,! ,PR9CIPLE ( ! ,/ATE 
.<MANUSCRIPT1 #a#h#g#a1 ,LOC>NO1 ,SWITZ]L&.> 

#ahga 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TEXT 3 

,AT BASE1 CONQUE/ IS NOT ONLY ! ORIG91 IT IS ALSO ! CR[N+ AIM ( ALL ,/ATES1 GREAT OR SMALL1 P[]FUL OR WEAK1 DESPOTIC OR LIB]AL1 MON>*IC1 >I/OCRATIC1 DEMOCRATIC1 & EV5 SOCIALI/1 SUPPOS+ ?AT ! IDEAL ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S1 ?AT ( A GREAT COMMUNI/ ,/ATE1 IS EV] REALIZ$4 

,?AT IT HAS BE5 ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = ALL ,/ATES1 ANCI5T & MOD]N1 CAN BE D\BT$ BY NO ONE1 S9CE EA* PAGE ( UNIV]SAL HI/ORY PROVES IT SUFFICI5TLY4 ,NO ONE CONTE/S ANY LONG] ?AT ! L>GE CURR5T ,/ATES HAVE CONQUE/ = !IR MORE OR LESS CONFESS$ AIM4 ,BUT ! MIDDL+ ,/ATES & EV5 ! SMALL ONES1 WE >E TOLD1 ?9K ONLY ( DEF5D+ !MSELVES & IT W\LD BE ABSURD ON !IR P>T TO DREAM ( CONQUE/4 

,MOCK AS MU* AS Y\ WANT1 BUT NONE!LESS IT IS !IR DREAM1 AS IT IS ! DREAM ( ! SMALLE/ PEASANT PROPRIETOR TO 9CREASE TO ! DETRIM5T ( HIS NEI<BOR1 TO 9CREASE1 TO 5L>GE1 TO CONQU] ALWAYS & AT ANY PRICE4 ,IT IS A FATAL T5D5CY 9H]5T 9 EV]Y ,/ATE1 :ATEV] ITS EXT5SIONS1 ITS WEAKNESS OR ITS /R5G?1 BECAUSE IT IS A NECESSITY ( ITS NATURE4 ,:AT IS ! ,/ATE IF IT IS NOT ! ORGANIZATION ( P[]2 BUT IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( ALL P[] TO NOT BE ABLE TO TOL]ATE EI!R SUP]IORS OR EQUALS-P[] HAV+ NO O!R OBJECT ?AN DOM9ATION1 & DOM9ATION BE+ REAL ONLY :5 EV]Y?+ ?AT H9D]S IT IS SUBJUGAT$4 ,NO P[] TOL]ATES ANO!R EXCEPT :5 IT IS =C$ TO1 :5 IT FEELS ITSELF P[]LESS TO DE/ROY OR OV]?R[ IT4 ,! M]E FACT ( AN EQUAL P[] IS A NEGATION ( ITS PR9CIPLE & A P]PETUAL ?REAT AGA9/ ITS EXI/5CE1 = IT IS A MANIFE/ATION & A PRO( ( ITS P[]LESSNESS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 BETWE5 ALL ,/ATES ?AT EXI/ SIDE BY SIDE1 W> IS P]MAN5T & !IR PEACE IS ONLY A TRUCE4 

,IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( ! ,/ATE TO SET ITSELF UP1 = ITSELF AS WELL AS = ALL ITS SUBJECTS1 AS ! ABSOLUTE OBJET4 ,TO S]VE ITS PROSP]ITY1 ITS GR&EUR1 ITS P[] IS ! CR[N+ VIRTUE ( PATRIOTISM4 ,! ,/ATE RECOGNIZES NO O!RS .<( ITS K9D.>3 EV]Y?+ ?AT S]VES IT IS GOOD1 & EV]Y?+ ?AT IS CONTR>Y TO ITS 9T]E/S IS DECL>$ CRIM9AL4 - ,SU* IS ! MORALITY ( ! ,/ATE4 

,?AT IS :AT POLITICAL MORALITY HAS BE5 AT ALL TIMES NOT ONLY =EIGN1 BUT ABSOLUTELY CONTR>Y TO HUMAN MORALITY4 ,?AT CONTRADICTION IS A CONSEQU5CE COMPELL$ BY ITS PR9CIPLE3 ! ,/ATE BE+ ONLY ONE P>T POSES & IMPOSES ITSELF AS ! :OLE3 IT IGNORES ! RI<TS ( EV]Y?+ ?AT NOT BE+ ! ,/ATE ITSELF1 F9DS ITSELF \TSIDE ( IT1 & :5 IT CAN1 )\T DANG] = ITSELF1 IT VIOLATES !M--! ,/ATE IS ! NEGATION ( HUMANITY4 

,IS !RE AN ABSOLUTE HUMAN RI<T & HUMAN MORALITY8 ,! TIMES :I* RACE1 & SEE+ ALL ?AT :I* OCCURS & IS DONE TO DAY 9 ,EUROPE1 WE >E C]TA9LY =C$ TO POSE ?AT QUE/ION4 

,FIR/1 DOES ! ABSOLUTE EXI/1 OR ISN'T EV]Y?+ 9 ! WORLD RELATIVE8 ,?US = MORALS & RI<TS3 :AT WE CALL$ RI<T1 YE/]DAY1 IS NO LONG] SO TODAY1 & :AT APPE>S MORAL 9 ,*9A1 CANNOT BE CONSID]$ AS SU* 9 ,EUROPE4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW EA* C\NTRY1 EA* ]A %\LD ONLY BE JUDG$ FROM ! CONTEMPOR>Y OR LOCAL PO9TS ( VIEW1 & !RE W\LD BE NO UNIV]SAL HUMAN RI<T1 NOR ABSOLUTE HUMAN MORALITY4 

,9 ?IS MANN]1 AFT] HAV+ DREAM$ ONE OR ! O!R1 HAV+ BE5 METAPHYSICIANS OR ,*RI/IAN1 .<OR.> BECOME POSITIVI/S TODAY1 WE %\LD R5\NCE ?IS MAGNIFIC5T DREAM TO P\R FALL BACK 9TO ! MORAL MEANNESS ( ANTIQUITY1 :I* DID NOT KN[ EV5 ! NAME ( HUMANITY1 AT ! PO9T :]E ALL ! ,GODS W]E ONLY EXCLUSIVELY NATIONAL1 & ONLY ACCESSIBLE TO ! PRIVILEG$ CULTS4 

,BUT TODAY1 :5 ! HEAV5S HAVE BECOME DES]T$ & ALL ! ,GODS1 9CLUD+ NATURALLY ! ,JEHOVAH ( ! ,JEWS1 ! ,ALLAH ( ! ,MOHAMM$ANS & ! GOOD ,GOD ( ! ,*RI/IANS1 F9D !MSELVES DE?RON$1 TODAY ?AT W\LD BE EV5 LESS3 WE FALL BACK 9TO ! CRASS & BRUTAL MAT]IALISM ( ,BISM>K1 ,?I]S & ,FR$]IC ,I,I1 ACCORD+ TO :I*1 0,GOD WAS ALWAYS ON ! SIDE ( ! L>GE BATTALIONS10 AS ! LA/ HAS EXCELL5TLY SAID1 ! SOLE OBJECT WOR?Y ( WOR%IP1 ! PR9CIPLE ( ALL MORALITY1 ( ALL RI<T1 WILL BE =CE--IT IS ! TRUE RELIGION ( ! ,/ATE4 

,WELL1 NO6 ,A!I/S WE >E1 & PRECISELY BECAUSE WE >E A!I/S1 WE RECOGNIZE AN ABSOLUTE HUMAN MORALITY & HUMAN RI<T4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS A QUE/ION ( BE+ CLE> AB\T ! MEAN+ ( ?AT WORD ABSOLUTE4--,WE DO NOT CONCEIVE ( ! UNIV]SAL ABSOLUTE1 5COMPASS+ ! 9F9ITE TOTALITY ( WORLD & BE+S1 BECAUSE NOT ONLY >E WE 9CAPABLE ( P]CEIV+ IT ) \R S5SES1 BUT WE CANNOT EV5 IMAG9E IT4 ,EV]Y ATTEMPT ( ?IS SORT1 LEAD US BACK TO ! VOID1 SO LOV$ BY ! METAPHYSICIANS1 ( ABSOLUTE AB/RACTION4 

,! ABSOLUTE AS WE 9T5D IT IS A V]Y RELATIVE ABSOLUTE1 & P>TICUL>LY RELATIVE EXCLUSIVELY TO ! HUMAN SPECIES4 ,?AT SPECIES IS F> FROM BE+ ET]NAL3 BORN ON ! E>?1 IT WILL DIE ) IT1 P]HAPS EV5 BE=E IT1 GIV+ WAY1 ACCORD+ TO ! SY/EM ( ,D>W91 TO A MORE P[]FUL1 MORE COMPLETE1 MORE P]FECT SPECIES4 ,BUT AS LONG AS IT EXI/S1 IT HAS A PR9CIPLE ?AT IS 9H]5T TO IT1 & :I* MAKES IT PRECISELY :AT IT IS3 IT IS ?IS PR9CIPLE :I* CON/ITUTES1 BY RELATION TO IT1 ! ABSOLUTE4 ,LET US SEE1 :AT IS ! PR9CIPLE8 

,( ALL ! BE+S LIV+ ON ?IS E>?1 MAN IS AT ONCE ! MO/ SOCIAL & ! MO/ 9DIVIDUALI/4 ,HE IS ALSO 9DISPUTABLY ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T4 ,!RE P]HAPS EXI/ SOME ANIMALS ?AT >E EV5 MORE SOCIAL ?AN HIM1 = EXAMPLE ! BEES & ANTS2 BUT !Y >E1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SO LITTLE 9DIVIDUALI/ ?AT ! 9DIVIDUALS BELONG+ TO !SE SPECIES >E ABSOLUTELY ABSORB$ BY !SE LA/ & AS GOOD AS ANNIHILAT$ 9 !IR SOCIETY3 !Y >E ALL = ! COLLECTIVITY1 NO?+ OR NEXT TO NO?+ = !MSELVES4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT !RE EXI/S A NATURAL LAW1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! HI<] A SPECIES ( ANIMALS IS RAIS$ ON ! SCALE ( BE+1 BY ITS MORE COMPLETE ORGANIZATION1 ! MORE LATITUDE1 LIB]TY OR 9DIVIDUALITY IT LEAVES TO EA* MEMB]4 ,! F]OCI\S ANIMALS ?AT UNQUE/IONABLY OCCUPY ! HI<E/ RANK1 >E 9DIVIDUALI/S TO ! UTMO/ DEGREE4 

