,NOTES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

.<#a.> ,! NOTION ( A UNIL9E> SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 LIKE ! ONE ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS PRES5T$ 9 ,ANTI-,DUHR+1 HAD ALREADY FALL5 9TO CONSID]ABLE DISREPUTE AMONG S]I\S ,M>XI/S 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( ?IS C5TURY1 AS ,I MYSELF RECALL4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ TR\BL+ PROBLEMS ) ?IS NOTION1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 WAS ! 0TRANSITION0 FROM FEUDALISM TO CAPITALISM4 ,= MY [N P>T1 ,I CLE>LY *ALL5G$ ! IDEA ?AT CAPITALISM WAS ! 09EVITABLE0 SUCCESSOR ( FEUDALISM 9 ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES4 ,!RE ,I >GU$ ?AT CAPITALISM1 FROM ! F\RTE5? C5TURY UNTIL WELL 9TO ! EI<TE5? & E>LY N9ETE5?1 WAS M]ELY P>T ( 0A MIX$ ECONOMY :I* WAS NEI!R FEUDAL1 CAPITALI/1 NOR /RUCTUR$ >\ND SIMPLE COMMODITY PRODUCTION4 ,RA!R1 IT CONTA9$ & COMB9$ ELEM5TS ( ALL ?REE =MS40 ,ECONOMICALLY AS WELL AS CULTURALLY1 AN OP5 SITUATION1 SO TO SPEAK1 EXI/$ ?AT C\LD QUITE CONCEIVABLY HAVE L$ TO MORE B5IGN SOCIAL ADVANCES & AVOID$ ! HORRORS ?AT CAPITALISM BR\<T 9TO ! WORLD4 ,SEE ,URBANIZATION ,)\T ,CITIES 7ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ AS ,! ,RISE ( ,URBANIZATION & ! ,DECL9E ( ,CITIZ5%IP BY ,SI]RA ,CLUB ,BOOKS 9 #a#i#h#g2 PUBLI%$ 9 ,CANADA BY ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#b71 PP4 #a#i#h-#b#a4 ,9 ?IS BOOK ,I CONSI/5TLY EMPHASIZE ! SIGNIFICANCE ( LIB]T>IAN MUNICIPALI/ CONF$]ATIONS 9 OPPOSITION TO ! /ATE -- HI/ORICALLY AS WELL AS CONTEMPORANE\SLY4 

.<#b.> ,! REASON = MY *OICE ( ! NAME CONV5TIONAL REASON IS ?AT IT 5COMPASSES TWO LOGICAL TRADITIONS ?AT >E (T5 REF]R$ TO 9T]*ANGEABLY1 AS IF !Y W]E SYNONYMS4 ,!Y >E 9 FACT DI/+UI%ABLE1 ANALYTICAL REASON BE+ ! HI<LY =MALIZ$ & AB/RACT LOGIC ?AT WAS ELABORAT$ \T ( ,>I/OTLE'S ,PO/]IOR ,ANALYTICS1 & 9/RUM5TAL REASON1 ! MORE CONCRETE RATIONALITY DEVELOP$ BY ! PRAGMATIC TRADITION 9 PHILOSOPHY4 ,!SE TWO TRADITIONS MELD1 (T5 UNCONSCI\SLY1 9TO ! COMMONS5SICAL REASON ?AT MO/ PEOPLE USE 9 EV]YDAY LIFE2 H5CE ! WORD CONV5TIONAL4 

.<#c.> ,I WI% TO VOICE A CAVEAT H]E4 ,I MAY BE A DIALECTICIAN1 BUT ,I AM NOT A ,HEGELIAN1 H[EV] MU* ,I HAVE B5EFIT$ FROM ,HEGEL'S WORK4 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ! EXI/5CE ( A COSMIC ,SPIRIT 7,GEI/7 ?AT F9DS ITS EMBODIM5T 9 ! EXI/5TIAL WORLD OR 9 HUMANITY4 ,>M$ ) A COSMIC ,SPIRIT ?AT ELABORATES ITSELF ?R\< HUMAN HI/ORY1 ,HEGEL T5D$ TO BLUNT ! CRITICAL ?RU/ ( HIS DIALECTIC & BR+ ! 0REAL0 -- ! GIV5 -- 9TO CON=MITY ) ! 0ACTUAL0 -- ?AT IS1 ! POT5TIAL4 ,I FOLL[ \T ! IMPLICATIONS ( ,HEGEL'S DIALECTIC ALONG NATURALI/IC L9ES4 ,H5CE MY VIEW -- OR MY 9T]PRETATION1 IF Y\ LIKE -- ?AT HIS PROJECT1 B]EFT ( A COSMIC ,SPIRIT1 PROVIDES US ) A RI* VIEW ( REALITY ?AT 9CLUDES ! RATIONAL 0:AT-%\LD-BE0 AS WELL AS ! (T5 IRRATIONAL 0:AT-IS40 ,DIALECTICAL REASON IS ?US ONTOLOGICALLY E?ICAL AS WELL AS DIALECTICALLY LOGICAL2 A GUIDE TO RATIONAL PRAXIS AS WELL AS A NATURALI/IC EXPLICATION ( ,BE+4 

.<#d.> ,G4,W4,F4 ,HEGEL1 ,PH5OM5OLOGY ( ,SPIRIT1 TRANS4 ,A4 ,V ,MILL] 7,OX=D3 ,CL>5DON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g71 PP4 #b-#c4 

.<#e.> ,G4,W4,F4 ,HEGEL1 ,LECTURES ON ! ,HI/ORY ( ,PHILOSOPHY1 VOL4 #a1 TRANS4 ,E4 ,S4 ,HALDANE & ,FRANCES ,H ,SIMSON 7,NEW ,YORK ,HUMANITIES ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#e71 P4 #b#b4 

.<#f.> ,?IS >TICLE WAS WRITT5 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aihb & PUBLI%$ 9 #aihe 9 ,MI*AEL ,TOBIAS1 $41 ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY 7,SAN ,DIEGO1 ,CALIPH43 ,AVANT ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#e74 ,IT HAS BE5 CONSID]ABLY REVIS$ = PUBLICATION H]E4 

.<#g.> ,= MY DI/9CTION BETWE5 5VIRONM5TALISM & ECOLOGY -- MORE PRECISELY1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY -- SEE MY 0,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY10 9ITIALLY DELIV]$ AS A LECTURE AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN1 ,ANN ,>BOR1 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#g#c4 ,IT WAS PUBLI%$ AS AN ESSAY DUR+ ! SAME YE> 9 ,ROOTS & ,W,9 MAGAZ9ES & IS N[ AVAILABLE AS ! LEAD+ ESSAY 9 ! COLLECTION ( MY #a#i#gS WRIT+S4 ,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY 7,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h74 

.<#h.> ,?IS PHRASE IS TAK51 ( C\RSE1 FROM ,MAX ,S*EL]'S ,MAN'S ,PLACE 9 ,NATURE4 

.<#i.> ,JOSEPH ,[5S1 =EWORD TO ,GIOVANNI ,REALE1 ,! ,CONCEPT ( ,FIR/ ,PHILOSOPHY & ! ,UNITY ( 0,! ,METAPHYSICS0 ( ,>I/OTLE 7,ALBANY3 ,/ATE ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NEW ,YORK ,PRESS1 #a#i#h71 P4 XV4 

.<#a.> ,SEE ,M>T9 ,HEIDEGG]1 ,E>LY ,GREEK ,?9K+1 TRANS4 ,D4 ,F4 ,KRELL & ,F4 ,A4 ,CAPUZZI 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] & ,R[1 #a#i#g#e74 

.<#a#a.> ,SEE ,GREGORY ,VLA/OS1 0,EQUALITY & ,JU/ICE 9 ,E>LY ,GREEK ,COSMOLOGIES10 9 ,/UDIES 9 ,PRESOCRATIC ,PHILOSOPHY1 VOL4 #a1 ,! ,BEG9N+S ( ,PHILOSOPHY1 $4 ,DAVID ,J4 ,FURLEY & ,R4 ,E4 ,ALL5 7,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE & ,KEGAN ,PAUL2 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,HUMANITIES ,PRESS1 #a#i#g71 PP4 #e#f-#i#a4 

.<#a#b.> ,LAWR5CE ,J4 ,H5D]SON1 ,! ,FITNESS ( ! ,5VIRONM5T 7,BO/ON3 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#h71 PP4 #a1 #e4 

