,! ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE 

#aiaa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TAGS 3 ACT ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE1 ACTS ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE1 PRIME M9I/] ( SPA91 TEA*+S ( AN>*ISM1 MAN & WOMAN1 ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 H5RY CLAY FRICK1 CANOVAS DEL CA/ILLO1 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC1 M5 & WOM54 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY SAMDECLE1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE       ,T,O ,A,N,A,L,Y,Z,E ! PSY*OLOGY ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE IS NOT ONLY EXTREMELY DIFFICULT1 BUT ALSO V]Y DANG]\S4 ,IF SU* ACTS >E TREAT$ ) UND]/&+1 ONE IS IMM$IATELY ACCUS$ ( EULOGIZ+ !M4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 HUMAN SYMPA?Y IS EXPRESS$ ) ! ,ATT5TAT]1 #a  ONE RISKS BE+ CONSID]$ A POSSIBLE ACCOMPLICE4 ,YET IT IS ONLY 9TELLIG5CE & SYMPA?Y ?AT CAN BR+ US CLOS] TO ! S\RCE ( HUMAN SUFF]+1 & TEA* US ! ULTIMATE WAY \T ( IT4  

      ,! PRIMITIVE MAN1 IGNORANT ( NATURAL =CES1 DREAD$ !IR APPROA*1 HID+ FROM ! P]ILS !Y ?REAT5$4 ,AS MAN LE>N$ TO UND]/& ,NATURE'S PH5OM5A1 HE REALIZ$ ?AT ?\< !SE MAY DE/ROY LIFE & CAUSE GREAT LOSS1 !Y ALSO BR+ RELIEF4 ,TO ! E>NE/ /UD5T IT MU/ BE APP>5T ?AT ! ACCUMULAT$ =CES 9 \R SOCIAL & ECONOMIC LIFE1 CULM9AT+ 9 A POLITICAL ACT ( VIOL5CE1 >E SIMIL> TO ! T]RORS ( ! ATMOSPH]E1 MANIFE/$ 9 /ORM & LI<TN+4  

      ,TO ?OR\<LY APPRECIATE ! TRU? ( ?IS VIEW1 ONE MU/ FEEL 9T5SELY ! 9DIGNITY ( \R SOCIAL WRONGS2 ONE'S V]Y BE+ MU/ ?ROB ) ! PA91 ! SORR[1 ! DESPAIR MILLIONS ( PEOPLE >E DAILY MADE TO 5DURE4 ,9DE$1 UNLESS WE HAVE BECOME A P>T ( HUMANITY1 WE CANNOT EV5 FA9TLY UND]/& ! JU/ 9DIGNATION ?AT ACCUMULATES 9 A HUMAN S\L1 ! BURN+1 SURG+ PASSION ?AT MAKES ! /ORM 9EVITABLE4  

      ,! IGNORANT MASS LOOKS UPON ! MAN :O MAKES A VIOL5T PROTE/ AGA9/ \R SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 9IQUITIES AS UPON A WILD BEA/1 A CRUEL1 HE>TLESS MON/]1 :OSE JOY IT IS TO DE/ROY LIFE & BA! 9 BLOOD2 OR AT BE/1 AS UPON AN IRRESPONSIBLE LUNATIC4 ,YET NO?+ IS FUR!R FROM ! TRU?4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ?OSE :O HAVE /UDI$ ! *>ACT] & P]SONALITY ( !SE M51 OR :O HAVE COME 9 CLOSE CONTACT ) !M1 >E AGRE$ ?AT IT IS !IR SUP]-S5SITIV5ESS TO ! WRONG & 9JU/ICE SURR\ND+ !M :I* COMPELS !M TO PAY ! TOLL ( \R SOCIAL CRIMES4 ,! MO/ NOT$ WRIT]S & POETS1 DISCUSS+ ! PSY*OLOGY ( POLITICAL (F5D]S1 HAVE PAID !M ! HI<E/ TRIBUTE4 ,C\LD ANYONE ASSUME ?AT !SE M5 HAD ADVIS$ VIOL5CE1 OR EV5 APPROV$ ( ! ACTS8 ,C]TA9LY NOT4 ,!IRS WAS ! ATTITUDE ( ! SOCIAL /UD5T1 ( ! MAN :O KN[S ?AT BEYOND EV]Y VIOL5T ACT !RE IS A VITAL CAUSE4  

      ,BJORN/J]NE ,BJORNSON1 9 ! SECOND P>T ( ,BEYOND ,HUMAN ,P[]1 EMPHASIZES ! FACT ?AT IT IS AMONG ! ,AN>*I/S ?AT WE MU/ LOOK = ! MOD]N M>TYRS :O PAY = !IR FAI? ) !IR BLOOD1 & :O WELCOME DEA? ) A SMILE1 BECAUSE !Y BELIEVE1 AS TRULY AS ,*RI/ DID1 ?AT !IR M>TYRDOM WILL R$EEM HUMANITY4  

      ,FRANCOIS ,COPPE1 ! ,FR5* NOVELI/1 ?US EXPRESSES HIMSELF REG>D+ ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! ,ATT5TAT]3  

      0,! READ+ ( ! DETAILS ( ,VAILLANT'S EXECUTION LEFT ME 9 A ?\<TFUL MOOD4 ,I IMAG9$ HIM EXP&+ HIS *E/ UND] ! ROPES1 M>*+ ) FIRM /EP1 /IFF5+ HIS WILL1 CONC5TRAT+ ALL HIS 5]GY1 &1 ) EYES FIX$ UPON ! KNIFE1 HURL+ F9ALLY AT SOCIETY HIS CRY ( MAL$ICTION4 ,&1 9 SPITE ( ME1 ANO!R SPECTACLE ROSE SUDD5LY BE=E MY M9D4 ,I SAW A GR\P ( M5 & WOM5 PRESS+ AGA9/ EA* O!R 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! OBLONG >5A ( ! CIRCUS1 UND] ! GAZE ( ?\S&S ( EYES1 :ILE FROM ALL ! /EPS ( ! IMM5SE AMPHI!AT] W5T UP ! T]RIBLE CRY1 ,AD LEONES6  &1 BEL[1 ! OP5+ CAGES ( ! WILD BEA/S4  

      0,I DID NOT BELIEVE ! EXECUTION W\LD TAKE PLACE4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 NO VICTIM HAD BE5 /RUCK ) DEA?1 & IT HAD LONG BE5 ! CU/OM NOT TO PUNI% AN ABORTIVE CRIME ) ! LA/ DEGREE ( SEV]ITY4 ,!N1 ?IS CRIME1 H[EV] T]RIBLE 9 9T5TION1 WAS DIS9T]E/$1 BORN ( AN AB/RACT IDEA4 ,! MAN'S PA/1 HIS AB&ON$ *ILDHOOD1 HIS LIFE ( H>D%IP1 PLEAD$ ALSO 9 HIS FAVOR4 ,9 ! 9DEP5D5T PRESS G5]\S VOICES W]E RAIS$ 9 HIS BEHALF1 V]Y L\D & ELOQU5T4 ',A PURELY LIT]>Y CURR5T ( OP9ION' SOME HAVE SAID1 ) NO LITTLE SCORN4 ,IT IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 AN HONOR TO ! M5 ( >T & ?\<T TO HAVE EXPRESS$ ONCE MORE !IR DISGU/ AT ! SCAFFOLD40  

      ,AGA9 ,ZOLA1 9 ,G]M9AL  & ,P>IS1 DESCRIBES ! T5D]NESS & K9DNESS1 ! DEEP SYMPA?Y ) HUMAN SUFF]+1 ( !SE M5 :O CLOSE ! *APT] ( !IR LIVES ) A VIOL5T \TBREAK AGA9/ \R SY/EM4  

      ,LA/1 BUT NOT LEA/1 ! MAN :O PROBABLY BETT] ?AN ANYONE ELSE UND]/&S ! PSY*OLOGY ( ! ,ATT5TAT]  IS ,M4 ,HAMON1 ! AU?OR ( ! BRILLIANT WORK ,UNE ,PSY*OLOGIE DU ,MILITAIRE ,PR(ESSIONNEL1 :O HAS >RIV$ AT !SE SUGGE/IVE CONCLUSIONS3 

      0,! POSITIVE ME?OD CONFIRM$ BY ! RATIONAL ME?OD 5ABLES US TO E/ABLI% AN IDEAL TYPE ( ,AN>*I/1 :OSE M5TALITY IS ! AGGREGATE ( COMMON PSY*IC *>ACT]I/ICS4 ,EV]Y ,AN>*I/ P>TAKES SUFFICI5TLY ( ?IS IDEAL TYPE TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO DIFF]5TIATE HIM FROM O!R M54 ,! TYPICAL ,AN>*I/1 !N1 MAY BE DEF9$ AS FOLL[S3 ,A MAN P]CEPTIBLE BY ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT UND] ONE OR MORE ( ITS =MS1--OPPOSITION1 9VE/IGATION1 CRITICISM1 9NOVATION1--5D[$ ) A /RONG LOVE ( LIB]TY1 EGOI/IC OR 9DIVIDUALI/IC1 & POSSESS$ ( GREAT CURIOSITY1 A KE5 DESIRE TO KN[4 ,!SE TRAITS >E SUPPLEM5T$ BY AN >D5T LOVE ( O!RS1 A HI<LY DEVELOP$ MORAL S5SITIV5ESS1 A PR(\ND S5TIM5T ( JU/ICE1 & IMBU$ ) MISSION>Y ZEAL40  

      ,TO ! ABOVE *>ACT]I/ICS1 SAYS ,ALV9 ,F4 ,SANBORN1 MU/ BE ADD$ !SE /]L+ QUALITIES3 A R>E LOVE ( ANIMALS1 SURPASS+ SWEETNESS 9 ALL ! ORD9>Y RELATIONS ( LIFE1 EXCEPTIONAL SOBRIETY ( DEMEANOR1 FRUGALITY & REGUL>ITY1 AU/]ITY1 EV51 ( LIV+1 & C\RAGE BEYOND COMP>E4#b  

