,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,EGOISM 

#aie 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JAMES ,L4 ,WALK] 

,TAGS 3 PRES]VATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 EGOI/IC PO9T ( VIEW1 PRES]VATION ( ! SPECIES1 S5SE ( DUTY1 MAN OR WOMAN1 RI<T & WRONG1 PR9CIPLE ( SELF1 FLE% & BLOOD1 PURSUIT ( PLEASURE1 PHILOSOPHY ( EGOISM4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,LEI< ,H>RIES1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,I4  

 ,WE SEEK UND]/&+ ( FACTS = GUIDANCE 9 ACTION1 = AVOIDANCE ( MI/AKE & SUFF]+1 & EV5 = RESIGNATION TO ! 9EVITABLE4  ,?IS /ATEM5T MAY COV] ! *IEF AIMS ( MANK9D 9 9TELLECTUAL DISCUSSION1 IGNOR+ N[ ?AT :I* IS M]ELY A S*OLA/IC EX]CISE4  ,I AM NOT 9 FAVOR ( >GUM5T 9 ! /YLE ( ! DEBAT+ T>NI%$ BY A PRACTICE ( :I* EASILY G5]ATES AN EVIL HABIT1 & !RE >E1 AT LEA/ AS YET1 TOO MANY OCCASION 9 REAL LIFE ON :I* EV]Y P]SON :O LOVES TO TELL ! TRU? & EXPOSE FALSEHOOD MU/ CONSID] TIME & CIRCUM/ANCE LE/ HE IMPALE HIMSELF UPON IMPLACABLE PREJUDICES4  ,CONSEQU5TLY IF DUPLICITY HAVE ITS USES !RE NE$ BE NO FE> ?AT IT WILL NOT BE CULTIVAT$ )\T CONC]T$ EF=TS !RETO AMONG ?OSE :O >E SEEK+ 9TELLECTUAL LI<T4  

 ,I HAVE PLAC$ RESIGNATION LA/1 ?\< IT MAY BE FIR/ 9 IMPORTANCE = SOME 9DIVIDUALS4  ,I TAKE IT ?AT ! LIFE =CES >E /RONG 5\< 9 MO/ ( MY READ]S TO EXUDE 9 PROMPT+S TO ACTION :I* %ALL MOVE ?+S1 9 ! LIB]AL SYMPA?Y :I* W\LD COMMUNICATE TO O!RS ANY DISCOV]ABLE MEANS TO REA* CONDITIONS ( GREAT] H>MONY4  

 ,IS IT NOT A FACT ?AT !RE IS A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( WELL WI%+ & AT ! SAME TIME & 9TRICATE S]IES ( RECIPROCAL 9JURIES PRACTIC$ BY MANK9D1 SU* AS 9 NOT DISCOV]ABLE 9 ANY O!R SPECIES ON E>?8  ,!N1 MAY WE ASK1 :AT >E ! CAUSES ( EVILS 9 SOCIETY1 CAN !Y BE G5]ALIZ$1 & :AT IS ! NATURE OR PR9CIPLE ( AN EFFICI5T REM$Y8  ,IF N[ ! WORDS LAISSEZ FAIRE OCCUR TO ! READ] HE WILL EASILY REMEMB] ?AT ALL ANIMALS EXCEPT MAN PRACTICE ACCORD+ TO ?AT PR9CIPLE4  ,DO WE HE> ( FANATICISM AMONG !M1 ( FI<T+ )9 ! SPECIES EXCEPT 9 DEF5SE ( !IR P]SONS & PROP]TY OR ON A MATT] ( RIVALRY BETWE5 ! MALES8  ,BUT :AT DO WE READ 9 ! HI/ORY ( MANK9D EXCEPT WOES1 W>S1 P]SECUTIONS & CATA/ROPHES BEGG>+ DESCRIPTION1 & ALL RELAT$ 9 SOME WAY TO ! DET]M9ATION ( MANK9D TO 9T]F]E ) EA* O!RS' ACTIONS1 ?\<TS & FEEL+S = ! PURPOSE ( MAK+ PEOPLE ?+ BETT] & BEHAVE BETT] AS CONCEIV$8  

 ,! !OLOGICAL ,LIB]AL IS NEV] TIR$ ( AFFIRM+ ?AT ! GREATE/ CRUELTIES HAVE BE5 P]PETRAT$ BY BIGOTS ACTION S9C]ELY = RELIGI\S RI<T AS !Y UND]/OOD IT2 YET AMONG ! !OLOGICAL ,LIB]ALS MAY BE F\ND PROHIBITIONI/S & TAXATIONI/S MANIFE/+ A HOLY HORROR ( A MAN OR WOMAN :O SIMPLY WANTS TO BE LET ALONE :ILE HE OR %E LETS O!RS ALONE1 & :O REFUSES TO JO9 9 ANY S*EME OR CO]CION4  ,!Y 9SI/ ?AT HE CANNOT 5JOY SU* LIB]TY )\T DETRIM5T TO SOCIETY1 & !IR IRE RISES ON ?9K+ ?AT HE IS 9S5SIBLE TO A MORAL PR9CIPLE1 AS !Y VIEW ! MATT]4  ,!Y >E BIGOTS UNKN[+4  

 ,BUT >E !RE SU* PEOPLE AS ,I HAVE ALLUD$ TO1 :O PRACTICE ! RULE LAISSEZ FAIRE8 ,C]TA9LY !RE >E4 7,!SE WORDS >E ,FR5* & MEAN 0,LET !M DO10 OR 0,LET O!R PEOPLE ALONE AS F> AS Y\ CAN407  ,PROP]LY UND]/OOD & C>RI$ \T 9 POLITICAL SCI5CE1 AS BY ,PR\DHON1 A RATIONAL SY/EM ( ,AN>*Y IS EVOLV$ FROM ! MOTTO4  ,AN>*Y 9 ITS /RICT & PROP] PHILOSOPHICAL S5SE MEANS 0NO TYRANNY10--! REGULATION ( BUS9ESS ALTOGE!R BY VOLUNT>Y & MUTUAL CONTRACT4  

 ,) SOME READ]S ! P]CEPTION ( !SE RELATIONS AS REG>DS RELIGI\S BELIEF & POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS & ?IS COMP>ISON ( HUMAN 9TOL]ANCE ) ! BETT] HABIT ( O!R SPECIES1 TO M9D !IR [N BUS9ESS1 WILL HAVE SUGGE/$ ! FUNDAM5TAL ?\<T TO :I* ,I AM COM+4  ,WE >E DIGG+ N[ = BOTTOM FACTS2 NOT TRY+ TO 9V5T ANY >TIFICIAL RULE1 BUT TO F9D ! :OLESOME REALITY 9 NATURE IF !RE BE ANY GOOD !RE = US1 & TO F9D ! MA9SPR+ ( NORMAL ACTION AT ALL EV5TS1 LEAV+ = AFT] DISCUSSION IF ADVISABLE :E!R OR NOT ANY >TIFICIAL SUB/ITUTE BE POSSIBLE OR COMM5DABLE4  

 ,N[ IT IS NOT MY PURPOSE TO SUGGE/ ?AT M5 %\LD PATT]N AFT] ANY O!R SPECIES ( ANIMAL4  ,WE F9D ! O!R ANIMALS ACT+ NATURALLY1 SEEK+ !IR [N GOOD1 GO+ EA* HIS [N WAY & LETT+ EA* O!R ALONE EXCEPT UND] C]TA9 CONDITIONS :I* HAVE CAUS$ A MOM5T>Y CONFLICT ( 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S4  ,WE F9D HUMAN LIFE FULL ( >TIFICIALITY1 P]V]SION & MIS]Y1 MU* ( :I* CAN BE DIRECTLY TRAC$ TO 9T]F]5CE1 ! WOR/ ( ?IS 9T]F]5CE HAV+ NO *ANCE ( P]PETUATION EXCEPT ?R\< A C]TA9 BELIEF 9 ITS SOCIAL NECESSITY1 :I* BELIEF >ISES FROM OR IS 9T]LAC$ ) BELIEFS AS TO DETAILS ( CONDUCT1 SU* = EXAMPLE AS ?AT ! PROPAGATION ( ! HUMAN SPECIES W\LD NOT OCCUR 9 GOOD =M UNLESS (FICIALLY SUP]VIS$1 & SO =?4 ,DRAW+ SU* COMP>ISONS ! CONCLUSION APPE>S ?AT MAN NE$S TO BECOME NATURAL1 NOT 9 ! S5SE ( AB&ON+ ! >TS & MAT]IAL COM=TS ( LIFE1 BUT 9 ! TREATM5T ( 9DIVIDUALS ( ! SPECIES BY O!RS & 9 !IR COLLECTIVE ACTION4  

 ,I MAY H]E ANTICIPATE AN OBJECTION4  ,SOMEONE WILL ASK :E!R ,I PRET5D ?AT ,EGOISM MEANS ! SAME AS LAISSEZ FAIRE4  ,TO ?IS ,I SAY NO1 BUT ! PREVAL5CE ( ,EGOISM WILL R$UCE 9T]F]5CE1 EV5 BY ! IGNORANT1 TO ! DIM5SIONS ( !IR MORE UND5IABLE 9T]E/ 9 O!RS' AFFAIRS1 ELIM9AT+ EV]Y MOTIVE ( A FANATICAL *>ACT]4  ,9VASIVE DEVELOPM5TS ( ,EGOISM1 NO LONG] RE9=C$ BY ! /R5G? ( ! MULTITUDE UND] A SPELL ( P]SONAL MAGNETISM1 WILL PROBABLY NOT BE V]Y H>D TO DEAL )2 !N = WANT ( SUCCESS SU* DEVELOPM5TS WILL BE ATT5UAT$ OR AB&ON$ )9 ! SPECIES4  ,?US ,EGOISM IS DEMON/RABLY ! SE$-B$ ( ! POLICY & HABIT ( G5]AL TOL]ANCE4  ,& IF VIGILANCE BE ! PRICE ( LIB]TY1 :O WILL D5Y ?AT ! T5D5CY1 )9 ,EGOI/IC LIMITS1 TO VAPORIZ+1 NON-,EGOI/IC PHILOSOPH]S W\LD PLACE TOL]ANCE UPON A CL\D-BANK F\NDATION ( S5TIM5T & ATTEMPT TO RECOMP5SE ) F9E WORDS ( PRAISE ! M5 :O CAN BE P]SUAD$ TO =GO ANY ADVANTAGE :I* !Y MI<T TAKE ( O!RS4  ,LIKE ! PREA*]S :O PICTURE ! PLEASURE ( S9 & URGE PEOPLE TO REFRA9 FROM IT1 !IR ATTEMPTS >E 9EVITABLY FUTILE4  

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 ,IT IS N[ TIME TO MEET ! DEM& = DEF9ITION ( ,EGOISM4  ,! DICTION>IES MU/ BE RESORT$ TO = EXPLANATIONS ( ! MEAN+S ( MO/ WORDS1 BUT 9 ANY SCI5CE1 >T OR PHILOSOPHY !RE >E SOME LEAD+ T]MS UND]/OOD 9 A MORE PRECISE MANN] ?AN ?AT G5]AL NOTION OR MASS ( NE>LY RELAT$ SIGNIFICATIONS GIV5 9 ! DICTION>Y UND] ONE T]M4  ,! DICTION>Y IS LIKE A MAP ( ! WORLD1 :I* %[S :]E A C\NTRY IS ) RELATION TO ALL O!R C\NTRIES4  ,! DEF9ITION ( ! DICTION>Y IS SIMPLY OBJECTIVE1 NOT CLOSELY ANALYTICAL4  ,ITS LANGUAGE IS POPUL>1 AS 9 ! SPEAK+ ( BLACK & :ITE AS COLORS4  ,ALL ?IS IS WELL 5\<4  ,PEOPLE NE$ 9=MATION :I* WILL BE TRUE TO APPE>ANCES1 = PRACTICAL PURPOSES1 & NE$ SO WIDE AN EXT5T ( ?IS 9 A MOD]ATE COMPASS1 ?AT !Y >E GLAD TO GET BRIEF EXPLANATIONS OR EV5 H9TS AT MEAN+S1 PREP>$ BY M5 SKILL$ 9 CLASSIFY+ L+UI/IC GR[?S4  ,H5CE1 H[EV]1 !Y SOMETIMES F9D ! POPUL> DEF9ITIONS AS GOOD BUT NOT BETT] ?AN TO DEF9E *EESE AS COND5S$ MILK4 ,! SO-CALL$ SYNONYMS HAVE DIFF]5T %ADES ( MEAN+1 BUT DISPUTANTS EASILY YIELD TO ! TEMPTATION TO ASSUME AN ID5TICAL IMPORT 9 TWO T]MS1 AN EVIL CONNOTATION :I* ADH]ES TO ! O!R2 & CONV]SELY ! HE>] IS USUALLY ABLE TO UND]/& IMM$IATELY :E!R ! SPEAK]1 IF S9C]E1 IS FRI5DLY OR HO/ILE T[>DS AN OBJECT1 M]ELY BY NOT+ ! T]MS *OS5 9 ALLUD+ TO ITS EXI/5CE4  ,WE R>ELY F9D MANY S5T5CES TOGE!R )\T A MORAL JUDGM5T BE+ CONVEY$4  ,SU* JUDGM5TS1 FROM AN ,EGOI/IC PO9T ( VIEW1 C\LD BE ILLU/RAT$ BY REPRES5T+ A BEGG> EXTOLL+ *>ITY4  

 ,! DEF9ITION ( ! SPECIALI/1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS LIKE A MAP :I* %[S ! B\ND>Y BETWE5 TWO C\NTRIES1 BUT DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO %[ ANY?+ ELSE4  ,TO ! NAVIGATOR L& IS ?AT B5EA? HIS VESSEL :I* IS NOT WAT]4  ,TO ! POLITICAL ECONOMI/ A LAKE & A B$ ( COAL >E EQUALLY L&4  ,! TWO SPECIALI/S >E CONC]N$ ) TWO DIFF]5T S]IES ( IDEAS1 !RE=E ) DIFF]5T ASPECTS ( ! OBJECT4  

 ,! BE/ ?AT CAN BE SAID ( ,WEB/]'S DICTION>Y DEF9ITION ( ,EGOISM1 IS ?AT A READ] :O ALREADY UND]/&S ! T]M AS IT HAS BE5 US$ 9 PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY = MORE ?AN =TY YE>S1 MAY B>ELY RECOGNIZE ! IDEA AS ONE ESPIES A DIAMOND 9 A DU/ HEAP4  0,! HABIT ( 4 4 4 4 JUDG+ ( EV]Y?+ BY ITS RELATION TO ONE'S 9T]E/S OR IMPORTANCE10 IS ,WEB/]'S NE>E/ APPROA*4  ,9 :AT S5SE CAN ! 9DIVIDUAL & HIS 9T]E/S BE O!R ?AN ALL-IMPORTANT TO ! 9DIVIDUAL8  ,ONLY 9 ! S5SE ?AT1 9 ORD] TO REJECT ,EGOISM1 HIS 9T]E/S >E NOT TO BE UND]/OOD AS 9CLUD+ HIS 9TELLECTUAL & S5TIM5TAL 9T]E/S 9 OBJECTS1 9CLUD+ O!R P]SONS4  ,BUT ! ,EGOI/ WILL TAKE ! LIB]TY TO 9QUIRE H[ ANYONE CAN BE 5GAG$ 9 JUDG+ ( ANY?+ )\T HAV+ TAK5 AN 9T]E/ 9 IT4  ,LET US ASSUME ?AT A NEW DICTION>Y MAK] 9S]TS 9 HIS WORK A P>AGRAPH LIKE ?IS3  

 ,E,G,O,I,S,M1 N4  ,! PR9CIPLE ( SELF2 ! DOCTR9E ( 9DIVIDUALITY2 SELF-9T]E/2 SELFI%NESS4  

 ,!N ,I %ALL COMM5T BY SAY+ ?AT 0! DOCTR9E ( 9DIVIDUALITY0 IS A HAPPI] EXPRESSION ?AN ! S+LE WORD 9DIVIDUALITY1 = ! LATT] IS COMMONLY US$ TO CONVEY ! IDEA ( DI/9CTIVE1 M>K$ PECULI>ITIES ( *>ACT]4  ,SELF-9T]E/ IS USUALLY RE/RICT$ TO PECUNI>Y 9T]E/ & ! LIKE1 IGNOR+ :AT IS RECIPROCAL 9 ! PLEASURES ( COMPANION%IP & :AT AF=DS 9TELLECTUAL SATISFACTION4  ,SELFI%NESS IS COMMONLY US$ TO 9DICATE SELF-GRATIFICATION ,I DISREG>D ( ! FEEL+S ( O!RS4  ,ALL !SE WORDS 9DICATE ,EGOISM1 BUT !Y 9DICATE IT ) SPECIAL DET]M9ATIONS4  ,9 ! WORD SELFI% TO T]M9ATION >RE/S ATT5TION4  ,IT IS G5]ALLY DISP>AG+2 EI!R CONNECT$ ) BAD WORDS OR IT GIVES !M A CONTEMPTU\S %ADE CONNECT$ ) BAD WORDS OR IT GIVES !M A CONTEMPTU\S %ADE ( MEAN+1 AS KNAVI%1 ?IEVI%1 FOOLI%1 MAWKI%1 BOOKI%1 MONKI%1 POPI%4  ,H5CE :5 A MAN ACTS 9 C]TA9 WAYS CAUS+ DISGU/ ,I O!R PEOPLE !Y DECL>E HIS ACTIONS SELFI%1 --NOT M]ELY A MANIFE/ATION ( SELF1 BUT ONE :I* !Y PURPOSE CA/IGAT+ BY ADD+ ! T]M9ATION EXPRESSIVE ( AV]SION & CONTEMPT4  ,! L+UI/IC 9/9CT APPE>S CORRECT TO ?IS EXT5T1 H[EV] 9CORRECT MAY BE ! POPUL> JUDGM5T REG>D+ C]TA9 ACTIONS :I* >E ?US /IGMATIZ$4  ,= :AT ( ?IS ?\<T SOME WRIT]S HAVE LAID ! :OLE POPUL> JUDGM5T1 EXPRESS$ 9 ! REPROA* ( SELFI%NESS1 TO ! ACC\NT ( OPPOSITION TO ! PR9CIPLE ( SELF4  ,!RE IS C]TA9LY A GREAT DEAL ( ?AT4  ,IT IS SELFISM1 ( C\RSE1 :I* PROTE/S1 & SELFI%NESS :I* PROTE/S MORE AGA9/ SELFI%NESS ( O!RS & AGA9/ ! PR9CIPLE ( SELF 9 O!RS4  ,SELFI%NESS >GUES ?AT ITS PA/URE WILL BE GRE5] & RI*] 9 PROPORTION AS O!RS YIELD 9 P>TICUL> DESIRES TO ! PREA*+ ( UNSELFI%NESS & SELF-ABNEGATION1 H[EV]1 9 ITS FELL S5SE1 IS EVID5TLY 9SANITY1 :ILE UNSELFI%NESS MAY BE ONLY SELFISM )\T ANY FEATURE :I* CAN BE CALCULAT$ TO >\SE ! ANTIPA?Y ( O!R 9DIVIDUALS 7?AT IS1 ! UNI%NESS ( ! SELF74  ,?IS A NEW ANALYSIS & ,I DO NOT PRET5D ?AT US]S ( ! WORD UNSELFI% >E G5]ALLY CONSCI\S ( ANY =CE 9 ! T]M9ATION1 TO :I* ! PRIVATE PREFIX MAY APPLY1 BUT ,I REF] TO ,WEB/]'S DEF9ITIONS ( SELFI%NESS & SELF-LOVE RESPECTIVELY = SUPPORT AS TO ! USAGE4  

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  ,EGOISM IS 7#a7 ! !ORY ( WILL AS REACTION ( ! SELF TO A MOTIVE2 7#b7 EV]Y SU* REACTION 9 FACT4  ,?IS D\BLE DEF9ITION IS 9 ACCORD ) ! USUAL LATITUDE DUE TO ! IMP]FECTION ( LANGUAGE1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( :I* AN ID5TICAL T]M COV]S !ORY1 9DIVIDUAL FACT & MASS ( FACTS4  ,I APPREH5D ?AT 9 MAK+ ?IS FUNDAM5TAL DEF9ITION ,I %ALL HAVE PROVOK$ ! DISS5T ( SOME READ]S WELL 5\< GR\ND$ 9 M5TAL PHILOSOPHY TO P]CEIVE ?AT ON ACCEPT+ ! DEF9ITION !Y MU/ SPE$ILY CONSIGN ANY CLAIM = AN UNEGOTI/IC PHILOSOPHY TO ! REALM ( M5TAL VAG>IES4  ,!Y WILL ACCUSE ME ( BEGG+ A QUE/ION 9 ! DEF9ITION2 BUT ,I CANNOT WI% TO LAY D[N A DEF9ITION LESS FUNDAM5TAL ?AN ?AT :I* WILL BE F\ND SUFFICI5TLY COMPREH5SIVE & EXACT 9 EV]Y RELATION ( RATIONAL MOTIVE & RESULT+ VOLITION & ACTION4  ,:5 ,I %ALL HAVE DONE JU/ICE TO 0,ALTRUISM0 IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT !RE IS H]E NO BEGG+ ( ANY QUE/ION4  ,! ALT]NATIVES :I* ! 0,ALTRUI/S0 PROPOSE MAY ACCORD ) SU* ( !IR [N CONCEPTIONS AS !Y WI% TO T]M 0,EGOISM10 ) :I*1 H[EV]1 ,I HAVE NO COMPLICITY4  

