,P>T #b 
,METAPHYSICAL ,REBELLION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,CAMUS 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T ,TWO3 ,METAPHYSICAL ,REBELLION 

,METAPHYSICAL REBELLION IS ! MOVEM5T BY :I* MAN PROTE/S AGA9/ HIS CONDITION & AGA9/ ! 
:OLE ( CREATION4 ,IT IS METAPHYSICAL BECAUSE IT CONTE/S ! 5DS ( MAN & ( CREATION4 ,! SLAVE 
PROTE/S AGA9/ ! CONDITION 9 :I* HE F9DS HIMSELF )9 HIS /ATE ( SLAV]Y2 ! METAPHYSICAL REBEL 
PROTE/S AGA9/ ! CONDITION 9 :I* HE F9DS HIMSELF AS A MAN4 ,! REBEL SLAVE AFFIRMS ?AT !RE IS 
SOME?+ 9 HIM ?AT WILL NOT TOL]ATE ! MANN] 9 :I* HIS MA/] TREATS HIM2 ! METAPHYSICAL REBEL 
DECL>ES ?AT HE IS FRU/RAT$ BY ! UNIV]SE4 ,= BO? ( !M1 IT IS NOT ONLY A QUE/ION ( PURE & SIMPLE 
NEGATION4 ,9 BO? CASES1 9 FACT1 WE F9D A VALUE JUDGM5T 9 ! NAME ( :I* ! REBEL REFUSES TO 
APPROVE ! CONDITION 9 :I* HE F9DS HIMSELF4 

,! SLAVE :O OPPOSES HIS MA/] IS NOT CONC]N$1 LET US NOTE1 ) REPUDIAT+ HIS MA/] AS A HUMAN 
BE+4 ,HE REPUDIATES HIM AS A MA/]4 ,HE D5IES ?AT HE HAS ! RI<T TO D5Y HIM1 A SLAVE1 ON GR\NDS ( 
NECESSITY4 ,! MA/] IS DISCR$IT$ TO ! EXACT EXT5T ?AT HE FAILS TO RESPOND TO A DEM& :I* HE 
IGNORES4 ,IF M5 CANNOT REF] TO A COMMON VALUE1 RECOGNIZ$ BY ALL AS EXI/+ 9 EA* ONE1 !N MAN IS 
9COMPREH5SIBLE TO MAN4 ,! REBEL DEM&S ?AT ?IS VALUE %\LD BE CLE>LY RECOGNIZ$ 9 HIMSELF 
BECAUSE HE KN[S OR SUSPECTS ?AT1 )\T ?IS PR9CIPLE1 CRIME & DISORD] W\LD REIGN ?R\<\T ! 
WORLD4 ,AN ACT ( REBELLION ON HIS P>T SEEMS LIKE A DEM& = CL>ITY & UNITY4 ,! MO/ ELEM5T>Y 
=M ( REBELLION1 P>ADOXICALLY1 EXPRESSES AN ASPIRATION TO ORD]4 

,?IS DESCRIPTION CAN BE APPLI$1 WORD = WORD1 TO ! METAPHYSICAL REBEL4 ,HE ATTACKS A %ATT]$ WORLD 9 
ORD] TO DEM& UNITY FROM IT4 ,HE OPPOSES ! PR9CIPLE ( JU/ICE :I* HE F9DS 9 HIMSELF TO ! PR9CIPLE ( 
9JU/ICE :I* HE SEES BE+ APPLI$ 9 ! WORLD4 ,?US ALL HE WANTS1 ORIG9ALLY1 IS TO RESOLVE ?IS CONTRADICTION & 
E/ABLI% ! UNIT>IAN REIGN ( JU/ICE1 IF HE CAN1 OR ( 9JU/ICE1 IF HE IS DRIV5 TO EXTREMES4 ,MEAN:ILE1 HE 
D5\NCES ! CONTRADICTION4 ,METAPHYSICAL REBELLION IS A CLAIM1 MOTIVAT$ BY ! CONCEPT ( A COMPLETE UNITY1 
AGA9/ ! SUFF]+ ( LIFE & DEA? & A PROTE/ AGA9/ ! HUMAN CONDITION BO? = ITS 9COMPLET5ESS1 ?ANKS 
TO DEA?1 & ITS WA/EFULNESS1 ?ANKS TO EVIL4 ,IF A MASS DEA? S5T5CE DEF9ES ! HUMAN CONDITION1 !N REBELLION1 9 
ONE S5SE1 IS ITS CONTEMPOR>Y4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ?AT HE REJECTS HIS MORTALITY1 ! REBEL REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE ! 
P[] ?AT COMPELS HIM TO LIVE 9 ?IS CONDITION4 ,! METAPHYSICAL REBEL IS !RE=E NOT DEF9ITELY AN A!I/1 AS ONE 
MI<T ?9K HIM1 BUT HE IS 9EVITABLY A BLASPHEM]4 ,QUITE SIMPLY1 HE BLASPHEMES PRIM>ILY 9 ! NAME ( ORD]1 
D5\NC+ ,GOD AS ! FA!R ( DEA? & AS ! SUPREME \TRAGE4 

,! REBEL SLAVE WILL HELP US TO ?R[ LI<T ON ?IS PO9T4 ,HE E/ABLI%$1 BY HIS PROTE/1 ! EXI/5CE ( ! MA/] 
AGA9/ :OM HE REBELL$4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME HE DEMON/RAT$ ?AT HIS MA/]'S P[] WAS DEP5D5T ON HIS [N 
SUBORD9ATION & HE AFFIRM$ HIS [N P[]3 ! P[] ( CONT9UALLY QUE/ION+ ! SUP]IORITY ( HIS MA/]4 ,9 
?IS RESPECT MA/] & SLAVE >E REALLY 9 ! SAME BOAT3 ! TEMPOR>Y SWAY ( ! =M] IS AS RELATIVE AS ! 
SUBMISSION ( ! LATT]4 ,! TWO =CES ASS]T !MSELVES ALT]NATELY AT ! MOM5T ( REBELLION UNTIL !Y CONFRONT 
EA* O!R = A FI<T TO ! DEA?1 & ONE OR ! O!R TEMPOR>ILY DISAPPE>S4 

,9 ! SAME WAY1 IF ! METAPHYSICAL REBEL RANGES HIMSELF AGA9/ A P[] :OSE EXI/5CE HE SIMULTANE\SLY 
AFFIRMS1 HE ONLY ADMITS ! EXI/5CE ( ?IS P[] AT ! V]Y 9/ANT ?AT HE CALLS IT 9TO QUE/ION4 ,!N HE 9VOLVES 
?IS SUP]IOR BE+ 9 ! SAME HUMILIAT+ ADV5TURE AS MANK9D'S1 ITS 9EFFECTUAL P[] BE+ ! EQUIVAL5T ( \R 
9EFFECTUAL CONDITION4 ,HE SUBJECTS IT TO \R P[] ( REFUSAL1 B5DS IT TO ! UNB5D+ P>T ( HUMAN NATURE1 =CIBLY 
9TEGRATES IT 9TO AN EXI/5CE ?AT WE R5D] ABSURD1 & F9ALLY DRAGS IT FROM ITS REFUGE \TSIDE TIME 
& 9VOLVES IT 9 HI/ORY1 V]Y F> FROM ! ET]NAL /ABILITY ?AT IT CAN F9D ONLY 9 ! UNANIM\S 
SUBMISSION ( ALL M54 ,?US REBELLION AFFIRMS ?AT1 ON ITS [N LEVEL1 ANY CONCEPT ( SUP]IOR EXI/5CE IS 
CONTRADICTORY1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 

,& SO ! HI/ORY ( METAPHYSICAL REBELLION CANNOT BE CONFUS$ ) ?AT ( A!ISM4 ,FROM A C]TA9 
PO9T ( VIEW IT IS EV5 CONFUS$ ) ! CONTEMPOR>Y HI/ORY ( RELIGI\S S5TIM5T4 ,! REBEL DEFIES 
MORE ?AN HE D5IES4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 AT LEA/1 HE DOES NOT SUPPRESS ,GOD2 HE M]ELY TALKS TO ,HIM AS AN EQUAL4 

,BUT IT IS NOT A POLITE DIALOGUE4 ,IT IS A POLEMIC ANIMAT$ BY ! DESIRE TO CONQU]4 ,! SLAVE BEG9S BY 
DEM&+ JU/ICE & 5DS BY WANT+ TO WE> A CR[N4 ,HE MU/ DOM9ATE 9 HIS TURN4 ,HIS 9SURRECTION 
AGA9/ HIS CONDITION BECOMES AN UNLIMIT$ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! HEAV5S = ! PURPOSE ( BR++ 
BACK A CAPTIVE K+ :O WILL FIR/ BE DE?RON$ & F9ALLY CONDEMN$ TO DEA?4 ,HUMAN REBELLION 5DS 9 
METAPHYSICAL REVOLUTION4 ,IT PROGRESSES FROM APPE>ANCES TO ACTS1 FROM ! D&Y TO ! REVOLUTION>Y4 

,:5 ! ?RONE ( ,GOD IS OV]TURN$1 ! REBEL REALIZES ?AT IT IS N[ HIS [N RESPONSIBILITY TO CREATE ! 
JU/ICE1 ORD]1 & UNITY ?AT HE S\<T 9 VA9 )9 HIS [N CONDITION1 & 9 ?IS WAY TO JU/IFY ! FALL 
( ,GOD4 ,!N BEG9S ! DESP]ATE EF=T TO CREATE1 AT ! PRICE ( CRIME & MURD] IF NECESS>Y1 ! 
DOM9ION ( MAN4 ,?IS WILL NOT COME AB\T )\T T]RIBLE CONSEQU5CES1 ( :I* WE >E SO F> ONLY 
AW>E ( A FEW4 ,BUT !SE CONSEQU5CES >E 9 NO WAY DUE TO REBELLION ITSELF1 OR AT LEA/ !Y ONLY OCCUR TO 
! EXT5T ?AT ! REBEL =GETS HIS ORIG9AL PURPOSE1 TIRES ( ! TREM5D\S T5SION CREAT$ BY REFUS+ TO 
GIVE A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ANSW]1 & F9ALLY AB&ONS HIMSELF TO COMPLETE NEGATION OR TOTAL SUBMISSION4 
,METAPHYSICAL 9SURRECTION1 9 ITS FIR/ /AGES1 (F]S US ! SAME POSITIVE CONT5T AS ! SLAVE'S REBELLION4 

,\R TASK WILL BE TO EXAM9E :AT BECOMES ( ?IS POSITIVE CONT5T ( REBELLION 9 ! ACTIONS ?AT CLAIM TO 
ORIG9ATE FROM IT & TO EXPLA9 :]E ! FIDELITY OR 9FIDELITY ( ! REBEL TO ! ORIG9S ( HIS REVOLT 
F9ALLY LEADS HIM4 

,! ,SONS ( ,CA9 

,METAPHYSICAL REBELLION1 9 ! REAL S5SE ( ! T]M1 DOES NOT APPE>1 9 COH]5T 
=M1 9 ! HI/ORY ( IDEAS UNTIL ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY--:5 MOD]N TIMES BEG9 TO ! 
ACCOMPANIM5T ( ! CRA% ( FALL+ RAMP>TS4 ,BUT FROM !N ON1 ITS CONSEQU5CES DEVELOP 
UN9T]RUPT$LY & IT IS NO EXAGG]ATION TO SAY ?AT !Y HAVE %AP$ ! HI/ORY ( \R TIMES4 ,DOES ?IS 
MEAN ?AT METAPHYSICAL REBELLION HAD NO SIGNI#fCANCE PREVI\S TO ?IS DATE8 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ITS ORIG9S MU/ 
BELONG TO ! REMOTE PA/1 9 ?AT WE LIKE TO BELIEVE ?AT WE LIVE 9 ,PROME!AN TIMES4 ,BUT IS ?IS REALLY A 
,PROME!AN AGE8 

,! FIR/ MY?OLOGIES DESCRIBE ,PROME!US AS AN ET]NAL M>TYR1 *A9$ TO A PILL>1 AT ! 5DS ( ! 
E>?1 CONDEMN$ =EV] BECAUSE HE REFUSES TO ASK =GIV5ESS4 ,A,ES*YLUS ADDS /ILL FUR!R TO HIS 
/ATURE1 5D[S HIM ) LUCIDITY 70NO MIS=TUNE CAN FALL UPON ME ?AT ,I HAVE NOT MYSELF ALREADY 
=ESE5071 MAKES HIM CRY \T HIS HATR$ ( ALL ! GODS1 &1 PLUNG+ HIM 9TO 0A /ORMY SEA ( MORTAL 
DESPAIR10 F9ALLY AB&ONS HIM TO ?UND] & LI<TN+3 0,AH6 SEE ! 9JU/ICE ,I 5DURE60 

,IT CANNOT BE SAID1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! ANCI5TS W]E UNAW>E ( METAPHYSICAL REBELLION4 ,LONG BE=E ,SATAN1 
!Y CREAT$ A T\*+ & NOBLE IMAGE ( ! ,REBEL & GAVE US ! MO/ P]FECT MY? ( ! 
9TELLIG5CE 9 REVOLT4 ,! 9EXHAU/IBLE G5IUS ( ! ,GREEKS1 :I* GAVE SU* A PROM95T PLACE TO 
MY?S ( UNITY & SIMPLICITY1 WAS /ILL ABLE TO =MULATE ! CONCEPT ( 9SURRECTION4 ,BEYOND A D\BT1 
C]TA9 *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! ,PROME!AN MY? /ILL SURVIVE 9 ! HI/ORY ( REBELLION AS WE >E LIV+ IT3 
! FI<T AGA9/ DEA? 70,I HAVE DELIV]$ M5 FROM BE+ OBSESS$ BY DEA?071 ,MESSIANISM 70,I HAVE 
9/ILL$ BL9D 
HOPES 9TO M5'S M9DS071 PHILAN?ROPY 70,5EMY ( ,ZEUS 444 = HAV+ LOV$ MANK9D TOO MU*074 

,BUT WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT ,PROME!US ! ,FIRE-BR+]1 ! LA/ DRAMA ( ,AES*YLUS' TRILOGY1 
PROCLAIM$ ! REIGN ( ! P>DON$ REBEL4 ,! ,GREEKS >E NEV] V9DICTIVE4 ,9 !IR MO/ AUDACI\S 
FLI<TS !Y ALWAYS REMA9 FAI?FUL TO ! IDEA ( MOD]ATION1 A CONCEPT !Y DEIFI$4 ,!IR REBEL DOES NOT 
RANGE HIMSELF AGA9/ ALL CREATION1 BUT AGA9/ ,ZEUS1 :O IS NEV] ANY?+ MORE ?AN ONE GOD AMONG 
MANY & :O HIMSELF WAS MORTAL4 ,PROME!US HIMSELF IS A DEMIGOD4 ,IT IS A QUE/ION ( SETTL+ A 
P>TICUL> ACC\NT1 ( A DISPUTE AB\T :AT IS GOOD1 & NOT ( A UNIV]SAL /RUGGLE BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL4 

,! ANCI5TS1 EV5 ?\< !Y BELIEV$ 9 DE/9Y1 BELIEV$ PRIM>ILY 9 NATURE1 9 :I* !Y 
P>TICIPAT$ :OLEHE>T$LY4 ,TO REBEL AGA9/ NATURE AM\NT$ TO REBELL+ AGA9/ ONESELF4 ,IT WAS BUTT+ 
ONE'S HEAD AGA9/ A WALL4 ,!RE=E ! ONLY COH]5T ACT ( REBELLION WAS TO COMMIT SUICIDE4 ,DE/9Y1 = 
! ,GREEKS1 WAS A BL9D =CE TO :I* ONE SUBMITT$1 JU/ AS ONE SUBMITT$ TO ! =CES ( NATURE4 ,! 
ACME ( EXCESS TO ! ,GREEK M9D WAS TO BEAT ! SEA ) RODS--AN ACT ( 9SANITY WOR?Y ONLY ( 
B>B>IANS4 ,( C\RSE1 ! ,GREEKS DESCRIB$ EXCESS1 S9CE IT EXI/S1 BUT !Y GAVE IT ITS PROP] PLACE &1 BY 
DO+ SO1 ALSO DEF9$ ITS LIMITS4 ,A*ILLES' DEFIANCE AFT] ! DEA? ( ,PATROCLUS1 ! IMPRECATIONS ( ! 
,GREEK TRAGIC H]OES CURS+ !IR FATE1 DO NOT IMPLY COMPLETE CONDEMNATION4 ,O$IPUS KN[S ?AT HE IS NOT 
9NOC5T4 ,HE IS GUILTY 9 SPITE ( HIMSELF2 HE IS ALSO P>T ( DE/9Y4 ,HE COMPLA9S1 BUT HE SAYS NO?+ 
IRREP>ABLE4 ,ANTIGONE REBELS1 BUT %E DOES SO 9 ! NAME ( TRADITION1 9 ORD] ?AT H] BRO!RS MAY F9D 
RE/ 9 ! TOMB & ?AT ! APPROPRIATE RITES MAY BE OBS]V$4 ,9 H] CASE1 REBELLION IS1 9 ONE S5SE1 
REACTION>Y4 ,! ,GREEK M9D HAS TWO ASPECTS & 9 ITS M$ITATIONS ALMO/ ALWAYS REE*OES1 AS 
C\NT]PO9T TO ITS MO/ TRAGIC MELODIES1 ! ET]NAL WORDS ( ,O$IPUS1 :O1 BL9D & DESP]ATE1 
RECOGNIZES ?AT ALL IS = ! BE/4 ,AFFIRMATION C\NT]BALANCES NEGATION4 ,EV5 :5 ,PLATO ANTICIPATES1 
) ,CALLICLES1 ! MO/ COMMON TYPE ( ,NIETZS*EAN1 EV5 :5 ! LATT] EXCLAIMS3 0,BUT :5 A MAN 
APPE>S :O HAS ! NECESS>Y *>ACT] 4 4 4 HE WILL ESCAPE1 HE WILL TRAMPLE ON \R =MULAS1 \R MAGIC 
SPELLS1 \R 9CANTATIONS1 & ! LAWS1 :I* >E ALL1 )\T EXCEPTION1 CONTR>Y TO NATURE4 ,\R SLAVE HAS 
REBELL$ & HAS %[N HIMSELF TO BE ! MA/]0--EV5 !N1 ?\< HE REJECTS LAW1 HE SPEAKS 9 ! 
NAME ( NATURE4 

,METAPHYSICAL REBELLION PRESUPPOSES A SIMPLIFI$ VIEW ( CREATION--:I* WAS 9CONCEIVABLE TO ! 
,GREEKS4 ,9 !IR M9DS1 !RE W]E NOT GODS ON ONE SIDE & M5 ON ! O!R1 BUT A S]IES ( /AGES 
LEAD+ FROM ONE TO ! O!R4 ,! IDEA ( 9NOC5CE OPPOS$ TO GUILT1 ! CONCEPT ( ALL ( HI/ORY 
SUMM$ UP 9 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL1 WAS =EIGN TO !M4 ,9 !IR UNIV]SE !RE W]E MORE 
MI/AKES ?AN CRIMES1 & ! ONLY DEF9ITIVE CRIME WAS EXCESS4 ,9 A WORLD 5TIRELY DOM9AT$ BY HI/ORY1 
:I* \RS ?REAT5S TO BECOME1 !RE >E NO LONG] ANY MI/AKES1 BUT ONLY CRIMES1 ( :I* ! GREATE/ 
IS MOD]ATION4 ,?IS EXPLA9S ! CURI\S MIXTURE ( F]OCITY & =BE>ANCE :I* WE F9D 9 ,GREEK 
MY?OLOGY4 ,! ,GREEKS NEV] MADE ! HUMAN M9D 9TO AN >M$ CAMP1 & 9 ?IS RESPECT WE >E 
9F]IOR TO !M4 ,REBELLION1 AFT] ALL1 CAN ONLY BE IMAG9$ 9 T]MS ( OPPOSITION TO SOMEONE4 ,! ONLY 
?+ ?AT GIVES MEAN+ TO HUMAN PROTE/ IS ! IDEA ( A P]SONAL GOD :O HAS CREAT$1 & IS !RE=E 
RESPONSIBLE =1 EV]Y?+4 ,& SO WE CAN SAY1 )\T BE+ P>ADOXICAL1 ?AT 9 ! ,WE/]N ,WORLD ! 
HI/ORY ( REBELLION IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! HI/ORY ( ,*RI/IANITY4 ,WE HAVE TO WAIT1 9 FACT1 UNTIL ! V]Y 
LA/ MOM5TS ( ,GREEK ?\<T TO SEE REBELLION BEG9 TO F9D EXPRESSION AMONG TRANSITIONAL ?9K]S-- 
NO:]E MORE PR(\NDLY ?AN 9 ! WORKS ( ,EPICURUS & ,LUCRETIUS4 

,! APPALL+ SADNESS ( ,EPICURUS ALREADY /RIKES A NEW NOTE4 ,IT HAS ITS ROOTS1 NO D\BT1 9 ! FE> ( 
DEA?1 ) :I* ! ,GREEK M9D WAS NOT UNFAMILI>4 ,BUT ! PA?OS ) :I* ?IS FE> IS EXPRESS$ IS 
V]Y REVEAL+4 0,WE CAN TAKE PRECAUTIONS AGA9/ ALL SORTS ( ?+S2 BUT SO F> AS DEA? IS CONC]N$1 WE 
ALL ( US LIVE LIKE ! 9HABITANTS ( A DEF5SELESS CITADEL40 ,LUCRETIUS IS MORE EXPLICIT3 0,! SUB/ANCE ( 
?IS VA/ WORLD IS CONDEMN$ TO DEA? & RU940 ,!RE=E :Y PO/PONE 5JOYM5T8 0,WE SP5D \R 
LIVES10 WRITES ,EPICURUS1 09 WAIT+1 & WE >E ALL CONDEMN$ TO DIE40 ,!RE=E WE MU/ ALL 5JOY 
\RSELVES4 ,BUT :AT A /RANGE =M ( 5JOYM5T6 ,IT CONSI/S 9 SEAL+ UP ! WALLS ( ! CITADEL1 ( 
MAK+ SURE ( A 
SUPPLY ( BREAD & WAT] & ( LIV+ 9 D>KNESS & SIL5CE4 ,DEA? HOV]S OV] US1 !RE=E WE MU/ PROVE ?AT 
DEA? IS ( NO IMPORTANCE4 ,LIKE ,EPICTETUS & ,M>CUS ,AURELIUS1 ,EPICURUS BANI%ES DEA? FROM HUMAN EXI/5CE4 

0,DEA? HAS NO MEAN+ = US1 = :AT IS 9DEF9ABLE IS 9CAPABLE ( FEEL+1 & :AT IS 9CAPABLE ( FEEL+ HAS NO 
MEAN+ = US40 ,IS ?IS ! EQUIVAL5T ( NO?+NESS8 ,NO1 = EV]Y?+ 9 ?IS P>TICUL> UNIV]SE IS MATT]1 & 
DEA? ONLY MEANS A RETURN TO ONE'S ELEM5T4 ,EXI/5CE IS EPITOMIZ$ 9 A /ONE4 ,! /RANGE S5SUAL PLEASURE ( 
:I* ,EPICURUS SPEAKS CONSI/S1 ABOVE ALL1 9 AN ABS5CE ( PA92 IT IS ! PLEASURE ( A /ONE4 ,BY AN ADMIRABLE 
MANEUV]--:I* WE %ALL F9D AGA9 9 ! GREAT ,FR5* CLASSICI/S--,EPICURUS1 9 ORD] TO ESCAPE FROM DE/9Y1 
DE/ROYS S5SIBILITY1 HAV+ FIR/ DE/ROY$ ITS PRIM>Y MANIFE/ATION3 HOPE4 ,:AT ?IS ,GREEK PHILOSOPH] SAYS AB\T 
! GODS CANNOT BE 9T]PRET$ O!RWISE4 ,ALL ! UNHAP-P9ESS ( HUMAN BE+S SPR+S FROM ! HOPE ?AT TEMPTS 
!M FROM ! SIL5CE ( ! CITADEL & EXPOSES !M ON ! RAMP>TS 9 EXPECTATION ( SALVATION4 ,UNREASONABLE 
ASPIRATIONS HAVE NO O!R EFFECT ?AN TO REOP5 C>EFULLY B&AG$ W\NDS4 ,?AT IS :Y ,EPICURUS DOES NOT D5Y ! 
GODS2 HE BANI%ES !M1 & SO PRECIPITATELY ?AT MAN HAS NO ALT]NATIVE BUT TO RETREAT ONCE MORE 9TO ! CITADEL4 
0,! HAPPY & IMMORTAL BE+ HAS NO PREOCCUPATIONS ( HIS [N & NO CONC]N ) ! AFFAIRS ( O!RS40 

,LUCRETIUS GOES EV5 F>!R3 0,IT IS 9CONTE/ABLE ?AT ! GODS1 BY !IR V]Y NATURE1 5JOY !IR IMMORTALITY 9 P]FECT 
PEACE1 COMPLETELY UNAW>E ( \R AFFAIRS1 FROM :I* !Y >E UTT]LY DETA*$40 ,!RE=E LET US =GET ! GODS1 LET 
US NEV] EV5 ?9K AB\T !M1 & 0NEI!R Y\R ?\<TS DUR+ ! DAY NOR Y\R DREAMS AT NI<T WILL EV] BE 
TR\BL$40 

,LAT] WE %ALL R$ISCOV] ?IS ET]NAL !ME ( REBELLION1 BUT ) IMPORTANT MODIFICATIONS4 ,A GOD :O DOES NOT 
REW>D OR PUNI%1 A GOD :O TURNS A DEAF E>1 IS ! REBEL'S ONLY RELIGI\S CONCEPTION4 ,BUT :ILE ,VIGNY WILL CURSE ! 
SIL5CE ( HIS DIV9ITY1 ,EPICURUS CONSID]S ?AT1 AS DEA? IS 9EVITABLE1 SIL5CE ON ! P>T ( MAN IS A BETT] 
PREP>ATION = ?IS FATE ?AN DIV9E WORDS4 ,?IS /RANGE M9D WE>S ITSELF \T 9 A SU/A9$ ATTEMPT TO BUILD 
RAMP>TS >\ND MANK9D1 TO =TIFY ! CITADEL & 
TO /IFLE ! IRREPRESSIBLE CRY ( HUMAN HOPE4 ,ONLY :5 ?IS /RATEGIC RETREAT HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ DOES ,EPICURUS1 
LIKE A GOD AMONG M51 CELEBRATE HIS VICTORY ) A SONG ?AT CLE>LY D5OTES ! DEF5SIVE ASPECT ( HIS REBELLION4 0,I 
HAVE ESCAP$ Y\R AMBU%1 ,O DE/9Y1 ,I HAVE CLOS$ ALL PA?S BY :I* Y\ MI<T ASSAIL ME4 ,WE %ALL NOT BE 
CONQU]$ EI!R BY Y\ OR BY ANY O!R EVIL P[]4 ,& :5 ! 9EVITABLE H\R ( DEP>TURE /RIKES1 \R SCORN = 
?OSE :O VA9LY CL+ TO EXI/5CE WILL BUR/ =? 9 ?IS PR\D SONG3 ',AH1 ) :AT DIGNITY WE HAVE LIV$4' 0 

,ALONE AMONG HIS CONTEMPOR>IES ,LUCRETIUS C>RIES ?IS LOGIC MU* F>!R & F9ALLY BR+S IT TO ! C5TRAL PROBLEM 
( MOD]N PHILOSOPHY4 ,HE ADDS NO?+ FUNDAM5TAL TO ,EPICURUS4 ,HE1 TOO1 REFUSES TO ACCEPT ANY EXPLANATORY 
PR9CIPLE ?AT CANNOT BE TE/$ BY ! S5SES4 ,! ATOM IS ONLY A LA/ REFUGE :]E MAN1 R$UC$ TO HIS PRIM>Y 
ELEM5TS1 PURSUES A K9D ( BL9D & DEAF IMMORTALITY--AN IMMORTAL DEA?--:I* = ,LUCRETIUS REPRES5TS1 AS IT 
DOES = ,EPICURUS1 ! ONLY POSSIBLE =M ( HAPP9ESS4 ,HE HAS TO ADMIT1 H[EV]1 ?AT ATOMS DO NOT AGGREGATE ( 
!IR [N ACCORD1 & RA!R ?AN BELIEVE 9 A SUP]IOR LAW &1 F9ALLY1 9 ! DE/9Y HE WI%ES TO D5Y1 HE ACCEPTS 
! CONCEPT ( A PURELY =TUIT\S MUTATION1 ! CL9AM51 9 :I* ! ATOMS MEET & GR\P !MSELVES TOGE!R4 

,ALREADY1 AS WE CAN SEE1 ! GREAT PROBLEM ( MOD]N TIMES >ISES3 ! DISCOV]Y ?AT TO RESCUE MAN FROM DE/9Y IS TO 
DELIV] HIM TO *ANCE4 ,?AT IS :Y ! CONTEMPOR>Y M9D IS TRY+ SO DESP]ATELY H>D TO RE/ORE DE/9Y TO MAN--A 
HI/ORICAL DE/9Y ?IS TIME4 ,LUCRETIUS HAS NOT REA*$ ?IS PO9T4 ,HIS HATR$ ( DE/9Y & DEA? IS ASSUAG$ BY ?IS 
BL9D UNIV]SE :]E ATOMS ACCID5TALLY =M HUMAN BE+S & :]E HUMAN BE+S ACCID5TALLY RETURN TO ATOMS4 

,BUT HIS VOCABUL>Y BE>S WITNESS TO A NEW K9D ( S5SIBILITY4 ,! WALL$ CITADEL BECOMES AN >M$ CAMP4 ,MA5IA 
MUNDI1 ! RAMP>TS ( ! WORLD1 IS ONE ( ! KEY EXPRESSIONS ( ,LUCRETIUS' RHETORIC4 ,! MA9 PREOCCUPATION 9 ?IS 
>M$ CAMP IS1 ( C\RSE1 TO SIL5CE HOPE4 ,BUT ,EPICURUS' ME?ODICAL R5UNCIATION IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A QUIV]+ 
ASCETICISM1 :I* IS SOMETIMES CR[N$ ) EXECRATIONS4 ,PIETY1 = ,LUCRETIUS1 UND\BT$LY CONSI/S 9 0BE+ ABLE 
TO CONTEMPLATE EV]Y?+ ) AN UNTR\BL$ M9D40 ,BUT1 NEV]!LESS1 HIS M9D REELS AT ! 9JU/ICES DONE TO MAN4 ,SPURR$ ON BY 9DIGNATION1 HE WEAVES NEW CONCEPTS 
( CRIME1 9NOC5CE1 CULPABILITY1 & PUNI%M5T 9TO HIS GREAT POEM ON ! NATURE ( ?+S4 ,9 IT HE 
SPEAKS ( 0RELIGION'S FIR/ CRIME10 ,IPHIG5IA'S M>TYR$ 9NOC5CE1 & ( ! T5D5CY ( ! DIV9ITY TO 
0(T5 IGNORE ! GUILTY & TO METE \T UNDES]V$ PUNI%M5T BY SLAU<T]+ ! 9NOC5T40 ,IF 
,LUCRETIUS SC(FS AT ! FE> ( PUNI%M5T 9 ! NEXT WORLD1 IT IS NOT AS A GE/URE ( DEF5SIVE REBELLION 9 
! MANN] ( ,EPICURUS1 BUT AS A PROCESS ( AGGRESSIVE REASON+3 :Y %\LD EVIL BE PUNI%$ :5 WE 
CAN EASILY SEE1 H]E ON E>?1 ?AT GOODNESS IS NOT REW>D$8 

,9 ,LUCRETIUS' EPIC POEM1 ,EPICURUS HIMSELF BECOMES ! PR\D REBEL HE NEV] ACTUALLY WAS4 0,:5 9 ! 
EYES ( ALL MANK9D HUMANITY WAS LEAD+ AN ABJECT EXI/5CE ON E>?1 CRU%$ B5EA? ! WEI<T ( A 
RELIGION :OSE HIDE\S ASPECT PE]$ D[N FROM ! HEI<TS ( ! CELE/IAL REGIONS1 ! FIR/ TO D>E1 A 
,GREEK1 A MAN1 RAIS$ HIS MORTAL EYES & *ALL5G$ ! GODS4 

,9 ?IS WAY RELIGION1 9 ITS TURN1 WAS 
OV]?R[N & TRAMPL$ UND]FOOT1 & ?IS VICTORY ELEVATES US TO ! HEAV5S40 ,H]E WE CAN S5SE ! 
DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ?IS NEW TYPE ( BLASPHEMY & ! ANCI5T MAL$ICTION4 ,! ,GREEK H]OES C\LD 
ASPIRE TO BECOME GODS1 BUT SIMULTANE\SLY ) ! GODS :O ALREADY EXI/$4 ,AT ?AT TIME IT WAS SIMPLY A 
MATT] ( PROMOTION4 ,LUCRETIUS' H]O1 ON ! O!R H&1 EMB>KS ON A REVOLUTION4 ,BY REPUDIAT+ ! 
UNWOR?Y & CRIM9AL GODS1 HE TAKES !IR PLACE HIMSELF4 ,HE SALLIES =? FROM ! >M$ CAMP & OP5S 
! FIR/ ATTACK ON DIV9ITY 9 ! NAME ( HUMAN SUFF]+4 ,9 ! ANCI5T WORLD1 MURD] IS BO? 
9EXPLICABLE & 9EXPIABLE4 ,ALREADY ) ,LUCRETIUS1 MURD] BY MAN IS ONLY AN ANSW] TO MURD] BY ! 
GODS4 ,IT IS NOT PURE CO9CID5CE ?AT ,LUCRETIUS' POEM 5DS ) A PRODIGI\S IMAGE ( ! SANCTU>IES ( 
! GODS SWOLL5 ) ! ACCUS+ CORPSES ( PLAGUE VICTIMS4 

,?IS NEW LANGUAGE IS 9COMPREH5SIBLE )\T ! CONCEPT ( A P]SONAL GOD1 :I* IS SL[LY BEG9N+ 
TO =M 9 ! M9DS ( ,LUCRETIUS' & ,EPICURUS' CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,ONLY A P]SONAL GOD CAN BE ASK$ BY ! 
REBEL = 
A P]SONAL ACC\NT+4 ,:5 ! P]SONAL GOD BEG9S HIS REIGN1 REBELLION ASSUMES ITS MO/ RESOLUTELY 
F]OCI\S ASPECT & PRON\NCES A DEF9ITIVE NO4 ,) ,CA91 ! FIR/ ACT ( REBELLION CO9CIDES ) ! 
FIR/ CRIME4 ,! HI/ORY ( REBELLION1 AS WE >E EXP]I5C+ IT TODAY1 HAS F> MORE TO DO ) ! *ILDR5 
( ,CA9 ?AN ) ! DISCIPLES ( ,PROME!US4 ,9 ?IS S5SE IT IS ! ,GOD ( ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T :O IS 
PRIM>ILY RESPONSIBLE = MOBILIZ+ ! =CES ( REBELLION4 ,9V]SELY1 ONE MU/ SUBMIT TO ! ,GOD ( 
,ABRAHAM1 ,ISAAC1 & ,JACOB :51 LIKE ,PASCAL1 ONE HAS RUN ! FULL C\RSE ( 9TELLECTUAL REBELLION4 ,! 
M9D MO/ PRONE TO D\BT ALWAYS ASPIRES TO ! GREATE/ DEGREE ( ,JANS5ISM4 