      0,!RE IS A TRUISM ?AT ! MAN 9 ! /REET SEEMS ALWAYS TO =GET1 :5 HE IS ABUS+ ! ,AN>*I/S1 OR :ATEV] P>TY HAPP5S TO BE HIS BETE NOIRE  = ! MOM5T1 AS ! CAUSE ( SOME \TRAGE JU/ P]PETRAT$4 ,?IS 9DISPUTABLE FACT IS ?AT HOMICIDAL \TRAGES HAVE1 FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL1 BE5 ! REPLY ( GOAD$ & DESP]ATE CLASSES1 & GOAD$ & DESP]ATE 9DIVIDUALS1 TO WRONGS FROM !IR FELL[M51 :I* !Y FELT TO BE 9TOL]ABLE4 ,SU* ACTS >E ! VIOL5T RECOIL FROM VIOL5CE1 :E!R AGGRESSIVE OR REPRESSIVE2 !Y >E ! LA/ DESP]ATE /RUGGLE ( \TRAG$ & EXASP]AT$ HUMAN NATURE = BREA?+ SPACE & LIFE4 ,& !IR CAUSE LIES NOT 9 ANY SPECIAL CONVICTION1 BUT 9 ! DEP?S ( ?AT HUMAN NATURE ITSELF4 ,! :OLE C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL1 IS /REWN ) EVID5CE ( ?IS FACT4 ,TO GO NO FUR!R1 TAKE ! ?REE MO/ NOTORI\S EXAMPLES ( POLITICAL P>TIES GOAD$ 9TO VIOL5CE DUR+ ! LA/ FIFTY YE>S3 ! ,MAZZ9IANS 9 ,ITALY1 ! ,F5IANS 9 ,IREL&1 & ! ,T]RORI/S 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,W]E !SE PEOPLE ,AN>*I/S8 ,NO4 ,DID !Y ALL ?REE EV5 HOLD ! SAME POLITICAL OP9IONS8 ,NO4 ,! ,MAZZ9IANS W]E ,REPUBLICANS1 ! ,F5IANS POLITICAL SEP>ATI/S1 ! ,RUSSIANS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS OR ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S4 ,BUT ALL W]E DRIV5 BY DESP]ATE CIRCUM/ANCES 9TO ?IS T]RIBLE =M ( REVOLT4 ,& :5 WE TURN FROM P>TIES TO 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE ACT$ 9 LIKE MANN]1 WE /& APPALL$ BY ! NUMB] ( HUMAN BE+S GOAD$ & DRIV5 BY %E] DESP]ATION 9TO CONDUCT OBVI\SLY VIOL5TLY OPPOS$ TO !IR SOCIAL 9/9CTS4  

      0,N[ ?AT ,AN>*ISM HAS BECOME A LIV+ =CE 9 SOCIETY1 SU* DE$S HAVE BE5 SOMETIMES COMMITT$ BY ,AN>*I/S1 AS WELL AS BY O!RS4 ,= NO NEW FAI?1 EV5 ! MO/ ESS5TIALLY PEACEABLE & HUMANE ! M9D ( MAN HAS YET ACCEPT$1 BUT AT ITS FIR/ COM+ HAS BR\<T UPON E>? NOT PEACE1 BUT A SWORD2 NOT BECAUSE ( ANY?+ VIOL5T OR ANTI-SOCIAL 9 ! DOCTR9E ITSELF2 SIMPLY BECAUSE ( ! F]M5T ANY NEW & CREATIVE IDEA EXCITES 9 M5'S M9DS1 :E!R !Y ACCEPT OR REJECT IT4 ,& A CONCEPTION ( ,AN>*ISM1 :I*1 ON ONE H&1 ?REAT5S EV]Y VE/$ 9T]E/1 &1 ON ! O!R1 HOLDS \T A VISION ( A FREE & NOBLE LIFE TO BE WON BY A /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXI/+ WRONGS1 IS C]TA9 TO R\SE ! FI]CE/ OPPOSITION1 & BR+ ! :OLE REPRESSIVE =CE ( ANCI5T EVIL 9TO VIOL5T CONTACT ) ! TUMULTU\S \TBUR/ ( A NEW HOPE4  

      0,UND] MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS ( LIFE1 ANY VISION ( ! POSSIBILITY ( BETT] ?+S MAKES ! PRES5T MIS]Y MORE 9TOL]ABLE1 & SPURS ?OSE :O SUFF] TO ! MO/ 5]GETIC /RUGGLES TO IMPROVE !IR LOT1 & IF !SE /RUGGLES ONLY IMM$IATELY RESULT 9 %>P] MIS]Y1 ! \TCOME IS %E] DESP]ATION4 ,9 \R PRES5T SOCIETY1 = 9/ANCE1 AN EXPLOIT$ WAGE WORK]1 :O CAT*ES A GLIMPSE ( :AT WORK & LIFE MI<T & \<T TO BE1 F9DS ! TOILSOME R\T9E & ! SQUALOR ( HIS EXI/5CE ALMO/ 9TOL]ABLE2 & EV5 :5 HE HAS ! RESOLUTION & C\RAGE TO CONT9UE /EADILY WORK+ HIS BE/1 & WAIT+ UNTIL NEW IDEAS HAVE SO P]MEAT$ SOCIETY AS TO PAVE ! WAY = BETT] TIMES1 ! M]E FACT ?AT HE HAS SU* IDEAS & TRIES TO SPREAD !M1 BR+S HIM 9TO DIFFICULTIES ) HIS EMPLOY]S4 ,H[ MANY ?\S&S ( ,SOCIALI/S1 & ABOVE ALL ,AN>*I/S1 HAVE LO/ WORK & EV5 ! *ANCE ( WORK1 SOLELY ON ! GR\ND ( !IR OP9IONS4 ,IT IS ONLY ! SPECIALLY GIFT$ CRAFTSMAN1 :O1 IF HE BE A ZEAL\S PROPAG&I/1 CAN HOPE TO RETA9 P]MAN5T EMPLOYM5T4 ,& :AT HAPP5S TO A MAN ) HIS BRA9 WORK+ ACTIVELY ) A F]M5T ( NEW IDEAS1 ) A VISION BE=E HIS EYES ( A NEW HOPE DAWN+ = TOIL+ & AGONIZ+ M51 ) ! KN[L$GE ?AT HIS SUFF]+ & ?AT ( HIS FELL[S 9 MIS]Y IS NOT CAUS$ BY ! CRUELTY ( FATE1 BUT BY ! 9JU/ICE ( O!R HUMAN BE+S1--:AT HAPP5S TO SU* A MAN :5 HE SEES ?OSE DE> TO HIM />V+1 :5 HE HIMSELF IS />V$8 ,SOME NATURES 9 SU* A PLI<T1 & ?OSE BY NO MEANS ! LEA/ SOCIAL OR ! LEA/ S5SITIVE1 WILL BECOME VIOL5T1 & WILL EV5 FEEL ?AT !IR VIOL5CE IS SOCIAL & NOT ANTI-SOCIAL1 ?AT 9 /RIK+ :5 & H[ !Y CAN1 !Y >E /RIK+1 NOT = !MSELVES1 BUT = HUMAN NATURE1 \TRAG$ & DESPOIL$ 9 !IR P]SONS & 9 ?OSE ( !IR FELL[ SUFF]]S4 ,& >E WE1 :O \RSELVES >E NOT 9 ?IS HORRIBLE PR$ICAM5T1 TO /& BY & COLDLY CONDEMN !SE PITE\S VICTIMS ( ! ,FURIES & ,FATES8 ,>E WE TO DECRY AS MISCREANTS !SE HUMAN BE+S :O ACT ) H]OIC SELF-DEVOTION1 SACRIFIC+ !IR LIVES 9 PROTE/1 :]E LESS SOCIAL & LESS 5]GETIC NATURES W\LD LIE D[N & GROVEL 9 ABJECT SUBMISSION TO 9JU/ICE & WRONG8 ,>E WE TO JO9 ! IGNORANT & BRUTAL \TCRY :I* /IGMATIZES SU* M5 AS MON/]S ( WICK$NESS1 GRATUIT\SLY RUNN+ AMOK 9 A H>MONI\S & 9NOC5TLY PEACEFUL SOCIETY8 ,NO6 ,WE HATE MURD] ) A HATR$ ?AT MAY SEEM ABSURDLY EXAGG]AT$ TO APOLOGI/S = ,MATABELE MASSACRES1 TO CALL\S ACQUIESC]S 9 HANG+S & BOMB>DM5TS1 BUT WE DECL9E 9 SU* CASES ( HOMICIDE1 OR ATTEMPT$ HOMICIDE1 AS ?OSE ( :I* WE >E TREAT+1 TO BE GUILTY ( ! CRUEL 9JU/ICE ( FL++ ! :OLE RESPONSIBILITY ( ! DE$ UPON ! IMM$IATE P]PETRATOR4 ,! GUILT ( !SE HOMICIDES LIES UPON EV]Y MAN & WOMAN :O1 9T5TIONALLY OR BY COLD 9DIFF]5CE1 HELPS TO KEEP UP SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?AT DRIVE HUMAN BE+S TO DESPAIR4 ,! MAN :O FL+S HIS :OLE LIFE 9TO ! ATTEMPT1 AT ! CO/ ( HIS [N LIFE1 TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! WRONGS ( HIS FELL[ M51 IS A SA9T COMP>$ TO ! ACTIVE & PASSIVE UPHOLD]S ( CRUELTY & 9JU/ICE1 EV5 IF HIS PROTE/ DE/ROY O!R LIVES BESIDES HIS [N4 ,LET HIM :O IS )\T S9 9 SOCIETY CA/ ! FIR/ /ONE AT SU* AN ONE40#c  