 ,BY 0MOTIVE0 ,I MEAN ANY 9FLU5CE1 --SI<T1 S\ND1 PRESSURE1 ?\<T OR O!R 5]GY1 --OP]AT+ UPON ! SELF1 & !REBY CAUS+ A *ANGE 9 SELF1 UND] :I* PROCESS IT REACTS TO SEIZE :AT CONTRIBUTES TO ITS SATISFACTION OR TO REPEL OR ESCAPE FROM :AT PRODUCES OR ?REAT5S ITS DISCOM=T OR UNDESIR$ DE/RUCTION4  

 ,IF MY DEF9ITION BE IMP]FECT1 ! GAP IS 9 OMITT+ TO M5TION REFLEX ACTION TOGE!R ) WILL4  ,I REG>D REFLEX ACTION AS PROBABLY CONNECT$ ) A SPECIES ( WILL 9 ! N]VE C5T]S 7& 9 O!R PLA/IC MATT] 9 ! L[E/ ANIMALS74  ,H[EV] ?IS MAY BE1 REFLEX ACTIONS >E NOT SUBJECT TO S]I\S DISPUTE 9 ANY SPECULATIVE MORAL ASPECT4  ,! OMISSION1 !RE=E1 IF ANY1 W\LD CONC]N ! EXHAU/IV5ESS ( ! DEF9ITION1 NOT ITS QUALITY4  ,BUT ! M]IT ( A DEF9ITION IS NOT 9 ITS EXHAU/IV5ESS2 IT IS 9 DRAW+ ! L9E AT ! RI<T PLACE4  ,AS ,I DO NOT PURPOSE FUR!R DEF9+ 0WILL10 ,I WILL JU/ SAY ?AT REMA9S TO BE DONE 9 ORD] TO UNIV]SALIZE1 ACCORD+ TO !SE VIEWS1 ! RECOGNITION ( ! ,EGOI/IC !ORY1 IS TO E/ABLI% ALL DET]M9ATIONS TO VOLUNT>Y ACTIVITY AS REACTIONS1 PLUS CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! BRA91 LIKE REFLEX ACTIONS )\T IT4  ,ANY CONTROV]SY AGA9/ ! ,EGOI/ !ORY WILL RANGE ALONG ! L9E ( VOLUNT>Y ACTION2 H5CE ?AT P>T ( ! L9E ( ,EGOISM IS ALL ?AT IS ESS5TIAL TO BE PUT 9TO A DEF9ITION4  ,BUT IF ,I HAVE OMITT$ REFLEX ACTION 9 7#a7 ! !ORY1 ,I HAVE NOT IGNOR$ IT 9 7#b7 0SU* REACTIONS 9 FACT0 = 0SU*0 REF]S TO ! SELF4 ,CONSULT+ CONV5I5CE1 ,I HAVE WRITT5 0! SELF0 :E!R MEAN+ APP>5TLY ! :OLE CO-ORD5AT$ 5]GIES ( ! SELF OR ! ATTRACT+ & REPELL+ ( ANY ORGAN OR MEMB] !RE(4  ,PROBABLY NEV] W]E ! :OLE 5]GIES ( ANY ANIMAL EX]T$ AT ONCE UND] ! /IMULUS ( ANY MOTIVE OR COMB9ATION ( MOTIVES2 H5CE ! COMMON EXPRESSION IS AN EXAGG]ATION4  

 ,A C\RSE ( READ+ 9 HI/ORY1 PHILOSOPHY & SCI5CE1 ESPECIALLY /&>D LIT]ATURE ON EVOLUTION1 TOGE!R ) P]SONAL OBS]VATION ( ANIMAL1 9CLUD+ HUMAN LIFE1 WILL GRADUALLY CONV9CE ANY 9TELLIG5T P]SON ?AT ALL VOLUNT>Y ACTS1 9CLUD+ A C]TA9 CLASS ( ACTS POPUL> BUT ]RONE\SLY CALL$ NON-VOLUNT>Y1 >E CAUS$ BY MOTIVES ACT+ UPON ! FEEL+ & REASON ( ! ,EGO1 & ?AT ! REACTION ( ! ,EGO TO A MOTIVE OCCURS AS SURELY ACCORD+ TO ! ,EGO'S COMPOSITION & ! MOTIVE AS DOES ANY *EMICAL REACTION2 ?AT ! ONLY DIFFICULTY = \R UND]/&+ IS 9 ! COMPLEXITY ( MOTIVE 9FLU5CE 7MOTIVES7 & COMPOSITION ( ! SUBJECT ACT$ UPON4  ,TO AVOID ?IS CONCLUSION ! DOGMATI/S HAVE SPOK5 ( MOTIVE AS IF IT W]E SOME?+ SELF-ORIG9AT+ 9 ! ?\<TS4  ,PLA9LY1 MOTIVE IS ANY 9FLU5CE :I* CAUSES MOVEM5T4  ,!RE MU/ BE A CAUSE = EV]Y ?\<T AS WELL AS EV]Y S5SATION4  ,?AT CAUSE MU/ AFFECT ! ,EGO1 & ! ,EGO CANNOT BUT REACT IF AFFECT$1 -- !RE=E ACCORD+ TO ! *>ACT] ( ! MOTIVE & ! MANN] & DEGREE 9 :I* ! ,EGO IS AFFECT$ 9 ANY ( ITS P>TS1 O!RWISE !RE W\LD BE NO NATURE1 NO CONT9UITY ( PH5OM5A4  ,9 %ORT1 MAN 9 EV]Y?+ IS )9 ! DOMA9 ( NATURE2 ?AT1 ! REGUL> SUCCESSION ( APP>5TLY SELF-CORRELAT+ PH5OM5A4  

 ,A MOTIVE PLANT$ 9 ! ,EGO 7?AT IS TO SAY 9 ! SELF7 MAY BE COMP>$ TO A SE$ PLANT$ 9 ! GR\ND4  ,ASSUM+ ?AT IT G]M9ATES1 ! COMMONLY OBS]V$ EFFECT IS AN UPW>D GR[? ( /ALK & FRUIT1 ANALOG\S TO VOLUNT>Y ACTION2 BUT ,I HAVE DEF9$ ,EGOISM BY REF]5CE TO ! SPR+ ( SU* ACTION RA!R ?AN BY REF]5CE TO ! ACTION AS PH5OM5ON1 = A REASON :I* WILL BE UND]/OOD BY FOLL[+ \T ! ANALOGY4 ,BESIDES ! UPW>D GR[? !RE IS A =MATION ( ROOT4  ,! /ALK ( SOME PLANTS MAY BE REPEAT$LY CUT (F1 BUT :ILE ! ROOT IS ALIVE !RE IS ! PROBABILITY ( ANO!R UPW>D GR[?4  ,?IS IS MO/ G5]ALLY ! CASE ) Y\NG PLANTS4  ,?\< M5TAL ANALYSIS %\LD R$UCE WILL TO A M]E AB/RACT T]M ( CONV5I5CE = AN IMAG9>Y L9K BETWE5 MOTIVE & ACT1 & :E!R OR NOT VOLITION BECOMES DIFF]5TIAT$ TO BE> A MORE PRECISE & ACTIVE S5SE1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO HAVE A CONCEPTION CORRELAT+ R5EW$ ACTIVITIES ) =M] ONES1 AS P]CEIV$ 9 REPETITION ( 9 S]IES1 )\T ! PLANT+ ( NEW SE$4 ,?IS IS F\ND NOT 9 ! SIMPLE & FAMILI> ILLU/RATION ( SE$ LY+ )\T G]M9AT+ = SOME TIME1 BUT 9 ! 9VISIBLE GR[? B5EA? ! SURFACE1 SUPPLY+ 5]GY & DET]M9ATION TO =MS :I* REPEAT$LY APPE> & !N TAKE V>I\S DIRECTIONS ACCORD+LY AS !Y 5C\NT] OB/ACLES4  

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 ,BESIDES 9DIVIDUALS WE 5C\NT] GR\PS V>I\SLY CEM5T$ TOGE!R BY CONTROLL+ IDEAS2 SU* GR\PS >E FAMILIES1 TRIBES1 /ATES & *UR*ES4  ,! MORE NE>LY A GR\P APPROA*ES ! CONDITION ( BE+ HELD TOGE!R BY ! 9T]E/ ( ITS MEMB]S )\T CON/RA9T ( ONE EX]CIS$ OV] O!R MEMB]S1 ! MORE NE>LY DOES ! GR\P APPROXIMATE TO ! *>ACT] ( AN ,EGO1 9 ITSELF4  ,OBS]VATION & REFLECTION %[ ?AT ! GR\P1 OR COLLECTIVITY1 NEV] YET COMPOS$ :OLLY ( 5LI<T5$ 9DIVIDUALS JO9+ & ADH]+ 9 ! GR\P ?R\< 9DIVIDUAL ACCORD1 HAS ALWAYS FALL5 %ORT ( ! APPROXIMATION :I* IS CONCEIVABLE = ! GR\P TO ! 9DEP5D5T ,EGOI/IC *>ACT]4 ,! FAMILY1 TRIBE1 /ATE & *UR* >E ALL DOM9AT$ PHYSICALLY OR M5TALLY BY SOME 9DIVIDUALS !RE94  ,!SE GR\PS1 SU* AS !Y HAVE BE5 KN[N 9 ALL HI/ORY1 NEV] C\LD HAVE EXI/$ ) ! DISPROPORTIONATE P[]S & 9FLU5CE ( !IR MEMB]S BUT = PREVAIL+ BELIEFS R$UCIBLE TO IGNORANCE1 AWE & SUBMISSION 9 ! MASS ( ! MEMB]S4  

,) ?IS EXPLORATION & CORRESPOND+ ALL[ANCE1 ! GR\P MAY BE SPOK5 ( AS APPROXIMATELY ,EGOI/IC 9 ITS *>ACT]4  ,EV5 :5 LEA/ SWAY$ BY 9DIVIDUAL MEMB]S1 ! FAMILY1 ! NATION & ! *UR* >E ?OR\<LY SELFY4  ,!SE COMPOSITE 9DIVIDUALITIES1 AS IT IS ! FANCY ( SOME WRIT]S TO CONSID] !M1 >E APPEAL$ TO 9 VA9 TO FURNI% AN EXCEPTION TO ! ,EGOI/IC PR9CIPLE4  ,:5 ,JACK IMPOSES UPON ! IGNORANCE ( ,JILL OR UPON HABITS ACQUIR$ DUR+ MUTUAL AID1 & ,JILL IS TOO TRU/+ TO TRACE ! TRANSACTION BACK TO FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5TS & CALCULATIONS ( MUTUAL B5EFIT1 ! MATT] IS READILY LAID TO ,JACK'S SELFI%NESS1 :I* ( C\RSE LAUDS ITS VICTIM'S WELCOME COMPLIANCE2 BUT :5 ! FAMILY DEM&S A HEAVY SACRIFICE ( EA* MEMB]1 ATT5TION IS MO/LY DRAWN BY ,MORALI/S TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! FAMILY & ! NE$ ( SU* SACRIFICES1 NEV] TO ! PH5OM5ON ( A RU?LESS =M ( ,EGOISM 9 ! FAMILY1 IMPOS+ UPON ITS MEMB]S :O HAVE FELT SOME ( ! ADVANTAGES & !N YIELD TO PRET5SIONS :I* WILL NOT BE> ANALYSIS1 OR TRAC+ BACK 9 AN ACTUAL ACC\NT ( LOSS & GA94  ,?US IT IS SAID TO ! MAN ?AT HE NE$S A WIFE1 TO ! WOMAN ?AT %E NE$S A HUSB&1 & TO ! *ILDR5 ?AT !Y NE$$ P>5TS & WILL NE$ OB$I5CE FROM !IR [N *ILDR5 BY & BY4  ,ON ! /R5G? ( !SE VIEWS V>I\S SACRIFICES ( ! HAPP9ESS ( MAN1 WOMAN & Y\? MAY BE EFFECT$ :ILE !Y DO NOT 9QUIRE PRECISELY :AT !Y DO NE$ 9DIVIDUALLY & H[ !Y CAN GET IT AT LEA/ CO/ ( UNHAPP9ESS4  

,! FAMILY1 ATTEMPT+ TO BECOME AN ,EGO1 TREATS ITS MEMB]S AS AN ,EGO NATURALLY TREATS AVAILABLE ORGANIC OR 9ORGANIC MATT]4  ,! SUP9E BECOME RAW MAT]IAL4  ,! P]SON HAS ! P[] TO RESIGN SELF-C>E & ALL[ HIMSELF TO BE SEIZ$ UPON & WORK UP AS MAT]IAL BY ANY ( ! O!R REAL OR W\LD-BE ,EGOS ?AT >E 9 QUE/ ( NUTRIM5T & ( BASES ( OP]ATION4   ,! GREAT] W\LD-BE ,EGO1 ! 0SOCIAL ORGANISM10 RE9=CES ! FAMILY DEM& ) P]SUASION ?AT HESITATES AT NO FALLACY1 BUT FIR/ PLIES ! 9DIVIDUAL ) SOME G5]AL LOGIC AS TO \R NE$ ( EA* O!R !N ) FLATT]Y1 H[ IT WILL REPAY HIM = 9CONV5I5CE BY PRAISE1 EXT]NAL & 9T]NAL1 ALL ! :ILE EX]T+ A MORAL T]RORISM OV] EV]Y M9D WEAK 5\< TO ALL[ IT1 & ALL TO SUBJUGATE ! REAL ,EGO TO ! COMPLEX W\LD-BE BUT IMPOSSIBLE ,EGO4  ,= NOT ! GOOD ( ! FAMILY1 BUT ( ITSELF1 IS ! OBJECT ( ! /ATE & ( ! 0SOCIAL ORGANISM40  ,! /ATE PRATES ( ! SACR$NESS ( ! FAMILY1 BUT TREATS IT ) SCANT C\RTESY :5 ITS [N 9T]E/ CONFLICTS ) ! FAMILY 9T]E/4  ,! 0SOCIAL ORGANISM0 RE9=CES ! FAMILY AGA9/ ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! /ATE AGA9/ ! FAMILY1 ?IS ALREADY ?REAT5+ ! FAMILY1 & OBVI\SLY IT WILL NEXT ?REAT5 ! /ATE SO F> AS ?IS CAN BE DI/+UI%$ = ! COMMUNITY2 ?AT IS1 ! 0SOCIAL ORGANISM0 WILL HAVE NO P]MAN5T USE = SEP>ATE NATIONS4 

 ,BUT 9 SPEAK+ ?US WE %\LD NOT =GET ?AT ! GR\P1 OR COLLECTIVITY1 REFLECTS ! WILL ( SOME MA/] M9DS1 OR AT ! WIDE/ ! WILL ( A L>GE NUMB] UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( C]TA9 BELIEFS4  ,EI!R ONE OR TWO OR ?REE HORSES MAY DRAW A PL[1 & ITS MOTIONS WILL BE DIFF]5T4  ,! COMPLEXITY ( MOTION FROM ?REE HORSES IS C]TA9LY A PH5OM5ON TO BE /UDI$1 BUT ! WAY IS NOT TO DISREG>D ! ELEM5T>Y MOTIVE =CES :I* =M ! RESULT BY !IR COMB9ATION2 & SO IT IS ) SOCIETY4  ,ITS PH5OM5A WILL BE ACCORD+ TO CONDITIONS ( 9=MATION & TO CIRCUM/ANCES :I* DET]M9E ! DIRECTION ( P]SONAL DESIRES4  ,!RE C]TA9TY ( DESIRE & AV]SION AS MOTIVES1 F\ND$ 9 SELF-PRES]VATION1 IS F\ND 9 ! NATURE ( ORGANIC AS DI/+UI%$ FROM 9ORGANIC EXI/5CE4  ,ALL DESIRES & DISLIKES1 ACT+ & C\NT]ACT+1 MAKE ! SO-CALL$ SOCIAL WILL1 -- A MORE CONV5I5T ?AT ACCURATE AB/RACTION4  ,TO MAKE ( IT AN 5TITY IS A METAPHYSICAL FANCY4  ,UNITY ( WILL IS ! SIGN ( 9DIVIDUALITY4  ,! SEMBLANCE ( A SOCIAL SELF1 AP>T FROM 9DIVIDUALS1 OBVI\SLY >ISES FROM ! G5]AL CONCURR5CE ( WILLS4  ,!Y C\LD NOT DO O!RWISE ?AN RUN ALONG P>ALLEL L9ES ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE1 BUT ! 9TELLECTUAL PRISM SEP>ATES ! BL5D$ SOCIAL RAYS4  

,! *UR* IS AN IMPORTANT GR\P1 UND] ! !OLOGICAL BELIEF4  ,! PRIMITIVE *>ACT] ( ITS DOM9ANT IDEA FUNDS ITS COMPLEM5T>Y EXPRESSION 9 ! SIMPLE & TRANSP>5T ,EGOISM ( ITS IMM$IATE MOTIVES4  ,A P]SONAL RUL]1 JUDGE & REW>D] EXI/+ 9 BELIEFS1 COMM&S & ?REAT5S4  ,! P]SON SACRIFICES P>T ( HIS PLEASURE TO PROPITIATE ?IS MA/] BECAUSE HE FE>S HIS P[]4  ,HABIT SUP]V5E & ! 9VE/IGATION SPIRIT IS T]RORIZ$ BY BO? P]SONAL BELIEF & ! FE> ( O!R FE>-/RICK5 BELIEV]S1 WAT*FUL & 9TOL]ANT4  ,! HOPE ( HEAV5 & FE> ( PUNI%M5T >E ( ! SIMPLE/ ,EGOISM4  ,MORALITY ON ! SAME PLANE 9CLUDES ! FE> ( MAN & HOPE ( B5EFIT FROM M51 COMPLICAT$ ) BELIEF 9 RECIPROCAL 5=CEM5T ( ECCLESIA/ICAL DUTIES1 & ?IS AS A DUTY4  ,BECOM+ METAPHYSICAL IT IS D\BTLESS MORE DIFFICULT ( ANALYSIS1 BUT ?IS SECOND>Y OR TRANSITION /AGE ( M9D IS ALREADY DISPOS$ ( AS A :OLE BY PHILOSOPHY1 SO ?AT ! EVOLUTIONI/ PR$ICTS ! PASSAGE ( ITS PH5OM5A & !IR REPLACEM5T BY POSITIVE IDEAS ( PROCESSES4  ,! METAPHYSICAL /AGE WILL PASS AWAY ?\< ITS =MULAS BE 5TIRELY NEGLECT$ BY ! ADVANC+ OPPOSITION4  ,9 FACT1 SPELL-B\ND & MY/IFI$ MAN IS FRE$ BY C\RAGE TO BREAK (F FROM ! *A9 ( FANTASIES :I* HAS SUCCE$$ TO ! *A9 ( !OLOGICAL FE>4  ,9 ?IS PROGRESS EXAMPLE C\NTS SUGGE/IVELY & EV5 DEMON/RATIVELY1 & NEW HABITS ( POSITIVE1 SPECIFIC 9QUIRY GIVE ! 9TELLECT MA/]Y ( ITSELF & ( ! EMOTIONS :I* HAD 5SLAV$ IT4  

,TO SUM UP ?IS P>T ( ! SUBJECT1 LET ?OSE :O PREA* ANTI-,EGOI/IC DOCTR9ES 9 ! NAME ( DEITY1 SOCIETY OR COLLECTIVE HUMANITY1 TELL US ( A DEITY :O IS NOT AN ,EGOI/ AUTOCRAT1 OR :O HAS WOR%IP]S :O DO NOT B[ D[N TO HIM BECAUSE !Y ?9K IT WISE/ TO SUBMIT2 ( A FAMILY :I* SACRIFICES ITSELF TO ! 9DIVIDUALS & NOT ! 9DIVIDUALS' HOPES & WI%ES TO ITSELF2 ( A COMMUNITY OR POLITICAL OR SOCIAL /ATE :I* DEP>TS FROM ! RULE ( SELF-DEF5SE & SELF-AGGR&IZEM5T2 ( ANY AGGREGATION1 PRET5D+ TO P]MAN5CE1 ?IS IS NOT = ITSELF & AGA9/ EV]Y 9DIVIDUALITY ?AT W\LD SUBTRACT FROM ITS P[] & 9FLU5CE2 ( A COLLECTIVE HUMANITY ?AT IS NOT = ITSELF1 ! COLLECTIVITY1 ?\< IT W]E NECESS>Y TO DISC\RAGE & SUPPRESS ANY 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM :I* ! COLLECTIVITY DID NOT ?9K TO BE WELL DISPOS$ T[>D ! COLLECTIVITY OR AT LEA/ C]TA9 TO OP]ATE TO ITS ULTIMATE B5EFIT4  ,SELF IS ! ?\<T & AIM 9 ALL4  ,SELFNESS IS !IR COMMON *>ACT]I/IC4  ,)\T IT !Y W\LD BE ELEM5TAL MATT]1 UNRESI/+ FOOD = O!R GR[?S4  

