,=EWORD 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,CAMUS 

,TEXT 3 

,=EWORD 

,) ! PUBLICATION ( ?IS BOOK A CL\D ?AT HAS OPPRESS$ ! ,EUROPEAN M9D = MORE ?AN A C5TURY BEG9S TO LIFT4 ,AFT] AN AGE ( ANXIETY1 DESPAIR1 & NIHILISM1 IT SEEMS POSSIBLE ONCE MORE TO HOPE--TO HAVE CONFID5CE AGA9 9 MAN & 9 ! FUTURE4 ,M4 ,CAMUS HAS NOT DELIV]$ US BY RHETORIC1 OR BY ANY ( ! >TS ( P]SUASION1 BUT BY ! CL>ITY ( HIS 9TELLIG5CE4 ,HIS BOOK IS A WORK ( LOGIC4 ,JU/ AS AN E>LI] WORK ( HIS 7,LE ,MY! DE ,SISYPHE7BEGAN ) A M$ITATION ON LIV+ OR NOT LIV+--ON ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! ACT ( SUICIDE--SO ?IS WORK BEG9S ) A M$ITATION ON 5DUR+ OR NOT 5DUR+--ON ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! ACT ( REBELLION4 ,IF WE DECIDE TO LIVE1 IT MU/ BE BECAUSE WE HAVE DECID$ ?AT \R P]SONAL EXI/5CE HAS SOME POSITIVE VALUE2 IF WE DECIDE TO REBEL1 IT MU/ BE BECAUSE WE HAVE DECID$ ?AT A HUMAN SOCIETY HAS SOME POSITIVE VALUE4 ,BUT 9 EA* CASE ! VALUES >E NOT 0GIV50--?AT IS ! ILLUSIONI/ TRICK PLAY$ BY RELIGION OR BY PHILOSOPHY4 ,!Y HAVE TO BE D$UC$ FROM ! CONDITIONS ( LIV+1 & >E TO BE ACCEPT$ ALONG ) ! SUFF]+ 5TAIL$ BY ! LIMITS ( ! POSSIBLE4 ,SOCIAL VALUES >E RULES ( CONDUCT IMPLICIT 9 A TRAGIC FATE2 & !Y (F] A HOPE ( CREATION4 

,! ,REBEL1?AT IS TO SAY1 (F]S US A PHILOSOPHY ( POLITICS4 ,IT IS A K9D ( BOOK ?AT APPE>S ONLY 9 ,FRANCE1 DEVOT$1 9 A PASSIONATE 9TELLECTUAL S5SE1 TO ! EXAM9ATION ( SU* CONCEPTS AS LIB]TY & T]ROR4 ,NOT ?AT IT IS A !ORETICAL WORK--ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS AN EXAM9ATION ( ! ACTUAL SITUATION ( ,EUROPE TODAY1 9=M$ BY A PRECISE HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE ( ! PA/ TWO C5TURIES ( ITS SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT IS 0AN ATTEMPT TO UND]/& ! TIMES40 

,CAMUS BELIEVES ?AT REVOLT IS ONE ( ! 0ESS5TIAL DIM5SIONS0 ( MANK9D4 ,IT IS USELESS TO D5Y ITS HI/ORICAL REALITY--RA!R WE MU/ SEEK 9 IT A PR9CIPLE ( EXI/5CE4 ,BUT ! NATURE ( REVOLT HAS *ANG$ RADICALLY 9 \R TIMES4 ,IT IS NO LONG] ! REVOLT ( ! SLAVE AGA9/ ! MA/]1 NOR EV5 ! REVOLT ( ! POOR AGA9/ ! RI*2 IT IS A METAPHYSICAL REVOLT1 ! REVOLT ( MAN AGA9/ ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE1 AGA9/ CREATION ITSELF4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS AN ASPIRATION T[>D CL>ITY & UNITY ( ?\<T--EV51P>ADOXICALLY1 T[>D ORD]4 ,?AT1 AT LEA/1 IS :AT IT BECOMES UND] ! 9TELLECTUAL GUIDANCE ( ,CAMUS4 