      ,?AT EV]Y ACT ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE %\LD N[ADAYS BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ,AN>*I/S IS NOT AT ALL SURPRIS+4 ,YET IT IS A FACT KN[N TO ALMO/ EV]YONE FAMILI> ) ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT A GREAT NUMB] ( ACTS1 = :I* ,AN>*I/S HAD TO SUFF]1 EI!R ORIG9AT$ ) ! CAPITALI/ PRESS OR W]E 9/IGAT$1 IF NOT DIRECTLY P]PETRAT$1 BY ! POLICE4  

      ,= A NUMB] ( YE>S ACTS ( VIOL5CE HAD BE5 COMMITT$ 9 ,SPA91 = :I* ! ,AN>*I/S W]E HELD RESPONSIBLE1 H\ND$ LIKE WILD BEA/S1 & ?R[N 9TO PRISON4 ,LAT] IT WAS DISCLOS$ ?AT ! P]PETRATORS ( !SE ACTS W]E NOT ,AN>*I/S1 BUT MEMB]S ( ! POLICE DEP>TM5T4 ,! SC&AL BECAME SO WIDESPREAD ?AT ! CONS]VATIVE ,SPANI% PAP]S DEM&$ ! APPREH5SION & PUNI%M5T ( ! GANG-LEAD]1 ,JUAN ,RULL1 :O WAS SUBSEQU5TLY CONDEMN$ TO DEA? & EXECUT$4 ,! S5SATIONAL EVID5CE1 BR\<T TO LI<T DUR+ ! TRIAL1 =C$ ,POLICE ,9SPECTOR ,MOM5TO TO EXON]ATE COMPLETELY ! ,AN>*I/S FROM ANY CONNECTION ) ! ACTS COMMITT$ DUR+ A LONG P]IOD4 ,?IS RESULT$ 9 ! DISMISSAL ( A NUMB] ( POLICE (FICIALS1 AMONG !M ,9SPECTOR ,TRESSOLS1 :O1 9 REV5GE1 DISCLOS$ ! FACT ?AT BEH9D ! GANG ( POLICE BOMB ?R[]S W]E O!RS ( F> HI<] POSITION1 :O PROVID$ !M ) FUNDS & PROTECT$ !M4  

      ,?IS IS ONE ( ! MANY /RIK+ EXAMPLES ( H[ ,AN>*I/ CONSPIRACIES >E MANUFACTUR$4  

      ,?AT ! ,AM]ICAN POLICE CAN P]JURE !MSELVES ) ! SAME EASE1 ?AT !Y >E JU/ AS M]CILESS1 JU/ AS BRUTAL & CUNN+ AS !IR ,EUROPEAN COLLEAGUES1 HAS BE5 PROV5 ON MORE ?AN ONE OCCASION4 ,WE NE$ ONLY RECALL ! TRAG$Y ( ! ELEV5? ( ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#h#g1 KN[N AS ! ,HAYM>KET ,RIOT4  

      ,NO ONE :O IS AT ALL FAMILI> ) ! CASE CAN POSSIBLY D\BT ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S1 JUDICIALLY MURD]$ 9 ,*ICAGO1 DI$ AS VICTIMS ( A LY+1 BLOOD-?IR/Y PRESS & ( A CRUEL POLICE CONSPIRACY4 ,HAS NOT ,JUDGE ,G>Y HIMSELF SAID3 0,NOT BECAUSE Y\ HAVE CAUS$ ! ,HAYM>KET BOMB1 BUT BECAUSE Y\ >E ,AN>*I/S1 Y\ >E ON TRIAL40 

      ,! IMP>TIAL & ?OR\< ANALYSIS BY ,GOV]NOR ,ALTGELD ( ?AT BLOT* ON ! ,AM]ICAN ESCUT*EON V]IFI$ ! BRUTAL FRANKNESS ( ,JUDGE ,G>Y4 ,IT WAS ?IS ?AT 9DUC$ ,ALTGELD TO P>DON ! ?REE ,AN>*I/S1 !REBY E>N+ ! LA/+ E/EEM ( EV]Y LIB]TY-LOV+ MAN & WOMAN 9 ! WORLD4  

      ,:5 WE APPROA* ! TRAG$Y ( ,SEPTEMB] SIX?1 #a#i#a1 WE >E CONFRONT$ BY ONE ( ! MO/ /RIK+ EXAMPLES ( H[ LITTLE SOCIAL !ORIES >E RESPONSIBLE = AN ACT ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE4 0,LEON ,CZOLGOSZ1 AN ,AN>*I/1 9CIT$ TO COMMIT ! ACT BY ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN40 ,TO BE SURE1 HAS %E NOT 9CIT$ VIOL5CE EV5 BE=E H] BIR?1 & WILL %E NOT CONT9UE TO DO SO BEYOND DEA?8 ,EV]Y?+ IS POSSIBLE ) ! ,AN>*I/S4  

      ,TODAY1 EV51 N9E YE>S AFT] ! TRAG$Y1 AFT] IT WAS PROV5 A HUNDR$ TIMES ?AT ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! EV5T1 ?AT NO EVID5CE :ATSOEV] EXI/S TO 9DICATE ?AT ,CZOLGOSZ EV] CALL$ HIMSELF AN ,AN>*I/1 WE >E CONFRONT$ ) ! SAME LIE1 FABRICAT$ BY ! POLICE & P]PETUAT$ BY ! PRESS4 ,NO LIV+ S\L EV] HE>D ,CZOLGOSZ MAKE ?AT /ATEM5T1 NOR IS !RE A S+LE WRITT5 WORD TO PROVE ?AT ! BOY EV] BREA!D ! ACCUSATION4 ,NO?+ BUT IGNORANCE & 9SANE HY/]IA1 :I* HAVE NEV] YET BE5 ABLE TO SOLVE ! SIMPLE/ PROBLEM ( CAUSE & EFFECT4  

      ,! ,PRESID5T ( A FREE ,REPUBLIC KILL$6 ,:AT ELSE CAN BE ! CAUSE1 EXCEPT ?AT ! ,ATT5TAT]  MU/ HAVE BE5 9SANE1 OR ?AT HE WAS 9CIT$ TO ! ACT4 

      ,A FREE ,REPUBLIC6 ,H[ A MY? WILL MA9TA9 ITSELF1 H[ IT WILL CONT9UE TO DECEIVE1 TO DUPE1 & BL9D EV5 ! COMP>ATIVELY 9TELLIG5T TO ITS MON/R\S ABSURDITIES4 ,A FREE ,REPUBLIC6 ,& YET )9 A LITTLE OV] ?IRTY YE>S A SMALL B& ( P>ASITES HAVE SUCCESSFULLY ROBB$ ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 & TRAMPL$ UPON ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES1 LAID D[N BY ! FA!RS ( ?IS C\NTRY1 GU>ANTEE+ TO EV]Y MAN1 WOMAN1 & *ILD 0LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40 ,= ?IRTY YE>S !Y HAVE BE5 9CREAS+ !IR WEAL? & P[] AT ! EXP5SE ( ! VA/ MASS ( WORK]S1 !REBY 5L>G+ ! >MY ( ! UNEMPLOY$1 ! HUNGRY1 HOMELESS1 & FRI5DLESS PORTION ( HUMANITY1 :O >E TRAMP+ ! C\NTRY FROM EA/ TO WE/1 FROM NOR? TO S\?1 9 A VA9 SE>* = WORK4 ,= MANY YE>S ! HOME HAS BE5 LEFT TO ! C>E ( ! LITTLE ONES1 :ILE ! P>5TS >E EXHAU/+ !IR LIFE & /R5G? = A M]E PITTANCE4 ,= ?IRTY YE>S ! /URDY SONS ( ,AM]ICA HAVE BE5 SACRIFIC$ ON ! BATTLEFIELD ( 9DU/RIAL W>1 & ! DAU<T]S \TRAG$ 9 CORRUPT FACTORY SURR\ND+S4 ,= LONG & WE>Y YE>S ?IS PROCESS ( UND]M9+ ! NATION'S HEAL?1 VIGOR1 & PRIDE1 )\T MU* PROTE/ FROM ! DIS9H]IT$ & OPPRESS$1 HAS BE5 GO+ ON4 ,MADD5$ BY SUCCESS & VICTORY1 ! MONEY P[]S ( ?IS 0FREE L& ( \RS0 BECAME MORE & MORE AUDACI\S 9 !IR HE>TLESS1 CRUEL EF=TS TO COMPETE ) ! ROTT5 & DECAY$ ,EUROPEAN TYRANNIES = SUPREMACY ( P[]4 

      ,9 VA9 DID A LY+ PRESS REPUDIATE ,LEON ,CZOLGOSZ AS A =EIGN]4 ,! BOY WAS A PRODUCT ( \R [N FREE ,AM]ICAN SOIL1 ?AT LULL$ HIM TO SLEEP )1  

 ,MY C\NTRY1 'TIS ( !E1 
 ,SWEET L& ( LIB]TY4 

 ,:O CAN TELL H[ MANY TIMES ?IS ,AM]ICAN *ILD HAD GLORI$ 9 ! CELEBRATION ( ! ,F\R? ( ,JULY1 OR ( ,DECORATION ,DAY1 :5 HE FAI?FULLY HONOR$ ! ,NATION'S DEAD8 ,:O KN[S BUT ?AT HE1 TOO1 WAS WILL+ TO 0FI<T = HIS C\NTRY & DIE = H] LIB]TY10 UNTIL IT DAWN$ UPON HIM ?AT ?OSE HE BELONG$ TO HAVE NO C\NTRY1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 ROBB$ ( ALL ?AT !Y HAVE PRODUC$2 UNTIL HE REALIZ$ ?AT ! LIB]TY & 9DEP5D5CE ( HIS Y\?FUL DREAMS W]E BUT A F>CE4 ,POOR ,LEON ,CZOLGOSZ1 Y\R CRIME CONSI/$ ( TOO S5SITIVE A SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS4 ,UNLIKE Y\R IDEALLESS & BRA9LESS ,AM]ICAN BRO!RS1 Y\R IDEALS SO>$ ABOVE ! BELLY & ! BANK ACC\NT4 ,NO WOND] Y\ IMPRESS$ ! ONE HUMAN BE+ AMONG ALL ! 9FURIAT$ MOB AT Y\R TRIAL--A NEWSPAP] WOMAN--AS A VISION>Y1 TOTALLY OBLIVI\S TO Y\R SURR\ND+S4 ,Y\R L>GE1 DREAMY EYES MU/ HAVE BEHELD A NEW & GLORI\S DAWN4  

