,! ,REPRESSION 9 ,ITALY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ,ORGANIZE6 #d#h1 READ]S WILL HAVE SE5 ?AT ! ,A,C,F WAS 9VOLV$ 9 AN 9=MATIONAL PICKET ( ! ,ITALIAN ,/ATE ,T\RI/ ,(FICE 9 ,LONDON1 DRAW+ ATT5TION TO ! REPRESSION REC5TLY SUFF]$ BY SECTIONS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,ITALY4 ,?IS >TICLE ATTEMPTS TO (F] A HI/ORY ( ! REPRESSION & ATTEMPTS TO PUT 9 CONTEXT ! RESPONSE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,AN>*ISM HAS A LONG HI/ORY 9 ,ITALY & DEEP ROOTS 9 C]TA9 WORK+ CLASS COMMUNITIES4 ,PRIOR TO ! ,FASCI/ TAKE-OV] ( #a#i#b#b1 ! AN>*I/S CON/ITUT$ A MAJOR =CE 9 ! ,ITALIAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 P>TICUL>LY ?R\< ! MASS ,UNIONE ,S9DICALE ,ITALIANA & ! SPECIFIC AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION ,UNIONE ,AN>*I*A ,ITALIANA4 ,AN>*I/S W]E AT ! =EFRONT DUR+ ! FACTORY OCCUPATIONS ( #aiai & 9 ! PHYSICAL OPPOSITION TO ! ,BLACK%IRTS ( ,FASCISM4 ,AN>*ISM EXP]I5C$ A REVIVAL FOLL[+ ! 'DEMOCRATIZATION' ( ,ITALY 9 #aide BUT SEEM$ TO LOSE ITS WAY DUR+ ! #eS & #fS4 ,PO/-#a#i#f#h ! MOVEM5T BEGAN TO RE-ORGANIZE & AN>*I/S PLAY$ A P>T 9 ! FI]CE SOCIAL /RUGGLES ( ! #a#i#gS4 ,AN>*ISM1 TO SOME EXT5T1 H[EV]1 SEEM$ OV]%AD[$ BY AUTONOMISM1 :I* HAD ITS ROOTS 9 A =M ( ,M>XI/-,L59ISM ?AT WAS DIFF]5T TO BO? TRADITIONAL ,/AL9ISM & ,TROTSKYISM & APPE>$ TO EMPHASIZE ! NE$ = WORK]S' SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,SOME AN>*I/ GR\PS ORI5TAT$ T[>DS ! 'AUTONOM\S' MOVEM5T BUT ! MAJORITY CONT9U$ TO FOLL[ MORE 'TRADITIONAL' PA?S1 AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 PLAT=MISM & SYN!SISM4 ,TODAY !SE CURR5TS >E REPRES5T$ BY ! ,ITALIAN ,SYNDICALI/ ,UNION '! ,F$]ATION ( ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*I/S & ! ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7,F,A,I74 ,\TSIDE ( !SE ORGANIZATIONS !RE >E O!R CURR5TS & MANY 9DEP5D5T LOCAL GR\PS4 

,AMONG !SE O!R CURR5TS >E ! SO-CALL$ ',9SURRECTIONI/S '4 ,! \T/&+ EXAMPLE ( ?IS CURR5T IS ! GR\P >\ND ! MAGAZ9E ,AN>*ISMO1 $IT$ BY ! AN>*I/ !ORI/ ,ALFR$O ,BONNANO4 ,ANO!R MAGAZ9E 9 ! ',9SURRECTIONI/' MOLD WAS ! N[ DEFUNCT ',CANE ,N]O' 7,BLACK ,DOG74 ',AN>*ISMO' REJECT$ ! PA? TAK5 BY SYNDICALI/S1 PLAT=MI/S & ! ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ALIKE1 9 ?AT IT REJECT$ ALL P]MAN5T ORGANIZATION & LOOK$ TO ! TEMPOR>Y1 AUTONOM\S1 AFF9ITY GR\P & TO 9DIVIDUAL ACTS ( REBELLION4 ,!SE IDEAS HAD A C]TA9 9FLU5CE UPON MANY AN>*I/S :O REMA9$ \TSIDE ( ! ORGANIZATIONS1 P>TICUL>LY ! MILITANT SQUATT]S ( ,TUR94 