,MAN1 ! F]OCI\S ANIMAL P> EXCELL5CE1 IS ! MO/ 9DIVIDUALI/ ( ALL4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 & ?IS IS ONE ( HIS DI/9CTIVE TRAITS1 HE IS EM95TLY1 9/9CTIVELY & 9EVITABLY SOCIALI/4 ,?AT IS SO TRUE ?AT EV5 HIS 9TELLIG5CE1 :I* R5D]S HIM SO SUP]IOR TO ALL ! LIV+ BE+S & :I* E/ABLI%ES HIM 9 SOME WAY AS ! MA/] ( ALL1 CAN DEVELOP & COME TO CONSCI\SNESS ( ITSELF ONLY 9 SOCIETY & ?R\< ! COOP]ATION ( ! 5TIRE COLLECTIVITY4 

,& 9 FACT1 WE KN[ WELL ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ?9K )\T SPEE*2 AP>T FROM OR BE=E SPEE*1 !RE CAN NO D\BT BE REPRES5TATIONS OR IMAGES ( ?+S1 BUT !RE >E NO ?\<TS4--,?\<T IS BORN & DEVELOPS ONLY ) SPEE*4 ,TO ?9K IS ?US TO SPEAK 7M5TALLY7 9 ITSELF4 ,BUT EV]Y CONV]SATION SUPPOSES AT LEA/ TWO P]SONS4--,ONE IS Y\1 BUT :O IS ! O!R8 ,IT IS EV]Y HUMAN BE+ ?AT Y\ KN[4 

,MAN1 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL ANIMAL1 LIKE ! ANIMALS ( ALL ! O!R SPECIES1 AT FIR/ GLANCE & AS SOON AS HE BEG9S TO BREA!1 HAS ! IMM$IATE S5TIM5T ( HIS 9DIVIDUAL EXI/5CE2 BUT HE ACQUIRES REFLECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS ( HIMSELF1 CONSCI5CE :I* PROP]LY CON/ITUTES HIS P]SONALITY1 BY MEANS ( 9TELLIG5CE1 & CONSEQU5TLY ONLY 9 SOCIETY4 ,Y\R 9N]MO/ P]SONALITY1 ! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT Y\ HAVE ( Y\RSELF 9 Y\R HE>T ( HE>TS1 IS AT IT W]E ONLY ! REFLECTION ( Y\R [N IMAGE1 E*O$ & S5T BACK TO Y\ AS IF BY SO MANY MIRRORS1 BY ! CONSCI\SNESS1 BO? COLLECTIVE & 9DIVIDUAL1 ( ALL ! HUMAN BE+S ?AT MAKE UP Y\R SOCIAL WORLD4 ,EA* MAN ?AT Y\ KN[ & ) :OM Y\ HAVE F\ND Y\RSELF 9 RELATIONS1 :E!R DIRECT ( 9DIRECT1 DET]M9ES1 MORE OR LESS1 Y\R MO/ 9TIMATE BE+1 CONTRIBUTES TO MAK+ Y\ :AT Y\ >E1 TO =M+ Y\R P]SONALITY4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 IF Y\ >E SURR\ND$ BY SLAVES1 ?\< Y\ >E !IR MA/]1 Y\ >E NO LESS A SLAVE1 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! SLAVES ONLY BE+ ABLE TO REFLECT BACK Y\R IMAGE 9 DEGRAD$ =M4 ,! /UPIDITY ( EV]YONE MAKES Y\ /UPID1 :ILE ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ALL 5LI<T5S Y\1 RAISES Y\ UP2 ! VICES ( Y\R SOCIAL MILIEU >E Y\R VICES1 & Y\ DO NOT KN[ H[ TO BE A REALLY FREE MAN1 IF Y\ >E NOT SURR\ND$ BY EQUALLY FREE M51 ! EXI/5CE ( A S+LE SLAVE IS SUFFICI5T TO DIM9I% Y\R LIB]TY4 ,9 ! IMMORTAL DECL>ATION ( ! RI<TS ( MAN1 MADE BY ! ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION WE F9D CLE>LY EXPRESS$ ?AT SUBLIME TRU? ?AT 0! SLAV]Y ( ONE S+LE HUMAN BE+ IS ! SLAV]Y ( ALL40 

,IT CONTA9S ALL ( HUMAN MORALITY1 PRECISELY :AT WE HAVE D>$ TO CALL ABSOLUTE MORALS--ABSOLUTE D\BTLESS 9 RELATION TO HUMANITY ONLY1 NOT 9 RELATION TO ! RE/ ( ! BE+1 EV5 LESS 9 RELATION TO ! 9F9ITE TOTALITY ( WORLDS1 ET]NALLY UNKN[N TO US4 ,WE F9D ITS SE$S1 MORE OR LESS1 9 ALL ! MORAL SY/EMS ?AT HAVE BE5 PRODUC$ 9 HI/ORY1 ( :I* IT WAS LIKE ! LAT5T ILLUM9ATION1--A LI<T :I* IS1 BESIDES1 MO/ (T5 ONLY MANIFE/$ BY SOME REFLECTIONS AS UNC]TA9 AS !Y >E IMP]FECT4 ,ALL ?AT WE SEE ( ! ABSOLUTELY TRUE1 ?AT IS TO SAY ( ! HUMAN1 IS DUE TO ITSELF ALONE4 ,& H[ W\LD IT BE O!RWISE1 S9CE ALL ! MORAL SY/EMS ?AT HAVE BE5 SUCCESSIVELY DEVELOP$1 9 ! PA/1 AS WELL AS ALL ! O!R DEVELOPM5TS ( MAN 9 HI/ORY--9CLUDES ! !OLOGICAL & METAPHYSICAL DEVELOPM5TS1 HAVE NEV] HAD ANY S\RCE BUT HUMAN NATURE1 HAVE ONLY BE5 ITS MORE OR LESS IMP]FECT MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,BUT ?AT MORAL LAW ?AT WE CALL ABSOLUTE1 ?AT IT IS1 ACCORD+ TO ITS PURE/1 MO/ COMPLETE1 & MO/ ADEQUATE EXPRESSION1 AS ! METAPHYSICIANS SAID1 ( ?AT SAME HUMAN NATURE1 ESS5TIALLY SOCIALI/ & 9DIVIDUALI/ AT ONCE4 

,! PR9CIPAL DEFECT ( ! MORAL SY/EMS TAU<T 9 ! PA/ WAS TO HAVE BE5 EI!R EXCLUSIVELY SOCIALI/ OR EXCLUSIVELY 9DIVIDUALI/4 ,?US ! CIVIC MORALITY1 AS IT HAS BE5 TRANSMITT$ TO US BY ! ,GREEKS & ,ROMANS1 WAS AN EXCLUSIVELY SOCIALI/ MORALITY1 9 ! S5SE ?AT IT ALWAYS SACRIFIC$ 9DIVIDUALITY TO ! COLLECTIVITY4 ,)\T SPEAK+ ( ! MYRIADS ( SLAVES1 :I* W\LD CON/ITUTE ! :OLE BASIS ( ANCI5T CIVILIZATION1 NOT EV5 C\NT+ !M ONLY AS ?+S1 ! 9DIVIDUALITY .<( !.> ,GREEK OR ,ROMAN CITIZ5 HIMSELF WAS ALWAYS PATRIOTICALLY IMMOLAT$ = ! PR(IT ( ! COLLECTIVITY E/ABLI%$ AS A ,/ATE4 ,& :5 ! CITIZ5S1 TIR$ ( ?IS P]MAN5T SACRIFICE1 NO LONG] WANT$ TO ALL[ IT & W\LD REFUSE ! SACRIFICE1 ! REPUBLICS1 FIR/ ,GREEK1 !N ,ROMAN1 W\LD COLLAPSE4 ,! AWAK5+ ( 9DIVIDUALISM CAUS$ ! DEA? ( ANTIQUITY4 

,IT F9DS ITS PURE/ & MO/ COMPLETE EXPRESSION 9 ! MONO!I/IC RELIGIONS1 9 ,JUDAISM1 9 ,MOHAMM$ANISM & 9 ,*RI/IANITY ESPECIALLY4 ,! ,JEHOVAH ( ! ,JEWS /ILL ADDRESSES HIMSELF TO ! COLLECTIVITY1 AT LEA/ 9 C]TA9 REG>DS1 S9CE HE HAS A *OS5 PEOPLE1 AL?\< HE ALREADY CONTA9S ALL ! SE$S ( ! EXCLUSIVELY 9DIVIDUALI/ MORALITY4 

,IT HAD TO BE SO3 ! GODS ( ,GREEK & ,ROMAN ANTIQUITY W]E 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS ONLY SYMBOLS1 ! SUPREME REPRES5TATIVES ( ! DEIFI$ COLLECTIVITY1 ( ! ,/ATE4 BY WOR%IP+ !M1 !Y WOR%IP$ ! ,/ATE1 & ALL ! MORALS ?AT W]E TAU<T 9 !IR NAME C\LD CONSEQU5TLY HAVE NO O!R OBJECT ?AN ! SAFETY1 GR&EUR & GLORY ( ! ,/ATE4 

,! ,GOD ( ! ,JEWS1 A JEAL\S1 SELFI% & VA9 DESPOT IF !RE EV] WAS ON1 TOOK C>E NOT TO ID5TIFY1 BUT ONLY TO MIX HIS T]RIBLE P]SON ) ! COLLECTIVITY ( HIS *OS5 PEOPLE1 *OS5 TO S]VE HIM AS PREF]R$ /EPP+-/ONE AT MO/1 BUT NOT TO D>E TO RAISE !MSELVES UP TO HIM--,BETWE5 HIM & HIS PEOPLE1 !RE W\LD ALWAYS BE AN ABYSS4 ,:AT IS MORE1 ALL[+ NO OBJECT ( WOR%IP ?AT HIMSELF1 HE C\LD NOT TOL]ATE ! CULT ( ! ,/ATE4 ,& HE NEV] DEM&$ ( ! ,JEWS1 EI!R COLLECTIVELY OR 9DIVIDUALLY1 SACRIFICES EXCEPT = HIMSELF1 NEV] = !IR COLLECTIVITY OR = ! GR&EUR & GLORY ( ! ,/ATE4 

