I\S PHILOSOPHICAL $UCATION BE=E CONV]T+ TO ! NEW RELIGION 9 #a#h4 7,= A TIME1 HE ADH]$ TO ! ,VAL5T9IAN S*OOL47 ,HIS VA/ LE>N+ ALSO EMBRAC$ A/ROLOGY1 E?NOLOGY & HI/ORY4 ,) HIS SON ,H>MODIUS1 HE COMPOS$ SOME #ae HYMNS HONOR$ BY ! ,SYRIAN *UR*ES4 

,HIS ,DIALOGUE ON ,DE/9Y & ,BOOK ( ! ,LAWS ( ,NATIONS1 FROM :I* HIS DISCIPLE ,PHILIPPE COMPIL$ HIS TEA*+S1 DID NOT ESCAPE ! DE/RUCTION ORD]$ BY ! ,*UR*1 AL?\< ,EUSEBIUS DID AU?ORIZE ! CITATION ( A FEW EXTRACTS4.<#b#g#c.> 

,:5 ,C>ACALLA DEALT A MORTAL BL[ TO ! 9DEP5DANCE ( ,$ESSA 9 #b#a#f1 ,B>DESANE W5T 9TO EXILE & W5T TO ,>M5IA1 :]E1 ACCORD+ TO ,MOSES ( ,*OR5E1 HE PURSU$ HI/ORICAL RESE>* & WORK$ = ! PROPAGATION ( ,*RI/IANITY4 ,!REAFT] HIS TEA*+S ACCORD$ A GR[+ PLACE TO ! IDEA ( LIB]TY4 

,ONE CAN NOT EXCLUDE AN 5C\NT] BETWE5 ,B>DESANE & AN ,9DIAN AMBASSADOR S5T BY ! ,EMP]OR ,HELIOGABALE >\ND #b#a#h4 ,ONE BELIEVES ?AT HE DI$ 9 #b#b#b1 LEAV+ BEH9D DISCIPLES & ,*RI/IAN COMMUNITIES ?AT CONT9U$ TO EXI/ UNTIL ! ,FIF? ,C5TURY4 

,B>DESANE'S PHILOSOPHICAL ,*RI/IANITY SITUAT$ ITSELF AT AN EQUAL DI/ANCE FROM ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY1 ! ASCETIC RIGOR & FANTA/IC MASO*ISM ( :I* HE TOOK EXCEPTION TO1 & FROM AN ECCLESIA/ICAL CURR5T ?AT AIM$ TO 9TEGRATE ITSELF AS A RECOGNIZ$ AU?ORITY 9 ! SOCIAL ORD] ( ,ROME4 

,IF HE ADAPT$ ! TR9IT>IAN CONCEPTION -- ,FA!R-,SON & ,PNEUMA-,SPIRIT 7,SPIRIT71 :I* W\LD TRIUMPH AT ,NICAEA -- FROM ! ,VAL5T9IAN ,!ODOTUS1 ,B>DESANE WAS OPPOS$ TO ,M>CION & HE REJECT$ ! ,DEMIURGICAL CREATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,B>DESANE1 ! WORLD WAS ! WORK ( A ,GOOD ,GOD1 BECAUSE1 DESPITE ITS IMP]FECTIONS1 SALVATION 5T]S 9TO MANK9D'S POSSIBILITIES4 ,?US IT WAS 9CORRECTLY ?AT ,EPHREM ! ,SYRIAN D5\NC$ ! 9FLU5CE ( ,B>DESANE ON ,MANI1 ! F\ND] ( ! ,MANI*EAN RELIGION4 ,IF ! ,B>DESANITES EXCLUD$ FROM !IR CANON ! TWO EPI/LES ( ,PAUL TO ! ,COR9?IANS1 NO D\BT IT WAS DUE TO ,M>CIONISM1 :I* PRES5T$ V]SIONS ANT]IOR TO ! ,CA?OLIC CORRECTIONS4 