.<#a#c.> ,VLA/OS1 0,EQUALITY & ,JU/ICE10 P4 #f4 ,H]ACLITUS1 ! LEA/ DEMOCRATIC ( ! ,PRESOCRATICS1 DOES NOT SPEAK ( ISONOMIA BUT ( ! 0,ONE10 :I* WE CAN PROP]LY DI/+UI% FROM ! 0,:OLE40 ,?IS MY/ICAL ?RU/ ALREADY PREFIGURES NEO-,PLATONISM1 :I* W\LD EMPHASIZE ! TRANSC5D5TAL & ! SOCIALLY ELITI/ ELEM5TS 9 ,GREEK PHILOSOPHY4 

.<#a#d.> ,F4 ,M4 ,CORN=D1 ,FROM ,RELIGION TO ,PHILOSOPHY3 ,A ,/UDY 9 ! ,ORIG9S ( ,WE/]N ,SPECULATION 7#a#i#a#b2 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] & ,R[1 #a#i#e#g71 P4 #f#d4 

.<#a#e.> ,IBID41 P4 #h#d4 

.<#a#f.> ,IBID41 P4 #h#e4 

.<#a#g.> ,K>L ,JASP]S1 ,KANT1 TRANS4 ,RALPH ,MANHEIM 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>C\RT1 ,BRACE & ,WORLD1 #a#i#f#b71 PP4 #e1 #e#a4 

.<#a#h.> ,A ,KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY ( SUBJECTIVITY IS C]TA9LY 9ADEQUATE = SOCIAL !ORY4 ,TO CALL = 09T]SUBJECTIVITY10 = EXAMPLE1 AS 9 ,JURG5 ,HAB]MAS'S 0IDEAL SPEE* SITUATION10 )\T SPECIFY+ :AT K9D ( POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS >E NE$$ TO GIVE ?AT 09T]SUBJECTIVITY0 RATIONAL =M1 TELLS US LITTLE AB\T ! ROLE ( 09T]SUBJECTIVITY0 9 SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,?AT ,HAB]MAS HIMSELF1 AT ?IS WRIT+ 7#a#i#i#d71 HAS TURN$ TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS ! BE/ R\TE TO SOCIAL RATIONALITY IS EVID5CE ( ! WAYW>DNESS ( 09T]SUBJECTIVITY0 AS A CONCEPTUAL BASIS = SOCIAL !ORY1 ANALYSIS1 & RECON/RUCTION4 

.<#a#i.> ,G4,W4,F4 ,HEGEL1 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,M9D1 TRANS4 ,A4 ,V4 ,MILL] 7,OX=D3 ,! ,CL>5DON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#a71 P4 #c#a#e4 

.<#b.> ,GREGORY ,BATESON1 "9,M9D & ,NATURE3 ,A ,NECESS>Y ,UNITY@& 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,E4 ,P ,DUTTON1 #a#i#g#i71 P4 #a#a4 

.<#b#a.> ,IBID41 PP4 #c#a1 #i#c4 

.<#b#b.> ,>?UR ,KOE/L]1 ,JANUS3 ,A ,SUMM+ ,UP 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#g#h74 

.<#b#c.> ,I HAVE EXPLOR$ ! ME*ANI/IC ASPECTS ( CYB]NETICS & SY/EMS !ORY 9 0,5]GY1 ',ECOTE*NOLOGY1 & ,ECOLOGY10 9 MY ,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,SOCIETY 7,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h74 

.<#b#d.> ,MORRIS ,B]MAN1 AN ADMIR] ( ,BATESON'S WORK1 HAS C>EFULLY EXPLOR$ ! HI<LY AU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT] ( ,BATESON'S SOCIAL \TLOOK 9  
,! ,RE5*ANTM5T ( ! ,WORLD 7,I?ACA1 ,N4,Y43 ,CORNELL ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#a71 PP4 #b#h-#i#f4 ,I DISAGREE ) ,B]MAN'S VIEW1 H[EV]1 ?AT AN AN>*IC ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY FOLL[S FROM ,BATESON'S CYB]NETIC APPROA*4 

.<#b#e.> ,KOESD]1 ,JANUS1 PP4 #c-#c#d4 ,KOE/L] TRIES TO RESCUE ! WORD HI]>*Y AS AN EXPRESSION ( 0FLEXIBILITY & FRE$OM0 9 C\NT]POSITION TO R$UCTIONISM1 EV5 AS ! T]M HI]>*Y HAUNTS HIM BECAUSE 0IT IS LOAD$ ) MILIT>Y & ECCLESIA/ICAL ASSOCIATIONS 444 .<&.> CONVEYS ! IMPRESSION ( A RIGID1 AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE40 ,I WILL C]TA9LY NOT DISPUTE ?IS LATT] VIEW4 

.<#b#f.> ,BATESON1 ,M9D & ,NATURE1 P4 #a#i#i4 

.<#b#g.> ,LUDWIG VON ,B]TALANFFY1 ,ROBOTS1 ,M5 & ,M9DS3 ,PSY*OLOGY 9 ! ,MOD]N ,WORLD 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BRAZILL]1 #a#i#f#g71 P1 #i4 

.<#b#h.> ,IBID41 PP4 #f#i1#g#a4 

.<#b#i.> ,GREGOIRE ,NICOLIS & ,ILYA ,PRIGOG9E1 ,SELF-,ORGANIZATION 9 ,NONEQUILIBRIUM ,SY/EMS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,JOHN ,WILEY1 #a#i#g#g74 ,= MORE ON ,PRIGOG9IAN SY/EMS !ORY1 SEE MY ESSAY 0,?9K+ ,ECOLOGICALLY10 ELSE:]E 9 ?IS BOOK4 

.<#c.> ,BY F> ! BE/ ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( ,DID]OTIS WORKS IS ,JEAN ,/EW>T & ,JONA?AN ,KEMP'S ,DID]OT3 ,9T]PRET] ( ,NATURE3 ,SELECT$ ,WRIT+S 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#c#f71 :I* CAPTURES ! ELEGANCE & RI* NUANCE ( ,DID]OT'S PROSE ?AT >E (T5 LO/ 9 ,5GLI% TRANSLATIONS4 

.<#c#a.> ,G4,W4,F4 ,HEGEL1 ,PH5OM5OLOGY ( ,SPIRIT1 TRANS4 ,A4 ,V ,MILL] 7,OX=D3 ,! ,CL>5DON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g71 P4 #d#i4 

.<#c#b.> ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS1 ,FEU]BA* & ! ,5D ( ,CLASSICAL ,G]MAN ,PHILOSOPHY1 9 ,M>X & ,5GELS1 ,SELECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 #b1 P4 #c#c2 QUOT$ 9 ,GEORG ,LUKACS1  
,! ,Y\NG ,HEGEL3 ,/UDIES 9 ! ,RELATIONS BETWE5 ,DIALECTICS & ,ECONOMICS1 TRANS4 ,RODNEY ,LIV+/ONE 7,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASS43 ,M,I,T ,PRESS2 ,LONDON3 ,! ,M]L9 ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#e71 P4 #d#f#h4 

.<#c#c.> ,SEE ,]W9 ,S*ROD+]1 ,:AT IS ,LIFE8 ,M9D & ,MATT] 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N4,Y43 ,D\BL$AY1 #a#i#e#f74 ,= A MORE DETAIL$ ACC\NT ( ! NEW ADVANCES 9 A/ROPHYSICS & BIOLOGY1 SEE MY ,VIE ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#h#b2 ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i71 FROM :I* A NUMB] ( !SE PASSAGES1 G5]ALLY 9 MODIFI$ =M1 >E DRAWN4 

.<#c#d.> ,W4ILLIAM ,TRAG]1 ,SYMBIOSIS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,VAN ,NO/R& ,RE9HOLD1 #a#i#g71 P4 VII4 

.<#c#e.> ,LYNN ,M>GULIS1 ,SYMBIOSIS 9 ,CELL ,EVOLUTION 7,SAN ,FRANCISCO3 ,W4 ,H4 ,FREEMAN1 #a#i#hL74 ,MY CITATION ( ,M>GULIS APPLIES ONLY TO H] NOTION ?AT LIFE PLAY$ A ROLE 9 CREAT+ ! BIOSPH]E4 ,IT %\LD NOT BE TAK5 AS 5DORS+ EI!R H] R$UCTIONI/ VIEWS ( PROK>YOTIC CELLS OR H] ACCEPTANCE ( ! MY/ICAL ,GAIA ,HYPO!SIS4 

.<#c#f.> ,MANFR$ ,EIG51 0,MOLECUL> ,SELF-,ORGANIZATION & ! ,E>LY ,/AGES ( ,EVOLUTION10 ,QU>T]LY ,REVIEW ( ,BIOPHYSICS1 VOL4 #d 7#a#i#g#a71 P4 #b#b4 