,MOREOV]1 ! COMM&M5TS ( ,JEHOVAH AS !Y HAVE BE5 TRANSMITT$ BY ! ,DECALOGUE >E ADDRESS$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,EXCEPT+ ONLY ?OSE AMONG !M :OSE EXECUTION SURPASSES ! /R5G? ( AN 9DIVIDUAL1 REQUIR+ ! COOP]ATION ( ALL3 = EXAMPLE ! ORD]1 SO S+UL>LY HUMAN1 QUI 5JO9+ ! ,JEWS TO EXTIRPATE TO ! LA/1 WOM5 & *ILDR5 9CLUD$1 ALL ! PAGANS ?AT !Y F\ND 9 ! PROMIS$ L&1 AN ORD] TRULY WOR? ( ! ,FA!R ( \R HOLY ,*RI/IAN ,TR9ITY1 :O IS DI/+UI%$1 AS WE KN[1 BY HIS LOVE = ?IS POOR HUMAN SPECIES4 

,ALL ! O!R COMM&M5TS >E ONLY ADDRESS$ TO ! 9DIVIDUAL3 Y\ %ALL NOT KILL 7EXCEPT 9 ! V]Y FREQU5T CASES :]E ,I ORD] IT MYSELF1 HE %\LD HAVE ADD$2 Y\ %ALL NOT /EAL1 EI!R PROP]TY1 NOT ! WIFE ( ANO!R1 7ALSO CONSID]$ 9 SOME S5SE AS A PROP]TY72 Y\ %ALL RESPECT !Y P>5TS4 ,BUT ABOVE ALL Y\ WILL WOR%IP ME1 ! JEAL\S1 SELFI%1 VA9 & T]RIBLE ,GOD1 & IF Y\ DO NOT WANT TO 9CUR MY WRA? Y\ WILL S+ MY PRAISES & Y\ WILL PRO/RATE Y\RSELF ET]NALLY BE=E ME4 

,9 ,MOHAMM$ANISM !RE IS NOT EV5 A %AD[ ( ! COLLECTIVISM1 NATIONAL & LIMIT$1 :I* DOM9ATES ! ANCI5T RELIGIONS ANTIQUES1 & ( :I* WE /ILL F9D SOME FEEBLE REMNANTS UNTIL ! ,JUDAIC WOR%IP4 ,! ,KORAN KN[S NO *OSE PEOPLE1 ALL ! BELIEV]S1 :ATEV] NATION OR COMMUNITY !Y BELONG TO1 >E 9DIVIDUALLY1 NOT COLLECTIVELY1 ,GOD'S ELECT4 ,& ! CALIPHS1 SUCCESSORS ( ,MAHOMET1 W]E NEV] CALL$ ANY?+ BUT ! LEAD]S ( ! BELIEV]S4 

,BUT NO RELIGION PU%$ ! CULT ( 9DIVIDUALISM AS F> AS ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION4 ,BE=E ! ?REATS ( ,HELL & ! ABSOLUTELY 9DIVIDUAL PROMISES ( ,P>ADISE1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ?AT T]RIBLE DECL>ATION ?AT 0( ! MANY ?AT >E CALL BUT A FEW >E *OS510 !RE WAS A CONFUSION1 A G5]AL EV]Y MAN = HIMSELF2 A SORT ( CROSS-C\NTRY SCRAMBLE 9 :I* EA* WAS ONLY URG$ ON BY A S+LE PREOCCUPATION3 ?AT ( SAV+ HIS POOR LITTLE S\L4 ,WE UND]/& ?AT SU* A RELIGION C\LD & %\LD HAVE GIV5 ! C\P DE GRACE TO ANCI5T CIVILIZATION ANTIQUE1 BAS$ EXCLUSIVELY ON ! WOR%IP ( ! COLLECTIVITY1 ( ! HOMEL&1 ( ! ,/ATE & DISSOLV$ ALL ( ITS ORGANIZATIONS1 ESPECIALLY 9 AN ]A :5 IT WAS ALREADY DY+ ( OLD AGE4 ,9DIVIDUALISM IS SU* A P[]FUL SOLV5T6 ,WE SEE ! PRO( ( IT 9 ! PRES5T B\RGEOIS WORLD4 

,9 \R VIEW1 ?AT IS FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( HUMAN MORALITY1 ALL ! MONO!I/IC RELIGIONS1 BUT ESPECIALLY ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 AS ! MO/ COMPLETE & MO/ SUB/ANTIAL ( ALL1 >E FUNDAM5TALLY1 ESS5TIALLY1 & PR9CIPALLY IMMORAL3 9 CREAT+ !IR ,GOD1 !Y HAVE PROCLAIM$ ! DEG5]ATION ( ALL M51 :OSE SOLID>ITY !Y CONC$E ONLY 9 S92 & 9 POS+ ! EXCLUSIVELY 9DIVIDUAL PR9CIPLE ( SALVATION1 !Y HAVE R5\NC$ & DE/ROY$1 9S(> AS IT WAS 9 !IR P[] TO DO SO1 ! HUMAN COLLECTIVITY1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( HUMANITY4 

,ISN'T IT /RANGE ?AT WE HAVE CR$IT$ TO ,*RI/IANITY ! HONOR ( HAV+ CREAT$ ! IDEA ( HUMANITY1 ( :I* IT WAS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MO/ COMPLETE & MO/ ABSOLUTE NEGATION8 ,!RE IS1 H[EV]1 ONE S5SE 9 :I* IT CAN CLAIM ?AT HONOR1 BUT ONLY ! ONE S5SE3 IT HAS CONTRIBUT$ 9 A NEGATIVE MANN]1 BY COOP]AT+ P[]FULLY 9 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! LIMIT$1 P>TIAL COLLECTIVITIES ( ANTIQUITY1 BY HA/5+ ! NATURAL DECAD5CE ( ! HOMEL&S & CITIES1 :I*1 BE+ DEIFI$ 9 !IR ,GODS1 =M$ AN OB/ACLE TO ! CON/ITUTION ( HUMANITY2 BUT IT IS ABSOLUTELY FALSE TO SAY ?AT ,*RI/IANITY HAD EV] HAD A ?\<T ( E/ABLI%+ ?AT HUMANITY1 OR ?AT IT HAS UND]/OOD1 OR EV5 =ESE51 :AT WE TODAY CALL ! SOLID>ITY ( M51 HUMANITY1 :I* IS AN 5TIRELY MOD]N IDEA1 GLIMPS$ BY ! ,R5AISSANCE1 BUT CONCEIV$ & =MULAT$ 9 A CLE> & PRECISE MANN] ONLY 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 

,*RI/IANITY HAD ABSOLUTELY NO?+ TO DO ) HUMANITY1 = ! SIMPLE ?AT IS SOLE OBJECT IS ,DIV9ITY2 BUT ONE EXCLUDES ! O!R4--,! IDEA ( HUMANITY RE/S ON ! 9EVITABLE1 NATURAL SOLID>ITY ( ALL M5 AMONG !MSELVES4 ,BUT ,*RI/IANITY1 WE HAVE SAID1 RECOGNIZES ?AT SOLID>ITY ONLY 9 S91 & ABSOLUTELY REJECTS IT 9 SALVATION1 9 ! K+DOM ( ?AT ,GOD :O ( ! MANY :O >E CALL$ SP>ES ONLY A V]Y FEW1 & :O 9 HIS LOVABLE JU/ICE1 DRIV5 D\BTLESS BY ?AT 9F9ITE LOVE :I* DI/+UI%$ HIM1 EV5 BE=E M5 W]E BORN ON ?IS E>?1 BY HAV+ CONDEMN$ ! IMM5SE MAJORITY TO ! ET]NAL SUFF]+S ( ,HELL1 & ?AT TO PUNI% !M = A S9 COMMITT$1 NOT BY !MSELVES1 BUT BY !IR FIR/ ANCE/ORS1 :O W]E =C$ TO MAKE !MSELVES CAPABLE ( IT1 TO COMMIT IT1 9 ORD] TO AVOID ONE MORE T]RIBLE /ILL1 ?AT ( 9FLICT+ A REFUTATION ON ! DIV9E PRESCI5CE4 

,SU* IS ! DIV9E LOGIC & ! BASIS ( ALL ,*RI/IAN MORALS4 ,:AT HAVE !Y TO DO ) HUMAN LOGIC & MORALITY8 

,IT IS 9 VA9 ?AT WE ATTEMPT TO PROVE ?AT ,*RI/IANITY RECOGNIZ$ ! SOLID>ITY ( M51 BY CIT+ SOME WORDS FROM ! ,GOSPEL :I* SEEM TO =ETELL ! COM+ ( A DAY :]E !RE WILL BE MORE ?AN ONE %EPH]D & ONE FLOCK2 OR BY PO9T+ TO ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC *UR*1 T5D+ CON/ANTLY T[>DS ! REALIZATION ( ?AT AIM ?R\< ! SUBJECTION ( ! 5TIRE WORLD TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,POPE4 ,! TRANS=MATION ( ALL ( HUMANITY 9TO A FLOCK1 AS WELL AS ! REALIZATION1 HAPPILY IMPOSSIBLE1 ( ?AT UNIV]SAL DIV9E MON>*Y HAS ABSOLUTELY NO?+ TO DO ) ! PR9CIPLE ( HUMAN SOLID>ITY1 :I* ALONE CON/ITUTES :AT WE CALL HUMANITY4 ,!RE IS NOT EV5 ! %AD[ ( ?AT SOLID>ITY1 9 SOCIETY SU* AS ! ,*RI/IAN DREAM ( IT & 9 :I* ONE IS NOT BY ! GRACE ( M51 5TIRELY BY ! GRACE ( ,GOD1 A V]ITABLE FLOCK ( SCATT]$ %EEP1 :O HAVE1 & MU/ HAVE1 NO IMM$IATE & NATURAL RELATIONS AMONG !M1 TO ! PO9T ?AT !Y >E PROHIBIT$ FROM UNIT+ = ! REPRODUCTION ( ! SPECIES1 )\T ! P]MISSION OR ! B5$ICTION ( !IR %EPH]D3 ! PRIE/ ALONE HAV+ ! RI<T TO M>RY !M 9 ! NAME ( ,GOD1 :I* IS ! ONLY LEGITIMATE TRAIT ( UNION AMONG !M3 SEP>AT$ \TSIDE ( HIM1 ! ,*RI/IANS ONLY UNITE1 & CAN ONLY UNITE1 9 HIM4 ,AP>T FROM ?AT DIV9E SANCTION1 ALL HUMAN RELATIONS1 EV5 ! BONDS ( FAMILY1 >E SUBJECT TO ! G5]AL CURSE :I* /RIKES ! CREATION1 & >E DAMN$3 ! T5D]NESS ( P>5TS1 ( SP\SES1 ( *ILDR51 FRI5D%IP BAS$ ON SYMPA?Y & MUTUAL E/EEM1 ! LOVE & RESPECT ( M51 ! PASSION = ! TRUE1 ! JU/ & ! BEAUTIFUL1 ! PASSION = LIB]TY1 & ! GREATE/ ( ALL1 ! ONE :I* IMPLIES ALL ! O!RS1 ! PASSION = HUMANITY--ALL ( ?AT IS ACCURS$ & CAN BE REHABILITAT$ ONLY BY ! GRACE ( ,GOD4 ,ALL ! RELATIONS BETWE5 M5 MU/ BE SANCTIFI$ BY DIV9E 9T]V5TION DIV9E2 BUT ?AT 9T]V5TION TWI/S !M1 DEMORALIZES !M1 & DE/ROYS !M4 ,! DIV9E KILLS ! HUMAN & ! :OLE ,*RI/IAN CULT CONSI/S PROP]LY ONLY ( ?IS P]PETUAL IMMOLATION HUMANITY 9 HONOR ( ! ,DIV9ITY4 