      ,N[1 TO A REC5T 9/ANCE ( POLICE-MANUFACTUR$ ,AN>*I/ PLOTS4 ,9 ?AT BLOOD/A9$ CITY ,*ICAGO1 ! LIFE ( ,*IEF ( ,POLICE ,%IPPY WAS ATTEMPT$ BY A Y\NG MAN NAM$ ,AV]BU*4 ,IMM$IATELY ! CRY WAS S5T TO ! F\R CORN]S ( ! WORLD ?AT ,AV]BU* WAS AN ,AN>*I/1 & ?AT ,AN>*I/S W]E RESPONSIBLE = ! ACT4 ,EV]YONE :O WAS AT ALL KN[N TO 5T]TA9 ,AN>*I/ IDEAS WAS CLOSELY WAT*$1 A NUMB] ( PEOPLE >RE/$1 ! LIBR>Y ( AN ,AN>*I/ GR\P CONFISCAT$1 & ALL MEET+S MADE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT1 AS ON V>I\S PREVI\S OCCASIONS1 ,I MU/ NE$S BE HELD RESPONSIBLE = ! ACT4 ,EVID5TLY ! ,AM]ICAN POLICE CR$IT ME ) OCCULT P[]S4 ,I DID NOT KN[ ,AV]BU*2 9 FACT1 HAD NEV] BE=E HE>D HIS NAME1 & ! ONLY WAY ,I C\LD HAVE POSSIBLY 0CONSPIR$0 ) HIM WAS 9 MY A/RAL BODY4 ,BUT1 !N1 ! POLICE >E NOT CONC]N$ ) LOGIC OR JU/ICE4 ,:AT !Y SEEK IS A T>GET1 TO MASK !IR ABSOLUTE IGNORANCE ( ! CAUSE1 ( ! PSY*OLOGY ( A POLITICAL ACT4 ,WAS ,AV]BU* AN ,AN>*I/8 ,!RE IS NO POSITIVE PRO( ( IT4 ,HE HAD BE5 BUT ?REE MON?S 9 ! C\NTRY1 DID NOT KN[ ! LANGUAGE1 &1 AS F> AS ,I C\LD ASC]TA91 WAS QUITE UNKN[N TO ! ,AN>*I/S ( ,*ICAGO4  

      ,:AT L$ TO HIS ACT8 ,AV]BU*1 LIKE MO/ Y\NG ,RUSSIAN IMMIGRANTS1 UND\BT$LY BELIEV$ 9 ! MY?ICAL LIB]TY ( ,AM]ICA4 ,HE RECEIV$ HIS FIR/ BAPTISM BY ! POLICEMAN'S CLUB DUR+ ! BRUTAL DISP]SEM5T ( ! UNEMPLOY$ P>ADE4 ,HE FUR!R EXP]I5C$ ,AM]ICAN EQUALITY & OPPORTUNITY 9 ! VA9 EF=TS TO F9D AN ECONOMIC MA/]4 ,9 %ORT1 A ?REE MON?S' SOJ\RN 9 ! GLORI\S L& BR\<T HIM FACE TO FACE ) ! FACT ?AT ! DIS9H]IT$ >E 9 ! SAME POSITION ! WORLD OV]4 ,9 HIS NATIVE L& HE PROBABLY LE>N$ ?AT NECESSITY KN[S NO LAW--!RE WAS NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A ,RUSSIAN & AN ,AM]ICAN POLICEMAN4  

      ,! QUE/ION TO ! 9TELLIG5T SOCIAL /UD5T IS NOT :E!R ! ACTS ( ,CZOLGOSZ OR ,AV]BU* W]E PRACTICAL1 ANY MORE ?AN :E!R ! ?UND]/ORM IS PRACTICAL4 ,! ?+ ?AT WILL 9EVITABLY IMPRESS ITSELF ON ! ?9K+ & FEEL+ MAN & WOMAN IS ?AT ! SI<T ( BRUTAL CLUBB+ ( 9NOC5T VICTIMS 9 A SO-CALL$ FREE ,REPUBLIC1 & ! DEGRAD+1 S\L-DE/ROY+ ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 FURNI% ! SP>K ?AT K9DLES ! DYNAMIC =CE 9 ! OV]WR\<T1 \TRAG$ S\LS ( M5 LIKE ,CZOLGOSZ OR ,AV]BU*4 ,NO AM\NT ( P]SECUTION1 ( H\ND+1 ( REPRESSION1 CAN /AY ?IS SOCIAL PH5OM5ON4  

      ,BUT1 IT IS (T5 ASK$1 HAVE NOT ACKN[L$G$ ,AN>*I/S COMMITT$ ACTS ( VIOL5CE8 ,C]TA9LY !Y HAVE1 ALWAYS H[EV] READY TO %\LD] ! RESPONSIBILITY4 ,MY CONT5TION IS ?AT !Y W]E IMPELL$1 NOT BY ! TEA*+S ( ,AN>*ISM1 BUT BY ! TREM5D\S PRESSURE ( CONDITIONS1 MAK+ LIFE UNBE>ABLE TO !IR S5SITIVE NATURES4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ,AN>*ISM1 OR ANY O!R SOCIAL !ORY1 MAK+ MAN A CONSCI\S SOCIAL UNIT1 WILL ACT AS A LEAV5 = REBELLION4 ,?IS IS NOT A M]E ASS]TION1 BUT A FACT V]IFI$ BY ALL EXP]I5CE4 ,A CLOSE EXAM9ATION ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES BE>+ UPON ?IS QUE/ION WILL FUR!R CL>IFY MY POSITION4  

      ,LET US CONSID] SOME ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT ,AN>*I/ ACTS )9 ! LA/ TWO DECADES4 ,/RANGE AS IT MAY SEEM1 ONE ( ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT DE$S ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE OCCURR$ H]E 9 ,AM]ICA1 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,HOME/EAD /RIKE ( #a#h#i#b4  

      ,DUR+ ?AT MEMORABLE TIME ! ,C>NEGIE ,/EEL ,COMPANY ORGANIZ$ A CONSPIRACY TO CRU% ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,ASSOCIATION ( ,IRON & ,/EEL ,WORK]S4 ,H5RY ,CLAY ,FRICK1 !N ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,COMPANY1 WAS 5TRU/$ ) ?AT DEMOCRATIC TASK4 ,HE LO/ NO TIME 9 C>RY+ \T ! POLICY ( BREAK+ ! ,UNION1 ! POLICY :I* HE HAD SO SUCCESSFULLY PRACTIC$ DUR+ HIS REIGN ( T]ROR 9 ! COKE REGIONS4 ,SECRETLY1 & :ILE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS W]E BE+ PURPOSELY PROLONG$1 ,FRICK SUP]VIS$ ! MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS1 ! =TIFICATION ( ! ,HOME/EAD ,/EEL ,WORKS1 ! ]ECTION ( A HI< BO>D F5CE1 CAPP$ ) B>B$ WIRE & PROVID$ ) LOOPHOLES = %>P%OOT]S4 ,& !N1 9 ! DEAD ( NI<T1 HE ATTEMPT$ TO SMUGGLE HIS >MY ( HIR$ ,P9K]TON ?UGS 9TO ,HOME/EAD1 :I* ACT PRECIPITAT$ ! T]RIBLE C>NAGE ( ! /EEL WORK]S4 ,NOT CONT5T ) ! DEA? ( ELEV5 VICTIMS1 KILL$ 9 ! ,P9K]TON SKIRMI%1 ,H5RY ,CLAY ,FRICK1 GOOD ,*RI/IAN & FREE ,AM]ICAN1 /RAI<TWAY BEGAN ! H\ND+ D[N ( ! HELPLESS WIVES & ORPHANS1 BY ORD]+ !M \T ( ! WRET*$ ,COMPANY H\SES4  

      ,! :OLE C\NTRY WAS >\S$ OV] !SE 9HUMAN \TRAGES4 ,HUNDR$S ( VOICES W]E RAIS$ 9 PROTE/1 CALL+ ON ,FRICK TO DESI/1 NOT TO GO TOO F>4 ,YES1 HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE PROTE/$1--AS ONE OBJECTS TO ANNOY+ FLIES4 ,ONLY ONE !RE WAS :O ACTIVELY RESPOND$ TO ! \TRAGE AT ,HOME/EAD1--,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN4 ,YES1 HE WAS AN ,AN>*I/4 ,HE GLORI$ 9 ?AT FACT1 BECAUSE IT WAS ! ONLY =CE ?AT MADE ! DISCORD BETWE5 HIS SPIRITUAL LONG+ & ! WORLD )\T AT ALL BE>ABLE4 ,YET NOT ,AN>*ISM1 AS SU*1 BUT ! BRUTAL SLAU<T] ( ! ELEV5 /EEL WORK]S WAS ! URGE = ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN'S ACT1 HIS ATTEMPT ON ! LIFE ( ,H5RY ,CLAY ,FRICK4  

      ,! RECORD ( ,EUROPEAN ACTS ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE AF=DS NUM]\S & /RIK+ 9/ANCES ( ! 9FLU5CE ( 5VIRONM5T UPON S5SITIVE HUMAN BE+S4  

      ,! C\RT SPEE* ( ,VAILLANT1 :O1 9 #a#h#i#d1 EXPLOD$ A BOMB 9 ! ,P>IS ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES1 /RIKES ! TRUE KEYNOTE ( ! PSY*OLOGY ( SU* ACTS3  

