,P>T #d 
,REBELLION & ,>T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,CAMUS 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T ,F\R3 ,REBELLION & ,>T 

,>T IS ! ACTIVITY ?AT EXALTS & D5IES SIMULTANE\SLY4 0,NO >TI/ TOL]ATES REALITY10 SAYS ,NIETZS*E4 ,?AT 
IS TRUE1 BUT NO >TI/ CAN GET ALONG )\T REALITY4 ,>TI/IC CREATION IS A DEM& = UNITY & A REJECTION ( 
! WORLD4 ,BUT IT REJECTS ! WORLD ON ACC\NT ( :AT IT LACKS & 9 ! NAME ( :AT IT SOMETIMES IS4 
,REBELLION CAN BE OBS]V$ H]E 9 ITS PURE /ATE & 9 ITS ORIG9AL COMPLEXITIES4 ,?US >T %\LD GIVE US A 
F9AL P]SPECTIVE ON ! CONT5T ( REBELLION4 

,! HO/ILITY TO >T %[N BY ALL REVOLUTION>Y RE=M]S MU/1 H[EV]1 BE PO9T$ \T4 ,PLATO IS 
MOD]ATELY REASONABLE4 ,HE ONLY CALLS 9 QUE/ION ! DECEPTIVE FUNCTION ( LANGUAGE & EXILES ONLY POETS 
FROM HIS REPUBLIC4 ,AP>T FROM ?AT1 HE CONSID]S BEAUTY MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! WORLD4 ,BUT ! 
REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( MOD]N TIMES CO9CIDES ) AN >TI/IC PROCESS ?AT IS NOT YET COMPLET$4 ,! 
,RE=MATION *OOSES MORALITY & EXILES BEAUTY4 ,R\SSEAU D5\NCES 9 >T A CORRUPTION ( NATURE BY 
SOCIETY4 ,SA9T-,JU/ 9VEI<S AGA9/ ! !AT]1 & 9 ! ELABORATE PROGRAM HE COMPOSES = ! 0,FEA/ 
( ,REASON0 HE /ATES ?AT HE W\LD LIKE ,REASON TO BE IMP]SONAT$ BY SOMEONE 0VIRTU\S RA!R ?AN 
BEAUTIFUL40 ,! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION GAVE BIR? TO NO >TI/S1 BUT ONLY TO A GREAT J\RNALI/1 ,DESM\L9S1 & 
TO A CL&E/9E WRIT]1 ,SADE4 ,IT GUILLOT9ES ! ONLY POET ( ! TIMES4.<#g#f.> ,! ONLY GREAT PROSE-WRIT].<#g#g.> TOOK 
REFUGE 9 ,LONDON & PLEAD$ ! CAUSE ( ,*RI/IANITY & LEGITIMACY4 ,A LITTLE LAT] ! FOLL[]S ( 
,SA9T-,SIMON DEM&$ A 0SOCIALLY USEFUL =M ( >T4 0,>T = PROGRESS0 WAS A COMMONPLACE ( ! :OLE P]IOD1 & ONE ?AT ,HUGO REVIV$1 )\T 
SUCCE$+ 9 MAK+ IT S\ND CONV9C+4 ,VALLES ALONE BR+S TO HIS MAL$ICTION ( >T A TONE ( IMPRECATION ?AT GIVES IT AU!NTICITY4 

,?IS TONE IS ALSO EMPLOY$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN NIHILI/S4 ,PIS>EV PROCLAIMS ! DEPOSITION ( ES!TIC VALUES1 
9 FAVOR ( PRAGMATIC VALUES4 0,I W\LD RA!R BE A ,RUSSIAN %OEMAK] ?AN A ,RUSSIAN ,RAPHAEL40 ,A PAIR ( 
%OES1 9 HIS EYES1 IS MORE USEFUL ?AN ,%AKESPE>E4 ,! NIHILI/ ,NEKRASSOV1 A GREAT & MOV+ POET1 
NEV]!LESS AFFIRMS ?AT HE PREF]S A PIECE ( *EESE TO ALL ( ,PU%K94 ,F9ALLY1 WE >E FAMILI> ) ! 
EXCOMMUNICATION ( >T PRON\NC$ BY ,TOL/OY4 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA F9ALLY EV5 TURN$ ITS BACK ON ! 
M>BLE /ATUES ( ,V5US & ,APOLLO1 /ILL GILD$ BY ! ,ITALIAN SUN1 ?AT ,PET] ! ,GREAT HAD HAD BR\<T TO 
HIS SUMM] G>D5 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 ,SUFF]+1 SOMETIMES1 TURNS AWAY FROM TOO PA9FUL EXPRESSIONS ( 
HAPP9ESS4 

,G]MAN IDEOLOGY IS NO LESS SEV]E 9 ITS ACCUSATIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y 9T]PRET]S ( 
,HEGEL'S ,PH5OM5OLOGY1 !RE WILL BE NO >T 9 RECONCIL$ SOCIETY4 ,BEAUTY WILL BE LIV$ & NO LONG] 
ONLY IMAG9$4 ,REALITY1 BECOME 5TIRELY RATIONAL1 WILL SATISFY1 COMPLETELY BY ITSELF1 EV]Y APPETITE4 ,! 
CRITICISM ( =MAL CONSCI5CE & ( ESCAPI/ VALUES NATURALLY EXT5DS ITSELF TO EMBRACE >T4 ,>T DOES NOT 
BELONG TO ALL TIMES2 IT IS DET]M9$1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 BY ITS P]IOD1 & EXPRESSES1 SAYS ,M>X1 ! 
PRIVILEG$ VALUES ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,?US !RE IS ONLY ONE REVOLUTION>Y =M ( >T1 :I* IS1 
PRECISELY1 >T D$ICAT$ TO ! S]VICE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,MOREOV]1 BY CREAT+ BEAUTY \TSIDE ! C\RSE 
( HI/ORY1 >T IMP$ES ! ONLY RATIONAL ACTIVITY3 ! TRANS=MATION ( HI/ORY ITSELF 9TO ABSOLUTE BEAUTY4 

,! ,RUSSIAN %OEMAK]1 ONCE HE IS AW>E ( HIS REVOLUTION>Y ROLE1 IS ! REAL CREATOR ( DEF9ITIVE BEAUTY4 

,AS = ,RAPHAEL1 HE CREAT$ ONLY A TRANSITORY BEAUTY1 :I* WILL BE QUITE 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO ! NEW MAN4 

,M>X ASKS HIMSELF1 IT IS TRUE1 H[ ! BEAUTY CREAT$ BY ! ,GREEKS CAN /ILL BE BEAUTIFUL = US4 ,HIS 
ANSW] IS ?AT ?IS BEAUTY IS ! EXPRESSION ( ! NAIVE *ILDHOOD ( ?IS WORLD & ?AT WE HAVE1 9 ! 
MID/ ( \R ADULT /RUGGLES1 A NO/ALGIA = ?IS *ILDHOOD4 ,BUT H[ CAN ! 
MA/]PIECES ( ! ,ITALIAN ,R5AISSANCE1 H[ CAN ,REMBR&T1 H[ CAN ,*9ESE >T /ILL BE BEAUTIFUL 9 \R 
EYES8 ,:AT DOES IT MATT]6 ,! TRIAL ( >T HAS BE5 OP5$ DEF9ITIVELY & IS CONT9U+ TODAY ) ! 
EMB>RASS$ COMPLICITY ( >TI/S & 9TELLECTUALS D$ICAT$ TO CALUMNIAT+ BO? !IR >T & !IR 
9TELLIG5CE4 ,WE NOTICE1 9 FACT1 ?AT 9 ! CONTE/ BETWE5 ,%AKESPE>E & ! %OEMAK]1 IT IS NOT ! 
%OEMAK] :O MALIGNS ,%AKESPE>E OR BEAUTY BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MAN :O CONT9UES TO READ 
,%AKESPE>E & :O DOES NOT *OOSE TO MAKE %OES--:I* HE C\LD NEV] MAKE1 IF IT COMES TO ?AT4 

,! >TI/S ( \R TIME RESEMBLE ! REP5TANT NOBLEM5 ( N9ETE5?-C5TURY ,RUSSIA2 !IR BAD 
CONSCI5CE IS !IR EXCUSE4 ,BUT ! LA/ EMOTION ?AT AN >TI/ CAN EXP]I5CE1 CONFRONT$ ) HIS >T1 IS 
REP5TANCE4 ,IT IS GO+ F> BEYOND SIMPLE & NECESS>Y HUMILITY TO PRET5D TO DISMISS BEAUTY1 TOO1 UNTIL 
! 5D ( TIME1 & MEAN:ILE1 TO DEPRIVE ALL ! WORLD1 9CLUD+ ! %OEMAK]1 ( ?IS ADDITIONAL BREAD 
( :I* ONE HAS TAK5 ADVANTAGE ONESELF4 

,?IS =M ( ASCETIC 9SANITY1 NEV]!LESS1 HAS ITS REASONS1 :I* AT LEA/ >E ( 9T]E/ TO US4 ,!Y 
EXPRESS ON ! ES!TIC LEVEL ! /RUGGLE1 ALREADY DESCRIB$1 ( REVOLUTION & REBELLION4 ,9 EV]Y 
REBELLION IS TO BE F\ND ! METAPHYSICAL DEM& = UNITY1 ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( CAPTUR+ IT1 & ! 
CON/RUCTION ( A SUB/ITUTE UNIV]SE4 ,REBELLION1 FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 IS A FABRICATOR ( UNIV]SES4 ,?IS 
ALSO DEF9ES >T4 ,! DEM&S ( REBELLION >E REALLY1 9 P>T1 ES!TIC DEM&S4 ,ALL REBEL ?\<T1 AS WE 
HAVE SE51 IS EXPRESS$ EI!R 9 RHETORIC OR 9 A CLOS$ UNIV]SE4 ,! RHETORIC ( RAMP>TS 9 ,LUCRETIUS1 ! 
CONV5TS & ISOLAT$ CA/LES ( ,SADE1 ! ISL& OR ! LONELY ROCK ( ! ROMANTICS1 ! SOLIT>Y HEI<TS ( 
,NIETZS*E1 ! PRIMEVAL SEAS ( ,LAUTREAMONT1 ! P>APETS ( ,RIMBAUD1 ! T]RIFY+ CA/LES ( ! 
SURREALI/S1 :I* SPR+ UP 9 A /ORM ( FL[]S1 ! PRISON1 ! NATION BEH9D B>B$ WIRE1 ! 
CONC5TRATION CAMPS1 ! EMPIRE ( FREE SLAVES1 ALL ILLU/RATE1 AFT] !IR [N FA%ION1 ! SAME NE$ = 
COH]5CE & UNITY4 ,9 !SE SEAL$ WORLDS1 MAN CAN REIGN & HAVE KN[L$GE AT LA/4 

,?IS T5D5CY IS COMMON TO ALL ! >TS4 ,! >TI/ RECON/RUCTS ! WORLD TO HIS PLAN4 ,! SYMPHONIES ( 
NATURE KN[ NO RE/S4 ,! WORLD IS NEV] QUIET2 EV5 ITS SIL5CE ET]NALLY RES\NDS ) ! SAME NOTES1 9 
VIBRATIONS ?AT ESCAPE \R E>S4 ,AS = ?OSE ?AT WE P]CEIVE1 !Y C>RY S\NDS TO US1 OCCASIONALLY A 
*ORD1 NEV] A MELODY4 ,MUSIC EXI/S1 H[EV]1 9 :I* SYMPHONIES >E COMPLET$1 :]E MELODY GIVES 
ITS =M TO S\NDS ?AT BY !MSELVES HAVE NONE1 & :]E1 F9ALLY1 A P>TICUL> >RANGEM5T ( NOTES 
EXTRACTS FROM NATURAL DISORD] A UNITY ?AT IS SATISFY+ TO ! M9D & ! HE>T4 