,LET NO ONE OBJECT ?AT ,*RI/IANITY COMM&S *ILDR5 TO LOVE !IR P>5TS1 P>5TS TO LOVE !IR *ILDR51 & SP\SES TO BE MUTUALLY AFFECTIONATE4 ,YES1 BUT IT COMM&S1 & DOES NOT P]MIT !M TO LOVE IMM$IATELY1 NATURALLY1 & = !MSELVES1 BUT ONLY 9 ,GOD & = ! LOVE ( ,GOD2 IT ACCEPTS ALL !SE NATURAL RELATIONS ONLY ON ! CONDITION ?AT ,GOD IS F\ND !RE AS A ?IRD P>TY1 & ?AT T]RIBLE ?IRD KILLS ! SP\SES4 ,DIV9E LOVE DE/ROYS HUMAN LOVE4 ,*RI/IANITY COMM&S US1 IT IS TRUE1 TO LOVE \R FELL[ MEAN AS MU* AS \RSELVES1 BUT IT COMM&S US AT ! SAME TIME TO LOVE ,GOD MORE ?AN \RSELVES & CONSEQU5TLY MORE ?AN \R FELL[S1 ?AT IS TO SACRIFICE \R FELL[S = ! SALVATION ( \RSELVES1 = 9 ! F9AL ACC\NT1 ! ,*RI/IAN ONLY WOR%IPS ,GOD = ! SALVATION ( HIS S\L4 

,GOD BE+ GIV51 ALL ( ?AT IS A /RICT CONSEQU5CE3 ,GOD IS ! 9F9ITE1 ! ABSOLUTE1 ! ,ET]NAL1 ! ALL-P[]FUL2 MAN IS ! F9ITE1 ! P[]LESS4 ,9 COMP>ISON TO ,GOD1 9 ALL RELATIONS1 HE IS NO?+4 ,! ,DIV9E ALONE IS JU/1 TRUE1 BEAUTIFUL & GOOD1 & EV]Y?+ ?AT IS HUMAN 9 MAN MU/ BE1 BY ! SAME LOGIC1 DECL>$ FALSE1 S9FUL1 DETE/ABLE & MIS]ABLE4 ,! CONTACT ( ! ,DIV9ITY ) ?AT POOR HUMANITY1 MU/ !N NECESS>ILY DEV\R1 CONSUME1 & DE/ROY ALL ?AT REMA9S ( ! HUMAN 9 M54 

,BUT ALSO DIV9E 9T]V5TION 9 HUMAN AFFAIRS HAD NEV] FAIL$ TO PRODUCE EXTREMELY DISA/R\S EFFECTS4 ,IT HAS P]V]T$ ALL ! RELATIONS ( M5 AMONG !MSELVES & REPLAC$ !IR NATURAL SOLID>ITY BY ! HYPOCRITICAL & NOXI\S PRACTICES ( ! RELIGI\S COMMUNITIES1 :]E1 UND] ! GUISE ( *>ITY1 EA* ?9KS ONLY ( ! SALVATION ( HIS S\L1 MAK+ ?US1 UND] ! PRETEXT ( DIV9E LOVE1 EXTREMELY REF9$ HUMAN SELFI%NESS1 FULL ( CONC]N = HIMSELF & 9DIFF]5CE1 MALICE1 EV5 CRUELTY = HIS FELL[ MAN4 ,?AT EXPLA9S ! 9TIMATE ALLIANCE :I* HAS ALWAYS EXI/$ BETWE5 ! HANGMAN & ! PRIE/1 AN ALLIANCE FRANKLY AV[$ BY ! CELEBRAT$ *AMPION DE ULTRAMONTANISM1 ,MR4 ,JOSEPH DE ,MAITRE ( :I* ! MO/ ELOQU5T1 AFT] HAV+ DEIFI$ ! ,POPE1 HAS NOT FAIL$ TO REHABILITATE ! EXECUTION]--! ONE BE+1 9 FACT1 ! NECESS>Y COMPLEM5T ( ! O!R44 

,BUT IT IS NOT ONLY 9 ! ,CA?OLIC *UR* ?AT ?IS EXCESSIVE T5D]NESS = ! HANGMAN APPE>S4 ,! S9C]ELY RELIGI\S & BELIEV+ M9I/]S ( ! DIFF]5T PROTE/ANT D5OM9ATIONS2 HAVE !Y NOT UNANIM\SLY PROTE/$ 9 \R TIME AGA9/ ! ABOLITION ( ! DEA? P5ALTY1 SO TRUE IS IT ?AT ! DIV9E LOVE KILLS1 9 ! HE>TS :I* IT HAS P5ETRAT$1 ! LOVE ( M52 SO TRUE IS IT 9 G5]AL ?AT ALL ! RELIGIONS1 BUT AMONG !M ,*RI/IANITY ESPECIALLY1 HAVE NEV] HAD ANY OBJECT BUT TO SACRIFICE M5 TO !IR ,GODS4 ,& ( ALL ! DIV9ITIES ( :I* HI/ORY HAS SPOK51 IS !RE ONE :O HAS MADE AS MANY TE>S & AS MU* BLOOD FL[ AS ?IS GOOD ,GOD ( ! ,*RI/IANS1 OR :O HAS P]V]T$ TO ! SAME EXT5T ! 9TELLIG5CES1 ! HE>TS1 & ALL ! RELATIONS ( M5 AMONG !MSELVES8 

,UND] ?IS UNHEAL?Y 9FLU5CE1 ! M9D IS OBSCUR$ & ! >D5T SE>* = TRU? IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A COMPLAISANT WOR%IP ( LIES2 HUMAN DIGNITY IS DEBAS$1 HONE/Y BECOMES TREA*]\S1 K9DNESS CRUEL1 JU/ICE 9IQUIT\S & HUMAN RESPECT IS TRANS=M$ 9TO AN >ROGANT DISDA9 = M52 ! 9/9CT = LIB]TY LEADS TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( S]VITUDE1 & ,*>ITY1 BECOM+ 9=M] & P]SECUTOR1 ORD]$ ! MASSACRE ( ! H]ETICS & ! BLOODY ORGIES ( ! 9QUISITION--! RELIGI\S MAN WAS CALL$ ,JESUIT1 MOMI] OR PIETI/--R5\NC+ HUMANITY1 HE AIMS = SANCTITY--& ! SA9T UND] ! GUISE ( A MORE OR LESS HYPOCRITICAL HUMILITY & *>ITY1 CONCEAL ! PRIDE & IMM5SE SELFI%NESS ( AN ABSOLUTELY ISOLAT$ HUMAN EGO1 :I* WOR%IPS ITSELF 9 ITS ,GOD4 ,= WE MU/ NOT BE MI/AK51 :AT ! RELIGI\S MAN SEEKS ABOVE ALL & ?9KS ?AT HE F9DS 9 ! ,DIV9ITY ?AT HE WOR%IPS1 IS /ILL HIMSELF1 BUT GLORIFI$1 9VE/$ ) 9F9ITE P[] & IMMORTALIZ$4 ,& HE HAS TOO (T5 DRAWN FROM IT PRETEXTS & 9/RUM5TS TO 5?RALL$ & EXPLOIT ! HUMAN WORLD4 

,?AT !N IS ! LA/ WORD ( ! ,*RI/IAN CULT2 IT IS ! EXALTATION SELFI%NESS1 :I*1 BREAK+ ALL SOCIAL SOLID>ITY1 WOR%IPS ITSELF 9 ITS ,GOD & IMPOSES ITSELF ON ! IGNORANT MASS ( M5 9 ! NAME ( ?AT ,GOD1 :I* IS TO SAY 9 ! NAME ( ITS HUMAN ,SELF1 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY EXALT$ & DEIFI$ BY ITSELF4 ,?AT IS ALSO :Y RELIGI\S M5 >E ORD9>ILY SO FI]CE3 9 DEF5D+ !IR ,GOD1 !Y TAKE P>T = !IR SELFI%NESS1 !IR PRIDE1 & !IR VANITY4 

,FROM ALL ?IS IT RESULTS ?AT ,*RI/IANITY IS ! MO/ DECISIVE & MORE COMPLETE NEGATION ( ALL SOLID>ITY BETWE5 M51 ?AT IS ( SOCIETY1 & CONSEQU5TLY ALSO ( MORALS1 S9CE \TSIDE ( SOCIETY1 !RE CAN BE NO MORALITY1 !RE REMA9S ONLY ! RELIGI\S RELATIONS ( ! ISOLAT$ MAN ) HIS ,GOD1 :I* IS TO SAY ) HIMSELF4 

,! MOD]N METAPHYSICIANS1 S9CE ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO REE/ABLI% MORALITY1 BAS+ IT NOT ON ,GOD1 BUT ON MAN4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 OB$I5T TO ! T5D5CIES ( !IR C5TURY1 !Y HAVE TAK5 = !IR PO9T ( DEP>TURE NOT ! SOCIAL MAN1 LIV+ & REAL1 :O IS ! D\BLE PRODUCT ( NATURE & SOCIETY1 BUT ! AB/RACT ,SELF ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AP>T FROM ALL ITS NATURAL & SOCIAL L9KS1 ! V]Y ONE DEIFI$ BY ,*RI/IAN SELFI%NESS1 :I* ALL ! *UR*ES1 :E!R CA?OLIC OR PROTE/ANT1 WOR%IP AS !IR ,GOD4 