,HE REVIEWS ! HI/ORY ( ?IS METAPHYSICAL REVOLT1 BEG9N+ ) ! ABSOLUTE NEGATION ( ,SADE1 GLANC+ AT ,BAUDELAIRE & ! 0D&IES10 PASS+ ON TO ,/IRN]1 ,NIETZS*E1 ,LAUTREAMONT1 & ! SURREALI/S4 ,HIS ATTITUDE TO !SE PROPHETIC FIGURES IS NOT UNSYMPA!TIC1 & ONCE MORE IT IS 9T]E/+ TO OBS]VE ! 9FLU5CE ( ,&RE ,BRETON ON ! CONTEMPOR>Y M9D4 ,CAMUS !N TURNS TO ! HI/ORY ( REVOLT 9 ! POLITICAL S5SE1 HIS MA9 OBJECT BE+ TO DRAW A CLE> DI/9CTION BETWE5 REBELLION & REVOLUTION4 ,H]E1& NOT = ! FIR/ TIME1 ,CAMUS'S IDEAS COME CLOSE TO AN>*ISM1 = HE RECOGNIZES ?AT REVOLUTION ALWAYS IMPLIES ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A NEW GOV]NM5T1 :]EAS REBELLION IS ACTION )\T PLANN$ ISSUE--IT IS SPONTANE\S PROTE/ATION4 ,CAMUS REVIEWS ! HI/ORY ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ( ! REGICIDES & DEICIDES1 & %[S H[ 9EVITABLY1 FROM ,R\SSEAU TO ,/AL91 ! C\RSE ( REVOLUTION LEADS TO AU?ORIT>IAN DICTATOR%IP4 ,SA9T-,JU/ IS ! PRECURSOR ( ,L594 ,EV5 ,BAKUN91 TO :OM ,CAMUS DEVOTES SOME EXTREMELY 9T]E/+ PAGES 7PO9T+ \T1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT HE ALONE ( HIS TIME1 ) EXCEPTIONAL PR(UNDITY1 DECL>$ W> AGA9/ ! IDOLATRY ( SCI5CE7--EV5 ,BAKUN91 IF WE EXAM9E ! /ATUTES ( ! ,FRAT]NITY ,9T]NATIONALE 7#a#h#f#d-#g7 :I* HE DREW UP1 IS F\ND 9SI/+ ON ! ABSOLUTE SUBORD9ATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO A C5TRAL COMMITTEE ( ACTION4 

,ALL REVOLUTIONS 9 MOD]N TIMES1 ,CAMUS PO9TS \T1 HAVE L$ TO >E 5=CEM5T ( ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE40,! /RANGE & T]RIFY+ GR[? ( ! MOD]N ,/ATE CAN BE CONSID]$ AS ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION ( 9ORD9ATE TE*NICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL AMBITIONS1 =EIGN TO ! TRUE SPIRIT ( REBELLION1 BUT :I* NEV]!LESS GAVE BIR? TO ! 
REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( \R TIME4 ,! PROPHETIC DREAM ( ,M>X & ! OV]-9SPIR$ PR$ICTIONS ( ,HEGEL OR ( ,NIETZS*E 5D$ BY CONJUR+ UP1 AFT] ! CITY ( ,GOD HAD BE5 RAZ$ TO ! GR\ND1 A RATIONAL OR IRRATIONAL ,/ATE1 :I* 9 BO? CASES1 H[EV]1 WAS F\ND$ ON T]ROR40 ,! C\NT]REVOLUTIONS ( FASCISM ONLY S]VE TO RE9=CE ! G5]AL >GUM5T4 