.<#c#g.> ,M>GULIS1 ,SYMBIOSIS1 PP4 #c#d#h-#d#i4 

.<#c#h.> ,ELIZABE? ,VRBA CIT$ 9 ,ROB]T ,LEW91 0,EVOLUTION>Y ,!ORY ,UND] ,FIRE0  
,SCI5CE1 VOL4 #ba 7#a#i#h71 PP4 #h#h#e4 

.<#c#i.> ,HANS ,JONAS1 ,! ,PH5OM5ON ( ,LIFE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,DELTA1 #a#i#f#f71 PP4 #h#b1 #i4 

.<#d.> ,?IS >TICLE WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,ALT]NATIVES1 VOL4 #a#c1 NO4 #d 7,NOVEMB] #a#i#h#f74 ,IT HAS BE5 SIGNIFICANTLY REVIS$ = PUBLICATION H]E4 

.<#d#a.> ,DESPITE SOME REC5T NONS5SE TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL RECONNOIT]$ A NONHI]>*ICAL & ECOLOGICAL VIEW ( SOCIETY'S FUTURE1 9 NO S5SE W]E ITS ABLE/ ?9K]S1 ,MAX ,HORKHEIM] & ,!ODOR ,ADORNO1 RESOLUTELY CRITICAL ( HI]>*Y & DOM9ATION4 ,RA!R1 !IR VIEWS W]E CLE>LY PESSIMI/IC3 REASON & CIVILIZATION1 = BETT] OR WORSE1 5TAIL 0UNCOMPROMIS+ 9DIVIDUALS .<:O.> MAY HAVE BE5 9 FAVOR ( UNITY & COOP]ATION 444 TO BUILD A /RONG HI]>*Y4444 ,! HI/ORY ( ! OLD RELIGIONS & S*OOLS LIKE ?AT ( ! MOD]N P>TIES & REVOLUTIONS TEA*ES US ?AT ! PRICE = SURVIVAL IS PRACTICAL 9VOLVEM5T1 ! TRANS=MATION ( IDEAS 9TO DOM9ATION40 ,SEE ,HORKHEIM] & ,ADORNO1  
,DIALECTIC ( ,5LI<T5M5T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,H]D] & ,H]D]1 #a#i#g#b2 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#d#d71 PP4 #b#a#c1 #b#a#e4 ,! P[] ( !SE ?9K]S LAY 9 !IR OPPOSITION TO POSITIVISM & ! !ORETICAL PROBLEMS !Y RAIS$1 NOT 9 ! SOLUTIONS !Y (F]$4 ,ATTEMPTS TO MAKE !M 9TO PROTO-SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S1 MU* LESS PRECURSORS ( BIOREGIONALISM1 9VOLVE A GROSS MISREAD+ ( !IR IDEAS OR1 WORSE1 A FAILURE TO READ !IR WORKS AT ALL4 

.<#d#b.> ,?IS APPROA* WAS /ILL RA!R NEW SOME TW5TY-FIVE YE>S AGO1 :5 ,I PIONE]$ IT TOGE!R ) R>E COLLEAGUES LIKE ,*>LES ,S4 ,ELTON4 ,TODAY IT HAS BECOME COMMONPLACE 9 ECOLOGICAL & 5VIRONM5TAL ?9K+1 AS HAVE ORGANIC ME?ODS ( G>D5+4 

.<#d#c.> ,D>W9 DID NOT D5Y ! ROLE ( ANIMAL 9T]ACTIVITY 9 EVOLUTION1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! FAM\S ,*APT] #c ( ,! ,ORIG9 ( ,SPECIES1 :]E HE SUGGE/S ?AT 0EV]-9CREAS+ CIRCLES ( COMPLEXITY0 *ECK POPULATIONS ?AT1 LEFT UNCONTROLL$1 W\LD REA* PE/ PROPORTIONS4 ,BUT HE SEES ?IS AS A 0BATTLE )9 BATTLES .<:I*.> MU/ BE CONT9UALLY RECURR+ ) V>Y+ SUCCESS0 7ON P4 #eh ( ! ,MOD]N ,LIBR>Y $ITION74 ,MOREOV]1 0! DEP5D5CY ( ONE ORGANIC BE+ ON ANO!R0 -- TYPICALLY 0AS ( A P>ASITE ON ITS PREY0 -- IS SECOND>Y TO ! /RUGGLE 0BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS ( ! SAME SPECIES0 7P4 #f74 ,LIKE MO/ ,VICTORIANS1 ,D>W9 HAD A /RONGLY PROVID5TIAL & MORAL SIDE TO HIS *>ACT]3 0WE MAY CONSOLE \RSELVES10 HE ASSURES US1 0?AT ! W> ( NATURE IS G5]ALLY PROMPT1 & ?AT ! VIGOR\S1 ! HEAL?Y1 & ! HAPPY SURVIVE & MULTIPLY0 7P4 #f#b74 ,9DE$3 0,H[ FLEET+ >E ! WI%ES & EF=TS ( MAN6 H[ %ORT HIS TIME6 & CONSEQU5TLY H[ POOR WILL BE HIS RESULTS1 COMP>$ ) ?OSE ACCUMULAT$ BY ,NATURE'S PRODUCTIONS DUR+ :OLE GEOLOGICAL P]IODS6 ,CAN WE WOND]1 !N1 ?AT ,NATURE'S PRODUCTIONS %\LD BE F> 'TRU]' ?AN MAN'S PRODUCTIONS2 ?AT !Y %\LD BE 9F9ITELY BETT] ADAPT$ TO ! MO/ COMPLEX CONDITIONS ( LIFE1 & %\LD PLA9LY BE> ! /AMP ( A F> HI<] WORKMAN%IP80 7P4 #f#f74 ,!SE REM>KS DO NOT MAKE ,D>W9 AN ECOLOGI/ BUT >E M>VEL\S ASIDES TO A !SIS ?AT EMPHASIZES V>IATION1 SELECTION1 FITNESS1 & ABOVE ALL /RUGGLE4 ,YET ONE CANNOT HELP BUT BE 5TRANC$ BY A MORAL S5SIBILITY ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 MAGNIFIC5TLY RESPONSIVE TO ! MESSAGE ( MOD]N ECOLOGY & ?AT DES]VES NONE ( ! ON]\S RUBBI% ?AT HAS BE5 IMPUT$ TO ! MAN BECAUSE ( SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM4 

.<#d#d.> ,SEE ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7,PALO ,ALTO3 ,*E%IRE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#b2 ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#a71 PP4 #f#h-#f#i4 

.<#d#e.> ,AN ECOLOGICAL APPROA* CAN SP>E US SOME ( ! WOR/ ABSURDITIES ( SOCIOBIOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL R$UCTIONISM4 ,! POPUL> NOTION ?AT \R DEEP-SEAT$ 0REPTILIAN0 BRA9 IS RESPONSIBLE = \R AGGRESSIVE1 0BRUTI%10 & CRUEL BEHAVIORAL TRAITS MAY MAKE = GOOD TELEVISION DRAMAS LIKE  
,COSMOS1 BUT IT IS RIDICUL\S SCI5CE4 ,LIKE ALL ! GREAT ANIMAL GR\PS1 MO/ ,MESOZOIC REPTILES W]E ALMO/ C]TA9LY G5TLE H]BIVORES1 NOT C>NIVORES -- & ?OSE ?AT W]E C>NIVORES W]E PROBABLY NEI!R MORE NOR LESS AGGRESSIVE1 0BRUTI%10 OR 0CRUEL0 ?AN MAMMALS4 ,\R IMAGES ( ,TYRANNOSAURUS REX 7A CREATURE :OSE G5]IC NAME IS SOCIOLOGICAL NONS5SE7 MAY BE 9ORD9ATELY FRI<T5+1 BUT !Y GROSSLY DI/ORT ! REPTILIAN LIFE-=MS ON :I* ! C>NIVORE PREY$4 ,IF ANY?+1 ! MAJORITY ( ,MESOZOIC REPTILES W]E PROBABLY V]Y PACIFIC & EASILY FRI<T5$1 ALL ! MORE BECAUSE !Y W]E NOT P>TICUL>LY 9TELLIG5T V]TEBRATES4 ,:AT REMA9S UNACKN[L$G$ 9 ?IS IMAG]Y ( FI]CE1 FIRE-BREA?+1 & 0UNFEEL+LY CRUEL0 REPTILES IS ! IMPLICIT ASSUMPTION ( DIFF]5T PSY*IC S5SIBILITIES 9 REPTILES & MAMMALS1 ! LATT] PRESUMABLY BE+ MORE 0S5SITIVE0 & 0UND]/&+0 ?AN ! =M]4 ,A PSY*IC EVOLUTION 9 NONHUMAN BE+S ?US GOES TOGE!R ) ! EVOLUTION ( 9TELLIG5CE4 ,YET CONFRONT$ ) ! UN/AT$ PREMISES ( SU* EVOLUTION>Y TR5DS1 FEW SCI5TI/S W\LD F9D !M COM=TABLE4 