,! ,T,U,R,9 ,A,N,>,*,I,/ ,S,Q,U,A,T,T,],S 

  

,TUR9 IS UNUSUAL 9 ,ITALY AS ITS SQUATS >E ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY AN>*I/1 RA!R ?AN AUTONOMI/ OR ( ! 'REVOLUTION>Y LEFT'4 ,MO/ AN>*I/ SQUATT]S REJECT ANY COMPROMISE :I* MI<T 'LEGALIZE' SQUATT$ SOCIAL C5T]S1 :I* HAS BE5 A TACTIC US$ BY ! LOCAL /ATE 9 ,ITALY = SEV]AL YE>S4 ,! RELATION%IP ) ! AU?ORITIES HAS LONG BE5 ACUTELY ANTAGONI/IC & ! ,TUR9 AN>*I/S BORE MU* ( ! BRUNT ( ! 9ITIAL H>ASSM5T & REPRESSION :I* BEGAN ) RAIDS & >RE/S FROM ! 5D ( #a#i#i#e1 CLIMAX+ ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#g?1 #a#i#i#f4 ,ON ?IS DATE ,ITALIAN SPECIAL POLICE 7! ,R,O,S7 RAID$ #f ADDRESSES ACROSS ,ITALY1 >RE/+ DOZ5S ( MILITANTS ON V>I\S S]I\S & \TL&I% *>GES1 NOT LEA/ MURD]S1 BANK ROBB]IES & KIDNAP+S6 

,BEH9D !SE RAIDS APPE>$ ! FIGURE ( ,JUDGE ,ANTONIO ,M>9I4 ,!RE IS DEBATE 9 ,ITALY :E!R ! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S IS A P]SONAL CRUSADE BY ,M>9I PRIOR TO HIS RETIREM5T1 OR :E!R HE IS M]ELY ! LATE/ FRONT-MAN = ! ,ITALIAN SECRET S]VICES1 OR BO?4 ,US+ A %AD[Y 9=M]1 ,NAMSET*I ,MODJEH 79 ,ITALY SU* PEOPLE >E KN[N AS 'REP5TANTS'1 REP5T+ = ! S9 ( BE+ REVOLUTION>Y44471 ,JUDGE ,M>9I ATTEMPT$ TO CONJURE UP A VA/ POLITICAL-CRIM9AL CONSPIRACY ) ! TITLE ( ! ',REVOLUTION>Y ,ORGANIZATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,9SURRECTIONALI/S'7,O,R,A,I71 AT ! HEAD ( :I* WAS PLAC$ ,ALFR$O ,M4 ,BONNANO4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION1 SOME?+ LIKE A HYBRID ( ! ,R$ ,BRIGADES ( OLD & A CRIM9AL FRAT]NITY1 WAS SUPPOS$LY RESPONSIBLE = A GOOD P]C5TAGE ( ALL ! UNSOLV$ MAJOR CRIMES 9 ,ITALY & ITS 'MEMB]S' W]E ACCUS$ ( 'SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION'1 A CAT*-ALL *>GE (T5 US$ AGA9/ POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,! PRESS JO9$ 9 ! SPIRIT ( CONSPIRACY-MONG]+ & AN>*I/-BAT+4 