 ,V  

 ,CAN ! ALTRUI/IC BE 9CLUD$ 9 ! ,EGOI/IC8  ,ACCORD+ TO A /&>D DEF9ITION1 QUOT$ & ADOPT$ 9 ,WEB/]'S DICTION>Y1 FROM ! ,ECLECTIC ,REVIEW1 ! REPLY SEEMS TO BE ?AT IT CAN4 ,?AT DEF9ITION READS AS FOLL[S3  

 ,A,L,T,R,U,I,/,I,C1 A4 .<FROM ,LAT4 ,ALT]1 O!R.>4  ,REG>DFUL ( O!RS2 PR\D ( OR DEVOT$ TO O!RS2 OPPOS$ TO EGOTI/ICAL4  

 ,IF ,EGOISM W]E ! SAME AS N>R[ 9 MEAN+ AS EGOITI/IC1 ( C\RSE ! QUE/ION W\LD HAVE TO DIFF]5TLY ANSW]$4  ,BUT EGOTISM BE>S ! SAME RELATION TO ,EGOISM AS ! T]M SELFI%NESS1 US$ ) PURPOSE 9 ! D]OGATORY SYLLABLE1 BE>S TO MY NEWLY CO9$ T]M1 SELFNESS2 H5CE WE WILL SET IT D[N ?AT SOME CON/RUCTIVE USE = ! T]M ALTRUI/IC IS NOT ( NECESSITY EXCLUD$ FROM ,EGOI/IC PHILOSOPHY4  ,BUT LET IT BE OBS]V$ ?AT CLAIMS MADE = ,ALTRUISM1 BAS$ UPON AN IGNORANT OR CAPRICI\S LIMITATION ( ! MEAN+ ( ,EGOISM1 & A GLORIFICATION ( ! DOCTR9E ( DEVOTION TO O!RS1 9T5D$ TO PRODUCE A HABIT ( SELF-SURR5D]1 >E HELD 9 \R MODE ( ?\<T TO BE P]NICI\S1 & ATTRIBUT$1 9 CONCLUSIONS FROM \R ANALYSIS1 TO DEFECTIVE OBS]VATIONS & REASON+1 & TO ! SUBTLE WORK+S ( SELFI%NESS4  ,TO BE REG>DFUL ( O!RS )9 REASON1 IS 9TELLIG5T ,EGOISM 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 BUT BE=E WE GO F> 9 ?IS WE DRAW A DI/9CTION BETWE5 SU* O!RS >E WOR? REG>D+ & SU* O!RS AS PRES5T NO TITLE TO REG>D UNLESS A B>R5 & SUP]/ITI\S =M ( RESPECT OBTRUDES ITSELF & MAKES A CLAIM = 0O!RS0 BECAUSE !Y >E 0O!RS10  --- MAKES A VIRTUE ( S9K+ SELF BE=E ?AT :I* IS EXT]NAL TO ! SELF4  ,?IS IS ! PR9CIPLE ( WOR%IP1 M5TAL SLAV]Y1 SUP]/ITION1 ANTI- ,EGOI/IC ?\<T4  ,TO PR\D ( O!RS1 ( ! RI<T SORT = US1 IS ONE =M ( ,EGOI/IC REJOIC+4  ,:5 REFLECTION HAS DONE ITS WORK EFFICI5TLY ! HABIT ( C>E = O!RS1 ( ! RI<T SORT = US1 CONT9UES UNTIL *ECK$ BY SOME C\NT] EXP]I5CE2 BUT LET ! HABIT BECOME /RONG1 LET ! AV5UES TO E/EEM BE UNGU>D$ & ! S5TIM5T ( WOR%IP USURP ! PLACE ( GOOD S5SE1 !N ! ,EGO IS UNDONE4  ,HE IS LIKE ! M>9] :O HAS SET SAID & LA%$ HIS HELM 9 A FIX$ POSITION1 FALL5 ASLEEP & DRIFT$ 9TO O!R CURR5T UND] *ANG+ W9DS4  

 ,SOME ,ALTRUI/IC WRIT]S REM9D ME ( ! OR?ODOX !OLOGIANS4  ,9 FACE ( ! FACTS ( PHYSICAL SCI5CE ! !OLOGIAN ADMITS ?AT EV]Y?+ 9 ?IS WORLD PROCE$S ACCORD+ TO AN 9V>IABLE ORD]1 BUT 9SI/S UPON GIV+ IT A MAGICAL1 <O/LY ORIG94  ,! ,ALTRUI/IC WRIT]S LIKEWISE ADMIT ?AT ! IMM$IATE *OICE ( ACTION ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL AT EA* TURN 9 HIS C>E] IS DET]M9$ BY CAUSES ) PRECISION1 BUT !Y PLEAD = AN ,ALTRUI/IC $UCATION1 AN ,ALTRUI/IC IMPULSE N[1 SO ?AT H]EAFT] ! REACTION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO GIV5 CAUSES MAY BE ?IS3 ?AT HE WILL F9D HIS PLEASURE 9 ! SOCIAL WELF>E4 ,I SAY ?AT IF HE F9DS HIS PLEASURE 9 IT1 HE ,EGOI/ICALLY PROMOTES IT2 & IF ?OSE WRIT]S F9D !IR PLEASURE 9 PLANN+ A GREAT] SOCIAL WELF>E1 !IR 9ITIAL EF=TS 9 ! MATT] >E ,EGOI/IC4  ,! REFLECT+ P]SON MAY P]CEIVE ?AT !RE IS ROOM = MI/AKES AS TO :AT IS ! SOCIAL WELF>E4  ,! DOCTR9E :I* DEM&S ?AT A P]SON %ALL =EGO SOME PLEASURE )\T HAV+ A DELIB]ATE CONVICTION ?AT BY SO DO+ HE MAKES A WISE 9DIVIDUAL *OICE1 IS RESPONSIBLE = A C]TA9 IMM$IATE LESS5+ ( WELF>E AT ONE PO9T4 ,BEYOND ?AT IT MAY BE AN ILLUSION ( IGNORANCE4  

 ,! BELIEF :I* PREVAIL AT ONE TIME REG>D+ :AT IS = ! SOCIAL WELF>E >E WIDELY DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE :I* SUCCE$ !M4  ,ONCE IT WAS DEEM$ 9JURI\S TO SOCIETY TO TEA* A SLAVE TO READ1 & CONSEQU5TLY 9JURI\S TO TOL]ATE 9 A SLAVEHOLD+ COMMONWEAL? ! PRES5CE ( A FREE P]SON :O V5TUR$ TO FOLL[ HIS LIB]AL 9CL9ATION 9 ?IS RESPECT T[>D AN 9TELLIG5T SLAVE ( DES]V+ *>ACT] & CONDUCT4 ,?OSE :O YIELD$ TO ?IS SOCIAL BELIEF :I* !Y %>$1 RA!R ?AN MAKE AN EXCEPTION BY FOLL[+ P]SONAL 9CL9ATION1 YIELD$ TO :AT HAS S9CE BE5 G5]ALLY PRON\NC$ TO BE A MALEFIC ]ROR4  ,AT ! PRES5T DAY ! BELIEFS PREVAIL ?AT CONJUGAL RI<TS ( P]SON OV] P]SON >E CONTRIBUTORY TO ! SOCIAL WELF>E2 ?AT *ILDR5 [E ALLEGIANCE TO !IR P>5TS1 & BLOOD RELATIONS PECULI> OBLIGATIONS TO EA* O!R2 ?AT CITIZ5S NE$ TO FEEL O!R BONDS ?AT !IR [N 9T]E/$ CALCULATIONS & SPONTANE\S B5EVOL5CE2 & SO ,I MI<T PROCE$ ) AN >RAY ( PHANTOM CLAIMANTS EXACT+ DUTIES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL BELIEV]1 PRESCRIB+ :AT HE %ALL & %ALL NOT DO TO BE A WOR?Y PROMOT] ( ! SOCIAL WELF>E2 :]EAS ON ! :OLE !RE NEV] HAS BE5 ANY SOCIAL WELF>E UND]/OOD OR REALIZ$1 BUT MEAN:ILE TRUMP]Y BELIEFS PREVAIL+ 9 ! PA/ & PRES5T HAVE FILL$ ! WORLD ) 9DIVIDUAL MIS]IES4  

 ,SOME ( ! ,ALTRUI/S CONT5D ?AT !IR IDEAL MAN IS WIS] ?AN TO S]VE ! BELIEFS ( SOCIETY4  ,HE WORKS = HIS [N IDEAL ) HIS [N REASON = HIS GUIDE4  ,!Y FE> ?AT IF HE W]E TO LOSE ! URG+ S5SE ( DUTY TO ! IDEAL HE W\LD CEASE TO LABOR = A BETT] CONDITION ( ?+S4  ,N[ ?IS IS ON !IR P>T1 :5 /AT$1 AN 9SIDI\S EV5 UNCONSCI\S *ALL5GE TO US ,EGOI/S TO %[ !M ?AT ,EGOISM IS A BETT] ,ALTRUISM ?AN ,ALTRUISM ITSELF4  ,! MATT] PRES5TS ITSELF ?US1 ?AT ! ,ALTRUI/ WANT TO 9QUIRE OR DISCUSS :E!R ,EGOISM IS 0RI<T10 BE/ = SOCIETY1 & SO =?4  ,P]HAPS IT WILL BREAK UP ALL ! SOCIETIES ?AT N[ EXI/1 & CON/ITUTE NEW MORAL WORLDS1 MAK+ NEW IDEALS POSSIBLE2 P]HAPS LIB]ALITY ( M9D WILL PROMPT TO ALL & MORE ?AN ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T & 5LI<T5$ ,ALTRUI/ EXPECTS FROM ! S5TIM5T ( DUTY2 BUT H[EV] ?IS MAY BE1 WE ,EGOI/S >E NOT >GU+ = ! RI<T ( ,EGOISM TO BE TRI$4  ,WE >E TRY+ TO EXPLA9 ?AT ,EGOISM IS ! *IEF FACT OR ORGANIC EXI/5CE  ---  ITS UNIV]SAL *>ACT]I/ICS4  

 ,LET US ANALYZE ,ALTRUISM ) REF]5CE TO PURSUITS 9/EAD ( CONF9+ ALL \R ATT5TION TO P]SONS4  ,A NEW ACQUA9TANCE & A NEW ?+ >E ALIKE OBJECTS TO ! ,EGO4 ,HIS AIM IS TO MAKE USE ( !M4  ,! ,EGO'S M5TAL CALIB] & HIS PR$ILECTIONS1 H]$ITY1 OR HABITS ) REG>D TO ASSOCIATION1 DI/+UI%+ HIM AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 >E EXHIBIT$ 9 ! APPRECIATION :I* HE %[S = SOME OBJECTS :I* CAN BE MADE USE ( AS MEANS TO GA91 OR R$UCE TO USE1 FUR!R OBJECTS4  ,! LESS REFLECT+ MAN F9DS GRA9 & CONSUMES IT ALL1 F9DS WOOD & USES ALL K9DS ALIKE = FUEL4  ,! MORE REASON+ MAN SAVES SOME GRA9 = SE$1 CULTIVATES IT & GETS MORE1 SAVES H>D WOOD = SOME DURABLE USES1 MAKES TOOLS ( METAL1 & /UDIES HIS FUTURE WELF>E BY PLANN+ MEANS TO 5DS 9/EAD ( LIV+ FROM H& TO M\?4  ,9 SO F> AS HE1 9 DEAL+ ) EI!R P]SONS OR ?+S1 KEEPS PO/PONEM5T OR SURR5D] ( IMM$IATE PLEASURE1 HE IS CLE>LY ACT+ ) ,EGOI/IC JUDGM5T4  ,EV5 :51 HAV+ TE/$ A S]IES ( PH5OM5A1 HE E/ABLI%ES A RULE & ALL[S HABITS TO SUP]V5E1 SAV+ HIMSELF ! TR\BLE ( CON/ANT REPETITION ( V]IFICATIONS1 HE IS /ILL ! SAME ,EGOI/2 BUT IF HE LOSES ! NORMAL CONTROL ( HIS EX]TION ) REF]5CE TO OBJECTS & 5DS :I* AT FIR/ W]E TO HIM MEANS TO O!R 5DS1 HE BECOMES AN IDEALI/IC ,ALTRUI/ 9 ! S5SE 9 :I* ,ALTRUISM IS DI/+UI%$ FROM ,EGOISM4  ,9 O!R WORDS HE BECOMES IRRATIONAL1 OR 9SANE4  ,AS SOME 9DIVIDUALS HAVE M9D 5\< TO BE HABITUALLY C>EFUL ( O!RS ACCORD+ TO !IR M]ITS1 SOME >TISANS >E HABITUALLY C>EFUL ( !IR TOOLS & MORE SY/EMATIC & /EADY 9 !IR ME?ODS ( WORK ?AN O!RS4  ,DOES ?IS >GUE ?AT !Y >E LESS SELFY OR DOES IT SIMPLY >GUE ?AT !Y >E MORE !ORETICAL &1 ) EXCELL5T REASON AT ! F\NDATION1 EXEMPLIFY ! LAW ( *>ACT] BY :I* A PROCESS ( REASON+ HAV+ BE5 SETTL$1 ! 9T]M$IATE L9KS 9 SOME *A9S ( REASON+1 BECOME FAMILI>1 >E PASS$ OV] )\T SELF-CONSCI\SNESS8 ,! SELFNESS ( A F>M] :O GOES \T 9 ! COLD TO SAVE HIS /OCK1 AT ! CO/ TO HIM ( SOME DISCOM=T ONLY1 IS NOT LESS 9 QUANTITY1 BUT IS CONNECT$ ) MORE 9TELLIG5CE1 ?AN ?AT ( ONE :O AVOIDS ! COLD & LETS HIS /OCK SUFF]4  ,BUT A F>M] MAY HAVE BECOME SO AV>ICI\S ?AT HE WILL GET HIM LIMBS FROZ5 9 HIS CRAZE TO SAVE A YE>L+ = ! SAKE ( ! FEW DOLL>S IT IS WOR? TO HIM4  ,! LOVE ( MONEY )9 REASON IS CONSPICU\SLY AN ,EGOI/IC MANIFE/ATION1 BUT :5 ! PASSION GETS ! MAN1 :5 MONEY BECOMES HIS IDEAL1 HIS GOD1 WE MU/ CLASS HIM AS AN ,ALTRUI/4  ,!RE IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( 0DEVOTION TO ANO!R10 NO MATT] ?AT ?AT O!R IS NEI!R A P]SON NOR ! SOCIAL WELF>E1 NO?+ BUT ! FASC9AT+ GOLD5 CALF OR A R[ ( FIGURES4  ,WE ,EGOI/S DRAW ! L9E ( DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! ,EGOI/ & ! DEVOTEE4  ,IT IS ! SAME LOGICALLY :5 A P]SON BECOMES BEWIT*$ ) ANO!R ( ! OPPOSITE SEX SO AS TO LOSE JUDGM5T & SELF-CONTROL1 ?\< ?IS SPECIES ( FASC9ATION IS USUALLY CURABLE BY EXP]I5CE1 :ILE ! MIS]'S 9SANITY CANNOT BE REA*$4  ,! LOVE-SICK MAN OR WOMAN HAS ! ILLUSION DISPELL$ BY CONTACT ) ! P>TICUL> P]SON ?AT CAUS$ IT2 BUT 9 C]TA9 CASES ABS5CE OR DEA? PREV5T ! REM$Y FROM BE+ APPLI$1 & 9 SOME ( !SE 9/ANCES ! M5TAL MALADY IS LIFELONG4  0,DEVOTION TO O!RS10 IT WILL BE OBS]V$1 CAN BE MADE FROM A TEXT = O!R S]MONS ?AN ?OSE EMANAT+ FROM ! AMIABLE ,MORALI/S :O PRIDE !MSELVES UPON ! ALLEG$ SUP]IORITY ( AN UNRES]V$LY ,ALTRUI/IC HABIT ( ?\<T4  

 ,V,I  

 ,! MAN :O HAS FIFTY OR A HUNDR$ SUITS ( CLO?S MADE = HIS IMAG9$ USE1 ! WOMAN :O KEEPS A COLONY ( CATS1 ! MAN :O FILLS A PRIVATE /OREH\SE ) ALL SORTS ( TOOLS :I* HE CAN NEV] USE1 >E EQUALLY ILLU/RATIONS ( ! SUBV]SIONS ( REASON & >E TO BE CLASS$ AS ,ALTRUI/S 9 ! DEGREE 9 :I* ,ALTRUISM SUPPLANTS A RATION ,EGOISM4 ,LET US TAKE UP !SE CASES & CONSID] !M 9 DETAIL4 ,TO HAVE MORE ?AN ONE SUIT ( CLO?S IS MO/LY A WISE PROVISION = ! FUTURE1 H5CE ! AIM IS ,EGOI/IC1 BUT FROM ! PO9T AT :I* ! ACCUMULATOR LOSES SI<T ( ! 5D = :I* HIS C>E & TR\BLE >E TAK51 & BECOMES A SLAVE TO ! IDEA ( CLO?S1 HE CEASES TO BE 9TELLECTUALLY HIS [N MA/]2 HE FALLS UND] ! DOM9ATION ( A FIX$ IDEA & IS 9 ?AT RESPECT LIKE A FANATIC4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 HIM & ! FANATIC IS ?AT HIS CROT*ET IS M]ELY A WA/E ( TIME & MEANS1 :]EAS ! FANATIC'S FIX$ IDEA IS ONE IMPELL+ ITS SLAVE TO SOME SORT ( S5SELESS 9T]F]5CE ) O!R PEOPLE'S CONDUCT4  ,! FANATIC1 TOO1 IS AN IDEALI/IC ,ALTRUI/4  ,IF HIS OPPRESSION ( O!RS W]E C>RI$ ON 9 PURSUANCE ( A SELFI% CALCULATION1 HE W\LD NOT BE A FANATIC4  

 ,! WOMAN :O KEEPS AN ABSURD NUMB] ( CATS EMBODIES ! EXAGG]ATION ( ! ORIG9ALLY RATIONAL IDEA ?AT ?IS IS A USEFUL C\RSE TO HAVE ONE OR TWO CATS AB\T A H\SE TO KEEP ! MICE D[N4  ,C>E = ! USEFUL DOME/IC CAT1 )\T REASON+ ?IS MATT] OV] CONT9UALLY1 IS JU/ AS ALTRUI/IC & NO MORE SO ?AN FAIR TREATM5T ( GOOD NEI<BORS OR ( NEI<BORS :O W\LD PROBABLY BE DANG]\S IF UNFAIRLY TREAT$4  ,! CRAZE = CATS IS ! SAME K9D ( ,ALTRUISM AS ?AT :I* DICTATES 5TIRE SELF-SACRIFICE = ! IMAG9$ FOOD ( O!R PEOPLE4  

 ,ONE MAY NE$ MANY APPLIANCES1 BUT !RE IS A RATIONAL LIMIT TO ! ACCUMULATIONS ( TOOLS4  ,IT IS QUITE CLEAN ?AT SOME M5 PASS ?IS LIMIT & MAKE COLLECTIONS ( SU* ?+S A HOBBY1 NOT = EXHIBITION & 9/RUCTION1 BECAUSE !Y WILL EAG]LY ACCUMULATE A DOZ5 OR FIFTY >TICLES ( A K9D1 & NOR = COMM]CE4  ,?IS MILD =M ( 9SANITY CANNOT WELL BE CLASS$ O!RWISE ?AN AS A DEG5]ATION FROM RATIONAL ,EGOISM1 ?R\< ! ALTRUI/IC PROCESS1 TO SUP]NAL ,ALTRUISM4  

 ,I HAVE DWELT UPON !SE EXAMPLES P>TLY BECAUSE IT IS SOMETIMES ASSUM$ ?AT PR(ESS$ ,EGOI/S %\LD USE NEI!R =ESI<T NOR PRUD5TIAL SELF-D5IAL4  ,CRITICS :O PRESUME TO >GUE 9 ?IS WAY REF] MAN TO ! IMPROVID5T SPECIES ( ANIMALS & =GET EV5 ! SQUIRREL4  ,IT IS QUITE CONSI/5T ) ,EGOI/IC PHILOSOPHY & PRACTICE ?AT =ESI<T %\LD BE US$ & SPECIFIC PLEASURES REL9QUI%$1 & ?AT HABITS ( PRUD5TIAL SELF-D5IAL %\LD BE =M$1 SUBJECT TO SE>*+ REVIEW & READY SELF-CONTROL1 ESPECIALLY AS WE >E ADMONI%$ ON AYE *ANGE ( SURR\ND+S4  