,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 ! ,NEW ,TE/AM5T CAN BE CONSID]$ AS AN ATTEMPT TO ANSW]1 9 ADVANCE1 EV]Y 
,CA9 9 ! WORLD1 BY PA9T+ ! FIGURE ( ,GOD 9 S(T] COLORS & BY CREAT+ AN 9T]CESSOR BETWE5 
,GOD & MAN4 ,*RI/ CAME TO SOLVE TWO MAJOR PROBLEMS1 EVIL & DEA?1 :I* >E PRECISELY ! PROBLEMS 
?AT PREOCCUPY ! REBEL4 ,HIS SOLUTION CONSI/$1 FIR/1 9 EXP]I5C+ !M4 ,! MAN-GOD SUFF]S1 TOO-- 
) PATI5CE4 ,EVIL & DEA? CAN NO LONG] BE 5TIRELY IMPUT$ TO ,HIM S9CE ,HE SUFF]S & DIES4 ,! 
NI<T ON ,GOLGO?A IS SO IMPORTANT 9 ! HI/ORY ( MAN ONLY BECAUSE1 9 ITS %AD[1 ! DIV9ITY 
AB&ON$ ITS TRADITIONAL PRIVILEGES & DRANK TO ! LA/ DROP1 DESPAIR 9CLUD$1 ! AGONY ( DEA?4 ,?IS 
IS ! EXPLANATION ( ! ,LAMA SABACTANI & ! HE>TR5D+ D\BT ( ,*RI/ 9 AGONY4 ,! AGONY W\LD 
HAVE BE5 MILD IF IT HAD BE5 ALLEVIAT$ BY HOPES ( ET]NITY4 ,= ,GOD TO BE A MAN1 HE MU/ DESPAIR4 
,<O/ICISM1 :I* IS ! FRUIT ( ,GRECO-,*RI/IAN COLLABORATION1 HAS TRI$ = TWO C5TURIES1 9 REACTION 
AGA9/ ,JUDAIC ?\<T1 TO PROMOTE ?IS CONCEPT4 ,WE KN[1 = EXAMPLE1 ! VA/ NUMB] ( 9T]CESSORS 
9V5T$ BY ,VAL5T9US4 ,BUT ! EONS ( ?IS P>TICUL> METAPHYSICAL SKIRMI% >E ! EQUIVAL5T ( ! 
9T]M$I>Y TRU?S TO BE F\ND 9 ,HELL5ISM4 ,!IR AIM IS TO DIM9I% ! ABSURDITY ( AN 9TIMATE 
RELATION%IP BETWE5 SUFF]+ HUMANITY & AN IMPLACABLE GOD4 ,?IS IS ! SPECIAL ROLE ( ,M>CION'S CRUEL 
& BELLICOSE SECOND GOD4 ,?IS DEMIURGE IS RESPONSIBLE = ! CREATION ( A F9ITE WORLD & ( DEA?4 ,\R 
DUTY IS TO HATE HIM & AT ! SAME TIME TO 
D5Y EV]Y?+ ?AT HE HAS CREAT$1 BY MEANS ( ASCETICISM1 TO ! PO9T ( DE/ROY+1 BY SEXUAL 
AB/95CE1 ALL CREATION4 ,?IS =M ( ASCETICISM IS !RE=E BO? PR\D & REBELLI\S4 ,M>CION SIMPLY 
ALT]S ! C\RSE ( REBELLION & DIRECTS IT T[>D AN 9F]IOR GOD SO AS TO BE BETT] ABLE TO EXALT ! 
SUP]IOR GOD4 ,GNOSIS1 [+ TO ITS ,GREEK ORIG9S1 REMA9S CONCILIATORY & T5DS TO DE/ROY ! ,JUDAIC 
H]ITAGE 9 ,*RI/IANITY4 ,IT ALSO WANT$ TO AVOID ,AUGU/9ISM1 BY ANTICIPAT+ IT1 9 ?AT ,AUGU/9ISM 
PROVIDES >GUM5TS = EV]Y =M ( REBELLION4 ,TO ,BASILI-DES1 = EXAMPLE1 ! M>TYRS W]E S9N]S1 & 
SO WAS ,*RI/1 BECAUSE !Y SUFF]$4 ,A /RANGE CONCEPTION1 BUT :OSE AIM IS TO REMOVE ! ELEM5T ( 
9JU/ICE FROM SUFF]+4 ,! ,GNO/ICS ONLY WANT$ TO SUB/ITUTE ! ,GREEK IDEA ( 9ITIATION1 :I* ALL[S 
MANK9D EV]Y POSSIBLE *ANCE1 = ! CONCEPT ( AN ALL-P[]FUL & >BITR>Y =GIV5ESS4 ,! 
5ORM\S NUMB] ( SECTS AMONG ! SECOND-G5]ATION ,GNO/ICS 9DICATES H[ DESP]ATE & DIV]SIFI$ 
WAS ! ATTEMPT ON ! P>T ( ,GREEK ?\<T TO MAKE ! ,*RI/IAN UNIV]SE MORE ACCESSIBLE & TO 
REMOVE ! MOTIVES = A REBELLION ?AT ,HELL5ISM CONSID]$ ! WOR/ ( ALL EVILS4 ,BUT ! ,*UR* 
CONDEMN$ ?IS ATTEMPT &1 BY CONDEMN+ IT1 SWELL$ ! RANKS ( ! REBELS4 

,9 ?AT ! *ILDR5 ( ,CA9 HAVE TRIUMPH$1 9CREAS+LY1 ?R\<\T ! C5TURIES1 ! ,GOD ( ! ,OLD 
,TE/AM5T CAN BE SAID TO HAVE BE5 9CR$IBLY SUCCESSFUL4 ,P>ADOXICALLY1 ! BLASPHEM]S HAVE 9JECT$ 
NEW LIFE 9TO ! JEAL\S ,GOD :OM ,*RI/IANITY WI%$ TO BANI% FROM HI/ORY4 ,ONE ( !IR MO/ 
PR(\NDLY AUDACI\S ACTS WAS TO RECRUIT ,*RI/ 9TO !IR CAMP BY MAK+ ,HIS /ORY 5D ON ! ,CROSS & 
ON ! BITT] NOTE ( ! CRY ?AT PREC$ES ,HIS AGONY4 ,BY ?IS MEANS IT WAS POSSIBLE TO PRES]VE ! 
IMPLACABLE FACE ( A ,GOD ( HATE--:I* CO9CID$ F> BETT] ) CREATION AS ! REBELS CONCEIV$ IT4 

,UNTIL ,DO/OIEVSKY & ,NIETZS*E1 REBELLION IS DIRECT$ ONLY AGA9/ A CRUEL & CAPRICI\S DIV9ITY--A 
DIV9ITY :O PREF]S1 )\T ANY CONV9C+ MOTIVE1 ,ABEL'S SACRIFICE TO ,CA9'S &1 BY SO DO+1 PROVOKES 
! FIR/ MURD]4 ,DO/OIEVSKY1 9 ! REALM ( IMAG9ATION1 & ,NIETZS*E1 9 ! REALM ( FACT1 
5ORM\SLY 9CREASE ! FIELD ( REBELLI\S ?\<T & DEM& AN ACC\NT+ FROM ! 
,GOD ( LOVE ,HIMSELF4 ,NIETZS*E BELIEVES ?AT ,GOD IS DEAD 9 ! S\LS ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,!RE=E HE 
ATTACKS1 LIKE HIS PR$ECESSOR ,/IRN]1 ! ILLUSION ( ,GOD ?AT L+]S1 UND] ! GUISE ( MORALITY1 9 ! 
?\<T ( HIS TIMES4 ,BUT UNTIL !Y APPE> UPON ! SC5E1 ! FREE?9K]S1 = EXAMPLE1 W]E CONT5T TO 
D5Y ! TRU? ( ! HI/ORY ( ,*RI/ 70?AT DULL /ORY10 9 ,SADE'S WORDS7 & TO MA9TA91 BY !IR D5IALS1 
! TRADITION ( AN AV5G+ GOD4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 = AS LONG AS ! ,WE/]N ,WORLD HAS BE5 ,*RI/IAN1 ! ,GOSPELS HAVE BE5 ! 
9T]PRET] BETWE5 HEAV5 & E>?4 ,EA* TIME A SOLIT>Y CRY ( REBELLION WAS UTT]$1 ! ANSW] CAME 
9 ! =M ( AN EV5 MORE T]RIBLE SUFF]+4 ,9 ?AT ,*RI/ HAD SUFF]$1 & HAD SUFF]$ VOLUNT>ILY1 
SUFF]+ WAS NO LONG] UNJU/ & ALL PA9 WAS NECESS>Y4 ,9 ONE S5SE1 ,*RI/IANITY'S BITT] 9TUITION & 
LEGITIMATE PESSIMISM CONC]N+ HUMAN BEHAVIOR IS BAS$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT OV]-ALL 9JU/ICE IS AS 
SATISFY+ TO MAN AS TOTAL JU/ICE4 ,ONLY ! SACRIFICE ( AN 9NOC5T GOD C\LD JU/IFY ! 5DLESS & 
UNIV]SAL TORTURE ( 9NOC5CE4 ,ONLY ! MO/ ABJECT SUFF]+ BY ,GOD C\LD ASSUAGE MAN'S AGONY4 ,IF 
EV]Y?+1 )\T EXCEPTION1 9 HEAV5 & E>? IS DOOM$ TO PA9 & SUFF]+1 !N A /RANGE =M ( 
HAPP9ESS IS POSSIBLE4 

,BUT FROM ! MOM5T :5 ,*RI/IANITY1 EM]G+ FROM ITS P]IOD ( TRIUMPH1 F\ND ITSELF SUBMITT$ TO 
! CRITICAL EYE ( REASON--TO ! PO9T :]E ! DIV9ITY ( ,*RI/ WAS D5I$--SUFF]+ ONCE MORE 
BECAME ! LOT ( MAN4 ,JESUS PR(AN$ IS NO MORE ?AN JU/ ONE MORE 9NOC5T MAN :OM ! 
REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,GOD ( ,ABRAHAM TORTUR$ 9 A SPECTACUL> MANN]4 ,! ABYSS ?AT SEP>ATES ! 
MA/] FROM ! SLAVES OP5S AGA9 & ! CRY ( REVOLT FALLS ON ! DEAF E>S ( A JEAL\S ,GOD4 ,! 
FREE?9K]S HAVE PREP>$ ! WAY = ?IS NEW DI*OTOMY BY ATTACK+1 ) ALL ! USUAL PRECAUTIONS1 
! MORALITY & DIV9ITY ( ,*RI/4 ,CALLOT'S UNIV]SE SUMS UP QUITE SATISFACTORILY ?IS WORLD ( 
HALLUC9ATION & WRET*$NESS :OSE 9HABITANTS BEG9 BY SNIGG]+ UP !IR SLEEVES & 5D--) 
,MOLI]E'S ,DON ,JUAN--BY LAU<+ TO HI< HEAV54 ,DUR+ ! TWO C5TURIES :I* PREP>E ! WAY = ! 
UPHEAVALS1 BO? REVOLUTION>Y & SACRILEGI\S1 ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ALL ! EF=TS ( ! FREE?9K]S 
>E B5T ON MAK+ ,*RI/ AN 9NOC5T1 OR A SIMPLETON1 SO AS TO ANNEX ,HIM TO ! WORLD ( MAN1 5D[$ 
) ALL ! NOBLE OR D]ISORY QUALITIES ( MAN4 ,?US ! GR\ND WILL BE PREP>$ = ! GREAT (F5SIVE 
AGA9/ A HO/ILE HEAV54 

,ABSOLUTE ,NEGATION 

,HI/ORICALLY SPEAK+1 ! FIR/ COH]5T (F5SIVE IS ?AT ( ,SADE1 :O MU/]S 9TO ONE VA/ W> MA*9E ! 
>GUM5TS ( ! FREE?9K]S UP TO ,FA!R ,MESLI] & ,VOLTAIRE4 ,HIS NEGATION IS ALSO1 ( C\RSE1 ! MO/ EXTREME4 

,FROM REBELLION ,SADE CAN ONLY D$UCE AN ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE4 ,TW5TY-SEV5 YE>S 9 PRISON DO NOT1 9 FACT1 PRODUCE A 
V]Y CONCILIATORY =M ( 9TELLIG5CE4 ,SU* A LONG P]IOD ( CONF9EM5T PRODUCES EI!R WEAKL+S OR KILL]S & 
SOMETIMES A COMB9ATION ( BO?4 ,IF ! M9D IS /RONG 5\< TO CON/RUCT 9 A PRISON CELL A MORAL PHILOSOPHY ?AT 
IS NOT ONE ( SUBMISSION1 IT WILL G5]ALLY BE ONE ( DOM9ATION4 ,EV]Y E?IC BAS$ ON SOLITUDE IMPLIES ! EX]CISE 
( P[]4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT ,SADE IS ! >*ETYPE1 = 9 SO F> AS SOCIETY TREAT$ HIM ATROCI\SLY1 HE RESPOND$ 9 AN 
ATROCI\S MANN]4 ,! WRIT]1 DESPITE A FEW HAPPY PHRASES & ! ?\<TLESS PRAISES ( \R CONTEMPOR>IES1 IS 
SECOND>Y4 ,HE IS ADMIR$ TODAY1 ) SO MU* +5UITY1 = REASONS :I* HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) LIT]ATURE4 

,HE IS EXALT$ AS ! PHILOSOPH] 9 *A9S & ! FIR/ !ORETICIAN ( ABSOLUTE REBELLION4 ,HE MI<T WELL HAVE BE54 

,9 PRISON1 DREAMS HAVE NO LIMITS & REALITY IS NO CURB4 ,9TELLIG5CE 9 *A9S LOSES 9 LUCIDITY :AT IT GA9S 9 
9T5SITY4 ,! ONLY LOGIC KN[N TO ,SADE WAS ! LOGIC ( HIS FEEL+S4 ,HE DID NOT CREATE A PHILOSOPHY1 BUT PURSU$ A 
MON/R\S DREAM ( REV5GE4 ,ONLY ! DREAM TURN$ \T TO BE PROPHETIC4 ,HIS DESP]ATE DEM& = FRE$OM L$ ,SADE 
9TO ! K+DOM ( S]VITUDE2 HIS 9ORD9ATE ?IR/ = A =M ( LIFE HE C\LD NEV] ATTA9 WAS ASSUAG$ 9 ! 
SUCCESSIVE FR5ZIES ( A DREAM ( UNIV]SAL 
DE/RUCTION4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 AT LEA/1 ,SADE IS \R CONTEMPOR>Y4 ,LET US FOLL[ HIS SUCCESSIVE NEGATIONS4 

,A ,MAN ( ,LETT]S 

,IS ,SADE AN A!I/8 ,HE SAYS SO1 & WE BELIEVE HIM1 BE=E GO+ TO PRISON1 9 HIS ,DIALOGUE BETWE5 A ,PRIE/ & A 
,DY+ ,MAN2 & FROM !N ON WE >E DUMBF\ND$ BY HIS PASSION = SACRILEGE4 ,ONE ( HIS CRUELE/ *>ACT]S1 
,SA9T-,FOND1 DOES NOT 9 ANY S5SE D5Y ,GOD4 ,HE IS CONT5T TO DEVELOP A GNO/IC !ORY ( A WICK$ DEMIURGE & TO 
DRAW ! PROP] CONCLUSIONS FROM IT4 ,SA9T-,FOND1 IT IS SAID1 IS NOT ,SADE4 ,NO1 ( C\RSE NOT4 ,A *>ACT] IS NEV] ! 
AU?OR :O CREAT$ HIM4 ,IT IS QUITE LIKELY1 H[EV]1 ?AT AN AU?OR MAY BE ALL HIS *>ACT]S SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,N[1 ALL 
,SADE'S A!I/S SUPPOSE1 9 PR9CIPLE1 ! NONEXI/5CE ( ,GOD = ! OBVI\S REASON ?AT ,HIS EXI/5CE W\LD IMPLY 
?AT ,HE WAS 9DIFF]5T1 WICK$1 OR CRUEL4 ,SADE'S GREATE/ WORK 5DS ) A DEMON/RATION ( ! /UPIDITY & SPITE 
( ! DIV9ITY4 ,! 9NOC5T ,JU/9E RUNS ?R\< ! /ORM & ! WICK$ ,NOIRCEUIL SWE>S ?AT HE WILL BE 
CONV]T$ IF DIV9E RETRIBUTION CONS5TS TO SP>E H] LIFE4 ,JU/9E IS /RUCK BY LI<TN+1 ,NOIRCEUIL TRIUMPHS1 & 
HUMAN CRIME CONT9UES TO BE MAN'S ANSW] TO DIV9E CRIME4 ,?US !RE IS A FREE?9K] WAG] ?AT IS ! ANSW] TO 
! ,PASCALIAN WAG]4 

,! IDEA ( ,GOD :I* ,SADE CONCEIVES = HIMSELF IS1 !RE=E1 ( A CRIM9AL DIV9ITY :O OPPRESSES & D5IES 
MANK9D4 ,?AT MURD] IS AN ATTRIBUTE ( ! DIV9ITY IS QUITE EVID5T1 ACCORD+ TO ,SADE1 FROM ! HI/ORY ( RELIGIONS4 

,:Y1 !N1 %\LD MAN BE VIRTU\S8 ,SADE'S FIR/ /EP AS A PRISON] IS TO JUMP TO ! MO/ EXTREME CONCLUSIONS4 ,IF ,GOD 
KILLS & REPUDIATES MANK9D1 !RE IS NO?+ TO /OP ONE FROM KILL+ & REPUDIAT+ ONE'S FELL[ M54 ,?IS 
IRRITABLE *ALL5GE 9 NO WAY RESEMBLES ! TRANQUIL NEGATION ?AT IS /ILL TO BE F\ND 9 ! ,DIALOGUE ( #a#g#h#b4 ,! 
MAN :O EXCLAIMS3 0,I HAVE NO?+1 ,I GIVE NO?+10 & :O CONCLUDES3 0,VIRTUE & VICE >E 9DI/+UI%ABLE 9 
! TOMB10 IS NEI!R HAPPY NOR TRANQUIL4 ,! CONCEPT ( ,GOD IS ! ONLY ?+1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 0:I* HE CANNOT 
=GIVE MAN40 ,! WORD =GIVE IS 
ALREADY RA!R /RANGE 9 ! M\? ( ?IS EXP]T 9 TORTURE4 ,BUT IT IS HIMSELF :OM HE CANNOT =GIVE = AN IDEA ?AT 
HIS DESP]ATE VIEW ( ! WORLD1 & HIS CONDITION AS A PRISON]1 COMPLETELY REFUTE4 ,A D\BLE REBELLION-- AGA9/ ! 
ORD] ( ! UNIV]SE & AGA9/ HIMSELF--IS H5CE=? GO+ TO BE ! GUID+ PR9CIPLE ( ,SADE'S REASON+4 ,9 
?AT !SE TWO =MS ( REBELLION >E CONTRADICTORY EXCEPT 9 ! DI/URB$ M9D ( A VICTIM ( P]SECUTION1 HIS 
REASON+ IS ALWAYS EI!R AMBIGU\S OR LEGITIMATE ACCORD+ TO :E!R IT IS CONSID]$ 9 ! LI<T ( LOGIC OR 9 AN 
ATTEMPT AT COMPASSION4 

,HE !RE=E D5IES MAN & HIS MORALITY BECAUSE ,GOD D5IES !M4 ,BUT HE D5IES ,GOD EV5 ?\< ,HE HAS S]V$ 
AS HIS ACCOMPLICE & GU>ANTOR UP TO N[4 ,= :AT REASON8 ,BECAUSE ( ! /RONGE/ 9/9CT TO BE F\ND 9 ONE 
:O IS CONDEMN$ BY ! HATR$ ( MANK9D TO LIVE BEH9D PRISON WALLS3 ! SEXUAL 9/9CT4 ,:AT IS ?IS 9/9CT8 ,ON 
! ONE H&1 IT IS ! ULTIMATE EXPRESSION ( NATURE1.<#d.> &1 ON ! O!R1 ! BL9D =CE ?AT DEM&S ! TOTAL 
SUBJECTION ( HUMAN BE+S1 EV5 AT ! PRICE ( !IR DE/RUCTION4 ,SADE D5IES ,GOD 9 ! NAME ( NATURE--! 
IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS ( HIS TIME PRES5T$ IT 9 ME*ANI/IC =M--& HE MAKES NATURE A P[] B5T ON DE/RUCTION4 

,= HIM1 NATURE IS SEX2 HIS LOGIC LEADS HIM TO A LAWLESS UNIV]SE :]E ! ONLY MA/] IS ! 9ORD9ATE 5]GY ( 
DESIRE4 ,?IS IS HIS DELIRI\S K+DOM1 9 :I* HE F9DS HIS F9E/ MEANS ( EXPRESSION3 0,:AT >E ALL ! CREATURES ( 
! E>? 9 COMP>ISON ) A S+LE ONE ( \R DESIRES60 ,! LONG >GUM5TS BY :I* ,SADE'S H]OES DEMON/RATE 
?AT NATURE HAS NE$ ( CRIME1 ?AT IT MU/ DE/ROY 9 ORD] TO CREATE1 & ?AT WE HELP NATURE CREATE FROM ! MOM5T 
WE DE/ROY IT \RSELVES1 >E ONLY AIM$ AT E/ABLI%+ ABSOLUTE FRE$OM = ! PRISON]1 ,SADE1 :O IS TOO UNJU/LY 
PUNI%$ NOT TO LONG = ! EXPLOSION ?AT WILL BL[ EV]Y?+ TO PIECES4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT HE GOES AGA9/ HIS TIMES3 
! FRE$OM HE DEM&S IS NOT ONE ( PR9CIPLES1 BUT ( 9/9CTS4 

,SADE DREAM$1 NO D\BT1 ( A UNIV]SAL REPUBLIC1 :OSE S*EME HE REVEALS ?R\< HIS WISE RE=M]1 ,ZAME4 ,HE 
%[S US1 BY ?IS MEANS1 ?AT ONE ( ! PURPOSES ( REBELLION IS TO LIB]ATE ! :OLE WORLD1 9 ?AT1 AS ! 
MOVEM5T ACCEL]ATES1 REBELLION IS LESS & LESS WILL+ TO ACCEPT LIMITATIONS4 ,BUT EV]Y?+ AB\T HIM 
CONTRADICTS ?IS PI\S DREAM4 ,HE IS NO FRI5D ( HUMANITY1 HE HATES PHILAN?ROPI/S4 ,! EQUALITY ( :I* 
HE SOMETIMES SPEAKS IS A MA!MATICAL CONCEPT3 ! EQUIVAL5CE ( ! OBJECTS ?AT COMPRISE ! HUMAN 
RACE1 ! ABJECT EQUALITY ( ! VICTIMS4 ,REAL FULFILLM5T1 = ! MAN :O ALL[S ABSOLUTELY FREE RE9 TO HIS 
DESIRES & :O MU/ DOM9ATE EV]Y?+1 LIES 9 HATR$4 ,SADE'S REPUBLIC IS NOT F\ND$ ON LIB]TY BUT ON 
LIB]T9ISM4 0,JU/ICE10 ?IS PECULI> DEMOCRAT WRITES1 0HAS NO REAL EXI/5CE4 ,IT IS ! DIV9ITY ( ALL ! 
PASSIONS40 

,NO?+ IS MORE REVEAL+ 9 ?IS RESPECT ?AN ! FAM\S LAMPOON1 READ BY ,DOLMANCE 9 ! ,PHILOSOPHIE 
DU ,B\DOIR1 :I* HAS ! CURI\S TITLE3 ,PEOPLE ( ,FRANCE1 ONE MORE EF=T IF Y\ WANT TO BE REPUBLICANS4 

,PI]RE ,KLOSS[SKI.<#e.> IS RI<T 9 ATTA*+ SO MU* IMPORTANCE TO IT1 = ?IS LAMPOON DEMON/RATES TO ! 
REVOLUTION>IES ?AT !IR REPUBLIC IS F\ND$ ON ! MURD] ( ! ,K+ --:O WAS ,K+ BY DIV9E 
RI<T--& ?AT BY GUILLOT9+ ,GOD ON ,JANU>Y #b#a1 #agic !Y DEPRIV$ !MSELVES =EV] ( ! RI<T TO 
\TLAW CRIME OR TO C5SURE MALEVOL5T 9/9CTS4 ,! MON>*Y SUPPORT$ ! CONCEPT ( A ,GOD :O1 9 
CONJUNCTION ) ITSELF1 CREAT$ ALL LAWS4 ,AS = ! ,REPUBLIC1 IT /&S ALONE1 & MORALITY WAS SUPPOS$ 
TO EXI/ )\T B5EFIT ( ! ,COMM&M5TS4 ,IT IS D\BTFUL1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,SADE1 AS ,KLOSS[SKI 
MA9TA9S1 HAD A PR(\ND S5SE ( SACRILEGE & ?AT AN ALMO/ RELIGI\S HORROR L$ HIM TO ! CONCLUSIONS 
?AT HE EXPRESSES4 ,IT IS MU* MORE LIKELY ?AT HE CAME TO !SE CONCLUSIONS FIR/ & AFT]W>DS P]CEIV$ 
! CORRECT >GUM5TS TO JU/IFY ! ABSOLUTE MORAL LIC5SE ?AT HE WANT$ ! GOV]NM5T ( HIS TIME TO 
SANCTION4 ,LOGIC F\ND$ ON PASSIONS REV]SES ! TRADITIONAL SEQU5CE ( REASON+ & PLACES ! 
CONCLUSIONS BE=E ! PREMISES4 ,TO BE CONV9C$ ( ?IS WE ONLY HAVE TO APPRAISE ! ADMIRABLE 
SEQU5CE ( SOPHISMS BY :I* ,SADE1 9 ?IS PASSAGE1 JU/IFIES CALUMNY1 !FT1 & MURD] & DEM&S 
?AT !Y BE TOL]AT$ UND] ! NEW DISP5SATION4 

,IT IS !N1 H[EV]1 ?AT HIS ?\<TS >E MO/ PR(\ND4 ,HE REJECTS1 ) EXCEPTIONAL P]SPICACITY = HIS TIMES1 ! 
PRESUMPTU\S ALLIANCE ( FRE$OM ) VIRTUE4 ,FRE$OM1 P>TICUL>LY :5 IT IS A PRISON]'S DREAM1 CANNOT 5DURE 
LIMITATIONS4 ,IT MU/ SANCTION CRIME OR IT IS NO LONG] FRE$OM4 ,ON ?IS ESS5TIAL PO9T ,SADE NEV] V>IES4 ,?IS MAN 
:O NEV] PREA*$ ANY?+ BUT CONTRADICTIONS ONLY A*IEVES COH]5CE--& ( A MO/ COMPLETE K9D-- :5 HE 
TALKS ( CAPITAL PUNI%M5T4 ,AN ADDICT ( REF9$ WAYS ( EXECUTION1 A !ORETICIAN ( SEXUAL CRIME1 HE WAS NEV] 
ABLE TO TOL]ATE LEGAL CRIME4 0,MY IMPRISONM5T BY ! ,/ATE1 ) ! GUILLOT9E UND] MY V]Y EYES1 WAS F> MORE 
HORRIBLE TO ME ?AN ALL ! ,BA/ILLES IMAG9ABLE40 ,FROM ?IS FEEL+ ( HORROR HE DREW ! /R5G? TO BE MOD]ATE1 
PUBLICLY1 DUR+ ! ,T]ROR1 & TO 9T]V5E G5]\SLY ON BEHALF ( HIS MO!R-9-LAW1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT %E HAD 
HAD HIM IMPRISON$4 ,A FEW YE>S LAT] ,NODI] SUMM$ UP1 P]HAPS )\T KN[+ IT1 ! POSITION OB/9ATELY 
DEF5D$ BY ,SADE3 0,TO KILL A MAN 9 A P>OXYSM ( PASSION IS UND]/&ABLE4 ,TO HAVE HIM KILL$ BY SOMEONE ELSE 
AFT] CALM & S]I\S M$ITATION & ON ! PRETEXT ( DUTY HONORABLY DIS*>G$ IS 9COMPREH5SIBLE40 ,H]E WE 
F9D ! G]M ( AN IDEA :I* AGA9 WILL BE DEVELOP$ BY ,SADE3 HE :O KILLS MU/ PAY ) HIS [N LIFE4 ,SADE IS 
MORE MORAL1 WE SEE1 ?AN \R CONTEMPOR>IES4 

,BUT HIS HATR$ = ! DEA? P5ALTY IS AT FIR/ NO MORE ?AN A HATR$ = M5 :O >E SUFFICI5TLY CONV9C$ ( !IR 
[N VIRTUE TO D>E TO 9FLICT CAPITAL PUNI%M5T1 :5 !Y !MSELVES >E CRIM9ALS4 ,Y\ CANNOT SIMULTANE\SLY 
*OOSE CRIME = Y\RSELF & PUNI%M5T = O!RS4 ,Y\ MU/ OP5 ! PRISON GATES OR GIVE AN IMPOSSIBLE PRO( ( 
Y\R [N 9NOC5CE4 ,FROM ! MOM5T Y\ ACCEPT MURD]1 EV5 IF ONLY ONCE1 Y\ MU/ ALL[ IT UNIV]SALLY4 ,! 
CRIM9AL :O ACTS ACCORD+ TO NATURE CANNOT1 )\T BETRAY+ HIS (FICE1 RANGE HIMSELF ON ! SIDE ( ! LAW4 

0,ONE MORE EF=T IF Y\ WANT TO BE REPUBLICANS0 MEANS3 0,ACCEPT ! FRE$OM ( CRIME1 ! ONLY REASONABLE ATTITUDE1 
& 5T] =EV] 9TO A /ATE ( 9SURRECTION AS Y\ 5T] 9TO A /ATE ( GRACE40 ,?US TOTAL SUBMISSION TO EVIL LEADS TO 
AN APPALL+ P5IT5CE1 :I* CANNOT FAIL TO HORRIFY ! ,REPUBLIC ( 5LI<T5M5T & 
( NATURAL GOODNESS4 ,BY A SIGNIFICANT CO9CID5CE1 ! MANUSCRIPT ( ,ONE ,HUNDR$ & ,TW5TY ,DAYS ( 
,SODOM WAS BURN$ DUR+ ! FIR/ RIOT ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 :I* C\LD H>DLY FAIL TO D5\NCE ,SADE'S 
H]ETICAL !ORIES ( FRE$OM & TO ?R[ SO COMPROMIS+ A SUPPORT] 9TO PRISON ONCE MORE4 ,BY SO 
DO+1 IT GAVE HIM ! REGRETTABLE OPPORTUNITY ( DEVELOP+ HIS REBELLI\S LOGIC /ILL FUR!R4 ,! UNIV]SAL 
REPUBLIC C\LD BE A DREAM = ,SADE1 BUT NEV] A TEMPTATION4 ,9 POLITICS HIS REAL POSITION IS CYNICISM4 ,9 HIS 
,SOCIETY ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,CRIME HE DECL>ES HIMSELF O/5SIBLY 9 FAVOR ( ! GOV]NM5T & ITS LAWS1 
:I* HE MEAN:ILE HAS EV]Y 9T5TION ( VIOLAT+4 ,IT IS ! SAME IMPULSE ?AT MAKES ! L[E/ =M ( 
CRIM9AL VOTE = CONS]VATIVE C&IDATES4 ,! PLAN ?AT ,SADE HAD 9 M9D ASSURES ! B5EVOL5T 
NEUTRALITY ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! REPUBLIC ( CRIME CANNOT1 = ! MOM5T AT LEA/1 BE UNIV]SAL4 ,IT MU/ 
PRET5D TO OBEY ! LAW4 ,9 A WORLD ?AT KN[S NO O!R RULE ?AN MURD]1 B5EA? A CRIM9AL HEAV51 & 
9 ! NAME ( A CRIM9AL NATURE1 H[EV]1 ,SADE1 9 REALITY1 OBEYS NO O!R LAW ?AN ?AT ( 9EXHAU/IBLE 
DESIRE4 ,BUT TO DESIRE )\T LIMIT IS ! EQUIVAL5T ( BE+ DESIR$ )\T LIMIT4 ,LIC5SE TO DE/ROY 
SUPPOSES ?AT Y\ Y\RSELF CAN BE DE/ROY$4 ,!RE=E Y\ MU/ /RUGGLE & DOM9ATE4 ,! LAW ( ?IS 
WORLD IS NO?+ BUT ! LAW ( =CE2 ITS DRIV+ =CE1 ! WILL TO P[]4 

,! ADVOCATE ( CRIME REALLY ONLY RESPECTS TWO K9DS ( P[]3 ONE1 :I* HE F9DS AMONG HIS [N CLASS1 
F\ND$ ON ! ACCID5T ( BIR?1 & ! O!R BY :I*1 ?R\< %E] VILLA9Y1 AN UND]DOG RAISES 
HIMSELF TO ! LEVEL ( ! LIB]T9ES ( NOBLE BIR? :OM ,SADE MAKES HIS H]OES4 ,?IS P[]FUL LITTLE 
GR\P ( 9ITIATES KN[S ?AT IT HAS ALL ! RI<TS4 ,ANYONE :O D\BTS1 EV5 = A SECOND1 !SE =MIDABLE 
PRIVILEGES IS IMM$IATELY DRIV5 FROM ! FLOCK1 & ONCE MORE BECOMES A VICTIM4 ,?US A SORT ( 
>I/OCRATIC MORALITY IS CREAT$ ?R\< :I* A LITTLE GR\P ( M5 & WOM5 MANAGE TO 5TR5* 
!MSELVES ABOVE A CA/E ( SLAVES BECAUSE !Y POSSESS ! SECRET ( A /RANGE KN[L$GE4 ,! ONLY 
PROBLEM = !M CONSI/S 9 ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES SO AS TO BE ABLE TO EX]CISE FULLY !IR RI<TS :I* 
HAVE ! T]RIFY+ SCOPE ( DESIRE4 

,!Y CANNOT HOPE TO DOM9ATE ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE 
UNTIL ! LAW ( CRIME HAS BE5 ACCEPT$ BY ! UNIV]SE4 ,SADE NEV] BELIEV$ ?AT HIS FELL[ C\NTRYM5 
W\LD BE CAPABLE ( ! ADDITIONAL EF=T NE$$ TO MAKE IT 0REPUBLICAN40 ,BUT IF CRIME & DESIRE >E NOT 
! LAW ( ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE1 IF !Y DO NOT REIGN AT LEA/ OV] A SPECIFI$ T]RITORY1 !Y >E NO LONG] 
UNIFY+ PR9CIPLES1 BUT F]M5TS ( CONFLICT4 ,!Y >E NO LONG] ! LAW1 & MAN RETURNS TO *AOS & 
CONFUSION4 ,?US IT IS NECESS>Y TO CREATE FROM ALL !SE FRAGM5TS A WORLD ?AT EXACTLY CO9CIDES ) ! 
NEW LAW4 ,! NE$ = UNITY1 :I* ,CREATION LEAVES UNSATISFI$1 IS FULFILL$1 AT ALL CO/S1 9 A MICROCOSM4 
,! LAW ( P[] NEV] HAS ! PATI5CE TO AWAIT COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! WORLD4 ,IT MU/ FIX ! 
B\ND>IES1 )\T DELAY1 ( ! T]RITORY :]E IT HOLDS SWAY1 EV5 IF IT MEANS SURR\ND+ IT ) 
B>B$ WIRE & OBS]VATION T[]S4 

,= ,SADE1 ! LAW ( P[] IMPLIES B>R$ GATES1 CA/LES ) SEV5 CIRCUMVALLATIONS FROM :I* IT IS 
IMPOSSIBLE TO ESCAPE1 & :]E A SOCIETY F\ND$ ON DESIRE & CRIME FUNCTIONS UNIMP$$1 ACCORD+ TO 
! RULES ( AN IMPLACABLE SY/EM4 ,! MO/ UNBRIDL$ REBELLION1 9SI/5CE ON COMPLETE FRE$OM1 LEAD TO 
! TOTAL SUBJECTION ( ! MAJORITY4 ,= ,SADE1 MAN'S EMANCIPATION IS CONSUMMAT$ 9 !SE /RON<OLDS ( 
DEBAU*]Y :]E A K9D ( BUREAUCRACY ( VICE RULES OV] ! LIFE & DEA? ( ! M5 & WOM5 :O 
HAVE COMMITT$ !MSELVES =EV] TO ! HELL ( !IR DESIRES4 ,HIS WORKS AB\ND ) DESCRIPTIONS ( 
!SE PRIVILEG$ PLACES :]E FEUDAL LIB]T9ES1 TO DEMON/RATE TO !IR ASSEMBL$ VICTIMS !IR ABSOLUTE 
IMPOT5CE & S]VITUDE1 ALWAYS REPEAT ! ,DUC DE ,BLANGIS'S SPEE* TO ! COMMON PEOPLE ( ! ,ONE 
,HUNDR$ & ,TW5TY ,DAYS ( ,SODOM3 0,Y\ >E ALREADY DEAD TO ! WORLD40 

,SADE HIMSELF ALSO 9HABIT$ ! T[] ( ,FRE$OM1 BUT 9 ! ,BA/ILLE4 ,ABSOLUTE REBELLION TOOK REFUGE ) 
HIM 9 A SORDID =TRESS FROM :I* NO ONE1 EI!R P]SECUT$ OR P]SECUTORS1 C\LD EV] ESCAPE4 ,TO 
E/ABLI% HIS FRE$OM1 HE HAD TO CREATE ABSOLUTE NECESSITY4 ,UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM ( DESIRE IMPLIES ! 
NEGATION ( O!RS & ! SUPPRESSION ( PITY4 ,! HE>T1 ?AT 0WEAK SPOT ( ! 9TELLECT10 MU/ BE 
EXT]M9AT$2 ! LOCK$ ROOM & ! SY/EM WILL SEE TO ?AT4 ,! SY/EM1 :I* PLAYS A ROLE ( CAPITAL 
IMPORTANCE 9 ,SADE'S FABUL\S CA/LES1 P]PETUATES A UNIV]SE 
( MI/RU/4 ,IT HELPS TO ANTICIPATE EV]Y?+ SO ?AT NO UNEXPECT$ T5D]NESS OR PITY OCCUR TO UPSET ! PLANS = 
COMPLETE 5JOYM5T4 ,IT IS A CURI\S K9D ( PLEASURE1 NO D\BT1 :I* OBEYS ! COMM&M5T3 0,WE %ALL RISE EV]Y 
MORN+ AT T5 O'CLOCK06 ,BUT 5JOYM5T MU/ BE PREV5T$ FROM DEG5]AT+ 9TO ATTA*M5T1 IT MU/ BE PUT 9 
P>5!SES & T\<5$4 ,OBJECTS ( 5JOYM5T MU/ ALSO NEV] BE ALL[$ TO APPE> AS P]SONS4 ,IF MAN IS 0AN 
ABSOLUTELY MAT]IAL SPECIES ( PLANT10 HE CAN ONLY BE TREAT$ AS AN OBJECT1 & AS AN OBJECT = EXP]IM5T4 ,9 ,SADE'S 
=TRESS REPUBLIC1 !RE >E ONLY MA*9ES & ME*ANICS4 ,! SY/EM1 :I* DICTATES ! ME?OD ( EMPLOY+ ! 
MA*9ES1 PUTS EV]Y?+ 9 ITS RI<T PLACE4 ,HIS 9FAM\S CONV5TS HAVE !IR RULE--SIGNIFICANTLY COPI$ FROM ?AT 
( RELIGI\S COMMUNITIES4 ,?US ! LIB]T9E 9DULGES 9 PUBLIC CONFESSION4 ,BUT ! PROCESS IS *ANG$3 0,IF HIS 
CONDUCT IS PURE1 HE IS C5SUR$40 

,SADE1 AS WAS ! CU/OM ( HIS P]IOD1 CON/RUCT$ IDEAL SOCIETIES4 ,BUT1 CONTR>Y TO ! CU/OM ( HIS P]IOD1 HE 
CODIFIES ! NATURAL WICK$NESS ( MANK9D4 ,HE METICUL\SLY CON/RUCTS A CITADEL ( =CE & HATR$1 PIONE] ?AT HE 
IS1 EV5 TO ! PO9T ( CALCULAT+ MA!MATICALLY ! AM\NT ( ! FRE$OM HE SUCCE$$ 9 DE/ROY+4 ,HE SUMS 
UP HIS PHILOSOPHY ) AN UNEMOTIONAL ACC\NT+ ( CRIMES3 0,MASSACR$ BE=E ! FIR/ ( ,M>*3 #a4 ,AFT] ! 
FIR/ ( ,M>*3 #b4 ,TO COME3 #a#f4 ,TOTAL3 #d#f40 ,A PIONE]1 NO D\BT1 BUT A LIMIT$ ONE1 AS WE CAN SEE4 