0,I BELIEVE MORE & MORE10 WRITES ,VAN ,GO<1 0?AT ,GOD MU/ NOT BE JUDG$ ON ?IS E>?4 ,IT IS ONE ( ,HIS 
SKET*ES ?AT HAS TURN$ \T BADLY40 ,EV]Y >TI/ TRIES TO RECON/RUCT ?IS SKET* & TO GIVE IT ! /YLE IT 
LACKS4 ,! GREATE/ & MO/ AMBITI\S ( ALL ! >TS1 SCULPTURE1 IS B5T ON CAPTUR+1 9 ?REE DIM5SIONS1 
! FUGITIVE FIGURE ( MAN1 & ON RE/OR+ ! UNITY ( GREAT /YLE TO ! G5]AL DISORD] ( GE/URES4 

,SCULPTURE DOES NOT REJECT RESEMBLANCE1 ( :I*1 9DE$1 IT HAS NE$4 ,BUT RESEMBLANCE IS NOT ITS FIR/ AIM4 

,:AT IT IS LOOK+ =1 9 ITS P]IODS ( GREATNESS1 IS ! GE/URE1 ! EXPRESSION1 OR ! EMPTY />E :I* 
WILL SUM UP ALL ! GE/URES & ALL ! />ES 9 ! WORLD4 ,ITS PURPOSE IS NOT TO IMITATE1 BUT TO /YLIZE & 
TO IMPRISON 9 ONE SIGNIFICANT EXPRESSION ! FLEET+ EC/ASY ( ! BODY OR ! 9F9ITE V>IETY ( HUMAN 
ATTITUDES4 ,!N1 & ONLY !N1 DOES IT ]ECT1 ON ! P$IM5TS ( TEEM+ CITIES1 ! MODEL1 ! TYPE1 ! 
MOTIONLESS P]FECTION ?AT WILL COOL1 = ONE MOM5T1 ! FEV]$ BR[ ( MAN4 ,! FRU/RAT$ LOV] ( 
LOVE CAN F9ALLY GAZE AT ! ,GREEK C>YATIDES & GRASP :AT IT IS ?AT TRIUMPHS1 9 ! BODY & FACE ( ! 
WOMAN1 OV] EV]Y DEGRADATION4 

,! PR9CIPLE ( PA9T+ IS ALSO TO MAKE A *OICE4 0,EV5 G5IUS10 WRITES ,DELACROIX1 RUM9AT+ ON HIS >T1 
0IS ONLY ! GIFT ( G5]ALIZ+ & *OOS+40 ,! PA9T] ISOLATES HIS SUBJECT1 :I* IS ! FIR/ WAY ( 
UNIFY+ IT4 ,L&SCAPES FLEE1 VANI% FROM ! MEMORY1 OR DE/ROY ONE ANO!R4 ,?AT IS :Y ! L&SCAPE 
PA9T] OR ! PA9T] ( /ILL LIFE ISOLATES 9 SPACE & TIME ?+S ?AT NORMALLY *ANGE ) ! LI<T1 GET 
LO/ 9 AN 9F9ITE P]SPECTIVE1 OR DISAPPE> UND] ! IMPACT ( O!R VALUES4 ,! FIR/ ?+ ?AT A 
L&SCAPE PA9T] DOES IS TO SQU>E (F HIS CANVAS4 ,HE ELIM9ATES AS MU* AS HE 9CLUDES4 

,SIMIL>LY1 SUBJECT-PA9T+ ISOLATES1 9 BO? TIME & SPACE1 AN ACTION ?AT NORMALLY W\LD BECOME LO/ 9 
ANO!R ACTION4 ,?US ! PA9T] >RIVES AT A PO9T ( /ABILIZATION4 ,! REALLY GREAT CREATIVE >TI/S >E 
?OSE :O1 LIKE ,PI]O DELLA ,FRANCESCA1 GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! /ABILIZATION HAS ONLY JU/ TAK5 PLACE1 
?AT ! PROJECTION MA*9E HAS SUDD5LY /OPP$ DEAD4 ,ALL !IR SUBJECTS GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT1 BY 
SOME MIRACLE ( >T1 !Y CONT9UE TO LIVE1 :ILE CEAS+ TO BE MORTAL4 ,LONG AFT] HIS DEA?1 ,REMBR&T'S 
PHILOSOPH] /ILL M$ITATES1 BETWE5 LI<T & %ADE1 ON ! SAME PROBLEM4 

0,H[ VA9 A ?+ IS PA9T+ ?AT BEGUILES US BY ! RESEMBLANCE TO OBJECTS ?AT DO NOT PLEASE US AT ALL40 

,DELACROIX1 :O QUOTES ,PASCAL'S CELEBRAT$ REM>K1 IS CORRECT 9 WRIT+ 0/RANGE0 9/EAD ( 0VA940 ,!SE 
OBJECTS DO NOT PLEASE US AT ALL BECAUSE WE DO NOT SEE !M2 !Y >E OBSCUR$ & NEGAT$ BY A P]PETUAL 
PROCESS ( *ANGE4 ,:O LOOK$ AT ! H&S ( ! EXECUTION] DUR+ ! ,FLAGELLATION1 & ! OLIVE TREES 
ON ! WAY TO ! ,CROSS8 ,BUT H]E WE SEE !M REPRES5T$1 TRANSFIGUR$ BY ! 9CESSANT MOVEM5T ( 
! ,PASSION2 & ! AGONY ( ,*RI/1 IMPRISON$ 9 IMAGES ( VIOL5CE & BEAUTY1 CRIES \T AGA9 EA* 
DAY 9 ! COLD ROOMS ( MUSEUMS4 ,A PA9T]'S /YLE LIES 9 ?IS BL5D+ ( NATURE & HI/ORY1 9 ?IS 
/ABILITY IMPOS$ ON 9CESSANT *ANGE4 ,>T REALIZES1 )\T APP>5T EF=T1 ! RECONCILIATION ( ! 
UNIQUE ) ! UNIV]SAL ( :I* ,HEGEL DREAM$4 ,P]HAPS ?AT IS :Y P]IODS1 SU* AS \RS1 :I* >E 
B5T ON UNITY TO ! PO9T ( MADNESS1 TURN TO PRIMITIVE >TS1 9 :I* /YLIZA-TION IS ! MO/ 9T5SE & 
UNITY ! MO/ PROVOCATIVE4 ,! MO/ EXTREME /YLIZATION IS ALWAYS F\ND AT ! BEG9N+ & 5D ( 
>TI/IC MOVEM5TS2 IT DEMON/RATES ! 9T5SITY ( NEGATION & TRANSPOSITION :I* HAS GIV5 MOD]N 
PA9T+ ITS DISORD]LY IMPETUS T[>D 9T]PRET+ UNITY & EXI/5CE4 ,VAN ,GO<'S ADMIRABLE COMPLA9T 
IS ! >ROGANT & DESP]ATE CRY ( ALL >TI/S4 0,I CAN V]Y WELL1 9 LIFE & 9 PA9T+1 TOO1 DO )\T 
,GOD4 ,BUT ,I CANNOT1 SUFF]+ AS ,I DO1 DO )\T SOME?+ ?AT IS GREAT] ?AN ,I AM1 ?AT IS MY LIFE--! 
P[] TO CREATE40 

,BUT ! >TI/'S REBELLION AGA9/ REALITY1 :I* IS AUTOMATICALLY SUSPECT TO ! TOTALIT>IAN REVOLUTION1 
CONTA9S ! SAME AFFIRMATION AS ! SPONTANE\S REBELLION ( ! 
OPPRESS$4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 BORN ( TOTAL NEGATION1 9/9CTIVELY FELT ?AT1 AS WELL AS REFUSAL1 !RE 
WAS ALSO CONS5T TO BE F\ND 9 >T2 ?AT !RE WAS A RISK ( CONTEMPLATION C\NT]BALANC+ ACTION1 
BEAUTY1 & 9JU/ICE1 & ?AT 9 C]TA9 CASES BEAUTY ITSELF WAS A =M ( 9JU/ICE FROM :I* !RE WAS 
NO APPEAL4 ,EQUALLY WELL1 NO =M ( >T CAN SURVIVE ON TOTAL D5IAL ALONE4 ,JU/ AS ALL ?\<T1 & PRIM>ILY 
?AT ( NON-SIGNIFICATION1 SIGNIFIES SOME?+1 SO !RE IS NO >T ?AT HAS NO SIGNIFICATION4 ,MAN CAN ALL[ 
HIMSELF TO D5\NCE ! TOTAL 9JU/ICE ( ! WORLD & !N DEM& A TOTAL JU/ICE ?AT HE ALONE WILL 
CREATE4 ,BUT HE CANNOT AFFIRM ! TOTAL HIDE\SNESS ( ! WORLD4 ,TO CREATE BEAUTY1 HE MU/ SIMULTANE\SLY 
REJECT REALITY & EXALT C]TA9 ( ITS ASPECTS4 ,>T DISPUTES REALITY1 BUT DOES NOT HIDE FROM IT4 ,NIETZS*E 
C\LD D5Y ANY =M ( TRANSC5D5CE1 :E!R MORAL OR DIV9E1 BY SAY+ ?AT TRANSC5D5CE DROVE ONE 
TO SL&] ?IS WORLD & ?IS LIFE4 ,BUT P]HAPS !RE IS A LIV+ TRANSC5D5CE1 ( :I* BEAUTY C>RIES ! 
PROMISE1 :I* CAN MAKE ?IS MORTAL & LIMIT$ WORLD PREF]ABLE TO & MORE APPEAL+ ?AN ANY O!R4 

,>T ?US LEADS US BACK TO ! ORIG9S ( REBELLION1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT TRIES TO GIVE ITS =M TO AN ELUSIVE 
VALUE :I* ! FUTURE P]PETUALLY PROMISES1 BUT ( :I* ! >TI/ HAS A PRES5TIM5T & WI%ES TO 
SNAT* FROM ! GRASP ( HI/ORY4 ,WE %ALL UND]/& ?IS BETT] 9 CONSID]+ ! >T =M :OSE PRECISE 
AIM IS TO BECOME P>T ( ! PROCESS ( EVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO GIVE IT ! /YLE ?AT IT LACKS2 9 O!R WORDS1 
! NOVEL4 

,REBELLION & ! ,NOVEL 

,IT IS POSSIBLE TO SEP>ATE ! LIT]ATURE ( CONS5T1 :I* CO9CIDES1 BY & L>GE1 ) ANCI5T HI/ORY & 
! CLASSICAL P]IOD1 FROM ! LIT]ATURE ( REBELLION1 :I* BEG9S 9 MOD]N TIMES4 ,WE NOTE ! SC>CITY 
( FICTION 9 ! =M]4 ,:5 IT EXI/S1 ) V]Y FEW EXCEPTIONS1 IT IS NOT CONC]N$ ) A /ORY BUT ) 
FANTASY 7,!A-G5ES & ,*>ICLEIA OR ,A/RCEA74 ,!SE >E FAIRY TALES1 NOT NOVELS4 ,9 ! LATT] P]IOD1 ON 
! CONTR>Y1 ! NOVEL =M IS REALLY DEVELOP$--A =M ?AT HAS NOT CEAS$ TO ?RIVE 
& EXT5D ITS FIELD ( ACTIVITY UP TO ! PRES5T DAY1 SIMULTANE\SLY ) ! CRITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y 
MOVEM5T4 ,! NOVEL IS BORN AT ! SAME TIME AS ! SPIRIT ( REBELLION & EXPRESSES1 ON ! ES!TIC 
PLANE1 ! SAME AMBITION4 