.<#d#f.> ,?IS PROJECT IS ELABORAT$ 9 CONSID]ABLE DETAIL 9 MY BOOK  
,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM4 

.<#d#g.> ,H5CE FRE$OM IS NO LONG] RESOLVABLE 9TO A /RID5T NIHILI/IC NEGATIVITY OR A TRITE 9/RUM5TAL POSITIVITY4 ,RA!R1 9 ITS OP5-5D$NESS1 IT CONTA9S BO? & TRANSC5DS !M AS A CONT9U+ PROCESS4 ,FRE$OM ?US RESI/S PRECISE DEF9ITION JU/ AS IT RESI/S T]M9AL F9ALITY4 ,IT IS ALWAYS BECOM+1 HOPEFULLY SURPASS+ :AT IT WAS 9 ! PA/ & DEVELOP+ 9TO :AT IT CAN BE 9 ! FUTURE4 

.<#d#h.> ,?IS ESSAY WAS ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 ,\R ,G5]ATION1 VOL4 #a#h1 NO4 #b 7,SPR+-,SUMM] #a#i#h#g74 ,IT HAS BE5 REVIS$ = PUBLICATION H]E4 

.<#d#i.> ,?IS BASICALLY ,M>XIAN !SIS1 :I* ALL MEMB]S ( ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL TOOK = GRANT$1 IS REPEAT$LY MIS9T]PRET$1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T1 :5 IT IS DISCUSS$ AT ALL4 ,H[EV] MU* !Y OPPOS$ DOM9ATION1 NEI!R ,ADORNO NOR ,HORKHEIM] S+L$ \T HI]>*Y AS AN UND]LY+ PROBLEMATIC 9 !IR WRIT+S4 ,9DE$1 !IR RESIDUAL ,M>XIAN PREMISES L$ TO A HI/ORICAL FATALISM ?AT SAW ANY LIB]ATORY 5T]PRISE 7BEYOND >T1 P]HAPS7 AS HOPELESSLY TA9T$ BY ! NE$ TO DOM9ATE NATURE & CONSEQU5TLY 0MAN40 ,?IS POSITION /&S COMPLETELY AT ODDS ) MY [N VIEW ?AT ! NOTION -- & NO MORE ?AN AN UNREALIZABLE NOTION -- ( DOM9AT+ NATURE /EMS FROM ! DOM9ATION ( HUMAN BY HUMAN4 ,?IS IS NOT A SEMANTIC DIFF]5CE 9 ACC\NT+ = ! ORIG9S ( DOM9ATION4 ,LIKE ,M>X1 ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL SAW NATURE AS A 0DOM9E]+0 =CE OV] HUMANITY ?AT HUMAN GUILE -- & CLASS RULE -- HAD TO EXORCIZE BE=E A CLASSLESS SOCIETY WAS POSSIBLE4 ,! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL1 NO LESS ?AN ,M>XISM1 PLAC$ ! ONUS = DOM9ATION PRIM>ILY ON ! DEM&+ =CES ( NATURE4  

 ,MY [N WRIT+S RADICALLY REV]SE ?IS V]Y TRADITIONAL VIEW ( ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 SOCIETY & NATURE4 ,I >GUE ?AT ! IDEA ( DOM9AT+ NATURE FIR/ >OSE )9 SOCIETY AS P>T ( ITS 9/ITUTIONALIZATION 9TO G]ONTOCRACIES ?AT PLAC$ ! Y\NG 9 V>Y+ DEGREES ( S]VITUDE TO ! OLD & 9 PATRI>*IES ?AT PLAC$ WOM5 9 V>Y+ DEGREES ( S]VITUDE TO M5 -- NOT 9 ANY 5DEAVOR TO 0CONTROL0 NATURE OR NATURAL =CES4 ,V>I\S MODES ( SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONALIZATION1 NOT MODES ( ORGANIZ+ HUMAN LABOR 7SO CRUCIAL TO ,M>X71 W]E ! FIR/ S\RCES ( DOM9ATION1 :I* IS NOT TO D5Y ,M>X'S !SIS ?AT CLASS SOCIETY WAS ECONOMICALLY EXPLOITATIVE4 ,H5CE1 DOM9ATION CAN BE DEF9ITIVELY REMOV$ ONLY BY RESOLV+ PROBLEMATICS ?AT HAVE !IR ORIG9S 9 HI]>*Y & /ATUS1 NOT 9 CLASS & ! TE*NOLOGICAL CONTROL ( NATURE ALONE4 

.<#e.> ,LEON ,E4 ,/OV]1 ,! ,CULTURAL ,ECOLOGY ( ,*9ESE ,CIVILIZATION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,PICA ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#d74 

.<#e#a.> ,IT IS A COMPELL+ COMM5T>Y ON !IR NAIVETE ?AT ,WE/]N]S CAN SO READILY IGNORE ORI5TAL DESPOTISM 9 FAVOR ( A ROMANTIC REV]5CE = ,ASIAN 0SAGES40 ,*9ESE ELITES P]FECT$ AN EXQUISITELY CRUEL E?OS T[>D ! MASSES1 :OM !Y NOT ONLY EXPLOIT$ PHYSICALLY BUT DEGRAD$ SPIRITUALLY4 ,?AT ?IS PEASANTRY QUIETI/ICALLY B5T ITS HEAD TO ! YOKE DOES NOT SPEAK WELL = ,*9ESE 0SAGES40 ,! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ IS AN EM95TLY POLITICAL COLLECTION ( PASSAGES4 ,FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY -- :I* PO9T$LY /UDIES ! SOCIAL ORIG9S ( A NATURE IDEOLOGY & EXPLORES ITS LOGIC -- ! PASSIVITY T[>D NATURE ?AT ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ FO/]$ C\LD EASILY HAVE BE5 TRANSPOS$ 9TO SOCIETY1 JU/ AS NATURE PHILOSOPHY 9 ! ,WE/ HAS S]V$ SOCIAL ELITES 9 ! WOR/ ( CASES1 & REBELS 9 ! BE/4 ,9 ANY CASE1 9 #aihi ,*9ESE /UD5TS EXHIBIT$ MORE 9T]E/ 9 ,WE/]N ?AN ,EA/]N IDEALS3 !Y 9VOK$ IDEALS MORE R$OL5T ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ?AN ! ,TAO ,TE ,*+ BY TAK+ TO ! /REETS ) DEM&S = DEMOCRACY & HUMAN RI<TS4 

.<#e#b.> ,FRITJ( ,CAPRA1 ,! ,TURN+ ,PO9T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SIMON & ,S*U/]1 #a#i#h#b71 PP4 #b#h#f-#h#g4 

.<#e#c.> ,IBID41 PP4 #b#h#g1#d#a#b4 

.<#e#d.> ,IBID41 P4 #b#h#h4 

.<#e#e.> ,IBID4 

.<#e#f.> ,SEE ,ILYA ,PRIGOG9E & ,ISABELLE ,/5G]S1 ,ORD] ,\T ( ,*AOS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,BANTAM ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#d71 PP4 #b#i#a-#c#a4 ,! NOTION ( ! IRREV]SIBILITY ( TIME1 APPROPRIATE AS IT MAY BE = ,PRIGOG9E TO EMPHASIZE IT 9 ORD] TO EXORCIZE A ME*ANI/IC DYNAMICS BAS$ ON TIME'S REV]SIBILITY1 IS NOT CONGRU5T ) PROCESS & EVOLUTION2 IT IS M]ELY ONE PRESUPPOSITION ( !SE PH5OM5A4 

.<#e#g.> ,?AT SU* COSMIC =MULAS CANNOT EXPLA9 ! F\NDATIONS ( EI!R ORGANIC OR SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T IS NOT AN >GUM5T AGA9/ 0F\NDATIONALISM0 -- ?AT IS1 ! VIEW ?AT !RE >E EXPLANATIONS ?AT CAN ACC\NT = DIFF]5TIAE 9 ! BIOLOGICAL & SOCIAL AS WELL AS ! 9ORGANIC PHYSICAL WORLD4 ,\R WORLD HAS MORE COH]5CE ?AN MANY RELATIVI/S TODAY >E WILL+ TO ADMIT1 ) ITS DIFF]5T LEVELS ( UNFOLD+ &1 9 !IR SCOPE1 DIFF]5T F\NDATIONS1 DEGREES ( POSSIBILITY1 SUBJECTIVITY &1 ) HUMANITY1 REASON4 