,! RESPONSE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS SWIFT1 DESPITE ! CLIMATE ( 9TIMIDATION4 ,! ,F,A,I ISSU$ A /ATEM5T1 ',! ,F$]AT$ ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/S ,ACCUSE6'7#b#a ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#i#f71 :I* CONDEMN$ ! 0ACTS ( REPRESSION AMPLIFI$ BY ! PRESS0 AS 0A MALICI\S >TICULATION ( NEW TE*NIQUES ( SOCIAL CONTROL04 ,!Y PO9T$ \T C]TA9 BLATANT LIES1 NOT LEA/ ?AT ! PHANTOM ,O,R,A,I HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,F,A,I 9 #a#i#h#h1 AT A ,CONGRESS 9 ,FIORI :I* DIDN'T EV5 TAKE PLACE6 ,!Y ALSO REJECT$ ! ATTEMPT ( ! ,/ATE TO DIVIDE ! AN>*I/S 9TO 'GOOD AN>*I/S' 7! ,F,A,I7 & 'BAD AN>*I/S' 7! SO-CALL$ ,9SURRECTIONALI/S7 & PO9T$ \T ?AT IF ! ,JUDGES WANT$ TO ELIM9ATE ! ,F,A,I !Y W\LD USE ! SAME TACTICS ( CRIM9ALIZATION4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY ! ,F,A,I DI/ANC$ ITSELF FROM ! SORT ( ACTIVITIES :I* ! >RE/$ W]E ACCUS$ ( 7IE4KIDNAPP+ & MURD]7 & CRITICIZ$ ! MY? ( 0ILLEGALISM01 :I* T5DS TO SEE ALL ACTS ( ILLEGALITY AS NECESS>ILY REVOLUTION>Y4 

,S,O,L,I,D,>,I,T,Y ,& ,B,E,Y,O,N,D444 

  

,?IS RESPONSE1 H[EV]1 WAS CRITICIZ$1 P>TICUL>LY BY ! ,CANE ,N]O GR\P1 :O SAW IT AS AN ATTEMPT BY ! ,F,A,I & O!RS TO DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! >RE/$ COMRADES4 ,CANE ,N]O ALSO DEM&$ NOT JU/ SOLID>ITY ) ! ACCUS$ AGA9/ ! /ATE 7:I* ALL LIB]T>IANS %\LD NOT HESITATE TO GIVE71 BUT POLITICAL SUPPORT1 ?AT IS SUPPORT = ! SPECIFIC P]SPECTIVES ( ! ACCUS$4 ,?IS ATTITUDE S]I\SLY PISS$-(F MANY COMRADES1 :O SAW IT AS SELF-M>G9ALIZ+4 ,AT ?IS TIME LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S 9SIDE & \TSIDE ! ,F,A,I W]E DO+ SOLID>ITY WORK & ATTEMPT+ TO L9K ! REPRESSION ) A G5]AL CRITIQUE ( ! :OLE PRISON SY/EM & ITS FUNCTION VIS A VIS ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,AN ,AN>*I/ ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE WAS SET UP & ?R\< ITS WORK MANY PEOPLE \TSIDE ( ,ITALY CAME TO HE> AB\T ! ,M>9I FRAME-UP4 ,9T]NATIONALLY1 AN ACTIVE DEF5SE COMMITTEE ALSO DEVELOP$ 9 ,MUNI*4 

,9SIDE ! PRISONS1 ! ACCUS$ ISSU$ /ATEM5TS :I* REJECT$ ! *>GES & P\R$ RIDICULE ON ! IDEA ( !IR MEMB]%IP ( ANY ORGANIZATION SU* AS ! ,O,R,A,I4 ,!Y /AT$3 0,JUDGES KN[ P]FECTLY WELL ?AT ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION !Y TALK AB\T DOES NOT EXI/4 ,!Y KN[ ! MODEL ( AN >M$ GANG- A MIRROR ( !IR [N MODEL- CANNOT BE APPLI$ TO ! REAL RELATION%IPS BETWE5 AN>*I/S40 7,/ATEM5T REPRODUC$ 9 ',COMMUNISM'1 J\RNAL ( ! ,9T]NATIONALI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 ,NO #a1 ,MAY #a#i#i#g47 