0,A MAKE-BELIEVE /ORY1 WRITT5 9 PROSE10 SAYS ,LITTRE AB\T ! NOVEL4 ,IS IT ONLY ?AT8 ,9 ANY CASE1 A 
,CA?OLIC CRITIC1 ,/ANISLAS ,FUMET1 HAS WRITT53 0,>T1 :ATEV] ITS AIMS1 IS ALWAYS 9 S9FUL COMPETITION ) 
,GOD40 ,ACTUALLY1 IT IS MORE CORRECT TO TALK AB\T COMPETITION ) ,GOD1 9 CONNECTION ) ! NOVEL1 ?AN 
( COMPETITION ) MAN'S CIVIL /ATUS4 ,?IBAUDET EXPRESSES A SIMIL> IDEA :5 HE SAYS ( ,BALZAC3 0,! 
,COM$IE HUMA9E IS ! ,IMITATION ( ,GOD ! ,FA!R40 ,! AIM ( GREAT LIT]ATURE SEEMS TO BE TO CREATE A 
CLOS$ UNIV]SE OR A P]FECT TYPE4 ,! ,WE/1 9 ITS GREAT CREATIVE WORKS1 DOES NOT LIMIT ITSELF TO RETRAC+ 
! /EPS ( ITS DAILY LIFE4 ,IT CONSI/5TLY PRES5TS MAGNIFIC5T IMAGES :I* 9FLAME ITS IMAG9ATION & 
SETS (F1 HOTFOOT1 9 PURSUIT ( !M4 

,AFT] ALL1 WRIT+ OR EV5 READ+ A NOVEL IS AN UNUSUAL ACTIVITY4 ,TO CON/RUCT A /ORY BY A NEW 
>RANGEM5T ( ACTUAL FACTS HAS NO?+ 9EVITABLE OR EV5 NECESS>Y AB\T IT4 ,EV5 IF ! ORD9>Y 
EXPLANATION ( ! MUTUAL PLEASURE ( READ] & WRIT] W]E TRUE1 IT W\LD /ILL BE NECESS>Y TO ASK :Y IT 
WAS 9CUMB5T ON A L>GE P>T ( HUMANITY TO TAKE PLEASURE & AN 9T]E/ 9 MAKE-BELIEVE /ORIES4 

,REVOLUTION>Y CRITICISM CONDEMNS ! NOVEL 9 ITS PURE =M AS BE+ SIMPLY A MEANS ( ESCAPE = AN IDLE 
IMAG9ATION4 ,9 EV]YDAY SPEE* WE F9D ! T]M ROMANCE US$ TO DESCRIBE AN EXAGG]AT$ DESCRIPTION OR 
LY+ ACC\NT ( SOME EV5T4 ,NOT SO V]Y LONG AGO IT WAS A COMMONPLACE ?AT Y\NG GIRLS1 DESPITE ALL 
APPE>ANCE TO ! CONTR>Y1 W]E 0ROMANTIC10 BY :I* WAS MEANT ?AT !SE IDEALIZ$ CREATURES TOOK NO 
ACC\NT ( EV]YDAY REALITIES4 ,9 G5]AL1 IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 CONSID]$ ?AT ! ROMANTIC WAS QUITE 
SEP>ATE FROM LIFE & ?AT IT 5HANC$ IT :ILE1 AT ! SAME TIME1 BETRAY+ IT4 ,! SIMPLE/ & MO/ 
COMMON WAY ( 5VISAG+ ROMANTIC EXPRESSION IS TO SEE IT AS AN ESCAPI/ EX]CISE4 ,COMMON S5SE JO9S 
H&S ) REVOLUTION>Y CRITICISM4 

,BUT FROM :AT >E WE ESCAP+ BY MEANS ( ! 
NOVEL8 ,FROM A REALITY WE CONSID] TOO OV]:ELM+8 ,HAPPY PEOPLE READ NOVELS1 TOO1 & IT IS AN 
E/ABLI%$ FACT ?AT EXTREME SUFF]+ TAKES AWAY ! TA/E = READ+4 ,FROM ANO!R ANGLE1 ! ROMANTIC 
UNIV]SE ( ! NOVEL C]TA9LY HAS LESS SUB/ANCE ?AN ! O!R UNIV]SE :]E PEOPLE ( FLE% & BLOOD 
H>ASS US )\T RESPITE4 ,H[EV]1 BY :AT MAGIC DOES ,ADOLPHE1 = 9/ANCE1 SEEM SO MU* MORE 
FAMILI> TO US ?AN ,B5JAM9 ,CON/ANT1 & ,C\NT ,MOSCA ?AN \R PR(ESSIONAL MORALI/S8 ,BALZAC ONCE 
T]M9AT$ A LONG CONV]SATION AB\T POLITICS & ! FATE ( ! WORLD BY SAY+3 0,& N[ LET US GET 
BACK TO S]I\S MATT]S10 MEAN+ ?AT HE WANT$ TO TALK AB\T HIS NOVELS4 ,! 9CONTE/ABLE IMPORTANCE 
( ! WORLD ( ! NOVEL1 \R 9SI/5CE1 9 FACT1 ON TAK+ S]I\SLY ! 9NUM]ABLE MY?S ) :I* 
WE HAVE BE5 PROVID$ = ! LA/ TWO C5TURIES BY ! G5IUS ( WRIT]S1 IS NOT FULLY EXPLA9$ BY ! 
DESIRE TO ESCAPE4 ,ROMANTIC ACTIVITIES UND\BT$LY IMPLY A REJECTION ( REALITY4 ,BUT ?IS REJECTION IS NOT A 
M]E ESCAPI/ FLI<T1 & MI<T BE 9T]PRET$ AS ! RETREAT ( ! S\L :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,HEGEL1 CREATES 
= ITSELF1 9 ITS DISAPPO9TM5T1 A FICTITI\S WORLD 9 :I* E?ICS REIGNS ALONE4 ,! $IFY+ NOVEL1 
H[EV]1 IS F> FROM BE+ GREAT LIT]ATURE2 & ! BE/ ( ALL ROMANTIC NOVELS1 ,PAUL ET ,VIRG9IE1 A REALLY 
HE>TBREAK+ BOOK1 MAKES NO CONCESSIONS TO CONSOLATION4 

,! CONTRADICTION IS ?IS3 MAN REJECTS ! WORLD AS IT IS1 )\T ACCEPT+ ! NECESSITY ( ESCAP+ IT4 ,9 
FACT1 M5 CL+ TO ! WORLD & BY F> ! MAJORITY DO NOT WANT TO AB&ON IT4 ,F> FROM ALWAYS WANT+ TO 
=GET IT1 !Y SUFF]1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 FROM NOT BE+ ABLE TO POSSESS IT COMPLETELY 5\<1 E/RANG$ 
CITIZ5S ( ! WORLD1 EXIL$ FROM !IR [N C\NTRY4 ,EXCEPT = VIVID MOM5TS ( FULFILLM5T1 ALL REALITY 
= !M IS 9COMPLETE4 ,!IR ACTIONS ESCAPE !M 9 ! =M ( O!R ACTIONS1 RETURN 9 UNEXPECT$ 
GUISES TO JUDGE !M1 & DISAPPE> LIKE ! WAT] ,TANTALUS LONG$ TO DR9K1 9TO SOME /ILL UNDISCOV]$ 
ORIFICE4 ,TO KN[ ! :]EAB\TS ( ! ORIFICE1 TO CONTROL ! C\RSE ( ! RIV]1 TO UND]/& LIFE1 AT 
LA/1 AS DE/9Y--!SE >E !IR TRUE ASPIRATIONS4 ,BUT ?IS VISION :I*1 9 ! REALM ( CONSCI\SNESS AT 
LEA/1 WILL RECONCILE !M ) !MSELVES1 CAN ONLY APPE>1 IF IT EV] DOES APPE>1 AT ! FUGITIVE MOM5T 
?AT IS DEA?1 9 :I* 
EV]Y?+ IS CONSUMMAT$4 ,9 ORD] TO EXI/ JU/ ONCE 9 ! WORLD1 IT IS NECESS>Y NEV] AGA9 TO EXI/4 

,AT ?IS PO9T IS BORN ! FATAL 5VY :I* SO MANY M5 FEEL ( ! LIVES ( O!RS4 ,SE5 FROM A DI/ANCE1 
!SE EXI/5CES SEEM TO POSSESS A COH]5CE & A UNITY :I* !Y CANNOT HAVE 9 REALITY1 BUT :I* 
SEEM EVID5T TO ! SPECTATOR4 ,HE SEES ONLY ! SALI5T PO9TS ( !SE LIVES )\T TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! 
DETAILS ( CORROSION4 ,?US WE MAKE !SE LIVES 9TO WORKS ( >T4 ,9 AN ELEM5T>Y FA%ION WE TURN !M 
9TO NOVELS4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 EV]YONE TRIES TO MAKE HIS LIFE A WORK ( >T4 ,WE WANT LOVE TO LA/ & WE KN[ 
?AT IT DOES NOT LA/2 EV5 IF1 BY SOME MIRACLE1 IT W]E TO LA/ A :OLE LIFETIME1 IT W\LD /ILL BE 9COMPLETE4 

,P]HAPS1 9 ?IS 9SATIABLE NE$ = P]PETUATION1 WE %\LD BETT] UND]/& HUMAN SUFF]+ IF WE KNEW 
?AT IT WAS ET]NAL4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT GREAT M9DS >E SOMETIMES LESS HORRIFI$ BY SUFF]+ ?AN BY ! FACT 
?AT IT DOES NOT 5DURE4 ,9 DEFAULT ( 9EXHAU/IBLE HAPP9ESS1 ET]NAL SUFF]+ W\LD AT LEA/ GIVE US A 
DE/9Y4 ,BUT WE DO NOT EV5 HAVE ?AT CONSOLATION1 & \R WOR/ AGONIES COME TO AN 5D ONE DAY4 ,ONE 
MORN+1 AFT] MANY D>K NI<TS ( DESPAIR1 AN IRREPRESSIBLE LONG+ TO LIVE WILL ANN\NCE TO US ! FACT 
?AT ALL IS F9I%$ & ?AT SUFF]+ HAS NO MORE MEAN+ ?AN HAPP9ESS4 

,! DESIRE = POSSESSION IS ONLY ANO!R =M ( ! DESIRE TO 5DURE2 IT IS ?IS ?AT COMPRISES ! 
IMPOT5T DELIRIUM ( LOVE4 ,NO HUMAN BE+1 EV5 ! MO/ PASSIONATELY LOV$ & PASSIONATELY LOV+1 IS 
EV] 9 \R POSSESSION4 ,ON ! PITILESS E>? :]E LOV]S >E (T5 SEP>AT$ 9 DEA? & >E ALWAYS BORN 
DIVID$1 ! TOTAL POSSESSION ( ANO!R HUMAN BE+ & ABSOLUTE COMMUNION ?R\<\T AN 5TIRE 
LIFETIME >E IMPOSSIBLE DREAMS4 ,! DESIRE = POSSESSION IS 9SATIABLE1 TO SU* A PO9T ?AT IT CAN SURVIVE 
EV5 LOVE ITSELF4 ,TO LOVE1 !RE=E1 IS TO /]ILIZE ! P]SON ONE LOVES4 ,! %AMEFAC$ SUFF]+ ( ! 
AB&ON$ LOV] IS NOT SO MU* DUE TO BE+ NO LONG] LOV$ AS TO KN[+ ?AT ! O!R P>TN] CAN & 
MU/ LOVE AGA94 ,9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 EV]Y MAN DEV\R$ BY ! OV]P[]+ DESIRE TO 5DURE & 
POSSESS WI%ES ?AT ?OSE :OM HE HAS LOV$ W]E EI!R /]ILE OR DEAD4 ,?IS IS REAL REBELLION4 ,?OSE :O 
HAVE NOT 9SI/$1 AT LEA/ ONCE1 ON ! ABSOLUTE VIRG9ITY ( HUMAN BE+S & ( ! 
WORLD1 :O HAVE NOT TREMBL$ ) LONG+ & IMPOT5CE AT ! FACT ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 & HAVE !N 
NOT BE5 DE/ROY$ BY TRY+ TO LOVE HALFHE>T$LY1 P]PETUALLY =C$ BACK UPON !IR LONG+ = ! 
ABSOLUTE1 CANNOT UND]/& ! REALITIES ( REBELLION & ITS RAV5+ DESIRE = DE/RUCTION4 ,BUT ! LIVES 
( O!RS ALWAYS ESCAPE US1 & WE ESCAPE !M TOO2 !Y HAVE NO FIRM \TL9E4 ,LIFE FROM ?IS PO9T ( 
VIEW IS )\T /YLE4 ,IT IS ONLY AN IMPULSE ?AT 5DLESSLY PURSUES ITS =M )\T EV] F9D+ IT4 ,MAN1 
TORTUR$ BY ?IS1 TRIES 9 VA9 TO F9D ! =M ?AT WILL IMPOSE C]TA9 LIMITS BETWE5 :I* HE CAN BE 
K+4 ,IF ONLY ONE S+LE LIV+ ?+ HAD DEF9ITE =M1 HE W\LD BE RECONCIL$6 