,B>DESANE DID NOT DIVIDE M5 9TO ?REE CLASSES1 ACCORD+ TO ! COMMON ,GNO/IC OP9ION ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY -- HYLICS1 PSY*ICS & PNEUMATICS -- BUT DI/+UI%$ 9 EA* P]SON ?REE LEVELS ON ! LADD] ( CONSCI\SNESS3 ! SOMA1 ! PSY*E1 .<&.> ! PNEUMA4 ,?R\< ! ,*RI/1 ,GOD GAVE ! MODEL ( A GRADUAL ELEVATION ?AT TRACES ! ROAD ( SALVATION4 

,! ,B>DESANITES OBVI\SLY KNEW NO?+ ( ! CANONICAL GOSPELS1 BUT REF]R$ TO ! ,ACTS ( ,?OMAS & TO ! LOGIA ?AT COMPOS$ ! GOSPEL ATTRIBUT$ TO ! MY?ICAL APO/LE ( ,$ESSA4 

,DRIJV]S DETECTS ! 9FLU5CE ( ,PHILO ( ,ALEX&RIA1 TRANSMITT$ BY ! ,JEWI% MILIEUS1 WELL IMPLANT$ 9 ,$ESSA4.<#b#g#d.> ,! ,ESS5E & ,JUDEO-,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E ( ! TWO ROADS1 ,LI<T & ,D>KNESS1 LEFT TRACES 9 ,B>DESANE'S CONCEPTION ( LIB]TY4 

,?IS PROCE$$ FROM A SPIRIT ( DIV9E ORIG91 :I*1 UNIT+ ) ! S\L1 DESC5D$ ?R\< ! SEV5 SPH]ES ( ! PLANETS 7! ,HEBDOMADE7 SO AS TO IMPLANT ITSELF 9 ! HUMAN BODY AT ! MOM5T ( BIR?4 ,! S\L SUBMITS TO ! 9FLU5CE ( PLANET>Y =CES1 :I* IT MU/ :E$LE .<AMAD\].> AT ! TIME ( ITS FUTURE ASC5SION1 ! H\R ( BIR? ?US DET]M9+ ! C\RSE ( EXI/5CE & DI/RIBUT+ =TUNE & MIS=TUNE4 

,9 HIS GOODNESS1 ,GOD NEV]!LESS P]MITS MAN TO ESCAPE FROM ! 9ELUCTABLE4 ,UNIT$ ) ! S\L1 ! SPIRIT >ROGATES = ITSELF ! PRIVILEGE ( 9FLU5C+ CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,KN[L$GE ( ! HOROSCOPE 9T]V5ES 9 SALVATION 9 A DECISIVE MANN]4 ,ADAM MADE BAD USE ( SU* A GIFT & DID NOT AU?ORIZE HIS S\L TO RETURN TO ! PLACE ( ITS DIV9E ORIG91 :I* ,B>DESANE CALL$ ! 0NUPTIAL *AMB] ( ,LI<T40.<#b#g#e.> 7,! ,GOSPEL ATTRIBUT$ TO ,PHILIPPE1 FROM ! SAME ]A1 EVOKES ! RELATIONS BETWE5 R$EMPTION & KO9ON1 0NUPTIAL *AMB]10 9 :I* ! UNION ) ! ,PL]OME1 ! ,DIV9E ,TOTALITY OR ,OGDOADE1 TAKES PLACE4 ,! S\L1 ! SPIRIT & ! BODY GIVE BIR? TO A QUITE PIQUANT ANECDOTAL TRANSLATION3 0,?REE WALK ) ! ,LORD AT ! SAME TIME3 ,M>Y1 HIS MO!R1 HIS SI/] & ,MADELE9E1 :OM ONE CALLS HIS COMPANION4 ,BECAUSE ,M>Y IS HIS SI/]1 MO!R & COMPANION0 .<,SECTION #c#b.>47 