,H[ WAS ! ONE ,GOD ( ! ,MONO!I/S BORN8 ,BY ! SUCCESSIVE ELIM9ATION ( ALL ! REAL1 LIV+ BE+S4 

,TO EXPLA9 :AT WE MEAN BY ?AT1 IT BECOMES NECESS>Y TO SAY A FEW WORDS AB\T RELIGION4 ,WE W\LD PREF] NOT TO SPEAK ( IT AT ALL1 BUT N[ADAYS IT BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE TO TREAT POLITICAL & SOCIAL QUE/IONS )\T T\*+ ON ! RELIGI\S QUE/ION4 

,IT IS WRONG TO CLAIM ?AT ! RELIGI\S S5TIM5T IS PROP] TO M52 WE F9D ALL ! FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5TS P]FECTLY 9 ! ANIMAL WORLD1 & AMONG !SE ELEM5TS ! PR9CIPAL ONE IS FE>4 0,! FE> ( ,GOD10 SAY ! !OLOGIANS1 0IS ! BEG9N+ ( WISDOM40 ,WELL1 ISN'T ?AT FE> F\ND1 EXTREMELY WELL DEVELOP$1 9 ! BEA/S1 & >E ALL ! ANIMALS NOT CON/ANTLY FRI<T5$8--,ALL FEEL AN 9/9CTIVE T]ROR 9/9CTIVE ) RESPECT TO ! ALL-P[]FUL NATURE ?AT PRODUCES !M1 RAISES & N\RI%ES !M1 IT IS TRUE1 BUT :I* AT ! SAME TIME CRU%ES !M1 5VELOPS !M ON ALL SIDES1 ?REAT5+ !IR EXI/5CE AT EA* H\R1 & ALWAYS 5DS BY KILL+ !M4 

,AS ! ANIMALS ( ALL ! O!R SPECIES LACK ?AT P[] ( AB/RACTION & G5]ALIZATION ) :I* MAN IS GIFT$1 !Y DO NOT APPREH5D ?AT TOTALITY ( BE+S ?AT WE CALL NATURE1 BUT !Y S5SE IT & !Y FE> IT4 ,?AT IS ! TRUE BEG9N+ ( ! RELIGI\S S5TIM5T4 

,EV5 WOR%IP IS NOT LACK+4 ,)\T SPEAK+ ( ! QUIV] ( JOY FELT BY ALL LIV+ BE+S AT ! RIS+ ( ! SUN1 NOR ( !IR :9+ AT ! APPROA* ( ONE ( ?OSE T]RIBLE NATURAL CATA/ROPHES :I* DE/ROY !M BY ! MILLIONS1 WE HAVE ONLY TO CONSID]1 = EXAMPLE1 ! ATTITUDE ( ! DOG 9 ! PRES5CE ( ITS MA/]4 ,ISN'T IT JU/ EXACTLY ?AT ( MAN ) REG>D TO HIS ,GOD8 

,MAN ALSO DID NOT BEG9 ) ! G5]ALIZATION ( NATURAL PH5OM5A1 & HE HAS >RIV$ AT ! IDEA ( NATURE AS A UNIQUE BE+1 ONLY AFT] MANY C5TURIES ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,! PRIMITIVE MAN1 ! SAVAGE1 LITTLE DIFF]5T FROM ! GORILLA1 D\BTLESS %>$ = A LONG TIME ALL ! S5SATIONS & 9/9CTIVE REPRES5TATIONS ( ! GORILLA--IT WAS ONLY OV] A V]Y LONG TIME ?AT HE BEGAN TO MAKE !M ! OBJECT ( HIS 9ITIALLY V]Y 9FANTILE REFLECTIONS1 TO GIVE !M A NAME1 & BY ?IS MEANS TO FIX !M 9 HIS NASC5T M9D4 

,IT WAS 9 ?IS WAY ?AT ! RELIGI\S S5TIM5T ?AT HE HAD 9 COMMON ) ! ANIMALS ( O!R SPECIES BECAME EMBODI$1 BECAME A P]MAN5T REPRES5TATION 9 HIM1 LIKE ! BEG9N+ ( AN IDEA3 ?AT ( ! OCCULT EXI/5CE ( A BE+ SUP]IOR TO & MU* MORE P[]FUL ?AN HIM1 & G5]ALLY V]Y HO/ILE & V]Y DE/RUCTIVE1 ( ! BE+ :I* MADE HIM FE>1 9 %ORT1 ( HIS ,GOD4 

,SU* WAS ! FIR/ ,GOD1 SO RUDIM5T>Y1 IT IS TRUE1 ?AT ! SAVAGE :O S\<T TO CONJURE HIM EV]Y:]E1 SOME?+ ?\<T !Y F\ND HIM 9 A BIT ( WOOD1 9 A RAG1 A BONE OR /ONE--?IS WAS ! ]A ( ! ,FETI%ISM ( :I* WE /ILL F9D SOME VE/IGES TODAY 9 ,CA?OLICISM4 

,IT D\BTLESS REQUIRES C5TURIES MORE = ! SAVAGE MAN TO PASS FROM ! WOR%IP ( 9ANIMATE FETI%ES TO ?AT ( LIV+ FETI%ES1 TO ! CULT ( DIFF]5T ANIMALS & 9 ! 5D TO ?AT ( MAGICIANS4 ,HE >RIVES !RE BY A LONG S]IES ( EXP]IM5TS & BY ! PROCESS ( ELIM9ATION3 ,NOT F9D+ ! =MIDABLE P[] ?AT HE WANT$ TO CONJURE 9 ! FETI%ES1 HE S\<T IT 9 ! ,GOD-,MAN1 ! SORC]]4 

,LAT]1 & ALWAYS BY ?IS SAME PROCESS ( ELIM9ATION & SETT+ ASIDE ! MAGICIAN1 :OSE EXP]IM5T HAD F9ALLY %[N HIM HIS P[]LESSNESS1 ! SAVAGE MAN WOR%IP$ BY TURNS ! GR&E/ & MO/ T]RIBLE PH5OM5A ( NATURE3 ! TEMPE/1 ! ?UND]1 ! W9D1 & CONT9U+ 9 ?IS WAY1 FROM ELIM9ATION TO ELIM9ATION1 HE ROSE F9ALLY TO ! WOR%IP ( ! SUN & PLANETS4 ,IT APPE>S ?AT ! HONOR ( HAV+ CREAT$ ?IS CULT BELONGS TO ! H]D+ PEOPLES4 

,?AT WAS ALREADY A GREAT PROGRESS4--,! MORE ! ,DIV9ITY1 ! P[] ?AT !Y FE>$1 WAS SEP>AT$ FROM MAN1 ! MORE RESPECTABLE & GR&IOSE IT APPE>$4--,!RE WAS N[ BUT ONE GREAT /EP TO TAKE1 = ! DEF9ITIVE E/ABLI%M5T ( ! RELIGI\S WORLD--?IS WAS TO >RIVE AT ! WOR%IP ( AN 9VISIBLE ,DIV9ITY4 

,UNTIL ?IS FATAL SOM]SAULT FROM ! WOR%IP ( ! VISIBLE TO ! WOR%IP ( ! 9VISIBLE1 ! ANIMALS ( ! O!R SPECIES HAD BE5 ABLE1 9 A P9*1 TO ACCOMPANY !IR Y\NG] BRO!R1 MAN1 9 ALL HIS !OLOGICAL EXP]IM5TS4 ,= !Y ALSO WOR%IP$1 9 !IR WAY1 ALL ! PH5OM5A ( NATURE4 ,WE DON'T KN[ :AT !Y CAN FEEL = ! O!R PLANETS1 H[EV]1 WE >E C]TA9 ?AT ! MOON & ESPECIALLY ! SUN EX]T A V]Y NOTICEABLE 9FLU5CE ON !M4 ,BUT ! 9VISIBLE ,DIV9ITY 9VISIBLE C\LD ONLY HAVE BE5 9V5T$ BY MAN4 

,BUT MAN HIMSELF1 BY :AT PROCESS C\LD HE DISCOV] ?IS ,9VISIBLE ,BE+1 ( :I* NONE ( HIS S5SES1 NOT EV5 HIS SI<T1 C\LD HELP HIM TO OBS]VE ! REAL EXI/5CE1 & BY MEANS ( :AT >TIFICE C\LD HE RECOGNIZE ITS NATURE QUALITIES8 ,:AT F9ALLY IS ?AT SUPPOS$LY ABSOLUTE ,BE+1 :I* MAN ?\<T HE HAD F\ND ABOVE & \TSIDE ( EV]Y?+8 

,! PROCESS WAS NO?+ O!R ?AN ?AT WELL KN[N OP]ATION ( ! M9D ?AT WE CALL AB/RACTION OR ELIM9ATION2 & ! F9AL RESULT ( ?AT OP]ATION C\LD ONLY BE ! AB/RACT ABSOLUTE1 NO?+1 ! VOID4--,& IT IS PRECISELY ?IS NO?+ ?AT MAN WOR%IPS AS HIS ,GOD4 

,BY RAIS+ HIMSELF BY HIS M9D ABOVE ALL REAL & LIV+ ?+S1 9CLUD+ HIS [N BODY1 BY DISREG>D+ ALL ?AT IS S5SIBLE OR EV5 JU/ VISIBLE1 9CLUD+ ! FIRMAM5T & ALL ! />S1 MAN F9DS HIMSELF FAC+ ! ABSOLUTE ,VOID1 ! 9DET]M9ATE1 9F9ITE ,VOID1 )\T ANY CONT5T1 AS IT IS )\T ANY LIMIT4 

,9 ?IS ,VOID1 ! M9D ( ! MAN1 :O HAD PRODUC$ IT BY MEANS ( ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL ?+S1 CAN NECESS>ILY 5C\NT] NO?+ BUT HIMSELF1 9 ! /ATE ( AB/RACTIVE P[] :I* HAV+ DE/ROY$ EV]Y?+ & HAV+ NO?+ MORE TO ELIM9ATE1 FALLS BACK ON ITSELF 9 A /ATE ( ABSOLUTE 9ACTION1 & :I* SEE+ ITSELF 9 ?IS COMPLETE 9]TION1 :I* APPE>S SUBLIME TO IT1 LIKE A ,BE+ DIFF]5T FROM ITSELF1 POSES AS ITS [N ,GOD & WOR%IPS ITSELF4 