,IF ?AT W]E ALL1 ,SADE W\LD BE WOR?Y ONLY ( ! 9T]E/ ?AT ATTA*ES TO ALL MISUND]/OOD PIONE]S4 ,BUT ONCE ! 
DRAWBRIDGE IS UP1 LIFE 9 ! CA/LE MU/ GO ON4 ,NO MATT] H[ METICUL\S ! SY/EM1 IT CANNOT =ESEE EV]Y 
EV5TUALITY4 ,IT CAN DE/ROY1 BUT IT CANNOT CREATE4 ,! MA/]S ( !SE TORTUR$ COMMUNITIES DO NOT F9D ! 
SATISFACTION !Y SO DESP]ATELY DESIRE4 ,SADE (T5 EVOKES ! 0PLEASANT HABIT ( CRIME40 ,NO?+ H]E1 H[EV]1 
SEEMS V]Y PLEASANT--MORE LIKE ! FURY ( A MAN 9 *A9S4 ,! PO9T1 9 FACT1 IS TO 5JOY ONESELF1 & ! MAXIMUM 
( 5JOYM5T CO9CIDES ) ! MAXIMUM ( DE/RUCTION4 ,TO POSSESS :AT ONE IS GO+ TO KILL1 TO COPULATE ) 
SUFF]+--?OSE >E ! MOM5TS ( FRE$OM T[>D :I* ! 5TIRE ORGANIZATION ( ,SADE'S CA/LES IS DIRECT$4 ,BUT 
FROM ! MOM5T :5 SEXUAL CRIME DE/ROYS ! 
OBJECT ( DESIRE1 IT ALSO DE/ROYS DESIRE1 :I* EXI/S ONLY AT ! PRECISE MOM5T ( DE/RUCTION4 ,!N 
ANO!R OBJECT MU/ BE BR\<T UND] SUBJECTION & KILL$ AGA91 & !N ANO!R1 & SO ON TO AN 
9F9ITY ( ALL POSSIBLE OBJECTS4 ,?IS LEADS TO ?AT DRE>Y ACCUMULATION ( ]OTIC & CRIM9AL SC5ES 9 
,SADE'S NOVELS1 :I*1 P>ADOXICALLY1 LEAVES ! READ] ) ! IMPRESSION ( A HIDE\S *A/ITY4 

,:AT P>T1 9 ?IS UNIV]SE1 C\LD PLEASURE PLAY OR ! EXQUISITE JOY ( ACQUIESC5T & ACCOMPLICE 
BODIES8 ,9 IT WE F9D AN IMPOSSIBLE QUE/ = ESCAPE FROM DESPAIR--A QUE/ ?AT F9I%ES1 NEV]!LESS1 9 A 
DESP]ATE RACE FROM S]VITUDE TO S]VITUDE & FROM PRISON TO PRISON4 ,IF ONLY NATURE IS REAL & IF1 9 
NATURE1 ONLY DESIRE & DE/RUCTION >E LEGITIMATE1 !N1 9 ?AT ALL HUMANITY DOES NOT SUFFICE TO ASSUAGE ! 
?IR/ = BLOOD1 ! PA? ( DE/RUCTION MU/ LEAD TO UNIV]SAL ANNIHILATION4 ,WE MU/ BECOME1 ACCORD+ TO 
,SADE'S =MULA1 NATURE'S EXECUTION]4 ,BUT EV5 ?AT POSITION IS NOT A*IEV$ TOO EASILY4 ,:5 ! ACC\NTS 
>E CLOS$1 :5 ALL ! VICTIMS >E MASSACR$1 ! EXECUTION]S >E LEFT FACE TO FACE 9 ! DES]T$ CA/LE4 
,SOME?+ IS /ILL MISS+4 ,! TORTUR$ BODIES RETURN1 9 !IR ELEM5TS1 TO NATURE & WILL BE BORN AGA94 
,EV5 MURD] CANNOT BE FULLY CONSUMMAT$3 0,MURD] ONLY DEPRIVES ! VICTIM ( HIS FIR/ LIFE2 A MEANS 
MU/ BE F\ND ( DEPRIV+ HIM ( HIS SECOND 
0 ,SADE CONTEMPLATES AN ATTACK ON CREATION3 0,I ABHOR 
NATURE 
,I %\LD LIKE TO UPSET ITS PLANS1 TO ?W>T ITS PROGRESS1 TO HALT ! />S 9 !IR C\RSES1 TO 
OV]TURN ! FLOAT+ SPH]ES ( SPACE1 TO DE/ROY :AT S]VES NATURE & TO SUCCOR ALL ?AT H>MS IT2 9 A 
WORD1 TO 9SULT IT 9 ALL ITS WORKS1 & ,I CANNOT SUCCE$ 9 DO+ SO40 ,IT IS 9 VA9 ?AT HE DREAMS ( A 
TE*NICIAN :O CAN PULV]IZE ! UNIV]SE3 HE KN[S ?AT1 9 ! DU/ ( ! SPH]ES1 LIFE WILL CONT9UE4 
,! ATTACK AGA9/ CREATION IS DOOM$ TO FAILURE4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DE/ROY EV]Y?+1 !RE IS ALWAYS A 
REMA9D]4 0,I CANNOT SUCCE$ 9 DO+ SO 4 4 40 ! ICY & IMPLACABLE UNIV]SE SUDD5LY REL5TS AT ! 
APPALL+ MELAN*OLY BY :I* ,SADE1 9 ! 5D & QUITE UNWILL+LY1 ALWAYS MOVES US4 0,WE C\LD 
P]HAPS ATTACK ! SUN1 DEPRIVE ! UNIV]SE ( IT1 OR USE IT TO SET FIRE TO ! WORLD-- ?OSE W\LD BE REAL 
CRIMES0 ,CRIMES1 YES1 BUT NOT ! DEF9ITIVE CRIME4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO GO F>!R4 ,! EXECUTION]S EYE EA* O!R ) SUSPICION4 

,!Y >E ALONE1 & ONE LAW ALONE GOV]NS !M3 ! LAW ( P[]4 ,AS !Y ACCEPT$ IT :5 !Y W]E 
MA/]S1 !Y CANNOT REJECT IT IF IT TURNS AGA9/ !M4 ,ALL P[] T5DS TO BE UNIQUE & SOLIT>Y4 ,MURD] 
MU/ BE REPEAT$3 9 !IR TURN ! MA/]S WILL TE> ONE ANO!R TO PIECES4 ,SADE ACCEPTS ?IS CONSEQU5CE 
& DOES NOT FL9*4 ,A CURI\S K9D ( /OICISM1 D]IV$ FROM VICE1 %$S A LITTLE LI<T 9 ! D>K PLACES ( 
HIS REBELLI\S S\L4 ,HE WILL NOT TRY TO LIVE AGA9 9 ! WORLD ( AFFECTION & COMPROMISE4 ,! DRAWBRIDGE 
WILL NOT BE L[]$2 HE WILL ACCEPT P]SONAL ANNIHILATION4 ,! UNBRIDL$ =CE ( HIS REFUSAL A*IEVES1 AT ITS 
CLIMAX1 AN UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE ?AT IS NOT )\T NOBILITY4 ,! MA/] CONS5TS TO BE ! SLAVE 9 HIS 
TURN & EV51 P]HAPS1 WI%ES TO BE4 0,! SCAFFOLD W\LD BE = ME ! ?RONE ( VOLUPTU\SNESS40 

,?US ! GREATE/ DEGREE ( DE/RUCTION CO9CIDES ) ' ! GREATE/ DEGREE ( AFFIRMATION4 ,! MA/]S 
?R[ !MSELVES ON ONE ANO!R1 & ,SADE'S WORK1 D$ICAT$ TO ! GLORY ( LIB]T9ISM1 5DS BY BE+ 
0/REWN ) CORPSES ( LIB]T9ES /RUCK D[N AT ! HEI<T ( !IR P[]S40.<#f.> ,! MO/ P[]FUL1 ! 
ONE :O WILL SURVIVE1 IS ! SOLIT>Y1 ! ,UNIQUE1 :OSE GLORIFICATION ,SADE HAS UND]TAK5--9 O!R 
WORDS1 HIMSELF4 ,AT LA/ HE REIGNS SUPREME1 MA/] & ,GOD4 ,BUT AT ! MOM5T ( HIS GREATE/ VICTORY ! 
DREAM VANI%ES4 ,! ,UNIQUE TURNS BACK T[>D ! PRISON] :OSE UNB\ND$ IMAG9ATION GAVE BIR? TO 
HIM1 & !Y BECOME ONE4 ,HE IS 9 FACT ALONE1 IMPRISON$ 9 A BLOOD/A9$ ,BA/ILLE1 5TIRELY CON/RUCT$ 
>\ND A /ILL UNSATISFI$1 & H5CE=? UNDIRECT$1 DESIRE = PLEASURE4 ,HE HAS ONLY TRIUMPH$ 9 A 
DREAM & ?OSE T5 VOLUMES CRAMM$ ) PHILOSOPHY & ATROCITIES RECAPITULATE AN UNHAPPY =M ( 
ASCETICISM1 AN ILLUSORY ADVANCE FROM ! TOTAL NO TO ! ABSOLUTE YES1 AN ACQUIESC5CE 9 DEA? AT LA/1 
:I* TRANSFIGURES ! ASSASS9ATION ( EV]Y?+ & EV]YONE 9TO A COLLECTIVE SUICIDE4 

,SADE WAS EXECUT$ 9 EFFIGY2 HE1 TOO1 ONLY KILL$ 9 HIS IMAG9ATION4 ,PROME!US 5DS 9 ,ONAN4 ,SADE IS 
/ILL A PRISON] :5 HE DIES1 BUT ?IS TIME 9 A LUNATIC ASYLUM1 
ACT+ PLAYS ON AN IMPROVIS$ /AGE ) O!R LUNATICS4 ,A D]ISORY EQUIVAL5T ( ! SATISFACTION ?AT ! 
ORD] ( ! WORLD FAIL$ TO GIVE HIM WAS PROVID$ = HIM BY DREAMS & BY CREATIVE ACTIVITY4 ,! WRIT]1 
( C\RSE1 HAS NO NE$ TO REFUSE HIMSELF ANY?+4 ,= HIM1 AT LEA/1 B\ND>IES DISAPPE> & DESIRE CAN 
BE ALL[$ FREE RE94 ,9 ?IS RESPECT ,SADE IS ! P]FECT MAN ( LETT]S4 ,HE CREAT$ A FABLE 9 ORD] TO GIVE 
HIMSELF ! ILLUSION ( EXI/+4 ,HE PUT 0! MORAL CRIME ?AT ONE COMMITS BY WRIT+0 ABOVE EV]Y?+ 
ELSE4 ,HIS M]IT1 :I* IS 9CONTE/ABLE1 LIES 9 HAV+ IMM$IATELY DEMON/RAT$1 ) ! UNHAPPY 
P]SPICACITY ( ACCUMULAT$ RAGE1 ! EXTREME CONSEQU5CES ( REBELLI\S LOGIC--AT LEA/ :5 IT =GETS 
! TRU? TO BE F\ND 9 ITS ORIG9S4 ,!SE CONSEQU5CES >E A COMPLETE TOTALIT>IANISM1 UNIV]SAL CRIME1 AN 
>I/OCRACY ( CYNICISM1 & ! DESIRE = AN APOCALYPSE4 ,!Y WILL BE F\ND AGA9 MANY YE>S AFT] HIS 
DEA?4 ,BUT HAV+ TA/$ !M1 HE WAS CAU<T1 IT SEEMS1 ON ! HORNS ( HIS [N DILEMMA & C\LD ONLY 
ESCAPE ! DILEMMA 9 LIT]ATURE4 ,/RANGELY 5\<1 IT IS ,SADE :O SETS REBELLION ON ! PA? ( LIT]ATURE 
D[N :I* IT WILL BE L$ /ILL F>!R BY ! ROMANTICS4 ,HE HIMSELF IS ONE ( ?OSE WRIT]S ( :OM HE 
SAYS3 0!IR CORRUPTION IS SO DANG]\S1 SO ACTIVE1 ?AT !Y HAVE NO O!R AIM 9 PR9T+ !IR MON/R\S 
WORKS ?AN TO EXT5D BEYOND !IR [N LIVES ! SUM TOTAL ( !IR CRIMES2 !Y CAN COMMIT NO MORE1 BUT 
!IR ACCURS$ WRIT+S WILL LEAD O!RS TO DO SO1 & ?IS COM=T+ ?\<T :I* !Y C>RY ) !M 
TO ! TOMB CONSOLES !M = ! OBLIGATION ?AT DEA? IMPOSES ON !M ( R5\NC+ ?IS LIFE40 ,?US HIS 
REBELLI\S WRIT+S BE> WITNESS TO HIS DESIRE = SURVIVAL4 ,EV5 IF ! IMMORTALITY HE LONGS = IS ! 
IMMORTALITY ( ,CA91 AT LEA/ HE LONGS = IT1 & DESPITE HIMSELF BE>S WITNESS TO :AT IS MO/ TRUE 9 
METAPHYSICAL REBELLION4 

,MOREOV]1 EV5 HIS FOLL[]S COMPEL US TO DO HIM HOMAGE4 ,HIS HEIRS >E NOT ALL WRIT]S4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE 
IS JU/IFICATION = SAY+ ?AT HE SUFF]$ & DI$ TO /IMULATE ! IMAG9ATION ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA 9 
LIT]>Y CAFES4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT ALL4 ,SADE'S SUCCESS 9 \R DAY IS EXPLA9$ BY ! DREAM ?AT HE HAD 9 
COMMON ) CONTEMPOR>Y ?\<T3 ! DEM& = TOTAL FRE$OM1 & DEHUMANIZA-TION COLDLY PLANN$ 
BY ! 9TELLIG5CE4 ,! R$UCTION ( 
MAN TO AN OBJECT ( EXP]IM5T1 ! RULE ?AT SPECI,SES ! RELATION BETWE5 ! WILL TO P[] & MAN AS 
AN OBJECT1 ! SEAL$ LABORATORY ?AT IS ! SC5E ( ?IS MON/R\S EXP]IM5T1 >E LESSONS :I* ! 
!ORETICIANS ( P[] WILL DISCOV] AGA9 :5 !Y COME TO ORGANIZ+ ! AGE ( SLAV]Y4 

,TWO C5TURIES AHEAD ( TIME & ON A R$UC$ SCALE1 ,SADE EXTOLL$ TOTALIT>IAN SOCIETIES 9 ! NAME ( 
UNBRIDL$ FRE$OM--:I*1 9 REALITY1 REBELLION DOES NOT DEM&4 ,! HI/ORY & ! TRAG$Y ( \R 
TIMES REALLY BEG9 ) HIM4 ,HE ONLY BELIEV$ ?AT A SOCIETY F\ND$ ON FRE$OM ( CRIME MU/ CO9CIDE 
) FRE$OM ( MORALS1 AS ?\< S]VITUDE HAD ITS LIMITS4 ,\R TIMES HAVE LIMIT$ !MSELVES TO BL5D+1 
9 A CURI\S MANN]1 HIS DREAM ( A UNIV]SAL REPUBLIC & HIS TE*NIQUE ( DEGRADATION4 ,F9ALLY1 :AT HE 
HAT$ MO/1 LEGAL MURD]1 HAS AVAIL$ ITSELF ( ! DISCOV]IES ?AT HE WANT$ TO PUT TO ! S]VICE ( 
9/9CTIVE MURD]4 ,CRIME1 :I* HE WANT$ TO BE ! EXOTIC & DELICI\S FRUIT ( UNBRIDL$ VICE1 IS NO 
MORE TODAY ?AN ! DISMAL HABIT ( A POLICE-CONTROLL$ MORALITY4 ,SU* >E ! SURPRISES ( LIT]ATURE4 

,! ,D&IES' ,REBELLION 

,EV5 AFT] ,SADE'S TIME1 M5 ( LETT]S /ILL CONT9UE TO DOM9ATE ! SC5E4 ,ROMANTICISM1 ,LUCIF]-LIKE 9 
ITS REBELLION1 IS REALLY ONLY USEFUL = ADV5TURES ( ! IMAG9ATION4 ,LIKE ,SADE1 ROMANTICISM IS SEP>AT$ 
FROM E>LI] =MS ( REBELLION BY ITS PREF]5CE = EVIL & ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,BY PUTT+ EMPHASIS ON ITS 
P[]S ( DEFIANCE & REFUSAL1 REBELLION1 AT ?IS /AGE1 =GETS ITS POSITIVE CONT5T4 ,S9CE ,GOD CLAIMS ALL 
?AT IS GOOD 9 MAN1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO D]IDE :AT IS GOOD & *OOSE :AT IS EVIL4 ,HATR$ ( DEA? & ( 
9JU/ICE WILL LEAD1 !RE=E1 IF NOT TO ! EX]CISE1 AT LEA/ TO ! V9DICATION1 ( EVIL & MURD]4 

,! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ,SATAN & DEA? 9 ,P>ADISE ,LO/1 ! FAVORITE POEM ( ! ROMANTICS1 SYMBOLIZES 
?IS DRAMA2 ALL ! MORE PR(\NDLY 9 ?AT DEA? 7)1 ( C\RSE1 S97 IS ! *ILD ( ,SATAN4 ,9 ORD] TO 
COMBAT EVIL1 ! REBEL R5\NCES GOOD1 BECAUSE HE CONSID]S HIMSELF 9NOC5T1 & ONCE AGA9 GIVES BIR? 
TO EVIL4 ,! ROMANTIC 
H]O FIR/ ( ALL BR+S AB\T ! PR(\ND &1 SO TO SPEAK1 RELIGI\S BL5D+ ( GOOD & EVIL4.<#g.> ,?IS TYPE 
( H]O IS 0FATAL0 BECAUSE FATE CONF\NDS GOOD & EVIL )\T MAN BE+ ABLE TO PREV5T IT4 ,FATE DOES NOT 
ALL[ JUDGM5TS ( VALUE4 ,IT REPLACES !M BY ! /ATEM5T ?AT 0,IT IS SO0-- :I* EXCUSES EV]Y?+1 
) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,CREATOR1 :O ALONE IS RESPONSIBLE = ?IS SC&AL\S /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,! 
ROMANTIC H]O IS ALSO 0FATAL0 BECAUSE1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT HE 9CREASES 9 P[] & G5IUS1 ! P[] ( 
EVIL 9CREASES 9 HIM4 ,EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( P[]1 EV]Y EXCESS1 IS ?US COV]$ BY ?IS 0,IT IS SO40 ,?AT 
! >TI/1 P>TICUL>LY ! POET1 %\LD BE DEMONIAC IS A V]Y ANCI5T IDEA1 :I* IS =MULAT$ 
PROVOCATIVELY 9 ! WORK ( ! ROMANTICS4 ,AT ?IS P]IOD !RE IS EV5 AN IMP]IALISM ( EVIL1 :OSE AIM 
IS TO ANNEX EV]Y?+1 EV5 ! MO/ OR?ODOX G5IUSES4 0,:AT MADE ,MILTON WRITE ) CON/RA9T10 
,BLAKE OBS]VES1 0:5 HE SPOKE ( ANGELS & ( ,GOD1 & ) AUDACITY :5 HE SPOKE ( DEMONS & 
( HELL1 IS ?AT HE WAS A REAL POET & ON ! SIDE ( ! DEMONS1 )\T KN[+ IT40 ,! POET1 ! G5IUS1 
MAN HIMSELF 9 HIS MO/ EXALT$ IMAGE1 !RE=E CRY \T SIMULTANE\SLY ) ,SATAN3 0,SO F>EWELL HOPE1 
& ) HOPE F>EWELL FE>1 F>EWELL REMORSE 
,EVIL1 BE ?\ MY GOOD40 ,IT IS ! CRY ( \TRAG$ 
9NOC5CE4 

,! ROMANTIC H]O1 !RE=E1 CONSID]S HIMSELF COMPELL$ TO DO EVIL BY HIS NO/ALGIA = AN UNREALIZABLE 
GOOD4 ,SATAN RISES AGA9/ HIS ,CREATOR BECAUSE ! LATT] EMPLOY$ =CE TO SUBJUGATE HIM4 0,:OM REASON 
HA? EQUAL'D10 SAYS ,MILTON'S ,SATAN1 0=CE HA? MADE SUPREME ABOVE HIS EQUALS40 ,DIV9E VIOL5CE IS ?US 
EXPLICITLY CONDEMN$4 ,! REBEL FLEES FROM ?IS AGGRESSIVE & UNWOR?Y ,GOD1 0,F>!/ FROM HIM IS 
BE/10 & REIGNS OV] ALL ! =CES HO/ILE TO ! DIV9E ORD]4 ,! ,PR9CE ( ,D>KNESS HAS ONLY *OS5 
?IS PA? BECAUSE GOOD IS A NOTION DEF9$ & UTILIZ$ BY ,GOD = UNJU/ PURPOSES4 ,EV5 9NOC5CE 
IRRITATES ! ,REBEL 9 SO F> AS IT IMPLIES BE+ DUP$4 ,?IS 0D>K SPIRIT ( EVIL :O IS 5RAG$ BY 
9NOC5CE0 CREATES A HUMAN 9JU/ICE P>ALLEL TO DIV9E 9JU/ICE4 ,S9CE VIOL5CE IS AT ! ROOT ( ALL 
CREATION1 DELIB]ATE VIOL5CE %ALL BE ITS ANSW]4 ,! FACT ?AT !RE IS AN EXCESS ( DESPAIR 
ADDS TO ! CAUSES ( DESPAIR & BR+S REBELLION TO ?AT /ATE ( 9DIGNANT FRU/RATION :I* FOLL[S ! 
LONG EXP]I5CE ( 9JU/ICE & :]E ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL F9ALLY DISAPPE>S4 ,VIGNY'S 
,SATAN CAN 
444 NO LONG] F9D 9 GOOD OR EVIL ANY PLEASURE NOR ( ! SORR[ ?AT HE CAUSES TAKE ! MEASURE4 

,?IS DEF9ES NIHILISM & AU?ORIZES MURD]4 
,MURD]1 9 FACT1 IS ON ! WAY TO BECOM+ ACCEPTABLE4 ,IT IS 5\< TO COMP>E ! ,LUCIF] ( ! PA9T]S 
( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES ) ! ,SATAN ( ! ROMANTICS4 ,AN ADOLESC5T 0Y\NG1 SAD1 *>M+0 7,VIGNY7 
REPLACES ! HORN$ BEA/4 0,BEAUTIFUL1 ) A BEAUTY UNKN[N ON ?IS E>?0 7,L]MONTOV71 SOLIT>Y & 
P[]FUL1 UNHAPPY & SCORNFUL1 HE IS (FH& EV5 9 OPPRESSION4 ,BUT HIS EXCUSE IS SORR[4 0,:O H]E10 
SAYS ,MILTON'S ,SATAN1 0WILL 5VY :OM ! HI<E/ PLACE 4 4 4 CONDEMNS TO GREATE/ %>E ( 5DLESS PA940 

,SO MANY 9JU/ICES SUFF]$1 A SORR[ SO UNRELIEV$1 JU/IFY EV]Y EXCESS4 ,! REBEL !RE=E ALL[S 
HIMSELF C]TA9 ADVANTAGES4 ,MURD]1 ( C\RSE1 IS NOT RECOMM5D$ = ITS [N SAKE4 ,BUT IT IS IMPLICIT 9 
! VALUE-- SUPREME = ! ROMANTIC--ATTA*$ TO FR5ZY4 ,FR5ZY IS ! REV]SE ( BOR$OM3 ,LOR5ZACCIO 
DREAMS ( ,HAN ( ,ICEL&4 ,EXQUISITE S5SIBILITIES EVOKE ! ELEM5T>Y FURIES ( ! BEA/4 ,! ,BYRONIC 
H]O1 9CAPABLE ( LOVE1 OR CAPABLE ONLY ( AN IMPOSSIBLE LOVE1 SUFF]S 5DLESSLY4 ,HE IS SOLIT>Y1 LANGUID1 
HIS CONDITION EXHAU/S HIM4 ,IF HE WANTS TO FEEL ALIVE1 IT MU/ BE 9 ! T]RIBLE EXALTATION ( A BRIEF & 
DE/RUCTIVE ACTION4 ,TO LOVE SOMEONE :OM ONE WILL NEV] SEE AGA9 IS TO GIVE A CRY ( EXULTATION AS ONE 
P]I%ES 9 ! FLAMES ( PASSION4 ,ONE LIVES ONLY 9 & = ! MOM5T1 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE 0! BRIEF & 
VIVID UNION ( A TEMPE/U\S HE>T UNIT$ TO ! TEMPE/0 7L]MONTOV74 ,! ?REAT ( MORTALITY :I* 
HANGS OV] US MAKES EV]Y?+ ABORTIVE4 ,ONLY ! CRY ( ANGUI% CAN BR+ US TO LIFE2 EXALTATION TAKES ! 
PLACE ( TRU?4 ,TO ?IS EXT5T ! APOCALYPSE BECOMES AN ABSOLUTE VALUE 9 :I* EV]Y?+ IS 
CONF\ND$--LOVE & DEA?1 CONSCI5CE & CULPABILITY4 ,9 A *AOTIC UNIV]SE NO O!R LIFE EXI/S BUT ?AT 
( ! ABYSS :]E1 ACCORD+ TO ,ALFR$ ,LE ,POITTEV91 HUMAN BE+S COME 0TREMBL+ ) RAGE & 
EXULT+ 9 
!IR CRIMES0 TO CURSE ! ,CREATOR4 ,! 9TOXICATION ( FR5ZY &1 ULTIMATELY1 SOME SUITABLE CRIME REVEAL 
9 A MOM5T ! :OLE MEAN+ ( A LIFE4 ,)\T EXACTLY ADVOCAT+ CRIME1 ! ROMANTICS 9SI/ ON 
PAY+ HOMAGE TO A BASIC SY/EM ( PRIVILEGES :I* !Y ILLU/RATE ) ! CONV5TIONAL IMAGES ( ! 
\TLAW1 ! CRIM9AL ) ! HE>T ( GOLD1 & ! K9D BRIG&4 ,!IR WORKS >E BA!D 9 BLOOD & 
%R\D$ 9 MY/]Y4 ,! S\L IS DELIV]$1 AT A M9IMUM EXP5DITURE1 ( ITS MO/ HIDE\S DESIRES-- 
DESIRES ?AT A LAT] G5]ATION WILL ASSUAGE 9 EXT]M9ATION CAMPS4 ,( C\RSE !SE WORKS >E ALSO A 
*ALL5GE TO ! SOCIETY ( ! TIMES4 ,BUT ROMANTICISM1 AT ! S\RCE ( ITS 9SPIRATION1 IS *IEFLY CONC]N$ 
) DEFY+ MORAL & DIV9E LAW4 ,?AT IS :Y ITS MO/ ORIG9AL CREATION IS NOT1 PRIM>ILY1 ! 
REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT1 LOGICALLY 5\<1 ! D&Y4 

,LOGICALLY1 BECAUSE ?IS OB/9ATE P]SI/5CE 9 ,SATANISM CAN ONLY BE JU/IFI$ BY ! 5DLESS AFFIRMATION 
( 9JU/ICE &1 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 BY ITS CONSOLIDATION4 ,PA91 AT ?IS /AGE1 IS ACCEPTABLE ONLY ON 
CONDITION ?AT IT IS 9CURABLE4 ,! REBEL *OOSES ! METAPHYSIC ( 9EVITABLE EVIL1 :I* IS EXPRESS$ 9 
! LIT]ATURE ( DAMNATION FROM :I* WE HAVE NOT YET ESCAP$4 0,I WAS CONSCI\S ( MY P[] & ,I WAS 
CONSCI\S ( MY *A9S0 7,PETRUS ,BOREL74 ,BUT !SE *A9S >E VALUABLE OBJECTS4 ,)\T !M IT W\LD BE 
NECESS>Y TO PROVE1 OR TO EX]CISE1 ?IS P[] :I*1 AFT] ALL1 ONE IS NOT V]Y SURE ( HAV+4 ,IT IS ONLY TOO 
EASY TO 5D UP BY BECOM+ A GOV]NM5T EMPLOYEE 9 ,ALGI]S1 & ,PROME!US1 LIKE ! ABOVE- 
M5TION$ ,BOREL1 WILL DEVOTE ! RE/ ( HIS DAYS TO CLOS+ ! CAB>ETS & RE=M+ MORALS 9 ! 
COLONIES4 ,ALL ! SAME1 EV]Y POET TO BE RECEIV$ 9TO ! FOLD MU/ BE DAMN$4.<#h.> ,*>LES ,LASSAILLY1 ! 
SAME :O PLANN$ A PHILOSOPHIC NOVEL1 ,ROBESPI]RE & ,JESUS ,*RI/1 NEV] W5T TO B$ )\T UTT]+ 
SEV]AL F]V5T BLASPHEMIES TO GIVE HIMSELF C\RAGE4 ,REBELLION PUTS ON M\RN+ & EXHIBITS ITSELF = 
PUBLIC ADMIRATION4 ,MU* MORE ?AN ! CULT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ROMANTICISM 9AUGURATES ! CULT ( 
! 0*>ACT]40 ,IT IS AT ?IS PO9T ?AT IT IS LOGICAL4 ,NO LONG] HOP+ = ! RULE OR ! UNITY ( ,GOD1 
DET]M9$ TO TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ AN ANTAGONI/IC DE/9Y1 ANXI\S TO PRES]VE EV]Y?+ ( :I* ! 
LIV+ >E /ILL CAPABLE 9 A WORLD D$ICAT$ TO DEA?1 ROMANTIC REBELLION LOOK$ = A SOLUTION 9 ! 
ATTITUDE ?AT IT ITSELF ASSUM$4 ,! ATTITUDE ASSEMBL$1 9 ES!TIC UNITY1 ALL MANK9D :O W]E 9 ! 
H&S ( FATE & AB\T TO BE DE/ROY$ BY DIV9E VIOL5CE4 ,! HUMAN BE+ :O IS CONDEMN$ TO DEA? 
IS1 AT LEA/1 MAGNIFIC5T BE=E HE DISAPPE>S1 & HIS MAGNIFIC5CE IS HIS JU/IFICATION4 ,IT IS AN E/ABLI%$ 
FACT1 ! ONLY ONE ?AT CAN BE ?R[N 9 ! PETRIFI$ FACE ( ! ,GOD ( HATE4 ,! IMPASSIVE REBEL DOES NOT 
FL9* BE=E ! EYES ( ,GOD4 0,NO?+10 SAYS ,MILTON1 0WILL *ANGE ?IS DET]M9$ M9D1 ?IS HI< 
DISDA9 BORN ( AN (F5D$ CONSCI5CE40 ,EV]Y?+ IS DRAWN OR RU%ES T[>D ! VOID1 BUT EV5 ?\< 
MAN IS HUMILIAT$1 HE IS OB/9ATE & AT LEA/ PRES]VES HIS PRIDE4 ,A B>OQUE ROMANTIC1 DISCOV]$ BY 
,RAYMOND ,QU5EAU1 CLAIMS ?AT ! AIM ( ALL 9TELLECTUAL LIFE IS TO BECOME ,GOD4 ,?IS ROMANTIC IS REALLY A 
LITTLE AHEAD ( HIS TIME4 ,! AIM1 AT ?AT TIME1 WAS ONLY TO EQUAL ,GOD & REMA9 ON ,HIS LEVEL4 ,HE IS NOT 
DE/ROY$1 BUT BY 9CESSANT EF=T ,HE IS REFUS$ ANY ACT ( SUBMISSION4 ,D&YISM IS A DEGRAD$ =M ( 
ASCETICISM4 

,! D&Y CREATES HIS [N UNITY BY ES!TIC MEANS4 ,BUT IT IS AN ES!TIC ( S+UL>ITY & ( NEGATION4 

0,TO LIVE & DIE BE=E A MIRROR03 ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO ,BAUDELAIRE1 WAS ! D&Y'S SLOGAN4 ,IT IS 9DE$ A 
COH]5T SLOGAN4 ,! D&Y IS1 BY OCCUPATION1 ALWAYS 9 OPPOSITION4 ,HE CAN ONLY EXI/ BY DEFIANCE4 ,UP TO 
N[ MAN D]IV$ HIS COH]5CE FROM HIS ,CREATOR4 ,BUT FROM ! MOM5T ?AT HE CONSECRATES HIS RUPTURE 
) ,HIM1 HE F9DS HIMSELF DELIV]$ OV] TO ! FLEET+ MOM5T1 TO ! PASS+ DAYS1 & TO WA/$ 
S5SIBILITY4 ,!RE=E HE MU/ TAKE HIMSELF 9 H&4 ,! D&Y RALLIES HIS =CES & CREATES A UNITY = 
HIMSELF BY ! V]Y VIOL5CE ( HIS REFUSAL4 ,PR(LIGATE1 LIKE ALL PEOPLE )\T A RULE ( LIFE1 HE IS COH]5T 
AS AN ACTOR4 ,BUT AN ACTOR IMPLIES A PUBLIC2 ! D&Y CAN ONLY PLAY A P>T BY SETT+ HIMSELF UP 9 
OPPOSITION4 ,HE CAN ONLY BE SURE ( HIS [N EXI/5CE BY F9D+ IT 9 ! EXPRESSION ( O!RS' FACES4 ,O!R 
PEOPLE >E HIS MIRROR4 ,A MIRROR ?AT 
QUICKLY BECOMES CL\D$1 IT IS TRUE1 S9CE HUMAN CAPACITY = ATT5TION IS LIMIT$4 ,IT MU/ BE CEASELESSLY 
/IMULAT$1 SPURR$ ON BY PROVOCATION4 ,! D&Y1 !RE=E1 IS ALWAYS COMPELL$ TO A/ONI%4 ,S+UL>ITY 
IS HIS VOCATION1 EXCESS HIS WAY TO P]FECTION4 ,P]PETUALLY 9COMPLETE1 ALWAYS ON ! FR+E ( ?+S1 HE 
COMPELS O!RS TO CREATE HIM1 :ILE D5Y+ !IR VALUES4 ,HE PLAYS AT LIFE BECAUSE HE IS UNABLE TO LIVE IT4 

,HE PLAYS AT IT UNTIL HE DIES1 EXCEPT = ! MOM5TS :5 HE IS ALONE & )\T A MIRROR4 ,= ! D&Y1 
TO BE ALONE IS NOT TO EXI/4 ,! ROMANTICS TALK$ SO GR&LY AB\T SOLITUDE ONLY BECAUSE IT WAS !IR REAL 
HORROR1 ! ONE ?+ !Y C\LD NOT BE>4 ,!IR REBELLION ?RU/S ITS ROOTS DEEP1 BUT FROM ! ,ABBE 
,PREVO/'S ,CLEVEL& UP TO ! TIME ( ! ,DADAI/S--9CLUD+ ! FR5ETICS ( #ahc & ,BAUDELAIRE & 
! DECAD5TS ( #a#h#h--MORE ?AN A C5TURY ( REBELLION WAS COMPLETELY GLUTT$ BY ! AUDACITIES ( 
0ECC5TRICITY40 ,IF !Y W]E ALL ABLE TO TALK ( UNHAPP9ESS1 IT IS BECAUSE !Y DESPAIR$ ( EV] BE+ ABLE 
TO CONQU] IT1 EXCEPT 9 FUTILE P>ODIES1 & BECAUSE !Y 9/9CTIVELY FELT ?AT IT REMA9$ !IR SOLE 
EXCUSE & !IR REAL CLAIM TO NOBILITY4 

,?AT IS :Y ! H]ITAGE ( ROMANTICISM WAS NOT CLAIM$ BY ,VICTOR ,HUGO1 ! EPITOME ( ,FRANCE1 BUT BY 
,BAUDELAIRE & ,LAC5AIRE1 ! POETS ( CRIME4 0,EV]Y?+ 9 ?IS WORLD EXUDES CRIME10 SAYS ,BAUDELAIRE1 
0! NEWSPAP]1 ! WALLS1 & ! FACE ( MAN40 ,NEV]!LESS CRIME1 :I* IS ! LAW ( NATURE1 
S+UL>LY FAILS TO APPE> DI/+UI%$4 ,LAC5AIRE1 ! FIR/ ( ! G5TLEMAN CRIM9ALS1 EXPLOITS IT 
EFFECTIVELY2 ,BAUDELAIRE DISPLAYS LESS T5ACITY1 BUT IS A G5IUS4 ,HE CREATES ! G>D5 ( EVIL :]E CRIME 
FIGURES ONLY AS ONE ( ! R>] SPECIES4 ,T]ROR ITSELF BECOMES AN EXQUISITE S5SATION & A COLLECTOR'S ITEM4 

0,NOT ONLY W\LD ,I BE HAPPY TO BE A VICTIM1 BUT ,I W\LD NOT EV5 HATE BE+ AN EXECUTION] 9 ORD] TO FEEL 
! REVOLUTION FROM BO? SIDES40 ,EV5 ,BAUDELAIRE'S CON=MITY HAS ! ODOR ( CRIME4 ,IF HE *OSE ,MAI/RE 
AS HIS MA/]1 IT IS TO ! EXT5T ?AT ?IS CONS]VATIVE GOES TO EXTREMES & C5T]S HIS DOCTR9E ON DEA? 
& ON ! EXECUTION]4 0,! REAL SA9T10 ,BAUDELAIRE PRET5DS TO ?9K1 0IS HE :O FLOGS & KILLS PEOPLE 
= !IR [N GOOD40 ,HIS >GUM5T WILL BE HE>D4 ,A RACE ( REAL SA9TS IS BEG9N+ TO SPREAD OV] ! 
E>? = ! PURPOSE ( CONFIRM+ !SE CURI\S CON- 
ELUSIONS AB\T REBELLION4 ,BUT ,BAUDELAIRE1 DESPITE HIS SATANIC >S5AL1 HIS TA/E = ,SADE1 HIS BLASPHEMIES1 REMA9S TOO 
MU* ( A !OLOGIAN TO BE A PROP] REBEL4 ,HIS REAL DRAMA1 :I* MADE HIM ! GREATE/ POET ( HIS TIME1 WAS 
SOME?+ ELSE4 ,BAUDELAIRE CAN BE M5TION$ H]E ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT HE WAS ! MO/ PR(\ND !ORETICIAN ( 
D&YISM & GAVE DEF9ITE =M TO ONE ( ! CONCLUSIONS ( ROMANTIC REVOLT4 