.<#e#h.> ,CAPRA1 ,TURN+ ,PO9T1 P4 #b#h#h4 

.<#e#i.> ,IBID41 PP4 #c1#c#i#c4 

.<#f.> ,GREGORY ,BATESON1 ,M9D & ,NATURE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,E4,P ,DUTTON1 #a#i#g#i71 P4 #c#a4 

.<#f#a.> ,= A MORE COMPLETE DISCUSSION ( NATURE'S FECUNDITY & ITS S\RCE 9 SPECIES V>IETY1 SEE MY 0,FRE$OM & ,NECESSITY 9 ,NATURE10 ELSE:]E 9 ?IS BOOK4 

.<#f#b.> ,HUMAN SELF-HATR$1 ,I MAY ADD1 IS NOT A PSY*OLOGICAL PH5OM5ON ALONE2 IT HAS UGLY SOCIAL ROOTS4 ,! PRIVILEG$ HATE NOT O!R PRIVILEG$ BUT ! UND]PRIVILEG$1 G5]ALLY ACCUS+ !M ( 0AN?ROPOC5TRIC0 VICES & SUBJECT+ !M TO ! CON/RA9TS ( 0NATURAL LAW40 

.<#f#c.> #a#f4 ,DAVID ,=EMAN1 9T]VIEW$ BY ,BILL ,DEVALL1 0,A ,SPANN] 9 ! ,WOODS10  
,SIMPLY ,LIV+1 VOL4 #ab 7C4 #a#i#h#f74 

.<#f#d.> ,LET ME MAKE IT CLE> ?AT ,I BELIEVE ?AT NATURE IS NEI!R HI]>*ICAL NOR EGALIT>IAN -- CONCEPTS ?AT >E MEAN+LESS UNLESS !Y >E 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ SOCIALLY1 :I* PRESUPPOSES A HUMAN PRES5CE 9 ! BIOSPH]E1 OR SECOND NATURE4 ,:AT WE 5C\NT] 9 FIR/ NATURE IS COMPLEM5T>ITY1 ! MUTUALI/IC 9T]ACTION ( LIFE-=MS 9 MA9TA9+ A NONHUMAN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY4 ,AT ?IS BIOLOGICAL LEVEL1 COMPLEM5T>ITY IS NOT AN E?ICS -- :I* IS ASSOCIAT$ ) REASON$ BEHAVIOR -- BUT A DESCRIPTIVE DATUM RELAT$ TO MUTUALISM4 ,I US$ ! WORD COMPLEM5T>ITY TO D5OTE AN E?ICS 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM4 ,S9CE ?AT BOOK WAS PUBLI%$1 0NATURAL LAW0 DEVOTEES HAVE PICK$ UP ON IT ) M9IMAL ACKN[L$GM5T & TURN$ IT 9TO A 0LAW ( COMPLEM5T>ITY0 -- A REGRESSIVE USE ( ! CONCEPT IF !RE EV] WAS ONE4 

.<#f#e.> ,I AM NOT SPEAK+ AB\T 0DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM10 :I*1 :ATEV] ! 9T5TIONS ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 US$ ,HEGELIAN T]MS & CONCEPTS TO =MULATE :AT WAS LITTLE MORE ?AN A SCI5TI/IC 0DIALECTICAL0 ME*ANISM4 ,MY PURPOSE IS NOT TO FLE% \T ! SKELETON ( DIALECTICAL PHILOSOPHY ) 0MAT]IALISM0 OR A LATT]-DAY NOM9ALI/ PHYSICALITY1 BUT TO BR+ NATURE 9TO ! =EGR\ND ( DIALECTICAL ?\<T 9 AN EVOLUTION>Y & ORGANISMIC WAY4 

.<#f#f.> ,G4,R4,G4 ,MURE1 ,>I/OTLE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#d71 P4 #g4 

.<#f#g.> ,IT IS >GUABLE :E!R ,HEGEL SAW TELEOLOGY AS AN 9FLEXIBLE PR$ET]M9ATION ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 0REAL0 9 ITS BEG9N+S4 ,HEGEL'S ,LOGIC EXI/S ON A DIFF]5T LEVEL FROM ! EXI/5TIAL REALITY WE EXP]I5CE 9 HI/ORY & EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,ITS 0PURIFI$0 CATEGORIES >E DEVELOP$ FROM EA* O!R ) A 0LOGICAL NECESSITY0 &1 9 A METAPHORIC S5SE1 C\LD BE SE5 AS A RATIONAL LEVEL P>ALLEL TO ! EXI/5TIAL LEVEL FROM :I* !Y >E AB/RACT$4 ,?IS LOGOS1 AS IT W]E1 C\LD BE TAK5 AS AN EXEMPL>Y & ?US 9H]5TLY CRITICAL VISION ( ! WORLD 9 A HI<LY SUBJECTIVIZ$ =M :OSE 0LOGIC0 YIELDS A DI/9CT RATIONAL CONCLUSION1 JU/ AS ,PLATO'S DOMA9 ( =MS HAS BE5 REG>D$ BY MANY ,PLATONI/S AS EXEMPL>Y 9 A NORMATIVE S5SE1 AS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! FLAW$ WORLD ?AT WE EXP]I5CE >\ND US4 

.<#f#h.> ,RESPONSIBILITY = ! CONFUSION AB\T ! MEAN+ ( ! WORDS REAL & ACTUAL IS BY NO MEANS ,HEGEL'S BUT RA!R ?AT ( SOME ( HIS TRANSLATORS ,! ,G]MAN WORD WIRKLI* HAS A FAMILY ( ,5GLI% MEAN+S ?AT 9CLUDE 0REAL0 AS WELL AS 0ACTUAL40 ,HEGEL WAS QUITE SCRUPUL\S 9 DI/+UI%+ ! 0REAL0 FROM ! 0ACTUAL0 9 HIS ,SCI5CE ( ,LOGIC1 :]E 0REALITY10 AS HE PUT IT 9 HIS DISCUSSION ( 0,DET]M9ATE ,BE+10 SEEMS 0TO BE AN AMBIGU\S WORD10 :ILE 0,ACTUALITY IS ! UNITY ( ,ESS5CE & ,EXI/5CE4 ,SEE ! ,JOHN/ON & ,/RU!RS TRANSLATION1 ,SCI5CE ( ,LOGIC 7,NEW ,YORK ,MACMILLAN1 #a#i#b#i71 VOL4 #a1 P4 #a#b#d1 & VOL4 #b1 P4 #a#f4 ,! PROBLEM >OSE :ET ,HEGEL'S FAM\S MAXIM1 ,WAS V]NUNFTIG I/1 DAS I/ WIRKLI*2 UND WAS WIRKLI* I/1 DAS I/ V]NUNFTIG1 WAS MI/RANSLAT$ AS 0,:AT IS RATIONAL IS REAL1 & :AT IS REAL IS RATIONAL40 ,! CORRECT & PHILOSOPHICALLY MEAN+FUL TRANSLATION IS 0,:AT IS RATIONAL IS ACTUAL1 & :AT IS ACTUAL IS RATIONAL40 ,! MI/RANSLATION1 :I* R5D]$ REAL & ACTUAL SYNONYMS1 CONCEIV$ ! ,HEGELIAN REAL AS ! ACTUALIZATION ( ! POT5TIAL4 ,! MIS*IEF ?IS MI/RANSLATION PRODUC$ 9 ! 9T]PRETATION ( ,HEGEL'S IDEAS IS MAT*$ ONLY BY ! CONFUSION IT PRODUC$ 9 ! 9T]PRETATION ( ! MAXIM ITSELF4 ,5GELS1 IRONICALLY1 CL>IFI$ ,HEGEL'S MEAN+ WOND]FULLY -- ALBEIT US+ REAL RA!R ?AN ACTUAL4 ,SEE HIS ,LUDWIG ,FEU]BA* & ! ,5D ( ,G]MAN ,PHILOSOPHY1 9 ,M>X & ,5GELS1 ,SELECT$ ,WORKS 7,MOSC[3 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#g71 VOL4 #c1 PP4 #c#c#g-#c#h4 ,I AM NOT NITPICK+ H]E3 ! ODIUM ?AT ,HEGELIAN PHILOSOPHY ACQUIR$ AS AN APOLOGIA = ! ,PRUSSIAN /ATE RE/S 9 NO SMALL P>T ON ! FAILURE TO PROP]LY 9T]PRET -- & TRANSLATE -- ?IS FAM\S MAXIM 9 ,HEGEL'S ,5CYCLOP$IA ,LOGIC & ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,RI<T4 