,!RE IS NOT ONE HUMAN BE+ :O1 ABOVE A C]TA9 ELEM5T>Y LEVEL ( CONSCI\SNESS1 DOES NOT EXHAU/ 
HIMSELF 9 TRY+ TO F9D =MULAS OR ATTITUDES ?AT WILL GIVE HIS EXI/5CE ! UNITY IT LACKS4 ,APPE>ANCE 
& ACTION1 ! D&Y & ! REVOLUTION>Y1 ALL DEM& UNITY 9 ORD] TO EXI/1 & 9 ORD] TO EXI/ ON 
?IS E>?4 ,AS 9 ?OSE MOV+ & UNHAPPY RELATION%IPS :I* SOMETIMES SURVIVE = A V]Y LONG TIME 
BECAUSE ONE ( ! P>TN]S IS WAIT+ TO F9D ! RI<T WORD1 ACTION1 GE/URE1 OR SITUATION :I* WILL BR+ 
HIS ADV5TURE TO AN 5D ON EXACTLY ! RI<T NOTE1 SO EV]YONE PROPOSES & CREATES = HIMSELF ! F9AL 
WORD4 ,IT IS NOT SUFFICI5T TO LIVE1 !RE MU/ BE A DE/9Y ?AT DOES NOT HAVE TO WAIT = DEA?4 ,IT IS !RE=E 
JU/IFIABLE TO SAY ?AT MAN HAS AN IDEA ( A BETT] WORLD ?AN ?IS4 ,BUT BETT] DOES NOT MEAN DIFF]5T1 IT 
MEANS UNIFI$4 ,?IS PASSION :I* LIFTS ! M9D ABOVE ! COMMONPLACES ( A DISP]S$ WORLD1 FROM 
:I* IT NEV]!LESS CANNOT FREE ITSELF1 IS ! PASSION = UNITY4 ,IT DOES NOT RESULT 9 M$IOCRE EF=TS TO 
ESCAPE1 H[EV]1 BUT 9 ! MO/ OB/9ATE DEM&S4 ,RELIGION OR CRIME1 EV]Y HUMAN 5DEAVOR 9 FACT1 
F9ALLY OBEYS ?IS UNREASONABLE DESIRE & CLAIMS TO GIVE LIFE A =M IT DOES NOT HAVE4 ,! SAME IMPULSE1 
:I* CAN LEAD TO ! ADORATION ( ! HEAV5S OR ! DE/RUCTION ( MAN1 ALSO LEADS TO CREATIVE LIT]ATURE1 
:I* D]IVES ITS S]I\S CONT5T FROM ?IS S\RCE4 

,:AT1 9 FACT1 IS A NOVEL BUT A UNIV]SE 9 :I* ACTION IS 5D[$ ) =M1 :]E F9AL WORDS >E 
PRON\NC$1 :]E PEOPLE POSSESS ONE ANO!R COMPLETELY1 
& :]E LIFE ASSUMES ! ASPECT ( DE/9Y8.<#g#h.> ,! WORLD ( ! NOVEL IS ONLY A RECTIFICATION ( ! WORLD 
WE LIVE 91 9 PURSUANCE ( MAN'S DEEPE/ WI%ES4 ,= ! WORLD IS UND\BT$LY ! SAME ONE WE KN[4 

,! SUFF]+1 ! ILLUSION1 ! LOVE >E ! SAME4 ,! H]OES SPEAK \R LANGUAGE1 HAVE \R WEAKNESSES 
& \R /R5G?4 ,!IR UNIV]SE IS NEI!R MORE BEAUTIFUL NOR MORE 5LI<T5+ ?AN \RS4 ,BUT !Y1 AT 
LEA/1 PURSUE !IR DE/9IES TO ! BITT] 5D & !RE >E NO MORE FASC9AT+ H]OES ?AN ?OSE :O 
9DULGE !IR PASSIONS TO ! FULLE/1 ,KIRILOV & ,/AVROG91 ,MME ,GRASL91 ,JULI5 ,SOREL1 OR ! ,PR9CE DE 
,CLEVES4 ,IT IS H]E ?AT WE CAN NO LONG] KEEP PACE ) !M1 = !Y COMPLETE ?+S ?AT WE CAN NEV] 
CONSUMMATE4 

,MME DE ,LA ,FAYETTE D]IV$ ! ,PR9CESSE DE ,CLEVES FROM ! MO/ H>R[+ EXP]I5CES4 ,UND\BT$LY 
%E IS ,MME DE ,CLEVES & YET %E IS NOT4 ,:]E LIES ! DIFF]5CE8 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ,MME DE ,LA 
,FAYETTE DID NOT GO 9TO A CONV5T & ?AT NO ONE >\ND H] DI$ ( DESPAIR4 ,NO D\BT %E KNEW 
MOM5TS1 AT LEA/1 ( AGONY 9 H] EXTRAORD9>Y PASSION4 ,BUT !RE WAS NO CULM9AT+-PO9T2 %E 
SURVIV$ H] LOVE & PROLONG$ IT BY CEAS+ TO LIVE IT1 & F9ALLY NO ONE1 NOT EV5 H]SELF1 W\LD HAVE 
KN[N ITS PATT]N IF %E HAD NOT GIV5 IT ! P]FECT DEL9EATION ( FAULTLESS PROSE4 

,NOR IS !RE ANY /ORY MORE ROMANTIC & BEAUTIFUL ?AN ?AT ( ,SOPHIE ,TONSKA & ,CASIMIR 9 ,GOB9EAU'S 
,PLEIADES4 ,SOPHIE1 A S5SITIVE & BEAUTIFUL WOMAN1 :O MAKES ONE UND]/& ,/5DAHL'S CONFESSION ?AT 
0ONLY WOM5 ( GREAT *>ACT] CAN MAKE ME HAPPY10 =CES ,CASIMIR TO CONFESS HIS LOVE = H]4 

,ACCU/OM$ TO BE+ LOV$1 %E BECOMES IMPATI5T ) ,CASIMIR1 :O SEES H] EV]Y DAY & YET NEV] 
DEP>TS FROM AN ATTITUDE ( IRRITAT+ DETA*M5T4 ,CASIMIR CONFESSES HIS LOVE1 BUT 9 ! TONE ( ONE /AT+ 
A LEGAL CASE4 ,HE HAS /UDI$ IT1 KN[S IT AS WELL AS HE KN[S HIMSELF1 & IS CONV9C$ ?AT ?IS LOVE1 
)\T :I* HE CANNOT LIVE1 HAS NO FUTURE4 ,HE HAS !RE=E DECID$ TO TELL H] ( HIS LOVE & AT ! 
SAME 
TIME TO ACKN[L$GE ?AT IT IS VA9 & TO MAKE OV] HIS =TUNE TO H]--%E IS RI*1 & ?IS GE/URE IS ( 
NO IMPORTANCE--ON CONDITION ?AT %E GIVE HIM A V]Y MODE/ P5SION :I* WILL ALL[ HIM TO 9/ALL 
HIMSELF 9 ! SUBURB ( A T[N *OS5 AT R&OM 7IT WILL BE ,VILNA7 & !RE AWAIT DEA? 9 POV]TY4 

,CASIMIR RECOGNIZES1 MOREOV]1 ?AT ! IDEA ( RECEIV+ FROM ,SOPHIE ! NECESS>Y MONEY ON :I* TO 
LIVE REPRES5TS A CONCESSION TO HUMAN WEAKNESS1 ! ONLY ONE HE WILL P]MIT HIMSELF1 )1 AT LONG 
9T]VALS1 ! DISPAT* ( A BLANK %EET ( PAP] 9 AN 5VELOPE ON :I* HE WILL WRITE ,SOPHIE'S NAME4 

,AFT] BE+ FIR/ 9DIGNANT1 !N P]TURB$1 & !N MELAN*OLY1 ,SOPHIE ACCEPTS2 & EV]Y?+ HAPP5S 
AS ,CASIMIR =ESAW4 ,HE DIES1 9 ,VILNA1 ( A BROK5 HE>T4 ,ROMANTICISM ?US HAS ITS LOGIC4 ,A /ORY IS NEV] 
REALLY MOV+ & SUCCESSFUL )\T ! IMP]TURBABLE CONT9UITY :I* IS NEV] P>T ( REAL LIFE1 BUT 
:I* IS TO BE F\ND ON ! BORD]L& BETWE5 REALITY & REV]IE4 ,IF ,GOB9EAU HIMSELF HAD GONE TO ,VILNA 
HE W\LD HAVE GOT BOR$ & COME BACK1 OR W\LD HAVE SETTL$ D[N COM=TABLY4 ,BUT ,CASIMIR NEV] 
EXP]I5C$ ANY DESIRE TO *ANGE NOR DID HE EV] WAKE CUR$ ( HIS LOVE4 ,HE W5T TO ! BITT] 5D1 LIKE 
,HEA?CLIFF1 :O WANT$ TO GO BEYOND DEA? 9 ORD] TO REA* ! V]Y DEP?S ( HELL4 

,H]E WE HAVE AN IMAG9>Y WORLD1 !RE=E1 :I* IS CREAT$ BY ! RECTIFICATION ( ! ACTUAL WORLD--A 
WORLD :]E SUFF]+ CAN1 IF IT WI%ES1 CONT9UE UNTIL DEA?1 :]E PASSIONS >E NEV] DI/RACT$1 :]E 
PEOPLE >E PREY TO OBSESSIONS & >E ALWAYS PRES5T TO ONE ANO!R4 ,MAN IS F9ALLY ABLE TO GIVE HIMSELF 
! ALLEVIAT+ =M & LIMITS :I* HE PURSUES 9 VA9 9 HIS [N LIFE4 ,! NOVEL CREATES DE/9Y TO SUIT 
ANY EV5TUALITY4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT COMPETES ) CREATION &1 PROVISIONALLY1 CONQU]S DEA?4 ,A DETAIL$ 
ANALYSIS ( ! MO/ FAM\S NOVELS W\LD %[1 9 DIFF]5T P]SPECTIVES EA* TIME1 ?AT ! ESS5CE ( 
! NOVEL LIES 9 ?IS P]PETUAL ALT]ATION1 ALWAYS DIRECT$ T[>D ! SAME 5DS1 ?AT ! >TI/ MAKES 9 
HIS [N EXP]I5CE4 ,F> FROM BE+ MORAL OR EV5 PURELY =MAL1 ?IS ALT]ATION AIMS1 PRIM>ILY1 AT UNITY 
& !REBY EXPRESSES A METAPHYSICAL NE$4 ,! NOVEL1 ON ?IS LEVEL1 IS PRIM>ILY AN EX]CISE ( ! 
9TELLIG5CE 9 ! S]VICE ( NO/ALGIC OR REBELLI\S S5SIBILITIES4 ,IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO /UDY 
?IS QUE/ = UNITY 9 ! ,FR5* ANALYTICAL NOVEL & 9 ,MELVILLE1 ,BALZAC1 ,DO/OIEVSKY1 OR ,TOL/OY4 ,BUT A BRIEF 
COMP>ISON BETWE5 TWO ATTEMPTS ?AT /& AT DIFF]5T POLES ( ! WORLD ( ! NOVEL--! WORKS ( ,PR\/ & 
,AM]ICAN FICTION ( ! LA/ FEW YE>S--WILL SUFFICE = \R PURPOSE4 