 ,& N[1 HAV+ TRAC$ ! DEG5]ATION ( ! LIMIT$ ALTRUI/IC PHASE ( ,EGOISM 7! RATIONAL PO/PONEM5T ( IMM$IATE 5DS TO MEANS ( NO VALUE 9 !MSELVES BUT ONLY TO REA* ,EGOI/IC 5DS71 9 O!RS WORDS HAV+ VIEW$ ,EGOISM AS P>TLY A PURSUIT ( MEANS1 & SO A RATIONAL C\RSE1 & ,EGOI/ICALLY ALTRUI/IC HABITS AS A FUR!R RATIONAL ECONOMY ( TIME1 9 PLACE ( 5DLESS M9UTE EXAM9ATION & CALCULATIONS ( CONSEQU5CES1 --HAV+ EXPLA9$ FROM ! ,EGOI/IC PO9T ( VIEW H[1 :5 ! ,EGO HAS 9 SOME 9/ANCE PURPOSELY DISMISS$ ! IMM$IATE GRATIFICATION ( SELF1 HE MAY & DOES SOMETIMES FAIL TO RETURN TO IT = WANT ( L&M>KS1 MEMORY & REFLECTION1 ,I W\LD 9QUIRE :E!R !RE BE ANY BETT] EXPLANATION ( ! ORIG9 ( ! 9SANITY ( SELF- ABNEGATION2 ,I MEAN 9 ! REAL1 EXTREME UNEGOI/IC S5SE ( ! WORD2 A SACRIFICE )\T EXPECTATION ( ,COMP5SATION TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! LIMIT$ ALTRUI/IC PHASE ( ,EGOISM IS 9EVITABLE = A COMPLEX BE+4 ,IT 9VOLVES ! P]IL DESCRIB$4 ,HE RUNS ! RISK ( GO+ 9TO SUP]NAL ,ALTRUISM1 MU* AS ! SAILOR1 DELIB]ATELY GO+ \T ( SI<T ( L& TO REA* O!R L&1 RUNS :ATEV] RISK !RE MAY BE ( =GETT+ ! OBJECT ) :I* HE UND]TOOK ! VOYAGE OR ( LOS+ HIS COMPASS & NEV] GETT+ BACK2 OR AS AN ORATOR1 5T]+ UPON ! ,FL[]Y PA? ( ILLU/RATIONS1 MAY BECOME CAPTIVAT$ ) ! IMAGES ( HIS FANCY & UTT]LY =GET ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION :I* HE 9T5D$ ONLY MOM5T>ILY TO PO/PONE 9 ORD] TO REA* IT ) GREAT] EFFECT4 ,AS HOBBIES1 MIS]LY HABITS1 & SO =?1 DO NOT SEEM TO ADMIT ( ANY O!R EXPLANATION ?AN ! ONE PRES5T$1 & AS FANATICISM ) ITS CRUEL DE$S ADMITT$LY SPR+S FROM CONC]N = O!RS1 C\PL$ ) A BELIEF ?AT C]TA9 ( !IR DOCTR9ES >E ]RORS1 & IS ?US ID5TIFI$ DESPITE ITS DEPLORABLE *>ACT]I/ICS1 AS BE+ PRON\NC$ ,ALTRUISM1 & YET 9 CONSEQU5CE ( !SE *>ACT]I/ICS IT WILL NOT BE DEF5D$ BY PR(ESS$ ,ALTRUI/S1 BUT WILL BE ADMITT$ BY !M TO ORIG9ATE 9 UNREASON1 ,I %\LD NOT EXPECT !M TO OBJECT 9 ?IS WAY ( ACC\NT+ = ALL OBVI\SLY EVIL =MS ( ,ALTRUISM4 ,BUT ! OBVI\SLY EVIL & ! SILLY PHASES ( ,ALTRUISM >E APP>5TLY AS 9T5SE AS ?OSE PHASES :I* >E SO MU* PRAIS$ & EXPATIAT$ UPON BY PR(ESS$ ,ALTRUI/S1 & !RE=E PRESUMABLY REQUIRE AN EQUAL =MATIVE 5]GY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY UNTIL ! CONTR>Y IS %[N1 WE %ALL BE AS ?OR\<LY W>RANT$ 9 REASON 9 ASSUM+ ?AT IF ! ONE SET HAVE BE5 ACC\NT$ = BY \R !ORY ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! DOM9AT+ P[] ( IDEAS & S5TIM5TS1 ! O!R CAN BE ACC\NT$ = 9 ! SAME WAY2 PRECISELY AS WE MAY SAY ?AT IF ! PHYSICAL DEVELOPM5T !ORY BE ADMITT$ TO ACC\NT = ! SNAKE & ! HAWK1 IT WILL BE TAK5 TO ACC\NT = ! %EEP & ! DE]4 ,& MOREOV]1 :5 A PROCESS ( DEVELOPM5T IS %[N TO HOLD GOOD1 ! MUTE *ALL5GE ( FACTS IS NOT M]ELY AS TO :E!R OR NOT ANO!R & RADICALLY DIFF]5T SORT ( EXPLANATION CAN BE SUPPOS$ = CORRELATIVE FACTS1 BUT ! PRESUMPTION ( A G5]AL UNITY ( PROCESS IS V]Y /RONG4 ,LET ANY CONSID]ABLE P>T ( ! =EGO+ REASON+ BE ADMITT$ & IT IS GRANT$ TO US ?AT ! CONCRETE GOOD OR SEEM+LY GOOD 9 ,ALTRUISM IS BAS$ 9 ,EGOISM4 ,!N IT CAN SAFELY BE 9F]R$ ?AT IT MU/ BE SUBJECT TO TE/ BY REF]5CE TO ! ,EGOI/IC REASON = ITS EXI/5CE2 9 EA* CASE ( A DEVELOPM5T ( ALTRUI/IC MOTIVE ! QUE/ION WILL BE3 IS IT S]VICEABLE PROJECTION1 AN 9DIRECT MEANS ( ,EGOI/IC ATTA9M5T1 OR IS IT AN IRRATIONAL MOVEM5T1 AN AB]RATION1 TO :I* WE HAVE SE5 !RE IS A CON/ANT T5D5CY8 ,N[1 ! REASON :Y WE NE$ TO SPEAK ) CAUTION ( ! SEEM+ GOOD 9 ,ALTRUISM IS NOT F\ND$ 9 ANY D\BT ?AT RATIONALLY LIMIT$ ALTRUISM IS WISE & A NECESS>Y P>T ( HUMAN ,EGOISM1 BUT 9 ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT ,ALTRUISM APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 SET UP BY SOME WRIT]S AS A PR9CIPLE SEP>ATE FROM & 9DEP5D5T ( ,EGOISM1 AS IF ! LATT] W]E A PRELIM9>Y LADD]1 PASS+ FROM :I* !Y PR(ESS TO REA* !IR SUP]NAL /RUCTURE1 :]EUPON !Y W\LD KICK ! LADD] FROM B5EA? !M4 ,AT ?IS PO9T WE ,EGOI/S DECIDE ?AT SU* ,ALTRUISM1 CONSID]$ AS A PR9CIPLE1 IS NOT A ?+ ( P>TS MORE OR LESS GOOD1 BUT IS POSIT$ AS A RIVAL ( ANTAGONI/IC CLAIM1 & !RE=E FROM ! ,EGOI/IC PO9T ( VIEW1 IS :OLLY BAD4 ,H]E = ILLU/RATION WE MAY TAKE ! ANALOGY ( :AT IS CALL$ GOV]NM5T4 ,IF WE SAY ?AT EA* 9DIVIDUAL NE$S PROTECTION FROM VIOL5CE & COMB9ATIONS ( VIOL5CE1 ?AT !RE=E ! HONE/ PEOPLE %\LD COMB9E TO SECURE SU* PROTECTION1 ?IS IS WELL2 BUT IF UPON ?IS BASIS A GOV]NM5TAL P[] IS BUILT :I* PROVES TO BE OPPRESSIVE1 WE D5Y ?AT SU* GOV]NM5T IS GOOD1 :ATEV] GOOD ACTS IT MAY P]=M4  

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 ,ALL ! APPETITES & PASSIONS AF=D SUBJECTS = OBS]VATION & /UDY ( ! PROCESS TRAC$ 9 SEV]AL ( ! PREC$+ P>AGRAPHS1 BUT IT IS NOT MY PURPOSE TO GIVE AN EXHAU/IVE REVIEW ( ! V>I\S FIX$ IDEAS & FASC9ATIONS1 OR =MS ( M5TAL SLAV]Y4 ,I W\LD SUGGE/1 AS A USEFUL EX]CISE TO ! /UD5T ( ?IS PHILOSOPHY ( ! ACTUAL1 ?AT O!R =MS ( SUBS]VI5CY TO FIX$ IDEAS BE ANALYZ$ AS 9/ANCES PRES5T !MSELVES4  

 ,SOMETIMES IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO LOOK BEYOND ! 9DIVIDUAL EXP]I5CE ( ! SUBJECT4 ,9DE$ IT IS C]TA9 ?AT H]$ITY PLAYS AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 PR$ISPOS+ ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ONE OR O!R CRAZE1 SO ?AT HE FALLS 9TO IT :5 ! 9CIT+ CAUSE >ISES1 OR ELSE 9 ORGANIZ+ HIM ) WELL-BALANC$ P[]S SO ?AT HE HAPP5S TO BE HAPPILY PRO( AGA9/ !IR 9FLU5CE4 ,= EXAMPLE IT MAY BE 9T]E/+ TO ! READ] TO TAKE UP = HIMSELF ! PASSION ( REV5GE1 /UDY ITS ORIG9 9 ! FACTS ( W>R+ SPECIES1 FAMILIES & 9DIVIDUALS1 SELF-DEF5SE & PRECAUTION1 HABITS ( ?\<T BECOM+ FIX$1 ! DE/RUCTIVE PROP5SITY DEVELOP$ P]HAPS BEYOND ! NE$ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ACTUAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 :ILE ! S5SE ( RELATION BETWE5 MEANS & 5DS IS BLUNT$ OR LO/2 CONSEQU5TLY :5 SOME HURT IS EXP]I5C$ OR APPREH5D$1--OR IT MAY BE AN 9SULT TO HIS 0HONOR0 OR A BUNDLE ( ,ALTRUI/IC BELIEFS1-! P]SON SEEK+ SELF-PROTECTION OR V9DICATION WILL ACT AS IF :AT HAS BE5 DE/ROY$ W]E /ILL TO BE PRES]V$ BY ANNIHILAT+ ! DE/ROY]1 OR ON A M5ACE HE WILL ACT ) ! 5]GY ( CONC5TRAT$ RACE EXP]I5CES1 & 9 SYMPA?Y ) HIS FAMILY1 NATION OR RACE WILL G5]ALIZE AN 9JURY TO SOMEONE AS BE+ PRECISELY ! SAME AS AN 9JURY TO ANO!R OR HIMSELF1 ?\< 9 ! CASE IT MAY BE REALLY O!RWISE1 AS A COOL JUDGM5T MI<T DET]M9E4 ,?US :AT IS PRIM>ILY SELF-DEF5SE LEADS1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS PASSION1 & P]HAPS QUITE AS (T5 OR (T5] ?AN PHILAN?ROPY1 TO ! SACRIFICE ( HIS [N LIFE BY ! SUBJECT4 ,SU* ACTION HAS ! M>K ( ?AT SUP]NAL ,ALTRUISM ALREADY ABUNDANTLY ILLU/RAT$ & CLE>LY DI/+UI%$ FROM A RATIONAL ALTRUISM CONSONANT ) ! REIGN ( SELF-9T]E/4  

 ,WE HAVE N[ DEALT ) ,ALTRUISM AS FACT1 BUT WE HAVE YET TO CONSID] IT AS A PREA*M5T ( DUTY4 ,BE=E 5T]+ UPON A CONSID]ATION ( ! CLAIMS ( ! PREA*]S ( 0MORAL DUTY0 & %[+ :AT !IR ALLEG$ OBLIGATORY ,ALTRUISM IS1 PUTT+ IT TO ! TE/1 :]EUPON ,I APPREH5D ?AT IT WILL BE F\ND TO BE EASI] = A MAN TO PASS ?R\< A NE$LE'S EYE ?AN TO 5T] 9TO ! MORAL K+DOM ( HEAV51 ,I WI% TO ANTICIPATE AN OBJECTION OR CRITICISM :I* SOME READ] MAY HAVE RAIS$ 9 HIS [N M9D :ILE WE W]E DISCUSS+ ! ILLU/RATIONS ( FIX$ IDEAS4 ,! MIS] TOOK PLEASURE 9 HO>D+ GOLD1 BUT BECAUSE HE WAS UND] A FIX$ IDEA ,I CLASSIFI$ HIM AS 9 ! BAD S5SE ,ALTRUI/IC2 YET = AN 9DIVIDUAL TO ACT UND] ! RULE ( PLEASURE IS ,EGOI/IC4 ,?IS IS ! SEEM+LY DIFFICULT4 ,IT IS RESOLV$1 ( C\RSE1 BY DISREG>D+ V]BAL QUIBBLES4 ,! MESM]IZ$ SUBJECT SEEMS TO ACT AS AN 9DIVIDUAL BUT HE IS UND] =EIGN CONTROL4 ,! MIS] SEEMS LIKEWISE TO ACT AS AN 9DIVIDUAL BUT HE IS 9TOXICAT$ OR MESM]IZ$ BY ! =CE ( ! IDEA :I* HAS OBTA9$ AN ASC5DANCY 9COMPATIBLE ) ! REIGN ( 9DIVIDUAL REASON4  

 ,A FUR!R REM>K SEEMS APPROPRIATE H]E1 & ,I HAVE BR\<T ?IS CASE UP P>TLY TO EXPLA9 H[ F> ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,EGOISM DIFF]S FROM ! LOGOMA*Y ( ! ,MORALI/S1 :O1 NOT CONT5T ) DIVID+ M5 9TO %EEP & GOATS1 W\LD BE GLAD TO DIVIDE IDEAS ( FACTS 9 ! SAME WAY & ON ! L9ES ( !IR [N PREJUDICES4 ,) !M ! FACTS MU/ BE OPPOSITES1 ABSOLUTE OPPOSITES ALL ! WAY ?R\<1 IF !RE BE OPPOSITION 9 !M 9 SOME RELATION4 ,!Y HAVE RI<T & WRONG1 GOOD & EVIL1 ,ALTRUISM & ,EGOISM 9 !IR BRA9S AS OPPOSITES4 ,?\< NO?+ 9 FACT IS SIMPL] TO S\ND REASON ?AN ! CON=MITY ( ! CRAZY MAN'S CONDUCT TO ! ORD] ( ! SANE MAN'S CONDUCT1 B>R+ ! SUB/ITUTION ( AN ABNORMAL MOTIVE :I* PRACTICALLY SUPPLANTS 9DIVIDUAL REASON1 ! G5U9E ,MORALI/IC !ORI/ DOES NOT WANT AN ANALYSIS ( ! FACTS4 ,HE IS ON ! LOOK\T = SOME PEG :]EON TO HANG A *>GE ( 9CONSI/5CY 9 >GUM5T4 ,V]BIAGE IS HIS /RON<OLD = SU* OCCASIONS4 ,HE MAY BE PA9FULLY ,SURPRIS$ TO LE>N ?AT WE ,EGOI/S PR(ESS TO F9D ! ,ALTRUI/IC SUBJECT MANIFE/+ ,EGOI/IC MODES ( OP]ATION AS NE>LY AS ! NATURE ( ! CRAZE WILL ALL[1 & ?AT WE F9D 9 ?IS AN EXPECT$ CORROBORATION ( ! C5TRAL FACT ( ORGANIZ$1 S5SITIVE EXI/5CE4 ,A LITTLE %OCK OR :IRL ( ?IS K9D WILL PREP>E ! LESS FOSSILIZ$ AMONG MY ,MORALI/IC READ]S = ! GREAT] A/ONI%M5T :I* !Y MU/ UND]GO :5 !Y = ! FIR/ TIME READ ( RI<T & WRONG AS !Y WILL BE TREAT$ 9 !SE PAGES1 AS CONCEPTIONS HAV+ EA* A SEP>ATE & 9DEP5D5T ORIG9 & NOT LOGICALLY REQUIR+ ! USUAL =C$ MORALI/IC TREATM5T AS IF !Y W]E NECESS>Y & 9V>IABLE OPPOSITES4 ,JU/ AT ?IS PO9T1 H[EV]1 ,I NE$ ONLY SAY ?AT MODE/ ALTRUISM CONFESSES ITS F\NDATION & HAU<TY ,ALTRUISM IS SELF-BETRAY$1 AS SURELY AS !RE IS ME?OD 9 MADNESS4 ,ALTRUISM IS CONSPICU\SLY SELFI% TO MAKE GA9S = ,ALTRUISM4 ,ME?OD IS A PRIME *>ACT]I/IC ( SANITY4 ,!RE MAY BE SU* MADNESS AS %[S NO ME?OD1 BUT IT IS R>E4 ,! ,ALTRUISM ?AT CONTA9S NO ,EGOI/IC ALLOY IS /ILL MORE R>E IF IT EXI/S AT ALL4 ,WE HAVE YET TO LOOK AB\T & SEE :E!R IT CAN BE F\ND & TO EXAM9E :E!R OR NOT IT WILL APPE> TO BE A VA9 PR(ESSION ( SELF-DELUD$ M5 :O HAVE NEV] CONTEMPLAT$ ! SACRIFICES :I* IT W\LD 9VOLVE IF CONSI/5TLY & DILIG5TLY C>RI$ 9TO ACTION4  

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 ,TO PLEAD BE=E A TRIBUNAL IS G5]ALLY UND]/OOD TO BE AN ACKN[L$GM5T ( ITS JURISDICTION4 ,! 9TELLIG5T ,EGOI/ DOES NOT SEEK TO JU/IFY HIS VIEWS OR CONDUCT ACCORD+ TO RULES OR PR9CIPLES ( ,MORALISM :I* WORKS BY AWE1 AP+ !OLOGY & RELIGION1 ( :I* ?IS ,MORALISM IS ! <O/4 ,SU* WORDS AS MORALS1 MORALITY1 RI<T & WRONG1 DUTY & OBLIGATION HAVE NOT LO/ !IR LIMIT$ ,EGOI/IC MEAN+S4 ,! !ORETICAL ,EGOI/ MAY BE T]M$ A MORALI/ 9 SO F> AS HE ?9KS \T A C\RSE ( CONDUCT 9 CON=MITY ) HIS OBS]VATION & REASON4 ,IF 9 A G5IAL WAY HE SO>S ABOVE BUS9ESS CALCULATIONS !N HE 0S+S AS ! BIRDS S+40 ,TO HIM DUTIES IMPLY P]SONS :O HAVE WANTS & MAKE ! NON- SATISFACTION ( ?OSE WANTS A S\RCE ( DISCOM=T TO HIM4 ,BUT SUP]NAL ,MORALISM ) ITS ABSOLUTE ,DUTY HE APPREH5DS AS A CLAIM ( AN ESS5TIALLY RELIGI\S *>ACT] FETT]+ ) <O/LY T]ROR OR 5?RALLM5T ALL :O YIELD TO ! MY/IC SPELL4  

 ,P]SONS :O HAVE BE5 RE>$ 9 A RELIGI\S BELIEF F9D !MSELVES YE>S AFT] !Y HAVE BECOME DISBELIEV]S 9 ! DOCTR9ES TAU<T !M 9 *ILDHOOD /ILL SO F> UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( RELIGI\S S5TIM5T ?AT LI<T REM>KS ON ! SUBJECT GIVE !M A %OCK1 & APP>5TLY 9 ! SAME WAY A G5]ATION ?AT DOES NOT KN[ ,GOD OR ECCLESIA/ICAL AU?ORITY1 A G5]ATION ?AT DOES NOT KN[ ! SACR$ POLITICAL ,/ATE & ! SACR$ AU?ORITATIVE FAMILY ( ITS FA!RS1 /ILL RETA9S SOME PORTION ( ! CONSCI5CE ?AT W\LD FA9 SUBJUGATE ,EGOI/IC REASON4 ,= ?\S&S ( YE>S PREA*]S 9 ! S]VICE ( RUL]S HAVE BE5 PREA*+ ,DUTY1 HUMILITY1 SUBMISSION1 PIETY TO ! PEOPLE1 & ,EGOISM HAS BE5 !IR UNSPEAKABLE HORROR4 ,9 \R DAY ! RESULTS ( CRITICISM APPLI$ TO RELIGI\S BELIEF >E APP>5T 9 G5]AL SKEPTICISM REG>D+ ! F\NDATION ( !IR AU?ORITY1 ( !IR DOGMAS4 ,/ILL ! H]$ITY ( PREA*+1 EXHORT+ & W>N+ MU/ F9D ITS \TLET1 TO SAY NO?+ ( CALCULATIONS MADE BY M5 :OSE WEAL? IS 9SUR$ BY ! SY/EM ( BELIEF & SUBMISSION PREA*$1 & TO SAY NO?+ ( CALCULATIONS BY EX-PREA*]S ( !OLOGY :OSE PROSPECT ( AN 9COME SEEMS LIMIT$ TO F9D+ SOME?+ ON :I* TO PREA* & BY :I* TO OBTA9 CONTRIBUTIONS1 & ?US ! RELATIONS ( MAN ) MAN1 PHILAN?ROPY = EQUITY1 S5TIM5T = SCI5CE1 S]VE TO CONT9UE ! COM$Y-TRAG$Y ( PREA*+ & S]VILITY4  