      0,G5TLEM51 9 A FEW M9UTES Y\ >E TO DEAL Y\R BL[1 BUT 9 RECEIV+ Y\R V]DICT ,I %ALL HAVE AT LEA/ ! SATISFACTION ( HAV+ W\ND$ ! EXI/+ SOCIETY1 ?AT CURS$ SOCIETY 9 :I* ONE MAY SEE A S+LE MAN SP5D+1 USELESSLY1 5\< TO FE$ ?\S&S ( FAMILIES2 AN 9FAM\S SOCIETY :I* P]MITS A FEW 9DIVIDUALS TO MONOPOLIZE ALL ! SOCIAL WEAL?1 :ILE !RE >E HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( UN=TUNATES :O HAVE NOT EV5 ! BREAD ?AT IS NOT REFUS$ TO DOGS1 & :ILE 5TIRE FAMILIES >E COMMITT+ SUICIDE = WANT ( ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE4  

      0,AH1 G5TLEM51 IF ! GOV]N+ CLASSES C\LD GO D[N AMONG ! UN=TUNATES6 ,BUT NO1 !Y PREF] TO REMA9 DEAF TO !IR APPEALS4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT A FATALITY IMPELS !M1 LIKE ! ROYALTY ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 T[>D ! PRECIPICE :I* WILL 5GULF !M1 = WOE BE TO ?OSE :O REMA9 DEAF TO ! CRIES ( ! />V+1 WOE TO ?OSE :O1 BELIEV+ !MSELVES ( SUP]IOR ESS5CE1 ASSUME ! RI<T TO EXPLOIT ?OSE B5EA? !M6 ,!RE COMES A TIME :5 ! PEOPLE NO LONG] REASON2 !Y RISE LIKE A HURRICANE1 & PASS AWAY LIKE A TORR5T4 ,!N WE SEE BLE$+ HEADS IMPAL$ ON PIKES4  

      0,AMONG ! EXPLOIT$1 G5TLEM51 !RE >E TWO CLASSES ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?OSE ( ONE CLASS1 NOT REALIZ+ :AT !Y >E & :AT !Y MI<T BE1 TAKE LIFE AS IT COMES1 BELIEVE ?AT !Y >E BORN TO BE SLAVES1 & CONT5T !MSELVES ) ! LITTLE ?AT IS GIV5 !M 9 EX*ANGE = !IR LABOR4 ,BUT !RE >E O!RS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 :O ?9K1 :O /UDY1 & :O1 LOOK+ AB\T !M1 DISCOV] SOCIAL 9IQUITIES4 ,IS IT !IR FAULT IF !Y SEE CLE>LY & SUFF] AT SEE+ O!RS SUFF]8 ,!N !Y ?R[ !MSELVES 9TO ! /RUGGLE1 & MAKE !MSELVES ! BE>]S ( ! POPUL> CLAIMS4  

      0,G5TLEM51 ,I AM ONE ( !SE LA/4 ,:]EV] ,I HAVE GONE1 ,I HAVE SE5 UN=TUNATES B5T B5EA? ! YOKE ( CAPITAL4 ,EV]Y:]E ,I HAVE SE5 ! SAME W\NDS CAUS+ TE>S ( BLOOD TO FL[1 EV5 9 ! REMOT] P>TS ( ! 9HABIT$ DI/RICTS ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA1 :]E ,I HAD ! RI<T TO BELIEVE ?AT HE :O WAS WE>Y ( ! PA9S ( CIVILIZATION MI<T RE/ 9 ! %ADE ( ! PALM TREES & !RE /UDY NATURE4 ,WELL1 !RE EV51 MORE ?AN ELSE:]E1 ,I HAVE SE5 CAPITAL COME1 LIKE A VAMPIRE1 TO SUCK ! LA/ DROP ( BLOOD ( ! UN=TUNATE P>IAHS4 

      0,!N ,I CAME BACK TO ,FRANCE1 :]E IT WAS RES]V$ = ME TO SEE MY FAMILY SUFF] ATROCI\SLY4 ,?IS WAS ! LA/ DROP 9 ! CUP ( MY SORR[4 ,TIR$ ( LEAD+ ?IS LIFE ( SUFF]+ & C[>DICE1 ,I C>RI$ ?IS BOMB TO ?OSE :O >E PRIM>ILY RESPONSIBLE = SOCIAL MIS]Y4 

      0,I AM REPROA*$ ) ! W\NDS ( ?OSE :O W]E HIT BY MY PROJECTILES4 ,P]MIT ME TO PO9T \T 9 PASS+ ?AT1 IF ! B\RGEOIS HAD NOT MASSACR$ OR CAUS$ MASSACRES DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTION1 IT IS PROBABLE ?AT !Y W\LD /ILL BE UND] ! YOKE ( ! NOBILITY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 FIGURE UP ! DEAD & W\ND$ ON ,TONQU91 ,MADAGASC>1 ,DAHOMEY1 ADD+ !RETO ! ?\S&S1 YES1 MILLIONS ( UN=TUNATES :O DIE 9 ! FACTORIES1 ! M9ES1 & :]EV] ! GR9D+ P[] ( CAPITAL IS FELT4 ,ADD ALSO ?OSE :O DIE ( HUNG]1 & ALL ?IS ) ! ASS5T ( \R ,DEPUTIES4 ,BESIDE ALL ?IS1 ( H[ LITTLE WEI<T >E ! REPROA*ES N[ BR\<T AGA9/ ME6 

      0,IT IS TRUE ?AT ONE DOES NOT EFFACE ! O!R2 BUT1 AFT] ALL1 >E WE NOT ACT+ ON ! DEF5SIVE :5 WE RESPOND TO ! BL[S :I* WE RECEIVE FROM ABOVE8 ,I KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT ,I %ALL BE TOLD ?AT ,I \<T TO HAVE CONF9$ MYSELF TO SPEE* = ! V9DICATION ( ! PEOPLE'S CLAIMS4 ,BUT :AT CAN Y\ EXPECT6 ,IT TAKES A L\D VOICE TO MAKE ! DEAF HE>4 ,TOO LONG HAVE !Y ANSW]$ \R VOICES BY IMPRISONM5T1 ! ROPE1 RIFLE VOLLEYS4 ,MAKE NO MI/AKE2 ! EXPLOSION ( MY BOMB IS NOT ONLY ! CRY ( ! REBEL ,VAILLANT1 BUT ! CRY ( AN 5TIRE CLASS :I* V9DICATES ITS RI<TS1 & :I* WILL SOON ADD ACTS TO WORDS4 ,=1 BE SURE ( IT1 9 VA9 WILL !Y PASS LAWS4 ,! IDEAS ( ! ?9K]S WILL NOT HALT2 JU/ AS1 9 ! LA/ C5TURY1 ALL ! GOV]NM5TAL =CES C\LD NOT PREV5T ! ,DID]OTS & ! ,VOLTAIRES FROM SPREAD+ EMANCIPAT+ IDEAS AMONG ! PEOPLE1 SO ALL ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5TAL =CES WILL NOT PREV5T ! ,RECLUS1 ! ,D>W9S1 ! ,SP5C]S1 ! ,IBS5S1 ! ,MIRBEAUS1 FROM SPREAD+ ! IDEAS ( JU/ICE & LIB]TY :I* WILL ANNIHILATE ! PREJUDICES ?AT HOLD ! MASS 9 IGNORANCE4 ,& !SE IDEAS1 WELCOM$ BY ! UN=TUNATE1 WILL FL[] 9 ACTS ( REVOLT AS !Y HAVE DONE 9 ME1 UNTIL ! DAY :5 ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( AU?ORITY %ALL P]MIT ALL M5 TO ORGANIZE FREELY ACCORD+ TO !IR *OICE1 :5 EV]YONE %ALL BE ABLE TO 5JOY ! PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR1 & :5 ?OSE MORAL MALADIES CALL$ PREJUDICES %ALL VANI%1 P]MITT+ HUMAN BE+S TO LIVE 9 H>MONY1 HAV+ NO O!R DESIRE ?AN TO /UDY ! SCI5CES & LOVE !IR FELL[S4  

      0,I CONCLUDE1 G5TLEM51 BY SAY+ ?AT A SOCIETY 9 :I* ONE SEES SU* SOCIAL 9EQUALITIES AS WE SEE ALL AB\T US1 9 :I* WE SEE EV]Y DAY SUICIDES CAUS$ BY POV]TY1 PRO/ITUTION FL>+ AT EV]Y /REET CORN]1--A SOCIETY :OSE PR9CIPAL MONUM5TS >E B>RACKS & PRISONS1--SU* A SOCIETY MU/ BE TRANS=M$ AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 ON PA9 ( BE+ ELIM9AT$1 & ?AT SPE$ILY1 FROM ! HUMAN RACE4 ,HAIL TO HIM :O LABORS1 BY NO MATT] :AT MEANS1 = ?IS TRANS=MATION6 ,IT IS ?IS IDEA ?AT HAS GUID$ ME 9 MY DUEL ) AU?ORITY1 BUT AS 9 ?IS DUEL ,I HAVE ONLY W\ND$ MY ADV]S>Y1 IT IS N[ ITS TURN TO /RIKE ME4  

      0,N[1 G5TLEM51 TO ME IT MATT]S LITTLE :AT P5ALTY Y\ MAY 9FLICT1 =1 LOOK+ AT ?IS ASSEMBLY ) ! EYES ( REASON1 ,I CAN NOT HELP SMIL+ TO SEE Y\1 ATOMS LO/ 9 MATT]1 & REASON+ ONLY BECAUSE Y\ POSSESS A PROLONGATION ( ! SP9AL M>R[1 ASSUME ! RI<T TO JUDGE ONE ( Y\R FELL[S4  