,ROMANTICISM DEMON/RATES1 9 FACT1 ?AT REBELLION IS P>T & P>CEL ( D&YISM3 ONE ( ITS OBJECTIVES IS 
APPE>ANCES4 ,9 ITS CONV5TIONAL =MS1 D&YISM ADMITS A NO/ALGIA = E?ICS4 ,IT IS ONLY HONOR DEGRAD$ AS A PO9T 
( HONOR4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME IT 9AUGURATES AN ES!TIC :I* IS /ILL VALID 9 \R WORLD1 AN ES!TIC ( SOLIT>Y 
CREATORS1 :O >E OB/9ATE RIVALS ( A ,GOD !Y CONDEMN4 ,FROM ROMANTICISM ONW>D1 ! >TI/'S TASK WILL NOT ONLY 
BE TO CREATE A WORLD1 OR TO EXALT BEAUTY = ITS [N SAKE1 BUT ALSO TO DEF9E AN ATTITUDE4 ,?US ! >TI/ BECOMES A 
MODEL & (F]S HIMSELF AS AN EXAMPLE3 >T IS HIS E?IC4 ,) HIM BEG9S ! AGE ( ! DIRECTORS ( CONSCI5CE4 

,:5 ! D&IES FAIL TO COMMIT SUICIDE OR DO NOT GO MAD1 !Y MAKE A C>E] & PURSUE PROSP]ITY4 ,EV5 :51 
LIKE ,VIGNY1 !Y EXCLAIM ?AT !Y >E GO+ TO RETIRE 9TO SIL5CE1 !IR SIL5CE IS PI]C+4 

,BUT AT ! V]Y HE>T ( ROMANTICISM1 ! /]ILITY ( ?IS ATTITUDE BECOMES APP>5T TO A FEW REBELS :O PROVIDE A 
TRANSITIONAL TYPE BETWE5 ! ECC5TRICS 7OR ! ,9CR$IBLE7 & \R REVOLUTION>Y ADV5TUR]S4 ,BETWE5 ! TIMES ( 
! EI<TE5?-C5TURY ECC5TRIC & ! 0CONQU]ORS0 ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ,BYRON & ,%ELLEY >E ALREADY 
FI<T+1 ?\< ONLY O/5SIBLY1 = FRE$OM4 ,!Y ALSO EXPOSE !MSELVES1 BUT 9 ANO!R WAY4 ,REBELLION GRADUALLY 
LEAVES ! WORLD ( APPE>ANCES = ! WORLD ( ACTION1 :]E IT WILL COMPLETELY COMMIT ITSELF4 ,! ,FR5* /UD5TS 
9 #ahc & ! ,RUSSIAN ,DECEMBRI/S WILL !N APPE> AS ! PURE/ 9C>NATIONS ( A REBELLION :I* IS AT FIR/ 
SOLIT>Y & :I* !N TRIES1 ?R\< SACRIFICE1 TO F9D ! PA? TO SOLID>ITY4 ,BUT1 9V]SELY1 ! TA/E = ! 
APOCALYPSE & A LIFE ( FR5ZY WILL REAPPE> AMONG PRES5T-DAY REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! 5DLESS S]IES ( TREASON TRIALS1 
! T]RIBLE GAME PLAY$ \T BETWE5 ! JUDGE & ! ACCUS$1 ! ELABORATE /AG+ ( CROSS-EXAM9ATIONS1 
SOMETIMES LEAD US TO BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS A TRAGIC RESEMBLANCE TO ! OLD SUBT]FUGE BY :I* ! 
ROMANTIC REBEL1 9 REFUS+ TO BE :AT HE WAS1 PROVISIONALLY CONDEMN$ HIMSELF TO A MAKE-BELIEVE WORLD 
9 ! DESP]ATE HOPE ( A*IEV+ A MORE PR(\ND EXI/5CE4 

,! ,REJECTION ( ,SALVATION 

,IF ! ROMANTIC REBEL EXTOLS EVIL & ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT HE SIDES ) MANK9D1 BUT 
M]ELY ) HIMSELF4 ,D&YISM1 ( :ATEV] K9D1 IS ALWAYS D&YISM 9 RELATION TO ,GOD4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL1 
9 SO F> AS HE IS A CREAT$ BE+1 CAN OPPOSE HIMSELF ONLY TO ! ,CREATOR4 ,HE HAS NE$ ( ,GOD1 ) :OM 
HE C>RIES ON A K9D ( A GLOOMY FLIRTATION4 ,>M& ,HOOG.<#i.> RI<TLY SAYS ?AT1 DESPITE ITS ,NIETZS*EAN 
ATMOSPH]E1 ,GOD IS NOT YET DEAD EV5 9 ROMANTIC LIT]ATURE4 ,DAMNATION1 SO CLAMOR\SLY DEM&$1 IS 
ONLY A CLEV] TRICK PLAY$ ON ,GOD4 ,BUT ) ,DO/OIEVSKY ! DESCRIPTION ( REBELLION GOES A /EP F>!R4 

,IVAN ,K>AMAZOV SIDES ) MANK9D & /RESSES HUMAN 9NOC5CE4 ,HE AFFIRMS ?AT ! DEA? S5T5CE 
:I* HANGS OV] !M IS UNJU/4 ,F> FROM MAK+ A PLEA = EVIL1 HIS FIR/ IMPULSE1 AT LEA/1 IS TO PLEAD = 
JU/ICE1 :I* HE RANKS ABOVE ! DIV9ITY4 ,?US HE DOES NOT ABSOLUTELY D5Y ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD4 ,HE 
REFUTES ,HIM 9 ! NAME ( A MORAL VALUE4 ,! ROMANTIC REBEL'S AMBITION WAS TO TALK TO ,GOD AS ONE EQUAL 
TO ANO!R4 ,EVIL WAS ! ANSW] TO EVIL1 PRIDE ! ANSW] TO CRUELTY4 ,VIGNY'S IDEAL1 = EXAMPLE1 IS TO 
ANSW] SIL5CE ) SIL5CE4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ! PO9T IS TO RAISE ONESELF TO ! LEVEL ( ,GOD1 :I* ALREADY IS 
BLASPHEMY4 ,BUT !RE IS NO ?\<T ( DISPUT+ ! P[] OR POSITION ( ! DEITY4 ,! BLASPHEMY IS 
REV]5T1 S9CE EV]Y BLASPHEMY IS1 ULTIMATELY1 A P>TICIPATION 9 HOL9ESS4 

,) ,IVAN1 H[EV]1 ! TONE *ANGES4 ,GOD1 9 ,HIS TURN1 IS PUT ON TRIAL4 ,IF EVIL IS ESS5TIAL TO DIV9E 
CREATION1 !N CREATION IS UNACCEPTABLE4 ,IVAN WILL NO LONG] HAVE REC\RSE TO ?IS MY/]I\S ,GOD1 BUT TO A 
HI<] PR9CIPLE 
--NAMELY1 JU/ICE4 ,HE LAUN*ES ! ESS5TIAL UND]TAK+ ( REBELLION1 :I* IS ?AT ( REPLAC+ ! REIGN 
( GRACE BY ! REIGN ( JU/ICE4 ,HE SIMULTANE\SLY BEG9S ! ATTACK ON ,*RI/IANITY4 ,! ROMANTIC REBELS 
BROKE ) ,GOD ,HIMSELF1 ON ! PR9CIPLE ( HATR$4 ,IVAN EXPLICITLY REJECTS ! MY/]Y &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 
,GOD1 ON ! PR9CIPLE ( LOVE4 ,ONLY LOVE CAN MAKE US CONS5T TO ! 9JU/ICE DONE TO ,M>?A1 TO ! 
EXPLOITATION ( WORK]S1 &1 F9ALLY1 TO ! DEA? ( 9NOC5T *ILDR54 

0,IF ! SUFF]+ ( *ILDR510 SAYS ,IVAN1 0S]VES TO COMPLETE ! SUM ( SUFF]+ NECESS>Y = ! 
ACQUISITION ( TRU?1 ,I AFFIRM FROM N[ ONW>D ?AT TRU? IS NOT WOR? SU* A PRICE40 ,IVAN REJECTS ! BASIC 
9T]DEP5D5CE1 9TRODUC$ BY ,*RI/IANITY1 BETWE5 SUFF]+ & TRU?4 ,IVAN'S MO/ PR(\ND UTT]ANCE1 
! ONE :I* OP5S ! DEEPE/ *ASMS B5EA? ! REBEL'S FEET1 IS HIS EV5 IF3 0,I W\LD P]SI/ 9 MY 
9DIGNATION EV5 IF ,I W]E WRONG40 ,:I* MEANS ?AT EV5 IF ,GOD EXI/$1 EV5 IF ! MY/]Y CLOAK$ A 
TRU?1 EV5 IF ! />ETS ,ZOSIME W]E RI<T1 ,IVAN W\LD NOT ADMIT ?AT TRU? %\LD BE PAID = BY EVIL1 
SUFF]+1 & ! DEA? ( 9NOC5TS4 ,IVAN 9C>NATES ! REFUSAL ( SALVATION4 ,FAI? LEADS TO IMMORTAL LIFE4 

,BUT FAI? PRESUMES ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! MY/]Y & ( EVIL1 & RESIGNATION TO 9JU/ICE4 ,! MAN :O IS 
PREV5T$ BY ! SUFF]+ ( *ILDR5 FROM ACCEPT+ FAI? WILL C]TA9LY NOT ACCEPT ET]NAL LIFE4 ,UND] 
!SE CONDITIONS1 EV5 IF ET]NAL LIFE EXI/$1 ,IVAN W\LD REFUSE IT4 ,HE REJECTS ?IS B>GA94 ,HE W\LD 
ACCEPT GRACE ONLY UNCONDITIONALLY1 & ?AT IS :Y HE MAKES HIS [N CONDITIONS4 ,REBELLION WANTS ALL OR 
NO?+4 0,ALL ! KN[L$GE 9 ! WORLD IS NOT WOR? A *ILD'S TE>S40 ,IVAN DOES NOT SAY ?AT !RE IS NO 
TRU?4 ,HE SAYS ?AT IF TRU? DOES EXI/1 IT CAN ONLY BE UNACCEPTABLE4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE IT IS UNJU/4 ,! /RUGGLE 
BETWE5 TRU? & JU/ICE IS BEGUN H]E = ! FIR/ TIME2 & IT WILL NEV] 5D4 ,IVAN1 BY NATURE A SOLIT>Y 
& !RE=E A MORALI/1 WILL SATISFY HIMSELF ) A K9D ( METAPHYSICAL ,DON ,QUIXOTISM4 ,BUT A FEW 
DECADES MORE & AN IMM5SE POLITICAL CONSPIRACY WILL ATTEMPT TO PROVE ?AT JU/ICE IS TRU?4 

,9 ADDITION1 ,IVAN IS ! 9C>NATION ( ! REFUSAL TO BE ! ONLY ONE SAV$4 ,HE ?R[S 9 HIS LOT ) ! 
DAMN$ &1 = !IR SAKE1 REJECTS ET]NITY4 ,IF HE HAD 
FAI?1 HE C\LD1 9 FACT1 BE SAV$1 BUT O!RS W\LD BE DAMN$ & SUFF]+ W\LD CONT9UE4 ,!RE IS NO 
POSSIBLE SALVATION = ! MAN :O FEELS REAL COMPASSION4 ,IVAN WILL CONT9UE TO PUT ,GOD 9 ! WRONG BY 
D\BLY REJECT+ FAI? AS HE W\LD REJECT 9JU/ICE & PRIVILEGE4 ,ONE /EP MORE & FROM ,ALL OR ,NO?+ 
WE >RIVE AT ,EV]YONE OR ,NO ,ONE4 

,?IS EXTREME DET]M9ATION1 & ! ATTITUDE ?AT IT IMPLIES1 W\LD HAVE SUFFIC$ = ! ROMANTICS4 ,BUT 
,IVAN1.<#a.> EV5 ?\< HE ALSO GIVES WAY TO D&YISM1 REALLY LIVES HIS PROBLEMS1 TORN BETWE5 ! NEGATIVE 
& ! AFFIRMATIVE4 ,FROM ?IS MOM5T ONW>D1 HE ACCEPTS ! CONSEQU5CES4 ,IF HE REJECTS IMMORTALITY1 
:AT REMA9S = HIM8 ,LIFE 9 ITS MO/ ELEM5T>Y =M4 ,:5 ! MEAN+ ( LIFE HAS BE5 SUPPRESS$1 
!RE /ILL REMA9S LIFE4 0,I LIVE10 SAYS ,IVAN1 09 SPITE ( LOGIC40 ,& AGA93 0,IF ,I NO LONG] HAD ANY FAI? 9 
LIFE1 IF ,I D\BT$ A WOMAN ,I LOV$1 OR ! UNIV]SAL ORD] ( ?+S1 IF ,I W]E P]SUAD$1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 
?AT EV]Y?+ WAS ONLY AN 9F]NAL & ACCURS$ *AOS--EV5 !N ,I W\LD WANT TO LIVE40 ,IVAN WILL LIVE1 
!N1 & WILL LOVE AS WELL 0)\T KN[+ :Y40 ,BUT TO LIVE IS ALSO TO ACT4 ,TO ACT 9 ! NAME ( :AT8 

,IF !RE IS NO IMMORTALITY1 !N !RE IS NEI!R REW>D NOR PUNI%M5T4 0,I BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS NO VIRTUE 
)\T IMMORTALITY40 ,& ALSO3 0,I ONLY KN[ ?AT SUFF]+ EXI/S1 ?AT NO ONE IS GUILTY1 ?AT EV]Y?+ IS 
CONNECT$1 ?AT EV]Y?+ PASSES AWAY & EQUALS \T40 ,BUT IF !RE IS NO VIRTUE1 !RE IS NO LAW3 
0,EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$40 

,) ?IS 0EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$0 ! HI/ORY ( CONTEMPOR>Y NIHILISM REALLY BEG9S4 ,! ROMANTIC 
REBELLION DID NOT GO SO F>4 ,IT LIMIT$ ITSELF TO SAY+1 9 %ORT1 ?AT EV]Y?+ WAS NOT P]MITT$1 BUT ?AT1 
?R\< 9SOL5CE1 IT ALL[$ ITSELF TO DO :AT WAS =BIDD54 ,) ! ,K>AMAZOVS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! 
LOGIC ( 9DIGNATION TURN$ REBELLION AGA9/ ITSELF & CONFRONT$ IT ) A DESP]ATE CONTRADICTION4 ,! 
ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ! ROMANTICS ALL[$ !MSELVES MOM5TS ( COMPLAC5CE1 :ILE ,IVAN 
COMPELL$ HIMSELF TO DO EVIL SO AS TO BE COH]5T4 ,HE W\LD NOT ALL[ HIMSELF TO BE GOOD4 ,NIHILISM IS NOT 
ONLY DESPAIR & NEGATION BUT1 ABOVE ALL1 ! DESIRE TO DESPAIR & TO NEGATE4 ,! SAME MAN :O SO VIOL5TLY TOOK ! P>T ( 9NOC5CE1 :O TREMBL$ AT 
! SUFF]+ ( A *ILD1 :O WANT$ TO SEE 0) HIS [N EYES0 ! LAMB LIE D[N ) ! LION1 ! 
VICTIM EMBRACE HIS MURD]]1 FROM ! MOM5T ?AT HE REJECTS DIV9E COH]5CE & TRIES TO DISCOV] HIS 
[N RULE ( LIFE1 RECOGNIZES ! LEGITIMACY ( MURD]4 ,IVAN REBELS AGA9/ A MURD]\S ,GOD2 BUT FROM ! 
MOM5T ?AT HE BEG9S TO RATIONALIZE HIS REBELLION1 HE D$UCES ! LAW ( MURD]4 ,IF ALL IS P]MITT$1 HE 
CAN KILL HIS FA!R OR AT LEA/ ALL[ HIM TO BE KILL$4 ,LONG REFLECTION ON ! CONDITION ( MANK9D AS PEOPLE 
S5T5C$ TO DEA? ONLY LEADS TO ! JU/IFICATION ( CRIME4 ,IVAN SIMULTANE\SLY HATES ! DEA? P5ALTY 
7DESCRIB+ AN EXECUTION1 HE SAYS FURI\SLY3 0,HIS HEAD FELL1 9 ! NAME ( DIV9E GRACE07 & CONDONES 
CRIME1 9 PR9CIPLE4 ,EV]Y 9DULG5CE IS ALL[$ ! MURD]]1 NONE IS ALL[$ ! EXECUTION]4 ,?IS 
CONTRADICTION1 :I* ,SADE SWALL[$ ) EASE1 *OKES ,IVAN ,K>AMAZOV4 

,HE PRET5DS TO REASON1 9 FACT1 AS ?\< IMMORTALITY DID NOT EXI/1 :ILE HE ONLY GOES SO F> AS TO SAY ?AT 
HE W\LD REFUSE IT EV5 IF IT DID EXI/4 ,9 ORD] TO PROTE/ AGA9/ EVIL & DEA?1 HE DELIB]ATELY *OOSES TO 
SAY ?AT VIRTUE EXI/S NO MORE ?AN DOES IMMORTALITY & TO ALL[ HIS FA!R TO BE KILL$4 ,HE CONSCI\SLY 
ACCEPTS HIS DILEMMA2 TO BE VIRTU\S & ILLOGICAL1 OR LOGICAL & CRIM9AL4 ,HIS PROTOTYPE1 ! DEVIL1 IS RI<T 
:5 HE :ISP]S3 0,Y\ >E GO+ TO COMMIT A VIRTU\S ACT & YET Y\ DO NOT BELIEVE 9 VIRTUE2 ?AT IS 
:AT ANG]S & TORM5TS Y\40 ,! QUE/ION ?AT ,IVAN F9ALLY POSES1 ! QUE/ION ?AT CON/ITUTES ! REAL 
PROGRESS A*IEV$ BY ,DO/OIEVSKY 9 ! HI/ORY ( REBELLION1 IS ! ONLY ONE 9 :I* WE >E 9T]E/$ 
H]E3 CAN ONE LIVE & /& ONE'S GR\ND 9 A /ATE ( REBELLION8 

,IVAN ALL[S US TO GUESS HIS ANSW]3 ONE CAN LIVE 9 A /ATE ( REBELLION ONLY BY PURSU+ IT TO ! BITT] 5D4 

,:AT IS ! BITT] 5D ( METAPHYSICAL REBELLION8 ,METAPHYSICAL REVOLUTION4 ,! MA/] ( ! WORLD1 AFT] 
HIS LEGITIMACY HAS BE5 CONTE/$1 MU/ BE OV]?R[N4 ,MAN MU/ OCCUPY HIS PLACE4 0,AS ,GOD & 
IMMORTALITY DO NOT EXI/1 ! NEW MAN IS P]MITT$ TO BECOME ,GOD40 ,BUT :AT DOES BECOM+ ,GOD MEAN8 

,IT MEANS1 9 FACT1 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$ & REFUS+ TO RECOGNIZE ANY O!R LAW BUT ONE'S [N4 ,)\T IT BE+ NECESS>Y TO DEVELOP ! 9T]V5+ >GUM5TS1 WE CAN SEE 
?AT TO BECOME ,GOD IS TO ACCEPT CRIME 7A FAVORITE IDEA ( ,DO/OIEVSKY'S 9TELLECTUALS74 ,IVAN'S P]SONAL PROBLEM IS1 
!N1 TO KN[ IF HE WILL BE FAI?FUL TO HIS LOGIC & IF1 ON ! GR\NDS ( AN 9DIGNANT PROTE/ AGA9/ 9NOC5T 
SUFF]+1 HE WILL ACCEPT ! MURD] ( HIS FA!R ) ! 9DIFF]5CE ( A MAN-GOD4 ,WE KN[ HIS SOLUTION3 ,IVAN 
ALL[S HIS FA!R TO BE KILL$4 ,TOO PR(\ND TO BE SATISFI$ ) APPE>ANCES1 TOO S5SITIVE TO P]=M ! DE$ 
HIMSELF1 HE IS CONT5T TO ALL[ IT TO BE DONE4 ,BUT HE GOES MAD4 ,! MAN :O C\LD NOT UND]/& H[ ONE C\LD 
LOVE ONE'S NEI<BOR CANNOT UND]/& EI!R H[ ONE CAN KILL HIM4 ,CAU<T BETWE5 UNJU/IFIABLE VIRTUE & 
UNACCEPTABLE CRIME1 CONSUM$ ) PITY & 9CAPABLE ( LOVE1 A RECLUSE DEPRIV$ ( ! B5EFITS ( CYNICISM1 ?IS 
MAN ( SUPREME 9TELLIG5CE IS KILL$ BY CONTRADICTION4 0,MY M9D IS ( ?IS WORLD10 HE SAID2 0:AT GOOD IS IT TO TRY TO 
UND]/& :AT IS NOT ( ?IS WORLD80 ,BUT HE LIV$ ONLY = :AT IS NOT ( ?IS WORLD1 & HIS PR\D SE>* = ! 
ABSOLUTE IS PRECISELY :AT REMOV$ HIM FROM ! WORLD ( :I* HE LOV$ NO P>T4 

,! FACT ?AT ,IVAN WAS DEFEAT$ DOES NOT OBVIATE ! FACT ?AT ONCE ! PROBLEM IS POS$1 ! CONSEQU5CE MU/ 
FOLL[3 REBELLION IS H5CE=? ON ! M>* T[>D ACTION4 ,?IS HAS ALREADY BE5 DEMON/RAT$ BY ,DO/OIEVSKY1 
) PROPHETIC 9T5SITY1 9 HIS LEG5D ( ! ,GR& ,9QUISITOR4 ,IVAN1 F9ALLY1 DOES NOT DI/+UI% ! CREATOR FROM HIS 
CREATION4 0,IT IS NOT ,GOD :OM ,I REJECT10 HE SAYS1 0IT IS CREATION40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT IS ,GOD ! FA!R1 9DI/+UI%ABLE 
FROM :AT ,HE HAS CREAT$4.<#a#a.> ,HIS PLOT TO USURP ! ?RONE1 !RE=E1 REMA9S COMPLETELY MORAL4 ,HE DOES NOT WANT TO 
RE=M ANY?+ 9 CREATION4 ,BUT CREATION BE+ :AT IT IS1 HE CLAIMS ! RI<T TO FREE HIMSELF MORALLY & TO FREE ALL 
! RE/ ( MANK9D ) HIM4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 FROM ! MOM5T :5 ! SPIRIT ( REBELLION1 HAV+ ACCEPT$ ! 
CONCEPT ( 0EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$0 & 
0EV]YONE OR NO ONE10 AIMS AT RECON/RUCT+ CREATION 9 ORD] TO ASS]T ! SOV]EIGNTY & DIV9ITY ( 
MAN1 & FROM ! MOM5T :5 METAPHYSICAL REBELLION EXT5DS ITSELF FROM E?ICS TO POLITICS1 A NEW 
UND]TAK+1 ( 9CALCULABLE IMPORT1 BEG9S1 :I* ALSO SPR+S1 WE MU/ NOTE1 FROM ! SAME NIHILISM4 

,DO/OIEVSKY1 ! PROPHET ( ! NEW RELIGION1 HAD =ESE5 & ANN\NC$ IT3 0,IF ,ALIO%A HAD COME TO ! 
CONCLUSION ?AT NEI!R ,GOD NOR IMMORTALITY EXI/$1 HE W\LD IMM$IATELY HAVE BECOME AN A!I/ & A 
SOCIALI/4 ,= SOCIALISM IS NOT ONLY A QUE/ION ( ! WORK+ CLASSES2 IT IS ABOVE ALL1 9 ITS CONTEMPOR>Y 
9C>NATION1 A QUE/ION ( A!ISM1 A QUE/ION ( ! T[] ( ,BABEL1 :I* IS CON/RUCT$ )\T ,GOD'S 
HELP1 NOT TO REA* TO ! HEAV5S1 BUT TO BR+ ! HEAV5S D[N TO E>?40.<#a#b.> 

,AFT] ?AT1 ,ALIO%A CAN1 9 FACT1 TREAT ,IVAN ) COMPASSION AS A 0REAL SIMPLETON40 ,! LATT] ONLY MADE AN 
ATTEMPT AT SELF-CONTROL & FAIL$4 ,O!RS WILL APPE>1 ) MORE S]I\S 9T5TIONS1 :O1 ON ! BASIS ( 
! SAME DESPAIR+ NIHILISM1 WILL 9SI/ ON RUL+ ! WORLD4 ,!SE >E ! ,GR& ,9QUISITORS :O 
IMPRISON ,*RI/ & COME TO TELL ,HIM ?AT ,HIS ME?OD IS NOT CORRECT1 ?AT UNIV]SAL HAPP9ESS CANNOT BE 
A*IEV$ BY ! IMM$IATE FRE$OM ( *OOS+ BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL1 BUT BY ! DOM9ATION & 
UNIFICATION ( ! WORLD4 ,! FIR/ /EP IS TO CONQU] & RULE4 ,! K+DOM ( HEAV5 WILL1 9 FACT1 APPE> 
ON E>?1 BUT IT WILL BE RUL$ OV] BY M5--A M]E H&FUL TO BEG9 )1 :O WILL BE ! ,CASS>S1 
BECAUSE !Y W]E ! FIR/ TO UND]/&--& LAT]1 ) TIME1 BY ALL M54 ,! UNITY ( ALL CREATION WILL 
BE A*IEV$ BY EV]Y POSSIBLE MEANS1 S9CE EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$4 ,! ,GR& ,9QUISITOR IS OLD & TIR$1 
= ! KN[L$GE HE POSSESSES IS-BITT]4 ,HE KN[S ?AT M5 >E LAZY RA!R ?AN C[>DLY & ?AT !Y 
PREF] PEACE & DEA? TO ! LIB]TY ( DISC]N+ BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL4 ,HE HAS PITY1 A COLD PITY1 = ! 
SIL5T PRISON] :OM HI/ORY 5DLESSLY DECEIVES4 ,HE URGES HIM TO SPEAK1 TO RECOGNIZE HIS MISDE$S1 &1 
9 ONE S5SE1 TO APPROVE ! ACTIONS ( ! ,9QUISITORS & ( ! ,CAES>S4 ,BUT ! PRISON] DOES NOT SPEAK4 

,! 5T]PRISE WILL CONT9UE1 !RE=E1 )\T HIM2 HE WILL BE KILL$4 

,LEGITIMACY WILL COME AT ! 5D ( TIME1 :5 ! K+DOM ( M5 IS ASSUR$4 0,! AFFAIR HAS ONLY JU/ 
BEGUN1 IT IS F> FROM BE+ T]M9AT$1 & ! WORLD HAS MANY O!R ?+S TO SUFF]1 BUT WE %ALL A*IEVE 
\R AIM1 WE %ALL BE ,CES>1 & !N WE %ALL BEG9 TO ?9K AB\T UNIV]SAL HAPP9ESS40 

,BY !N ! PRISON] HAS BE5 EXECUT$2 ! ,GR& ,9QUISITORS REIGN ALONE1 LI/5+ TO 0! PR(\ND 
SPIRIT1 ! SPIRIT ( DE/RUCTION & DEA?40 ,! ,GR& ,9QUISITORS PR\DLY REFUSE FRE$OM & ! BREAD ( 
HEAV5 & (F] ! BREAD ( ?IS E>? )\T FRE$OM4 0,COME D[N FROM ! CROSS & WE WILL BELIEVE 
9 Y\10 !IR POLICE AG5TS >E ALREADY CRY+ ON ,GOLGO?A4 ,BUT ,HE DID NOT COME D[N &1 EV51 AT ! 
MO/ TORTUR$ MOM5T ( ,HIS AGONY1 ,HE PROTE/$ TO ,GOD AT HAV+ BE5 =SAK54 ,!RE >E1 ?US1 NO 
LONG] ANY PRO(S1 BUT FAI? & ! MY/]Y ?AT ! REBELS REJECT & AT :I* ! ,GR& ,9QUISITORS SC(F4 

,EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$ & C5TURIES ( CRIME >E PREP>$ 9 ?AT CATACLYSMIC MOM5T4 ,FROM ,PAUL TO 
,/AL91 ! POPES :O HAVE *OS5 ,CES> HAVE PREP>$ ! WAY = ,CAES>S :O QUICKLY LE>N TO DESPISE 
POPES4 ,! UNITY ( ! WORLD1 :I* WAS NOT A*IEV$ ) ,GOD1 WILL H5CE=? BE ATTEMPT$ 9 DEFIANCE 
( ,GOD4 

,BUT WE HAVE NOT YET REA*$ ?AT PO9T4 ,= ! MOM5T1 ,IVAN (F]S US ONLY ! TORTUR$ FACE ( ! REBEL 
PLUNG$ 9 ! ABYSS1 9CAPABLE ( ACTION1 TORN BETWE5 ! IDEA ( HIS [N 9NOC5CE & ! DESIRE TO 
KILL4 ,HE HATES ! DEA? P5ALTY BECAUSE IT IS ! IMAGE ( ! HUMAN CONDITION1 &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 HE 
IS DRAWN TO CRIME4 ,BECAUSE HE HAS TAK5 ! SIDE ( MANK9D1 SOLITUDE IS HIS LOT4 ,) HIM ! REBELLION ( 
REASON CULM9ATES 9 MADNESS4 

,ABSOLUTE ,AFFIRMATION 

,FROM ! MOM5T ?AT MAN SUBMITS ,GOD TO MORAL JUDGM5T1 HE KILLS ,HIM 9 HIS [N HE>T4 ,& !N :AT 
IS ! BASIS ( MORALITY8 ,GOD IS D5I$ 9 ! NAME ( JU/ICE1 BUT CAN ! IDEA ( JU/ICE BE UND]/OOD 
)\T ! IDEA ( ,GOD8 ,AT ?IS PO9T >E WE NOT 9 ! REALM ( ABSURDITY8 ,ABSURDITY IS ! CONCEPT ?AT 
,NIETZS*E MEETS FACE TO FACE4 ,9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO DISMISS IT1 HE PU%ES IT TO EXTREMES3 MORALITY IS ! 
ULTIMATE ASPECT ( ,GOD1 :I* MU/ BE DE/ROY$ BE=E RECON/RUCTION CAN BEG94 ,!N ,GOD NO LONG] 
EXI/S & IS NO LONG] RESPONSIBLE = \R EXI/5CE2 MAN MU/ RESOLVE TO ACT1 9 ORD] TO EXI/4 

,! ,UNIQUE 

,EV5 BE=E ,NIETZS*E1 ,/IRN] WANT$ TO ]ADICATE ! V]Y IDEA ( ,GOD FROM MAN'S M9D1 AFT] HE HAD 
DE/ROY$ ,GOD ,HIMSELF4 ,BUT1 UNLIKE ,NIETZS*E1 HIS NIHILISM WAS GRATIFI$4 ,/IRN] LAU<S 9 HIS BL9D ALLEY2 
,NIETZS*E BEATS HIS HEAD AGA9/ ! WALL4 ,9 #a#h#d#e1 ! YE> :5 ,D] ,E9ZIG] UND SE9 ,EIG5TUM 7,! 
,UNIQUE & ,ITS ,*>ACT]I/ICS7 APPE>$1 ,/IRN] BEG9S TO DEF9E HIS POSITION4 ,/IRN]1 :O FREQU5T$ 
! 0,SOCIETY ( ,FREE ,M50 ) ! Y\NG ,HEGELIANS ( ! LEFT 7( :OM ,M>X WAS ONE71 HAD AN ACC\NT 
TO SETTLE NOT ONLY ) ,GOD1 BUT ALSO ) ,FEU]BA*'S ,MAN1 ,HEGEL'S ,SPIRIT1 & ITS HI/ORICAL 9C>NATION1 
! ,/ATE4 ,ALL !SE IDOLS1 TO HIS M9D1 W]E (FSPR+S ( ! SAME 0MONGOLISM0--! BELIEF 9 ! ET]NITY 
( IDEAS4 ,?US HE WAS ABLE TO WRITE3 0,I HAVE CON/RUCT$ MY CASE ON NO?+40 ,S9 IS1 ( C\RSE1 
A 0MONGOL SC\RGE10 BUT IT IS ALSO ! LAW ( :I* WE >E PRISON]S4 ,GOD IS ! 5EMY2 ,/IRN] GOES AS F> 
AS HE CAN 9 BLASPHEMY 70DIGE/ ! ,HO/ & Y\ >E RID ( IT074 ,BUT ,GOD IS ONLY ONE ( ! AB]RATIONS ( 
! ,I1 OR MORE PRECISELY ( :AT ,I AM4 ,SOCRATES1 ,JESUS1 ,DESC>TES1 ,HEGEL1 ALL ! PROPHETS & PHILOSOPH]S1 
HAVE DONE NO?+ BUT 9V5T NEW ME?ODS ( D]ANG+ :AT ,I AM1 ! ,I ?AT ,/IRN] IS SO 9T5T ON 
DI/+UI%+ FROM ! ABSOLUTE ,I ( ,FI*TE BY R$UC+ IT TO ITS MO/ SPECIFIC & TRANSITORY ASPECT4 0,IT HAS 
NO NAME10 IT IS ! ,UNIQUE4 

,= ,/IRN] ! HI/ORY ( ! UNIV]SE UP TO ! TIME ( ,JESUS IS NO?+ BUT A SU/A9$ EF=T TO IDEALIZE 
REALITY4 ,?IS EF=T IS 9C>NAT$ 9 ! IDEAS & RITES ( PURIFICATION :I* ! ANCI5TS EMPLOY$4 ,FROM 
! TIME ( ,JESUS1 ! GOAL IS REA*$1 & ANO!R EF=T IS EMB>K$ UPON :I* CONSI/S1 ON ! 
CONTR>Y1 9 ATTEMPT+ TO REALIZE ! IDEAL4 ,! PASSION ( ! 9C>NATION TAKES ! PLACE ( PURIFICATION 
& DEVA/ATES ! WORLD1 TO A GREAT] & GREAT] DEGREE1 AS SOCIALISM1 ! HEIR ( ,*RI/1 EXT5DS ITS SWAY4 

,BUT ! HI/ORY ( ! UNIV]SE IS NO?+ BUT A CONT9UAL (F5SE TO ! UNIQUE PR9CIPLE ?AT 0,I AM0--A 
LIV+1 CONCRETE PR9CIPLE1 A TRIUMPHANT PR9CIPLE ?AT ! WORLD HAS ALWAYS WANT$ TO SUBJECT TO ! YOKE 
( SUCCESSIVE AB/RACTIONS--,GOD1 ! ,/ATE1 SOCIETY1 HUMANITY4 ,= ,/IRN]1 PHILAN?ROPY IS A HOAX4 

,A!I/IC PHILOSOPHIES1 :I* CULM9ATE 9 ! CULT ( ! ,/ATE & ( ,MAN1 >E ONLY 0!OLOGICAL 
9SURRECTIONS40 0,\R A!I/S10 SAYS ,/IRN]1 0>E REALLY PI\S FOLK40 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE RELIGION ?AT EXI/S 
?R\<\T ALL HI/ORY1 ! BELIEF 9 ET]NITY4 ,?IS BELIEF IS A DECEPTION4 ,! ONLY TRU? IS ! ,UNIQUE1 ! 
5EMY ( ET]NITY & ( EV]Y?+1 9 FACT1 :I* DOES NOT FUR!R ITS DESIRE = DOM9ATION4 

,) ,/IRN]1 ! CONCEPT ( NEGATION :I* 9SPIRES HIS REBELLION IRRESI/IBLY SUBM]GES EV]Y ASPECT ( 
AFFIRMATION4 ,IT ALSO SWEEPS AWAY ! SUB/ITUTES = DIV9ITY ) :I* ! MORAL CONSCI5CE IS 
5CUMB]$4 0,EXT]NAL ET]NITY IS SWEPT AWAY10 HE SAYS1 0BUT 9T]NAL ET]NITY HAS BECOME A NEW HEAV540 

,EV5 REVOLUTION1 REVOLUTION 9 P>TICUL>1 IS REPUGNANT TO ?IS REBEL4 ,TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y1 ONE MU/ 
CONT9UE TO BELIEVE 9 SOME?+1 EV5 :]E !RE IS NO?+ 9 :I* TO BELIEVE4 0,! .<,FR5*.> 
,REVOLUTION 5D$ 9 REACTION & ?AT DEMON/RATES :AT ! 
,REVOLUTION WAS 9 REALITY40 ,TO D$ICATE ONESELF TO HUMANITY IS NO MORE WOR? :ILE ?AN S]V+ ,GOD4 

,MOREOV]1 FRAT]NITY IS ONLY 0,COMMUNISM 9 ITS ,SUNDAY BE/40 ,DUR+ ! WEEK1 ! MEMB]S ( ! 
FRAT]NITY BECOME SLAVES4 ,!RE=E !RE IS ONLY ONE =M ( FRE$OM = ,/IRN]1 0MY P[]10 & ONLY 
ONE TRU?1 0! MAGNIFIC5T EGOTISM ( ! />S40 