,! COM+ ( ! ,*RI/ -- /ILL CONCEIV$ AS ANGELOS-*RI/OS1 NOT AS HI/ORICAL F\ND] ( A RELIGION -- UNVEIL$ TO ! S\L ! ROAD ( SALVATION1 ! MANN] ( UNTANGL+ OBSCURITY & D>KNESS SO AS TO VANGUI% ! DET]M9ATION ( ! PLANETS & TO ASSURE ! S\L'S F9AL R$EMPTION4 ,H]E ,B>DESANE EXP\ND$ ! !ORY ( FREE WILL1 BATTLE-HORSE ( ! FUTURE ,CA?OLICISM4 

,! 5VOY ( ,GOD1 ,JESUS FILL$ NO O!R MISSION ?AN 9DICAT+1 ?R\< ! SACRIFICE ( HIS FLE%1 ! SALVATIONAL ROAD & ! GNOSIS ?AT TAU<T ONE H[ TO LEAVE ! OBSCURE *AOS ( ! BODY4 ,NOT AN EXTREME ASCETICISM1 AS REQUIR$ BY ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY1 BUT A SACRIFICIAL EX]CISE ?AT ELEVAT$ ! SPIRIT & UNIT$ IT ) ! BREA? ( ! S\L1 :I* !REBY OBTA9$ ! P[] TO VANQUI% ! CONJURATION ( ! PLANET>Y 9JUNCTIONS & RETURN TO ! LI<T4 ,HE :O ID5TIFIES ) ! ,*RI/ MODIFI$ ! A/ROLOGICAL LAWS & 9CREAS$ HIS P[] OV] ! MACROCOSM4 ,SU* W]E ! TEA*+S ( ,B>DESANE4 ,IT IS ! ?\<T ( ,SIMON ( ,SAM>IA1 9V]T$ BY ITS ANTIPHYSIS & D5ATUR$ BY ! ,*RI/IC EXAMPLE4 ,A ?\<T ?AT1 IF ,*RI/IANIZ$1 DID NOT REMA9 ANY LESS UNACCEPTABLE TO ECCLESIA/ICAL AU?ORITY1 S9CE ,B>DESANE 5TRU/$ ! WORK ( R$EMPTION 9 ! H&S ( EA* P]SON1 )\T ! HELP ( ANY *UR*4 

,AUDI 

  

,IF ONE BELIEVES ,MI*AEL ! ,SYRIAN1 ! ,>*DEACON ,AUDI 7OR ,AUDIE7 BELONG$ TO ! ,B>DESANITE COMMUNITIES AT ! 5D ( ! ,?IRD ,C5TURY OR ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,F\R?4 ,TO SUPPORT HIS LEGITIMATE AU?ORITY1 HE PRODUC$ APOCALYPSES & ! ,ACTS ( ! ,APO/LES1 :I* ! ,CON/ANT9IAN ,*UR* -- ADOPT+ ! POLITICAL L9E ( ! 0,PALUTIANS0 -- W\LD CONDEMN AS 0APOCRYPHAL40 

,GREGOIRE ,B>-,HEBRAEUS1 AN ,>AB !OLOGIAN FROM ! ,SEV5? ,C5TURY1 ATTRIBUT$ TO ,AUDI N9ETY-F\R APOCALYPSES OR REVELATIONS4 ,UND]NEA? A SCORNFUL & ANECDOTAL R$UCTION ?AT ,B>-,HEBRAEUS IMPOS$ ON ,AUDI'S IDEAS1 ! ,B>DESANITE DOCTR9E ( ! DESC5T & RESURRECTION ( ! ,SPIRIT CONFRONT+ ! PLANET>Y ,EONS %[S ?R\<3 07,AUDI CLAIM$7 ?AT ! ,*RI/ DESC5D$ TO ALL ( ! FIRMAM5TS & ?AT !IR 9HABITANTS DID NOT KN[ HIM1 & ?AT HIS BODY WAS CELE/IAL1 & ?AT IT WAS 9JUR$ BY ! LANCE1 & ?AT IT WAS NOT 9JUR$1 ?AT IT WAS HUNG FROM ! WOOD & ?AT IT WAS NOT HUNG40.<#b#g#f.> 