.<#f#i.> ,G4,W4,F4 ,HEGEL1 ,LECTURES ON ! ,HI/ORY ( ,PHILOSOPHY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,HUMANITIES ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#e71 VOL4 #a1 P4 #bb 7MY EMPHASIS74 ,H]E ,HEGEL IS DESCRIB+ ! DIALECTIC 9 UNKN[+ NATURE4 0,9 ,M9D IT IS O!RWISE10 HE IS QUICK TO ADD2 0IT IS CONSCI\SNESS & !RE=E IT IS FREE1 UNIT+ 9 ITSELF ! BEG9N+ & ! 5D -- ?AT IS TO SAY1 9T5TION1 /RIV+1 & PR$ET]M9ATION0 7P4 #b#b74 ,9 FACT1 FROM MY VIEWPO9T ! CONCLUSION ?AT 0,M9D0 IS 0FREE0 C\LD ALSO MEAN ?AT KN[+ BE+S CAN BE WAYW>D1 IDIOSYNCRATIC & ONE-SID$1 & -- UNLIKE NONHUMAN BE+S -- CRUEL &1 PUT BLUNTLY1 EVIL4 

.<#g.> ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS HAS NOT BE5 NOTIC$ 9 MO/ COMM5T>IES ON ,HEGEL'S OEUVRE1 MU* LESS 9 PHILOSOPHY G5]ALLY1 :I* SEEMS MORE OCCUPI$ ) E/ABLI%+ :AT ,HEIDEGG] MEANS BY 0,BE+0 ?AN ) O!R CONCEPTS ( ,BE+ 9 ,WE/]N ?\<T4 

.<#g#a.> 0,:AT-C\LD-BE10 9S(> AS IT 9VOLVES ORGANIC SUBJECTIVITY & FLEXIBILITY1 D]IVES FROM ! NATURAL REALM ( POT5TIALITY4 0,:AT-%\LD-BE10 ! UNFOLD+ ( ! RATIONAL1 IS AN E?ICAL EXTRAPOLATION ( 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL POT5TIALITIES1 ( ATTRIBUTES ( ! TRULY SELF-DET]M9+ P]SON & SOCIETY4 

.<#g#b.> ,VIEW$ FROM ?IS /&PO9T1 !RE IS A S5SE 9 :I* ,HEGEL'S 0OBJECTIVE IDEALISM0 WAS MORE OBJECTIVE ?AN HIS MAT]IALI/ CRITICS REALIZ$4 ,POSSIBILITIES -- ?AT IS1 ! ACTUALIZATIONS ( EXI/5TIAL POT5TIALITIES -- >E AS OBJECTIVE AS ! 9H]5CE ( AN OAK TREE 9 AN ACORN4 ,E?ICALLY1 ?IS HI<LY ILLUM9AT+ APPROA* E/ABLI%ES A /&>D ( FULFILLM5T -- AN OBJECTIVE GOOD1 AS IT W]E -- ?AT LIT]ALLY 9=MS ! EXI/5TIAL ) A GOAL ( OBJECTIVE FULFILLM5T1 JU/ AS WE SAY 9 EV]YDAY LIFE ?AT AN 9DIVIDUAL :O DOES NOT 0LIVE UP0 TO HIS OR H] CAPABILITIES IS AN 0UNFULFILL$0 P]SON &1 9 A S5SE1 A LESS ?AN 0REAL0 P]SON4 

.<#g#c.> ,ANTIHUMANI/ 0E?ICI/S0 ACTUALLY TAKE ?IS >GUM5T S]I\SLY1 ,I HAVE BE5 />TL$ TO LE>N4 ,9 BIOC5TRIC E?ICS1 REPORTS ,B]N>D ,DIXON1 NO 0LOGICAL L9E CAN BE DRAWN0 BETWE5 ! CONS]VATION ( :ALES1 G5TIANS1 & FLAM+OES ON ! ONE H& & ! CONS]VATION ( PA?OG5IC MICROBES LIKE ! SMALLPOX VIRUS ON ! O!R1 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ONE ANTIHUMANI/ WAG 7,DAVID ,EHR5FELD71 IS 0AN 5DANG]$ SPECIES40 ,LOGICAL CONSI/5CY REQUIRES ?AT WE TRY TO RESCUE ! SMALLPOX VIRUS ) ! SAME E?ICAL D$ICATION ?AT WE BR+ TO ! SURVIVAL ( :ALES4 ,SEE ,B]N>D ,DIXON1 0,SMALLPOX -- ,IMM95T ,EXT9CTION1 & AN ,UNRESOLV$ ,PROBLEM10 ,NEW ,SCI5TI/1 VOL4 #fi 7#a#i#g#f74 ,= AN ANTIHUMANI/ POSITION ?AT V]GES ON %E] MISAN?ROPY1 SEE ,DAVID ,EHR5FELD1 ,! ,>ROGANCE ( ,HUMANISM 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h74 

.<#g#d.> ,BILL ,DEVALL & ,GEORGE ,SESSIONS1 ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY 7,SALT ,LAKE ,CITY3 ,P]EGR9E ,SMI? ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#e71 P4 #f#g4 

.<#g#e.> ,OR ELSE BY REG>D+ ! HUMAN CONDITION ) UGLY 9DIFF]5CE4 ,MISAN?ROPY1 9DE$ AN 9HUMANITY1 LABEL$ BIOC5TRISM1 0DEEP ECOLOGY10 OR POPULATION CONTROL1 C\LD PROVIDE A BRUTAL M&ATE = HUMAN SUFF]+ & AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE CONTROL4 ,ECOLOGY1 ON !SE T]MS1 ?REAT5S TO BECOME AN IDEOLOGY ?AT IS CRUEL1 NOT %>+ OR COOP]ATIVE4 

.<#g#f.> ,! MORE ONE EXAM9ES ! LIT]ATURE ( BIOC5TRI/S1 ANTIHUMANI/S1 & 0DEEP ECOLOGI/S10 ! MORE ONE S5SES MANIPULATION4 ,!IR APPEALS TO HUMAN FEEL+S LIKE EMPA?Y & ID5TIFICATION >E TRANSLAT$ 9TO 0RI<TS0 ?AT RE/ HEAVILY ON ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANISM4 ,HUMANISM 9VOLVES NOT SIMPLY A CLAIM TO HUMANITY'S 0SUP]IORITY0 OV] ! NONHUMAN WORLD BUT1 SIGNIFICANTLY1 AN APPEAL TO HUMAN REASON & A SOCIAL E?ICS ( COOP]ATION4 ,GREAT SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 UPRIS+S1 & IDEOLOGIES1 NOT TO SPEAK ( SELF-SACRIFIC+ 9DIVIDUALS1 W]E COMMITT$ TO ! A*IEVEM5T ( !SE MONUM5TAL GOALS -- A HI/ORY ?AT IS SIMPLY EFFAC$ FROM MU* ( ! BIOC5TRI/1 ANTIHUMANI/1 & 0DEEP ECOLOGY0 LIT]ATURE4 ,(T51 !IR PLACE IS TAK5 BY A NAGG+ D5IGRATION ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT1 DECORAT$ ) METAPHORS LIFT$ FROM ,EA/]N PHILOSOPHY4 ,SOCIAL ANALYSIS T5DS TO BE M9IMIZ$ & EV5 DEFLECT$ BY A PRIVILEG$ & 9W>D CONC]N ) AB/RACTIONS LIKE 09T]CONNECT$NESS0 & 0ON5ESS0 -- 9 A SOCIETY RIV5 BY G5U9E CONFLICTS BETWE5 RI* & POOR1 PRIVILEG$ & D5I$1 & MAN & WOMAN1 NOT TO SPEAK ( 0DEEP10 0DEEP]10 & ! 0DEEPE/0 ECOLOGI/S4 

.<#g#g.> ,MOREOV]1 DESPITE ?IS T5D5CY TO BIFURCATE OBJECTIVITY & SUBJECTIVITY1 ! TWO DO NOT EXCLUDE EA* O!R4 ,!RE IS ALWAYS A SUBJECTIVE DIM5SION TO OBJECTIVITY1 BUT IT IS PRECISELY ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! TWO ?AT REQUIRES EXPLICATION4 

.<#g#h.> ,MORAL RELATIVISM HAS REC5TLY BE5 ! BRE$+ GR\ND ( A PURELY FUNCTIONAL OR 9/RUM5TAL =M ( RATIONALITY1 :I* 9 MY VIEW IS ONE ( ! GREATE/ IMP$IM5TS TO S]I\S SOCIAL ANALYSIS & A MEAN+FUL E?ICS4 0,SUBJECTIVE REASON10 TO USE ,MAX ,HORKHEIM]'S PHRASE FROM  
,! ,ECLIPSE ( ,REASON1 ON :I* A RELATIVI/IC APPROA* RE/S1 HAS BE5 ONE ( ! MAJOR AFFLICTIONS ( ,ANGLO-,AM]ICAN ?9K+1 NOT M]ELY )9 ! ACADEMY BUT )9 ! G5]AL PUBLIC4 