,GOD IS !RE=E NO?+ O!R ?AN ! HUMAN ,SELF BECOME ABSOLUTELY ,VOID BY MEANS ( AB/RACTION OR ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL ?AT IS REAL & LIV+4 ,IT IS PRECISELY 9 ?AT WAY ?AT ! ,BUDDHA HAS BE5 CONCEIV$1 :O ( ALL ! RELIGI\S REVELATEURS WAS C]TA9LY ! MO/ PR(\ND1 ! MO/ S9C]E1 & ! MO/ TRUE4 

,EXCEPT ?AT ,BUDDHA DID NOT KN[1 & C\LD NOT N[1 ?AT ! HUMAN MID ITSELF HAD CREAT$ ?IS ,GOD-,VOID4 ,IT WAS H>DLY UNTIL ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY ?AT WE BEGAN TO P]CEIVE IT1 & IT IS ONLY 9 \R [N C5TURY ?AT ?ANKS TO MU* MORE EXT5SIVE /UDIES ON ! NATURE & OP]ATIONS ( ! HUMAN M9D1 WE HAVE MANAG$ TO TAKE FULL ACC\NT ( IT4 

,:ILE ! HUMAN M9D CREAT$ ,GOD1 IT PROCE$$ ) ! MO/ COMPLETE NAIVETE2 IT /ILL HAD NO KN[L$GE ( ITSELF & )\T D\BT+ ITSELF 9 ! LEA/1 IT C\LD WOR%IP ITSELF 9 ITS ,GOD-,VOID4 

,H[EV]1 IT C\LD NOT /OP BE=E ?IS ,VOID ?AT IT HAD MADE ITSELF1 IT MU/ ABSOLUTELY FILL IT & MAKE IT DESC5D TO E>?1 9TO ! LIV+ REALITY4 ,IT >RIV$ AT ?IS 5D ALWAYS ) ! SAME NAIVETE & BY ! SIMPLE/1 MO/ NATURAL PROCESS4 ,AFT] HAV+ DEIFI$ ITS [N ,SELF1 9 ?IS /ATE ( AB/RACTION OR ABSOLUTE ,VOID1 IT B[$ BE=E IT1 WOR%IP$ IT & PROCLAIM$ IT ! CAUSE & AU?OR ( ALL ?+S4--,?AT WAS ! BEG9N+ ( !OLOGY4 

,!N HE MADE A COMPLETE REV]SAL1 DECISIVE1 FATAL1 & NO D\BT HI/ORICALLY 9EVITABLE1 BUT ALL ! SAME EXTREMELY DISA/R\S 9 ALL HUMAN CONCEPTIONS3 

,GOD--! ABSOLUTE ,VOID1 WAS PROCLAIM$ ! SOLE LIV+ ,BE+1 P[]FUL & REAL1 & ! LIV+ WORLD & AS AN 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE1 NATURE1 ALL ! ?+S REALLY REAL & LIV+ AS COMP>$ TO ?AT ,GOD1 W]E DECL>$ ,VOID4--,IT IS PROP] TO !OLOGY TO MAKE ! ,VOID 9TO ! REAL & ! REAL 9TO NO?+4 

,ALWAYS PROCE$+ ) ! SAME NAIVETE1 & )\T ! LEA/ CONSCI\SNESS ( :AT HE DID1 MAN US$ A MEANS AT ONCE V]Y +5I\S & V]Y NATURAL TO FILL ! FRI<T5+ VOID ( HIS DIV9ITY3 ,HE SIMPLY ATTRIBUT$ TO IT1 BY EXAGG]AT+ !M H[EV] TO MON/R\S PROPORTIONS1 ALL ! ACTIONS1 ALL ! =CES1 ALL ! QUALITIES & PROP]TIES1 GOOD OR BAD1 B5EFICIAL OR H>MFUL1 ?AT IT F\ND AS MU* 9 NATURE AS 9 SOCIETY4 ,?US IS WAS ?AT ! E>?1 PILLAG$1 WAS IMPOV]I%$ = ! PR(IT ( ! HEAV5 ?AT IS 5RI*$ BY ITS REMA9S4 

,IT RESULTS FROM ?IS ?AT ! MORE HEAV51 ! HABITATION ( ! ,DIV9ITY1 WAS 5RI*$1 ! MORE MIS]ABLE ! E>? BECAME1 & ?AT IT WAS 5\< = A ?+ TO BE WOR%IP$ 9 HEAV51 9 ORD] = ! COMPLETE OPPOSITE ( ?AT TO F9D ITSELF REALIZ$ 9 ?IS L[] WORLD4 ,IT IS :AT WE CALL RELIGI\S FICTIONS--TO EA* ( !SE FICTIONS CORRESPOND1 WE KN[ ONLY TOO WELL1 SOME MON/R\S REALITY--?US CELE/IAL LOVE HAS NEV] HAD ANY O!R EFFECT ?AT T]RE/RIAL HATR$1 DIV9E GOODNESS HAS ALWAYS PRODUC$ ONLY EVIL1 & LIB]TY 9 ,GOD MEANS SLAV]Y H]E BEL[4 ,WE WILL SOON SEE ?AT IT IS ! SAME ) ALL ( ! POLITICAL & JURIDICAL FICTIONS1 BO? BE+ ONLY CONSEQU5CES OR TRANS=MATIONS ( ! RELIGI\S FICTION4 

,IT IS NOT 9 A S+LE /ROKE ?AT ! ,DIV9ITY ASSUMES ?IS ABSOLUTELY DE/RUCTIVE *>ACT]4 ,9 ! PAN!I/IC RELIGIONS ( ! ,ORI5T1 9 ! CULT ( ! ,BRAHMANS & ?AT ( ! PRIE/S ( ,EGYPT1 AS WELL AS 9 ! BELIEFS ( ! ,PHO5ICIANS & ,SYRIANS1 IT ALREADY PRES5TS ITSELF 9 A V]Y T]RIBLE ASPECT--! ,ORI5T WAS AT ALL TIMES1 & /ILL REMA9S TODAY1 TO A C]TA9 DEGREE AU MOI1 ! HOMEL& ( ! DESPOTIC ,DIV9ITY1 CRU%+ & FI]CE1 NEGATION ( ! M9D & ( HUMANITY4 ,IT IS ALSO ! HOMEL& ( SLAVES1 ( ABSOLUTE MON>*S1 & ( CA/ES4 

,9 ,GREECE ! ,DIV9ITY WAS HUMANIZ$--ITS MY/]I\S UNITY RECOGNIZ$ ONLY BY ! PRIE/S1 ITS D>K & DREADFUL *>ACT] RELEGAT$ TO ! BACKGR\ND ( ! ,HELL5IC MY?OLOGY4--,POLY!ISM FOLL[$ ,PAN!ISM4 ,OLYMPUS1 IMAGE ( ! F$]ATION ( ! ,GREEK CITIES1 IS A SORT ( REPUBLIC V]Y WEAKLY GOV]N$ BY ! FA!R ( ! GODS1 ,JUPIT]1 :O HIMSELF OBEYS ! DECREES ( ,DE/9Y4 

,DE/9Y IS IMP]SONAL2 IT IS 9EVITABILITY ITSELF1 ! IRRESI/IBLE =CE ( ?+S1 BE=E :I* ALL MU/ B5D1 M5 & ,GODS4 ,MOREOV]1 AMONG !SE ,GODS1 CREAT$ BY ! POETS1 NONE IS ABSOLUTE2 EA* REPRES5TS ONLY ON SIDE1 ONE P>T1 EI!R ( MAN1 OR ( NATURE 9 G5]AL1 )\T = ALL ?AT CEAS+ TO BE CONCRETE & LIV+ ,BE+S4--,!Y COMPLEM5T ONE ANO!R & TOGE!R FUN AN 5SEMBLE :I* IS V]Y LIVELY1 V]Y GRACI\S1 & ABOVE ALL V]Y HUMAN4 

,!RE IS NO?+ SOMB] 9 ?IS RELIGION1 ! !OLOGY ( :I* WAS 9V5T$ BY ! POETS1 EA* ADD+ FREELY SOME ,GOD OR SOME NEW DOGMA1 ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( ! ,GREEK CITIES1 EA* ( :I* HAD ! HONOR ( HAV+ ITS TUTEL>Y DIV9ITY1 REPRES5T+ ITS COLLECT+ SPIRIT4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! RELIGION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT ( ! COLLECTIVITY ( ! CITIZ5S AS MU* AS HOMEL&S RE/RA9$ & P>TIALLY FREE1 L9K$ MOREOV] AMONG !MSELVES MORE OR LESS BY A SORT ( F$]ATION1 V]Y IMP]FECTLY ORGANIZ$ & V]Y WEAK4 

,( ALL ! RELIGI\S CULTS ?AT HI/ORY %[S US ?IS WAS C]TA9LY ! LEA/ !OLOGICAL1 ! LEA/ S]I\S1 ! LEA/ DIV9E1 & = ?OSE V]Y REASONS ! LEA/ DE/RUCTIVE1 ! ONE :I* LEA/ H9D]S ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( HUMAN SOCIETY4--,! MULTIPLICITY ( ,GODS R\<LY EQUAL 9 P[] WAS BY ITSELF A GU>ANTEE AGA9/ ABSOLUTISM2 P]SECUT$ BY SOME1 ONE C\LD SEEK PROTECTION AMONG ! O!RS1 & ! EVIL CAUS$ BY ONE ,GOD F\ND ITS COMP5SATION 9 ! GOOD PRODUC$ BY ANO!R4 ,SO !RE IS NOT 9 ! ,GREEK MY?OLOGY ?AT LOGICALLY AS WELL AS MORALLY MON/R\S CONTRADICTION1 ! ,GOOD & ,EVIL1 ,BEAUTY & ,UGL9ESS1 ,GOODNESS & ,MALICE1 HATE & LOVE1 F9D !MSELVES CONC5TRAT$ 9 ONE S+LE P]SON1 LIKE ?AT 9EVITABLY PRES5T 9 ! ONE ,GOD ( ,MONO!ISM4 