,AUDI'S CONCEPTION WAS NOT ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ,>RIUS1 ! QU>REL AB\T :OM -- AT ! SAME TIME -- IRRITAT$ ! EM]G+ TYRANNY ( ! ,CA?OLIC1 APO/OLIC & ,ROMAN ,*UR*4 ,AUDI W\LD REJECT ! DECISIONS MADE 9 ,NICAEA4 ,EXIL$ TO ,SCY?IA1 HE W\LD PROPAGATE HIS ,*RI/IANITY AMONG ! ,GO?S4.<#b#g#g.> 

,ORIG5 ,( ,ALEX&RIA 

  

,! FATE RES]V$ = ,ORIG5 & HIS WORK UNVEIL$ ! WORK ( FALSIFICATION ?AT WAS ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! ,*UR* AFT] ! ,CON/ANT9IAN TURN4 ,AN AU!NTIC ,*RI/IAN M>TYR & A PHILOSOPH] 9 ! S]VICE ( FAI?1 HE WAS CONDEMN$ = H]ESY BECAUSE1 DESPITE ! REVISIONS ( HIS DOCTR9E1 HIS ,*RI/OLOGY WAS /ILL ?AT ( AN ANGEL-MESSIAH & HIS ,JESUS F\ND HIS S\RCE 9 ,JO%UA4 ,9 ADDITION1 HE HAD SYMPA?IES = ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY1 & HE DEVOT$ HIMSELF TO ASCETICISM ) A DISCONC]T+ RIGOR1 :I* AU?ORIZ$ HIM TO SCORN ! APO/ATE CL]GY ( HIS ]A -- ! H]ITAGE ( :I* ! ,CON/ANT9IAN ,*UR* W\LD CLAIM4 

,ORIG5'S WORK WAS R$UC$1 AS IF BY *ANCE1 TO T9Y FRAGM5TS & HELD 9 SEV]AL L>GE VOLUMES1 SO ?AT ! ZEAL ( ,RUF9 & O!R GU>DIANS ( OR?ODOXY C\LD TAKE C>E TO RECON/ITUTE IT & RECTIFY IT ACCORD+ TO ! CORRECT DOGMATIC L9E4 

,BORN >\ND #ahe TO ,*RI/IAN P>5TS 9 ,ALEX&RIA1 ! CITY ( ALL ! DOCTR9ES1 ,ORIG5 WAS 9 HIS ADOLESC5CE :5 HIS FA!R1 ,LEONIDES1 SURR5D]$ TO PUNI%M5T 9 #b#a1 !N P]I%$ 9 ! P]SECUTIONS ( ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY4 

,ORIG5 WAS 9ITIAT$ 9TO ,NEO-,PLATONI/ PHILOSOPHY1 :I* HE TRI$ TO ACCORD ) ,*RI/IANITY4 ,A DISCIPLE ( ,CLEM5T ( ,ALEX&RIA1 HE COMBAT$ ! WORK ( ,CELSE1 ,! ,TRUE ,DISC\RSE1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! NEW RELIGION4 ,9 ,ROME HE MET ,HIPPOLYTE1 A BI%OP & PHILOSOPH]1 TO :OM ! ,EL5*OS IS SOMETIMES ATTRIBUT$4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ?AT ,HIPPOLYTE 7LIKE ,T]TULLIAN & ! ,MONTANI/S7 VITUP]AT$ ! LAXITY ( ANO!R BI%OP ( ,ROME1 ,CALLIXTE -- :OM MANY HI/ORIANS TAKE = A POPE -- ,ORIG9E1 :O SUCCE$$ ,CLEM5T AS ! HEAD ( ! ,*RI/IAN DIDASKALE ( ,ALEX&RIA1 5T]$ 9TO CONFLICT ) ! BI%OP .<NAM$.> ,DEMETRIUS4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,ORIG5 PU%$ ! CONC]N = *A/ITY TO ! PO9T ( SELF-CA/RATION1 SO AS TO RESI/1 )\T BEAT+ >\ND ! BU%1 ! TEMPTATIONS ( ! FLE%4 ,=C$ 9TO EXILE 9 ,CES>EA 9 #b#c#a1 HE W\LD DIE FOLL[+ TORTURES 9FLICT$ >\ND #b$ UND] ! P]SECUTIONS ( ,DECE4 