.<#g#i.> ,PR$ICAT$ AS !IR SELF-REALIZATION IS 9 !IR [N POT5TIALITIES1 HUMAN BE+S NEV]!LESS CANNOT DO AS !Y PLEASE1 DESPITE ! ASS]TIONS ( 0BEAUTIFUL S\LS10 TO USE ,HEGEL'S PHRASE1 :O LIVE 9 AN A]IE ( P]SONAL LIB]ATION & SELF-CONTA9$ 0AUTONOMY40 ,H]E1 ,M>X WAS A GOOD DEAL AHEAD ( TODAY'S 9DIVIDUALI/IC AN>*I/S :O HAVE A BAD HABIT ( DISRUPT+ S]I\S ATTEMPTS AT ORGANIZATION & !ORETICAL 9QUIRY ) SIMPLI/IC CRIES ( 0,FRE$OM N[60 

.<#h.> ,NO?+ IS EASI]1 MORE MY/IFY+1 & MORE SMUG !SE DAYS ?AN TO ADVANCE SWEEP+1 AHI/ORICAL G5]ALIZATIONS AB\T FIGURES LIKE ,HEGEL1 ,M>X1 & ,L594 ,IT IS EVID5CE ( ! UGLY 9TELLECTUAL DEGRADATION ( \R TIME ?AT PEOPLE :O %\LD KN[ BETT] MAKE !M SO FLIPPANTLY4 ,ONE MI<T AS WELL CLAIM ?AT ,/AL9'S TOTALIT>IANISM HAD ITS ROOTS 9 ,MA*IAVELLI'S SO-CALL$ 0,ATLANTIC ,REPUBLICAN ,TRADITION0 S9CE ! LATT] WAS ! AU?OR ( ,! ,PR9CE2 OR 9 ,PLATO1 AS ,K>L ,POPP] SO NOTORI\SLY DID4 ,YET ,HEGEL W\LD UND\BT$LY HAVE RESOLUTELY OPPOS$ ,M>X'S VIEW ( ! DIALECTIC2 ,M>X MI<T V]Y WELL HAVE DIS[N$ ,L591 AS ! ,M>XI/ ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ! C\NCIL COMMUNI/S ,GORT] & ,PANNEKOEK DID2 & ,/AL9 W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE IMPRISON$ ,L591 AS ,L59'S WID[ BITT]LY REPROA*$ ,TROTSKY 9 #a#i#b#e1 AFT] ! =M] ,R$ ,>MY COMM&] BELAT$LY BEGAN TO ATTACK ,/AL94 

.<#h#a.> ,MANY ( !SE =M] ,M>XI/S 7P>TICUL>LY 0,NEW ,LEFT0 /UD5TS & !IR PR(ESSORS7 POLLUT$ ! SIXTIES ) !IR PET DOGMAS1 ONLY TO 0GR[ UP0 AFT] !Y HAD 0HAD !IR FUN0 7TO REPHRASE A CYNICAL EXPRESSION ( MANY ,P>ISIAN VET]ANS ( #a#i#f#h7 & >E N[ POLLUT+ ! N9ETIES ) SKEPTICISM1 NIHILISM1 & SUBJECTIVISM4 ,! MO/ S]I\S OB/ACLES TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN AU!NTIC ,NEW ,LEFT TODAY >E ! ,ALA9 ,T\RA9ES1 ,&R,G,B,P ,GORZES1 & ,MI*AEL ,WALZ]S :O HAVE RALLI$ V>I\SLY TO 0M>KET SOCIALISM10 0M9IMAL /ATISM10 OR PLURALIZ$ CONCEPTS ( JU/ICE & FRE$OM ?AT >E P]FECTLY COMPATIBLE ) MOD]N CAPITALISM4 ,! WOR/ FATE ?AT AN IDEA CAN MEET IS TO BE KEPT >TIFICIALLY ALIVE1 LONG AFT] IT HAS DI$ HI/ORICALLY1 9 ! =M ( GRADUATE C\RSES AT ! ,NEW ,S*OOL = ,SOCIAL ,RESE>* 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 

.<#h#b.> ,IT IS EASY1 :5 CRITICIZ+ SCI5TISM AS AN IDEOLOGY1 TO =GET ! ROLE ?AT ! NATURAL SCI5CES !MSELVES PLAY$ 9 SUBV]T+ BELIEFS 9 WIT*CRAFT & SUP]/ITION1 & 9 FO/]+ A SECUL> & NATURALI/IC APPROA* TO REALITY4 ,I W\LD LIKE TO ?9K ?AT WE NO LONG] BELIEVE 9 ,DRACULA1 OR 9 ! P[] ( ! CRUCIFIX TO F5D (F VAMPIRES1 OR 9 ! OCCULT P[] ( WOM5 TO COMMUNICATE ) DEMONS -- OR DO WE8 

.<#h#c.> ,SEE MY 0,9TRODUCTION3 ,A ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,NATURALISM10 ELSE:]E 9 ?IS BOOK4 

.<#h#d.> ,9DE$1 !RE MAY BE A 0LOGIC TO EV5TS10 BUT IT W\LD BE ! LOGIC ( CONV5TIONAL REASON1 BAS$ ON M]E CAUSE-&-EFFECT & ! PR9CIPLE ( ID5TITY1 ,A EQUALS ,A1 NOT DIALECTICAL REASON4 

.<#h#e.> ,SEE ,JAMES ,MILL]1 ,! ,PASSION ( ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SIMON @& ,S*U/]1 #a#i#i#c74 

.<#h#f.> ,SEE MY =?COM+ BOOK ,RE-,5*ANT+ ,HUMANITY 7,LONDON3 ,CASSELL1 #a#i#i#e71 = A MORE DETAIL$ DISCUSSION ( !SE ISSUES4 

.<#h#g.> ,IRONICALLY1 IT EV5 VITIATES ! MEAN+ ( SOCIAL AN>*ISM AS AN E?ICAL SOCIALISM4 

.<#h#h.> ,I F9D NO SOLACE 9 ! NOTION ?AT PRELIT]ATE PEOPLES 05JOY$0 AN 0AFFLU5T SOCIETY10 AS ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S W\LD HAVE IT4 ,!IR LIVES W]E ALL TOO (T5 %ORT1 !IR CULTURES BURD5$ BY SUP]/ITION & B]EFT ( A SYLLABIC SY/EM ( WRIT+1 & !Y NORMALLY W]E AT W> ) EA* O!R1 TO CITE ONLY !IR MAJOR AFFLICTIONS1 PA/ORAL ,NEW ,AGE IMAGES ( !IR LIVES TO ! CONTR>Y4 

.<#h#i.> ,9DE$1 EV5 NOM9ALI/IC HI/ORIANS :O SEE ,HI/ORY AS A S]IES ( ACCID5TS (T5 TACITLY PRESUPPOSE ! EXI/5CE ( ! 0NONACCID5TAL0 7P]HAPS EV5 ! RATIONAL7 9 A SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 

.<#i.> ,SEE *APT] #aa ( MY ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#h#b2 REPR9T$ BY ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#i#b74 

.<#i#a.> ,I F9D NO VIEW MORE ONE-SID$ & NOXI\S ?AN ,!ODOR ,ADORNO'S DICTUM1 0,NO UNIV]SAL HI/ORY LEADS FROM SAVAG]Y TO HUMANIT>IANISM1 BUT !RE IS ONE LEAD+ FROM ! SL+%OT TO ! MEGATON BOMB40 ,?IS 9FLAT$1 LESS ?AN ?\<T-\T PRON\NCEM5T1 TAK5 TOGE!R ) ,ADORNO'S COMMITM5T TO A NEGATIVITY ?AT REJECT$ SUBLATION 7,AUFHEBUNG71 OR SOCIAL & IDEOLOGICAL ADVANCES1 WAS A /EP T[>D NIHILISM1 9DE$1 AN UGLY DEMONIZATION ( HUMANITY1 ?AT BELI$ HIS AFFIRMATIONS ( REASON4 ,SEE ,NEGATIVE ,DIALECTICS1 TRANS4 ,E4 ,B4 ,A%TON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SEABURY ,PRESS #a#i#g#c71 P4 #c#b4 

.<#i#b.> ,I DELIB]ATELY ES*EW ! WORDS ,TOTALITY & ,SPIRIT TO PRECLUDE ANY SU* SUGGE/ION4 

.<#i#c.> ,! NAME ( ANO!R *APT] 9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM4 

.<#i#d.> ,G4,W4,F4 ,HEGEL1 0,REASON AS ,LAWGIV]10 9 ,PH5OM5OLOGY ( ,SPIRIT1 TRANS4 ,A4 ,V4 ,MILL] 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#g71 PP4 #b#e#b-#e#f4 