 ,IF ,%YLOCK DOES NOT GO TO *UR* HE TAKES A MAGAZ9E & 5ABLES ! PUBLI%] TO PAY A FEW DOLL>S A PAGE = ESSAYS ON E?ICS1 ! PURPORT ( :I* IS ?AT ,MORALITY1 ,CONSCI5CE1 ,DUTY REIGN :]E ,GOD =M]LY REIGN$ & ) MU* ! SAME RE/RA9+ EFFECT2 ?AT ALL HONORABLE M5 WILL AGREE ?AT !SE =CES >E 9DISP5SABLE1 9]ADICABLE & NECESS>Y = ! CONS]VATION ( PROP]TY1 ! FAMILY1 GOV]NM5T & SOCIAL ORD]1 H5CE A PRO( ( ,MORAL ,BE+ 9 MAN1 :ILE SELF-9T]E/ AS A PR9CIPLE W\LD BE SUBV]SIVE ( ,MORAL S5TIM5T & RU9\S TO SOCIETY2 :]E9 IT IS ASSUM$ ?AT SOCIETY IS AB\T AS IT IS DESIRABLE TO KEEP IT4 ,BY SU* PROCESS ,%YLOCK MAKES #e P]C5T ON HIS 9VE/M5T 9 ,MORALI/IC LIT]ATURE SIMPLY 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E1 AS HE IS PROTECT$ BY ! ,/ATE4 ,HE ACCEPTS ANY 9CID5TAL ASSI/ANCE T[>D KEEP+ WOM5 9 A RECEPTIVE & DOCILE CONDITION ( M9D AS BE+ SO MU* CLE> PR(IT1 ?\< REALLY IF ! 5T]PRISE HAD TO BE SU/A9$ = ?IS PURPOSE ALONE HE MU/ BE A MIS] ONLY OR ELSE A FREE LOV] & NOT A 0PROP] FAMILY MAN10 IF HE DID NOT SEE ! ADVISIBILITY ( PAY+ \T ! FEW DOLL>S EV5 ) ?IS SOLE 5D 9 VIEW4  

 ,ALL RE=M]S :O >E NOT 9TELLIG5T ,EGOI/S OR 5D[$ ) ! G5IUS ( ,EGOISM CONT9UALLY R5D] !MSELVES RIDICUL\S BY COMPLA9+ ( MONOPOLI/S & TYRANTS4 ,!REBY !Y PROCLAIM !IR ,MORALI/IC SUP]/ITION4 ,!IR ME?OD IS ABORTIVE4 ,IT CAN AT ! BE/ LEAD PEOPLE FROM ONE =M ( TRU/FUL DEP5D5CE TO ANO!R4 ,AT ! WOR/ & (T5 IT CAUSES PEOPLE TO COMMIT ACTS ( ILL CONSID]$ HO/ILITY & TO 9DULGE 9 S5TIM5TAL DECL>ATIONS :I* 5ABLE COOL & 9TEL,IIG5T MA/]S TO 9CITE /RONG] =CES AGA9/ ! RE=M]S4 ,RE=M1 9DE$1 IS A WORD = CONS]VATIVE M$IOCRITY4 ,EGOISM :5 UND]/OOD BY ! MANY MEANS NO?+ LESS ?AN A COMPLETE REVOLUTION 9 ! RELATIONS ( MANK9D1 = IT IS ! EX]CISE ( ! P[]S ( 9DIVIDUALS AT !IR PLEASURE1 & NOT A PLEA = !IR 0RI<TS40  

 ,! ,MORALI/S1 OR ,ALTRUI/S1 COME ) A TALE ( ,DUTY1 OR MORAL OBLIGATION4 ,!Y SAY ?AT ,I \<T TO LOVE MY NEI<BOR AS MYSELF & TO PUT ASIDE MY SELFY PLEASURE4 ,IT IS HORRIFY+ TO !M ?AT ,I ACT ON CONSCI\SNESS ( SATISFACTION1 ON G5IAL IMPULSE1 ON CALCULATION ( GA91 & NOT 9 SUBMISSION TO ! ,MORALI/IC JUDGM5T ( 0CONSCI5CE40 ,I UND]/& V]Y WELL ?AT IT IS !IR IGNORANT FE> ( AN 9DEP5D5T P]SON ?AT IS AT ! BOTTOM ( !IR PLEAD+4 ,!Y >E ACCU/OM$ TO ?9K ( A MAN AS A DANG]\S ANIMAL UNLESS CONTROLL$ BY 0CONSCI5CE40 ,FEW ( !M HAVE MET ONE :O DOES NOT PR(ESS TO DEF] TO SU* A 0SPIRITUAL GUIDE40 ,I H[EV] REG>D !IR 0CONSCI5CE0 AS ID5TICAL ) ! SUP]/ITION :I* IMPELS ,H9DUS TO ?R[ !MSELVES B5EA? ! :EELS ( ! SACR$ C> & TO ALL[ SACR$ ANIMALS & SACR$ M5 TO DEV\R !IR SUB/ANCE4  

 ,>E ! ,ALTRUI/S1 ! ,MORALI/S1 WILL+ TO EXAM9E ! LOGIC ( !IR PR9CIPLE & C>RY IT \T TO ITS CONSEQU5CE8 ,WILL !Y FOLL[ :]E IT LEADS8 ,!N WE NE$ NOT 9SI/ ,UPON ! PROM95CE ( ! OPPRESSIVE IDEA ( ,DUTY & ITS DEGRADATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 BUT WE MAY TAKE !IR [N FAVORITE IDEA ( PURE1 DIS9T]E/$ LOVE EXPELL+ SELF-9T]E/ :]EV] ! TWO CONFLICT4 ,( C\RSE ! 9TELLIG5T ,EGOI/ WILL P]CEIVE ?AT ,I AM TRY+ TO ACCOMMODATE ! ,ALTRUI/S1 TO GET AS NE> !IR POSITION AS POSSIBLE1 BUT ?AT NEV]!LESS !RE IS SOME?+ ( FALSEHOOD1 ( CONTRADICTION1 9 ! IDEA ?AT LOVE CAN BE O!R ?AN A P]SONAL 9T]E/ 9 ! OBJECT :5 LOVE OV]COMES O!R 9T]E/S )\T A S5TIM5T ( SACRIFICE >IS+2 & ?AT IF ! CONSCI\SNESS ( SACRIFICE BE PRES5T ! MOTIVE IS ,DUTY1 NOT LOVE4 ,H[EV]1 ,I AM DISCUSS+ AN ALLEG$ POSSIBILITY1 A LIFE ( ,ALTRUI/IC DEVOTION1-& ,I DO NOT EXPECT 9 ! /ATEM5T ( ! QUE/ION TO SUCCE$ BETT] ?AN ! ,MORALI/S !MSELVES 9 MAK+ ! FANCIFUL S*EME APPE> :OLLY REAL4 ,AP>T FROM !OLOGY ) ITS GROSS DOGMATISM AB\T 0S\LS0 9 M5 & ! ANIMALS AS 0S\LLESS0 MA*9ES ( FLE% & BLOOD1 ! DOGMA ( ,MORALISM1 ! DUTY ( ,JOVE TO O!RS1 OBVI\SLY BE>S A DIRECT & ESS5TIAL RELATION TO ! CAPACITY ( O!RS TO 5JOY & TO SUFF]1 & NO RADICAL DI/9CTION CAN BE MADE BETWE5 A HUMAN SUBJECT & ANY O!R ANIMAL4 ,! ANTI-VIVISECTION ,MORALI/S /& UP TO ! LOGIC ( !IR PR9CIPLE 9 ONE P>TICUL> :5 !Y 9SI/ ?AT PA9 \<T TO BE 9FLICT$ UPON ! 9F]IOR ANIMALS = ! ADVANCEM5T ( SCI5CE 9T5D$ = ! B5EFIT ( MANK9D & NOT = ! SPECIES OR 9DIVIDUAL ANIMALS OP]AT$ UPON4  

 ,! CONSI/5T ,MORALI/ WILL N[ SEE :AT HIS PR9CIPLE REQUIRES ( HIM4 ,?\< ! ANIMAL1 BY REASON ( ITS 9F]IOR 9TELLIG5CE & WANT ( SPEE* & H&S1 CANNOT FULLY EXPRESS ITS COMPLA9TS1 ASS]T ITS 0RI<TS10 & MA9TA9 ITS LIB]TY1 HE WILL NEI!R USE HIS SUP]IOR ABILITY TO 5?RALL$ IT NOR P]MIT O!RS TO DO SU* WRONG IF IT BE )9 HIS P[] TO PREV5T !M4 ,! ANIMAL'S 9ABILITY TO P>TICIPATE AS AN EQUAL 9 SOCIAL AFFAIRS IS GR\ND = C]TA9 EXCLUSIONS1 BUT NOT = USURPATION1 DET5TION1 SUBJUGATION1 CA/RATION1 5=C$ LABOR1 %E>+ (F ! NATURAL COAT1 ROBB]Y ( ! MO!R'S MILK & DRIV+ TO ! SLAU<T] H\SE4 ,BY :AT RI<T DOES ! ,MORALI/ %OOT DE] OR CR[S1 CUT (F ! HEADS ( *ICK5S & TURKEYS1 & CA/ HIS L9E OR HIS NET = FI%8 ,IF BY ! AU?ORITY ( ,GOD1 ,I REPLY ?AT ,GOD IS ! >*ETYPE ( P]SONAL DESPOTISM1 ,EGOISM )\T ! BALANC+ =CE ( APPROXIMATELY EQUAL P[]S 9 DIFF]5T 9DIVIDUALS2 & ?AT !RE IS NO SU* AU?ORITY4 ,! PHILOSOPHICAL ,ALTRUI/ HAS LEFT ?AT GR\ND4 ,I REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE ! PLEA4 ,I LOOK TO ! ,ALTRUI/IC ,MORALI/ = A LESS B>B>IAN ANSW]4 ,& LET HIM REMEMB] ! 9CAPABLE ( HIS SPECIES1 ! IDIOT1 ! MANIAC4 ,DOES HE EXPLOIT !M ) A GOOD CONSCI5CE1 AS HE TAMES & RIDES A HORSE8 ,DOES HE REFRA9 FROM FATT5+ & KILL+ !M ONLY BECAUSE HE ?9KS !Y >E NOT GOOD EAT+8 ,:]E & :AT IS HIS CONSCI5CE1 !N1 AS TO O!R ANIMALS8  

 ,P]MIT ME TO SUGGE/ ?AT A MAN IS SAFE 9 REFLECT+ ?AT HE WILL NEV] BE A BUFFALO OR A RAT1 UNLESS HE BELIEVES 9 TRANSMIGRATION1 :]EUPON HIS UNCONFESS$ ,EGOISM CROPS \T1 KE5LY SELF-REG>DFUL4 ,H5CE BUFFALOES & RATS HAVE NO RI<TS ?AT A MAN EV5 ?\< A PR(ESS$ ,MORALI/ NE$ RESPECT1 EXCEPT ! RI<T ( EXEMPTION FROM TORTURE4 7,TORTURE IS A BAD EXAMPLE4 ,IT CAN BE 9FLICT$ UPON M5 AS WELL AS UPON O!R ANIMALS & IT DOES NOT M9I/] TO ANY DEM& ( 5LI<T5$ SELF-9T]E/47 ,BUT :AT MAN MAY NOT BE ACCUS$ ( FEEBLE-M9D$NESS OR SUFF] SOME ACCID5T :I* WILL IMPAIR HIS M5TAL P[]S8 ,H[ !N CAN SELF-CONC]N BE SIL5T :5 ONE ( HIS SPECIES IS ILL TREAT$8 ,! O!R ANIMALS-9DE$ HE IS NEV] TO BE ONE ( !M3 :AT DOES IT MATT] TO HIM H[ Y\ USE !M SO ?AT Y\ DO NOT CULTIVATE CRUELTY 9 Y\RSELF8 7,! CRUEL MAN IS DANG]\S TO US & \RS47  

 ,I CALL UPON ! ,MORALI/ TO V9DICATE HIS DOCTR9E BY APPLY+ IT CONSI/5TLY TO ! TREATM5T ( ALL ANIMALS4 ,CONF9+ IT TO \R [N SPECIES IS TOO ,EGOI/IC TO BE DEEM$ PURE ,MORALISM4 ,I %ALL BE V]Y MU* SURPRIS$ IF ANY SU* PRACTICAL RESPONSE COMES AS TO DISPROVE MY NEW V]SION ( SCRIPTURE1 :I* SAYS ?AT ! ,MORAL K+DOM ( HEAV5 IS 9ACCESSIBLE TO M5 ( ORD9>Y SANITY4 ,:O WILL REJOICE TO SEE ! GRAS%OPP] GETT+ HIS FILL1 & KEEP SACRILEGI\S H&S \T ( ! H5'S NE/8 ,:O WILL FE$ ! LAMBS & NEI!R FE$ UPON @9LAMB NOR WRAP 9 WOOL5 BLANKETS1 = CONSCI5CE SAKE8 ,ONE ,MORALI/ HAS ONE HOBBY & ANO!R HAS ANO!R HOBBY1 BUT IF !RE BE ONE :O PROPOSES TO LIVE A LIFE ( SELF-D5IAL = ! HAPP9ESS ( ALL O!R S5TI5T BE+S AS F> AS !Y >E CAPABLE ( EXP]I5C+ PLEASURE1 TO RESPECT !IR LIB]TY & EMBRYONIC (FSPR+ AS CONSCI5TI\SLY AS ANY ,MORALI/ DOES ?OSE ( HIS [N SPECIES1 ,I %ALL REG>D HIS APPE>ANCE UPON ?IS SC5E AS ! EXCEPTION :I* WILL V]Y /RIK+LY ILLU/RATE ! RULE 9 9DIVIDUAL CONDUCT1 & ,I %ALL BE GLAD TO HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY ( LE>N+ H[ HE MANAGES TO LIVE4  

 ,I,X  

 ,IF SELF-R5UNCIATION BE A VIRTUE1 C]TA9LY IT IS ! PUR] :5 ! SACRIFICE IS MADE = 9DIVIDUALS ( ANO!R & WIDELY DIFF]5T SPECIES4 ,9 C>+ = \R [N SPECIES WE MAY OBTA9 A RETURN1 & WE CAN *]I% ! IMAG9ATION !RE( IF IT SEEMS IMPROBABLE2 & SO IT IS 9 C>+ = ONE ( ANY O!R SPECIES BETWE5 :I* & \RSELVES !RE IS SOME COMMUNICATION ( MUTUAL 9TELLIG5CE & MUTUAL SYMPA?Y2 BUT IF A MAN WANTS TO %[ PURE DIS9T]E/$NESS LET HIM SACRIFICE HIS PLEASURE1 HIS COM=T & HIS LIFE = O!R SPECIES ?AT WILT NEI!R UND]/& NOR RETURN ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( B5EVOL5CE4 ,SU* A SUP]NAL ,ALTRUI/ WILL REJECT CLEANL9ESS AS A S91 IF CONV9C$1 AS HE MU/ BE BY ORD9>Y OBS]VATION1 ?AT P>ASITES ?RIVE BE/ ON ! HUMAN BODY :5 !RE IS AN 5TIRE AVOIDANCE ( SOAP & WAT]4 ,SU* A SELF-D5Y+ ,MORALI/ WILL NOT DRESS A W\ND OR PURIFY HIS BLOOD1 = !SE PRACTICES MEAN DEA? TO ANIMALCULES4 ,H]E ,I AM REM9D$ ( A /ORY ( ! DEV\T ,H9DU :O WAS HORRIFI$ ON LOOK+ AT A DROP ( WAT] ?R\< A P[]FUL MICROSCOPE4 ,HE F\ND TO HIS CON/]NATION ?AT HE C\LD NOT DR9K )\T DE/ROY+ LIFE4  

 ,SUP]NAL ,MORALISM %\LD BE VIEW$ SOMETIMES FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( UNIV]SAL ANIMAL MOTIVES & CONDUCT1 EXCLUD+ ! IDEA ( SELFLESSNESS4 ,IF ! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/ BE NOT AN EMPTY PHRASE1 SUP]NAL ,MORALISM IS AN EXCESSIVELY SILLY 9SANITY4 ,! 0SACR$NESS0 ( ! G]MS ( HUMAN LIFE IS IMPRESS$ UPON ! M9D ( ! DEVOTEE ( ,MORALISM1 & 9 SOME CASES ! RESULT IS ?AT A *ILD IS BORN AS ! (FSPR+ ( RAPE4 ,! SIMPLE1 PI\S PEOPLE MAY WOND] ?AT 0,GOD0 CAN ASSI/ 9 GIV+ EFFECT TO CRIME4 ,! SUP]NAL ,MORALI/ :O PRIDES HIMSELF ON SCI5TIFIC ACQUIREM5TS MAY WELL FEEL CONFUS$ :5 A HYBRID =M APPE>S AS A PRACTICAL COMM5T>Y UPON ! ALLEG$ 0SACR$NESS40  

 ,SPIRITUAL T]ROR1 ! /RANGE/1 MO/ MELAN*OLY PH5OM5ON 9 HUMAN MOTIVE1 IS ESS5TIALLY ! SAME 9FLU5CE1 :ILE IT LA/S1 9 ! MAN OR WOMAN CLAIM+ TO BE EMANCIPAT$ FROM !OLOGICAL DOGMAS1 AS 9 ! BELIEV] 9 ?OSE DOGMAS4 ,IT USUALLY REMA9S AFT] ITS G5]ALLY SUPPOS$ ROOT IS DE/ROY$1 9 ! ,AGNO/IC1 LIKE AN AIR-PLANT4 ,?IS 9DICATES ?AT ITS F\NDATION IS NOT PRECISELY :]E SOME ANTI!OLOGICAL WRIT]S SUPPOSE4 ,M]E DISBELIEF 9 ,JEHOVAH MAY LEAVE ! AGNO/IC M9D SUBJECT TO FIX$ IDEAS ( A MO/ IRRATIONAL *>ACT]4 ,! BELIEF 9 ,JEHOVAH 9 ! FIR/ PLACE OCCUPI$ AN IGNORANT M9D & :5 ?AT BELIEF IS EXPELL$ NEI!R IGNORANCE NOR FE> IS ALTOGE!R BANI%$4 ,!RE IS SOME IMPROVEM5T 9 ! PROSPECT = POSITIVE ,EGOI/IC ?\<T & S5TIM5T TO OCCUPY ITS [N4 ,!RE REMA91 H[EV]1 NUM]\S FIX$ IDEAS ( ,DUTY TO ,SOCIETY1 ,DUTY TO ! ,/ATE1 ,DUTY TO ,HUMANITY1 & SU* RUBBI%1 :I* >E F]TILE ( 9TOXICAT+ & P>ALYZ+ 9FLU5CES1 & \R TALK+ ,FREE?9K]S 9 G5]AL /ILL %UDD] TO CONTEMPLATE A P]SON UNCONTROLL$ BY SU* 0RE/RA9+ 9FLU5CES40 ,!Y IMAG9E1 AFT] ALL1 ?AT HE WILL GO TO ! DEVIL OR RUN AMOK )\T MORAL 0RE/RA9T40 ,! TRIUMPH ( SANITY1 !N1 LIES NOT 9 ! EXPULSION ( ANYONE =M ( 9SANITY1 BUT 9 ! ACQUISITION ( AN ,EGOI/IC CONSCI\SNESS & SELF-CONTROL4  

 ,X  

 ,UND] ! HEAD ( ,RELIGION ,WEB/]'S DICTION>Y SAYS3 0,AS DI/+UI%$ FROM MORALITY1 RELIGION D5OTES ! 9FLU5CES & MOTIVES TO HUMAN DUTY :I* >E F\ND 9 ! *>ACT] & WILL ( ,GOD1 :ILE MORALITY DESCRIBES ! DUTIES TO MAN1 TO :I* TRUE RELIGION ALWAYS 9FLU5CES40 ,GRANT$ BELIEF 9 A P]SONAL RUL]1 SUBMISSION TO HIS WILL IS PRUD5CE & PRUD5CE IS ,EGOI/IC4 ,) ?IS CONCEPTION ! DUTY SPOK5 ( IS NOT MY/]I\S3 IT IS S]VICE BY A SUBJECT1-! SLAVE'S SUBMISSION TO ! P[] :I* HE FE>S4 ,HE BELIEVES ?AT ! SOV]EIGN RUL] HAS LAID UPON HIM SPECIAL COMM&S FAVOR+ HIS SPECIES & !RE=E HE MU/ TREAT M5 BETT] ?AN O!R ANIMALS4 ,IF ?IS BELIEF BE AN ]ROR1 /ILL !RE IS NO L9E TO BE DRAWN BETWE5 ! ALLEG$ DUTY & HIS 9T]E/4 ,!RE IS NO DIS9T]E/$NESS OR G5]OSITY 9 RELIGI\S DUTY OR MORAL DUTY1 OR SAY RA!R 9 DUTY TO ,GOD OR MAN1 = BO? >E ULTIMATELY DUTY TO ! SUPPOS$ HEAV5LY MA/]4  