,! ,AM]ICAN NOVEL.<#g#i.> CLAIMS TO F9D ITS UNITY 9 R$UC+ MAN EI!R TO ELEM5TALS OR TO HIS EXT]NAL REACTIONS & TO 
HIS BEHAVIOR4 ,IT DOES NOT *OOSE FEEL+S OR PASSIONS TO GIVE A DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION (1 SU* AS WE F9D 9 CLASSIC 
,FR5* NOVELS4 ,IT REJECTS ANALYSIS & ! SE>* = A FUNDAM5TAL PSY*OLOGICAL MOTIVE ?AT C\LD EXPLA9 & 
RECAPITULATE ! BEHAVIOR ( A *>ACT]4 ,?IS IS :Y ! UNITY ( ?IS NOVEL =M IS ONLY ! UNITY ( ! FLA% ( 
RECOGNITION4 ,ITS TE*NIQUE CONSI/S 9 DESCRIB+ M5 BY !IR \TSIDE APPE>ANCES1 9 !IR MO/ CASUAL ACTIONS1 ( 
REPRODUC+1 )\T COMM5T1 EV]Y?+ !Y SAY D[N TO !IR REPETITIONS1.<#h.> & F9ALLY BY ACT+ AS IF M5 W]E 
5TIRELY DEF9$ BY !IR DAILY AUTOMATISMS4 ,ON ?IS ME*ANICAL LEVEL M51 9 FACT1 SEEM EXACTLY ALIKE1 :I* 
EXPLA9S ?IS PECULI> UNIV]SE 9 :I* ALL ! *>ACT]S APPE> 9T]*ANGEABLE1 EV5 D[N TO !IR PHYSICAL 
PECULI>ITIES4 ,?IS TE*NIQUE IS CALL$ REALI/IC ONLY [+ TO A MISAPPREH5SION4 ,9 ADDITION TO ! FACT ?AT REALISM 
9 >T IS1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 AN 9COMPREH5SIBLE IDEA1 IT IS P]FECTLY OBVI\S ?AT ?IS FICTITI\S WORLD IS NOT ATTEMPT+ 
A REPRODUCTION1 PURE & SIMPLE1 ( REALITY1 BUT ! MO/ >BITR>Y =M ( /YLIZATION4 ,IT IS BORN ( A MUTILATION1 & 
( A VOLUNT>Y MUTILATION1 P]=M$ ON REALITY4 ,! UNITY ?US OBTA9$ IS A DEGRAD$ UNITY1 A LEVEL+ (F ( HUMAN 
BE+S & ( ! WORLD4 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT = !SE WRIT]S IT IS ! 9N] LIFE ?AT DEPRIVES HUMAN ACTIONS ( UNITY 
& ?AT TE>S PEOPLE AWAY FROM ONE ANO!R4 ,?IS IS A P>TIALLY LEGITIMATE SUSPICION4 ,BUT REBELLION1 :I* IS ONE ( 
! S\RCES ( ! >T ( FICTION1 CAN F9D SATISFACTION ONLY 9 CON/RUCT+ UNITY ON ! BASIS ( AFFIRM+ ?IS 9T]IOR 
REALITY & NOT ( D5Y+ IT4 ,TO 
D5Y IT TOTALLY IS TO REF] ONESELF TO AN IMAG9>Y MAN4 ,NOVELS ( VIOL5CE >E ALSO LOVE /ORIES1 ( :I* !Y HAVE ! =MAL CONCEITS--9 !IR [N WAY1 !Y $IFY4.<#h#a.> ,! LIFE ( ! BODY1 R$UC$ TO ITS 
ESS5TIALS1 P>ADOXICALLY PRODUCES AN AB/RACT & GRATUIT\S UNIV]SE1 CONT9U\SLY D5I$1 9 ITS TURN1 BY 
REALITY4 ,?IS TYPE ( NOVEL1 PURG$ ( 9T]IOR LIFE1 9 :I* M5 SEEM TO BE OBS]V$ BEH9D A PANE ( 
GLASS1 LOGICALLY 5DS1 ) ITS EMPHASIS ON ! PA?OLOGICAL1 BY GIV+ ITSELF AS ITS UNIQUE SUBJECT ! 
SUPPOS$LY AV]AGE MAN4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT IS POSSIBLE TO EXPLA9 ! EXTRAORD9>Y NUMB] ( 09NOC5TS0 
:O APPE> 9 ?IS UNIV]SE4 ,! SIMPLETON IS ! IDEAL SUBJECT = SU* AN 5T]PRISE S9CE HE CAN ONLY BE 
DEF9$--& COMPLETELY DEF9$--BY HIS BEHAVIOR4 ,HE IS ! SYMBOL ( ! DESPAIR+ WORLD 9 :I* 
WRET*$ AUTOMATONS LIVE 9 A MA*9E-RIDD5 UNIV]SE1 :I* ,AM]ICAN NOVELI/S HAVE PRES5T$ AS A HE>T-R5D+ BUT /]ILE PROTE/4 

,AS = ,PR\/1 HIS CONTRIBUTION HAS BE5 TO CREATE1 FROM AN OB/9ATE CONTEMPLATION ( REALITY1 A CLOS$ 
WORLD ?AT BELONG$ ONLY TO HIM & ?AT 9DICAT$ HIS VICTORY OV] ! TRANSITOR9ESS ( ?+S & OV] 
DEA?4 ,BUT HE USES ABSOLUTELY ! OPPOSITE MEANS4 ,HE UPHOLDS1 ABOVE EV]Y?+1 BY A DELIB]ATE *OICE1 A 
C>EFUL SELECTION ( UNIQUE EXP]I5CE1 :I* ! WRIT] *OOSES FROM ! MO/ SECRET RECESSES ( HIS PA/4 

,IMM5SE EMPTY SPACES >E ?US DISC>D$ FROM LIFE BECAUSE !Y HAVE LEFT NO TRACE 9 ! MEMORY4 ,IF ! 
,AM]ICAN NOVEL IS ! NOVEL ( M5 )\T MEMORY1 ! WORLD ( ,PR\/ IS NO?+ BUT MEMORY4 ,IT IS 
CONC]N$ ONLY ) ! MO/ DIFFICULT & MO/ EXACT+ ( MEMORIES1 ! MEMORY ?AT REJECTS ! 
DISP]SION ( ! ACTUAL WORLD & D]IVES1 FROM ! TRACE ( A L+]+ P]FUME1 ! SECRET ( A NEW & 
ANCI5T UNIV]SE4 ,PR\/ *OOSES ! 9T]IOR LIFE &1 ( ! 9T]IOR LIFE1 ?AT :I* IS MORE 9T]IOR ?AN 
LIFE ITSELF 9 PREF]5CE TO :AT IS =GOTT5 9 ! WORLD ( REALITY-- 9 O!R WORDS1 ! PURELY ME*ANICAL 
& BL9D ASPECTS ( ! WORLD4 ,BUT BY HIS REJECTION ( REALITY HE DOES NOT D5Y REALITY4 ,HE DOES NOT 
COMMIT ! ]ROR1 :I* W\LD C\NT]BALANCE ! ]ROR ( ,AM]ICAN FICTION1 ( SUPPRESS+ ! ME*ANICAL4 ,HE UNITES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 9TO A SUP]IOR =M ( UNITY1 ! MEMORY ( ! PA/ & ! IMM$IATE S5SATION1 ! TWI/$ FOOT & ! HAPPY DAYS ( TIMES PA/4 

,IT IS DIFFICULT TO RETURN TO ! PLACES ( ONE'S E>LY HAPP9ESS4 ,! Y\NG GIRLS 9 ! FL[] ( !IR Y\? 
/ILL LAU< & *ATT] ON ! SEA%ORE1 BUT HE :O WAT*ES !M GRADUALLY LOSES HIS RI<T TO LOVE !M1 
JU/ AS ?OSE HE HAS LOV$ LOSE ! P[] TO BE LOV$4 ,?IS MELAN*OLY IS ! MELAN*OLY ( ,PR\/4 ,IT WAS 
P[]FUL 5\< 9 HIM TO CAUSE A VIOL5T REJECTION ( ALL EXI/5CE4 ,BUT HIS PASSION = FACES & = ! 
LI<T ATTA*$ HIM AT ! SAME TIME TO LIFE4 ,HE NEV] ADMITT$ ?AT ! HAPPY DAYS ( HIS Y\? W]E LO/ 
=EV]4 ,HE UND]TOOK ! TASK ( RE-CREAT+ !M & ( DEMON/RAT+1 9 ! FACE ( DEA?1 ?AT ! PA/ 
C\LD BE REGA9$ AT ! 5D ( TIME 9 ! =M ( AN IMP]I%ABLE PRES5T1 BO? TRU] & RI*] ?AN IT 
WAS AT ! BEG9N+4 ,! PSY*OLOGICAL ANALYSIS ( ,REMEMBRANCE ( ,?+S ,PA/ IS NO?+ BUT A POT5T 
MEANS TO AN 5D4 ,! REAL GREATNESS ( ,PR\/ LIES 9 HAV+ WRITT5 ,TIME ,REGA9$1 :I* RESEMBLES ! 
WORLD ( DISP]SION & :I* GIVES IT A MEAN+ ON ! V]Y LEVEL ( 9TEGRATION4 ,HIS DIFFICULT VICTORY1 ON 
! EVE ( HIS DEA?1 IS TO HAVE BE5 ABLE TO EXTRACT FROM ! 9CESSANT FLI<T ( =MS1 BY MEANS ( 
MEMORY & 9TELLIG5CE ALONE1 ! T5TATIVE TREMBL+ SYMBOLS ( HUMAN UNITY4 ,! MO/ DEF9ITE 
*ALL5GE ?AT A WORK ( ?IS K9D CAN GIVE TO CREATION IS TO PRES5T ITSELF AS AN 5TIRETY1 AS A CLOS$ & 
UNIFI$ WORLD4 ,?IS DEF9ES AN UNREP5TANT WORK ( >T4 

,IT HAS BE5 SAID ?AT ! WORLD ( ,PR\/ WAS A WORLD )\T A GOD4 ,IF ?AT IS TRUE1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE ,GOD IS 
NEV] SPOK5 (1 BUT BECAUSE ! AMBITION ( ?IS WORLD IS TO BE ABSOLUTE P]FECTION & TO GIVE TO ET]NITY 
! ASPECT ( MAN4 ,TIME ,REGA9$1 AT LEA/ 9 ITS ASPIRATIONS1 IS ET]NITY )\T ,GOD4 ,PR\/'S WORK1 9 ?IS 
REG>D1 APPE>S TO BE ONE ( ! MO/ AMBITI\S & MO/ SIGNIFICANT ( MAN'S 5T]PRISES AGA9/ HIS 
MORTAL CONDITION4 ,HE HAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ! >T ( ! NOVEL CAN RECON/RUCT CREATION ITSELF1 9 ! =M 
?AT IT IS IMPOS$ ON US & 9 ! =M 9 :I* WE REJECT IT4 ,9 ONE ( ITS ASPECTS1 AT LEA/1 ?IS >T CONSI/S 
9 *OOS+ ! CREATURE 9 PREF]5CE TO HIS CREATOR4 ,BUT /ILL MORE PR(\NDLY1 IT IS ALLI$ 
TO ! BEAUTY ( ! WORLD OR ( ITS 9HABITANTS AGA9/ ! P[]S ( DEA? & OBLIVION4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS WAY ?AT HIS REBELLION IS CREATIVE4 