      0,AH6 G5TLEM51 H[ LITTLE A ?+ IS Y\R ASSEMBLY & Y\R V]DICT 9 ! HI/ORY ( HUMANITY2 & HUMAN HI/ORY1 9 ITS TURN1 IS LIKEWISE A V]Y LITTLE ?+ 9 ! :IRLW9D :I* BE>S IT ?R\< IMM5SITY1 & :I* IS DE/9$ TO DISAPPE>1 OR AT LEA/ TO BE TRANS=M$1 9 ORD] TO BEG9 AGA9 ! SAME HI/ORY & ! SAME FACTS1 A V]ITABLY P]PETUAL PLAY ( COSMIC =CES R5EW+ & TRANSF]R+ !MSELVES =EV]40  

      ,WILL ANYONE SAY ?AT ,VAILLANT WAS AN IGNORANT1 VICI\S MAN1 OR A LUNATIC8 ,WAS NOT HIS M9D S+UL>LY CLE> & ANALYTIC8 ,NO WOND] ?AT ! BE/ 9TELLECTUAL =CES ( ,FRANCE SPOKE 9 HIS BEHALF1 & SIGN$ ! PETITION TO ,PRESID5T ,C>NOT1 ASK+ HIM TO COMMUTE ,VAILLANT'S DEA? S5T5CE4  

      ,C>NOT W\LD LI/5 TO NO 5TREATY2 HE 9SI/$ ON MORE ?AN A P\ND ( FLE%1 HE WANT$ ,VAILLANT'S LIFE1 & !N--! 9EVITABLE HAPP5$3 ,PRESID5T ,C>NOT WAS KILL$4 ,ON ! H&LE ( ! /ILETTO US$ BY ! ,ATT5TAT]  WAS 5GRAV$1 SIGNIFICANTLY1 

,V,A,I,L,L,A,N,T6 

      ,SANTA ,CAS]IO WAS AN ,AN>*I/4 ,HE C\LD HAVE GOTT5 AWAY1 SAV$ HIMSELF2 BUT HE REMA9$1 HE /OOD ! CONSEQU5CES4 

      ,HIS REASONS = ! ACT >E SET =? 9 SO SIMPLE1 DIGNIFI$1 & *ILDLIKE MANN] ?AT ONE IS REM9D$ ( ! T\*+ TRIBUTE PAID ,CAS]IO BY HIS TEA*] ( ! LITTLE VILLAGE S*OOL1 ,ADA ,NEGRI1 ! ,ITALIAN POET1 :O SPOKE ( HIM AS A SWEET1 T5D] PLANT1 ( TOO F9E & S5SITIVE TEXTURE TO /& ! CRUEL /RA9 ( ! WORLD4  

      0,G5TLEM5 ( ! ,JURY6 ,I DO NOT PROPOSE TO MAKE A DEF5SE1 BUT ONLY AN EXPLANATION ( MY DE$4  

      0,S9CE MY E>LY Y\? ,I BEGAN TO LE>N ?AT PRES5T SOCIETY IS BADLY ORGANIZ$1 SO BADLY ?AT EV]Y DAY MANY WRET*$ M5 COMMIT SUICIDE1 LEAV+ WOM5 & *ILDR5 9 ! MO/ T]RIBLE DI/RESS4 ,WORK]S1 BY ?\S&S1 SEEK = WORK & CAN NOT F9D IT4 ,POOR FAMILIES BEG = FOOD & %IV] ) COLD2 !Y SUFF] ! GREATE/ MIS]Y2 ! LITTLE ONES ASK !IR MIS]ABLE MO!RS = FOOD1 & ! MO!RS CANNOT GIVE IT TO !M1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO?+4 ,! FEW ?+S :I* ! HOME CONTA9$ HAVE ALREADY BE5 SOLD OR PAWN$4 ,ALL !Y CAN DO IS BEG ALMS2 (T5 !Y >E >RE/$ AS VAGABONDS4  

      0,I W5T AWAY FROM MY NATIVE PLACE BECAUSE ,I WAS FREQU5TLY MOV$ TO TE>S AT SEE+ LITTLE GIRLS ( EI<T OR T5 YE>S OBLIG$ TO WORK FIFTE5 H\RS A DAY = ! PALTRY PAY ( TW5TY C5TIMES4 ,Y\NG WOM5 ( EI<TE5 OR TW5TY ALSO WORK FIFTE5 H\RS DAILY1 = A MOCK]Y ( REMUN]ATION4 ,& ?AT HAPP5S NOT ONLY TO MY FELL[ C\NTRYM51 BUT TO ALL ! WORK]S1 :O SWEAT ! :OLE DAY LONG = A CRU/ ( BREAD1 :ILE !IR LABOR PRODUCES WEAL? 9 ABUNDANCE4 ,! WORK]S >E OBLIG$ TO LIVE UND] ! MO/ WRET*$ CONDITIONS1 & !IR FOOD CONSI/S ( A LITTLE BREAD1 A FEW SPOONFULS ( RICE1 & WAT]2 SO BY ! TIME !Y >E ?IRTY OR =TY YE>S OLD1 !Y >E EXHAU/$1 & GO TO DIE 9 ! HOSPITALS4 ,BESIDES1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( BAD FOOD & OV]WORK1 !SE UNHAPPY CREATURES >E1 BY HUNDR$S1 DEV\R$ BY PELLAGRA--A DISEASE ?AT1 9 MY C\NTRY1 ATTACKS1 AS ! PHYSICIANS SAY1 ?OSE :O >E BADLY F$ & LEAD A LIFE ( TOIL & PRIVATION4  

      0,I HAVE OBS]V$ ?AT !RE >E A GREAT MANY PEOPLE :O >E HUNGRY1 & MANY *ILDR5 :O SUFF]1 :IL/ BREAD & CLO!S AB\ND 9 ! T[NS4 ,I SAW MANY & L>GE %OPS FULL ( CLO?+ & WOOL5 /UFFS1 & ,I ALSO SAW W>EH\SES FULL ( :EAT & ,9DIAN CORN1 SUITABLE = ?OSE :O >E 9 WANT4 ,&1 ON ! O!R H&1 ,I SAW ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O DO NOT WORK1 :O PRODUCE NO?+ & LIVE ON ! LABOR ( O!RS2 :O SP5D EV]Y DAY ?\S&S ( FRANCS = !IR AMUSEM5T2 :O DEBAU* ! DAU<T]S ( ! WORK]S2 :O [N DWELL+S ( =TY OR FIFTY ROOMS2 TW5TY OR ?IRTY HORSES1 MANY S]VANTS2 9 A WORD1 ALL ! PLEASURES ( LIFE4  

      0,I BELIEV$ 9 ,GOD2 BUT :5 ,I SAW SO GREAT AN 9EQUALITY BETWE5 M51 ,I ACKN[L$G$ ?AT IT WAS NOT ,GOD :O CREAT$ MAN1 BUT MAN :O CREAT$ ,GOD4 ,& ,I DISCOV]$ ?AT ?OSE :O WANT !IR PROP]TY TO BE RESPECT$1 HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 PREA*+ ! EXI/5CE ( P>ADISE & HELL1 & 9 KEEP+ ! PEOPLE 9 IGNORANCE4  

      0,NOT LONG AGO1 ,VAILLANT ?REW A BOMB 9 ! ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES1 TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! PRES5T SY/EM ( SOCIETY4 ,HE KILL$ NO ONE1 ONLY W\ND$ SOME P]SONS2 YET B\RGEOIS JU/ICE S5T5C$ HIM TO DEA?4 ,& NOT SATISFI$ ) ! CONDEMNATION ( ! GUILTY MAN1 !Y BEGAN TO PURSUE ! ,AN>*I/S1 & >RE/ NOT ONLY ?OSE :O HAD KN[N ,VAILLANT1 BUT EV5 ?OSE :O HAD M]ELY BE5 PRES5T AT ANY ,AN>*I/ LECTURE4  

      0,! GOV]NM5T DID NOT ?9K ( !IR WIVES & *ILDR54 ,IT DID NOT CONSID] ?AT ! M5 KEPT 9 PRISON W]E NOT ! ONLY ONES :O SUFF]$1 & ?AT !IR LITTLE ONES CRI$ = BREAD4 ,B\RGEOIS JU/ICE DID NOT TR\BLE ITSELF AB\T !SE 9NOC5T ONES1 :O DO NOT YET KN[ :AT SOCIETY IS4 ,IT IS NO FAULT ( !IRS ?AT !IR FA!RS >E 9 PRISON2 !Y ONLY WANT TO EAT4  

      0,! GOV]NM5T W5T ON SE>*+ PRIVATE H\SES1 OP5+ PRIVATE LETT]S1 =BIDD+ LECTURES & MEET+S1 & PRACTIC+ ! MO/ 9FAM\S OPPRESSIONS AGA9/ US4 ,EV5 N[1 HUNDR$S ( ,AN>*I/S >E >RE/$ = HAV+ WRITT5 AN >TICLE 9 A NEWSPAP]1 OR = HAV+ EXPRESS$ AN OP9ION 9 PUBLIC4  

      0,G5TLEM5 ( ! ,JURY1 Y\ >E REPRES5TATIVES ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,IF Y\ WANT MY HEAD1 TAKE IT2 BUT DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT 9 SO DO+ Y\ WILL /OP ! ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A4 ,TAKE C>E1 = M5 REAP :AT !Y HAVE S[N40  

      ,DUR+ A RELIGI\S PROCESSION 9 #a#h#i#f1 AT ,B>CELONA1 A BOMB WAS ?R[N4 ,IMM$IATELY ?REE HUNDR$ M5 & WOM5 W]E >RE/$4 ,SOME W]E ,AN>*I/S1 BUT ! MAJORITY W]E TRADE-UNIONI/S & ,SOCIALI/S4 ,!Y W]E ?R[N 9TO ?AT T]RIBLE BA/ILLE ,MONTJUI*1 & SUBJECT$ TO MO/ HORRIBLE TORTURES4 ,AFT] A NUMB] HAD BE5 KILL$1 OR HAD GONE 9SANE1 !IR CASES W]E TAK5 UP BY ! LIB]AL PRESS ( ,EUROPE1 RESULT+ 9 ! RELEASE ( A FEW SURVIVORS4  