 ,BUT ,MORALI/S1 HAV+ GA9$ SOME RATIONAL IDEAS ( MUTUAL RELATION1 :ILE UNHAPPILY IGNOR+ ! FACT ?AT !SE IDEAS >E ! PROP] F\NDATION ( WILL+LY ASSUM$ MUTUAL DUTIES1 FANCY ?AT !Y HAVE DISCOV]$ ! JU/ICE ( ! ALLEG$ DIV9E COMM& OR WILL1 :I* IS NO?+ BUT A REFLECTION ( !IR [N ?\<TS1 & !NCE=? !Y FALL UND] ! HALLUC9ATION ( MY/IC ,DUTY1 9DEP5D5T ( EI!R CALCULATION OR PLEASURE4 ,IT IS ONE TASK ( ,EGOI/IC PHILOSOPHY TO ANALYZE ?IS NOTION ( !IRS AS A CONFUSION ( IDEAS4 ,!Y GO SO F> 9 SOME 9/ANCES AS TO DISMISS BELIEF 9 A MORAL LAWGIV] ( ! UNIV]SE & YET REMA9 UND] ! SAME FASC9ATION TO ,DUTY AS IF !Y HAD HIM1 & HIS WILL W]E EQUITABLE1 & !IR S]VILITY W]E SWALL[$ UP 9 ADMIRATION ( HIS JU/ICE4 ,:AT !Y LACK IS ! 9SI<T TO P]CEIVE ?AT CONDUCT :I* MAKES = ! GOOD ( ! SPECIES IS NATURALLY AGREEABLE TO ! FEEL+ ( EA* WELL DEVELOP$ 9DIVIDUAL1 H5CE ?AT ! CONCEPTION ( ,DUTY IS SKEPTICISM AS TO SPONTANEITY4 ,! FIX$ IDEA ( ,DUTY UNRELAT$ TO 9T]E/ & NOT R$UCIBLE TO CALCULATION1 >ISES BY AB/RACTION & FASC9ATION LIKE O!R AB]RATIONS REVIEW$ 9 PREC$+ PAGES4 ,IT REA*ES CLE> 9SANITY 9 SELF-SACRIFICE IF ?IS OCCUR 9 UNREASON+ EC/ASY4  

 ,( C\RSE ONE SELF-9FLICT$ PA9 ( SOME P>TICUL> K9D OR EV5 DEA? IS SOMETIMES *OS5 9 ORD] TO T]M9ATE ANGUI% :I* NONE BUT ! SUBJECT CAN APPRECIATE4 ,9 SU* CASES ! ACTION IS ,EGOI/IC1 ?\< IT MAY BE ( A T]RIBLY IGNORANT SORT1 AS = EXAMPLE1 :5 ! CAUSE ( ! PA9 IS AN IMAG9>Y OBJECT OR SU* A REAL RELATION AS IS HUMILIAT+ TO ! P]SON'S FEEL+ ONLY BECAUSE ( IRRATIONAL NOTIONS AB\T IT4  

 ,IF MORALITY BE REG>D$ FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! SOCIAL UTILIT>IAN1 AS ?AT C\RSE ( CONDUCT :I* PROMOTES ! WELF>E ( ! SPECIES1 IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO REPEAT ?AT ! SPECIES ACTS AS ,EGOI/ICALLY AS IT CAN4 ,IT *E]FULLY SACRIFICES 9DIVIDUALS TO ITS [N WELF>E4 ,IT HAS A SUBTLE ECONOMY ( MEANS 9 PLANT+ ,ALTRUI/IC CONCEITS 9 ?OSE ?AT >E WILL+ TO 5T]TA9 !M4 ,:5 9TELLIG5CE COMES TO RECOGNIZE MUTUAL 9T]E/S ?IS 9/9CTIVE TRICK]Y ( SOCIAL 9FLU5CE WILL VANI%1 NO LONG] SEEM+ TO BE NE$$4  

 ,AS = ! VIRTUES1 SU* AS B5EVOL5CE1 EV]Y OBS]V+ P]SON KN[S ?AT WE SEEK TO GET RID ( PA9FUL IMPRESSIONS4 ,SU*1 USUALLY1 >E ?OSE ( SUFF]+ 9 O!RS4 ,MANY WRIT]S HAVE PO9T$ \T H[ PITY IS /IRR$ BY ! SI<T ( WA/$ BODIES & HE>+ ! CRY ( PA91 & H[ MU* WEAK] IT IS :5 ONLY AN ORD9>Y DESCRIPTION IS GIV5 ( ! OCCASION2 ALSO H[ MU* MORE READY ! POOR >E TO HELP O!R POOR PEOPLE ?AN ! RI* >E4 ,:AT HAS P]HAPS NOT BE5 SO G5]ALLY OBS]V$ IS ! REASON = ?IS1 VIZ41 ?AT ! RI* DO NOT FEEL ?AT !Y >C LIKELY TO NE$ ALMS1 :ILE ! POOR >E ON ! $GE ( SU* NE$4 ,!RE IS QUITE 5\< 9 ! DIFF]5CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES TO MAKE IT 9/RUCTIVE1 AL?\< AT ! SAME TIME1 P]SONAL *>ACT] V>Y+ 9 SUSCEPTIBILITY1 IT IS D\BTLESS TRUE ALSO ?AT ?OSE MO/ 9CL9$ TO B5EVOL5CE >E MO/ LIKELY TO BE POOR 9 A SOCIETY LIKE \RS1 :]E MONEY IS SUPPOS$ TO GR[ BY L5D+ & PR(ITS >E CONSOLIDAT$ FROM ! RESULTS ( UNPAID LABOR4  

 ,X,I  

 ,! SUGGE/ION HAS BE5 HE>D ?AT IF ALL ACTS >E ,EGOI/IC ?IS T]M HAS NO DI/9CTIVE MEAN+4 ,! SAME ?+ HAS (T5 BE5 SAID AS TO 0MATT]0 :5 ! ,MAT]IALI/ HAS AFFIRM$ ?AT !RE IS NO 0SPIRIT10-NO OPPOSITE ( MATT]4 ,MATT] !N BECOMES SYNONYM\S SIMPLY ) EXI/5CE4 ,! ,MAT]IALI/ REPLIES ?AT HE IS CONT5T ) ! CONCLUSION ?AT !RE IS NO ALLEG$ EXI/5CE UNRELAT$ TO O!R & KN[N EXI/5CE2 NONE EXEMPT FROM MANIFE/ATION ACCORD+ TO A REGUL> ORD] OR SUBJECT TO ! 9H]5T LAW ( ITS BE+1 TO SPEAK ACCORD+ TO APPE>ANCES4 ,!RE IS A REGUL> ORD] ( SUCCESSION ( PH5OM5A4 ,! ,SPIRITUAL !ORY ASS]TS A BREAK 9 :AT IS POPUL>LY CALL$ 0! REIGN ( NATURAL LAW10 ,MAT]IALISM D5IES SU* ASS]TION & EXI/S AS A DI/9CTIVE ISM TO D5Y & DISPROVE IT4 ,?IS /ATEM5T WILL 9DICATE 9 P>T :AT IS ! PROP] REPLY :5 IT IS *>G$ ?AT ,EGOISM IS ALMO/ MEAN+LESS IF IT EMBRACES ALL ACTS4 ,IT WAS BELIEV$ ?AT A MAN ACT$ DIS9T]E/$LY4 ,CLOS] EXAM9ATION F9DS ! MOTIVE & ! =M ( !IR 9T]E/4 ,?US A P>ALLEL TO ! PROGRESS MADE FROM ! TIME :5 M5 BELIEV$ 9 MIRACLES TO ! TIME :5 !Y HAVE LE>N$ 5\< ( NATURAL LAW TO EXPEL ! =M] BELIEF4  

 ,BY REF]R+ TO ! DEF9ITION ALREADY GIV5 ( ,EGOISM IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT IT COV]S A !ORY AS WELL AS FACTS4 ,IF EV]Y ACT ( EV]Y ANIMAL W]E P]FECTLY ,EGOI/IC1 NEV]!LESS ! DEM&S ( 9TELLIG5CE W\LD NOT BE SATISFI$ )\T UND]/&+ ! PH5OM5A1 :I* >E EXPLA9$ ACCORD+ TO NATURAL LAW AS REACTIONS ( 9DIVIDUAL WILL TO MOTIVES PRES5T$ 9 CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,TO ACT ,EGOI/ICALLY IS UNIV]SAL1 BUT TO BE 9 P>T IGNORANT ( ! FACT SEEMS TO BE ALSO NE>LY UNIV]SAL4 ,! !ORY ( ,EGOISM HAS ITS OPPOSITE 9 ! !ORY ( ,ALTRUISM1 EVID5TLY JO9$ TO ,SPIRITUALISM BY IGNOR+ & D5Y+ ! NECESS>Y SEQU5CE 9 PH5OM5A4 7,I MAKE NO ALLUSION TO MOD]N ,SPIRITUALISM1 :I* PR(ESSES TO BE ,MAT]IALI/IC47  

 ,BUT BEYOND ?IS IT CAN BE FIRMLY SAID ?AT UNTIL ! ,EGOI/IC !ORY IS UND]/OOD & HAS HAD ITS FULL 9FLU5CE UPON *>ACT]1 ?OSE IRRATIONAL ACTIONS WILL CONT9UE :I* >E ! FRUIT ( ]ROR1 ILLUSION1 FASC9ATION1 FIX$ IDEAS1 R5D]+ ! 9DIVIDUAL PRACTICALLY NOT AN ,EGO1 NOT 9 ! POSSESSION ( HIS FACULTIES1 H5CE !RE WILL BE1 AS !RE >E1 ACTIONS NOT PROP]LY ,EGOI/IC1 BUT 9SANE1 ?\< NOT G5]ALLY SO UND]/OOD4 ,?US ! ,EGOI/IC !ORY HAS A PRACTICAL PURPOSE4 ,! HALF 9SANE1 ?AT IS TO SAY ALL WOR%IP]S1 RELIGI\S1 POLITICAL OR P]SONAL1->E TO COME TO CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR 9DIVIDUALITY & BECOME :OLLY SANE4 ,AS TO SUBMISSIVE ACTIONS P]=M$ SIMPLY UND] FE> OR HOPE1 !IR ,EGOI/IC *>ACT] IS QUITE CLE>4  

 ,X,I,I  

 ,! WORD RI<T HAS ! SAME FUNDAM5TAL MEAN+ AS /RAI<T4 ,:5 NO OB/ACLE /&S OR LIES BETWE5 AN ANIMAL & ! OBJECT ( ITS DESIRE1 ! %ORTE/ WAY1 :I* IS A /RAI<T L9E1 IS ! WAY ! ANIMAL TAKES TO REA* ! OBJECT2 BUT :5 APPROA* BY A RI<T L9E IS IMPRACTICABLE ! NE>E/ KN[N PA? IS *OS51 ALL CONSID]ATIONS SU* AS SAFETY BE+ WEI<$ ACCORD+ TO 9TELLIG5CE4 ,?IS IS !N ! L9E ( LEA/ RESI/ANCE1-! ONE MO/ APPROXIMAT+ 9 CONV5I5CE TO A RI<T L9E4 ,! RI<T H& IS SO NAM$ BECAUSE USUALLY ! /RONG] & MORE S]VICEABLE4 ,A MAN'S RI<T IS HIS /RAI<T WAY TO ! SATISFACTION ( HIS DESIRES1 & HE TAKES NO O!R WAY EXCEPT UND] ADV]SE CIRCUM/ANCES OR HALLUC9ATION4  

 ,IT WILL BE OBJECT$ BY ,MORALI/S ?AT SU* AN EXPOSITION ( RI<T R$UCES IT TO NO?+ BUT MI<T4 ,9 ?IS 9F]5CE !Y >E CORRECT1 BUT !IR OBJECTION DOES NOT DI/URB ,EGOI/IC PHILOSOPHY1 :I* REG>DS !IR ALLEG$ SUP]NAL1 SACR$ ,RI<T AS A SUP]/ITION4 ,I HAVE A RI<T TO DO :AT ,I CAN TAKE & OP5LY KEEP1 & ANO!R HAS A RI<T TO TAKE IT FROM ME IF HE CAN4 ,?OSE1 H[EV]1 :O BELIEVE ?AT A SUP]IOR AU?ORITY HAS LAID D[N A RULE TO :I* !Y MU/ CON=M1 WILL TAKE UP ?AT RULE OR LAW AS !Y UND]/& IT1 & !IR IDEA ( RI<T WILL BE ?AT ( CON=MITY TO ! COMM& ( ! AU?ORITY4 ,! ,MORALI/ IS UND] AN IMPRESSION ?AT 9/EAD ( PURSU+ HIS [N PLEASURE HE HAS TO FULFILL A PURPOSE :I* MAY BE AT V>IANCE ) HIS PLEASURE4 ,HIS CONCEPTION ( ,RI<T IS NOT AN ,EGOI/IC CONCEPTION4 ,HE HAS SURR5D]$ HIMSELF1 & ) HIMSELF HIS ,[N RI<T1 & HAS BEGUN TO S]VE AN AB/RACTION4 ,HE IS 9 ! WAY TO COMMIT GREAT FOLLY & WRONG TO HIMSELF4 ,TO ! ,MORALI/ ,RI<T & ,WRONG >E TWO FIX$ IDEAS1 =EV] 9 OPPOSITION 9 ALL S5SES4 ,TO ! 9TELLIG5T ,EGOI/ !Y >E TWO WORDS G5]ALLY P]V]T$ FROM !IR MEAN+ & US$ AS SC>ECR[S4 ,!RE IS A FREQU5T CLA% BETWE5 ! RI<T ( ONE & ! RI<T ( ANO!R1 & !Y FI<T IT \T4 ,IT IS SETTL$ BY ! TRIUMPH ( ONE & ! DEFEAT ( ! O!R4 ,MAX ,/IRN] 9 HIS MAT*LESS BOOK1 ,D] ,E9ZIGE UND SE9 ,EIG5?UM 7,! ,9DIVIDUAL & HIS ,PROP]TY71 SAYS3 ,I/ ES MIR RE*T1 SO I/ ES RE*T 7,IF IT SUITS ME1 IT IS RI<T47 ,! ,MORALI/ W\LD SAY3 IF IT BE RI<T = ME2 ?US IMPLY+ ?AT HE IS UND] SOME MY/]I\S AU?ORITY4 ,! ,EGOI/ W\LD NOT USE ! LATT] PREPOSITION EXCEPT :5 RECOGNIZ+ SOME LAW OR DEF9ITE >RANGEM5T :I* PRESCRIBES C]TA9 RI<TS4 ,:5 ,I SAY3 0IF IT BE RI<T = ME-10 ,I ADMIT AN AU?ORITY4 ,N[ 9 FACT ,I MU/ (T5 ADMIT ONE-1 ?AT IS A P[]1 BUT ,I ADMIT IT SIMPLY AS A P[]1 NOT AT ALL AS ! ,MORALI/ ADMITS IT4 ,I DO NOT B[ D[N TO IT 9 MY ?\<T OR REG>D IT AS ANY?+ BUT AN 5EMY TO MY FRE$OM1 & IF IT CEASE TO ASS]T ITS P[] & TO COMPEL ME BY P5ALTY OR ! PROSPECT ( P5ALTY1 ,I ASS]T MY FULL P[] TO DO MY [N PLEASURE & NO?+ BUT MY [N PLEASURE4 ,! ,MORALI/ CONS5TS TO S]VE AS HIS [N JAIL]2 NOT SO ! ,EGOI/4 ,ASS]T Y\R RI<T1 Y\R P[]1 Y\R PLEASURE4 ,I CLAIM NONE ( ?AT1 ,I ASS]T MY [N4 ,I APPEAL TO NO ,MORAL LAW ( ! WORLD4 ,I RECOGNIZE NONE4 ,WE %ALL F9D \R 9T]E/S CO9CIDE OR WE %ALL GIVE EA* O!R BATTLE OR WE %ALL /E] CLE> ( EA* O!R1 ACCORD+ TO CIRCUM/ANCES4  

 ,9 WORDS Y\ CAN ASS]T MY RI<T1 BUT :5 Y\ ATTEMPT TO DO SO 9 DE$S Y\ SUCCE$ ONLY 9 ASS]T+ Y\R [N RI<T4 ,I ALONE CAN PROVE MY RI<T BY DE$S4  

 ,! ,MORALI/ PRET5DS TO BE UND] AN OBLIGATION TO RESPECT ! RI<TS ( O!RS & NEV] DO !M ANY WRONG2 BUT HE DEF9ES !IR RI<TS & DOES NOT ALL[ !M ALL !IR RI<TS4 ,HE ABDICATES HIS [N & CRIPPLES !IRS & !N FLATT]S HIMSELF ?AT ! MUTILATION & EFFACEM5T CON/ITUTE SUP]IOR ,RI<T4 ,HE PROTE/S AGA9/ ,EGOISM BECAUSE IT WRONGS HIS SY/EM4 ,AT TIMES HE IMAG9ES ?AT ! ,EGOI/ MU/ TALK 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ,MORALISM & MU/ MEAN ?AT 9 ACT+ ) ,EGOI/IC RI<T ! ,EGOI/ W\LD PRET5D NOT TO DO WRONG TO ANO!R2 :]E9 ! ,MORALI/ BECOMES ABSURD1 = ! ,EGOI/ DOES NOT PRET5D ?AT HE CAN ALWAYS EX]CISE HIS RI<T )\T WRONG TO ANO!R4 ,IT IS A MATT] ( EXP$I5CY ) ! ,EGOI/ :AT WRONG TO ANO!R HE %ALL DO4  

 0,RI<T WRONGS NO MAN10 EXCLAIMS ! L&LORD1 & DRIVES ! T5ANT \T ( A H\SE4 ,! 9CLEM5T WEA!R BEATS UPON ! UN%ELT]$1 & !IR N]VES >E WRUNG4 ,! L&LORD EX]CISES HIS RI<T1 BUT LIES MORALI/ICALLY4  

 ,! WORD WRONG IS A V>IATION UPON ! PA/ P>TICIPLE ( ! V]B TO WR+1 TO TWI/4 ,VICTOR & VANQUI%$ >E TWO1 & ! ,MORALI/ SIMPLY LOOKS AWAY FROM ! FACTS ( LIFE :5 HE PREA*ES A UNIV]SAL NATURAL ,RI<T & IGNORES 9DIVIDUALS ) !IR V>I\S WANTS & P[]S & ! PROBABILITY ?AT :AT IS GOOD TO ONE MAY 5TAIL SOME ILL UPON ANO!R4  

 ,BUT ! SPECIES8 ,! ,MORALI/1 DRIV5 FROM ! =M] POSITION ( A DIV9ITY ORD]+ ALL ?+S 9 H>MONY 9 ! WORLD1 OR AT LEA/ ! CONCEIT ?AT HIS [N SPECIES IS FAVOR$ AT ! EXP5SE ( ALL BEL[ IT1 & ?IS NOT BY ITS 9TELLIG5CE BUT BY A DIV9E DECREE >BITR>ILY MAK+ ! SPOLIATION ( ! WORLD & RULE OV] 9F]IOR ANIMALS ,RI<T1 TAKES REFUGE 9 A BELIEF ?AT ! WELF>E ( ! SPECIES MAY GIVE ,MORAL LAW TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,H5CE ! DOGMA ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL EXI/S = ! SPECIES4 ,W]E IT SO1 ! 9DIVIDUAL MI<T 9SI/ UPON EXI/+ AT ANY CO/1 ASSUM+ ?AT HE IS :AT HE KN[S BE/ ( ! SPECIES1 & ?AT HIS /UBBORN WILL MI<T PROBABLY BE A PROVISION = ! SPECIES4 ,?AT IS ,RI<T1 SAYS ! ,MORALI/1 :I* BE/ S]VES ! SPECIES4 ,& :AT BE/ S]VES ! SPECIES8 ,! ,MORALI/ WILL G5]ALLY REPLY2 0?AT :I* IS ,RI<T10 ?US COMPLET+ A LITTLE CIRCLE 9 DOGMATISM4 ,NATURE1 H[EV]1 SEEMS TO SAY ?AT SPECIES SURVIVE BY ! SURVIVAL ( !IR 9DIVIDUALS4 ,! ,EGOI/ WILL F9D 9 HIMSELF C]TA9 LOVES & AV]SIONS1 & HE MAY ?9K ?AT ! SPECIES IS TAK+ C>E ( ITSELF JU/ 9 PROPORTION AS HE IS FOLL[+ ?OSE PA?S :I* GIVE HIM SATISFACTION4  