,! APPROA* ( ! /ATE1 ?AT WAS TO ATTEMPT TO CONNECT ! ACCUS$ TOGE!R ?R\< ! IMAG9>Y ,O,R,A,I1 WAS ALSO EXPOS$ BY ! SUPPOS$ 'LEAD]'1 ,BONNANO1 FOLL[+ HIS RELEASE FROM PRISON AFT] #ac MON?S4 ,REF]R+ TO ! DOCUM5TS ( ! PROSECUTION1 ,BONNANO SAID3 0,! MODEL ?AT WAS REALIZ$ 9 ,G]MANY ) ! ,R4,A4,F41 9 ,FRANCE ) ,ACTION ,DIRECTE1 AS TODAY ) ! ,BASQUES ( ,E4,T4,A 41 OR 9 ,ITALY ) ! ,R$ ,BRIGADES444HAS NO?+ TO DO ) US1 HAVE BE5 /IT*$ ON TO US AS WE SEE 9 !SE ACCUSATIONS4 ,READ+ ! DOCUM5TS1 :I* >E ?\S&S ( PAGES LONG1 ONE REALIZES ?AT ?IS IS ! K9D ( MODEL !Y HAVE 9 M9D 1 I4E4 ?AT !Y DO NOT UND]/& ?AT \R REVOLUTION>Y AIM IS TO GO T[>DS ANO!R K9D ( ATTACK ON ! /ATE40 7 ,9T]VIEW ) ,ALFR$O ,BONNANO1 ,RADIO ,ONDA ,ROSSA ,NOVEMB] #b1 #a#i#i#g4 ,PUBLI%$ 9 ',BREAK\T'1 ,MAY #a#i#i#h47 

,DUR+ !IR 9C>C]ATION 9 #aiig SOME ( ! ACCUS$ & !IR COMRADES ON ! \TSIDE BROKE ) ! ',AN>*ISMO' CURR5T & =M$ A GR\P CALL$ ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTION1 PUBLI%+ !IR PLAT=M 9 ! F9AL ISSUE ( ,CANE ,N]O & PRODUC+ A NEW MAGAZ9E1 ',PAG9E 9 RIVOLTA'4 ,POLITICALLY ! GR\P APPE>S TO REMA9 9 ! '9SURRECTIONALI/' MOLD4 

,N,E,W ,R,A,I,D,S1 ,N,E,W ,R,E,P,R,E,S,S,I,O,N 

  

,ON ,M>* #f? #aiih ! POLICE ONCE AGA9 RAID$ ! AN>*I/ SQUATS ( ,TUR91 >RE/+ ,MASSIMO ,PASSAMANI1 ,$O ,MASS>I & ,M>IA ,SOL$AD ,ROSAS4 ,!SE COMRADES W]E EV5TUALLY ACCUS$ ( A SPECIFIC 'CRIM9AL ACT' 7AS OPPOS$ TO ANY & ALL ! POLICE HAD LY+ AB\T UNSOLV$44471 ! SABOTAGE ( ! CON/RUCTION ( ! HI< SPE$ TRA9 NETWORK 7,T,A,V71 BETWE5 ,TUR9 & ,LYON1 AT ,VAL ,SUSA1 CLAIM$ BY A PREVI\SLY UNKN[N 'GR\P' CALL$ ! 0,GRAY ,WOLVES04 ,!RE HAD BE5 AN ONGO+ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,T,A,V1 9VOLV+ ! ,RIFONDAZIONE ,COMUNI/A 7,/AL9I/S N[ P>T ( ! C5T]-LEFT GOV]NM5T7 & ! ,GRE5S AMONG O!RS1 & RUMORS FLEW AB\T ?AT ! ATTACKS C\LD HAVE BE5 ! WORK ( 9SURANCE RACKETE]S OR ! SECRET S]VICES TRY+ TO DISCR$IT ! PROTE/S4 ,:ATEV] ! CASE MAY BE1 ! ,TUR9 SQUATT]S G5]ALLY SAW ! ATTACK AS A DIRECT ACTION WOR? SUPPORT+4 