,WE F9D ?AT MON/ROSITY 5TIRELY 9 ! ,GOD ( ! ,JEWS & ,*RI/IANS4 ,IT WAS A NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE ( DIV9E UNITY2 & 9DE$1 ?AT UNITY ONCE ACCEPT$1 H[ CAN WE EXPLA9 ! COEXI/5CE ( ,GOOD & ,EVIL8 ,! ANCI5T ,P]SIANS HAD AT LEA/ IMAG9$ TWO ,GOD3 ONE ( ,LI<T & ,GOOD1 ,OHRMAZD2 ! O!R ( EVIL & D>KNESS1 ,AHRIMAN2 ?US IS WAS NATURAL ?AT !Y W\LD COMBAT ONE ANO!R1 AS GOOD & EVIL COMBAT & PREVAIL 9 TURN 9 NATURE & 9 SOCIETY4 ,BUT H[ TO EXPLA9 ?AT ONE & ! SAME ,GOOD1 ALMI<TY1 ALL TRU?1 ALL LOVE1 ALL ,BEAUTY1 C\LD GIVE BIR? TO ,EVIL1 HATR$1 UGL9ESS1 & FALSEHOOD8 

,9 ORD] TO RESOLVE ?AT CONTRADICTION1 ! ,JEWI% & ,*RI/IAN !OLOGIES HAVE HAD REC\RSE TO ! MO/ REVOLT+ & S5SELESS 9V5TIONS4--,FIR/ !Y W\LD ATTRIBUTE ALL EVIL TO ,SATAN4 ,BUT :]E DID ,SATAN COME FROM8 ,IS HE1 LIKE ,AHRIMAN1 ! EQUAL ( ,GOD8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,LIKE ALL ! RE/ ( ! CREATION1 HE IS ! WORK ( ,GOD4--,SO IT WAS ,GOD :O 5G5D]$ EVIL4--,NO1 RESPOND ! !OLOGIANS1 ,SATAN WAS FIR/ AN ANGEL ( LI<T1 & IT WAS ONLY AFT] HIS REVOLT AGA9/ ,GOD ?AT HE BECAME ! ANGEL ( ! D>KNESS4--,BUT IF REVOLT IS AN EVIL--:I* IS V]Y D\BTFUL1 & WE BELIEVE ON ! CONTR>Y ?AT IT IS A GOOD1 S9CE )\T IT WE W\LD NEV] HAVE SOCIAL EMANCIPATION--IF IT CON/ITUTES A CRIME1 :O CREAT$ ! POSSIBILITY ( ?IS EVIL8 ,GOOD1 UND\BT$LY1 ! SAME !OLOGIANS WILL RESPOND1 BUT HE HAS ONLY MADE EVIL POSSIBLE 9 ORD] TO ALL[ TO ANGELS1 AS TO M51 FREE WILL2 & :AT IS FREE WILL8 ,IT IS ! FACULTY ( *OOS+ BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL1 & ( DECID+ SPONTANE\SLY EI!R = ONE OR = ! O!R4 ,BUT 9 ORD] ?AT ANGELS & M5 C\LD *OOSE EVIL1 ?AT !Y C\LD DECIDE ON EVIL1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT EVIL EXI/ 9DEP5D5T ( !M1 & :O C\LD HAVE GIV5 IT EXI/5CE1 IF NOT ,GOD8 

,ALSO1 CLAIM ! !OLOGIANS1 AFT] ! FALL ( ,SATAN1 :I* PREC$$ ?AT ( MAN1 ,GOD1 NO D\BT 5LI<T5$ BY ?AT EXP]IM5T1 NOT WANT+ ! O!R ANGELS TO FOLL[ ! FATAL EXAMPLE ( ,SATAN1 DEPRIV$ !M ( FREE WILL1 LEAV+ !M ONLY !IR FACULTY = GOOD1 SO ?AT FROM !N ON !Y W]E NECESS>ILY VIRTU\S & NO LONG] IMAG9$ ANY HAPP9ESS BUT TO S]VE ET]NALLY AS LACKEYS TO ?IS T]RIBLE LORD4 

,H[EV]1 IT APPE>S ?AT ,GOD WAS NOT SUFFICI5TLY 9=M$ BY HIS FIR/ EXP]IM5T1 S9CE1 AFT] ! FALL ( ,SATAN1 HE CREAT$ MAN1 & ?R\< BL9DNESS OR MALICE1 DID NOT FAIL TO GRANT HIM ?IS FATAL GIFT ( FREE WILL :I* HAD DOOM$ ,SATAN & :I* %\LD DOOM HIM AS WELL4 

,! FALL ( MAN1 AS WELL AS ?AT ( ,SATAN1 WAS 9EVITABLE1 S9CE IT HAD BE5 DET]M9$1 = ALL ,ET]NITY1 9 ! DIV9E PRESCI5CE4 ,MOREOV]1 )\T GO+ SO F>1 WE TAKE ! LIB]TY ( OBS]V+ ?AT ! SIMPLE EXP]I5CE ( AN HONE/ FA!R W\LD HAVE PREV5T$ ! GOOD ,GOD FROM SUBJECT+ !SE UN=TUNATE FIR/ M5 TO ! NOTORI\S TEMPTATION4 ,! SIMPLE/ FA!R KN[S V]Y WELL ?AT IT IS 5\< TO =BID *ILDR5 FROM T\*+ A ?+ 9 ORD] = AN 9V9CIBLE 9/9CT ( CURIOSITY TO ABSOLUTELY =CE !M TO T\* IT4 ,SO IF HE LOVES HIS *ILDR5 & IF HE IS REALLY JU/ & GOOD1 WON'T HE SP>E !M ?IS TE/1 AS USELESS AS IT IS CRUEL8 

,GOD HAD NEI!R ?AT REASON1 NOR ?AT GOODNESS1 NOR ?AT JU/ICE1 & AL?\< HE KNEW 9 ADVANCE ?AT ,ADAM & ,EVE MU/ SUCCUMB TO ! TEMPTATION1 NO SOON] WAS ! FAULT COMMITT$1 ?AN HE LET HIMSELF BE C>RI$ AWAY BY A TRULY DIV9E WRA?4 ,HE WAS NOT CONT5T TO CURSE ! DISOB$I5T WRET*ES2 HE CURS$ ALL !IR DESC5DANTS UNTIL ! 5D ( TIME1 V[+ HELLI% TORM5TS = BILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O W]E OBVI\SLY 9NOC5T1 S9CE !Y HAD NOT EV5 BE5 BORN ) ! FAULT WAS COMMITT$4--,HE DID NOT EV5 CONT5T HIMSELF ) CURS+ M51 BUT CURS$ ) !M ALL ( NATURE1 HIS ONE CREATION1 ?AT HE HIMSELF HAD F\ND SO WELL MADE4 

,IF A FA!R HAD ACT$ 9 ?IS SAME WAY1 W\LDN'T WE DECL>E HIM />K RAV+ MAD8 ,H[ !N HAVE ! !OLOGIANS D>$ TO ATTRIBUTE TO !IR ,GOD :AT !Y W\LD HAVE F\ND ABSURD1 CRUEL1 & DI%ONORABLE ON ! P>T ( A MAN4 ,AH6 ,IT IS BECAUSE !Y NE$ ?AT ABSURDITY6 ,H[ !N W\LD !Y HAVE EXPLA9$ ! EXI/5CE ( EVIL 9 ?IS ,WORLD :I* %\LD HAVE EM]G$ P]FECT FROM ! H&S ( SO P]FECT A WORK]1 ( ?IS ,WORLD CREAT$ BY ,GOD HIMSELF8 

,BUT ONCE ! FALL ( MAN IS ACCEPT$1 ALL ! DIFFICULTIES >E SMOO!D OV] & ALL ! COMPLEXITIES >E EXPLA9$4 ,! CLAIM IT1 AT LEA/4 ,NATURE1 P]FECT AT FIR/1 BECOMES SUDD5LY IMP]FECT1 ! :OLE APP>ATUS IS ?R[N \T ( GE>2 ! PRIMITIVE H>MONY IS SUCCE$$ BY ! DISORD]$ CLA% ( =CES2 ! PEACE :I* REIGN$ AT FIR/ AMONG ALL ! SPECIES ( ANIMALS1 GIVES PLACE TO A T]RIFY+ C>NAGE1 TO A MUTUAL DEV\R+2 & MAN1 ! K+ ( NATURE1 SURPASSES IT 9 F]OCITY4--,! E>? BECOME ! VALE ( BLOOD & TE>S41 & ! LAW ( ,D>W9--! PITILESS1 T]RIBLE /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE--TRIUMPHS 9 NATURE & 9 SOCIETY4 ,EVIL OV]:ELMS ,GOOD1 & ,SATAN SMO!RS ,GOD4 

,& ALL ( ?AT BECAUSE ! FIR/ TWO HUMANS1 DISOBEY+ ! ,LORD & ALL[+ !MSELVES TO BE S$UC$ BY ! S]P5T1 HAD D>$ TO TA/E ! =BIDD5 FRUIT6 

,& SU* 9EPTITUDE1 9 A FABLE AS RIDICUL\S1 REVOLT+1 & MON/R\S1 HAS BE5 S]I\SLY REPEAT$ BY GREAT DOCTORS ( !OLOGY1 = MORE ?AN FIFTE5 C5TURIES1 & /ILL IS REPEAT$ TODAY3 MORE ?AN ?AT1 IT IS (FICIALLY1 COMPULSORILY TAU<T 9 ALL ! S*OOLS ( ,EUROPE4 ,:AT MU/ WE ?9K ( ! HUMAN RACE AFT] ?AT8 ,& >5'T ?OSE A ?\S& TIMES RI<T :O CLAIM ?AT WE BETRAY EV5 TODAY \R V]Y CLOSE K9%IP ) ! GORILLA8 

,BUT ! M9D ( ! ,*RI/IAN !OLOGIANS DOES NOT /OP !RE4 ,9 ! FALL ( MAN & 9 ITS CONSEQU5CES1 AS DISA/R\S = NATURE AS = HIMSELF1 !Y HAVE WOR%IP$ ! MANIFE/ATION ( DIV9E JU/ICE4 ,!N !Y RECALL$ ?AT ,GOD WAS NOT ONLY JU/ICE1 BUT ?AT HE WAS ALSO ABSOLUTE LOVE1 & TO RECONCILE ONE ) ! O!R H]E IS :AT !Y HAVE 9V5T$3 