,REBELLION & ,/YLE 

,BY ! TREATM5T ?AT ! >TI/ IMPOSES ON REALITY1 HE DECL>ES ! 9T5SITY ( HIS REJECTION4 ,BUT :AT HE 
RETA9S ( REALITY 9 ! UNIV]SE ?AT HE CREATES REVEALS ! DEGREE ( CONS5T ?AT HE GIVES TO AT LEA/ ONE 
P>T ( REALITY--:I* HE DRAWS FROM ! %AD[S ( EVOLUTION TO BR+ IT TO ! LI<T ( CREATION4 ,9 ! 
F9AL ANALYSIS1 IF ! REJECTION IS TOTAL1 REALITY IS !N COMPLETELY BANI%$ & ! RESULT IS A PURELY =MAL 
WORK4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! >TI/ *OOSES1 = REASONS (T5 UNCONNECT$ ) >T1 TO EXALT CRUDE 
REALITY1 ! RESULT IS !N REALISM4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE ! PRIMITIVE CREATIVE IMPULSE 9 :I* REBELLION & 
CONS5T1 AFFIRMATION & NEGATION >E CLOSELY ALLI$ IS ADULT]AT$ TO ! ADVANTAGE ( REJECTION4 ,IT !N 
REPRES5TS =MAL ESCAPISM1 ( :I* \R P]IOD HAS FURNI%$ SO MANY EXAMPLES & ( :I* ! NIHILI/ 
ORIG9 IS QUITE EVID5T4 ,9 ! SECOND CASE ! >TI/ CLAIMS TO GIVE ! WORLD UNITY BY )DRAW+ FROM IT 
ALL PRIVILEG$ P]SPECTIVES4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 HE CONFESSES HIS NE$ = UNITY1 EV5 A DEGRAD$ =M ( UNITY4 

,BUT HE ALSO R5\NCES ! FIR/ REQUIREM5T ( >TI/IC CREATION4 ,TO D5Y ! RELATIVE FRE$OM ( ! 
CREATIVE M9D MORE =CIBLY1 HE AFFIRMS ! IMM$IATE TOTALITY ( ! WORLD4 ,! ACT ( CREATION D5IES 
ITSELF 9 BO? !SE K9DS ( WORK4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 IT REFUS$ ONLY ONE ASPECT ( REALITY :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY 
AFFIRM+ ANO!R4 ,:E!R IT COMES TO ! PO9T ( REJECT+ ALL REALITY OR ( AFFIRM+ NO?+ BUT REALITY1 
IT D5IES ITSELF EA* TIME EI!R BY ABSOLUTE NEGATION OR BY ABSOLUTE AFFIRMATION4 ,IT CAN BE SE5 ?AT1 ON ! 
PLANE ( ES!TICS1 ?IS ANALYSIS CO9CIDES ) ! ANALYSIS ,I HAVE SKET*$ ON ! HI/ORICAL PLANE4 

,BUT JU/ AS !RE IS NO NIHILISM ?AT DOES NOT 5D BY SUPPOS+ A VALUE1 & NO MAT]IALISM ?AT1 BE+ 
SELF-CONCEIV$1 DOES NOT 5D BY CONTRADICT+ ITSELF1 SO =MAL >T & REALI/ >T >E ABSURD CONCEPTS4 ,NO 
>T CAN COMPLETELY REJECT REALITY4 ,! ,GORGON IS1 D\BTLESS1 A PURELY 
IMAG9>Y CREATURE2 ITS FACE & ! S]P5TS ?AT CR[N IT >E P>T ( NATURE4 ,=MALISM CAN SUCCE$ 9 
PURG+ ITSELF MORE & MORE ( REAL CONT5T1 BUT !RE IS ALWAYS A LIMIT4 ,EV5 PURE GEOMETRY1 :]E 
AB/RACT PA9T+ SOME- TIMES 5DS1 /ILL D]IVES ITS COLOR & ITS CON=MITY TO ,I P]SPECTIVE FROM ! 
EXT]IOR WORLD4 ,! ONLY REAL =MAL- ISM IS SIL5CE4 ,MOREOV]1 REALISM CANNOT DISP5SE ) A M9IMUM 
( 9T]PRETATION & >BITR>9ESS4 ,EV5 ! V]Y BE/ PHOTOGRAPHS DO NOT REPRES5T REALITY2 !Y RESULT 
FROM AN ACT ( SELECTION & IMPOSE A LIMIT ON SOME?+ ?AT HAS NONE4 ,! REALI/ >TI/ & ! =MAL 
>TI/ TRY TO F9D UNITY :]E IT DOES NOT EXI/1 9 REALITY 9 ITS CRUDE/ /ATE1 OR 9 IMAG9ATIVE CREATION 
:I* WANTS TO ABOLI% ALL REALITY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 UNITY 9 >T APPE>S AT ! LIMIT ( ! TRANS=MATION 
?AT ! >TI/ IMPOSES ON REALITY4 ,IT CANNOT DISP5SE ) EI!R4 ,?IS CORRECTION.<#h#b.> :I* ! >TI/ IMPOSES 
BY HIS LANGUAGE & BY A R$I/RIBUTION ( ELEM5TS D]IV$ FROM REALITY IS CALL$ /YLE & GIVES ! RE- 
CREAT$ UNIV]SE ITS UNITY & ITS B\ND>IES4 ,IT ATTEMPTS1 9 ! WORK ( EV]Y REBEL1 TO IMPOSE ITS LAWS ON 
! WORLD1 & SUCCE$S 9 ! CASE ( A FEW G5IUSES4 0,POETS10 SAID ,%ELLEY1 0>E ! UNACKN[L$G$ LEGISLATORS ( ! WORLD40 
,LIT]>Y >T1 BY ITS ORIG9S1 CANNOT FAIL TO ILLU/RATE ?IS VOCATION4 ,IT CAN NEI!R TOTALLY CONS5T TO REALITY NOR 
TURN ASIDE FROM IT COMPLETELY4 ,! PURELY IMAG9>Y DOES NOT EXI/1 & EV5 IF IT DID EXI/ 9 AN IDEAL 
NOVEL :I* W\LD BE PURELY DIS9C>NATE1 IT W\LD HAVE NO >TI/IC SIGNIFICANCE1 9 ?AT ! PRIM>Y 
NECESSITY = A M9D 9 SE>* ( UNITY IS ?AT ! UNITY %\LD BE COMMUNICABLE4 ,FROM ANO!R PO9T ( 
VIEW1 ! UNITY ( PURE REASON+ IS A FALSE UNITY1 = IT IS NOT BAS$ ON REALITY4 ,! S5TIM5TAL LOVE /ORY1 
! HORROR /ORY1 & ! $IFY+ NOVEL DEVIATE FROM >T TO ! GREAT OR SMALL EXT5T ?AT !Y DISOBEY ?IS 
LAW4 ,REAL LIT]>Y CREATION1 ON ! O!R H&1 USES REALITY & ONLY REALITY ) ALL ITS W>M? & ITS 
BLOOD1 ITS PASSION & ITS \TCRIES4 ,IT SIMPLY ADDS SOME?+ ?AT TRANSFIGURES REALITY4 

,LIKEWISE1 :AT IS COMMONLY CALL$ ! REALI/IC NOVEL TRIES TO BE ! REPRODUCTION ( REALITY 9 ITS 
IMM$IATE ASPECTS4 ,TO REPRODUCE ! ELEM5TS ( REALITY )\T MAK+ ANY K9D ( SELECTION W\LD BE1 
IF SU* AN UND]TAK+ C\LD BE IMAG9$1 NO?+ BUT A /]ILE REPETITION ( CREATION4 ,REALISM %\LD ONLY 
BE ! MEANS ( EXPRESSION ( RELIGI\S G5IUS--,SPANI% >T ADMIRABLY ILLU/RATES ?IS CONT5TION--OR1 AT 
! O!R EXTREME1 ! >TI/IC EXPRESSIONS ( MONKEYS1 :I* >E QUITE SATISFI$ ) M]E IMITATION4 ,9 
FACT1 >T IS NEV] REALI/IC ?\< SOMETIMES IT IS TEMPT$ TO BE4 ,TO BE REALLY REALI/IC A DESCRIPTION W\LD 
HAVE TO BE 5DLESS4 ,:]E ,/5DHAL DESCRIBES 9 ONE PHRASE ,LUCI5 ,LEUW5'S 5TRANCE 9TO A ROOM1 ! 
REALI/IC >TI/ \<T1 LOGICALLY1 TO FILL SEV]AL VOLUMES ) DESCRIPTIONS ( *>ACT]S & SETT+S1 /ILL 
)\T SUCCE$+ 9 EXHAU/+ EV]Y DETAIL4 ,REALISM IS 9DEF9ITE 5UM]ATION4 ,BY ?IS IT REVEALS ?AT ITS 
REAL AMBITION IS CONQUE/1 NOT ( ! UNITY1 BUT ( ! TOTALITY ( ! REAL WORLD4 ,N[ WE UND]/& :Y IT 
%\LD BE ! (FICIAL ES!TIC ( A TOTALIT>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( SU* AN ES!TIC HAS 
ALREADY BE5 DEMON/RAT$4 ,REALI/IC NOVELS SELECT !IR MAT]IAL1 DESPITE !MSELVES1 FROM REALITY1 
BECAUSE ! *OICE & ! CONQUE/ ( REALITY >E ABSOLUTE CONDITIONS ( ?\<T & EXPRESSION4.<#h#c.> ,TO 
WRITE IS ALREADY TO *OOSE4 ,!RE IS ?US AN >BITR>Y ASPECT TO REALITY1 JU/ AS !RE IS AN >BITR>Y ASPECT TO 
! IDEAL1 :I* MAKES A REALI/IC NOVEL AN IMPLICIT PROBLEM NOVEL4 ,TO R$UCE ! UNITY ( ! WORLD ( 
FICTION TO ! TOTALITY ( REALITY CAN ONLY BE DONE BY MEANS ( AN A PRIORI JUDGM5T :I* ELIM9ATES =M1 
REALITY1 & EV]Y?+ ?AT CONFLICTS ) DOCTR9E4 ,!RE=E SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/ REALISM IS CONDEMN$ BY 
! V]Y LOGIC ( ITS NIHILISM TO ACCUMULATE ! ADVANTAGES ( ! $IFY+ NOVEL & PROPAG&A LIT]ATURE4 

,:E!R ! EV5T 5SLAVES ! CREATOR OR :E!R ! CREATOR CLAIMS TO D5Y ! EV5T COMPLETELY1 
CREATION IS NEV]!LESS R$UC$ TO ! DEGRAD$ =MS ( NIHILI/ >T4 ,IT IS ! SAME ?+ ) CREATION AS 
) CIVILIZATION3 IT PRESUMES UN9T]RUPT$ T5SION BETWE5 =M & 
MATT]1 BETWE5 EVOLUTION & ! M9D1 & BETWE5 HI/ORY & VALUES4 ,IF ! EQUILIBRIUM IS DE/ROY$1 
! RESULT IS DICTATOR%IP OR AN>*Y1 PROPAG&A OR =MAL 9SANITY4 ,9 EI!R CASE CREATION1 :I* ALWAYS 
CO9CIDES ) RATIONAL FRE$OM1 IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,:E!R IT SUCCUMBS TO ! 9TOXICATION ( AB/RACTION & 
=MAL OBSCURANTISM1 OR :E!R IT FALLS BACK ON ! :IP ( ! CRUDE/ & MO/ +5I\S REALISM1 
MOD]N >T1 9 ITS SEMI-TOTALITY1 IS AN >T ( TYRANTS & SLAVES1 NOT ( CREATORS4 