,CAMUS %[S ! REAL QUALITY ( HIS ?\<T 9 HIS F9AL PAGES4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 EASY1 ON ! FACTS M>%AL$ 9 ?IS BOOK1 TO HAVE RETREAT$ 9TO DESPAIR OR 9ACTION4 ,CAMUS SUB/ITUTES ! IDEA ( 0LIMITS400,WE N[ KN[1 AT ! 5D ( ?IS LONG 9QUIRY 9TO REBELLION & NIHILISM1 ?AT REBELLION ) NO O!R LIMITS BUT HI/ORICAL EXP$I5CY SIGNIFIES UNLIMIT$ SLAV]Y4 ,TO ESCAPE ?IS FATE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y M9D1 IF IT WANTS TO REMA9 ALIVE1 MU/ !RE=E1 RETURN AGA9 TO ! S\RCES ( REBELLION & DRAW ITS 9SPIRATION FROM ! ONLY SY/EM ( ?\<T :I* IS FAI?FUL TO ITS ORIG9S3 ?\<T ?AT RECOGNIZES LIMITS40 ,TO ILLU/RATE HIS MEAN+ ,CAMUS REF]S TO SYNDICALISM1 ?AT MOVEM5T 9 POLITICS :I* IS BAS$ ON ! ORGANIC UNITY ( ! CELL1 & :I* IS ! NEGATION ( AB/RACT & BUREAUCRATIC C5TRALISM4 ,HE QUOTES ,TOLA93 0,LES ETRES HUMA9S NE S'EMANCIP5T QU'AU SE9 DES GR\PES NATURELS0--HUMAN BE+S EMANCIPATE !MSELVES ONLY ON ! BASIS ( NATURAL GR\PS4 0,! COMMUNE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE 4 4 4 DELIB]ATE FRE$OM AGA9/ RATIONAL TYRANNY1 F9ALLY ALTRUI/IC 9DIVIDUALISM AGA9/ ! COLONIZATION ( ! MASSES1 >E1 !N1! CONTRADICTIONS ?AT EXPRESS ONCE AGA9 ! 5DLESS OPPOSITION ( MOD]ATION TO EXCESS :I* HAS ANIMAT$ ! HI/ORY ( ! ,OCCID5T S9CE ! TIME ( ! ANCI5T WORLD40 ,?IS TRADITION ( 0MEASURE0 BELONGS TO ! ,M$IT]RANEAN WORLD1 & HAS BE5 DE/ROY$ BY ! EXCESSES ( ,G]MAN IDEOLOGY & ( ,*RI/IAN O!RWORLDL9ESS--BY ! D5IAL ( NATURE4 

,RE/RA9T IS NOT ! CONTR>Y ( REVOLT4 ,REVOLT C>RIES ) IT ! V]Y IDEA ( RE/RA9T1 & 0MOD]ATION1BORN ( REBELLION1 CAN ONLY LIVE BY REBELLION4 ,IT IS A P]PETUAL CONFLICT1 CONT9UALLY CREAT$ & MA/]$ BY ! 9TELLIG5CE4 4 4 4 ,:ATEV] WE MAY DO1 EXCESS WILL ALWAYS KEEP ITS PLACE 9 ! HE>T ( MAN1 9 ! PLACE :]E SOLITUDE IS F\ND4 ,WE ALL C>RY )9 US \R PLACES ( EXILE1 \R CRIMES & \R RAVAGES4 ,BUT \R TASK IS NOT TO UNLEA% !M ON ! WORLD2 IT IS TO FI<T !M 9 \RSELVES & 9 O!RS4 ,REBEL-LION1 ! SECUL> WILL NOT TO SURR5D] ( :I* ,B>RES SPEAKS1 IS /ILL TODAY AT ! BASIS ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,ORIG9 ( =M1 S\RCE ( REAL LIFE1 IT KEEPS US ALWAYS ]ECT 9 ! SAVAGE1 =MLESS MOVEM5T ( HI/ORY4 

,9 HIS LA/ PAGES ,CAMUS RISES TO HEI<TS ( ELOQU5CE :I* >E EXHIL>AT+4 ,IT IS AN 9SPIR+ BOOK4 ,IT IS P>TICUL>LY A BOOK ?AT %\LD BE READ BY ALL ?OSE :O WI% TO SEE ! 9BORN IMPULSE ( REVOLT 9SPIR$ BY A NEW SPIRIT ( ACTION--BY ?OSE :O UND]/& 0?AT REBELLION CANNOT EXI/ )\T A /RANGE =M ( LOVE40 ,NOT TO CALCULATE1 TO GIVE EV]Y?+ = ! SAKE ( LIFE & ( LIV+ M5--9 ?AT WAY WE CAN %[ ?AT0REAL G5]OSITY T[>D ! FUTURE LIES 9 GIV+ ALL TO ! PRES5T40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#d1 #bba 3 ,=EWORD -- ,ADD$4 

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