,AFT] HAV+ LEFT ?AT POOR HUMANITY = ?\S&S ( YE>S 9 ! GRIP ( HIS T]RIBLE CURSE1 :I* HAD ! CONSEQU5CE ( DOOM+ BILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S TO ET]NAL TORTURE1 HE FELT LOVE REAWAK5 )9 HIM4 ,SO :AT DID HE DO8 ,DID HE )DRAW ! UN=TUNATE TORTURE VICTIMS FROM HELL8 ,NO1 NOT AT ALL2 ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 CONTR>Y TO HIS ET]NAL JU/ICE4 ,BUT HE HAD AN ONLY SON2 H[ & :Y HE HAD HIM IS ONE ( ?OSE PR(\ND MY/]IES ?AT ! !OLOGIANS1 :O HAVE GIV5 IT TO ME1 DECL>E IMP5ETRABLE1 :I* IS A NATURALLY H&Y MANN] ( GETT+ \T ( ! SITUATION & RESOLV+ ALL ! DIFFICULTIES4 ,SO1 ?IS FA!R FULL ( LOVE1 9 HIS SUPREME WISDOM1 DECID$ TO S5D ?IS ONLY SON TO E>?1 SO ?AT HE C\LD BE KILL$ BY M51 9 ORD] TO SAVE1 NOT ! G5]ATIONS PASS$1 NOR EV5 ! G5]ATIONS TO COME1 BUT AMONG !SE LA/1 AS ! ,GOSPEL ITSELF DECL>ES1 & AS ! *UR*1 :E!R CA?OLIC OR PROTE/ANT1 REPEATS EA* DAY1 ONLY A V]Y SMALL NUMB] ( ! ,ELECT4 

,& N[ ! C\RSE IS OP5$2 IT IS1 AS WE SAID ABOVE1 A SORT ( SCRAMBLE1 A /EEPLE*ASE1 AN EV]Y MAN = HIMSELF1 = ?OSE :O W\LD SAVE !IR S\LS4 ,H]E ! ,CA?OLICS & ,PROTE/ANTS DIVIDE3 ! FIR/ CLAIM+ ?AT WE 5T] P>ADISE ONLY ) ! SPECIAL P]MISSION ( ! HOLY FA!R1 ! ,POPE2 ! PROTE/ANTS AFFIRM+ ON !IR SIDE ?AT ! IMM$IATE & DIRECT GRACE ( ! ,GOOD ,GOD ALONE OP5S ITS GATES4--,?AT S]I\S DISPUTES /ILL CONT9UES TODAY2 WE WILL NOT GET MIX$ UP 9 IT4 

,LET US SUMM>IZE ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E 9 A FEW WORDS4 

,!RE IS ONE ,GOD3 AN ABSOLUTE1 ET]NAL1 9F9ITE1 ALL-P[]FUL BE+1 HE IS ABSOLUTE OMNISCI5CE1 TRU?1 JU/ICE1 ,BEAUTY1 ,HAPP9ESS1 ,LOVE & ,GOOD4 ,9 HIM EV]Y?+ IS 9F9ITELY GREAT2 \TSIDE ( HIM IS ,VOID4 ,HE IS1 9 ! F9AL ACC\NT1 ,BE+ ITSELF1 ! ,UNIQUE ,BE+4 

,BUT H]E IS ! ,VOID1--:I*1 AS A RESULT1 APPE>S TO HAVE A SEP>ATE EXI/5CE1 \TSIDE ( HIM--:I* IMPLIES A CONTRADICTION & AN ABSURDITY1 S9CE ,GOD EXI/+ EV]Y:]E1 FILL+ 9F9ITE SPACE ) HIS BE+1 NO?+1 NOT EV5 ! ,VOID CAN EXI/ \TSIDE ( HIM1 :I* SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,VOID ( :I* ! ,BIBLE SPEAKS TO US WAS 9 ,GOD1 ?AT IS TO SAY ?AT IT WAS ! DIV9E ,BE+ HIMSELF :O WAS ! ,VOID4--,FROM ?AT ,VOID ,GOD CREAT$ ! WORLD4 

,?IS ITSELF RAISES A QUE/ION3 WAS ! CREATION ACCOMPLI%$ = ALL ET]NITY1 OR ELSE AT A GIV5 MOM5T 9 ET]NITY8 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 IT IS ET]NAL AS ,GOD HIMSELF & CANNOT HAVE BE5 CREAT$1 BY ,GOD OR BY ANYONE2 = ! IDEA ( ! CREATION IMPLIES ! PREC$5CE ( ! CREATOR TO ! CREATURE4--,LIKE ALL ! O!R !OLOGICAL IDEAS1 ! IDEA ( ! CREATION IS AN 5TIRELY HUMAN IDEA1 TAK5 9 PRACTICE FROM HUMAN SOCIETY4--,?US ! WAT*MAK] CREATES A WAT*1 ! >*ITECT A H\SE1 ETC4 ,9 EV]Y CASE ! PRODUC] EXI/S BE=E ! PRODUCT1 AP>T FROM ! PRODUCT1 & ?IS IS :AT PR9CIPALLY CON/ITUTES ! IMP]FECTION1 ! RELATIVE &1 AS IT W]E1 DEP5D5T *>ACT] ( BO? PRODUC] & PRODUCT4 

,BUT !OLOGY1 AS IT HAS ALWAYS DONE1 BY ! WAY1 HAS TAK5 ?AT IDEA & ?AT V]Y HUMAN FACT ( PRODUCTION1 & APPLI$ IT TO ITS ,GOD1 EXT5D+ IT TO ! 9F9ITE & MAK+ IT EXCE$1 !REBY1 ITS NATURAL PROPORTIONS1 IT HAS MADE ( IT AN IMAG9ATION AS MON/R\S AS ABSURD4 

,SO IF ! CREATION IS ET]NAL1 IT IS NOT CREATION4 ,! WORLD HAS NOT BE5 CREAT$ BY ,GOD1 CONSEQU5TLY !RE IS AN EXI/5CE & A DEVELOPM5T 9DEP5D5T ( HIM--! ,ET]NITY ( ! ,WORLD IS ! V]Y NEGATION ( ,GOD--,GOD BE+ ESS5TIALLY ! ,GOD-,CREATOR4 

,SO ! WORLD IS NO LONG] ET]NAL4--,!RE WAS A P]IOD 9 ,ET]NITY :5 IT DID NOT EXI/4--,SO !RE PASS$ A :OLE ,ET]NITY DUR+ :I* ,GOD1 ABSOLUTE1 ALMI<TY1 & 9F9ITE1 WAS NOT A ,CREATOR-,GOD1 OR WAS ONLY SO POT5TIALLY1 BUT NOT 9 FACT4 

,:AT WASN'T HE8 ,:AT ?AT BY A CAPRICE ON HIS P>T1 OR DID HE NE$ TO DEVELOP TO >RIV] 9 ! 5D AT ! ACTUAL P[] TO CREATE8 

,!SE >E UNFA?OMABLE MY/]IES1 SAY ! !OLOGIANS4--,!Y >E ABSURDITIES DREAM$ UP BY Y\RSELVES1 WE RESPOND4 ,Y\ BE+ BY 9V5T+ ! ABSURD1 !N Y\ IMPOSE IT ON US AS A DIV9E1 UNFA?OMABLE MY/]Y1 MORE PR(\ND AS IT IS MORE ABSURD4 

,IT IS ALWAYS ! SAME PROCESS4 

,CR$O QUIEM ABSURDUM E/4 

,ANO!R QUE/ION3 WAS ! CREATION1 AS IT CAME FROM ! H&S ( ,GOD1 P]FECT8 ,IF IT WAS NOT1 IF C\LD NOT BE ! CREATION ( ,GOD1 = ! WORK]1 ! ,GOSPEL ITSELF SAYS1 IS JUDG$ ACCORD+ TO ! P]FECTION ( HIS WORK4 ,AN IMP]FECT CREATION W\LD NECESS>ILY SUPPOSE AN IMP]FECT CREATOR4 ,SO ! CREATION WAS P]FECT4 

,BUT IF IT WAS P]FECT1 IT C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 CREAT$ BY ANYONE2 = ! IDEA ( ABSOLUTE P]FECTION EXCLUDES ANY IDEA ( DEP5D5CE OR EV5 ( RELATION4 ,AP>T FROM IT NO?+ C\LD EXI/4 ,IF ! WORLD IS P]FECT1 ,GOD CANNOT EXI/4 

,! CREATION1 RESPOND ! !OLOGIANS1 WAS C]TA9LY P]FECT1 BUT ONLY 9 RELATION TO ALL ?AT NATURE OR M5 CAN PRODUCE1 NOT 9 RELATION TO ,GOD4 ,IT WAS NO D\BT P]FECT1 BUT NOT AS P]FECT AS ,GOD4 

,WE RESPOND ONCE MORE ?AT ?IS IDEA ( P]FECTION DOES NOT ALL[ ( DEGREES1 LIKE ! IDEA ( ! 9F9ITE OR ?AT ( ! ABSOLUTE4--,!RE CAN NEI!R BE MORE ( IT NOR LESS4 ,P]FECTION IS ONE4 ,IF !N ! CREATION WAS LESS P]FECT ?AN ! CREATOR1 IT W\LD BE IMP]FECT4 ,& ?US WE W\LD COME BACK TO SAY+ ?AT ,GOD1 ,CREATOR ( AN IMP]FECT WORLD1 IS ONLY AN IMP]FECT CREATOR--?AT W\LD BE ONCE AGA9 ! NEGATION ( ,GOD4 

,WE SEE ?AT EV]Y MANN] ( ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ?AT ( ! WORLD4 ,BUT AS ! ,WORLD EXI/S1 ,GOD CANNOT BE4--,LET US MOVE ON4 

,SO ?IS P]FECT ,GOD CREAT$ A MORE OR LESS IMP]FECT WORLD4 ,HE CREAT$ IT 9 A GIV5 MOM5T ( ,ET]NITY1 CAPRICI\SLY & NO D\BT TO RELIEVE HIS MAJE/IC SOLITUDE4 ,O!RWISE1 :Y W\LD HE HAVE CREAT$ IT8 ,!SE >E UNFA?OMABLE MY/]IES1 CRY ! !OLOGIANS4 ,9SUFF]ABLE NONS5SE1 WE REPLY TO !M4 

,BUT ! ,BIBLE ITSELF EXPLA9S TO US ! MOTIVES = ! CREATION4 ,GOD IS AN ESS5TIALLY VA9 ,BE+3 HE HAS CREAT$ ! HEAV5S & E>? 9 ORD] TO BE PRAIS$ & WOR%IP$ BY !M4 ,O!RS MA9TA9 ?AT ! CREATION WAS ! EFFECT ( HIS 9F9ITE LOVE--,= :OM8 ,= A WORLD1 = BE+S ?AT DID NOT EXI/1 OR ?AT EXI/$ AT FIR/ ONLY 9 HIS IDEA1 ?AT IS TO SAY ALWAYS = HIM-- .<! MANUSCRIPT /OPS H]E.> 

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