 ,! ,MORALI/1 BECOM+ MORE PHILOSOPHICAL1 SUGGE/S ?AT ! W> ( 9T]E/S WILL CEASE AS M5 UND]/& !IR SIMIL> NE$S & ! POSSIBILITY ( MUTUAL B5EFIT1 H5CE WRONGS 9 ! SPECIES MAY BECOME FEW] OR CEASE4 ,) ALL \R HE>T1 SAY ! ,EGOI/S1 ONLY Y\ >E NOT TO BEG9 BY SACRIFIC+ US4 ,IF ! LAT] ,MORALISM BE M]ELY A PROPHETIC DREAM ( A H>MONY ( 9T]E/S ?R\< WISDOM1 WE >E NOT )\T HOPE ?AT AT LA/ ! DREAM]S WILL RECOGNIZE 9DIVIDUALITY AS ! CONDITION PREC$5T TO ! FULFILLM5T ( !IR HOPES4 ,! FELL[ FEEL+ 9 ! SPECIES IS A C]TA9 FACT4 ,LET US TAKE IT = :AT WE F9D IT TO BE & NOT ATTEMPT TO PLACE IT 9 ANTAGONISM TO \R 9DIVIDUALITIES4 ,AS !SE >E DEVELOP$ ! NECESSITY WILL APPE> = EA* ONE TO RECOGNIZE SOME:AT ! 9DIVIDUALS ( HIS SPECIES1 & ?US ! 0CLAIMS ( ! SPECIES0 WILL BE RECOGNIZ$4  

 ,X,I,I,I  

 ,SELF-9T]E/ MASKS ITSELF & SAYS SUAVELY 0WE SEEK ! GOOD ( ! SPECIES10 9/EAD ( SAY+ BLUNTLY1 0WE GLADLY PICK UP ALL ?AT O!R 9DIVIDUALS LET SLIP FROM !IR GRASP40 ,>E NOT WE ! SPECIES AS CONTRADI/+UI%$ FROM ANY 9DIVIDUAL8 ,:5 WE GO SO F> AS TO URGE SACRIFICES = ! GOOD ( ! SPECIES :AT >E WE BUT BEGG>S & HYPOCRITES8 ,P]SUASION IS M+L$ FREELY ) FLATT]Y ADM9I/]$ TO ! VANITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & IT IS NOT TO BE IGNOR$ ?AT ! ,MORAL PHILOSOPH] FLATT]S HIMSELF AS HE PROCE$S TO R5D] :AT HE VA9LY IMAG9ES TO BE A S]VICE TO HIS SPECIES4 ,ASSUM+ ! PO9T ( VIEW ?AT HE IS SPOKESMAN = ! SPECIES1 ! DICTUM ?AT ?AT IS GOOD CONDUCT :I* PROMOTES ! 9T]E/S ( ! SPECIES1 IS A SUBTLE M5DICANCY OR A VEIL$ T]ROR 9 ! SUPPOS$ 9T]E/ ( ! CR[D4 ,BUT ASSUM+ AN 9DIVIDUAL PO9T ( VIEW ! QUE/ION IS DIFF]5TLY %AP$4 ,IT !N BECOMES2 :AT USE CAN ,I MAKE ( ! SPECIES1 ( ! CR[D8  

 ,A SUMM>Y ( E?ICAL TEA*+S ( ,H]B]T ,SP5C] SAYS ?AT PO/ULAT+ ! DESIRABILITY ( ! PRES]VATION & PROSP]ITY ( ! GIV5 SPECIES1 !RE EM]GES ! G5]AL CONCLUSION ?AT 09 ORD] ( OBLIGATION ! PRES]VATION ( ! SPECIES TAKES PREC$5CE ( ! PRES]VATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL40 ,! SPECIES HE ADMITS1 0HAS NO EXI/5CE SAVE AS AN AGGREGATE ( 9DIVIDUALS10 & H5CE1 0! WELF>E ( ! SPECIES IS AN 5D TO BE SUBS]V$ ONLY AS SUBS]V+ ! WELF>E ( 9DIVIDUALS10 BUT1 CONT9UES ! SUMM>Y1 0S9CE DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! SPECIES 9VOLVES ABSOLUTE FAILURE 9 A*IEV+ ! 5D1 :]EAS DISAPPE>ANCE ( 9DIVIDUALS MAKES FULFILLM5T SIMPLY SOME:AT MORE DIFFICULT1 '! PRES]VATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MU/ BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! PRES]VATION ( ! SPECIES :]E ! TWO CON#aLICT4' 0  

 ,!RE >E SEV]AL FEATURES ( SOPHI/RY 9 ?IS4 ,LET US1 H[EV]1 NOTE FIR/ ! ADMISSION ?AT 0! SPECIES0 IS SIMPLY A CONV5I5T T]M4 ,N[1 :]E CONFUSION IS POSSIBLE ! SAFE WAY IS TO LAY ASIDE ! T]M4 ,:5 ?IS IS DONE IT WILL BE F\ND ?AT 9 RE/AT+ ! =EGO+ PROPOSITIONS IT BECOMES NECESS>Y TO SPEAK1 9/EAD1 EI!R ( ALL ! 9DIVIDUALS CONC]N$ EXCEPT ONE OR ( ALL ! 9DIVIDUALS CONC]N$1 )\T EXCEPTION4 ,BUT HE HAS SEEM+LY US$ ! T]M SPECIES 9 BO? S5SES OR ELSE1 ) HIS 0ORD] ( OBLIGATION10 HE HAS AFFIRM$ AN OBLIGATION TO SUBORD9ATE ! PRES]VATION ( ONE 9DIVIDUAL TO ?AT ( ANO!R4 ,AS ?IS IS 9TELLIGIBLE = ! PURPOSE ( ! CR[D DEAL+ ) 9DIVIDUALS BUT NOT = ! 9DIVIDUAL ACT+ = HIMSELF ) HIMSELF AS ! VICTIM1 ! IMM$IATE 9F]5CE AT ?IS PO9T IS ?AT ,SP5C] IS EXP\ND+ ! ,EGOI/IC LOGIC ( ! CR[D4  

 ,IF ! WELF>E ( O!RS IS SUBS]V$ ONLY AS SUBS]V+ MY WELF>E1 IT CAN NEV] BE TRUE ?AT ,I MU/ SUBORD9ATE MY PRES]VATION TO ?AT ( O!RS1 = ?IS IS TO DIV]T ! G5]AL RULE1 :I* APPLIES :ILE ,I AM ONE ( ! CR[D1 TO ! EXCEPTIONAL CASE :]E9 ,I AM SET AP>T FROM ! CR[D4 ,ALL CONDITIONS ( B5EFIT IMPLY AT LEA/ PRES]VATION4 ,:5 ,I AM C\NT$ \T = NON-PRES]VATION1 = ! GOOD ( O!RS1 IT MU/ BE ! O!RS1 NOT ,I1 :O DO ! C\NT+ \T4 ,9 ! FIR/ PREMISE ,SP5C] SPEAKS = ! 9DIVIDUAL TREAT+ ! CR[D FROM HIS PROP] MOTIVE2 BUT 9 ! CONCLUSION HE SPEAKS = ! CR[D OR SOME ( ITS PRES]V$ P>T CONTEMPLAT+ ! SACRIFICE ( AN 9DIVIDUAL1 YET !SE %IFT+ PO9TS ( VIEW >E 9CLUD$ 9 A SYLLOGISM4 ,! WELF>E ( ! CR[D A M$IATE 5D3 ?AT IS REASONABLE TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! PRES]VATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL A M$IATE 5D TO ! CR[D2 ?AT IS REASONABLE FROM ! CR[D'S PO9T ( VIEW2 BUT ANALYSIS ( ! DIV]SE PO9TS ( VIEW IS NE$$1 NOT AN ATTEMPT TO L9K ! TWO 9 A SYLLOGISM ! CONCLUSION ( :I* IS M]ELY ! CR[D'S CONCLUSION4  

 ,N[ EXAM9E ! SECOND PREMISE ( ! SYLLOGISM3 0! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! SPECIES 9VOLVES ABSOLUTE FAILURE 9 A*IEV+ ! 5D40 ,:Y1 9 FACT8 ,BECAUSE ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ALL O!RS ( ! SPECIES BUT MYSELF 9VOLVES IT8 ,NOT AT ALL2 BUT BECAUSE ! T]M SPECIES 9CLUDES MYSELF4 ,BUT AS F> AS MY EXI/5CE IS CONC]N$ IT W\LD BE ! SAME IF ,I ALONE DISAPPE>$4 ,DO Y\ SAY3 ! PRES]VATION ( ! ALPHABET IS ( NO USE TO ,A EXCEPT AS ,A COMB9ES ) O!R LETT]S2 BUT ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! ALPHABET W\LD 9VOLVE ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ,A2 H5CE ! PRES]VATION ( ONE LETT] 7,A7 IS LESS IMPORTANT ?AN ! PRES]VATION ( ALL ! O!R LETT]S8 ,! LETT] ,A ANSW]S3 0,BO%60  

 ,SPEAK+ = ! 9DIVIDUAL1 H[ DOES ! DOCTR9E ( SUBORD9ATION ( ! PRES]VATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ACCORD ) EVOLUTION>Y !ORY REG>D+ ! ORIG9 ( SPECIES8 ,DO SPECIES ORIG9ATE BY 9DIVIDUALS TAK+ C>E ( !MSELVES UND] :ATEV] CIRCUM/ANCES1 IF POSSIBLE1 OR BY ! CONTR>Y RULE ( !IR B5EVOL5CE T[>D ! PRE- EXI/+ SPECIES8 ,! READ] CAN PURSUE ?IS 9QUIRY = HIMSELF2 BUT ,I %\LD LIKE TO SUGGE/ ?AT :AT HAS BE5 CONSID]$ REG>D+ ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! SPECIES CAN BE P>APHRAS$ ) REF]5CE TO ! SPECIES & ! G5US UND] :I* IT IS CLASSIFI$1 ?US3  

 ,! WELF>E ( ! G5US IS TO BE SUB S]V$ ONLY AS SUBS]V+ ! WELF>E ( ! SPECIES1 BUT S9CE ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! G5US 9VOLVES ABSOLUTE FAILURE1 :]EAS DISAPPE>ANCE ( P>TICUL> SPECIES MAKES FULFILLM5T SIMPLY SOME:AT MORE DIFFICULT1 !RE=E ! PRES]VATION ( ! SPECIES MU/ BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ! PRES]VATION ( ! G5US :]E ! TWO CONFLICT44 ,! FALLACY ( ?IS SORT ( REASON+ MAY APPE> )\T COMM5T1 9ASMU* AS ! 9DIVIDUAL WILL EASILY MA9TA9 ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! 9T]E/$ SPECIES1 & WILL NOT PRACTICALLY ALL[ HIMSELF TO SLIDE OV] TO ! POSITION ( ! PRESUM+ G5US4 ,A SUPPLEM5T>Y REM>K MAY BE 9DULG$4 ,! G5US NEV] LIC5SES OR 5C\RAGES ! ORIG9ATION ( NEW SPECIES2 BUT !N ! V]BAL SOPHI/RY ( ! G5US W\LD NOT PROVE TO BE A PREV5TIVE4  

 ,I PASS BY ! SMALL OCCASION ( CONFUSION 9 ! USE ( ! WORD 05D10 ! SECOND TIME1 9 ! =EGO+ /ATEM5T4 ,TOTAL FAILURE MAY BE ASSUM$ TO REF] TO FAILURE ( ! ULTIMATE AIM4  

 ,X,I,V  

 ,DUTY IS ?AT :I* IS DUE4 ,I \<T IS ,I [E OR L[$4 ,SOME DUTIES ,I ASSUME = DUTIES ASSUM$ BY O!RS T[>D ME4 ,?IS IS RECIPROCITY4 ,SOME ALLEG$ DUTIES ! ,MORALI/ TELLS ME ?AT ,I \<T TO ACKN[L$GE & P]=M FROM A S5SE ( ,DUTY4 ,IF ,I !N SAY ?AT IT IS A SUP]/ITION HE P]HAPS SEV]S HIMSELF = ! MOM5T FROM ! SUP]/ITI\S CR[D & CLAIMS ?AT IT IS ONLY A G5]ALIZATION1 MEAN+ FITNESS1 SAV+ TIRESOME REPETITION ( ANALYSIS2 IT IS MY 9T]E/ AFT] ALL4 ,HE IS SOME:AT DIS+5U\S H]E1 = IF IT BE ONLY MY 9T]E/ EMBODI$ 9 A ?\<T-SAV+ G5]ALIZATION1 IT WILL BE> ANALYSIS & ALWAYS COME \T AS MY 9T]E/4 ,BUT HE HAS ! 0SOCIAL ORGANISM0 9 M9D1 TO ! PRES]VATION ( :I* MY 9DIVIDUAL WELF>E IS TO BE SUBORD9AT$1 ACCORD+ TO HIS IDEA4 ,! 0SOCIAL ORGANISM0 IDEA HAS CAPTUR$ HIM & HE IS US+ DECOY >GUM5T TO OBTA9 FROM ME A SACRIFICE ( MYSELF TO HIS IDOL1 HIS SPIRITUAL MON/]4  

 ,A MAN IS HIR$ TO DO C]TA9 WORK1 & ?AT IS !N CALL$ HIS DUTY2 OR EX*ANGE ( S]VICES GR[S 9TO A MUTUAL UND]/&+2 ! DEBT IS FIR/ ON ONE SIDE & !N ON ! O!R1 & :AT AT ANY TIME IS EXPECT$1 TO BALANCE ! ACC\NT OR TURN ! SCALE AS USUAL & CREATE ANO!R CLAIM SO AS TO CONT9UE ! MUTUALLY ADVANTAGE\S >RANGEM5T OR UND]/&+1 IS ALSO CALL$ ONE'S DUTY4 ,:]E S]VICE IS COMPULSORY IT IS LIKEWISE CALL$ DUTY4  

 ,MORALISM1 :5 IT HAS GA9$ 5LI<T5M5T 5\< TO REJECT SLAV]Y TO A P]SON1 UND] ! SUBJECTION ( M9D OV]AW$ BY PHYSICAL =CE1 D5IES ?AT ! SLAVE'S DUTY IS ,DUTY4 ,BUT IF ! SLAVE HAS YIELD$ HIS M9D TO HIS MA/] ! PH5OM5ON IS CLE>LY ?AT ( ,DUTY4 ,:5 ! ,EGOI/ IS CONSCRIPT$ HE DOES NOT >GUE ?AT HIS ASSIGN$ DUTY IS NOT ,DUTY4 ,IT IS S]VITUDE CONTR>Y TO HIS 9T]E/1 & ?IS CONSID]ATION IS 5\<4 ,! FACT ?AT SOME SLAVES >E GOV]N$ BY A S5SE ( ,DUTY FURNI%ES ! PLA9E/ EVID5CE ?AT ,DUTY IS M5TAL SLAV]Y4  

 ,BUT ! ,MORALI/ WILL CLAIM = ,DUTY ?AT IT IS NOT ALWAYS M5TAL SLAV]Y4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT HE CAN CONFUSE ! ISSUE BY US+ ! WORD ,DUTY TO DESCRIBE ALL ?OSE HABITUAL ACTIONS 9 ! DO+ ( :I* NO IMM$IATE B5EFIT TO SELF IS ?\<T (2 BUT LET US KEEP TO ! PLA9 S5SE4 ,DUTY IS :AT IS DUE4 ,! DOM9ATION ( A FIX$ IDEA BEG9S :5 ONE ADMITS SOME?+ DUE & YET NOT DUE TO ANY P]SON OR SOME?+ DUE )\T B5EFIT COM+ TO ONE 9 RETURN2 & ( C\RSE :5 A RETURN B5EFIT IS CALCULAT$ UPON ! IDEA IS 9T]E/4  

 ,:5 9T]E/ IS SUBLIMAT$ SO AS TO LOSE SI<T ( SELF IT ASSUMES ! =M ( LOVE 9 ! ABS5CE ( OPPRESSION4 ,EVID5TLY ! PRES5CE ( FE> 9 ! CAUSATIVE CIRCUM/ANCES CORRUPTS ! SUBLIMAT+ PROCESS & RESULTS 9 ! OPPRESSIVE S5SE ( ,DUTY4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE = ! ,MORALI/1 F9D+ A S]IES ( ADMIRABLE ACTIONS :I* >E WELL-NI< P]FECT LOVE OR GRATITUDE1 TO CALL !SE ,DUTY1 ON AN EXAM9ATION :I* WILL %[ ?AT W]E ! DO] TO /UDY HIS CONDUCT HE C\LD F9D 9 IT ! ELEM5TS :I* W\LD S]VE TO CON/RUCT A WISE S*EME ( RECIPROCAL DUTIES4 ,IF ! ,MORALI/ TALKS ( ,DUTY :5 ! FACT IS SPONTANEITY1- :E!R GRATITUDE1 LOVE1 OV]FL[+ PRIDE OR G5]OSITY ADVANC+ TO AID ALL ?AT IS SE5 TO MAKE = \R GOOD1 HE TALKS AT R&OM4 ,HIS SY/EM ( ?\<T HAS PR$ICAT$ ?AT M5 NE$ TO BE CONTROLL$ BY A S5SE ( ,DUTY4 ,LET HIM /ICK TO ?AT OR LEAVE IT4 ,WE DUTY IT4 ,! DOCTR9E ( HELL-FIRE WAS LONG UPHELD UND] ! SAME IDEA ?AT IT WAS NE$$ TO CONTROL M54 ,MORALI/IC ,DUTY IS ! H>D5$ DREGS ( FE>4 ,G5]OSITY IS ! OV]FL[+ FULLNESS ( A SUCCESSFUL1 SATISFI$ & HOPEFUL 9DIVIDUALITY4  

 0,I \<T0 IS NO /UMBL+ BLOCK TO ! 9TELLIG5T ,EGOI/4 ,TWO P]SONS >E PLAY+ AT DRAFTS & A BY/&] SAYS ( ONE3 0,HE \<T TO HAVE CAPTUR$ ! MAN TO ! LEFT1 NOT ! ONE TO ! RI<T40 ,!RE IS NO S5SE ( MORAL OBLIGATION CONVEY$ 9 ! REM>K4 ,IT IS ASSUM$ ?AT EA* PLAY] IS TRY+ TO W91 & ! WORDS 0HE \<T0 9TRODUCE A SUGGE/ION ( :AT WAS WANT+ TO PRODUCE ! RESULT4 ,A PIRATE 5DEAVOR+ TO CAPTURE A M]*ANTMAN & TAK+ ! WRONG C\RSE W\LD SAY3 0,I \<T TO HAVE SAIL$ ON ! O!R TACK40 ,TO :OM WAS ! OBLIGATION8 ,TO HIMSELF4 ,SO M5 SPEAK ( !IR DUTY TO !MSELVES1 MEAN+ ! ATT5D+ TO SUPPLY+ :AT IS LACK+ TO !IR WELF>E4  

 ,!SE WORDS DUTY & \<T >E NOT WORDS TO BE REJECT$4 ,!Y >E 9 CON/ANT CORRECT USE 9 EV]YDAY LIFE1 & IT IS NOT ! USE ( ! ,MORALI/1 BUT IT CAN BE OBS]V$ ?AT EV]Y HUMBUG POLITICIAN H>PS ON ! 0SACR$ DUTY0 ( ! CITIZ5S TO DO ?IS OR ?AT1 SOME?+ ?AT HE & HIS P>TY >E 9T]E/$ 9 & ?AT HE CANNOT READILY PROVE TO BE TO ! 9T]E/ ( ! CITIZ5S ADDRESS$1 OR HE W\LD DO SO 9/EAD ( TRY+ TO GET !M ) HIM ON AN APPEAL TO 0SACR$ DUTY40  

 ,X,V  

 ,! SUPPOS$ 9W>D MONITOR :I* W>NS ! ,MORALI/ AGA9/ BREAK+ ! SACR$ LAW ( ,RI<T1 AS IT ADMONI%ES ! BELIEV] AGA9/ (F5D+ ,GOD1 IS ?AT :I* 0DO? MAKE C[>DS ( US ALL10 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ! DRAMATI/4 ,?AT IS CONSCI5CE4 ,ONE ?9KS HE KN[S HIS ,DUTY & ) ?IS ?\<T COME VAGUE FE> & SELFREPROA* = NOT HAV+ OBEY$ ! ,MORAL LAW2 NOT SIMPLE FE> 9 ! ,MORALI/1 RA!R A CONFUS$ FEEL+1 BUT A FEEL+ AS CLE>LY DI/+UI%ABLE FROM ! SIMPLE FE> ( CONSEQU5CES AS ,MORALISM IS DI/+UI%ABLE FROM A CALCULATION ( 9T]E/4 ,! DREAD IS AS UNDEF9$ AS ! ,AU?ORITY OR ! REA* ( CONSEQU5CES1 OR BO?1 >E 9DEF9ITE & DIMLY APPREH5D$4  

 ,! FACT ?AT ! DICTATES ( CONSCI5CE >E ! RESULT ( SO-CALL$ 0$UCATION0 7REALLY 9DOCTR9ATION7 IS E/ABLI%$ BY ! /RONGE/ PRO( ON EV]Y H&4 ,EV]Y RELIGION HAS ITS COMM&M5TS & H[EV] ABSURD !Y MAY APPE> TO O!RS ?AN ! BELIEV]S1 CONSCI5CE 5=CES !IR OBS]VANCE4 ,MORALISM CONT9UES 9 A G5]AL WAY ! RELIGI\S T]ROR1 MAK+ HUMANITY OR IT MAY BE MORE BROADLY ANIMAL LIFE ! SACR$ OBJECT4  