.<#i#e.> ,HEGEL = ALL HIS 5TANGLEM5TS ) ! NOTION ( ,GIE/ OR 0,SPIRIT0 & DESPITE HIS CONCEPTION ( A PR$ET]M9$ 0,ABSOLUTE10 AT LEA/ HAD ! GOOD S5SE TO DI/+UI% ! SELF-DEVELOPM5T ( NONHUMAN LIFE-=MS1 = 9/ANCE1 FROM ! SELF-DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 SOCIETY4 ,SEE ,G4,W4,F4 ,HEGEL1 0,9TRODUCTION10 ,LECTURES ON ! ,HI/ORY ( ,PHILOSOPHY1 VOL4 #a1 TRANS4 ,E4 ,S4 ,HALDANE & ,FRANCES ,H4 ,SIMSON 7#a#h#i#b2 ,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE & ,KEGAN ,PAUL1 & ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,HUMANITIES ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#e1 #a#i#f#h71 PP4 #b#b-#b#c4 

.<#i#f.> ,PRES5T-DAY COSMOLOGY & BIOPHYSICS1 H[EV]1 >E COM+ UP AGA9/ PH5OM5A :OSE EXPLANATION REQUIRES ! FLEXIBLE CONCEPTS ( DEVELOPM5T ADVANC$ BY DIALECTICAL NATURALISM4 

.<#i#g.> ,K>L ,M>X1 0,T[>D A ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,LAW3 ,9TRODUCTION10 ,WRIT+S ( ! ,Y\NG ,M>X ON ,PHILOSOPHY & ,SOCIETY1 TRANS4 ,LLOYD ,D4 ,EA/ON & ,KURT ,H4 ,GUDDAT 7,G>D5 ,CITY1 ,N4,Y43 ,D\BL$AY & ,CO41 #a#i#f#g7 P4 #b#e#i4 

.<#i#h.> ,W4 ,T4 ,/ACE'S ,CRITICAL ,HI/ORY ( ,GREEK ,PHILOSOPHY1 = EXAMPLE1 %[S H[ A S]IES ( ANCI5T ,GREEK ?9K]S R\ND$ \T 9CREAS+LY FULL BUT /ILL ONE-SID$ VIEWS TO PRODUCE ! MO/ ADVANC$ DIALECTICAL PHILOSOPHY ( !IR TIME1 P>TICUL>LY ?AT ( ,>I/OTLE4 ,C]TA9LY ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9SI<T 9TO ! DIALECTICAL NATURE ( REALITY DID NOT 5D ) ! ,GREEKS4 ,NOR WILL IT 5D ) ?9K]S 9 \R TIME1 ANY MORE ?AN SCI5CE 5D$ 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 :5 SO MANY PHYSICI/S ?\<T LITTLE MORE C\LD BE ADD$ TO COMPLETE ,NEWTONIAN PHYSICS4 ,9 HIS HI/ORY ( PHILOSOPHY1 ,HEGEL PO9T$ \T NOT ONLY DIFF]5T DEGREES ( DIALECTICAL REASON1 :I* APPROXIMAT$ DIFF]5T DEGREES ( TRU? 7:I* 9 NO WAY MEANS ?AT HE WAS A 0RELATIVI/071 BUT DIFF]5T K9DS ( RATIONALITY -- 0,UND]/&+0 OR ,V]/&1 ( ! COMMONS5SICAL K9D1 & 0,REASON0 OR ,V]NUNFT1 ( ! DIALECTICAL K9D4 

.<#i#i.> ,REC5TLY1 DIALECTICAL NATURALISM HAS BE5 CRITICIZ$ = COMMITT+ ! 0EPI/EMOLOGICAL FALLACY10 9 :I* A PRIORI CONCEPTS BECOME !IR [N CONDITIONS ( VALIDITY1 R5D]+ DIALECTICS AS SU* A SELF-VALIDAT+ SY/EM4 ,?IS1 AS IF DIALECTIC NATURALISM W]E NOT /RUCTUR$ >\ND ! REALITY ( POT5TIALITY & W]E PURELY AN A PRIORI SPECULATIVE =M ( REASON4 ,YET !SE CRITICS !MSELVES USUALLY USE ! K9D ( LOGIC ?AT EMPLOYS ! MO/ A PRIORI1 9DE$ TAUTOLOGICAL ( ALL CONCEPTS1 ! PR9CIPLE ( ID5TITY1 ,A EQUALS ,A1 9 PREF]5CE TO DIALECTICAL REASON4 

.<#a.> ,?IS VIEW IS NOT NEW = ME4 ,9 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 COMPLET$ 9 #aih & PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#h#b1 ,I WAS AT PA9S TO 9DICATE ?AT 0! ,DIALECTIC ( ,5LI<T5M5T IS ACTUALLY NO DIALECTIC AT ALL -- AT LEA/ NOT 9 ITS ATTEMPT TO EXPLA9 ! NEGATION ( REASON ?R\< ITS [N SELF-DEVELOPM5T0 7P4 #b#g#b74 ,MY RESPECT = ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL RE/$ L>GELY ON ITS 9SI<TFUL CRITIQUE ( POSITIVISM1 :I* WAS ! DOM9ANT PHILOSOPHICAL FAD 9 ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES & SOCIAL !ORY 7SO-CALL$ 0SOCIOLOGY07 9 ! #a#i#dS & #a#i#eS1 & ON ITS V>I\S 9SI<TS 9TO ,HEGELIAN PHILOSOPHY4 ,TODAY1 !SE VALUABLE CONTRIBUTIONS >E F> \TWEI<$ BY ! EASE ) :I* ! ,FRANKFURT ,S*OOL'S WORK HAS FO/]$ PO/MOD]N VIEWS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,G]MANY & BY ! EXT5T TO :I* ITS PRODUCTS1 ESPECIALLY ,ADORNO'S WRIT+S1 HAVE BECOME ACADEMIC COMMODITIES4 

.<#a#a.> ,NOR DOES A V]BAL P>ADOX ?AT CONTRA/S SEEM+LY RELAT$ BUT OPPOS+ IDEAS1 OR COLORFUL EXPRESSIONS ( ALT]ITY1 CON/ITUTE A DIALECTIC 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* ,I HAVE DISCUSS$ IT H]E1 H[EV] MU* IT SEEMS TO RESEMBLE =MULATIONS 9 ,HEGEL & ! BE/ ( ,M>X4 ,ADORNO'S PROVOCATIVE 5DEAVORS ( ?IS K9D (T5 TURN \T TO BE LITTLE MORE ?AN ?AT -- PROVOCATIONS4 

.<#a#b.> ,PRES5T$ BY ! ,I,K,D'S ,AUSL&S ,KOMMITEE 7,COMMITTEE ,ABROAD71 ?IS HUGE DOCUM5T LONG PR$AT$ ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE4 ,! IDEAS ?AT IT AD VANC$1 H[EV]1 >E MOOT TODAY4 ,EXTRAPOLAT+ ,HITL]'S SEEM+ W> AIMS ( ! E>LY #a#i#dS -- TO R$UCE 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES TO M]E SATELLITES ( ,G]MAN CAPITAL & TO AGR>IANIZE & DEPOPULATE ! ,EA/ -- TO ! WORLD AT L>GE1 ?IS !ORY ( IMP]IALISM 7& B>B>ISM7 >GU$ ?AT DE9DU/RIALIZATION W\LD BE EXPORT$ TO UNDEVELOP$ C\NTRIES1 & NOT1 AS OLD ,M>XI/ !ORIES ( IMP]IALISM HAD ASSUM$ 9 ! PREW> P]IOD1 CAPITAL4 

.<#a#c.> ,NOR DID WE1 BY ! LATE #a#i#dS1 REG>D ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T -- 9DE$1 0WORK]S' C\NCILS0 OR 0WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY0 -- AS REVOLUTION>Y1 ESPECIALLY ) ! SEQUELAE ( ! GREAT /RIKE MOVEM5TS ( ! LATE #a#i#dS1 :I* DIRECTLY AFFECT$ MY [N LIFE AS A WORK]4 

.<#a#d.> ,! NOTION ( AN 09/9CT = FRE$OM10 T\T$ BY MANY RADICAL !ORI/S1 IS A %E] OXYMORON4 ,! COMPELL+1 9DE$ NECESSIT>IAN *>ACT] ( 9/9CT MAKES IT ! V]Y ANTI!SIS ( FRE$OM1 :OSE LIB]AT+ DIM5SIONS >E GR\ND$ 9 *OICE & SELF-CONSCI\SNESS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,NOTES -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,NOTES -- ,UPDAT$4 

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