,9 ?IS DES]T EV]Y?+ BEG9S TO FL[] AGA94 0,! T]RIFY+ SIGNIFICANCE ( AN UNPREM$ITAT$ CRY ( 
JOY CANNOT BE UND]/OOD :ILE ! LONG NI<T ( FAI? & REASON 5DURES40 ,?IS NI<T IS DRAW+ TO A 
CLOSE1 & A DAWN WILL BREAK :I* IS NOT ! DAWN ( REVOLUTION BUT ( 9SURRECTION4 ,9SURRECTION IS1 9 
ITSELF1 AN ASCETICISM :I* REJECTS ALL =MS ( CONSOLATION4 ,! 9SURG5T WILL NOT BE 9 AGREEM5T ) 
O!R M5 EXCEPT 9 SO F> AS1 & AS LONG AS1 !IR EGOTISM CO9CIDES ) HIS4 ,HIS REAL LIFE IS L$ 9 
SOLITUDE :]E HE WILL ASSUAGE1 )\T RE/RA9T1 HIS APPETITE = EXI/+1 :I* IS HIS ONLY REASON = 
EXI/5CE4 

,9 ?IS RESPECT 9DIVIDUALISM REA*ES A CLIMAX4 ,IT IS ! NEGATION ( EV]Y?+ ?AT D5IES ! 9DIVIDUAL 
& ! GLORIFICATION ( EV]Y?+ ?AT EXALTS & M9I/]S TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,:AT1 ACCORD+ TO ,/IRN]1 
IS GOOD8 0,EV]Y?+ ( :I* ,I CAN MAKE USE40 ,:AT AM ,I1 LEGITIMATELY1 AU?ORIZ$ TO DO8 0,EV]Y?+ ( 
:I* ,I AM CAPABLE40 ,ONCE AGA91 REBELLION LEADS TO ! JU/IFICATION ( CRIME4 ,/IRN] NOT ONLY HAS 
ATTEMPT$ TO JU/IFY CRIME 79 ?IS RESPECT ! T]RORI/ =MS ( AN>*Y >E DIRECTLY DESC5D$ FROM HIM71 
BUT IS VISIBLY 9TOXICAT$ BY ! P]SPECTIVES ?AT HE ?US REVEALS4 0,TO BREAK ) :AT IS SACR$1 OR RA!R 
TO DE/ROY ! SACR$1 C\LD BECOME UNIV]SAL4 ,IT IS NOT A NEW REVOLUTION ?AT IS APPROA*+--BUT IS NOT A 
P[]FUL1 PR\D1 DISRESPECTFUL1 %AMELESS1 CONSCI5CELESS CRIME SWELL+ LIKE A ?UND]CL\D ON ! 
HORIZON1 & CAN Y\ NOT SEE ?AT ! SKY1 HEAVY ) =EBOD+1 IS GR[+ D>K & SIL5T80 ,H]E WE 
CAN FEEL ! SOMB] JOY ( ?OSE :O CREATE AN APOCALYPSE 9 A G>RET4 ,?IS BITT] & IMP]I\S LOGIC CAN 
NO LONG] BE HELD 9 *ECK1 EXCEPT BY AN ,I :I* IS DET]M9$ TO DEFEAT EV]Y =M ( AB/RACTION & 
:I* HAS ITSELF BECOME AB/RACT & NAMELESS ?R\< BE+ ISOLAT$ & CUT (F FROM ITS ROOTS4 ,!RE >E 
NO MORE CRIMES & NO MORE IMP]FECTIONS1 & !RE=E NO MORE S9N]S4 ,WE >E ALL P]FECT4 

,S9CE EV]Y ,I IS1 9 ITSELF1 FUNDAM5TALLY CRIM9AL 9 ITS ATTITUDE T[>D ! ,/ATE & ! PEOPLE1 WE MU/ 
RECOGNIZE ?AT TO LIVE IS TO TRANSGRESS4 ,UNLESS WE ACCEPT DEA?1 WE MU/ BE WILL+ TO KILL 9 ORD] TO BE 
UNIQUE4 0,Y\ >E NOT AS NOBLE AS A CRIM9AL1 Y\ :O DO NOT DESECRATE ANY?+40 ,MOREOV] ,/IRN]1 /ILL 
)\T ! C\RAGE ( HIS CONVICTIONS1 SPECIFIES3 0,KILL !M1 DO NOT M>TYR !M40 

,BUT TO DECREE ?AT MURD] IS LEGITIMATE IS TO DECREE MOBILIZATION & W> = ALL ! ,UNIQUE4 ,?US MURD] 
WILL CO9CIDE ) A K9D ( COLLECTIVE SUICIDE4 ,/IRN]1 :O EI!R DOES NOT ADMIT OR DOES NOT SEE ?IS1 
NEV]!LESS DOES NOT RECOIL AT ! IDEA ( ANY =M ( DE/RUCTION4 ,! SPIRIT ( REBELLION F9ALLY DISCOV]S 
ONE ( ITS BITT]E/ SATISFACTIONS 9 *AOS4 0,Y\ .<! ,G]MAN NATION.> WILL BE /RUCK D[N4 ,SOON Y\R SI/] 
NATIONS WILL FOLL[ Y\2 :5 ALL ( !M HAVE GONE Y\R WAY1 HUMANITY WILL BE BURI$1 & ON ITS TOMB ,I1 
SOLE MA/] ( MYSELF AT LA/1 ,I1 HEIR TO ALL ! HUMAN RACE1 WILL %\T ) LAU<T]40 ,& SO1 AMONG ! 
RU9S ( ! WORLD1 ! DESOLATE LAU<T] ( ! 9DIVIDUAL-K+ ILLU/RATES ! LA/ VICTORY ( ! SPIRIT ( 
REBELLION4 ,BUT AT ?IS EXTREMITY NO?+ ELSE IS POSSIBLE BUT DEA? OR RESURRECTION4 ,/IRN]1 & ) HIM ALL 
! NIHILI/ REBELS1 RU% TO ! UTMO/ LIMITS1 DRUNK ) DE/RUCTION4 ,AFT] :I*1 :5 ! DES]T HAS BE5 
DISCLOS$1 ! NEXT /EP IS TO LE>N H[ TO LIVE !RE4 ,NIETZS*E'S EXHAU/IVE SE>* !N BEG9S4 

,NIETZS*E & ,NIHILISM 

0,WE D5Y ,GOD1 WE D5Y ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ,GOD1 IT IS ONLY ?US ?AT WE WILL DELIV] ! WORLD40 ,) 
,NIETZS*E1 NIHILISM SEEMS TO BECOME PROPHETIC4 ,BUT WE CAN DRAW NO CONCLUSIONS FROM ,NIETZS*E EXCEPT 
! BASE & M$IOCRE CRUELTY ?AT HE HAT$ ) ALL HIS /R5G?1 UNLESS WE GIVE FIR/ PLACE 9 HIS WORK-- 
WELL AHEAD ( ! PROPHET--TO ! DIAGNO/ICIAN4 ,! PROVISIONAL1 ME?ODICAL--9 A WORD1 /RATEGIC-- 
*>ACT] ( HIS ?\<T CANNOT BE D\BT$ = A MOM5T4 ,) HIM NIHILISM BECOMES CONSCI\S = ! 
FIR/ TIME4 ,SURGEONS HAVE ?IS 9 COMMON ) PROPHETS3 !Y ?9K & OP]ATE 9 T]MS ( ! FUTURE4 
,NIETZS*E NEV] ?\<T EXCEPT 9 T]MS ( AN 
APOCALYPSE TO COME1 NOT 9 ORD] TO EXTOLL IT1 = HE GUESS$ ! SORDID & CALCULAT+ ASPECT ?AT ?IS 
APOCALYPSE W\LD F9ALLY ASSUME1 BUT 9 ORD] TO AVOID IT & TO TRANS=M IT 9TO A R5AISSANCE4 ,HE 
RECOGNIZ$ NIHILISM = :AT IT WAS & EXAM9$ IT LIKE A CL9ICAL FACT4 

,HE SAID ( HIMSELF ?AT HE WAS ! FIR/ COMPLETE NIHILI/ ( ,EUROPE4 ,NOT BY *OICE1 BUT BY CONDITION1 & 
BECAUSE HE WAS TOO GREAT TO REFUSE ! H]ITAGE ( HIS TIME4 ,HE DIAGNOS$ 9 HIMSELF1 & 9 O!RS1 ! 
9ABILITY TO BELIEVE & ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! PRIMITIVE F\NDATION ( ALL FAI?--NAMELY1 ! BELIEF 9 
LIFE4 ,! 0CAN ONE LIVE AS A REBEL80 BECAME ) HIM 0CAN ONE LIVE BELIEV+ 9 NO?+80 ,HIS REPLY IS 
AFFIRMATIVE4 ,YES1 IF ONE CREATES A SY/EM \T ( ABS5CE ( FAI?1 IF ONE ACCEPTS ! F9AL CONSEQU5CES ( 
NIHILISM1 & IF1 ON EM]G+ 9TO ! DES]T & PUTT+ ONE'S CONFID5CE 9 :AT IS GO+ TO COME1 ONE 
FEELS1 ) ! SAME PRIMITIVE 9/9CT1 BO? PA9 & JOY4 

,9/EAD ( ME?ODICAL D\BT1 HE PRACTIC$ ME?ODICAL NEGATION1 ! DET]M9$ DE/RUCTION ( EV]Y?+ 
?AT /ILL HIDES NIHILISM FROM ITSELF1 ( ! IDOLS ?AT CAM\FLAGE ,GOD'S DEA?4 0,TO RAISE A NEW SANCTU>Y1 A 
SANCTU>Y MU/ BE DE/ROY$1 ?AT IS ! LAW40 ,ACCORD+ TO ,NIETZS*E1 HE :O WANTS TO BE A CREATOR ( 
GOOD OR ( EVIL MU/ FIR/ ( ALL DE/ROY ALL VALUES4 0,?US ! SUPREME EVIL BECOMES P>T ( ! SUPREME 
GOOD1 BUT ! SUPREME GOOD IS CREATIVE40 ,HE WROTE1 9 HIS [N MANN]1 ! ,DISC\RS DE LA ,ME?ODE ( HIS 
P]IOD1 )\T ! FRE$OM & EXACTITUDE ( ! SEV5TE5?-C5TURY ,FR5* HE ADMIR$ SO MU*1 BUT 
) ! MAD LUCIDITY ?AT *>ACT]IZES ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 IS ! C5TURY ( 
G5IUS4 ,WE MU/ RETURN TO ! EXAM9ATION ( ?IS SY/EM ( REBELLION4.<#a#c.> 

,NIETZS*E'S FIR/ /EP IS TO ACCEPT :AT HE KN[S4 ,A!ISM = HIM GOES )\T SAY+ & IS 
0CON/RUCTIVE & RADICAL40 ,NIETZS*E'S SUPREME VOCATION1 SO HE SAYS1 IS TO PROVOKE A K9D ( CRISIS & A 
F9AL DECISION AB\T ! PROBLEM ( A!ISM4 ,! WORLD CONT9UES ON ITS C\RSE AT 
R&OM & !RE IS NO?+ F9AL AB\T IT4 ,?US ,GOD IS USELESS1 S9CE ,HE WANTS NO?+ 9 P>TICUL>4 ,IF 
,HE WANT$ SOME?+--& H]E WE RECOGNIZE ! TRADITIONAL =MULATION ( ! PROBLEM ( EVIL--,HE 
W\LD HAVE TO ASSUME ! RESPONSIBILITY = 0A SUM TOTAL ( PA9 & 9CONSI/5CY :I* W\LD DEBASE 
! 5TIRE VALUE ( BE+ BORN40 ,WE KN[ ?AT ,NIETZS*E WAS PUBLICLY 5VI\S ( ,/5DAHL'S EPIGRAM3 

0,! ONLY EXCUSE = ,GOD IS ?AT HE DOES NOT EXI/40 ,DEPRIV$ ( ! DIV9E WILL1 ! WORLD IS EQUALLY 
DEPRIV$ ( UNITY & F9ALITY4 ,?AT IS :Y IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO PASS JUDGM5T ON ! WORLD4 ,ANY ATTEMPT TO 
APPLY A /&>D ( VALUES TO ! WORLD LEADS F9ALLY TO A SL&] ON LIFE4 ,JUDGM5TS >E BAS$ ON :AT IS1 
) REF]5CE TO :AT %\LD BE--! K+DOM ( HEAV51 ET]NAL CONCEPTS1 OR MORAL IMP]ATIVES4 ,BUT 
:AT %\LD BE DOES NOT EXI/2 & ?IS WORLD CANNOT BE JUDG$ 9 ! NAME ( NO?+4 0,! ADVANTAGES 
( \R TIMES3 NO?+ IS TRUE1 EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$40 ,!SE MAGNIFIC5T OR IRONIC =MULAS :I* >E 
E*O$ BY ?\S&S ( O!RS1 AT LEA/ SUFFICE TO DEMON/RATE ?AT ,NIETZS*E ACCEPTS ! 5TIRE BURD5 ( 
NIHILISM & REBELLION4 ,9 HIS SOME:AT PU]ILE REFLECTIONS ON 0TRA9+ & SELECTION0 HE EV5 =MULAT$ 
! EXTREME LOGIC ( NIHILI/IC REASON+3 0,PROBLEM3 BY :AT MEANS C\LD WE OBTA9 A /RICT =M ( 
COMPLETE & CONTAGI\S NIHILISM :I* W\LD TEA* & PRACTICE1 ) COMPLETE SCI5TIFIC AW>5ESS1 
VOLUNT>Y DEA?80 

,BUT ,NIETZS*E 5LI/S VALUES 9 ! CAUSE ( NIHILISM :I*1 TRADITIONALLY1 HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ AS 
RE/RA9TS ON NIHILISM--PR9CIPALLY MORALITY4 ,MORAL CONDUCT1 AS EXPLA9$ BY ,SOCRATES1 OR AS RECOMM5D$ 
BY ,*RI/IANITY1 IS 9 ITSELF A SIGN ( DECAD5CE4 ,IT WANTS TO SUB/ITUTE ! M]E %AD[ ( A MAN = A MAN 
( FLE% & BLOOD4 ,IT CONDEMNS ! UNIV]SE ( PASSION & EMOTION 9 ! NAME ( AN 5TIRELY IMAG9>Y 
WORLD ( H>MONY4 ,IF NIHILISM IS ! 9ABILITY TO BELIEVE1 !N ITS MO/ S]I\S SYMPTOM IS NOT F\ND 9 
A!ISM1 BUT 9 ! 9ABILITY TO BELIEVE 9 :AT IS1 TO SEE :AT IS HAPP5+1 & TO LIVE LIFE AS IT IS (F]$4 

,?IS 9FIRMITY IS AT ! ROOT ( ALL IDEALISM4 ,MORALITY HAS NO FAI? 9 ! WORLD4 ,= ,NIETZS*E1 REAL MORALITY 
CANNOT BE SEP>AT$ FROM LUCIDITY4 ,HE IS SEV]E ON ! 0CALUMNIATORS ( ! WORLD0 BECAUSE HE DISC]NS 9 
! CALUMNY A %AMEFUL TA/E = EVASION4 ,TRADITIONAL MORALITY1 = HIM1 IS ONLY A SPECIAL TYPE ( 
IMMORALITY4 0,IT IS VIRTUE10 HE SAYS1 0:I* HAS NE$ ( JU/IFICATION40 ,& AGA93 0,IT IS = MORAL REASONS 
?AT GOOD1 ONE DAY1 WILL CEASE TO BE DONE40 

,NIETZS*E'S PHILOSOPHY1 UND\BT$LY1 REVOLVES >\ND ! PROBLEM ( REBELLION4 ,MORE PRECISELY1 IT BEG9S 
BY BE+ A REBELLION4 ,BUT WE S5SE ! *ANGE ( POSITION ?AT ,NIETZS*E MAKES4 ,) HIM1 REBELLION 
BEG9S ) 0,GOD IS DEAD10 :I* IS ASSUM$ AS AN E/ABLI%$ FACT2 !N IT TURNS AGA9/ EV]Y?+ ?AT 
AIMS AT FALSELY REPLAC+ ! VANI%$ DEITY & REFLECTS DI%ONOR ON A WORLD :I* D\BTLESS HAS NO 
DIRECTION BUT :I* REMA9S NEV]!LESS ! ONLY PROV+-GR\ND ( ! GODS4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! OP9ION ( 
C]TA9 ( HIS ,*RI/IAN CRITICS1 ,NIETZS*E DID NOT =M A PROJECT TO KILL ,GOD4 ,HE F\ND ,HIM DEAD 9 ! 
S\L ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,HE WAS ! FIR/ TO UND]/& ! IMM5SE IMPORTANCE ( ! EV5T & TO 
DECIDE ?AT ?IS REBELLION ON ! P>T ( M5 C\LD NOT LEAD TO A R5AISSANCE UNLESS IT WAS CONTROLL$ & 
DIRECT$4 ,ANY-O!R ATTITUDE T[>D IT1 :E!R REGRET OR COMPLAC5CY1 MU/ LEAD TO ! APOCALYPSE4 ,?US 
,NIETZS*E DID NOT =MULATE A PHILOSOPHY ( REBELLION1 BUT CON/RUCT$ A PHILOSOPHY ON REBELLION4 

,IF HE ATTACKS ,*RI/IANITY 9 P>TICUL>1 IT IS ONLY 9 SO F> AS IT REPRES5TS MORALITY4 ,HE ALWAYS LEAVES 9TACT 
! P]SON ( ,JESUS ON ! ONE H&1 & ON ! O!R ! CYNICAL ASPECTS ( ! ,*UR*4 ,WE KN[ ?AT1 
FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! CONNOISSEUR1 HE ADMIR$ ! ,JESUITS4 0,BASICALLY10 HE WRITES1 0ONLY ! ,GOD ( 
MORALITY IS REJECT$40 ,*RI/1 = ,NIETZS*E AS = ,TOL/OY1 IS NOT A REBEL4 ,! ESS5CE ( ,HIS DOCTR9E IS 
SUMM$ UP 9 TOTAL CONS5T & 9 NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL4 ,?\ %ALT NOT KILL1 EV5 TO PREV5T KILL+4 ,! 
WORLD MU/ BE ACCEPT$ AS IT IS1 NO?+ MU/ BE ADD$ TO ITS UNHAPP9ESS1 BUT Y\ MU/ CONS5T TO SUFF] 
P]SONALLY FROM ! EVIL IT CONTA9S4 ,! K+DOM ( HEAV5 IS )9 \R IMM$IATE REA*4 ,IT IS ONLY AN 
9N] 9CL9ATION :I* ALL[S US TO MAKE \R ACTIONS CO9CIDE ) !SE PR9CIPLES & :I* CAN GIVE 
US IMM$IATE SALVATION4 ,NOT FAI? BUT DE$S--?AT1 ACCORD+ TO ,NIETZS*E1 IS ,*RI/'S MESSAGE4 ,FROM !N 
ON1 ! HI/ORY ( ,*RI/IANITY IS NO?+ BUT A LONG BETRAYAL ( 
?IS MESSAGE4 ,! ,NEW ,TE/AM5T IS ALREADY CORRUPT$1 & FROM ! TIME ( ,PAUL TO ! ,C\NCILS1 
SUBS]VI5CE TO FAI? LEADS TO ! NEGLECT ( DE$S4 

,:AT IS ! PR(\NDLY CORRUPT ADDITION MADE BY ,*RI/IANITY TO ! MESSAGE ( ITS ,MA/]8 ,! IDEA ( 
JUDGM5T1 COMPLETELY =EIGN TO ! TEA*+S ( ,*RI/1 & ! CORRELATIVE NOTIONS ( PUNI%M5T & 
REW>D4 ,FROM ?AT MOM5T NATURE BECOMES HI/ORY1 & SIGNIFICANT HI/ORY EXPRESS$ BY ! IDEA ( 
HUMAN TOTALITY IS BORN4 ,FROM ! ,ANNUNCIATION UNTIL ! ,LA/ ,JUDGM5T1 HUMANITY HAS NO O!R TASK BUT TO 
CON=M TO ! /RICTLY MORAL 5DS ( A N>RATIVE ?AT HAS ALREADY BE5 WRITT54 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE IS ?AT 
! *>ACT]S1 9 ! EPILOGUE1 SEP>ATE !MSELVES 9TO ! GOOD & ! BAD4 ,:ILE ,*RI/'S SOLE 
JUDGM5T CONSI/S 9 SAY+ ?AT ! S9S ( NATURE >E UNIMPORTANT1 HI/ORICAL ,*RI/IANITY MAKES NATURE 
! S\RCE ( S94 0,:AT DOES ,*RI/ D5Y8 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT AT PRES5T BE>S ! NAME ,*RI/IAN40 
,*RI/IANITY BELIEVES ?AT IT IS FI<T+ AGA9/ NIHILISM BECAUSE IT GIVES ! WORLD A S5SE ( DIRECTION1 
:ILE IT IS REALLY NIHILI/ ITSELF 9 SO F> AS1 BY IMPOS+ AN IMAG9>Y MEAN+ ON LIFE1 IT PREV5TS ! 
DISCOV]Y ( ITS REAL MEAN+3 0,EV]Y ,*UR* IS A /ONE ROLL$ ONTO ! TOMB ( ! MAN-GOD2 IT TRIES TO 
PREV5T ! RESURRECTION1 BY =CE40 ,NIETZS*E'S P>ADOXICAL BUT SIGNIFICANT CONCLUSION IS ?AT ,GOD HAS 
BE5 KILL$ BY ,*RI/IANITY1 9 ?AT ,*RI/IANITY HAS SECUL>IZ$ ! SACR$4 ,H]E WE MU/ UND]/& 
HI/ORICAL ,*RI/IANITY & 0ITS PR(\ND & CONTEMPTIBLE DUPLICITY40 

,! SAME PROCESS ( REASON+ LEADS TO ,NIETZS*E'S ATTITUDE T[>D SOCIALISM & ALL =MS ( 
HUMANIT>IANISM4 ,SOCIALISM IS ONLY A DEG5]ATE =M ( ,*RI/IANITY4 ,9 FACT1 IT PRES]VES A BELIEF 9 ! 
F9ALITY ( HI/ORY :I* BETRAYS LIFE & NATURE1 :I* SUB/ITUTES IDEAL 5DS = REAL 5DS1 & CONTRIBUTES 
TO 5]VAT+ BO? ! WILL & ! IMAG9ATION4 ,SOCIALISM IS NIHILI/IC1 9 ! H5CE=? PRECISE S5SE ?AT 
,NIETZS*E CONF]S ON ! WORD4 ,A NIHILI/ IS NOT ONE :O BELIEVES 9 NO?+1 BUT ONE :O DOES NOT 
BELIEVE 9 :AT EXI/S4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ALL =MS ( SOCIALISM >E MANIFE/ATIONS1 DEGRAD$ ONCE AGA91 ( 
,*RI/IAN DECAD5CE4 ,= ,*RI/IANITY1 REW>D & PUNI%M5T IMPLI$ ! EXI/5CE ( HI/ORY4 ,BUT1 BY 
9ESCAPABLE LOGIC1 ALL HI/ORY 5DS BY IMPLY+ PUNI%M5T & REW>D2 &1 FROM ?IS DAY ON1 COLLECTIVI/ ,MESSIANISM IS BORN4 
,SIMIL>LY1 ! EQUALITY ( S\LS BE=E ,GOD LEADS1 N[ ?AT ,GOD IS DEAD1 TO EQUALITY PURE & SIMPLE4 

,!RE AGA91 ,NIETZS*E WAGES W> AGA9/ SOCIALI/ DOCTR9ES 9 SO F> AS !Y >E MORAL DOCTR9ES4 
,NIHILISM1 :E!R MANIFE/$ 9 RELIGION OR 9 SOCIALI/ PREA*+S1 IS ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION ( \R SO- 
CALL$ SUP]IOR VALUES4 ,! FREE M9D WILL DE/ROY !SE VALUES & D5\NCE ! ILLUSIONS ON :I* !Y 
>E BUILT1 ! B>GA9+ ?AT !Y IMPLY1 & ! CRIME !Y COMMIT 9 PREV5T+ ! LUCID 9TELLIG5CE 
FROM ACCOMPLI%+ ITS MISSION3 TO TRANS=M PASSIVE NIHILISM 9TO ACTIVE NIHILISM4 

,9 ?IS WORLD RID ( ,GOD & ( MORAL IDOLS1 MAN IS N[ ALONE & )\T A MA/]4 ,NO ONE HAS BE5 LESS 
9CL9$ ?AN ,NIETZS*E 7& 9 ?IS WAY HE DI/+UI%ES HIMSELF FROM ! ROMANTICS7 TO LET IT BE BELIEV$ 
?AT SU* FRE$OM W\LD BE EASY4 ,?IS COMPLETE LIB]ATION PUT HIM AMONG ! RANKS ( ?OSE ( :OM HE 
HIMSELF SAID ?AT !Y SUFF]$ A NEW =M ( ANGUI% & A NEW =M ( HAPP9ESS4 ,BUT1 AT ! BEG9N+1 
IT IS ONLY ANGUI% ?AT MAKES HIM CRY \T3 0,ALAS1 GRANT ME MADNESS444 
,UNLESS ,I AM ABOVE ! LAW1 ,I AM 
! MO/ \TCA/ ( ALL \TCA/S40 ,HE :O CANNOT MA9TA9 HIS POSITION ABOVE ! LAW MU/ 9 FACT F9D 
ANO!R LAW OR TAKE REFUGE 9 MADNESS4 ,FROM ! MOM5T ?AT MAN BELIEVES NEI!R 9 ,GOD NOR 9 
IMMORTAL LIFE1 HE BECOMES 0RESPONSIBLE = EV]Y?+ ALIVE1 = EV]Y?+ ?AT1 BORN ( SUFF]+1 IS 
CONDEMN$ TO SUFF] FROM LIFE40 ,IT IS HE1 & HE ALONE1 :O MU/ DISCOV] LAW & ORD]4 ,!N ! TIME ( 
EXILE BEG9S1 ! 5DLESS SE>* = JU/IFICATION1 ! AIMLESS NO/ALGIA1 0! MO/ PA9FUL1 ! MO/ 
HE>TBREAK+ QUE/ION1 ?AT ( ! HE>T :I* ASKS ITSELF3 :]E CAN ,I FEEL AT HOME80 

,BECAUSE HIS M9D WAS FREE1 ,NIETZS*E KNEW ?AT FRE$OM ( ! M9D IS NOT A COM=T1 BUT AN A*IEVEM5T 
TO :I* ONE ASPIRES & AT LONG LA/ OBTA9S AFT] AN EXHAU/+ /RUGGLE4 ,HE KNEW ?AT 9 WANT+ TO 
CONSID] ONESELF ABOVE ! LAW1 !RE IS A GREAT RISK ( F9D+ ONESELF B5EA? ! LAW4 ,?AT IS :Y HE 
UND]/OOD ?AT ONLY ! M9D F\ND ITS REAL EMANCIPATION 9 ! ACCEPTANCE 
( NEW OBLIGATIONS4 ,! ESS5CE ( HIS DISCOV]Y CONSI/S 9 SAY+ ?AT IF ! ET]NAL LAW IS NOT FRE$OM1 
! ABS5CE ( LAW IS /ILL LESS SO4 ,IF NO?+ IS TRUE1 IF ! WORLD IS )\T ORD]1 !N NO?+ IS 
=BIDD52 TO PROHIBIT AN ACTION1 !RE MU/1 9 FACT1 BE A /&>D ( VALUES & AN AIM4 ,BUT1 AT ! SAME 
TIME1 NO?+ IS AU?ORIZ$2 !RE MU/ ALSO BE VALUES & AIMS 9 ORD] TO *OOSE ANO!R C\RSE ( 
ACTION4 ,ABSOLUTE DOM9ATION BY ! LAW DOES NOT REPRES5T LIB]TY1 BUT NO MORE DOES ABSOLUTE AN>*Y4 

,! SUM TOTAL ( EV]Y POSSIBILITY DOES NOT AM\NT TO LIB]TY1 BUT TO ATTEMPT ! IMPOSSIBLE AM\NTS TO 
SLAV]Y4 ,*AOS IS ALSO A =M ( S]VITUDE4 ,FRE$OM EXI/S ONLY 9 A WORLD :]E :AT IS POSSIBLE IS 
DEF9$ AT ! SAME TIME AS :AT IS NOT POSSIBLE4 ,)\T LAW !RE IS NO FRE$OM4 ,IF FATE IS NOT GUID$ BY 
SUP]IOR VALUES1 IF *ANCE IS K+1 !N !RE IS NO?+ BUT ! /EP 9 ! D>K & ! APPALL+ FRE$OM 
( ! BL9D4 ,ON ! PO9T ( A*IEV+ ! MO/ COMPLETE LIB]ATION1 ,NIETZS*E !RE=E *OOSES ! MO/ 
COMPLETE SUBORD9ATION4 0,IF WE DO NOT MAKE ( ,GOD'S DEA? A GREAT R5UNCIATION & A P]PETUAL VICTORY 
OV] \RSELVES1 WE %ALL HAVE TO PAY = ?AT OMISSION40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ) ,NIETZS*E1 REBELLION 5DS 9 
ASCETICISM4 ,A PR(\ND] LOGIC REPLACES ! 0IF NO?+ IS TRUE1 EV]Y?+ IS P]MITT$0 ( ,K>AMAZOV BY 
0IF NO?+ IS TRUE1 NO?+ IS P]MITT$40 ,TO D5Y ?AT ONE S+LE ?+ IS =BIDD5 9 ?IS WORLD AM\NTS 
TO R5\NC+ EV]Y?+ ?AT IS P]MITT$4 ,AT ! PO9T :]E IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE TO SAY :AT IS BLACK 
& :AT IS :ITE1 ! LI<T IS EXT+UI%$ & FRE$OM BECOMES A VOLUNT>Y PRISON4 

,IT CAN BE SAID ?AT ,NIETZS*E1 ) A K9D ( FRI<TFUL JOY1 RU%ES T[>D ! IMPASSE 9TO :I* HE 
ME?ODICALLY DRIVES HIS NIHILISM4 ,HIS AV[$ AIM IS TO R5D] ! SITUATION UNT5ABLE TO HIS 
CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,HIS ONLY HOPE SEEMS TO BE TO >RIVE AT ! EXTREMITY ( CONTRADICTION4 ,!N IF MAN DOES 
NOT WI% TO P]I% 9 ! COILS ?AT /RANGLE HIM1 HE WILL HAVE TO CUT !M AT A S+LE BL[ & CREATE HIS 
[N VALUES4 ,! DEA? ( ,GOD ACCOMPLI%ES NO?+ & CAN ONLY BE 5DUR$ 9 T]MS ( PREP>+ A 
RESURRECTION4 0,IF WE FAIL TO F9D GR&EUR 9 ,GOD10 SAYS ,NIETZS*E1 0WE F9D IT NO:]E2 IT MU/ BE D5I$ 
OR CREAT$40 ,TO D5Y IT WAS ! TASK ( ! WORLD >\ND HIM1 :I* HE SAW RU%+ T[>D SUICIDE4 ,TO 
CREATE WAS ! SUP]HUMAN TASK 
= :I* HE WAS WILL+ TO DIE4 ,HE KNEW 9 FACT ?AT CREATION IS ONLY POSSIBLE 9 ! EXTREMITY ( SOLITUDE 
& ?AT MAN W\LD ONLY COMMIT HIMSELF TO ?IS /AGG]+ TASK IF1 9 ! MO/ EXTREME DI/RESS ( M9D1 
HE WAS COMPELL$ TO UND]TAKE IT OR P]I%4 ,NIETZS*E CRIES \T TO MAN ?AT ! ONLY TRU? IS ! WORLD1 TO 
:I* HE MU/ BE FAI?FUL & 9 :I* HE MU/ LIVE & F9D HIS SALVATION4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME HE 
TEA*ES HIM ?AT TO LIVE 9 A LAWLESS WORLD IS IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE TO LIVE EXPLICITLY IMPLIES A LAW4 ,H[ CAN 
ONE LIVE FREELY & )\T LAW8 ,TO ?IS 5IGMA MAN MU/ F9D AN ANSW]1 ON PA9 ( DEA?4 

,NIETZS*E AT LEA/ DOES NOT FL9*4 ,HE ANSW]S & HIS ANSW] IS BOLD3 ,DAMOCLES NEV] DANC$ BETT] ?AN 
B5EA? ! SWORD4 ,ONE MU/ ACCEPT ! UNACCEPTABLE & HOLD TO ! UNT5ABLE4 ,FROM ! MOM5T ?AT IT 
IS ADMITT$ ?AT ! WORLD PURSUES NO 5D1 ,NIETZS*E PROPOSES TO CONC$E ITS 9NOC5CE1 TO AFFIRM ?AT IT 
ACCEPTS NO JUDGM5T S9CE IT CANNOT BE JUDG$ ON ANY 9T5TION1 & CONSEQU5TLY TO REPLACE ALL JUDGM5TS 
BAS$ ON VALUES BY ABSOLUTE ASS5T1 & BY A COMPLETE & EXALT$ ALLEGIANCE TO ?IS WORLD4 ,?US FROM 
ABSOLUTE DESPAIR WILL SPR+ 9F9ITE JOY1 FROM BL9D S]VITUDE1 UNB\ND$ FRE$OM4 ,TO BE FREE IS1 
PRECISELY1 TO ABOLI% 5DS4 ,! 9NOC5CE ( ! CEASELESS *ANGE ( ?+S1 AS SOON AS ONE CONS5TS TO IT1 
REPRES5TS ! MAXIMUM LIB]TY4 ,! FREE M9D WILL+LY ACCEPTS :AT IS NECESS>Y4 ,NIETZS*E'S MO/ 
PR(\ND CONCEPT IS ?AT ! NECESSITY ( PH5OM5A1 IF IT IS ABSOLUTE1 )\T RIFTS1 DOES NOT IMPLY ANY 
K9D ( RE/RA9T4 ,TOTAL ACCEPTANCE ( TOTAL NECESSITY IS HIS P>ADOXICAL DEF9ITION ( FRE$OM4 ,! QUE/ION 
0FREE ( :AT80 IS ?US REPLAC$ BY 0FREE = :AT80 ,LIB]TY CO9CIDES ) H]OISM4 ,IT IS ! ASCETICISM ( 
! GREAT MAN1 0! B[ B5T TO ! BREAK+-PO9T40 

,?IS MAGNIFIC5T CONS5T1 BORN ( ABUNDANCE & FULLNESS ( SPIRIT1 IS ! UNRES]V$ AFFIRMATION ( 
HUMAN IMP]FECTION & SUFF]+1 ( EVIL & MURD]1 ( ALL ?AT IS PROBLEMATIC & /RANGE 9 \R 
EXI/5CE4 ,IT IS BORN ( AN >RE/$ WI% TO BE :AT ONE IS 9 A WORLD ?AT IS :AT IT IS4 0,TO CONSID] ONESELF 
A FATALITY1 NOT TO WI% TO BE O!R ?AN ONE IS 4 4 40 ,NIETZS*EAN ASCETICISM1 :I* BEG9S ) ! 
RECOGNITION ( FATALITY1 5DS 9 A DEIFICATION ( FATE4 ,! MORE IMPLACABLE DE/9Y IS1 ! MORE IT 
BECOMES WOR?Y ( ADORATION4 ,A MORAL ,GOD1 PITY1 & LOVE >E 5EMIES ( FATE TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y TRY 
TO C\NT]BALANCE IT4 ,NIETZS*E WANTS NO R$EMPTION4 ,! JOY ( SELF-REALIZATION IS ! JOY ( ANNIHILATION4 

,BUT ONLY ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ANNIHILAT$4 ,! MOVEM5T ( REBELLION1 BY :I* MAN DEM&$ HIS [N 
EXI/5CE1 DISAPPE>S 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL'S ABSOLUTE SUBMISSION TO ! 9EVITABLE4 ,AMOR FATI REPLACES :AT 
WAS AN ODIUM FATI4 0,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL COLLABORATES ) ! 5TIRE COSMOS1 :E!R WE KN[ IT OR NOT1 
:E!R WE WANT IT OR NOT40 ,! 9DIVIDUAL IS LO/ 9 ! DE/9Y ( ! SPECIES & ! ET]NAL MOVEM5T 
( ! SPH]ES4 0,EV]Y?+ ?AT HAS EXI/$ IS ET]NAL1 ! SEA ?R[S IT BACK ON ! %ORE40 
,NIETZS*E !N TURNS TO ! ORIG9S ( ?\<T--TO ! PRE-,SOCRATICS4 ,!SE PHILOSOPH]S SUPPRESS$ 
ULTIMATE 
CAUSES SO AS TO LEAVE 9TACT ! ET]NAL VALUES ( ! PR9CIPLES !Y UPHELD4 ,ONLY P[] )\T PURPOSE1 
ONLY ,H]ACLITUS' 0*ANCE10 IS ET]NAL4 ,NIETZS*E'S :OLE EF=T IS DIRECT$ T[>D DEMON/RAT+ ! 
EXI/5CE ( ! LAW ?AT GOV]NS ! ET]NAL FLUX & ( ! ELEM5T ( *ANCE 9 ! 9EVITABLE3 0,A *ILD 
IS 9NOC5CE & =GETFULNESS1 A NEW BEG9N+1 A GAMBLE1 A :EEL ?AT SP9S AUTOMATICALLY1 A FIR/ /EP1 ! DIV9E GIFT ( BE+ ABLE TO CONS5T40 ,! WORLD IS DIV9E BECAUSE ! WORLD IS 
9CONSEQU5TIAL4 ,?AT IS :Y >T ALONE1 BY BE+ EQUALLY 9CONSEQU5TIAL1 IS CAPABLE ( GRASP+ IT4 ,IT IS 
IMPOSSIBLE TO GIVE A CLE> ACC\NT ( ! WORLD1 BUT >T CAN TEA* US TO REPRODUCE IT-- JU/ AS ! WORLD 
REPRODUCES ITSELF 9 ! C\RSE ( ITS ET]NAL GYRATIONS4 ,! PRIMORDIAL SEA 9DEFATIGABLY REPEATS ! SAME 
WORDS & CA/S UP ! SAME A/ONI%$ BE+S ON ! SAME SEA%ORE4 ,BUT AT LEA/ HE :O CONS5TS TO HIS 
[N RETURN & TO ! RETURN ( ALL ?+S1 :O BECOMES AN E*O & AN EXALT$ E*O1 P>TICIPATES 9 ! 
DIV9ITY ( ! WORLD4 