,BADLY NOT$ BY ! CL]ICAL P>TY ( ! LAPSI1 ,ORIG5 DREW UPON HIMSELF -- A C5TURY AFT] HIS DEA? -- ! DISPLEASURE ( ,EPIPHANIUS ( ,SALAMIS1 BE=E BE+ (FICIALLY CONDEMN$ BY ! ,EMP]OR ,JU/9IAN ! ,FIR/1 AT ! SECOND ,C\NCIL ( ,CON/ANT9OPLE 9 #e#e#c4 

,! ,*UR* REPROA*$ ,ORIG5 = HAV+ NEGLECT$ ! HI/ORICAL *>ACT] ( ,JESUS-,*RI/1 NO D\BT TOO REC5TLY 9V5T$1 :I* ! SKILL ( ,RUF9US -- :O AM5D$1 EXPURGAT$ & CORRECT$ EV]Y?+ ?AT DID NOT AGREE ) ! DOGMA -- DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 9TRODUC+4 

,9T]PRET+ ! ,BIBLE 9 AN ALLEGORICAL S5SE1 ,ORIG5 ID5TIFI$ ! ,*RI/ ) AN ET]NAL ,LOGOS NAM$ ,JO%UA1 :O RETURN$ TO ! ,FA!R )\T CEAS+ TO BE PRES5T 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! ,*RI/IANS4 ,HIS COMM5T>IES ON ,JESUS1 SON ( ,N\N1 EXPLA9 ?AT 0,GOD GAVE ! NAME ?AT IS ABOVE NAMES TO ,JESUS-,*RI/ \R ,LORD4 ,!RE=E1 ! NAME ?AT IS ABOVE ALL NAMES IS ,JESUS .<444.> ,& BECAUSE ?IS NAME IS ABOVE ALL NAMES1 OV] ! G5]ATIONS NO ONE HAS RECEIV$ IT40 ,& 9T]PRET+ ! ,BIBLE 9 AN ALLEGORICAL S5SE RECALLS ! FIR/ M5TION ( ,JESUS4 ,IT IS F\ND 9 ,EXODUS3 0,GOD SUMMON$ ,JESUS & S5T HIM TO FI<T AGA9/ ,AMALEC40 

,9 H] PREFACE TO ,HOMELIES ON ,JO%UA_/,JESUS1 ,ANNIE ,JAUB]T EMPHASIZES ! IMPORTANCE ( ! TYPOLOGY ( ,JO%UA3 0,! REASON IS ?AT ?IS TYPOLOGY CON/ITUT$ ITSELF PRECISELY 9 OPPOSITION TO ,JUDAISM4 ,NO ONE BE+ GREAT] = ! ,JEWS ?AN ,MOSES1 PROPHET & LEGISLATOR1 ! ,*RI/IANS HAD TO PROVE ?AT ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T1 ?R\< ! P]SON ( ,JESU ,NAVE1 HAD ALREADY MANIFE/$ ! SUP]IORITY ( ,JESUS OV] ,MOSES40.<#b#g#h.> 

,H[ CAN WE NOT 9F] FROM SU* REASON+ ! APPE>ANCE ( ,JESUS AS ! MY?ICAL F\ND] ( ,*RI/IANITY AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,SECOND ,C5TURY1 A D\BLE ( ,MOSES :OM ! ,GRECO-,ROMAN REMAKE .<,5GLI% 9 ORIG9AL.> W\LD ]ECT AS A ,MONTANI/ AGITATOR & !N F\ND] ( ! ,ROMAN ,*UR*8 