,ON ! MORN+ ( ,M>* #b#h? #aiih ,$O ,MASS>I COMMITT$ SUICIDE 9 PRISON AT ,VALLETTE A ,CUNEO4 ,A REACTION FROM ! SQUATT]S ( ,TUR9 WAS NOT SL[ 9 COM+ & /REET CLA%ES ) ! POLICE OCCURR$ UPON ! NEWS ( !IR COMRADE'S DEA?4 ,! LOCAL F$]ATION ( ! ,F,A,I /AT$ CLE>LY ?AT SUICIDE 9 PRISON WAS REALLY MURD] AT ! H&S ( ! /ATE4 ,! FOLL[+ WEEK SIX ?\S& PEOPLE TOOK TO ! /REETS ( ,TUR9 TO DEM& ! RELEASE ( ! O!R TWO 'SUSPECTS' & AN 5D TO ! REPRESSION4 ,?IS DEMON/RATION WAS SUPPORT$ NOT ONLY BY ! SQUATT]S BUT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T G5]ALLY & ! 'AUTONOMI/S'1 ! LATT] :OM CRITICIZ$ ! USE ( VIOL5CE AS A TACTIC4 ,ANGRY & FOCUS$1 ! DEMON/RATION BR\<T ! EV5TS SURR\ND+ ! RESI/ANCE TO ! ,T,A,V & ! REPRESSION TO ! ATT5TION ( MANY1 NOT LEA/ BECAUSE ( ! ATT5DANCE AT ! DEMON/RATION ( ONE ,/EFANO ,ALB]IONE1 A LEAD+ MEMB] ( ! ,RIFONDAZIONE ,COMUNI/A & TRADE UNION BIG-WIG1 :I* ! M$IA MADE MU* (4 

,BUT ANO!R DEA? WAS TO COME4 ,9 E>LY ,JULY #aiig ,M>IA ,SOL$AD ,ROSAS COMMITT$ SUICIDE :IL/ UND] 'H\SE >RE/'4 ,ANO!R VICTIM ( ! REPRESSION1 MORE BLOOD ON ! H&S ( ! /ATE4 

,P,>,C,E,L ,B,O,M,B,S ,& ,/,A,T,E ,9,T,R,I,G,U,E 

  

,FOLL[+ ! DEA? ( ,SOL$AD 'P]SONS UNKN[N' LAUN*$ A LETT] BOMB CAMPAIGN AGA9/ V>I\S T>GETS4 ,A J\RNALI/2 ! JUDGE :O CONDUCT$ ! 9VE/IGATION AGA9/ ! ?REE SQUATT]S1 A ,GRE5 CITY C\NCILOR :O HAD TRI$ TO M$IATE BETWE5 ! LOCAL C\NCIL1 ! ACCUS$ & ! JUDGE1 A ,RIFONDAZIONE ,M,P2 ANO!R CITY C\NCILOR 7,RIFONDAZIONE71 WELL KN[N = CONDUCT+ ! NEGOTIATIONS BETWE5 AN AUTONOMI/ SQUATT$ SOCIAL C5T] & ! LOCAL C\NCIL2 & ! PRISON DOCTOR :]E ,$O ,MASS>I DI$4 ,! ORIG9 ( !SE 'BOMBE PA*E'1 9 ! C\NTRY :]E ! SECRET S]VICES HAVE BE5 CAPABLE ( SO MANY PROVOCATIONS 9 ! PA/1 WAS QUE/ION$ BY MANY4 ,! ,CORRESPOND5CE ,COMMISSION ( ! ,F,A,I ISSU$ A /ATEM5T SUGGE/+ ?AT ! BOMB+S W]E EXACTLY ?AT1 A /ATE PROVOCATION4 ,!Y ASK$ ',TO :OM >E ! P>CELS A VALUABLE TOOL8' & ACCUS$ ! /ATE & ITS SECRET S]VICES ( PREP>+ '44A S\P TO BE US$ EV5TUALLY AS A PREEMPTIVE WEAPON TO CRIM9ALIZE ! MOVEM5T ( ! OPPOSITION1 ! BASE ( WORK]S 7RANK & FILE 9ITIATIVES71 ! UNEMPLOY$ & IMMIGRANTS4' ,!Y ALSO SPOKE ( 'SECRET S]VICE 9FILTRATORS' & ( ! 'TRAGIC 5D ( TWO LIVES 7,$O & ,SOL$AD7 CRU%$ BY ! VIOL5CE & P[]1 :I* ONCE AGA91 WE F9D 9SIDE ! REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS ( ! /ATE4' 