      ,! MAN PRIM>ILY RESPONSIBLE = ?IS REVIVAL ( ! ,9QUISITION WAS ,CANOVAS DEL ,CA/ILLO1 ,PRIME ,M9I/] ( ,SPA94 ,IT WAS HE :O ORD]$ ! TORTUR+ ( ! VICTIMS1 !IR FLE% BURN$1 !IR BONES CRU%$1 !IR TONGUES CUT \T4 ,PRACTIC$ 9 ! >T ( BRUTALITY DUR+ HIS R GIME 9 ,CUBA1 ,CANOVAS REMA9$ ABSOLUTELY DEAF TO ! APPEALS & PROTE/S ( ! AWAK5$ CIVILIZ$ CONSCI5CE4  

      ,9 #ahig ,CANOVAS DEL ,CA/ILLO WAS %OT TO DEA? BY A Y\NG ,ITALIAN1 ,ANGIOLILLO4 ,! LATT] WAS AN $ITOR 9 HIS NATIVE L&1 & HIS BOLD UTT]ANCES SOON ATTRACT$ ! ATT5TION ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,P]SECUTION BEGAN1 & ,ANGIOLILLO FL$ FROM ,ITALY TO ,SPA91 !NCE TO ,FRANCE & ,BELGIUM1 F9ALLY SETTL+ 9 ,5GL&4 ,:ILE !RE HE F\ND EMPLOYM5T AS A COMPOSITOR1 & IMM$IATELY BECAME ! FRI5D ( ALL HIS COLLEAGUES4 ,ONE ( ! LATT] ?US DESCRIB$ ,ANGIOLILLO3 0,HIS APPE>ANCE SUGGE/$ ! J\RNALI/ RA!R ?AN ! DISCIPLE ( ,GUTT5B]G4 ,HIS DELICATE H&S1 MOREOV]1 BETRAY$ ! FACT ?AT HE HAD NOT GR[N UP AT ! 'CASE4' ,) HIS H&SOME FRANK FACE1 HIS S(T D>K HAIR1 HIS AL]T EXPRESSION1 HE LOOK$ ! V]Y TYPE ( ! VIVACI\S ,S\!RN]4 ,ANGIOLILLO SPOKE ,ITALIAN1 ,SPANI%1 & ,FR5*1 BUT NO ,5GLI%2 ! LITTLE ,FR5* ,I KNEW WAS NOT SUFFICI5T TO C>RY ON A PROLONG$ CONV]SATION4 ,H[EV]1 ,ANGIOLILLO SOON BEGAN TO ACQUIRE ! ,5GLI% IDIOM2 HE LE>N$ RAPIDLY1 PLAYFULLY1 & IT WAS NOT LONG UNTIL HE BECAME V]Y POPUL> ) HIS FELL[ COMPOSITORS4 ,HIS DI/+UI%$ & YET MODE/ MANN]1 & HIS CONSID]ATION T[>DS HIS COLLEAGUES1 WON HIM ! HE>TS ( ALL ! BOYS40 

      ,ANGIOLILLO SOON BECAME FAMILI> ) ! DETAIL$ ACC\NTS 9 ! PRESS4 ,HE READ ( ! GREAT WAVE ( HUMAN SYMPA?Y ) ! HELPLESS VICTIMS AT ,MONTJUI*4 ,ON ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E HE SAW ) HIS [N EYES ! RESULTS ( ?OSE ATROCITIES1 :5 ! FEW ,SPANI>DS1 :O ESCAP$ ,CA/ILLO'S CLUT*ES1 CAME TO SEEK ASYLUM 9 ,5GL&4 ,!RE1 AT ! GREAT MEET+1 !SE M5 OP5$ !IR %IRTS & %[$ ! HORRIBLE SC>S ( BURN$ FLE%4 ,ANGIOLILLO SAW1 & ! EFFECT SURPASS$ A ?\S& !ORIES2 ! IMPETUS WAS BEYOND WORDS1 BEYOND >GUM5TS1 BEYOND HIMSELF EV54  

      ,S5OR ,ANTONIO ,CANOVAS DEL ,CA/ILLO1 ,PRIME ,M9I/] ( ,SPA91 SOJ\RN$ AT ,SANTA ,AGU$A4 ,AS USUAL 9 SU* CASES1 ALL /RANG]S W]E KEPT AWAY FROM HIS EXALT$ PRES5CE4 ,ONE EXCEPTION WAS MADE1 H[EV]1 9 ! CASE ( A DI/+UI%$ LOOK+1 ELEGANTLY DRESS$ ,ITALIAN--! REPRES5TATIVE1 IT WAS UND]/OOD1 ( AN IMPORTANT J\RNAL4 ,! DI/+UI%$ G5TLEMAN WAS--,ANGIOLILLO4 

      ,S5OR ,CANOVAS1 AB\T TO LEAVE HIS H\SE1 /EPP$ ON ! V]&A4 ,SUDD5LY ,ANGIOLILLO CONFRONT$ HIM4 ,A %OT RANG \T1 & ,CANOVAS WAS A CORPSE4  

      ,! WIFE ( ! ,PRIME ,M9I/] RU%$ UPON ! SC5E4 0,MURD]]6 ,MURD]]60 %E CRI$1 PO9T+ AT ,ANGIOLILLO4 ,! LATT] B[$4 0,P>DON1 ,MADAME10 HE SAID1 0,I RESPECT Y\ AS A LADY1 BUT ,I REGRET ?AT Y\ W]E ! WIFE ( ?AT MAN40 

      ,CALMLY ,ANGIOLILLO FAC$ DEA?4 ,DEA? 9 ITS MO/ T]RIBLE =M--= ! MAN :OSE S\L WAS AS A *ILD'S4  

      ,HE WAS G>ROT$4 ,HIS BODY LAY1 SUN-KISS$1 TILL ! DAY HID 9 TWILI<T4 ,& ! PEOPLE CAME1 & PO9T+ ! F+] ( T]ROR & FE>1 !Y SAID3 0,!RE--! CRIM9AL--! CRUEL MURD]]40 

      ,H[ /UPID1 H[ CRUEL IS IGNORANCE6 ,IT MISUND]/&S ALWAYS1 CONDEMNS ALWAYS4 

      ,A REM>KABLE P>ALLEL TO ! CASE ( ,ANGIOLILLO IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! ACT ( ,GAETANO ,BRESCI1 :OSE ,ATT5TAT  UPON ,K+ ,UMB]TO MADE AN ,AM]ICAN CITY FAM\S4  

      ,BRESCI CAME TO ?IS C\NTRY1 ?IS L& ( OPPORTUNITY1 :]E ONE HAS BUT TO TRY TO MEET ) GOLD5 SUCCESS4 ,YES1 HE TOO W\LD TRY TO SUCCE$4 ,HE W\LD WORK H>D & FAI?FULLY4 ,WORK HAD NO T]RORS = HIM1 IF IT W\LD ONLY HELP HIM TO 9DEP5D5CE1 MANHOOD1 SELF-RESPECT4  

      ,?US FULL ( HOPE & 5?USIASM HE SETTL$ 9 ,PAT]SON1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 & !RE F\ND A LUCRATIVE JOB AT SIX DOLL>S P] WEEK 9 ONE ( ! WEAV+ MILLS ( ! T[N4 ,SIX :OLE DOLL>S P] WEEK WAS1 NO D\BT1 A =TUNE = ,ITALY1 BUT NOT 5\< TO BREA! ON 9 ! NEW C\NTRY4 ,HE LOV$ HIS LITTLE HOME4 ,HE WAS A GOOD HUSB& & DEVOT$ FA!R TO HIS BAMB9A  ,BIANCA1 :OM HE ADOR$4 ,HE WORK$ & WORK$ = A NUMB] ( YE>S4 ,HE ACTUALLY MANAG$ TO SAVE ONE HUNDR$ DOLL>S \T ( HIS SIX DOLL>S P] WEEK4  

      ,BRESCI HAD AN IDEAL4 ,FOOLI%1 ,I KN[1 = A WORK+MAN TO HAVE AN IDEAL1--! ,AN>*I/ PAP] PUBLI%$ 9 ,PAT]SON1 ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE4 

      ,EV]Y WEEK1 ?\< TIR$ FROM WORK1 HE W\LD HELP TO SET UP ! PAP]4 ,UNTIL LAT] H\RS HE W\LD ASSI/1 & :5 ! LITTLE PIONE] HAD EXHAU/$ ALL RES\RCES & HIS COMRADES W]E 9 DESPAIR1 ,BRESCI BR\<T *E] & HOPE1 ONE HUNDR$ DOLL>S1 ! 5TIRE SAV+S ( YE>S4 ,?AT W\LD KEEP ! PAP] AFLOAT4  

      ,9 HIS NATIVE L& PEOPLE W]E />V+4 ,! CROPS HAD BE5 POOR1 & ! PEASANTS SAW !MSELVES FACE TO FACE ) FAM9E4 ,!Y APPEAL$ TO !IR GOOD ,K+ ,UMB]TO2 HE W\LD HELP4 ,& HE DID4 ,! WIVES ( ! PEASANTS :O HAD GONE TO ! PALACE ( ! ,K+1 HELD UP 9 MUTE SIL5CE !IR EMACIAT$ 9FANTS4 ,SURELY ?AT W\LD MOVE HIM4 ,& !N ! SOLDI]S FIR$ & KILL$ ?OSE POOR FOOLS4  

      ,BRESCI1 AT WORK 9 ! WEAV+ MILL AT ,PAT]SON1 READ ( ! HORRIBLE MASSACRE4 ,HIS M5TAL EYE BEHELD ! DEF5SELESS WOM5 & 9NOC5T 9FANTS ( HIS NATIVE L&1 SLAU<T]$ RI<T BE=E ! GOOD ,K+4 ,HIS S\L RECOIL$ 9 HORROR4 ,AT NI<T HE HE>D ! GROANS ( ! W\ND$4 ,SOME MAY HAVE BE5 HIS COMRADES1 HIS [N FLE%4 ,:Y1 :Y !SE F\L MURD]S8 