,BY ?IS SUBT]FUGE1 ! DIV9ITY ( MAN IS F9ALLY 9TRODUC$4 ,! REBEL1 :O AT FIR/ D5IES ,GOD1 F9ALLY 
ASPIRES TO REPLACE ,HIM4 ,BUT ,NIETZS*E'S MESSAGE IS ?AT ! REBEL CAN ONLY BECOME ,GOD BY R5\NC+ 
EV]Y =M ( REBELLION1 EV5 ! TYPE ( REBELLION ?AT PRODUCES GODS TO *A/ISE HUMANITY4 0,IF !RE IS A 
,GOD1 H[ CAN ONE TOL]ATE NOT BE+ ,GOD ONESELF80 ,!RE IS1 9 FACT1 A GOD-- NAMELY1 ! WORLD4 ,TO 
P>TICIPATE 9 ITS DIV9ITY1 ALL ?AT 
IS NECESS>Y IS TO CONS5T4 0,NO LONG] TO PRAY1 BUT TO GIVE ONE'S BLESS+10 & ! E>? WILL AB\ND 9 
M5-GODS4 ,TO SAY YES TO ! WORLD1 TO REPRODUCE IT1 IS SIMULTANE\SLY TO RE-CREATE ! WORLD & ONESELF1 TO 
BECOME ! GREAT >TI/1 ! CREATOR4 ,NIETZS*E'S MESSAGE IS SUMM$ UP 9 ! WORD CREATION1 ) ! 
AMBIGU\S MEAN+ IT HAS ASSUM$4 ,NIETZS*E'S SOLE ADMIRATION WAS = ! EGOTISM & SEV]ITY PROP] 
TO ALL CREATORS4 ,! TRANSMUTATION ( VALUES CONSI/S ONLY 9 REPLAC+ CRITICAL VALUES BY CREATIVE VALUES2 BY 
RESPECT & ADMIRATION = :AT EXI/S4 ,DIV9ITY )\T IMMORTALITY DEF9ES ! EXT5T ( ! CREATOR'S 
FRE$OM4 ,DIONYSOS1 ! E>?-GOD1 %RIEKS ET]NALLY AS HE IS TORN LIMB FROM LIMB4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME HE 
REPRES5TS ! AGONIZ$ BEAUTY ?AT CO9CIDES ) SUFF]+4 ,NIETZS*E ?\<T ?AT TO ACCEPT ?IS E>? 
& ,DIONYSOS WAS TO ACCEPT HIS [N SUFF]+S4 ,& TO ACCEPT EV]Y?+1 BO? SUFF]+ & ! SUPREME 
CONTRADICTION SIMULTANE\SLY1 WAS TO BE K+ ( ALL CREATION4 ,NIETZS*E AGRE$ TO PAY ! PRICE = HIS 
K+DOM4 ,ONLY ! 0SAD & SUFF]+0 WORLD IS TRUE--! WORLD IS ! ONLY DIV9ITY4 ,LIKE ,EMP$OCLES1 
:O ?REW HIMSELF 9TO ! CRAT] ( ,M\NT ,ETNA TO F9D TRU? 9 ! ONLY PLACE :]E IT EXI/S-- NAMELY1 
9 ! B[ELS ( ! E>?--,NIETZS*E PROPOS$ ?AT MAN %\LD ALL[ HIMSELF TO BE 5GULF$ 9 ! 
COSMOS 9 ORD] TO R$ISCOV] HIS ET]NAL DIV9ITY & TO BECOME ,DIONYSOS4 ,! ,WILL TO ,P[] 5DS1 LIKE 
,PASCAL'S ,P5SEES1 ( :I* IT SO (T5 REM9DS US1 ) A WAG]4 ,MAN DOES NOT YET OBTA9 ASSURANCE BUT 
ONLY ! WI% = ASSURANCE1 :I* IS NOT AT ALL ! SAME ?+4 ,NIETZS*E1 TOO1 HESITAT$ ON ?IS BR9K3 
0,?AT IS :AT IS UN=GIVABLE 9 Y\4 ,Y\ HAVE ! AU?ORITY & Y\ REFUSE TO SIGN40 ,YET F9ALLY HE HAD TO 
SIGN4 ,BUT ! NAME ( ,DIONYSOS IMMORTALIZ$ ONLY ! NOTES TO ,>IADNE1 :I* HE WROTE :5 HE WAS 
MAD4 

,9 A C]TA9 S5SE1 REBELLION1 ) ,NIETZS*E1 5DS AGA9 9 ! EXALTATION ( EVIL4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT EVIL 
IS NO LONG] A REV5GE4 ,IT IS ACCEPT$ AS ONE ( ! POSSIBLE ASPECTS ( GOOD &1 ) RA!R MORE 
CONVICTION1 AS P>T ( DE/9Y4 ,?US HE CONSID]S IT AS SOME?+ TO BE AVOID$ & ALSO AS A SORT ( 
REM$Y4 ,9 ,NIETZS*E'S M9D1 ! ONLY PROBLEM WAS TO SEE ?AT ! HUMAN SPIRIT B[$ 
PR\DLY TO ! 9EVITABLE4 ,WE KN[1 H[EV]1 HIS PO/]ITY & :AT K9D ( POLITICS W]E TO CLAIM ! 
AU?ORIZATION ( ! MAN :O CLAIM$ TO BE ! LA/ ANTIPOLITICAL ,G]MAN4 ,HE DREAM$ ( TYRANTS :O 
W]E >TI/S4 ,BUT TYRANNY COMES MORE NATURALLY ?AN >T TO M$IOCRE M54 0,RA!R ,CES>E ,BORGIA ?AN 
,P>SIFAL10 HE EXCLAIM$4 ,HE BEGAT BO? ,CES> & ,BORGIA1 BUT DEVOID ( ! DI/9CTION ( FEEL+ :I* 
HE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! GREAT M5 ( ! ,R5AISSANCE4 ,AS A RESULT ( HIS 9SI/5CE ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL %\LD 
B[ BE=E ! ET]NITY ( ! SPECIES & %\LD SUBM]GE HIMSELF 9 ! GREAT CYCLE ( TIME1 RACE HAS 
BE5 TURN$ 9TO A SPECIAL ASPECT ( ! SPECIES1 & ! 9DIVIDUAL HAS BE5 MADE TO B[ BE=E ?IS 
SORDID GOD4 ,! LIFE ( :I* HE SPOKE ) FE> & TREMBL+ HAS BE5 DEGRAD$ TO A SORT ( BIOLOGY = 
DOME/IC USE4 ,F9ALLY1 A RACE ( VULG> OV]LORDS1 ) A BLUND]+ DESIRE = P[]1 ADOPT$1 9 HIS 
NAME1 ! 0ANTI-,SEMITIC DE=MITY0 ON :I* HE NEV] CEAS$ TO P\R SCORN4 

,HE BELIEV$ 9 C\RAGE COMB9$ ) 9TELLIG5CE1 & ?AT WAS :AT HE CALL$ /R5G?4 ,C\RAGE HAS 
BE5 TURN$ 9 HIS NAME AGA9/ 9TELLIG5CE1 & ! VIRTUES ?AT W]E REALLY HIS HAVE ?US BE5 
TRANS=M$ 9TO !IR OPPOSITE3 BL9D VIOL5CE4 ,HE CONFUS$ FRE$OM & SOLITUDE1 AS DO ALL PR\D SPIRITS4 

,HIS 0PR(\ND SOLITUDE AT MIDDAY & AT MIDNI<T0 WAS NEV]!LESS LO/ 9 ! ME*ANIZ$ HORDES ?AT 
F9ALLY 9UNDAT$ ,EUROPE4 ,ADVOCATE ( CLASSIC TA/E1 ( IRONY1 ( FRUGAL DEFIANCE1 >I/OCRAT :O HAD ! 
C\RAGE TO SAY ?AT >I/OCRACY CONSI/$ 9 PRACTIC+ VIRTUE )\T ASK+ = A REASON & ?AT A MAN 
:O HAD TO HAVE REASONS = BE+ HONE/ WAS NOT TO BE TRU/$1 ADDICT ( 9TEGRITY 709TEGRITY ?AT HAS 
BECOME AN 9/9CT1 A PASSION071 /UBBORN SUPPORT] ( ! 0SUPREME EQUITY ( ! SUPREME 9TELLIG5CE 
?AT IS ! MORTAL 5EMY ( FANATICISM10 HE WAS SET UP1 ?IRTY-?REE YE>S AFT] HIS DEA?1 BY HIS [N 
C\NTRYM5 AS ! MA/] ( LIES & VIOL5CE1 & HIS IDEAS & VIRTUES1 MADE ADMIRABLE BY HIS SACRIFICE1 
HAVE BE5 R5D]$ DETE/ABLE4 ,9 ! HI/ORY ( ! 9TELLIG5CE1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( ,M>X1 ,NIETZS*E'S 
ADV5TURE HAS NO EQUIVAL5T2 WE %ALL NEV] F9I% MAK+ REP>ATION = ! 9JU/ICE DONE TO HIM4 ,( 
C\RSE HI/ORY RECORDS O!R PHILOSOPHIES ?AT HAVE BE5 MISCON/RU$ & BETRAY$4 ,BUT UP TO ! TIME ( 
,NIETZS*E & ,NATIONAL 
,SOCIALISM1 IT WAS QUITE )\T P>ALLEL ?AT A PROCESS ( ?\<T--BRILLIANTLY ILLUM9AT$ BY ! NOBILITY 
& BY ! SUFF]+S ( AN EXCEPTIONAL M9D--%\LD HAVE BE5 DEMON/RAT$ TO ! EYES ( ! WORLD BY 
A P>ADE ( LIES & BY ! HIDE\S ACCUMULATION ( CORPSES 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,! DOCTR9E ( ! 
SUP]MAN L$ TO ! ME?ODICAL CREATION ( SUB-M5--A FACT ?AT D\BTLESS %\LD BE D5\NC$1 BUT 
:I* ALSO DEM&S 9T]PRETATION4 ,IF ! F9AL RESULT ( ! GREAT MOVEM5T ( REBELLION 9 ! N9ETE5? 
& TW5TIE? C5TURIES WAS TO BE ?IS RU?LESS BONDAGE1 !N SURELY REBELLION %\LD BE REJECT$ & 
,NIETZS*E'S DESP]ATE CRY TO HIS CONTEMPOR>IES TAK5 UP3 0,MY CONSCI5CE & Y\RS >E NO LONG] ! 
SAME CONSCI5CE40 

,WE MU/ FIR/ ( ALL REALIZE ?AT WE CAN NEV] CONFUSE ,NIETZS*E ) ,ROS5B]G4 ,WE MU/ BE ! 
ADVOCATES ( ,NIETZS*E4 ,HE HIMSELF HAS SAID SO1 D5\NC+ 9 ADVANCE HIS BA/>D PROG5Y3 0HE :O HAS 
LIB]AT$ HIS M9D /ILL HAS TO PURIFY HIMSELF40 ,BUT ! QUE/ION IS TO F9D \T IF ! LIB]ATION ( ! M9D1 
AS HE CONCEIV$ IT1 DOES NOT PRECLUDE PURIFICATION4 ,! V]Y MOVEM5T ?AT COMES TO A HEAD ) 
,NIETZS*E1 & ?AT SU/A9S HIM1 HAS ITS LAWS & ITS LOGIC1 :I*1 P]HAPS1 EXPLA9 ! BLOODY TRAVE/Y ( 
HIS PHILOSOPHY4 ,IS !RE NO?+ 9 HIS WORK ?AT CAN BE US$ 9 SUPPORT ( DEF9ITIVE MURD]8 ,CANNOT ! 
KILL]S1 PROVID$ !Y D5Y ! SPIRIT 9 FAVOR ( ! LETT] 7& EV5 ALL ?AT REMA9S ( ! SPIRIT 9 ! 
LETT]71 F9D !IR PRETEXT 9 ,NIETZS*E8 ,! ANSW] MU/ BE YES4 ,FROM ! MOM5T ?AT ! ME?ODICAL 
ASPECT ( ,NIETZS*EAN ?\<T IS NEGLECT$ 7& IT IS NOT C]TA9 ?AT HE HIMSELF ALWAYS OBS]V$ IT71 HIS 
REBELLI\S LOGIC KN[S NO B\NDS4 

,WE ALSO REM>K ?AT IT IS NOT 9 ! ,NIETZS*EAN REFUSAL TO WOR%IP IDOLS ?AT MURD] F9DS ITS JU/IFICATION1 
BUT 9 ! PASSIONATE APPROBATION ?AT DI/+UI%ES ,NIETZS*E'S WORK4 ,TO SAY YES TO EV]Y?+ SUPPOSES 
?AT ONE SAYS YES TO MURD]4 ,MOREOV]1 IT EXPRESSES TWO WAYS ( CONS5T+ TO MURD]4 ,IF ! SLAVE SAYS 
YES TO EV]Y?+1 HE CONS5TS TO ! EXI/5CE ( A MA/] & TO HIS [N SUFF]+S3 ,JESUS TEA*ES 
NONRESI/ANCE4 ,IF ! MA/] SAYS YES TO EV]Y?+1 HE CONS5TS TO SLAV]Y & TO ! SUFF]+ ( O!RS2 
& ! RESULT IS ! TYRANT & ! GLORIFICATION ( MURD]4 0,IS IT NOT LAU<ABLE ?AT WE BELIEVE 9 A SACR$1 
9FRANGIBLE 
LAW--?\ %ALT NOT LIE1 ?\ %ALT NOT KILL--9 AN EXI/5CE *>ACT]IZ$ BY P]PETUAL LY+ & P]PETUAL 
MURD]80 ,ACTUALLY METAPHYSICAL REBELLION1 9 ITS 9ITIAL /AGES1 WAS ONLY A PROTE/ AGA9/ ! LIE & ! 
CRIME ( EXI/5CE4 ,! ,NIETZS*EAN AFFIRMATIVE1 =GETFUL ( ! ORIG9AL NEGATIVE1 DISAV[S REBELLION AT 
! SAME TIME ?AT IT DISAV[S ! E?IC ?AT REFUSES TO ACCEPT ! WORLD AS IT IS4 ,NIETZS*E CLAMOR$ = A 
,ROMAN ,CES> ) ! S\L ( ,*RI/4 ,TO HIS M9D1 ?IS WAS TO SAY YES TO BO? SLAVE & MA/]4 ,BUT1 9 
! LA/ ANALYSIS1 TO SAY YES TO BO? WAS TO GIVE ONE'S BLESS+ TO ! /RONG] ( ! TWO--NAMELY1 ! 
MA/]4 ,CES> MU/ 9EVITABLY R5\NCE ! DOM9ATION ( ! M9D & *OOSE TO RULE 9 ! REALM ( 
FACT4 0,H[ CAN ONE MAKE ! BE/ ( CRIME80 ASKS ,NIETZS*E1 AS A GOOD PR(ESSOR FAI?FUL TO HIS SY/EM4 
,CES> MU/ ANSW]3 BY MULTIPLY+ IT4 0,:5 ! 5DS >E GREAT10 ,NIETZS*E WROTE TO HIS [N DETRIM5T1 
0HUMANITY EMPLOYS O!R /&>DS & NO LONG] JUDGES CRIME AS SU* EV5 IF IT RESORTS TO ! MO/ 
FRI<TFUL MEANS40 ,HE DI$ 9 #a#i1 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! C5TURY 9 :I* ?AT PRET5SION WAS TO BECOME 
FATAL4 ,IT WAS 9 VA9 ?AT HE EXCLAIM$ 9 HIS H\R ( LUCIDITY1 0,IT IS EASY TO TALK AB\T ALL SORTS ( IMMORAL 
ACTS2 BUT W\LD ONE HAVE ! C\RAGE TO C>RY !M ?R\<8 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,I C\LD NOT BE> TO BREAK MY 
WORD OR TO KILL2 ,I %\LD LANGUI%1 & EV5TUALLY ,I %\LD DIE AS A RESULT--?AT W\LD BE MY FATE40 ,FROM 
! MOM5T ?AT ASS5T WAS GIV5 TO ! TOTALITY ( HUMAN EXP]I5CE1 ! WAY WAS OP5 TO O!RS :O1 
F> FROM LANGUI%+1 W\LD GA!R /R5G? FROM LIES & MURD]4 ,NIETZS*E'S RESPONSIBILITY LIES 9 HAV+ 
LEGITIMIZ$1 = REASONS ( ME?OD--& EV5 IF ONLY = AN 9/ANT--! OPPORTUNITY = DI%ONE/Y ( 
:I* ,DO/OIEVSKY HAD ALREADY SAID ?AT IF ONE (F]$ IT TO PEOPLE1 ONE C\LD ALWAYS BE SURE ( SEE+ 
!M RU%+ TO SEIZE IT4 ,BUT HIS 9VOLUNT>Y RESPONSIBILITY GOES /ILL F>!R4 

,NIETZS*E IS EXACTLY :AT HE RECOGNIZ$ HIMSELF AS BE+3 ! MO/ ACUTE MANIFE/ATION ( NIHILISM'S 
CONSCI5CE4 ,! DECISIVE /EP ?AT HE COMPELL$ REBELLION TO TAKE CONSI/S 9 MAK+ IT JUMP FROM ! 
NEGATION ( ! IDEAL TO ! SECUL>IZATION ( ! IDEAL4 ,S9CE ! SALVATION ( MAN IS NOT A*IEV$ 9 ,GOD1 
IT MU/ BE A*IEV$ ON E>?4 ,S9CE ! WORLD HAS NO DIRECTION1 MAN1 FROM ! MOM5T 
HE ACCEPTS ?IS1 MU/ GIVE IT ONE ?AT WILL EV5TUALLY LEAD TO A SUP]IOR TYPE ( HUMANITY4 ,NIETZS*E LAID 
CLAIM TO ! DIRECTION ( ! FUTURE ( ! HUMAN RACE4 0,! TASK ( GOV]N+ ! WORLD IS GO+ TO FALL TO 
\R LOT40 ,& ELSE:]E3 0,! TIME IS APPROA*+ :5 WE %ALL HAVE TO /RUGGLE = ! DOM9ATION ( 
! WORLD1 & ?IS /RUGGLE WILL BE F\<T 9 ! NAME ( PHILOSOPHICAL PR9CIPLES40 ,9 !SE WORDS HE 
ANN\NC$ ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,BUT HE WAS ABLE TO ANN\NCE IT BECAUSE HE WAS W>N$ BY ! 9T]IOR 
LOGIC ( NIHILISM & KNEW ?AT ONE ( ITS AIMS WAS ASC5DANCY2 & ?US HE PREP>$ ! WAY = ?IS 
ASC5DANCY4 

,!RE IS FRE$OM = MAN )\T ,GOD1 AS ,NIETZS*E IMAG9$ HIM2 9 O!R WORDS1 = ! SOLIT>Y MAN4 

,!RE IS FRE$OM AT MIDDAY :5 ! :EEL ( ! WORLD /OPS SP9N+ & MAN CONS5TS TO ?+S AS 
!Y >E4 ,BUT :AT IS BECOMES :AT WILL BE1 & ! CEASELESS *ANGE ( ?+S MU/ BE ACCEPT$4 ,! 
LI<T F9ALLY GR[S DIM1 ! AXIS ( ! DAY DECL9ES4 ,!N HI/ORY BEG9S AGA9 & FRE$OM MU/ BE 
S\<T 9 HI/ORY2 HI/ORY MU/ BE ACCEPT$4 ,NIETZS*EISM--! !ORY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S WILL TO P[]-- 
WAS CONDEMN$ TO SUPPORT ! UNIV]SAL WILL TO P[]4 ,NIETZS*EISM WAS NO?+ )\T WORLD 
DOM9ATION4 ,NIETZS*E UND\BT$LY HAT$ FREE?9K]S & HUMANIT>IANS4 ,HE TOOK ! WORDS FRE$OM ( 
?\<T 9 !IR MO/ EXTREME S5SE3 ! DIV9ITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL M9D4 ,BUT HE C\LD NOT /OP ! 
FREE?9K]S FROM P>TAK+ ( ! SAME HI/ORICAL FACT AS HIMSELF--! DEA? ( ,GOD--NOR C\LD HE 
PREV5T ! CONSEQU5CES BE+ ! SAME4 ,NIETZS*E SAW CLE>LY ?AT HUMANIT>IANISM WAS ONLY A =M ( 
,*RI/IANITY DEPRIV$ ( SUP]IOR JU/IFICATION1 :I* PRES]V$ F9AL CAUSES :ILE REJECT+ ! FIR/ CAUSE4 

,BUT HE FAIL$ TO P]CEIVE ?AT ! DOCTR9ES ( SOCIALI/ EMANCIPATION MU/1 BY AN 9EVITABLE LOGIC ( 
NIHILISM1 LEAD TO :AT HE HIMSELF HAD DREAM$ (3 SUP]HUMANITY4 

,PHILOSOPHY SECUL>IZES ! IDEAL4 ,BUT TYRANTS APPE> :O SOON SECUL>IZE ! PHILOSOPHIES ?AT GIVE !M 
! RI<T TO DO SO4 ,NIETZS*E HAD ALREADY PR$ICT$ ?IS DEVELOPM5T 9 DISCUSS+ ,HEGEL1 :OSE 
ORIG9ALITY1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 CONSI/$ 9 9V5T+ A PAN!ISM 9 :I* EVIL1 ]ROR1 & SUFF]+ C\LD 
NO LONG] S]VE AS >GUM5TS AGA9/ ! DIV9ITY4 0,BUT ! ,/ATE1 ! P[]S ?AT BE1 
IMM$IATELY MADE USE ( ?IS GR&IOSE 9ITIATIVE40 ,HE HIMSELF1 H[EV]1 HAD CONCEIV$ ( A SY/EM 9 
:I* CRIME C\LD NO LONG] S]VE AS AN >GUM5T & 9 :I* ! ONLY VALUE RESID$ 9 ! DIV9ITY ( 
MAN4 ,?IS GR&IOSE 9ITIATIVE ALSO HAD TO BE PUT TO USE4 ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM 9 ?IS RESPECT WAS ONLY A 
TRANSITORY HEIR1 ONLY ! SPECULATIVE & RABID \TCOME ( NIHILISM4 ,9 ALL O!R RESPECTS ?OSE :O1 9 
CORRECT+ ,NIETZS*E ) ! HELP ( ,M>X1 WILL *OOSE TO ASS5T ONLY TO HI/ORY1 & NO LONG] TO ALL ( 
CREATION1 WILL BE P]FECTLY LOGICAL4 ,! REBEL :OM ,NIETZS*E SET ON HIS KNESS BE=E ! COSMOS WILL1 
FROM N[ ON1 KNEEL BE=E HI/ORY4 ,:AT IS SURPRIS+ AB\T ?AT8 ,NIETZS*E1 AT LEA/ 9 HIS !ORY ( 
SUP]-HUMANITY1 & ,M>X BE=E HIM1 ) HIS CLASSLESS SOCIETY1 BO? REPLACE ! ,BEYOND BY ! ,LAT] 
,ON4 ,9 ?AT WAY ,NIETZS*E BETRAY$ ! ,GREEKS & ! TEA*+S ( ,JESUS1 :O1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 
REPLAC$ ! ,BEYOND BY ! ,IMM$IATE4 ,M>X1 LIKE ,NIETZS*E1 ?\<T 9 /RATEGIC T]MS1 & LIKE 
,NIETZS*E HAT$ =MAL VIRTUE4 ,!IR TWO REBELLIONS1 BO? ( :I* F9I% SIMIL>LY 9 ADHESION TO A C]TA9 
ASPECT ( REALITY1 5D BY M]G+ 9TO ,M>XISM-,L59ISM & BE+ 9C>NAT$ 9 ?AT CA/E1 ALREADY 
M5TION$ BY ,NIETZS*E1 :I* W\LD 0REPLACE ! PRIE/1 ! TEA*]1 ! DOCTOR40 ,! FUNDAM5TAL 
DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ,NIETZS*E1 9 AWAIT+ ! SUP]MAN1 PROPOS$ TO ASS5T TO :AT EXI/S & ,M>X TO :AT 
IS TO COME4 ,= ,M>X1 NATURE IS TO BE SUBJUGAT$ 9 ORD] TO OBEY HI/ORY2 = ,NIETZS*E1 NATURE IS TO BE 
OBEY$ 9 ORD] TO SUBJUGATE HI/ORY4 ,IT IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN & ! ,GREEK4 ,NIETZS*E1 
AT LEA/1 =ESAW :AT WAS GO+ TO HAPP53 0,MOD]N SOCIALISM T5DS TO CREATE A =M ( SECUL> 
,JESUITISM1 TO MAKE 9/RUM5TS ( ALL M502 & AGA93 0,:AT WE DESIRE IS WELL-BE+444 
,AS A RESULT WE 
M>* T[>D A SPIRITUAL SLAV]Y SU* AS HAS NEV] BE5 SE5444 
,9TELLECTUAL ,CAES>ISM HOV]S OV] 
EV]Y ACTIVITY ( ! BUS9ESSMAN & ! PHILOSOPH]40 ,PLAC$ 9 ! CRUCIBLE ( ,NIETZS*EAN PHILOSOPHY1 
REBELLION1 9 ! 9TOXICATION ( FRE$OM1 5DS 9 BIOLOGICAL OR HI/ORICAL ,CAES>ISM4 ,! ABSOLUTE NEGATIVE 
HAD DRIV5 ,/IRN] TO DEIFY CRIME SIMULTANE\SLY ) ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,BUT ! ABSOLUTE AFFIRMATIVE LEADS TO 
UNIV]SALIZ+ MURD] & MANK9D SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,M>XISM-,L59ISM HAS REALLY ACCEPT$ ! BURD5 
( ,NIETZS*E'S FREEWILL BY MEANS ( IGNOR+ SEV]AL ,NIETZS*EAN VIRTUES4 ,! GREAT REBEL ?US CREATES ) 
HIS [N H&S1 & = HIS [N IMPRISONM5T1 ! IMPLACABLE REIGN ( NECESSITY4 ,ONCE HE HAD ESCAP$ 
FROM ,GOD'S PRISON1 HIS FIR/ C>E WAS TO CON/RUCT ! PRISON ( HI/ORY & ( REASON1 ?US PUTT+ ! 
F9I%+ T\* TO ! CAM\FLAGE & CONSECRATION ( ! NIHILISM :OSE CONQUE/ HE CLAIM$4 

,! ,POETS' ,REBELLION 

,IF METAPHYSICAL REBELLION REFUSES TO ASS5T & RE/RICTS ITSELF TO ABSOLUTE 
NEGATION1 IT CONDEMNS ITSELF TO PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE4 ,IF IT PRO/RATES ITSELF 9 ADORATION ( :AT EXI/S & 
R5\NCES ITS RI<T TO DISPUTE ANY P>T ( REALITY1 IT IS SOON] OR LAT] COMPELL$ TO ACT4 ,IVAN ,K>A-MAZOV-- 
:O REPRES5TS NON9T]F]5CE1 BUT 9 A DOLOR\S ASPECT--/&S HALFWAY BETWE5 ! TWO POSITIONS4 

,REBEL POETRY1 AT ! 5D ( ! N9ETE5? & ! BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 CON/ANTLY OSCILLAT$ 
BETWE5 !SE TWO EXTREMES3 BETWE5 LIT]ATURE & ! WILL TO P[]1 BETWE5 ! IRRATIONAL & ! 
RATIONAL1 ! DESP]ATE DREAM & RU?LESS ACTION4 ,! REBEL POETS--ABOVE ALL1 ! SURREALI/S--LI<T ! 
WAY ?AT LEADS FROM PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE TO ACTION1 ALONG A SPECTACUL> %ORT-CUT4 

,HAW?ORNE WAS ABLE TO SAY ( ,MELVILLE ?AT1 AS AN UNBELIEV]1 HE WAS EXTREMELY UNEASY 9 HIS UNBELIEF4 ,IT 
CAN EQUALLY WELL BE SAID ( ! POETS :O RU%$ TO ASSAULT ! HEAV5S1 ) ! 9T5T ( TURN+ 
EV]Y?+ UPSIDE D[N1 ?AT BY SO DO+ !Y AFFIRM$ !IR DESP]ATE NO/ALGIA = ORD]4 ,AS AN ULTIMATE 
CONTRADICTION1 !Y WANT$ TO EXTRACT REASON FROM UNREASON & TO SY/EMIZE ! IRRATIONAL4 ,!SE HEIRS 
( ROMANTICISM CLAIM$ TO MAKE POETRY EXEMPL>Y & TO F9D1 9 ITS MO/ H>R[+ ASPECTS1 ! REAL WAY 
( LIFE4 ,!Y DEIFI$ BLASPHEMY & TRANS=M$ POETRY 9TO EXP]I5CE & 9TO A MEANS ( ACTION4 ,UNTIL 
!IR TIME ?OSE :O CLAIM$ TO 9FLU5CE M5 & EV5TS1 AT LEA/ 9 ! ,OCCID5T1 DID SO 9 ! NAME ( 
RATIONAL RULES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 SURREALISM1 AFT] ,RIMBAUD1 WANT$ TO F9D CON/RUCTIVE RULES 9 9SANITY 
& DE/RUCTION4 ,RIMBAUD1 ?R\< HIS WORK & ONLY 
?R\< HIS WORK1 PO9T$ \T ! PA?1 BUT ) ! BL9D+1 MOM5T>Y ILLUM9ATION ( A FLA% ( 
LI<TN+4 ,SURREALISM EXCAVAT$ ?IS PA? & CODIFI$ ITS DISCOV]IES4 ,BY ITS EXCESSES AS WELL AS BY ITS 
RETREATS1 IT GAVE ! LA/ & MO/ MAGNIFIC5T EXPRESSION TO A PRACTICAL !ORY ( IRRATIONAL REBELLION AT ! 
V]Y SAME TIME :51 ON ANO!R PA?1 REBELLI\S ?\<T WAS F\ND+ ! CULT ( ABSOLUTE REASON4 

,LAUTREAMONT & ,RIMBAUD--ITS S\RCES ( 9SPIRATION--DEMON/RATE BY :AT /AGES ! IRRATIONAL DESIRE 
TO ACCEPT APPE>ANCES CAN LEAD ! REBEL TO ADOPT C\RSES ( ACTION COMPLETELY DE/RUCTIVE TO FRE$OM4 

,LAUTREAMONT & ,BANALITY 

,LAUTREAMONT DEMON/RATES ?AT ! REBEL DISSIMULATES ! DESIRE TO ACCEPT APPE>ANCE BEH9D ! DESIRE = 
BANALITY4 ,9 EI!R CASE1 :E!R HE ABASES OR VAUNTS HIMSELF1 ! REBEL WANTS TO BE O!R ?AN HE IS1 EV5 
:5 HE IS PREP>$ TO BE RECOGNIZ$ = :AT HE REALLY IS4 ,! BLASPHEMIES & ! CON=MITY ( 
,LAUTREAMONT ILLU/RATE ?IS UN=TUNATE CONTRADICTION1 :I* IS RESOLV$ 9 HIS CASE 9 ! DESIRE TO BE 
NO?+ AT ALL4 ,F> FROM BE+ A RECANTATION1 AS IS G5]ALLY SUPPOS$1 ! SAME PASSION = ANNIHILATION 
EXPLA9S ,MALDOROR'S 9VOCATION ( ! PRIMEVAL NI<T & ! LABORI\S BANALITIES ( ! ,POESIES4 
,LAUTREAMONT MAKES US UND]/& ?AT REBELLION IS ADOLESC5T4 ,\R MO/ EFFECTIVE T]RORI/S1 :E!R !Y 
>E >M$ ) BOMBS OR ) POETRY1 H>DLY ESCAPE FROM 9FANCY4 ,! ,SONGS ( ,MALDOROR >E ! WORKS 
( A HI<LY TAL5T$ S*OOLBOY2 !IR PA?OS LIES PRECISELY 9 ! CONTRADICTIONS ( A *ILD'S M9D RANG$ 
AGA9/ CREATION & AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,LIKE ! ,RIMBAUD ( ! ,ILLUM9ATIONS1 BEAT+ AGA9/ ! CONF9ES ( 
! WORLD1 ! POET *OOSES ! APOCALYPSE & DE/RUCTION RA!R ?AN ACCEPT ! IMPOSSIBLE PR9CIPLES 
?AT MAKE HIM :AT HE IS 9 A WORLD SU* AS IT IS4 

0,I (F] MYSELF TO DEF5D MANK9D10 SAYS ,LAUTREAMONT1 )\T WI%+ TO BE +5U\S4 ,IS ,MALDOROR1 
!N1 ! ANGEL ( PITY8 ,9 A C]TA9 S5SE HE IS1 9 ?AT HE PITIES HIMSELF4 ,:Y8 ,?AT REMA9S TO BE SE54 

,BUT PITY DECEIV$1 \TRAG$1 9ADMISSIBLE1 & UNADMITT$ WILL LEAD HIM TO 
/RANGE EXTREMITIES4 ,MALDOROR1 9 HIS [N WORDS1 RECEIV$ LIFE LIKE A W\ND & =BADE SUICIDE TO HEAL 
! SC> 7SIC74 ,LIKE ,RIMBAUD HE IS ! ONE :O SUFF]S & :O REBELL$2 EA*1 BE+ /RANGELY RELUCTANT TO 
SAY ?AT HE IS REBELL+ AGA9/ :AT HE IS1 GIVES ! REBEL'S ET]NAL ALIBI3 LOVE ( MANK9D4 

,! MAN :O (F]S HIMSELF TO DEF5D MANK9D AT ! SAME TIME WRITES3 0,%[ ME ONE MAN :O IS 
GOOD40 ,?IS P]PETUAL VACILLATION IS P>T ( NIHILI/ REBELLION4 ,WE REBEL AGA9/ ! 9JU/ICE DONE TO 
\RSELVES & TO MANK9D4 ,BUT 9 ! MOM5T ( LUCIDITY1 :5 WE SIMULTANE\SLY P]CEIVE ! 
LEGITIMACY ( ?IS REBELLION & ITS FUTILITY1 ! FR5ZY ( NEGATION IS EXT5D$ TO ! V]Y ?+ ?AT WE 
CLAIM$ TO BE DEF5D+4 ,NOT BE+ ABLE TO ATONE = 9JU/ICE BY ! ELEVATION ( JU/ICE1 WE *OOSE TO 
SUBM]GE IT 9 AN EV5 GREAT] 9JU/ICE1 :I* IS F9ALLY CONF\ND$ ) ANNIHILATION4 0,! EVIL Y\ 
HAVE DONE ME IS TOO GREAT1 TOO GREAT ! EVIL ,I HAVE DONE Y\1 = IT TO BE 9VOLUNT>Y40 ,9 ORD] NOT TO BE 
OV]COME ) SELF-HATR$1 ONE'S 9NOC5CE MU/ BE PROCLAIM$1 AN IMPOSSIBLY BOLD /EP = ONE MAN 
ALONE1 = SELF-KN[L$GE WILL PREV5T HIM4 ,BUT AT LEA/ ONE CAN DECL>E ?AT EV]YONE IS 9NOC5T1 ?\< 
!Y MAY BE TREAT$ AS GUILTY4 ,GOD IS !N ! CRIM9AL4 

,FROM ! ROMANTICS TO ,LAUTREAMONT1 !RE IS1 !RE=E1 NO REAL PROGRESS1 EXCEPT 9 /YLE4 ,LAUTREAMONT 
RESUSCITATES1 ONCE AGA91 ) A FEW IMPROVEM5TS1 ! FIGURE ( ! ,GOD ( ,ABRAHAM & ! IMAGE ( ! 
,LUCIF]IAN REBEL4 ,HE PLACES ,GOD 0ON A ?RONE BUILT ( EXCREM5T1 HUMAN & GOLD510 ON :I* SITS1 0) 
IMBECILE PRIDE1 HIS BODY COV]$ ) A %R\D MADE ( UNWA%$ %EETS1 HE :O /YLES HIMSELF ! 
,CREATOR40 0,! HORRIBLE ,ET]NAL ,ONE ) ! FEATURES ( A VIP]10 0! CRAFTY B&IT0 :O CAN BE SE5 
0/OK+ ! FIRES 9 :I* Y\NG & OLD P]I%10 ROLLS DRUNK5LY 9 ! GUTT]1 OR SEEKS BASE PLEASURES 9 
! BRO!L4 ,GOD IS NOT DEAD1 HE HAS FALL54 ,FACE TO FACE ) ! FALL5 DEITY1 ,MALDOROR APPE>S AS A 
CONV5TIONAL CAVALI] 9 A BLACK CLOAK4 ,HE IS ! ,ACCURS$4 0,EYES MU/ NOT WITNESS ! HIDE\S ASPECT 
:I* ! ,SUPREME ,BE+1 ) A SMILE ( 9T5SE HATR$1 HAS GRANT$ ME40 ,HE HAS =SWORN EV]Y?+-- 
0FA!R1 MO!R1 ,PROVID5CE1 LOVE1 IDEALS--SO AS TO ?9K NO LONG] ( ANY?+ 
ELSE BUT HIMSELF40 ,RACK$ ) PRIDE1 ?IS H]O HAS ALL ! ILLUSIONS ( ! METAPHYSICAL D&Y3 0,A FACE ?AT IS MORE 
?AN HUMAN1 SAD ) ! SADNESS ( ! UNIV]SE1 BEAUTIFUL AS AN ACT ( SUICIDE40 ,LIKE ! ROMANTIC REBEL1 ,MALDOROR1 
DESPAIR+ ( DIV9E JU/ICE1 WILL TAKE ! SIDE ( EVIL4 ,TO CAUSE SUFF]+ &1 9 CAUS+ IT1 TO SUFF]1 ?AT IS HIS LOT4 