,A WORK 9 :I* ! CONT5T OV]FL[S ! =M1 OR 9 :I* ! =M DR[NS ! CONT5T1 ONLY BESPEAKS 
AN UNCONV9C$ & UNCONV9C+ UNITY4 ,9 ?IS DOMA91 AS 9 O!RS1 ANY UNITY ?AT IS NOT A UNITY ( /YLE 
IS A MUTILATION4 ,:ATEV] MAY BE ! *OS5 PO9T ( VIEW ( AN >TI/1 ONE PR9CIPLE REMA9S COMMON TO 
ALL CREATORS3 /YLI-ZATION1 :I* SUPPOSES ! SIMULTANE\S EXI/5CE ( REALITY & ( ! M9D ?AT GIVES 
REALITY ITS =M4 ,?R\< /YLE1 ! CREATIVE EF=T RECON/RUCTS ! WORLD1 & ALWAYS ) ! SAME SLI<T 
DI/ORTION ?AT IS ! M>K ( BO? >T & PROTE/4 ,:E!R IT IS ! 5L>GEM5T ( ! MICROSCOPE :I* 
,PR\/ BR+S TO BE> ON HUMAN EXP]I5CE OR1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ABSURD 9SIGNIFICANCE ) :I* ! 
,AM]ICAN NOVEL 5D[S ITS *>ACT]S1 REALITY IS 9 SOME WAY >TIFICIAL4 ,! CREATIVE =CE1 ! FECUNDITY 
( REBELLION1 >E CONTA9$ 9 ?IS DI/ORTION :I* ! /YLE & TONE ( A WORK REPRES5T4 ,>T IS AN 
IMPOSSIBLE DEM& GIV5 EXPRESSION & =M4 ,:5 ! MO/ AGONIZ+ PROTE/ F9DS ITS MO/ RESOLUTE 
=M ( EXPRESSION1 REBELLION SATISFIES ITS REAL ASPIRATIONS & D]IVES CREATIVE 5]GY FROM ?IS FIDELITY TO 
ITSELF4 ,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ?IS RUNS C\NT] TO ! PREJUDICES ( ! TIMES1 ! GREATE/ /YLE 9 >T IS ! 
EXPRESSION ( ! MO/ PASSIONATE REBELLION4 ,JU/ AS G5U9E CLASSICISM IS ONLY ROMANTICISM SUBDU$1 
G5IUS IS A REBELLION ?AT HAS CREAT$ ITS [N LIMITS4 ,?AT IS :Y !RE IS NO G5IUS1 CONTR>Y TO :AT WE 
>E TAU<T TODAY1 9 NEGATION & PURE DESPAIR4 

,?IS MEANS1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ?AT GREAT /YLE IS NOT A M]E =MAL VIRTUE4 ,IT IS A M]E =MAL VIRTUE :5 
IT IS S\<T \T = ITS [N SAKE TO ! DETRIM5T ( REALITY1 BUT !N IT IS NOT GREAT /YLE4 ,IT NO LONG] 
9V5TS1 BUT IMITATES--LIKE ALL ACADEMIC WORKS--:ILE REAL CREATION IS1 9 ITS [N FA%ION1 REVOLUTION>Y4 

,IF /YLIZATION MU/ 
NECESS>ILY BE RA!R EXAGG]AT$1 S9CE IT SUMS UP ! 9T]V5TION ( MAN & ! DESIRE = RECTIFICATION 
:I* ! >TI/ BR+S TO HIS REPRODUCTION ( REALITY1 IT IS NEV]!LESS DESIRABLE ?AT IT %\LD REMA9 
9VISIBLE SO ?AT ! DEM& :I* GIVES BIR? TO >T %\LD BE EXPRESS$ 9 ITS MO/ EXTREME T5SION4 

,GREAT /YLE IS 9VISIBLE /YLIZA-TION1 OR RA!R /YLIZATION 9C>NATE4 0,!RE IS NEV] ANY NE$10 SAYS 
,FLAUB]T1 0TO BE AFRAID ( EXAGG]ATION 9 >T40 ,BUT HE ADDS ?AT ! EXAGG]ATION %\LD BE 0CONT9U\S 
& PROPORTIONATE TO ITSELF40 ,:5 /YLIZATION IS EXAGG]AT$ & OBVI\S1 ! WORK BECOMES NO?+ BUT 
PURE NO/ALGIA2 ! UNITY IT IS TRY+ TO CONQU] HAS NO?+ TO DO ) CONCRETE UNITY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 
:5 REALITY IS DELIV]$ OV] TO UNADORN$ FACT OR TO 9SIGNIFICANT /YLIZATION1 !N ! CONCRETE IS 
PRES5T$ )\T UNITY4 ,GREAT >T1 /YLE1 & ! TRUE ASPECT ( REBELLION LIE SOME:]E BETWE5 !SE TWO H]ESIES4 

,CREATION & ,REVOLUTION 

,9 >T1 REBELLION IS CONSUMMAT$ & P]PETUAT$ 9 ! ACT ( REAL CREATION1 NOT 9 CRITICISM OR 
COMM5T>Y4 ,REVOLUTION1 9 ITS TURN1 CAN ONLY AFFIRM ITSELF 9 A CIVILIZATION & NOT 9 T]ROR OR TYRANNY4 

,! TWO QUE/IONS ?AT >E POS$ BY \R TIMES TO A SOCIETY CAU<T 9 A DILEMMA-- ,IS CREATION POSSIBLE8 ,IS 
! REVOLUTION POSSIBLE8-->E 9 REALITY ONLY ONE QUE/ION1 :I* CONC]NS ! R5AISSANCE ( CIVILIZATION4 

,! REVOLUTION & >T ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY >E TRIBUT>IES ( ! SAME NIHILISM & LIVE 9 ! SAME 
CONTRADICTION4 ,!Y D5Y1 H[EV]1 ALL ?AT !Y AFFIRM EV5 9 !IR V]Y ACTIONS1 & BO? TRY TO F9D AN 
IMPOSSIBLE SOLUTION ?R\< T]ROR4 ,! CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION BELIEVES ?AT IT IS 9AUGURAT+ A NEW 
WORLD :5 IT IS REALLY ONLY ! CONTRADICTORY CLIMAX ( ! OLD ONE4 ,F9ALLY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & 
REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY >E ONE & ! SAME ?+ TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y SUBMIT !MSELVES TO ! SAME 
MEANS--9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION--& TO ! SAME PROMISE4 ,BUT ONE MAKES ITS PROMISE 9 ! NAME ( 
=MAL PR9CIPLES ?AT IT IS QUITE 9CAPABLE ( 9C>NAT+ & ?AT >E D5I$ BY ! ME?ODS IT EMPLOYS4 

,! O!R JU/IFIES 
ITS PROPHECY 9 ! NAME ( ! ONLY REALITY IT RECOGNIZES1 & 5DS BY MUTILAT+ REALITY4 ,! SOCIETY 
BAS$ ON PRODUCTION IS ONLY PRODUCTIVE1 NOT CREATIVE4 

,CONTEMPOR>Y >T1 BECAUSE IT IS NIHILI/IC1 ALSO FL\ND]S BETWE5 =MALISM & REALISM4 ,REALISM1 
MOREOV]1 IS JU/ AS MU* B\RGEOIS1 :5 IT IS 0T\<10 AS SOCIALI/ :5 IT BECOMES $IFY+4 ,=MALISM 
BELONGS JU/ AS MU* TO ! SOCIETY ( ! PA/1 :5 IT TAKES ! =M ( GRATUIT\S AB/RACTION1 AS TO ! 
SOCIETY ?AT CLAIMS TO BE ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE--:5 IT BECOMES PROPAG&A4 ,LANGUAGE DE/ROY$ BY 
IRRATIONAL NEGATION BECOMES LO/ 9 V]BAL DELIRIUM2 SUBJECT TO DET]M9I/ IDEOLOGY1 IT IS SUMM$ UP 9 ! 
SLOGAN4 ,HALFWAY BETWE5 ! TWO LIES >T4 ,IF ! REBEL MU/ SIMULTANE\SLY REJECT ! FR5ZY ( ANNIHILATION 
& ! ACCEPTANCE ( TOTALITY1 ! >TI/ MU/ SIMULTANE\SLY ESCAPE FROM ! PASSION = =MALITY & 
! TOTALIT>IAN ES!TIC ( REALITY4 ,! WORLD TODAY IS ONE1 9 FACT1 BUT ITS UNITY IS ! UNITY ( NIHILISM4 

,CIVILIZATION IS ONLY POSSIBLE IF1 BY R5\NC+ ! NIHILISM ( =MAL PR9CIPLES & NIHILISM )\T 
PR9CIPLES1 ! WORLD R$ISCOV]S ! ROAD TO A CREATIVE SYN!SIS4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 9 >T ! TIME ( 
P]PETUAL COMM5T>Y & FACTUAL REPORT+ IS AT ! PO9T ( DEA?2 IT ANN\NCES ! ADV5T ( CREATIVE 
>TI/S4 

,BUT >T & SOCIETY1 CREATION & REVOLUTION1 TO PREP>E = ?IS EV5T1 MU/ R$ISCOV] ! S\RCE ( 
REBELLION :]E REFUSAL & ACCEPTANCE1 ! UNIQUE & ! UNIV]SAL1 ! 9DIVIDUAL & HI/ORY BALANCE 
EA* O!R 9 A CONDITION ( ACUTE T5SION4 ,REBELLION 9 ITSELF IS NOT AN ELEM5T ( CIVILIZATION4 ,BUT IT IS A 
PRELIM9>Y TO ALL CIVILIZATION4 ,REBELLION ALONE1 9 ! BL9D ALLEY 9 :I* WE LIVE1 ALL[S US TO HOPE = 
! FUTURE ( :I* ,NIETZS*E DREAM$3 0,9/EAD ( ! JUDGE & ! OPPRESSOR1 ! CREATOR40 ,?IS =MULA 
C]TA9LY DOES NOT AU?ORIZE ! RIDICUL\S ILLUSION ( A CIVILIZATION CONTROLL$ BY >TI/S4 ,IT ONLY 
ILLUM9ATES ! DRAMA ( \R TIMES 9 :I* WORK1 5TIRELY SUBORD9AT$ TO PRODUCTION1 HAS CEAS$ TO BE 
CREATIVE4 ,9DU/RIAL SOCIETY WILL OP5 ! WAY TO A NEW CIVILIZATION ONLY BY RE/OR+ TO ! WORK] ! 
DIGNITY ( A CREATOR2 9 O!R WORDS1 BY MAK+ HIM APPLY HIS 9T]E/ & HIS 9TELLIG5CE AS MU* TO ! 
WORK ITSELF AS TO :AT IT PRODUCES4 ,! TYPE ( CIVILIZATION ?AT IS 9EVITABLE WILL NOT BE ABLE 
TO SEP>ATE1 AMONG CLASSES AS WELL AS AMONG 9DIVIDUALS1 ! WORK] FROM ! CREATOR2 ANY MORE ?AN 
>TI/IC CREATION DREAMS ( SEP>AT+ =M & SUB/ANCE1 HI/ORY & ! M9D4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT WILL BE/[ 
ON EV]YONE ! DIGNITY ?AT REBELLION AFFIRMS4 ,IT W\LD BE UNJU/1 & MOREOV] ,UTOPIAN1 = ,%AKESPE>E 
TO DIRECT ! %OEMAK]S' UNION4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE EQUALLY DISA/R\S = ! %OEMAK]S' UNION TO IGNORE 
,%AKESPE>E4 ,%AKESPE>E )\T ! %OEMAK] S]VES AS AN EXCUSE = TYRANNY4 ,! %OEMAK] )\T 
,%AKESPE>E IS ABSORB$ BY TYRANNY :5 HE DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE TO ITS PROPAGATION4 ,EV]Y ACT ( CREATION1 
BY ITS M]E EXI/5CE1 D5IES ! WORLD ( MA/] & SLAVE4 ,! APPALL+ SOCIETY ( TYRANTS & SLAVES 9 
:I* WE SURVIVE WILL F9D ITS DEA? & TRANSFIGURATION ONLY ON ! LEVEL ( CREATION4 