      ,! LITTLE MEET+ ( ! ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/ GR\P 9 ,PAT]SON 5D$ ALMO/ 9 A FI<T4 ,BRESCI HAD DEM&$ HIS HUNDR$ DOLL>S4 ,HIS COMRADES BEGG$1 IMPLOR$ HIM TO GIVE !M A RESPITE4 ,! PAP] W\LD GO D[N IF !Y W]E TO RETURN HIM HIS LOAN4 ,BUT ,BRESCI 9SI/$ ON ITS RETURN4  

      ,H[ CRUEL & /UPID IS IGNORANCE4 ,BRESCI GOT ! MONEY1 BUT LO/ ! GOOD WILL1 ! CONFID5CE ( HIS COMRADES4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE NO?+ MORE TO DO ) ONE :OSE GRE$ WAS GREAT] ?AN HIS IDEALS4  

      ,ON ! TW5TY-N9? ( ,JULY1 #a#i1 ,K+ ,UMB]TO WAS %OT AT ,MONZO4 ,! Y\NG ,ITALIAN WEAV] ( ,PAT]SON1 ,GAETANO ,BRESCI1 HAD TAK5 ! LIFE ( ! GOOD ,K+4  

      ,PAT]SON WAS PLAC$ UND] POLICE SURVEILLANCE1 EV]YONE KN[N AS AN ,AN>*I/ H\ND$ & P]SECUT$1 & ! ACT ( ,BRESCI ASCRIB$ TO ! TEA*+S ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,AS IF ! TEA*+S ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ITS EXTREME/ =M C\LD EQUAL ! =CE ( ?OSE SLA9 WOM5 & 9FANTS1 :O HAD PILGRIM$ TO ! ,K+ = AID4 ,AS IF ANY SPOK5 WORD1 EV] SO ELOQU5T1 C\LD BURN 9TO A HUMAN S\L ) SU* :ITE HEAT AS ! LIFEBLOOD TRICKL+ DROP BY DROP FROM ?OSE DY+ =MS4 ,! ORD9>Y MAN IS R>ELY MOV$ EI!R BY WORD OR DE$2 & ?OSE :OSE SOCIAL K9%IP IS ! GREATE/ LIV+ =CE NE$ NO APPEAL TO RESPOND--EV5 AS DOES /EEL TO ! MAGNET--TO ! WRONGS & HORRORS ( SOCIETY4  

      ,IF A SOCIAL !ORY IS A /RONG FACTOR 9DUC+ ACTS ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE1 H[ >E WE TO ACC\NT = ! REC5T VIOL5T \TBREAKS 9 ,9DIA1 :]E ,AN>*ISM HAS H>DLY BE5 BORN4 ,MORE ?AN ANY O!R OLD PHILOSOPHY1 ,H9DU TEA*+S HAVE EXALT$ PASSIVE RESI/ANCE1 ! DRIFT+ ( LIFE1 ! ,NIRVANA1 AS ! HI<E/ SPIRITUAL IDEAL4 ,YET ! SOCIAL UNRE/ 9 ,9DIA IS DAILY GR[+1 & HAS ONLY REC5TLY RESULT$ 9 AN ACT ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE1 ! KILL+ ( ,SIR ,CURZON ,WYLLIE BY ! ,H9DU ,MAD> ,SOL ,DH+RA4  

      ,IF SU* A PH5OM5ON CAN OCCUR 9 A C\NTRY SOCIALLY & 9DIVIDUALLY P]MEAT$ = C5TURIES ) ! SPIRIT ( PASSIVITY1 CAN ONE QUE/ION ! TREM5D\S1 REVOLUTIONIZ+ EFFECT ON HUMAN *>ACT] EX]T$ BY GREAT SOCIAL 9IQUITIES8 ,CAN ONE D\BT ! LOGIC1 ! JU/ICE ( !SE WORDS3  

      0,REPRESSION1 TYRANNY1 & 9DISCRIM9ATE PUNI%M5T ( 9NOC5T M5 HAVE BE5 ! WAT*WORDS ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ALI5 DOM9ATION 9 ,9DIA EV] S9CE WE BEGAN ! COMM]CIAL BOYCOTT ( ,5GLI% GOODS4 ,! TIG] QUALITIES ( ! ,BRITI% >E MU* 9 EVID5CE N[ 9 ,9DIA4 ,!Y ?9K ?AT BY ! /R5G? ( ! SWORD !Y WILL KEEP D[N ,9DIA6 ,IT IS ?IS >ROGANCE ?AT HAS BR\<T AB\T ! BOMB1 & ! MORE !Y TYRANNIZE OV] A HELPLESS & UN>M$ PEOPLE1 ! MORE T]RORISM WILL GR[4 ,WE MAY DEPRECATE T]RORISM AS \TL&I% & =EIGN TO \R CULTURE1 BUT IT IS 9EVITABLE AS LONG AS ?IS TYRANNY CONT9UES1 = IT IS NOT ! T]RORI/S ?AT >E TO BE BLAM$1 BUT ! TYRANTS :O >E RESPONSIBLE = IT4 ,IT IS ! ONLY RES\RCE = A HELPLESS & UN>M$ PEOPLE :5 BR\<T TO ! V]GE ( DESPAIR4 ,IT IS NEV] CRIM9AL ON !IR P>T4 ,! CRIME LIES ) ! TYRANT40 #d  

      ,EV5 CONS]VATIVE SCI5TI/S >E BEG9N+ TO REALIZE ?AT H]$ITY IS NOT ! SOLE FACTOR MOLD+ HUMAN *>ACT]4 ,CLIMATE1 FOOD1 OCCUPATION2 NAY1 COLOR1 LI<T1 & S\ND MU/ BE CONSID]$ 9 ! /UDY ( HUMAN PSY*OLOGY4  

      ,IF ?AT BE TRUE1 H[ MU* MORE CORRECT IS ! CONT5TION ?AT GREAT SOCIAL ABUSES WILL & MU/ 9FLU5CE DIFF]5T M9DS & TEMP]AM5TS 9 A DIFF]5T WAY4 ,& H[ UTT]LY FALLACI\S ! /]EOTYP$ NOTION ?AT ! TEA*+S ( ,AN>*ISM1 OR C]TA9 EXPON5TS ( !SE TEA*+S1 >E RESPONSIBLE = ! ACTS ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE4  

      ,AN>*ISM1 MORE ?AN ANY O!R SOCIAL !ORY1 VALUES HUMAN LIFE ABOVE ?+S4 ,ALL ,AN>*I/S AGREE ) ,TOL/OY 9 ?IS FUNDAM5TAL TRU?3 IF ! PRODUCTION ( ANY COMMODITY NECESSITATES ! SACRIFICE ( HUMAN LIFE1 SOCIETY %\LD DO )\T ?AT COMMODITY1 BUT IT CAN NOT DO )\T ?AT LIFE4 ,?AT1 H[EV]1 N[ISE 9DICATES ?AT ,AN>*ISM TEA*ES SUBMISSION4 ,H[ CAN IT1 :5 IT KN[S ?AT ALL SUFF]+1 ALL MIS]Y1 ALL ILLS1 RESULT FROM ! EVIL ( SUBMISSION8  

      ,HAS NOT SOME ,AM]ICAN ANCE/OR SAID1 MANY YE>S AGO1 ?AT RESI/ANCE TO TYRANNY IS OB$I5CE TO ,GOD8 ,& HE WAS NOT AN ,AN>*I/ EV54 ,IT W\LD SAY ?AT RESI/ANCE TO TYRANNY IS MAN'S HI<E/ IDEAL4 ,SO LONG AS TYRANNY EXI/S1 9 :ATEV] =M1 MAN'S DEEPE/ ASPIRATION MU/ RESI/ IT AS 9EVITABLY AS MAN MU/ BREA!4  

      ,COMP>$ ) ! :OLESALE VIOL5CE ( CAPITAL & GOV]NM5T1 POLITICAL ACTS ( VIOL5CE >E BUT A DROP 9 ! OCEAN4 ,?AT SO FEW RESI/ IS ! /RONGE/ PRO( H[ T]RIBLE MU/ BE ! CONFLICT BETWE5 !IR S\LS & UNBE>ABLE SOCIAL 9IQUITIES4  

      ,HI< /RUNG1 LIKE A VIOL9 /R+1 !Y WEEP & MOAN = LIFE1 SO REL5TLESS1 SO CRUEL1 SO T]RIBLY 9HUMAN4 ,9 A DESP]ATE MOM5T ! /R+ BREAKS4 ,UNTUN$ E>S HE> NO?+ BUT DISCORD4 ,BUT ?OSE :O FEEL ! AGONIZ$ CRY UND]/& ITS H>MONY2 !Y HE> 9 IT ! FULFILLM5T ( ! MO/ COMPELL+ MOM5T ( HUMAN NATURE4  

      ,SU* IS ! PSY*OLOGY ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE4  

,F,O,O,T,N,O,T,E,S3 
#a,A REVOLUTIONI/ COMMITT+ AN ACT ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE4 
#b,P>IS & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 
#c,FROM A PAMPHLET ISSU$ BY ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P ( ,LONDON4 
#d,! ,FREE ,H9DU/AN4 

,! TEXT IS FROM ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN'S ,AN>*ISM & ,O!R ,ESSAYS4 ,SECOND ,REVIS$ ,$ITION4 ,NEW ,YORK @& ,LONDON3 ,MO!R ,E>? ,PUBLI%+ ,ASSOCIATION1 #a#i#a#a4 PP4 #h#e-#a#a#d4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aia 3 ,! ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bag 3 ,! ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE -- ,ADD$4 
,M>* #b#d1 #bai 3 ,! ,PSY*OLOGY ( ,POLITICAL ,VIOL5CE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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