,! ,SONGS >E V]ITABLE LITANIES ( EVIL4 

,AT ?IS PO9T MANK9D IS NO LONG] EV5 DEF5D$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 0TO ATTACK ?AT WILD BEA/1 MAN1 ) EV]Y 
POSSIBLE WEAPON1 & TO ATTACK ! CREATOR 4 4 40 ?AT IS ! 9T5TION ANN\NC$ BY ! ,SONGS4 ,OV]:ELM$ AT ! 
?\<T ( HAV+ ,GOD AS AN 5EMY1 9TOXICAT$ ) ! SOLITUDE EXP]I5C$ BY GREAT CRIM9ALS 70,I ALONE AGA9/ 
HUMANITY071 ,MALDOROR GOES TO W> AGA9/ CREATION & ITS AU?OR4 ,! ,SONGS EXALT 0! SANCTITY ( CRIME10 ANN\NCE 
AN 9CREAS+ S]IES ( 0GLORI\S CRIMES10 & /ANZA #b ( ,SONG ,I,I EV5 9AUGURATES A V]ITABLE P$AGOGY ( CRIME 
& VIOL5CE4 

,SU* A BURN+ >DOR IS1 AT ?IS P]IOD1 M]ELY CONV5TIONAL4 ,IT CO/S NO?+4 ,LAUTREAMONT'S REAL ORIG9ALITY LIES 
ELSE:]E4.<#a#d.> ,! ROMANTICS MA9TA9$ ) ! GREATE/ C>E ! FATAL OPPOSITION BETWE5 HUMAN SOLITUDE & DIV9E 
9DIFF]5CE--! LIT]>Y EXPRESSIONS ( ?IS SOLITUDE BE+ ! ISOLAT$ CA/LE & ! D&Y4 ,BUT ,LAUTREAMONT'S 
WORK DEALS ) A MORE PR(\ND DRAMA4 ,IT IS QUITE APP>5T ?AT HE F\ND ?IS SOLITUDE 9SUPPORTABLE & ?AT1 
RANG$ AGA9/ CREATION1 HE WI%$ TO DE/ROY ITS LIMITS4 ,F> FROM WANT+ TO =TIFY ! REIGN ( HUMANITY ) 
CR5ELAT$ T[]S1 HE WI%ES TO M]GE IT ) ALL O!R REIGNS4 ,HE BR\<T BACK CREATION TO ! %ORES ( ! PRIMEVAL 
SEAS :]E MORALITY1 AS WELL AS EV]Y O!R PROBLEM1 LOSES ALL MEAN+--9CLUD+ ! PROBLEM1 :I* HE CONSID]S 
SO T]RIFY+1 ( ! IMMORTALITY ( ! S\L4 ,HE HAD NO DESIRE TO CREATE A SPECTACUL> IMAGE ( ! REBEL1 OR ( ! 
D&Y1 OPPOS$ TO CREATION1 BUT TO M+LE MANK9D & ! WORLD TOGE!R 9 ! SAME G5]AL DE/RUCTION4 ,HE 
ATTACK$ ! V]Y FRONTI] ?AT SEP>ATES MANK9D FROM ! UNIV]SE4 ,TOTAL FRE$OM1 ! FRE$OM ( CRIME 9 
P>TICUL>1 SUPPOSES ! DE/RUCTION ( HUMAN FRONTI]S4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< TO CONDEMN ONESELF & ALL MANK9D TO EXECRATION4 ,! REIGN ( MANK9D MU/ /ILL BE 
BR\<T BACK TO ! LEVEL ( ! REIGN ( ! 9/9CT4 ,WE F9D 9 ,LAUTREAMONT ?IS REFUSAL TO RECOGNIZE RATIONAL 
CONSCI\SNESS1 ?IS RETURN TO ! ELEM5T>Y :I* IS ONE ( ! M>KS ( A CIVILIZATION 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,IT IS NO 
LONG] A QUE/ION ( RECOGNIZ+ APPE>ANCES1 BY MAK+ A DET]M9$ & CONSCI\S EF=T1 BUT ( NO LONG] 
EXI/+ AT ALL ON ! CONSCI\S LEVEL4 

,ALL ! CREATURES ?AT APPE> 9 ! ,SONGS >E AMPHIBI\S1 BECAUSE ,MALDOROR REJECTS ! E>? & ITS LIMITATIONS4 ,! 
FLORA IS COMPOS$ ( ALGAE & SEAWE$4 ,MAL-DOROR'S CA/LE IS BUILT ON ! WAT]S4 ,HIS NATIVE L& IS ! TIMELESS SEA4 

,! SEA--A D\BLE SYMBOL--IS SIMULTANE\SLY ! PLACE ( ANNIHILATION & ( RECONCILIATION4 ,IT QU5*ES1 9 ITS [N 
WAY1 ! ?IR/ ( S\LS CONDEMN$ TO SCORN !MSELVES & O!RS1 & ! ?IR/ = OBLIVION4 ,?US ! ,SONGS 
REPLACE ! ,METAMORPHOSES1 & ! TIMELESS SMILE IS REPLAC$ BY ! LAU<T] ( A M\? SLA%$ ) A RAZOR1 BY 
! IMAGE ( A GNA%+1 FRANTIC1 TRAVE/Y ( HUMOR4 ,?IS BE/I>Y CANNOT CONTA9 ALL ! MEAN+S ?AT HAVE BE5 
GIV5 TO IT1 BUT UND\BT$LY IT DISCLOSES A DESIRE = ANNIHILATION :I* HAS ITS ORIG9S 9 ! V]Y D>KE/ PLACES ( 
REBELLION4 ,! 0/ULTIFY Y\RSELVES0 ( ,PASCAL TAKES ON A LIT]AL S5SE ) ,LAUTREAMONT4 ,APP>5TLY HE C\LD NOT BE> 
! COLD & IMPLACABLE CL>ITY ONE MU/ 5DURE 9 ORD] TO LIVE4 0,MY SUBJECTIVITY & ONE CREATOR--?AT IS TOO MU* 
= ONE BRA940 ,& SO HE *OSE TO R$UCE LIFE1 & HIS WORK1 TO ! FLA% ( A CUTTLEFI%'S F9 9 ! MID/ ( ITS CL\D 
( 9K4 ,! BEAUTIFUL PASSAGE :]E ,MALDOROR C\PLES ) A FEMALE %>K ON ! HI< SEAS 09 A LONG1 *A/E1 & 
FRI<TFUL COPULATION0 --ABOVE ALL1 ! SIGNIFICANT PASSAGE 9 :I* ,MALDOROR1 TRANS=M$ 9TO AN OCTOPUS1 ATTACKS 
! ,CREATOR-->E CLE> EXPRESSIONS ( AN ESCAPE BEYOND ! FRONTI]S ( EXI/5CE & ( A CONVULSIVE ATTACK ON ! 
LAWS ( NATURE4 

,?OSE :O SEE !MSELVES BANI%$ FROM ! H>MONI\S FA!RL& :]E JU/ICE & PASSION F9ALLY /RIKE AN EV5 
BALANCE /ILL PREF]1 TO SOLITUDE1 ! B>R5 K+DOMS :]E WORDS HAVE NO MORE MEAN+ & :]E =CE & ! 
9/9CTS ( BL9D CREATURES REIGN4 ,?IS *ALL5GE IS1 AT ! SAME TIME1 A MORTIFICATION4 ,! BATTLE ) ! ANGEL1 
9 ,SONG ,I,I1 5DS 9 ! DEFEAT & PUTREFACTION ( ! ANGEL4 ,HEAV5 & E>? >E !N BR\<T BACK & 9T]M+L$ 
9 ! LIQUID *ASMS ( PRIMORDIAL LIFE4 ,?US ! MAN-%>K ( ! ,SONGS 0ONLY ACQUIR$ ! NEW *ANGE 9 ! 
EXTREMITIES ( HIS >MS & LEGS AS AN EXPIATORY PUNI%M5T = SOME UNKN[N CRIME40 ,!RE IS1 9 FACT1 A CRIME1 OR 
! ILLUSION ( A CRIME 7IS IT HOMOSEXUALITY87 9 ,MALDOROR'S VIRTUALLY UNKN[N LIFE4 ,NO READ] ( ! ,SONGS CAN AVOID 
! IDEA ?AT ?IS BOOK IS 9 NE$ ( A ,/AVROG9'S ,CONFESSION4 

,BUT !RE IS NO CONFESSION & WE F9D 9 ! ,POESIES A R$\BL+ ( ?AT MY/]I\S DESIRE = EXPIATION4 ,! SPIRIT 
APPROPRIATE TO C]TA9 =MS ( REBELLION :I* CONSI/S1 AS WE %ALL SEE1 9 REE/ABLI%+ REASON AT ! 5D ( ! 
IRRATIONAL ADV5TURE1 ( R$ISCOV]+ ORD] BY MEANS ( DISORD] & ( VOLUNT>ILY LOAD+ ONESELF D[N ) 
*A9S /ILL HEAVI] ?AN ?OSE FROM :I* RELEASE WAS S\<T1 IS DESCRIB$ 9 ?IS BOOK ) SU* A DESIRE = 
SIMPLIFICATION & ) SU* CYNICISM ?AT ?IS *ANGE ( ATTITUDE MU/ DEF9ITELY HAVE A MEAN+4 ,! ,SONGS1 :I* 
EXALT$ ABSOLUTE NEGATION1 >E FOLL[$ BY A !ORY ( ABSOLUTE ASS5T1 & UNCOMPROMIS+ REBELLION IS SUCCE$$ 
BY COMPLETE CON=MITY--ALL ?IS ) TOTAL LUCIDITY4 ,! ,POESIES1 9 FACT1 GIVE US ! BE/ EXPLANATION ( ! ,SONGS4 

0,DESPAIR1 F$ BY ! PREJUDICES ( HALLUC9ATION1 IMP]-TURBABLY LEADS LIT]ATURE TO ! MASS ABROGATION ( LAWS BO? 
SOCIAL & DIV9E1 & TO !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL WICK$NESS40 ,! ,POESIES ALSO D5\NCE 0! CULPABILITY ( A 
WRIT] :O ROLLS ON ! SLOPES ( ! VOID & P\RS SCORN ON HIMSELF ) CRIES ( JOY40 ,BUT !Y PRESCRIBE NO O!R 
REM$Y = ?IS EVIL ?AN METAPHYSICAL CON=MITY3 0,S9CE ! POETRY ( D\BT >RIVES1 9 ?IS WAY1 AT SU* A PO9T ( 
!ORETICAL WICK$NESS & M\RNFUL DESPAIR1 IT IS POETRY ?AT IS RADICALLY FALSE2 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT IT DISCUSSES 
PR9CIPLES1 & PR9CIPLES %\LD NOT BE DISCUSS$0 7LETT] TO ,D>ASSE74 ,9 %ORT1 HIS REASON+ RECAPITULATES ! 
MORALITY ( A *OIRBOY OR ( AN 9FANTRY MANUAL4 ,BUT CON=MITY CAN BE PASSIONATE1 & !REBY \T ( ! ORD9>Y4 

,:5 ! VICTORY ( ! MALEVOL5T EAGLE OV] ! DRAGON HOPE HAS BE5 PROCLAIM$1 ,MALDOROR CAN /ILL OB/9ATELY 
REPEAT ?AT ! BURD5 ( HIS SONG IS NO?+ BUT HOPE1 & CAN WRITE3 0,) MY VOICE & 
) ! SOLEMNITY ( ! DAYS ( MY GLORY1 ,I RECALL Y\1 ,O BLESS$ ,HOPE1 TO MY DES]T$ DWELL+0--HE 
MU/ /ILL TRY TO CONV9CE4 ,TO CONSOLE HUMANITY1 TO TREAT IT AS A BRO!R1 TO RETURN TO ,CONFUCIUS1 ,BUDDHA1 
,SOCRATES1 ,JESUS ,*RI/1 0MORALI/S :O W&]$ ?R\< VILLAGES1 DY+ ( HUNG]0 7:I* IS ( D\BTFUL 
HI/ORICAL ACCURACY71 >E /ILL ! PROJECTS ( DESPAIR4 ,?US VIRTUE & AN ORD]$ LIFE HAVE A NO/ALGIC 
APPEAL 9 ! MID/ ( VICE4 ,= ,LAUTREAMONT REFUSES TO PRAY1 & ,*RI/ = HIM IS ONLY A MORALI/4 ,:AT 
HE PROPOSES1 OR RA!R :AT HE PROPOSES TO HIMSELF1 IS AGNO/ICISM & ! FULFILLM5T ( DUTY4 ,SU* A 
S\ND PROGRAM1 UNHAPPILY1 SUPPOSES SURR5D]1 ! CALM ( EV5+1 A HE>T UNT\*$ BY BITT]NESS1 & 
UNTR\BL$ CONTEMPLATION4 ,LAUTREAMONT REBELS :5 HE SUDD5LY WRITES3 0,I KN[ NO O!R GRACE BUT ?AT 
( BE+ BORN40 ,BUT ONE CAN S5SE HIS CL5*$ TEE? :5 HE ADDS3 0,AN IMP>TIAL M9D F9DS ?AT 
5\<40 ,BUT NO M9D IS IMP>TIAL :5 CONFRONT$ ) LIFE & DEA?4 ,) ,LAUTREAMONT1 ! REBEL FLEES 
TO ! DES]T4 ,BUT ?IS DES]T ( CON=MITY IS AS DRE>Y AS ,RIMBAUD'S ,H>R>4 ,! TA/E = ! ABSOLUTE & 
! FR5ZY ( ANNIHILATION /]ILIZE HIM AGA94 ,JU/ AS ,MALDOROR WANT$ TOTAL REBELLION1 ,LAU-TREAMONT1 = 
! SAME REASONS1 DEM&S ABSOLUTE BANALITY4 ,! EXCLAMATION ( AW>5ESS :I* HE TRI$ TO DR[N 9 
! PRIMEVAL SEAS1 TO CONFUSE ) ! H[L ( ! BEA/1 :I* AT ANO!R MOM5T HE TRI$ TO SMO!R 9 
! ADORATION ( MA!MATICS1 HE N[ WANTS TO /IFLE BY APPLY+ A DISMAL CON=MITY4 ,! REBEL N[ TRIES 
TO TURN A DEAF E> TO ! CALL ?AT URGES HIM T[>D ! BE+ :O LIES AT ! HE>T ( HIS REBELLION4 ,! 
IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO EXI/ NO LONG]--EI!R BY REFUS+ TO BE ANY?+ AT ALL OR BY ACCEPT+ TO BE NO 
MATT] :AT4 ,9 EI!R CASE IT IS A PURELY >TIFICIAL CONV5TION4 ,BANALITY1 TOO1 IS AN ATTITUDE4 

,CON=MITY IS ONE ( ! NIHILI/IC TEMPTATIONS ( REBELLION :I* DOM9ATE A L>GE P>T ( \R 9TELLECTUAL 
HI/ORY4 ,IT DEMON/RATES H[ ! REBEL :O TAKES TO ACTION IS TEMPT$ TO SUCCUMB1 IF HE =GETS HIS ORIG9S1 
TO ! MO/ ABSOLUTE CON=MITY4 ,& SO IT EXPLA9S ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,LAUTREAMONT1 :O IS USUALLY 
HAIL$ AS ! B>D ( PURE REBELLION1 ON ! CONTR>Y PROCLAIMS ! ADV5T ( ! TA/E = 9TELLECTUAL 
S]VITUDE :I* FL\RI%ES 9 
! CONTEMPOR>Y WORLD4 ,! ,POESIES AX ONLY A PREFACE TO A 0FUTURE WORK0 ( :I* WE CAN ONLY SURMISE ! 
CONT5TS & :I* WAS TO HAVE BE5 ! IDEAL 5D-RESULT ( LIT]>Y REBELLION4 ,BUT ?IS BOOK IS BE+ WRITT5 TODAY1 
DESPITE ,LAUTREAMONT1 9 MILLIONS ( COPIES1 BY BUREAUCRATIC ORD]4 ,( C\RSE1 G5IUS CANNOT BE SEP>AT$ FROM 
BANALITY4 ,BUT IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( ! BANALITY ( O!RS --! BANALITY ?AT WE VA9LY TRY TO CAPTURE & :I* ITSELF 
CAPTURES ! CREATIVE WRIT]1 :]E NECESS>Y1 ) ! HELP ( ! C5SORS4 ,= ! CREATIVE WRIT] IT IS A QUE/ION ( 
HIS [N =M ( BANALITY1 :I* MU/ BE COMPLETELY CREAT$4 ,EV]Y G5IUS IS AT ONCE EXTRAORD9>Y & BANAL4 ,HE IS 
NO?+ IF HE IS ONLY ONE OR ! O!R4 ,WE MU/ REMEMB] ?IS :5 ?9K+ ( REBELLION4 ,IT HAS ITS D&IES & ITS 
M5IALS1 BUT IT DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ITS LEGITIMATE SONS4 

,SURREALISM & ,REVOLUTION 

,?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO DEAL AT L5G? ) ,RIMBAUD4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT CAN BE SAID AB\T HIM--& EV5 MORE1 
UN=TUNATELY--HAS ALREADY BE5 SAID4 ,IT IS WOR? PO9T+ \T1 H[EV]1 = IT CONC]NS \R SUBJECT1 ?AT ONLY 9 HIS 
WORK WAS ,RIMBAUD ! POET ( REBELLION4 ,HIS LIFE1 F> FROM JU/IFY+ ! MY? IT CREAT$1 ONLY ILLU/RATES 7AN 
OBJECTIVE P]USAL ( ! LETT]S FROM ,H>R> SUFFICES TO PROVE ?IS7 ! FACT ?AT HE SURR5D]$ TO ! WOR/ =M ( 
NIHILISM IMAG9ABLE4 ,RIMBAUD HAS BE5 DEIFI$ = R5\NC+ HIS G5IUS1 AS IF HIS R5UNCIATION IMPLI$ SUP]HUMAN 
VIRTUE4 ,IT MU/ BE PO9T$ \T1 H[EV]1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT BY DO+ SO WE DISQUALIFY ! ALIBIS ( \R 
CONTEMPOR>IES1 ?AT G5IUS ALONE--& NOT ! R5UNCIATION ( G5IUS-- IMPLIES VIRTUE4 ,RIMBAUD'S GREATNESS DOES 
NOT LIE 9 ! FIR/ POEMS FROM ,*>LEVILLE NOR 9 HIS TRAD+ AT ,H>R>4 ,IT %9ES =? AT ! MOM5T :51 9 GIV+ 
! MO/ PECULI>LY APPROPRIATE EXPRESSION TO REBELLION ?AT IT HAS EV] RECEIV$1 HE SIMULTANE\SLY PROCLAIMS HIS 
TRIUMPH & HIS AGONY1 HIS CONCEPTION ( A LIFE BEYOND ! CONF9ES ( ?IS WORLD & ! 9ESCAPABILITY ( ! WORLD1 
! YE>N+ = ! UNATTA9ABLE & REALITY BRUTALLY DET]M9$ ON 
RE/RA9T1 ! REJECTION ( MORALITY & ! IRRESI/IBLE COMPULSION TO DUTY4 ,AT ! MOM5T :5 HE C>RIES 9 HIS 
BREA/ BO? ILLUM9ATION & ! D>KNESS ( HELL1 :5 HE HAILS & 9SULTS BEAUTY1 & CREATES1 FROM AN 9SOLUBLE 
CONFLICT1 ! 9TRICATE C\NT]PO9T ( AN EXQUISITE SONG1 HE IS ! POET ( REBELLION--! GREATE/ ( ALL4 ,! ORD] 9 
:I* HE WROTE HIS TWO GREAT WORKS IS ( NO IMPORTANCE4 ,9 ANY CASE !RE WAS V]Y LITTLE TIME BETWE5 ! 
CONCEPTION ( ! TWO BOOKS1 & ANY >TI/ KN[S1 ) ! C]TA9TY BORN ( EXP]I5CE1 ?AT ,RIMBAUD 
SIMULTANE\SLY C>RI$ ! SE$S ( ! ,SEASON 9 ,HELL 7,UNE ,SAISON 5 ,5F]7 & ! ,ILLUM9ATIONS )9 HIM4 

,?\< HE WROTE !M ONE AFT] ! O!R1 !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT HE EXP]I5C$ ! SUFF]+ ( BO? ( !M AT ! 
SAME TIME4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION1 :I* KILL$ HIM1 WAS ! REAL S\RCE ( HIS G5IUS4 

,BUT :]E1 !N1 IS ! VIRTUE ( SOMEONE :O REFUSES TO FACE ! CONTRADICTION & BETRAYS HIS [N G5IUS BE=E 
HAV+ DRUNK IT TO ! LA/ BITT] DROP8 ,RIMBAUD'S SIL5CE IS NOT A NEW ME?OD ( REBELL+2 AT LEA/1 WE CAN NO LONG] 
SAY SO AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ! ,H>R> LETT]S4 ,HIS METAMORPHOSIS IS UND\BT$LY MY/]I\S4 ,BUT !RE IS ALSO A 
MY/]Y ATTA*$ TO ! BANALITY A*IEV$ BY BRILLIANT Y\NG GIRLS :OM M>RIAGE TRANS=MS 9TO ADD+ OR KNITT+ 
MA*9ES4 ,! MY? WOV5 >\ND ,RIMBAUD SUPPOSES & AFFIRMS ?AT NO?+ WAS POSSIBLE AFT] ! ,SEASON 9 
,HELL4 ,BUT :AT IS IMPOSSIBLE = ! SUPREMELY GIFT$ POET OR = ! 9EXHAU/IBLY CREATIVE WRIT]8 ,H[ CAN WE 
IMAG9E ANY?+ TO FOLL[ ,MOBY ,DICK1 ,! ,TRIAL1 ,Z>A?U/RA1 ,! ,POSSESS$8 ,NEV]!LESS1 !Y W]E FOLL[$ BY 
GREAT WORKS1 :I* 9/RUCT1 IMPLEM5T1 & BE> WITNESS TO :AT IS F9E/ 9 ! WRIT]1 & :I* ONLY COME TO AN 
5D AT HIS DEA?4 ,:O CAN FAIL TO REGRET ! WORK ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 GREAT] ?AN ! ,SEASON 9 ,HELL & ( :I* 
WE HAVE BE5 DEPRIV$ BY ,RIMBAUD'S ABDICATION8 

,CAN ,ABYSS9IA BE CONSID]$ AS A MONA/]Y2 IS IT ,*RI/ :O %UT ,RIMBAUD'S M\?8 ,SU* A ,*RI/ W\LD BE ! 
K9D ( MAN :O N[ADAYS LORDS IT OV] ! CA%I]'S DESK 9 A BANK1 TO JUDGE BY ! LETT]S 9 :I* ! UNHAPPY 
POET TALKS ONLY AB\T HIS MONEY :I* HE WANTS 
TO SEE 0WISELY 9VE/$0 & 0BR++ 9 REGUL> DIVID5DS40.<#a#e.> ,! MAN :O EXULT$ UND] TORTURE1 :O 
HURL$ CURSES AT ,GOD & AT BEAUTY1 :O H>D5$ HIMSELF 9 ! H>% ATMOSPH]E ( CRIME1 N[ ONLY 
WANTS TO M>RY SOMEONE 0) A FUTURE40 ,! MAGE1 ! SE]1 ! CONVICT :O LIV$ P]PETUALLY 9 ! 
%AD[ ( ! P5AL COLONY1 ! MAN-K+ ON A GODLESS E>?1 ALWAYS C>RI$ SEV5TE5 P\NDS ( GOLD 9 
A BELT WORN UNCOM=TABLY R\ND HIS /OMA*1 :I* HE COMPLA9$ GAVE HIM DYS5T]Y4 ,IS ?IS ! 
MY?ICAL H]O1 WOR%IP$ BY SO MANY Y\NG M5 :O1 ?\< !Y DO NOT SPIT 9 ! FACE ( ! WORLD1 
W\LD DIE ( %AME AT ! M]E IDEA ( SU* A BELT8 ,TO MA9TA9 ! MY?1 ?OSE DECISIVE LETT]S MU/ BE 
IGNOR$4 ,IT IS EASY TO SEE :Y !Y HAVE BE5 SO LITTLE COMM5T$ UPON4 ,!Y >E A SACRILEGE1 AS TRU? 
SOMETIMES IS4 ,A GREAT & PRAISEWOR?Y POET1 ! GREATE/ ( HIS TIME1 A DAZZL+ ORACLE--,RIMBAUD IS ALL 
( !SE ?+S4 ,BUT HE IS NOT ! MAN-GOD1 ! BURN+ 9SPIRATION1 ! MONK ( POETRY AS HE IS (T5 
PRES5T$4 ,! MAN ONLY RECAPTUR$ HIS GREATNESS 9 ! HOSPITAL B$ 9 :I*1 AT ! H\R ( HIS PA9FUL 
5D1 EV5 HIS M$IOCRITY BECOMES MOV+3 0,H[ UNLUCKY ,I AM1 H[ V]Y UNLUCKY ,I AM 4 4 4 & ,I'VE 
MONEY ON ME ?AT ,I CAN'T EV5 KEEP AN EYE ON60 ,! DEFIANT CRY ( ?OSE LA/ WRET*$ MOM5TS3 0,NO1 NO1 
N[ ,I REBEL AGA9/ DEA?60 HAPPILY RE/ORES ,RIMBAUD TO ?AT P>T ( COMMON HUMAN EXP]I5CE :I* 
9VOLUNT>ILY CO9CIDES ) GREATNESS4 ,! Y\NG ,RIMBAUD COMES TO LIFE AGA9 ON ! BR9K ( ! ABYSS 
& ) HIM REVIVES ! REBELLION ( ! TIMES :5 HIS IMPRECATIONS AGA9/ LIFE W]E ONLY EXPRESSIONS 
( DESPAIR AT ! ?\<T ( DEA?4 ,IT IS AT ?IS PO9T ?AT ! B\RGEOIS TRAD] ONCE MORE REJO9S ! TORTUR$ 
ADOLESC5T :OM WE SO MU* ADMIR$4 ,HE RECAPTURES HIS Y\? 9 ! T]ROR & BITT] PA9 F9ALLY 
EXP]I5C$ BY ?OSE :O DO NOT KN[ H[ TO ATTA9 HAPP9ESS4 ,ONLY AT ?IS PO9T DOES HIS PASSION1 & 
) IT HIS TRU?1 BEG94 

,MOREOV]1 ,H>R> WAS ACTUALLY =ETOLD 9 HIS WORK1 BUT 9 ! =M ( HIS F9AL ABDICATION4 0,& BE/ ( 
ALL1 A DRUNK5 SLEEP ON ! BEA*40 ,! FURY ( ANNIHILATION1 APPROPRIATE TO EV]Y REBEL1 !N ASSUMES ITS MO/ 
COMMON =M4 ,! APOCALYPSE ( CRIME--AS CONCEIV$ BY ,RIMBAUD 9 ! P]SON ( ! PR9CE :O 
9SATIABLY SLAU<T]S HIS SUBJECTS--& 5DLESS LIC5TI\SNESS >E REBELLI\S !MES ?AT WILL BE TAK5 UP 
AGA9 BY ! SURREALI/S4 ,BUT F9ALLY1 EV5 ) ,RIMBAUD1 NIHILI/ DEJECTION PREVAIL$2 ! /RUGGLE1 ! 
CRIME ITSELF1 PROV$ TOO EXACT+ = HIS EXHAU/$ M9D4 ,! SE] :O DRANK1 IF WE MAY V5TURE TO SAY SO1 
9 ORD] NOT TO =GET 5D$ BY F9D+ 9 DRUNK5NESS ! HEAVY SLEEP SO WELL KN[N TO \R 
CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,ONE CAN SLEEP ON ! BEA*1 OR AT ,AD54 ,& ONE CONS5TS1 NO LONG] ACTIVELY1 BUT 
PASSIVELY1 TO ACCEPT ! ORD] ( ! WORLD1 EV5 IF ! ORD] IS DEGRAD+4 ,RIMBAUD'S SIL5CE IS ALSO A 
PREP>ATION = ! SIL5CE ( AU?ORITY1 :I* HOV]S OV] M9DS RESIGN$ TO EV]Y?+ SAVE TO ! 
NECESSITY ( PUTT+ UP A FI<T4 ,RIMBAUD'S GREAT 9TELLECT1 SUDD5LY SUBORD9AT$ TO MONEY1 PROCLAIMS ! 
ADV5T ( O!R DEM&S1 :I* >E AT FIR/ EXCESSIVE & :I* WILL LAT] BE PUT TO USE BY ! POLICE4 ,TO 
BE NO?+--?AT IS ! CRY ( ! M9D EXHAU/$ BY ITS [N REBELLION4 ,?IS LEADS TO ! PROBLEM ( 
SUICIDE ( ! M9D1 :I*1 AFT] ALL1 IS LESS RESPECTABLE ?AN ! SURREALI/S' SUICIDE1 & MORE FRAU<T ) 
CONSEQU5CES4 ,SURREALISM ITSELF1 COM+ AT ! 5D ( ?IS GREAT ACT ( REBELLION1 IS ONLY SIGNIFICANT 
BECAUSE IT ATTEMPT$ TO P]PETUATE ?AT ASPECT ( ,RIMBAUD :I* ALONE EVOKES \R SYMPA?Y4 ,D]IV+ ! 
RULES = A REBELLI\S ASCETICISM FROM ! LETT] AB\T ! SE] & ! SY/EM IT IMPLIES1 HE ILLU/RATES ! 
/RUGGLE BETWE5 ! WILL TO BE & ! DESIRE = ANNIHILATION1 BETWE5 ! YES & ! NO1 :I* WE HAVE 
DISCOV]$ AGA9 & AGA9 AT EV]Y /AGE ( REBELLION4 ,= ALL !SE REASONS1 RA!R ?AN REPEAT !1 
5DLESS COMM5T>IES ?AT SURR\ND ,RIMBAUD'S WORK1 IT SEEM$ PREF]ABLE TO R$ISCOV] HIM & TO 
FOLL[ HIM AMONG HIS SUCCESSORS4 

,ABSOLUTE REBELLION1 TOTAL 9SUBORD9ATION1 SABOTAGE ON PR9CIPLE1 ! HUMOR & CULT ( ! ABSURD--SU* IS 
! NATURE ( SURREALISM1 :I* DEF9ES ITSELF1 9 ITS PRIM>Y 9T5T1 AS ! 9CESSANT EXAM9ATION ( ALL 
VALUES4 ,! REFUSAL TO DRAW ANY CONCLUSIONS IS FLAT1 DECISIVE1 & PROVOCATIVE4 0,WE >E SPECIALI/S 9 
REBELLION40 ,SURREALISM1 :I*1 
ACCORD+ TO ,>AGON1 IS A MA*9E = CAPSIZ+ ! M9D1 WAS FIR/ CONJUR$ UP BY ! ,DADAI/ 
MOVEM5T1 :OSE ROMANTIC ORIG9S & ANEMIC D&YISM MU/ BE NOT$4.<#a#f.> ,NON-SIGNIFICATION & 
CONTRADICTION >E !RE=E CULTIVAT$ = !IR [N SAKES4 0,! REAL ,DADAI/S >E AGA9/ ,DADA4 ,EV]YONE 
IS A DIRECTOR ( ,DADA40 ,OR AGA93 0,:AT IS GOOD8 ,:AT IS UGLY8 ,:AT IS GREAT1 /RONG1 WEAK 4 4 4 8 ,DON'T 
KN[6 ,DON'T KN[60 ,!SE P>LOR NIHILI/S W]E OBVI\SLY ?REAT5$ ) HAV+ TO ACT AS SLAVES TO ! 
/RICTE/ OR?ODOXIES4 ,BUT !RE IS SOME?+ MORE 9 SURREALISM ?AN /&>D NONCON=MISM1 ! LEGACY 
LEFT BY ,RIMBAUD1 :I*1 9 FACT1 ,BRETON RECAPITULATES AS FOLL[S3 0,MU/ WE AB&ON ALL HOPE AT ?AT 
P>TICUL> PO9T80 

,AN URG5T APPEAL TO ABS5T LIFE IS RE9=C$ BY A TOTAL REJECTION ( ! PRES5T WORLD1 AS ,BRETON'S >ROGANT 
/ATEM5T 9DICATES3 0,9CAPABLE ( ACCEPT+ ! FATE ASSIGN$ TO ME1 MY HI<E/ P]CEPTIONS \TRAG$ BY 
?IS D5IAL ( JU/ICE1 ,I REFRA9 FROM ADAPT+ MY EXI/5CE TO ! RIDICUL\S CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE H]E 
BEL[40 ,! M9D1 ACCORD+ TO ,BRETON1 CAN F9D NO PO9T ( RE/ EI!R 9 ?IS LIFE OR BEYOND IT4 ,SURREALISM 
WANTS TO F9D A SOLUTION TO ?IS 5DLESS ANXIETY4 ,IT IS 0A CRY ( ! M9D :I* TURNS AGA9/ ITSELF & 
F9ALLY TAKES ! DESP]ATE DECISION TO ?R[ (F ITS BONDS40 ,IT PROTE/S AGA9/ DEA? & 0! LAU<ABLE 
DURATION0 ( A PREC>I\S CONDITION4 ,?US SURREALISM PLACES ITSELF AT ! M]CY ( IMPATI5CE4 ,IT EXI/S 9 A 
CONDITION ( W\ND$ FR5ZY3 AT ONCE 9FLEXIBLE & SELF-RI<TE\S1 ) ! CONSEQU5T IMPLICATION ( A 
MORAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,SURREALISM1 ! GOSPEL ( *AOS1 F\ND ITSELF COMPELL$1 FROM ITS V]Y 9CEPTION1 TO 
CREATE AN ORD]4 ,BUT AT FIR/ IT ONLY DREAM$ ( DE/RUCTION--BY POETRY1 TO BEG9 )--ON ! PLANE ( 
IMPRECATION1 & LAT] BY ! USE ( ACTUAL WEAPONS4 ,! TRIAL ( ! REAL WORLD HAS BECOME1 BY LOGICAL 
DEVELOPM5T1 ! TRIAL ( CREATION4 

,SURREALI/ IRRELIGION IS ME?ODICAL & RATIONAL4 ,AT FIR/ IT E/ABLI%$ ITSELF ON ! IDEA ( ! ABSOLUTE 
NONCULPABILITY ( MAN1 TO :OM ONE %\LD R5D] 0ALL ! P[] ?AT HE HAS BE5 CAPABLE ( PUTT+ 9TO 
! WORD ,GOD40 ,AS 9 EV]Y HI/ORY ( REBELLION1 ?IS IDEA ( ABSOLUTE NON-CULPABILITY1 SPR++ FROM DESPAIR1 WAS LITTLE BY LITTLE TRANS=M$ 9TO A MANIA = PUNI%M5T4 

,! SURREALI/S1 :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY EXALT+ HUMAN 9NOC5CE1 BELIEV$ ?AT !Y C\LD EXALT MURD] 
& SUICIDE4 ,!Y SPOKE ( SUICIDE AS A SOLUTION & ,CREVEL1 :O CONSID]$ ?IS SOLUTION 0! MO/ 
PROBABLE1 JU/1 & DEF9ITIVE10 KILL$ HIMSELF1 AS DID ,RIGAUT & ,VA*E4 ,LAT] ,>AGON WAS TO CONDEMN ! 
0BABBL]S AB\T SUICIDE40 ,NEV]!LESS ! FACT REMA9S ?AT TO EXTOLL ANNIHILATION1 )\T P]SONAL 
9VOLVEM5T1 IS NOT A V]Y HONORABLE C\RSE4 ,ON ?IS PO9T SURREALISM HAS RETA9$1 FROM ! 0LITT]ATURE0 
IT DESPIS$1 ! MO/ FACILE EXCUSES & HAS JU/IFI$ ,RI-GAUD'S /AGG]+ REM>K3 0,Y\ >E ALL POETS1 & 
,I MYSELF AM ON ! SIDE ( DEA?40 

,SURREALISM DID NOT RE/ !RE4 ,IT *OSE AS ITS H]O ,VIOLETTE ,NOZI]E OR ! ANONYM\S COMMON-LAW 
CRIM9AL1 AFFIRM+ 9 ?IS WAY1 9 ! FACE ( CRIME1 ! 9NOC5CE ( MAN4 ,BUT IT ALSO WAS RA% 5\< TO 
SAY--& ?IS IS ! /ATEM5T ?AT ,&RE ,BRETON MU/ HAVE REGRETT$ EV] S9CE #a#i#c#c--?AT ! SIMPLE/ 
SURREALI/ ACT CONSI/$ 9 GO+ \T 9TO ! /REET1 REVOLV] 9 H&1 & %OOT+ AT R&OM 9TO ! 
CR[D4 ,:OEV] REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE ANY O!R DET]M9+ FACTOR AP>T FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL & HIS 
DESIRES1 ANY PRIORITY O!R ?AN ?AT ( ! UNCONSCI\S1 ACTUALLY SUCCE$S 9 REBELL+ SIMULTANE\SLY 
AGA9/ SOCIETY & AGA9/ REASON4 ,! !ORY ( ! GRATUIT\S ACT IS ! CULM9ATION ( ! DEM& = 
ABSOLUTE FRE$OM4 ,:AT DOES IT MATT] IF ?IS FRE$OM 5DS BY BE+ EMBODI$ 9 ! SOLITUDE DEF9$ BY 
,J>RY3 0,:5 ,I'LL HAVE COLLECT$ ALL ! READY CA%1 9 ! WORLD1 ,I'LL KILL EV]YBODY & GO AWAY40 ,! 
ESS5TIAL ?+ IS ?AT EV]Y OB/ACLE %\LD BE D5I$ & ?AT ! IRRATIONAL %\LD BE TRIUMPHANT4 ,:AT1 
9 FACT1 DOES ?IS APOLOGY = MURD] SIGNIFY IF NOT ?AT1 9 A WORLD )\T MEAN+ & )\T HONOR1 
ONLY ! DESIRE = EXI/5CE1 9 ALL ITS =MS1 IS LEGITIMATE8 ,! 9/9CTIVE JOY ( BE+ ALIVE1 ! /IMULUS 
( ! UNCONSCI\S1 ! CRY ( ! IRRATIONAL1 >E ! ONLY PURE TRU?S ?AT MU/ BE PR(ESS$4 ,EV]Y?+ 
?AT /&S 9 ! WAY ( DESIRE--PR9CIPALLY SOCIETY--MU/ !RE=E BE M]CILESSLY DE/ROY$4 ,N[ WE 
CAN UND]/& ,&RE ,BRETON'S REM>K AB\T ,SADE3 0,C]TA9LY MAN NO LONG] CONS5TS TO UNITE ) NATURE 
EXCEPT 9 CRIME2 IT 
REMA9S TO BE SE5 IF ?IS IS NOT ONE ( ! WILDE/1 ! MO/ 9CONTE/ABLE1 WAYS ( LOV+40 ,IT IS EASY TO 
SEE ?AT HE IS TALK+ ( LOVE )\T AN OBJECT1 :I* IS LOVE AS EXP]I5C$ BY PEOPLE :O >E TORN 
ASUND]4 ,BUT ?IS EMPTY1 AVID LOVE1 ?IS 9SANE DESIRE = POSSESSION1 IS PRECISELY ! LOVE ?AT SOCIETY 
9EVITABLY ?W>TS4 ,?AT IS :Y ,BRETON1 :O /ILL BE>S ! /IGMA ( HIS DECL>ATIONS1 WAS ABLE TO S+ ! 
PRAISES ( TREASON & DECL>E 7AS ! SURREALI/S HAVE TRI$ TO PROVE7 ?AT VIOL5CE IS ! ONLY ADEQUATE 
MODE ( EXPRESSION4 