,ORIG5 ACTUALLY CONS]V$ A ,*RI/IANITY ( :I* ! SPIRIT WAS ORIG9ALLY =M$ 9 ,ALEX&RIA1 9 ! CIRCLES ( ,ESS5E1 ,NAZ>5E1 ,PHILONIAN & ,EL*ASAITE SPECULATIONS4 ,LIKE ,CLEM5T1 HE REMA9$ A ,GNO/IC 9 ! S5SE ?AT KN[L$GE UNVEIL$ TO CONSCI\SNESS :AT ! FAI? ( ! ,NEW ,PROPHECY REVEAL$ TO ! BODY1 ?AT IS1 A PURIFICATION 9 :I* ACCESS TO SALVATION RESIDES4 ,AT ?IS PRICE1 ,GOD1 9 ! 9F9ITY ( HIS LOVE1 W\LD ACCORD A UNIV]SAL R$EMPTION 9 :I* ! DEMONS & ! ,DEVIL HIMSELF W\LD BE SAV$4 

,DESPITE ! CALUMNIES ( ! SO-CALL$ 0,*UR* ,FA!RS10 ! LEA/ LIMIT$ ( :OM ADMIR$ HIS ]UDITION1 ,ORIG5 W\LD BE P]PETUAT$ 9 ! WORKS ( ,PSEUDO-,D5YS ! ,>EOPAGITE1 ,GREGOIRE ( ,NYSSE1 ,JOHN ,SCOT ,]IG5E1 NAY1 ,HILDEG>DE VON ,B+5 & ,ECKH>DT4 

,PAUL ,( ,SAMOSATE1 ,BI%OP ,( ,ANTIO* 

  

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,F\R? ,C5TURY1 9 ,$ESSA1 ,K+ ,ABG> -- CONV]T$ TO ! RELIGION ?AT HAD REC5TLY BE5 RECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,/ATE -- CIRCULAT$ P]SONAL LETT]S ADDRESS$ TO ,JESUS-,*RI/ & TO :I* HE HAD OBLIG+LY RESPOND$4 ,?US ,ABG> RE5GAG$ = HIS [N PR(IT ! OP]ATION 5GAG$ 9 BY ! ,*UR* SO AS TO LOAN TO ,JESUS1 ,PAUL & ,PET] ! /ATUS ( HI/ORICAL P]SONAGES4 ,REJECT$ MU* LAT] AS GROSS FAKES1 !SE LETT]S ONLY DIFF]$ FROM ! ,NEW ,TE/AM5T BY !IR 7QUITE ELEVAT$7 DEGREEE ( IMPROBABILITY4 

,LIKE ALL ( ! POT5TATES T\*$ BY ! RACKETE]+ ( ,ROME1 ,K+ ,ABG> US$ ,CA?OLICISM AS AN 9/RUM5T ( P[]4 ,HE REORGANIZ$ ! CL]GY ( ! CITY1 CONF]R$ UPON IT A MON>*AL =M1 TRANS=M$ ! TEMPLES 9TO *UR*ES1 ! TRADITIONAL FE/IVALS 9TO CONSECRATIONS ( ! SA9TS1 & RELIGI\SLY FURNI%$ ! SPACE & TIME ( ! CITY1 AS ! ,*UR* W\LD UND]TAKE TO DO AT ! LEVEL ( ! ,IMP]IUM ,ROMANUM4.<#b#g#i.> 

,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE1 BI%OP ( ,ANTIO* 9 #b#f1 ANTICIPAT$ ,K+ ,ABG>'S RE=MS BY #e YE>S4 ,TO ! AU?ORITY ( ! GOV]NOR ( ! ,*UR* ( ,ANTIO*1 HE ADD$ ?AT ( ! GOV]NOR ( ! ,SYRIAN PROV9CE ( ,COMMAG5E & SECRET>Y ( F9ANCES TO ,QUE5 ,Z5OBIA ( ,PALMYRA4 

,P]SONAGE ( ! FIR/ RANK 9 ! REGION1 ,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE WAS ON ! BE/ T]MS ) ,Z5OBIA1 & FAVOR$ A ,SYRIAN NATIONALISM ?AT >\S$ ! SUSPICIONS & 5C\RAG$ ! REBELLIONS ( HIS PE]S & ECCLESIA/ICAL RIVALS4 ,A SYNOD UNIT$ 9 ,ANTIO* DEPOS$ HIM 9 #b#f#h4 