,BUT ! FACT ?AT CREATION IS NECESS>Y DOES NOT P]=CE IMPLY ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE4 ,A CREATIVE P]IOD 9 >T IS 
DET]M9$ BY ! ORD] ( A P>TICUL> /YLE APPLI$ TO ! DISORD] ( A P>TICUL> TIME4 ,IT GIVES =M & 
=MULAS TO CONTEMPOR>Y PASSIONS4 ,?US IT NO LONG] SUFFICES1 = A CREATIVE >TI/1 TO IMITATE ,MME DE ,LA 
,FAYETTE 9 A P]IOD :5 \R MOROSE RUL]S HAVE NO MORE TIME = LOVE4 ,TODAY1 :5 COLLECTIVE PASSIONS 
HAVE /OL5 A M>* ON 9DIVIDUAL PASSIONS1 ! EC/ASY ( LOVE CAN ALWAYS BE CONTROLL$ BY >T4 ,BUT ! 
9ELUCTABLE PROBLEM IS ALSO TO CONTROL COLLECTIVE PASSIONS & ! HI/ORICAL /RUGGLE4 ,! SCOPE ( >T1 
DESPITE ! REGRETS ( ! PLAGI>I/S1 HAS BE5 EXT5D$ FROM PSY*OLOGY TO ! HUMAN CONDITION4 ,:5 
! PASSIONS ( ! TIMES PUT ! FATE ( ! :OLE WORLD AT /AKE1 CREATION WI%ES TO DOM9ATE ! :OLE 
( DE/9Y4 ,BUT1 AT ! SAME TIME1 IT MA9TA9S1 9 ! FACE ( TOTALITY1 ! AFFIRMATION ( UNITY4 ,9 SIMPLE 
WORDS1 CREATION IS !N IMP]IL$1 FIR/ BY ITSELF1 & !N BY ! SPIRIT ( TOTALITY4 ,TO CREATE1 TODAY1 IS TO 
CREATE DANG]\SLY4 

,9 ORD] TO DOM9ATE COLLECTIVE PASSIONS !Y MU/1 9 FACT1 BE LIV$ ?R\< & EXP]I5C$1 AT LEA/ 
RELATIVELY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ?AT HE EXP]I5CES !M1 ! >TI/ IS DEV\R$ BY !M4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT \R 
P]IOD IS RA!R ! P]IOD ( J\RNALISM ?AN ( ! WORK ( >T4 ,! EX]CISE ( !SE PASSIONS1 F9ALLY1 
5TAILS F> GREAT] *ANCES ( DEA? ?AN 9 ! P]IOD ( LOVE & AMBITION1 9 ?AT ! ONLY WAY ( LIV+ 
COLLECTIVE PASSIONS IS TO BE 
WILL+ TO DIE = !M & BY !IR H&4 ,! GREATE/ OPPORTUNITY = AU!NTICITY IS1 TODAY1 ! GREATE/ 
DEFEAT ( >T4 ,IF CREATION IS IMPOSSIBLE DUR+ W>S & REVOLUTIONS1 !N WE %ALL HAVE NO CREATIVE >TI/S1 
= W> & REVOLUTION >E \R LOT4 ,! MY? ( UNLIMIT$ PRODUCTION BR+S W> 9 ITS TRA9 AS 9EVITABLY 
AS CL\DS ANN\NCE A /ORM4 ,W>S LAY WA/E TO ! ,WE/ & KILL ! FL[] ( A G5]ATION4 ,H>DLY HAS IT 
>IS5 FROM ! RU9S :5 ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM SEES ! REVOLUTION>Y SY/EM ADVANC+ UPON IT4 ,G5IUS 
HAS NOT EV5 HAD TIME TO BE REBORN2 ! W> ?AT ?REAT5S US WILL KILL ALL ?OSE :O P]HAPS MI<T HAVE 
BE5 G5IUSES4 ,IF A CREATIVE CLASSICISM IS1 NEV]!LESS1 PROV$ POSSIBLE1 WE MU/ RECOGNIZE ?AT1 EV5 
?\< IT IS R5D]$ ILLU/RI\S BY ONE NAME ALONE1 IT WILL BE ! WORK ( AN 5TIRE G5]ATION4 ,! 
*ANCES ( DEFEAT1 9 ! C5TURY ( DE/RUCTION1 CAN ONLY BE COMP5SAT$ = BY ! HAZ>D ( NUMB]S2 9 
O!R WORDS1 ! *ANCE ?AT ( T5 AU!NTIC >TI/S ONE1 AT LEA/1 WILL SURVIVE1 TAKE *>GE ( ! FIR/ 
UTT]ANCES ( HIS BRO!R >TI/S1 & SUCCE$ 9 F9D+ 9 HIS LIFE BO? ! TIME = PASSION & ! TIME 
= CREATION4 ,! >TI/1 :E!R HE LIKES IT OR NOT1 CAN NO LONG] BE A SOLIT>Y1 EXCEPT 9 ! MELAN*OLY 
TRIUMPH HE [ES TO ALL HIS FELL[ >TI/S4 ,REBELLI\S >T ALSO 5DS BY REVEAL+ ! 0,WE >E10 & ) IT 
! WAY TO A BURN+ HUMILITY4 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! TRIUMPHANT REVOLUTION1 9 ! AB]RATIONS ( ITS NIHILISM1 M5ACES ?OSE :O1 9 DEFIANCE 
( IT1 CLAIM TO MA9TA9 ! EXI/5CE ( UNITY 9 TOTALITY4 ,ONE ( ! IMPLICATIONS ( HI/ORY TODAY1 & /ILL 
MORE ( ! HI/ORY ( TOMORR[1 IS ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! >TI/S & ! NEW CONQU]ORS1 BETWE5 ! 
WITNESSES TO ! CREATIVE REVOLUTION & ! F\ND]S ( ! NIHILI/ REVOLUTION4 ,AS TO ! \TCOME ( ! 
/RUGGLE1 IT IS ONLY POSSIBLE TO MAKE 9SPIR$ GUESSES4 ,AT LEA/ WE KN[ ?AT IT MU/ H5CE=? BE C>RI$ 
ON TO ! BITT] 5D4 ,MOD]N CONQU]ORS CAN KILL1 BUT DO NOT SEEM TO BE ABLE TO CREATE4 ,>TI/S KN[ H[ TO 
CREATE BUT CANNOT REALLY KILL4 ,MURD]]S >E ONLY V]Y EXCEPTIONALLY F\ND AMONG >TI/S4 ,9 ! LONG RUN1 
!RE=E1 >T 9 \R REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETIES MU/ DIE4 ,BUT !N ! REVOLUTION WILL HAVE LIV$ ITS ALLOTT$ 
SPAN4 ,EA* TIME ?AT ! REVOLUTION KILLS 9 A MAN ! >TI/ ?AT HE MI<T HAVE BE51 IT ATT5UATES ITSELF 
A LITTLE MORE4 ,IF1 F9ALLY1 ! CONQU]ORS SUCCE$ 9 MOLD+ ! WORLD ACCORD+ TO !IR LAWS1 IT WILL NOT 
PROVE ?AT QUANTITY IS K+1 BUT ?AT ?IS WORLD IS HELL4 ,9 ?IS HELL1 ! PLACE ( >T WILL CO9CIDE ) ?AT ( 
VANQUI%$ REBELLION1 A BL9D & EMPTY HOPE 9 ! PIT ( DESPAIR4 ,]N/ ,DW+] 9 HIS ,SIB]IAN ,DI>Y 
M5TIONS A ,G]MAN LIEUT5ANT--= YE>S A PRISON] 9 A CAMP :]E COLD & HUNG] W]E ALMO/ 
UNBE>ABLE--:O CON/RUCT$ HIMSELF A SIL5T PIANO ) WOOD5 KEYS4 ,9 ! MO/ ABJECT MIS]Y1 
P]PETUALLY SURR\ND$ BY A RAGG$ MOB1 HE COMPOS$ A /RANGE MUSIC :I* WAS AUDIBLE TO HIM ALONE4 

,& = US :O HAVE BE5 ?R[N 9TO HELL1 MY/]I\S MELODIES & ! TORTUR+ IMAGES ( A VANI%$ 
BEAUTY WILL ALWAYS BR+ US1 9 ! MID/ ( CRIME & FOLLY1 ! E*O ( ?AT H>MONI\S 9SURRECTION 
:I* BE>S WITNESS1 ?R\<\T ! C5TURIES1 TO ! GREATNESS ( HUMANITY4 

,BUT HELL CAN 5DURE = ONLY A LIMIT$ P]IOD1 & LIFE WILL BEG9 AGA9 ONE DAY4 ,HI/ORY MAY P]HAPS HAVE 
AN 5D2 BUT \R TASK IS NOT TO T]M9ATE IT BUT TO CREATE IT1 9 ! IMAGE ( :AT WE H5CE=? KN[ TO BE 
TRUE4 ,>T1 AT LEA/1 TEA*ES US ?AT MAN CANNOT BE EXPLA9$ BY HI/ORY ALONE & ?AT HE ALSO F9DS A REASON 
= HIS EXI/5CE 9 ! ORD] ( NATURE4 ,= HIM1 ! GREAT GOD ,PAN IS NOT DEAD4 ,HIS MO/ 9/9CTIVE ACT ( 
REBELLION1 :ILE IT AFFIRMS ! VALUE & ! DIGNITY COMMON TO ALL M51 OB/9ATELY CLAIMS1 SO AS TO SATISFY 
ITS HUNG] = UNITY1 AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! REALITY :OSE NAME IS BEAUTY4 ,ONE CAN REJECT ALL HI/ORY & YET 
ACCEPT ! WORLD ( ! SEA & ! />S4 ,! REBELS :O WI% TO IGNORE NATURE & BEAUTY >E CONDEMN$ 
TO BANI% FROM HI/ORY EV]Y?+ ) :I* !Y WANT TO CON/RUCT ! DIGNITY ( EXI/5CE & ( LABOR4 

,EV]Y GREAT RE=M] TRIES TO CREATE 9 HI/ORY :AT ,%AKESPE>E1 ,C]VANTES1 ,MOLI]E1 & ,TOL/OY KNEW 
H[ TO CREATE3 A WORLD ALWAYS READY TO SATISFY ! HUNG] = FRE$OM & DIGNITY :I* EV]Y MAN 
C>RIES 9 HIS HE>T4 ,BEAUTY1 NO D\BT1 DOES NOT MAKE REVOLUTIONS4 ,BUT A DAY WILL COME :5 REVOLUTIONS 
WILL HAVE NE$ ( BEAUTY4 ,! PROC$URE ( BEAUTY1 :I* IS TO CONTE/ REALITY :ILE 5D[+ IT ) 
UNITY1 IS ALSO ! PROC$URE ( REBELLION4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ET]NALLY TO REJECT 9JU/ICE )\T CEAS+ TO 
ACCLAIM ! NATURE ( MAN & ! BEAUTY ( ! WORLD8 ,\R ANSW] IS YES4 ,?IS E?IC1 AT ONCE UNSUBMISSIVE & LOYAL1 IS 9 ANY EV5T ! ONLY ONE ?AT LI<TS ! WAY TO A TRULY REALI/IC REVOLUTION4 ,9 UPHOLD+ 
BEAUTY1 WE PREP>E ! WAY = ! DAY ( REG5]ATION :5 CIVILIZATION WILL GIVE FIR/ PLACE--F> AHEAD 
( ! =MAL PR9CIPLES & DEGRAD$ VALUES ( HI/ORY--TO ?IS LIV+ VIRTUE ON :I* IS F\ND$ ! 
COMMON DIGNITY ( MAN & ! WORLD HE LIVES 91 & :I* WE MU/ N[ DEF9E 9 ! FACE ( A WORLD ?AT 9SULTS IT4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#d1 #bba 3 ,P>T #d -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/