,BUT SOCIETY IS NOT ONLY COMPOS$ ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IT IS ALSO AN 9/ITUTION4 ,TOO WELL-MANN]$ TO KILL 
EV]YBODY1 ! SURREALI/S1 BY ! V]Y LOGIC ( !IR ATTITUDE1 CAME TO CONSID] ?AT1 9 ORD] TO LIB]ATE 
DESIRE1 SOCIETY MU/ FIR/ BE OV]?R[N4 ,!Y *OSE TO S]VE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( !IR TIMES4 

,FROM ,WALPOLE & ,SADE--) AN 9EVITABILITY ?AT COMPRISES ! SUBJECT ( ?IS BOOK-- SURREALI/S 
PASS$ ON TO ,HELVETIUS & ,M>X4 ,BUT IT IS OBVI\S ?AT IT IS NOT ! /UDY ( ,M>XISM ?AT L$ !M TO 
REVOLUTION4.<#a#g.> ,QUITE ! CONTR>Y3 SURREALISM IS 9VOLV$ 9 AN 9CESSANT EF=T TO RECONCILE1 ) ,M>XISM1 
! 9EVITABLE CONCLUSIONS ?AT L$ IT TO REVOLUTION4 ,WE CAN SAY1 )\T BE+ P>ADOXICAL1 ?AT ! 
SURREALI/S >RIV$ AT ,M>XISM ON ACC\NT ( :AT1 TODAY1 !Y MO/ DETE/ 9 ,M>X4 ,KN[+ ! BASIS 
& ! NOBILITY ( ! MOTIVES ?AT COMPELL$ HIM1 P>TICUL>LY :5 ONE HAS %>$ ! SAME LAC]AT+ 
EXP]I5CES1 ONE HESITATES TO REM9D ,&RE0 ,BRETON ?AT HIS MOVEM5T IMPLI$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( 
0RU?LESS AU?ORITY0 & ( DICTATOR%IP1 ( POLITICAL FANATICISM1 ! REFUSAL ( FREE DISCUSSION1 & ! 
NECESSITY ( ! DEA? P5ALTY4 ,! PECULI> VOCABUL>Y ( ?AT P]IOD IS ALSO A/ONI%+ 70SABOTAGE10 
09=M]10 ETC47 9 ?AT IT IS ! VOCABUL>Y ( A POLICE-DOM9AT$ REVOLUTION4 ,BUT !SE FR5ETICS WANT$ 
0ANY SORT ( REVOLUTION10 NO MATT] :AT AS LONG AS IT RESCU$ !M FROM ! WORLD ( %OPKEEP]S & 
COMPROMISE 9 :I* !Y W]E =C$ TO LIVE4 ,9 ?AT !Y C\LD NOT HAVE ! BE/1 !Y /ILL PREF]R$ ! 
WOR/4 ,9 ?AT RESPECT !Y W]E NIHILI/S4 ,!Y W]E NOT AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT ?OSE AMONG !M :O 
W]E1 9 ! FUTURE1 TO REMA9 FAI?FUL TO ,M>XISM W]E FAI?FUL AT ! SAME TIME TO !IR 9ITIAL NIHILISM4 ,! REAL 
DE/RUCTION ( LANGUAGE1 :I* ! SURREALI/S SO OB/9ATELY WANT$1 DOES NOT LIE 9 9COH]5CE OR 
AUTOMATISM4 ,IT LIES 9 ! WORD ORD]4 ,IT WAS PO9TLESS = ,>AGON TO BEG9 ) A D5UNCIATION ( ! 
0%AMEFUL PRAGMATIC ATTITUDE10 = 9 ?AT ATTITUDE HE F9ALLY F\ND TOTAL LIB]ATION FROM MORALITY1 EV5 IF 
?AT LIB]ATION CO9CID$ ) ANO!R =M ( S]VITUDE4 ,! SURREALI/ :O M$ITAT$ MO/ PR(\NDLY 
AB\T ?IS PROBLEM1 ,PI]RE ,NAVILLE1 9 TRY+ TO F9D ! D5OM9ATOR COMMON TO REVOLUTION>Y ACTION & 
SURREALI/ ACTION1 LOCALIZ$ IT1 ) CONSID]ABLE P5ETRATION1 9 PESSIMISM1 MEAN+ 9 0! 9T5TION ( 
ACCOMPANY+ MAN TO HIS D[NFALL & ( OV]LOOK+ NO?+ ?AT C\LD 5SURE ?AT HIS P]DITION MI<T 
BE USEFUL40 ,?IS MIXTURE ( ,MA*IAVELLIANISM & ,AUGU/9ISM 9 FACT EXPLA9S TW5TIE?-C5TURY 
REBELLION2 NO MORE AUDACI\S EXPRESSION CAN BE GIV5 TO ! NIHILISM ( ! TIMES4 ,! R5EGADES ( 
SURREALISM W]E FAI?FUL TO MO/ ( ! PR9CIPLES ( NIHILISM4 ,9 A C]TA9 WAY1 !Y WANT$ TO DIE4 ,IF 
,&RE ,BRETON & A FEW O!RS F9ALLY BROKE ) ,M>XISM1 IT WAS BECAUSE !RE WAS SOME?+ 9 !M 
BEYOND NIHILISM1 A SECOND LOYALTY TO :AT IS PURE/ 9 ! ORIG9S ( REBELLION3 !Y DID NOT WANT TO DIE4 

,C]TA9LY1 ! SURREALI/S WANT$ TO PR(ESS MAT]IALISM4 0,WE >E PLEAS$ TO RECOGNIZE AS ONE ( ! PRIME 
CAUSES ( ! MUT9Y ON BO>D ! BATTLE%IP ,POTEMK9 ?AT T]RIBLE PIECE ( MEAT40 ,BUT !RE IS NOT ) 
!M1 AS ) ! ,M>XI/S1 A FEEL+ ( FRI5D%IP1 EV5 9TELLECTUAL1 = ?AT PIECE ( MEAT4 ,PUTRID MEAT 
TYPIFIES ONLY ! REAL WORLD1 :I* 9 FACT GIVES BIR? TO REVOLT1 BUT AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,IT EXPLA9S NO?+1 EV5 
?\< IT JU/IFIES EV]Y?+4 ,REVOLUTION1 = ! SURREALI/S1 WAS NOT AN 5D TO BE REALIZ$ DAY BY DAY1 9 
ACTION1 BUT AN ABSOLUTE & CONSOLATORY MY?4 ,IT WAS 0! REAL LIFE1 LIKE LOVE10 ( :I* ,ELU>D SPOKE1 :O 
AT ?AT TIME HAD NO IDEA ?AT HIS FRI5D ,KAL&RA W\LD DIE ( ?AT SORT ( LIFE4 ,!Y WANT$ ! 
0COMMUNISM ( G5IUS10 NOT ! O!R =M ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,!SE PECULI> ,M>XI/S DECL>$ !MSELVES 
9 REBELLION AGA9/ HI/ORY & EXTOLL$ ! H]OIC 9DIVIDUAL4 0,HI/ORY IS GOV]N$ BY LAWS1 :I* >E 
CONDITION$ BY ! C[>DICE ( 9DIVIDUALS40 ,&R#f ,BRETON WANT$ REVOLUTION & LOVE TOGE!R--& !Y >E 9COMPATIBLE4 ,REVOLUTION CONSI/S 9 LOV+ A MAN :O DOES NOT YET EXI/4 ,BUT 
HE :O LOVES A LIV+ BE+1 IF HE REALLY LOVES1 CAN ONLY CONS5T TO DIE = ! SAKE ( ! BE+ HE LOVES4 ,9 REALITY1 
REVOLUTION = ,&RE ,BRETON WAS ONLY A P>TICUL> ASPECT ( REBELLION1 :ILE = ,M>XI/S &1 9 G5]AL1 = ALL 
POLITICAL P]SUASIONS1 ONLY ! CONTR>Y IS TRUE4 ,BRETON WAS NOT TRY+ TO CREATE1 BY ACTION1 ! PROMIS$ L& ?AT WAS 
SUPPOS$ TO CR[N HI/ORY4 ,ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TAL !SES ( SURREALISM IS1 9 FACT1 ?AT !RE IS NO SALVATION4 ,! 
ADVANTAGE ( REVOLUTION WAS NOT ?AT IT GIVES MANK9D HAPP9ESS1 0ABOM9ABLE MAT]IAL COM=T40 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 
ACCORD+ TO ,BRETON1 IT %\LD PURIFY & ILLUM9ATE MAN'S TRAGIC CONDITION4 ,WORLD REVOLUTION & ! T]RIBLE 
SACRIFICES IT IMPLIES W\LD ONLY BR+ ONE ADVANTAGE3 0PREV5T+ ! COMPLETELY >TIFICIAL PREC>I\SNESS ( ! 
SOCIAL CONDITION FROM SCRE5+ ! REAL PREC>I\SNESS ( ! HUMAN CONDITION40 ,QUITE SIMPLY1 = ,BRETON1 ?IS =M 
( PROGRESS WAS EXCESSIVE4 ,ONE MI<T AS WELL SAY ?AT REVOLUTION %\LD BE 5ROLL$ 9 ! S]VICE ( ! 9N] 
ASCETICISM BY :I* 9DIVIDUAL M5 CAN TRANSFIGURE REALITY 9TO ! SUP]NATURAL1 0! BRILLIANT REV5GE ( MAN'S 
IMAG9ATION40 ,) ,&RE ,BRETON1 ! SUP]NATURAL HOLDS ! SAME PLACE AS ! RATIONAL DOES ) ,HEGEL4 ,?US IT 
W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO IMAG9E A MORE COMPLETE ANTI!SIS TO ! POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ( ,M>XISM4 ,! L5G?Y 
HESITATIONS ( ?OSE :OM ,>TAUD CALL$ ! ,AMIELS ( REVOLUTION >E EASILY EXPLA9$4 ,! SURREALI/S W]E MORE 
DIFF]5T FROM ,M>X ?AN W]E REACTION>IES LIKE ,JOSEPH DE ,MAI/RE1 = EXAMPLE4 ,! REACTION>IES MADE USE ( ! 
TRAG$Y ( EXI/5CE TO REJECT REVOLUTION--9 O!R WORDS1 TO PRES]VE A HI/ORICAL SITUATION4 ,! ,M>XI/S MADE USE 
( IT TO JU/IFY REVOLUTION--9 O!R WORDS1 TO CREATE ANO!R HI/ORICAL SITUATION4 ,BO? MAKE USE ( ! HUMAN TRAG$Y 
TO FUR!R !IR PRAGMATIC 5DS4 ,BUT ,BRETON MADE USE ( REVOLUTION TO CONSUMMATE ! TRAG$Y &1 9 SPITE ( ! 
TITLE ( HIS MAGAZ9E1 MADE USE ( REVOLUTION TO FUR!R ! SURREALI/ ADV5TURE4 

,F9ALLY1 ! DEF9ITIVE RUPTURE IS EXPLA9$ IF ONE CONSID]S ?AT ,M>XISM 9SI/$ ON ! SUBMISSION ( ! IRRATIONAL1 
:ILE ! SURREALI/S ROSE TO DEF5D IRRATIONALITY TO ! DEA?4 ,M>XISM T5D$ T[>D ! CONQUE/ ( 
TOTALITY1 & SURREALISM1 LIKE ALL SPIRITUAL EXP]I5CES1 T5D$ T[>D UNITY4 ,TOTALITY CAN DEM& ! 
SUBMISSION ( ! IRRATIONAL1 IF RATIONALISM SUFFICES TO CONQU] ! WORLD4 ,BUT ! DESIRE = UNITY IS MORE 
DEM&+4 ,IT DOES NOT SUFFICE ?AT EV]Y?+ %\LD BE RATIONAL4 ,IT WANTS1 ABOVE ALL1 ! RATIONAL & ! 
IRRATIONAL TO BE RECONCIL$ ON ! SAME LEVEL4 ,!RE IS NO UNITY ?AT SUPPOSES ANY =M ( MUTILATION4 

,= ,&RE ,BRETON1 TOTALITY C\LD BE ONLY A /AGE1 A NECESS>Y /AGE P]HAPS1 BUT C]TA9LY 9ADEQUATE1 ON 
! WAY ?AT LEADS TO UNITY4 ,H]E WE F9D ONCE AGA9 ! !ME ( ,ALL OR ,NO?+4 ,SURREALISM T5DS T[>D 
UNIV]SALITY1 & ! CURI\S BUT PR(\ND REPROA* ?AT ,BRETON MAKES TO ,M>X CONSI/S 9 SAY+ QUITE 
JU/IFIABLY ?AT ! LATT] IS NOT UNIV]SAL4 ,! SURREALI/S WANT$ TO RECONCILE ,M>X'S 0LET US TRANS=M ! 
WORLD0 ) ,RIMBAUD'S 0LET US *ANGE LIFE40 ,BUT ! FIR/ LEADS TO ! CONQUE/ ( ! TOTALITY ( ! WORLD 
& ! SECOND TO ! CONQUE/ ( ! UNITY ( LIFE4 ,P>ADOXICALLY1 EV]Y =M ( TOTALITY IS RE/RICTIVE4 ,9 
! 5D1 ! TWO =MULAS SUCCE$$ 9 SPLITT+ ! SURREALI/ GR\P4 ,BY *OOS+ ,RIMBAUD1 ,BRETON 
DEMON/RAT$ ?AT SURREALISM WAS NOT CONC]N$ ) ACTION1 BUT ) ASCETICISM & SPIRITUAL EXP]I5CE4 

,HE AGA9 GAVE FIR/ PLACE TO :AT COMPOS$ ! PR(\ND ORIG9ALITY ( HIS MOVEM5T3 ! RE/ORATION ( 
! SACR$ & ! CONQUE/ ( UNITY1 :I* MAKE SURREALISM SO 9VALUABLE = A CONSID]ATION ( ! 
PROBLEM ( REBELLION4 ,! MORE HE ELABORAT$ ON ?IS ORIG9AL CONCEPT1 ! MORE IRREP>ABLY HE SEP>AT$ 
HIMSELF FROM HIS POLITICAL COMPANIONS1 & AT ! SAME TIME FROM SOME ( HIS FIR/ MANIFE/OES4 

,&RE ,BRETON NEV]1 ACTUALLY1 WAV]$ 9 HIS SUPPORT ( SURREALISM--! FUSION ( A DREAM & ( REALITY1 
! SUBLIMATION ( ! OLD CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! IDEAL & ! REAL4 ,WE KN[ ! SURREALI/ SOLUTION3 
CONCRETE IRRATIONALITY1 OBJECTIVE RISK4 ,POETRY IS ! CONQUE/1 ! ONLY POSSIBLE CONQUE/1 ( ! 0SUPREME 
POSITION40 0,A C]TA9 POSITION ( ! M9D FROM :]E LIFE & DEA?1 ! REAL & ! IMAG9>Y1 ! PA/ 
& ! FUTURE 4 4 4 CEASE TO BE P]CEIV$ 9 A CONTRADICTORY S5SE40 ,:AT IS ?IS SUPREME POSITION ?AT 
%\LD M>K ! 0COLOSSAL ABORTION ( ! ,HEGELIAN SY/EM08 ,IT IS ! SE>* = ! SUMMIT-ABYSS1 
FAMILI> TO ! MY/ICS4 ,ACTUALLY1 IT IS ! MY/ICISM 
)\T ,GOD :I* DEMON/RATES & QU5*ES ! REBEL'S ?IR/ = ! ABSOLUTE4 ,! ESS5TIAL 5EMY ( 
SURREALISM IS RATIONALISM4 ,BRETON'S ME?OD1 MOREOV]1 PRES5TS ! PECULI> SPECTACLE ( A =M ( 
,OCCID5TAL ?\<T 9 :I* ! PR9CIPLE ( ANALOGY IS CONT9UALLY FAVOR$ TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! 
PR9CIPLES ( ID5TITY & CONTRADICTION4 ,MORE PRECISELY1 IT IS A QUE/ION ( DISSOLV+ CONTRADICTIONS 9 ! 
FIRES ( LOVE & DESIRE & ( DEMOLI%+ ! WALLS ( DEA?4 ,MAGIC RITES1 PRIMITIVE OR NAIVE CIVILIZATIONS1 
AL*EMY1 ! LANGUAGE ( FL[]S1 FIRE1 OR SLEEPLESS NI<TS1 >E SO MANY MIRACUL\S /AGES ON ! WAY TO 
UNITY & ! PHILOSOPH]S' /ONE4 ,IF SURREALISM DID NOT *ANGE ! WORLD1 IT FURNI%$ IT ) A FEW /RANGE 
MY?S :I* P>TLY JU/IFI$ ,NIETZS*E'S ANN\NCEM5T ( ! RETURN ( ! ,GREEKS4 ,ONLY P>TLY1 BECAUSE 
HE WAS REF]R+ TO UN5LI<T5$ ,GREECE1 ! ,GREECE ( MY/]IES & D>K GODS4 ,F9ALLY1 JU/ AS 
,NIETZS*E'S EXP]I5CE CULM9AT$ 9 ! ACCEPTANCE ( ! LI<T ( DAY1 SURREALI/ EXP]I5CE CULM9ATES 
9 ! EXALTATION ( ! D>KNESS ( NI<T1 ! AGONIZ$ & OB/9ATE CULT ( ! TEMPE/4 ,BRETON1 
ACCORD+ TO HIS [N /ATEM5TS1 UND]/OOD ?AT1 DESPITE EV]Y?+1 LIFE WAS A GIFT4 ,BUT HIS COMPLIANCE 
C\LD NEV] %$ ! FULL LI<T ( DAY1 ! LI<T ?AT ALL ( US NE$4 0,!RE IS TOO MU* ( ! NOR? 9 ME10 
HE SAID1 0= ME TO BE A MAN :O COMPLIES 5TIRELY40 

,HE NEV]!LESS (T5 DIM9I%$1 TO HIS [N DETRIM5T1 ! IMPORTANCE ( NEGATION & ADVANC$ ! 
POSITIVE CLAIMS ( REBELLION4 ,HE *OSE SEV]ITY RA!R ?AN SIL5CE & RETA9$ ONLY ! 0DEM& = 
MORALITY10 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,BATAILLE1 FIR/ GAVE LIFE TO SURREALISM3 0,TO SUB/ITUTE A NEW MORALITY = 
CURR5T MORALITY1 :I* IS ! CAUSE ( ALL \R EVILS40 ,( C\RSE HE DID NOT SUCCE$ 7NOR HAS ANYBODY 9 
\R TIME7 9 ! ATTEMPT TO F\ND A NEW MORALITY4 ,BUT HE NEV] DESPAIR$ ( BE+ ABLE TO DO SO4 

,CONFRONT$ ) ! HORROR ( A P]IOD 9 :I* MAN1 :OM HE WANT$ TO MAGNIFY1 HAS BE5 P]SI/5TLY 
DEGRAD$ 9 ! NAME ( C]TA9 PR9CIPLES ?AT SURREALISM ADOPT$1 ,BRETON FELT CON/RA9$ TO PROPOSE1 
PROVISIONALLY1 A RETURN TO TRADITIONAL MORALITY4 ,?AT REPRES5TS A HESITATION P]HAPS4 ,BUT IT IS ! HESITATION 
( NIHILISM & ! REAL PROGRESS ( REBELLION4 ,AFT] ALL1 :5 HE C\LD NOT GIVE HIMSELF ! MORALITY & 
! VALUES ( :OSE NECESSITY 
HE WAS CLE>LY AW>E1 WE KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT ,BRETON *OSE LOVE4 ,9 ! G5]AL MEANNESS ( HIS TIMES-- 
& ?IS CANNOT BE =GOTT5--HE IS ! ONLY P]SON :O WROTE PR(\NDLY ABOVE LOVE4 ,LOVE IS ! 
5TRANC$ MORALITY ?AT S]V$ ?IS EXILE AS A NATIVE L&4 ,( C\RSE1 A DIM5SION IS /ILL MISS+ H]E4 

,SURREALISM1 9 ?AT IT IS NEI!R POLITICS NOR RELIGION1 IS P]HAPS ONLY AN UNBE>ABLE =M ( WISDOM4 ,BUT IT 
IS ALSO ! ABSOLUTE PRO( ?AT !RE IS NO COM=TABLE =M ( WISDOM3 0,WE WANT1 WE %ALL HAVE1 ! 
H]EAFT] 9 \R LIFETIME10 ,BRETON HAS ADMIRABLY EXCLAIM$4 ,:ILE REASON EMB>KS ON ACTION & SETS ITS 
>MIES M>*+ ON ! WORLD1 ! SPL5DID NI<T 9 :I* ,BRETON DELI<TS ANN\NCES DAWNS ?AT HAVE NOT 
YET BROK51 &1 AS WELL1 ! ADV5T ( ! POET ( \R R5AISSANCE3 ,R5E ,*>4 

,NIHILISM & ,HI/ORY 

,ONE HUNDR$ & FIFTY YE>S ( METAPHYSICAL REBELLION & ( NIHILISM HAVE WITNESS$ ! P]SI/5T 
REAPPE>ANCE1 UND] DIFF]5T GUISES1 ( ! SAME RAVAG$ C\NT5ANCE3 ! FACE ( HUMAN PROTE/4 ,ALL ( 
!M1 DECRY+ ! HUMAN CONDITION & ITS CREATOR1 HAVE AFFIRM$ ! SOLITUDE ( MAN & ! 
NONEXI/5CE ( ANY K9D ( MORALITY4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME !Y HAVE ALL TRI$ TO CON/RUCT A PURELY 
T]RE/RIAL K+DOM :]E !IR *OS5 PR9CIPLES WILL HOLD SWAY4 ,AS RIVALS ( ! ,CREATOR1 !Y HAVE 
9ESCAPABLY BE5 L$ TO ! PO9T ( RECON/RUCT+ CREATION ACCORD+ TO !IR [N CONCEPTS4 ,?OSE :O 
REJECT$1 = ! SAKE ( ! WORLD !Y HAD JU/ CREAT$1 ALL O!R PR9CIPLES BUT DESIRE & P[]1 HAVE 
RU%$ TO SUICIDE OR MADNESS & HAVE PROCLAIM$ ! APOCALYPSE4 ,AS = ! RE/1 :O WANT$ TO CREATE 
!IR [N PR9CIPLES1 !Y HAVE *OS5 POMP & C]EMONY1 ! WORLD ( APPE>ANCES1 OR BANALITY1 OR 
AGA9 MURD] & DE/RUCTION4 ,BUT ,SADE & ! ROMANTICS1 ,K>AMAZOV OR ,NIETZS*E ONLY 5T]$ ! 
WORLD ( DEA? BECAUSE !Y WANT$ TO DISCOV] ! TRUE LIFE4 ,SO ?AT BY A PROCESS ( 9V]SION1 IT IS ! 
DESP]ATE APPEAL = ORD] ?AT R+S ?R\< ?IS 9SANE UNIV]SE4 ,!IR CONCLUSIONS HAVE ONLY PROV$ 
DISA/R\S OR DE/RUCTIVE TO FRE$OM FROM ! MOM5T !Y LAID ASIDE ! BURD5 ( REBELLION1 FL$ ! 
T5SION ?AT IT IMPLIES1 & *OSE ! COM=T ( TYRANNY OR ( S]VITUDE4 

,HUMAN 9SURRECTION1 9 ITS EXALT$ & TRAGIC =MS1 IS ONLY1 & CAN ONLY BE1 A PROLONG$ PROTE/ AGA9/ 
DEA?1 A VIOL5T ACCUSATION AGA9/ ! UNIV]SAL DEA? P5ALTY4 ,9 EV]Y CASE ?AT WE HAVE COME ACROSS1 
! PROTE/ IS ALWAYS DIRECT$ AT EV]Y?+ 9 CREATION :I* IS DISSONANT1 
OPAQUE1 OR PROMISES ! SOLUTION ( CONT9UITY4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 !N1 WE >E DEAL+ ) A P]PETUAL DEM& = UNITY4 

,! REJECTION ( DEA?1 ! DESIRE = IMMORTALITY & = CL>ITY1 >E ! MA9SPR+S ( ALL !SE EXTRAVAGANCES1 
:E!R SUBLIME OR PU]ILE4 ,IS IT ONLY A C[>DLY & P]SONAL REFUSAL TO DIE8 ,NO1 = MANY ( !SE REBELS HAVE PAID 
! ULTIMATE PRICE 9 ORD] TO LIVE UP TO !IR [N DEM&S4 ,! REBEL DOES NOT ASK = LIFE1 BUT = REASONS = LIV+4 

,HE REJECTS ! CONSEQU5CES IMPLI$ BY DEA?4 ,IF NO?+ LA/S1 !N NO?+ IS JU/IFI$2 EV]Y?+ ?AT DIES IS 
DEPRIV$ ( MEAN+4 ,TO FI<T AGA9/ DEA? AM\NTS TO CLAIM+ ?AT LIFE HAS A MEAN+1 TO FI<T+ = ORD] & 
= UNITY4 

,! PROTE/ AGA9/ EVIL :I* IS AT ! V]Y CORE ( METAPHYSICAL REVOLT IS SIGNIFICANT 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,IT IS NOT ! 
SUFF]+ ( A *ILD1 :I* IS REPUGNANT 9 ITSELF1 BUT ! FACT ?AT ! SUFF]+ IS NOT JU/IFI$4 ,AFT] ALL1 PA91 EXILE1 
OR CONF9EM5T >E SOMETIMES ACCEPT$ :5 DICTAT$ BY GOOD S5SE OR BY ! DOCTOR4 ,9 ! EYES ( ! REBEL1 :AT 
IS MISS+ FROM ! MIS]Y ( ! WORLD1 AS WELL AS FROM ITS MOM5TS ( HAPP9ESS1 IS SOME PR9CIPLE BY :I* !Y 
CAN BE EXPLA9$4 ,! 9SURRECTION AGA9/ EVIL IS1 ABOVE ALL1 A DEM& = UNITY4 ,! REBEL OB/9ATELY CONFRONTS A 
WORLD CONDEMN$ TO DEA? & ! IMP5ETRABLE OBSCURITY ( ! HUMAN CONDITION ) HIS DEM& = LIFE & 
ABSOLUTE CL>ITY4 ,HE IS SEEK+1 )\T KN[+ IT1 A MORAL PHILOSOPHY OR A RELIGION4 ,REBELLION1 EV5 ?\< IT IS 
BL9D1 IS A =M ( ASCETICISM4 ,!RE=E1 IF ! REBEL BLASPHEMES1 IT IS 9 ! HOPE ( F9D+ A NEW GOD4 ,HE /AGG]S 
UND] ! %OCK ( ! FIR/ & MO/ PR(\ND ( ALL RELIGI\S EXP]I5CES1 BUT IT IS A DIS5*ANT$ RELIGI\S 
EXP]I5CE4 ,IT IS NOT REBELLION ITSELF ?AT IS NOBLE1 BUT ITS AIMS1 EV5 ?\< ITS A*IEVEM5TS >E AT TIMES IGNOBLE4 

,AT LEA/ WE MU/ KN[ H[ TO RECOGNIZE ! IGNOBLE 5DS IT A*IEVES4 ,EA* TIME ?AT IT DEIFIES ! TOTAL REJECTION1 ! 
ABSOLUTE NEGATION1 ( :AT EXI/S1 IT DE/ROYS4 ,EA* TIME ?AT IT BL9DLY ACCEPTS :AT EXI/S & GIVES VOICE TO 
ABSOLUTE ASS5T1 IT DE/ROYS AGA94 ,HATR$ ( ! 2 CREATOR CAN TURN TO HATR$ ( CREATION OR TO EXCLUSIVE & DEFIANT 
LOVE ( :AT EXI/S4 ,BUT 9 BO? CASES IT 5DS 9 MURD] & LOSES ! RI<T TO BE CALL$ REBELLION4 ,ONE CAN 
BE NIHILI/ 9 TWO WAYS1 9 BO? BY HAV+ AN 9TEMP]ATE REC\RSE TO ABSOLUTES4 ,APP>5TLY !RE >E REBELS :O 
WANT TO DIE & ?OSE :O WANT TO CAUSE DEA?4 ,BUT !Y >E ID5TICAL1 CONSUM$ ) DESIRE = ! TRUE LIFE1 
FRU/RAT$ BY !IR DESIRE = EXI/5CE & !RE=E PREF]R+ G5]ALIZ$ 9JU/ICE TO MUTILAT$ JU/ICE4 ,AT ?IS 
PIT* ( 9DIGNATION1 REASON BECOMES MADNESS4 ,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ! 9/9CTIVE REBELLION ( ! HUMAN HE>T ADVANCES 
GRADUALLY ?R\< ! C5TURIES T[>D ITS MO/ COMPLETE REALIZATION1 IT HAS ALSO GR[N1 AS WE HAVE SE51 9 BL9D 
AUDACITY1 TO ! 9ORD9ATE EXT5T ( DECID+ TO ANSW] UNIV]SAL MURD] BY METAPHYSICAL ASSASS9ATION4 

,! EV5 IF1 :I* WE HAVE ALREADY RECOGNIZ$ AS M>K+ ! MO/ IMPORTANT MOM5T ( METAPHYSICAL REBELLION1 IS 
9 ANY CASE ONLY FULFILL$ 9 ABSOLUTE DE/RUCTION4 ,IT IS NOT ! NOBILITY ( REBELLION ?AT ILLUM9ATES ! WORLD TODAY1 
BUT NIHILISM4 ,& IT IS ! CONSEQU5CES ( NIHILISM ?AT WE MU/ RETRACE1 )\T LOS+ SI<T ( ! TRU? 9NATE 9 
ITS ORIG9S4 ,EV5 IF ,GOD EXI/$1 ,IVAN W\LD NEV] SURR5D] TO ,HIM 9 ! FACE ( ! 9JU/ICE DONE TO MAN4 ,BUT A 
LONG] CONTEMPLATION ( ?IS 9JU/ICE1 A MORE BITT] APPROA*1 TRANS=M$ ! 0EV5 IF Y\ EXI/0 9TO 0Y\ DO NOT 
DES]VE TO EXI/10 !RE=E 0Y\ DO NOT EXI/40 ,! VICTIMS HAVE F\ND 9 !IR [N 9NOC5CE ! JU/IFICATION = 
! F9AL CRIME4 ,CONV9C$ ( !IR CONDEMNATION & )\T HOPE ( IMMORTALITY1 !Y DECID$ TO MURD] ,GOD4 ,IF IT 
IS FALSE TO SAY ?AT FROM ?AT DAY BEGAN ! TRAG$Y ( CONTEMPOR>Y MAN1 NEI!R IS IT TRUE TO SAY ?AT !RE WAS 
:]E IT 5D$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?IS ATTEMPT 9DICATES ! HI<E/ PO9T 9 A DRAMA ?AT BEGAN ) ! 5D ( ! 
ANCI5T WORLD & ( :I* ! F9AL WORDS HAVE NOT YET BE5 SPOK54 ,FROM ?IS MOM5T1 MAN DECIDES TO EXCLUDE 
HIMSELF FROM GRACE & TO LIVE BY HIS [N MEANS4 ,PROGRESS1 FROM ! TIME ( ,SADE UP TO ! PRES5T DAY1 HAS 
CONSI/$ 9 GRADUALLY 5L>G+ ! /RON<OLD :]E1 ACCORD+ TO HIS [N RULES1 MAN )\T ,GOD BRUTALLY WIELDS 
P[]4 ,9 DEFIANCE ( ! DIV9ITY1 ! FRONTI]S ( ?IS /RON<OLD HAVE BE5 GRADUALLY EXT5D$1 TO ! PO9T ( 
MAK+ ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE 9TO A =TRESS ]ECT$ AGA9/ ! FALL5 & EXIL$ DEITY4 ,MAN1 AT ! CULM9ATION ( HIS 
REBELLION1 9C>C]AT$ HIMSELF2 FROM ,SADE'S LURID CA/LE 
TO ! CONC5TRATION CAMPS1 MAN'S GREATE/ LIB]TY CONSI/$ ONLY 9 BUILD+ ! PRISON ( HIS CRIMES4 ,BUT ! /ATE ( 
SIEGE GRADUALLY SPREADS1 ! DEM& = FRE$OM WANTS TO EMBRACE ALL MANK9D4 ,!N ! ONLY K+DOM ?AT IS 
OPPOS$ TO ! K+DOM ( GRACE MU/ BE F\ND$ --NAMELY1 ! K+DOM ( JU/ICE--& ! HUMAN COMMUNITY 
MU/ BE REUNIT$ AMONG ! DEBRIS ( ! FALL5 ,CITY ( ,GOD4 ,TO KILL ,GOD & TO BUILD A ,*UR* >E ! CON/ANT & 
CONTRADICTORY PURPOSE ( REBELLION4 ,ABSOLUTE FRE$OM F9ALLY BECOMES A PRISON ( ABSOLUTE DUTIES1 A COLLECTIVE 
ASCETICISM1 A /ORY TO BE BR\<T TO AN 5D4 ,! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 :I* IS ! C5TURY ( REBELLION1 ?US M]GES 
9TO ! TW5TIE?1 ! C5TURY ( JU/ICE & E?ICS1 9 :I* EV]YONE 9DULGES 9 SELF-RECRIM9ATION4 ,*AM=T1 ! 
MORALI/ ( REBELLION1 HAD ALREADY PROVID$ ! =MULA3 0,ONE MU/ BE JU/ BE=E BE+ G5]\S1 AS ONE MU/ HAVE 
BREAD BE=E HAV+ CAKE40 ,?US ! E?IC ( LUXURY WILL BE R5\NC$ 9 FAVOR ( ! BITT] MORALITY ( ! EMPIRE- 
BUILD]S4 

,WE MU/ N[ EMB>K ON ! SUBJECT ( ?IS CONVULSIVE EF=T TO CONTROL ! WORLD & TO 9TRODUCE A UNIV]SAL RULE4 
,WE HAVE >RIV$ AT ! MOM5T :5 REBELLION1 REJECT+ EV]Y ASPECT ( S]VITUDE1 ATTEMPTS TO ANNEX ALL CREATION4 
,EV]Y TIME IT EXP]I5CES A SETBACK1 WE HAVE ALREADY SE5 ?AT ! POLITICAL SOLUTION1 ! SOLUTION ( CONQUE/1 IS 
=MULAT$4 ,H5CE=?1 ) ! 9TRODUCTION ( MORAL NIHILISM1 IT WILL RETA91 ( ALL ITS ACQUISITIONS1 ONLY ! WILL TO 
P[]4 ,9 PR9CIPLE1 ! REBEL ONLY WANT$ TO CONQU] HIS [N EXI/5CE & TO MA9TA9 IT 9 ! FACE ( ,GOD4 ,BUT HE 
=GETS HIS ORIG9S &1 BY ! LAW ( SPIRITUAL IMP]IALISM1 HE SETS \T 9 SE>* ( WORLD CONQUE/ BY WAY ( AN 
9F9ITELY MULTIPLI$ S]IES ( MURD]S4 ,HE DROVE ,GOD FROM ,HIS HEAV51 BUT N[ ?AT ! SPIRIT ( METAPHYSICAL 
REBELLION OP5LY JO9S =CES ) REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 ! IRRATIONAL CLAIM = FRE$OM P>ADOXICALLY ADOPTS 
REASON AS A WEAPON1 & AS ! ONLY MEANS ( CONQUE/ :I* APPE>S 5TIRELY HUMAN4 ,) ! DEA? ( ,GOD1 
MANK9D REMA9S2 & BY ?IS WE MEAN ! HI/ORY ?AT WE MU/ UND]/& & %APE4 ,NIHILISM1 :I*1 9 ! V]Y 
MID/ ( REBELLION1 SMO!RS ! =CE ( CREATION1 ONLY ADDS ?AT ONE IS JU/IFI$ 9 US+ EV]Y 
MEANS AT ONE'S DISPOSAL4 ,MAN1 ON AN E>? ?AT HE KN[S IS H5CE=? SOLIT>Y1 IS GO+ TO ADD1 TO 
IRRATIONAL CRIMES1 ! CRIMES ( REASON ?AT >E B5T ON ! TRIUMPH ( MAN4 ,TO ! 0,I REBEL1 !RE=E WE 
EXI/10 HE ADDS1 ) PRODIGI\S PLANS 9 M9D :I* EV5 9CLUDE ! DEA? ( REBELLION3 0,& WE >E 
ALONE40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#d1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b -- ,ADD$4 

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