,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE'S DOCTR9E %[$ ! L9E ( UNC]TA9TY 9 :I* ! DEBATE ON ! NATURE ( ! ,*RI/ WAS /ILL /UCK4 ,= ,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE1 ,GOD 5G5D]$ ! ,LOGOS ?AT C\LD BE CALL$ ! ,SON4 ,! ,LOGOS 9SPIR$ ,MOSES & ! PROPHETS1 !N ,JESUS1 :O WAS ONLY A MAN :51 DUR+ BAPTISM1 ! ,LOGOS 5T]$ HIM & TRANS=M$ HIM 9TO A P]FECT BE+4 ,FROM !N ON1 HE ACCOMPLI%$ MIRACLES1 TRIUMPH$ OV] S9 9 HIMSELF & ALL M51 ) ! RESULT ?AT HIS DEA? R$EEM$ & SAV$ ALL ( HUMANITY4 ,HE PREEXI/$ & JUDG$ ! LIV+ & ! DEAD4 

,IRONICALLY1 ! SYNOD ?AT DEPOS$ ,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE W\LD REJECT ! T]M HOMO\SIOS 7CONSUB/ANTIAL7 BY :I* HE DESIGNAT$ ! ID5TITY ( ,GOD & ! ,*RI/2 ?IS WAS ! SAME QUALITY ?AT ! ,*UR* W\LD IMPOSE 9 ! ,F\R? ,C5TURY AS ! ONLY TR9IT>Y TRU?4 

,HIS CONCEPTION ( ! ,TR9ITY1 IT IS TRUE1 TOOK A P]SONAL TURN ?AT WAS NOT COMPATIBLE ) ! IDEA ?AT ! ,*UR* W\LD =GE 9 ! ,F\R? ,C5TURY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,LEONTUS ( ,BYZANTIUM1 0HE GAVE ! NAME ( ,FA!R TO ,GOD1 :O CREAT$ ALL ?+S2 ! NAME ( ,SON TO HIMSELF1 :O WAS PURELY A MAN2 & ,SPIRIT TO ! GRACE ?AT RESULT$ FROM ! APO/LES40.<#b#h.> 

,!ODORE ( ,MOPSUE/E ATTRIBUT$ TO ,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE A REM>K1 ! E*O ( :I* -- A ?\S& YE>S LAT] -- W\LD /ILL REV]B]ATE AMONG ! ,AMAURIANS & ! P>TISANS ( ! ,FREE ,SPIRIT3 0,I DO NOT 5VY ! ,*RI/ BECAUSE HE HAD BE5 MADE ,GOD1 BUT BECAUSE SU* AS HE WAS MADE1 ,I WAS MADE1 S9CE HE IS F\ND 9 MY NATURE40.<#b#h#a.> 

,! 5EMIES ( ,PAUL ( ,SAMOSATE DID NOT EXAGG]AT$LY YIELD TO ! FACILITIES ( ! LIE :5 !Y AFFIRM$ ?AT1 9 ,ANTIO*1 ! PSALMS ?AT W]E SUNG W]E LESS 9 HONOR ( ,GOD ?AN 9 HIS HONOR4 ,PAUL ACCORD$ A PLACE = WOM5 9 RELIGI\S (FICES1 BUT NO?+ P]MITS ONE TO AFFIRM ?AT ?IS WAS NOT 9 ! MANN] ( ! ,MONTANI/S & !IR VIRG9AL PROPHETESSES4 

,! H]ESIOLOGUES DETECT$ HIS 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,NE/ORIANISM ( ! ,FIF? ,C5TURY & 9 ! ,PAULICIAN MOVEM5T ?AT /RUGGL$ AGA9/ ,BYZANTIUM 9 ! ,EI<? ,C5TURY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiib 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#f1 #bb 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,ADD$4 

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