,>\ND ! SAME TIME A PREVI\SLY UNKN[N GR\P1 ! ,GR\P ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9ITIATIVE1 BELIEV$ TO BE ,M>XI/-,L59I/ ORI5T$1 EXPRESS$ ITS SOLID>ITY ) ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ACTION 7SEE ABOVE7 & CLAIM$ RESPONSIBILITY = ATTACKS UPON ! (FICES ( ! ,RIFONDAZIONE 9 ,TUR9 & ,MILAN4 ,?IS HAS L$ ! ,ITALIAN B\RGEOIS M$IA TO HY/]ICAL TALK AB\T A RETURN TO ! 'BAD OLD DAYS' ( URBAN GU]RILLA ACTIVITY1 SU* AS ?AT ( ! ,R$ ,BRIGADES & NUM]\S O!RS 9 ! LATE #a#i#gS4 

,! ,S,I,T,U,A,T,I,O,N ,N,[ 

  

,! SITUATION TODAY REMA9S QUITE FLUID4 ,MO/ ( ! >RE/$ ( #aiif & AFT]1 9CLUD+ ! 'GURU' ( ! SUPPOS$ ,O,R,A,I1 ,ALFR$O ,BONNANO1 HAVE BE5 RELEAS$ DUE TO ! COLLAPSE ( ! 'CASE' AGA9/ !M4 ,SOLID>ITY ACTIONS ) ?OSE :O REMA9 9C>C]AT$ HAVE TAK5 PLACE 9 PLACES AS F> AP>T AS ,>G5T9A & ,GREECE & A GR\P COMMITT$ TO PUBLICIZ+ ! ONGO+ /RUGGLE IS =M+ 9 ,BRITA94 ,RESI/ANCE TO ! ,T,A,V CONT9UES & ! SQUATS RAID$ 9 ,M>* #aiig HAVE BE5 RE-OP5$4 

,! ATTEMPT BY ! ,ITALIAN /ATE TO DIVIDE ! 'ANTAGONI/IC' MOVEM5T1 9 P>TICUL> ! AN>*I/S1 9TO 'RESPECTABLE' & 'CRIM9AL' APPE>S TO HAVE FAIL$4 

,TO CONCLUDE1 ! REPRESSION1 :I* FOCUS$ UPON ACTIVI/ ELEM5TS1 SOME:AT M>G9AL TO BO? ! 'HI/ORIC' ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BUT ALSO TO ! AUTONOM\S WORK]S MOVEM5T1 CAN BE COMP>$ TO ! ATTEMPT BY ! ,BRITI% /ATE'S H>ASSM5T (1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,GRE5 ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]4 ,TE/+ ! WAT]1 ! /ATE W\LD APPE> TO BE ATTEMPT+ TO SEE :AT SORT ( RESPONSE CAN BE EXPECT$ FROM ! BROAD] 'MOVEM5T' :5 ITS MORE 'ILLEGALI/' OR APP>5TLY 'EXTREME W+' IS ATTACK$4 ,! /ATE WILL LE>N FROM ! RESPONSE IT HAS MET 9 BO? ,ITALY & ,BRITA94 ,& WE MU/ LE>N TOO1 = AS SOCIAL ANTAGONISM GR[S & \R MOVEM5T ) IT1 /ATE REPRESSION WILL GR[ TOO & DIVIDE & RULE IS ONLY ONE ( !IR TACTICS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,MAY #a#d1 #bac FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,! ,REPRESSION 9 ,ITALY -- ,ADD$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/