 ,EGOISM1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 REG>DS CONSCI5CE AS SUP]/ITION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT BY A SIMPLE ANALYSIS ( ! WORD1 :I* YIELDS CON1 )1 & SCI5CE1 KN[L$GE1 WE CAN HAVE ! DEF9ITION3 ! S5SATION1 S5TIM5T OR REFLECTION REG>D+ \RSELVES :I* ACCOMPANIES KN[L$GE ( \R VOLUNT>Y ACTION4 ,BUT AS AN ,EGOI/ HAS SIMPLY EI!R SATISFACTION OR REGRET & DOES NOT JUDGE HIMSELF BY REF]5CE TO ANY /&>D ( ,DUTY1 HE CANNOT HAVE A GUILTY CONSCI5CE4  

 ,IT IS MO/ TO ! PURPOSE1 !RE=E1 ( ,EGOI/IC PHILOSOPHY TO LOOK 9TO ! MEANS ( DE/ROY+ ! SUP]/ITION HABIT1 = IT IS A NOTORI\S FACT ?AT SELF CONDEMNATION CONT9UES SOME:AT AFT] REASON HAS ASSUR$ ! SUBJECT ( ! ]ROR ( ! DOCTR9E :I* CLAIM$ HIS ALLEGIANCE4  

 ,A SILLY CONSCI5CE IS TO BE EXT+UI%$1 LIKE O!R 9CONV5I5T HABITS1 BY RESOLUTE ACTION4 ,I HAVE KN[N A COMPOSITOR :O SEEM+LY C\LD NOT PLACE A LETT] 9 L9E )\T FIR/ MAK+ AN UNNECESS>Y MOTION ) IT AGA9/ ! SIDE ( HIS COMPOS+ /ICK2 A /ATESMAN :O C\LD NOT OR D>$ NOT GO TO B$ )\T FIR/ PLAC+ HIS BOOTS AS HE ,WORE !M2 A Y\? :OSE REASON REJECT$ ! OR?ODOX ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9ES 9 :I* HE HAD BE5 RE>$ BUT :O HAD QUALMS1 :I* SURPRIS$ HIM1 AB\T /UDY+ ON ,SUNDAY2 AN 9FIDEL :O HAD KILL$ A MAN BUT HAD NO?+ TO FE> FROM ! LAW1 :O NEV]!LESS HAD ! HORRORS 9 HIS DREAMS1 & SEV]AL P]SONS ) FREELOVE IDEAS BUT 9CONSI/5T 9 PRACTICE 9 A WAY ?AT %[$ ! RULE ( !IR OLD CONSCI5CE4 ,SOME ( !SE ?+S WILL /RIKE EV]YONE AS BE+ RIDICUL\S4 ,( ! 9/ANCES CIT$ ONLY ONE DID NOT ADMIT ( CORRECTION BY ,EM]SON'S RULE ( DO+ ! ?+ Y\ FE> TO DO4 ,I FIRMLY BELIEVE ?AT IF ! MAN :O HAD A LIFE ON HIS CONSCI5CE HAD TAK5 ! RATIONAL ME?OD ( DO+ ALL ELSE :I* HE KNEW TO BE S5SIBLE1 HIS M9D W\LD HAVE BE5 MU* /R5G!N$ TO OV]COME HIS TR\BLE ( BLOOD-GUILT9ESS4 ,! ,SUNDAY S*OOL Y\NG MAN REALIZ$ ?AT HIS CONSCI5CE WAS AWRY1 OR ! HABIT ( A SUP]/ITI\S BELIEF1 & 9 A MOD]ATE TIME HE OV]CAME IT4 ,O!RS HAVE HAD SIMIL> EXP]I5CES AS TO BOOKS & CONV]SATION ( A 0BLASPHEM\S0 *>ACT] & BREA*ES ( ! SO-CALL$ LAW ( MORALITY 9 ! SEXUAL RELATION4 ,REASON+ IS WELL 9 ITS PLACE1 BUT ACTION IS NECESS>Y TO MAKE A FREE MAN OR WOMAN :5 ONE HAS BE5 TRA9$ TO HAVE A CONSCI5CE 9 ANY P>TICUL>4 ,I MEAN ONLY ACTION :I* COMB9ES PLEASURE ) SAFETY4 ,IT IS NO P>T ( PHILOSOPHIC ,EGOISM TO PAY MORE = ADVANCEM5T ?AN IT IS WOR?4  

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 ,! ORIG9 ( ! GUILTY CONSCI5CE MAY BE 9 MI%APS1 SU* AS DEFEAT1 CAPTURE & SLAV]Y4 ,:5 M5 FROM EX]CIS+ MA/]Y & EV5 CRUELTY1 >E SUBJECT$ TO ! RULE ( ! /RONG] & MORE W>LIKE1 !IR 5]GIES >E TURN$ 9W>D 9 BITT]NESS AGA9/ !MSELVES4 ,UPON ?IS GNAW+ ( ILL HUMOR COMES ! SUGGE/ION FROM RELIGI\S BELIEF1 ?AT !SE UNCOM=TABLE FEEL+S >E S5T BY ! TRIBAL GOD AS A W>N+4 ,?IS IS READILY BELIEV$ BY PEOPLE :O ALREADY BELIEVE ?AT DEFEAT & MIS=TUNE >E PUNI%M5TS = SOME LAPSE ( DUTY TO !IR DEITY4 ,! *ECK+ ( AN ACTIVE C>E] & HUMBL+ ( ! VANQUI%$ PRODUCES A BILI\S TEMP] & MORBID SPIRIT1 READY = ASCETIC RITES ON MISDIRECTION1 BECAUSE EV] READY TO ATTRIBUTE MIS=TUNES TO SOME?+ O!R ?AN !IR SIMPLE NATURAL CAUSES4  

 ,! GUILTY CONSCI5CE PREC$ES ! GOOD CONSCI5CE4 ,! LATT] IS NO?+ BUT ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! GUILTY CONSCI5CE REMOV$-BY EXPIATION1 ATONEM5T OR H[EV] BELIEFS RUN4  

 ,BE=E ! GUILTY CONSCI5CE !RE WAS ! SPONTANEITY ( ! FREE SAVAGE4 ,AFT] ! GUILTY & ! GOOD CONSCI5CE !RE IS ! S]5ITY ( ! SELF-CONSCI\S1 SOV]EIGN1 9TELLIG5T ,EGO4 ,= CONV5I5CE ,I WILL H]EAFT] SPEAK ( HIM SIMPLY AS ! ,EGOI/4 ,:ILE ALL M5 >E ,EGOI/S 9 SO F> AS !Y >E NOT VISION>IES OR MADM51 NE>LY ALL M5 >E 9 FACT P>TLY BL9D$1 A%AM$ ( !MSELVES1 NOT FULLY POSSESS$ ( !MSELVES4 ,!Y DO ?+S = CONSCI5CE SAKE-,EGOI/IC ME?OD 9 MADNESS2-!Y REJECT RELIGI\S DOCTR9E1 BUT HAVE A 0S5SE ( S920 !Y HAVE A HORROR ( C]TA9 ACTS BECAUSE CONDEMN$ BY A 0MORAL /&>D10 & SO =?4 ,!Y DO NOT EV5 UND]/& ?AT !Y CANNOT BE 0S9N]S0 EXCEPT BY ADMITT+ A RELIGI\S /&>D ( 0RI<TE\SNESS20 ?AT !Y CANNOT BE 0IMMORAL10 WICK$1 )\T ?9K+ AS SA9TS & ,MORALI/S ?9K ( 0GUILT10 0DISOB$I5CE0 9 NATURAL ACTS4 ,!Y CANNOT EV5 CALL !MSELVES ,EGOI/S TO !IR SATISFACTION BECAUSE ! RELIGI\S WORLD HAS BR&$ EV]Y NATURAL IMPULSE AS VILE & 0UNSANCTIFI$20 CONSEQU5TLY ,EGOISM -- SELF-DIRECTION -- AS ! SUM ( ALL VILLA9Y1 & !Y >E HAMP]$ BY ACCEPT+ !IR LANGUAGE FROM ! RELIGI\S WORLD4  

 ,! REAL ,EGOI/ IS NOT EV5 HE :O HAS M]ELY SE5 ?R\< ! *EAT ( ,MORALISM1 BUT HE :O HAS \TGR[N ITS HABITUAL SWAY1 BROK5 ITS SCEPT]1 DESECRAT$ EV]Y %R9E ( SUP]/ITION 9 HIS HE>T OR ELSE BE5 MORE HAPPILY BORN & RE>$ ?AN ONE 9 T5 ?\S& ( ?OSE :O LIVE TODAY OR EV] LIV$4  

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 ,! ,EGOI/ HE>S VOICES SAY+3 0,=GIVE US ,\R S9S40 ,HIS ?\<TS TAKE A HUMOR\S TURN & HE ASKS3 ,:Y DO NOT ! IDIOTS ?9K ( =GIV+ !MSELVES EA* ONE HIS [N S9S8 ,:Y CANNOT !Y BE LIKE ! FA!R8 ,IF 0,I & MY FA!R >E ONE10 ,I CAN DO ! ACTS ( ! FA!R & =GIVE MY [N S94 ,HE :O D>ES NOT SAY3 0,I DO MO/ *E]FULLY =GIVE MYSELF ALL S9S & MISDE$S ,I HAVE EV] COMMITT$ OR %ALL EV] C>E TO COMMIT10 IS C]TA9LY NOT AN ,EGOI/4  

 ,MORALI/S PROP\ND ! QUE/ION3 0,DOES ! 5D JU/IFY ! MEANS80 ,HE :O >GUES ON EI!R SIDE ( IT1 %[S NOT ! QUALITY ( ,EGOISM4 ,IT IS A QUE/ION = ,MORALI/S1 TO BE ANSW]$ BY REF]5CE TO !IR /&>DS ( DUTY4 ,! ,EGOI/ WILL ASK :E!R ! GAME IS WOR? ! P[D] & 9 ?IS S5SE HE C\LD USE ! V]Y WORDS QUOT$ 9 ! QUE/ION2 MEAN+1 H[EV]1 ONLY A P>TICUL> APPLICATION ( MEANS TO A P>TICUL> 5D-A QUE/ION ( EXP5DITURE OR RISK & PROBABILITY ( GA94 ,EV]Y CASE BE+ DECID$ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( ECONOMY OR ( /RATEGY1 ! G5]AL MORAL QUE/ION DISAPPE>S4 ,! ,MORALI/ IS LEFT TO ANSW] HIS [N QUE/ION AS TO :E!R OR NOT HE WILL V5TURE TO BREAK A 0MORAL LAW0 9 ORD] TO ACCOMPLI% :AT HE CONSID]S A MORAL GOOD4  

 ,ANO!R WAY ( PUTT+ \R CRITICISM IS ?AT ! QUE/ION CAN BE P>ODI$3 0,DOES ! EVID5CE W>RANT ! V]DICT80 ,BUT !N1 Y\ SAY1 WE MU/ KN[ :AT V]DICT & :AT EVID5CE >E REF]R$ TO4 ,QUITE SO2 & ! QUE/ION3 0,DOES ! 5D JU/IFY ! MEANS80 IS EQUALLY VOID ( MEAN+ UNLESS WE LE>N :AT 5D IS S\<T & :AT MEANS >E PROPOS$4  

 ,BUT SUPPOSE WE BECOME MORE SPECIFIC & ASK3 0,IS ! KILL+ ( A H]ETIC JU/IFI$ BY ! PROBABILITY ( SAV+ ONE ?\S& S\LS FROM P]DITION80 ,TO ?IS ,I SAY IT CONC]NS ! ,MORALI/1 NOT ! ,EGOI/4 ,9 ORD] TO KILL1 NO JU/IFICATION BE=E ! TRIBUNAL ( CONSCI5CE IS NECESS>Y TO1 SAY1 ! ,EGOI/IC /ATESMAN2 = ?AT IS A PIECE ( SUP]/ITION4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT 0ALL ?+S >E LAWFUL0 = HIM1 0BUT ALL ?+S >E NOT EXP$I5T40 ,! H]ETIC HAS TO ?ANK ! ?\S& O!R H]ETICS = HIS IMMUNITY FROM BE+ KILL$ = H]ESY4 ,A COMMON 9T]E/ UNITES !M 9 SOME MEASURES = SELF-PROTECTION4 ,!IR DANG] IS BUT ! GREAT] BECAUSE FANATICS EXI/ :O 9 ADDITION TO ! BRUTAL 9/9CTS ( MANK9D >E POSSESS$ ) ! IDEA ( A MORAL P>DON+ P[] 5C\RAG+ M5 TO DO VIOL5CE AS A S]VICE1 NOT TO !MSELVES BUT TO A CRE$ ( *UR* OR SOCIETY4 ,! ,EGOI/ WA/ES NO BREA? TO P]SUADE ! FANATIC ?AT ! 5D W\LD NOT JU/IFY ! MEANS4 ,HE KN[S ?AT ! WI% WAS FA!R TO ! ?\<T4 ,! DOCTR9E ( EXCEPTIONAL JU/IFICATION WAS ! 9EVITABLE EXCUSE1 LIKE ! WOLF'S BRIEF REM>KS TO ! LAMB AT ! /REAM4 ,?AT WOLF WAS NOT A NATURAL WOLF1 BUT A MORALIZ+ WOLF2 /ILL1 ALTOGE!R A WOLF 9 FACT4 ,! MORALIZ+ MAN IS LESS FRANK & MORE CUNN+ ?AN ! WOLF4 ,HE W\LD P>ALYZE HIS 5EMIES BY TEA*+ ?AT NOT ALL C\RSES >E 0JU/IFIABLE20 !N :5 !Y SP>E HIM & HE GETS !M 9 HIS P[] HE DOES NOT SP>E !M4 ,! 5D NEV] JU/IFIES ! MEANS :5 A ,MORALI/ IS BE+ HURT2 ALWAYS :5 A ,MORALI/ IS GETT+ ! BE/ ( ! FI<T BY UNUSUAL >TIFICE & USURPATION4 ,! IDEA ( 9JU/ICE  

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 ,! IDEA ( JU/ICE PREC$ES ?AT ( JU/ICE4  ,DR4 ,MAURICE DE ,FLEURY 9 HIS BOOK1 ,L' ,AME DU ,CRIM9EL1 SAYS3 ,ASSUM+ ! LEG5D ( ,CA9 & ,ABEL TO BE TRUE1 ! BRO!RS HAD A QU>REL & :5 ,CA9 /RUCK ,ABEL1 ! LATT] /RUCK BACK4 ,! FI<T CONT9U$ = SOME TIME4 ,JU/ :5 ,ABEL WAS DIRECT+ A BL[1 HIS >M WAS /RUCK & FELL HELPLESS BY HIS SIDE4 ,! IMPULSE TO DELIV] ! BL[ RETURN$ TO ! BRA9 AS CONSCI\SNESS ( PURPOSE FRU/RAT$ & ?IS WAS ! FIR/ S5SE ( ?AT WANT ( CORRESPOND5CE :I* IS CALL$ 9JU/ICE4  

 ,IF AT SU* A JUNCTURE A TREE OR ROCK %\LD HAPP5 TO FALL UPON ! VICTOR OR A LION MAKE HIM HIS PREY1 & ! VANQUI%$ ESCAPE1 ! LATT] W\LD ?ANK A SUPPOS$ PROVID5TIAL 9T]F]5CE1 BUILD AN ALT> & F\ND A WOR%IP4  

 ,\T ( A GREAT NUMB] ( CASES ( HURTS-9JU/ICE-! SUFF]]S BUILD SU* !ORY ( JU/ICE AS CORRESPONDS ) !IR IDEA ( ! SATISFACTION ( !IR DEM&S4  

 0,JU/ RI<T0 IS :AT FITS A PLACE OR CASE4 ,ADJU/M5T & EV5 JU/IFICATION >E WORDS US$ 9 A ME*ANICAL S5SE4 ,JU/ICE1 H[EV]1 CANNOT BE PR$ICAT$ TILL WE COME TO RELATIONS BETWE5 P]SONS4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT 9 ! NOTION OR S5TIM5T ( JU/ICE !RE >E PRES5T TWO ELEM5TS3 FIR/1 FITNESS 9 G5]AL1 AS 9 COMMON ) ACCURACY2 SECONDLY A RECOGNITION ( SOME?+ MORE1 :I* MAY BE ! S5TI5T NATURE ( ! OBJECT4 ,WE DO NOT SPEAK ( 9JU/ICE SAVE :]E !RE IS A POSSIBILITY ( SUFF]+4  

 ,!RE >E A GREAT MANY APPLICATIONS ( ! T]M JU/ICE1 BUT 9 ALL ( !M IT HAS SOME RELATION TO S5TI5T BE+S & TO FITNESS4 ,! DIFF]5CES APP>5TLY SPR+ FROM DIFF]5T /&>DS ( AU?ORITY1 RULES ( PRIVILEGE1 RI<T1 IMMUNITY1 ETC4 ,EV]Y UPRO> AMONG M5 IS A PRO( ( 9JU/ICE1 9 ! SAME WAY AS ! CREAK+ OR SCREE*+ ( A MA*9E IS AN EVID5CE ( P>TS ILL ADJU/$4  

 ,! L\DE/ ADVOCATES ( JU/ICE COMPLAC5TLY OV]LOOK ! FACT ?AT NOBODY EXT5DS JU/ICE TO ! 9F]IOR ANIMALS4  

 ,! ADJU/M5T ( RELATIONS BETWE5 MAN & MAN WILL PROBABLY BE BE/ :]E EA* ONE IS ALIVE TO HIS [N 9T]E/S & CONV5I5CE4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( ?IS CONDITION JU/ICE IS ! W>CRY 9 QUIXOTIC CAMPAIGNS1 ! SUCCESS ( :I* 9 ANY 9/ANCE S]VES TO DE/ROY SOME PRIVILEGE & EMANCIPATE SOME IGNORANT1 HELPLESS FOLK TO BECOME TOOLS ( FANATICS & VICTIMS ( SPECULATORS4 ,! FREE >E ?OSE :O FREE !MSELVES4 ,!SE & !SE ONLY CAN OR WILL DO !MSELVES JU/ICE & !Y >E PREV5T$ FROM DO+ !MSELVES & EA* O!R JU/ICE MO/ ( ALL BY ! PREVAIL+ BELIEF 9 JU/ICE AS A 0RUL+ PR9CIPLE40 ,! MOTTO3 0,LET JU/ICE BE DONE ?\< ! HEAV5S FALL10 IS A P]FECT EXAMPLE ( FANATICISM1 EQUAL TO 9SI/+ ON SOME ONE P]=MANCE1 ?\< ANY AM\NT ( LOSS & SUFF]+ RESULTS4 ,BUT ! V]Y M5 :O H>P ON JU/ICE >E ! ONES :O DELEGATE ! TRIAL & EXECUTION TO FUNCTION>IES *OS5 HAPHAZ>D1 & MAKE A RELIGI\S DUTY ( SUBMITT+ TO 9JU/ICE :5EV] !SE FUNCTION>IES >E IGNORANT1 CORRUPT1 PREJUDIC$ OR MI/AK5 9 !IR JUDGM5T4 ,! IDEA ?AT ANY P]SON MI<T DO HIMSELF JU/ICE1 ?\< NO D\BT EXI/$ ?AT ! ACT W]E JU/ICE1 IS HORRIFY+ TO ! GOOD SOCIALI/S1 BECAUSE ! EXECUTION] WAS NOT APPO9T$ BY SOCIETY4 ,JU/ICE1 !N1 IS A PR]OGATIVE ( SOCIETY1 A FAVOR RA!R ?AN A RI<T1 9 !IR VIEW4 ,!Y BECOME 9VOLV$ 9 P]PLEXITIES4 ,! HEAV5S MAY FALL1 BUT NOT ! DIGNITY ( ! /ATE4 ,!Y D5Y JU/ICE TO SAVE RESPECT = ITS ME*ANISM4 ,AN UNJU/ LAW IS 5=C$ BY ! SAME AU?ORITY :I* 5=CES A JU/ LAW4 ,IT IS 5=C$ ALL KN[+ ?AT IT IS UNJU/1 & BECAUSE IT IS UNJU/1 TO ! 5D ?AT IT MAY BE REPEAL$4 ,SOMEBODY IS MADE A VICTIM ( 9JU/ICE 9 ORD] ?AT BY =CIBLE WRONG1 ?US DONE BY AU?ORITY1 ANO!R BRAN* ( AU?ORITY MAY BE 9DUC$ TO ALT] A DECREE & ISSUE ANO!R DECREE 7:I* WILL BE C]TA9 TO ACCOMPLI% ANO!R WRONG TO SOMEBODY74  

 ,REV5GE IS NOT JU/ICE1 BUT SIMPLY ! IMPULSE TO DO HURT = HURT4 ,IT LACKS MEASURE1 BALANCE4 ,IT IS AT MO/ A PROP5SITY :I* MAKES = ! EXT]M9ATION OR HUMBL+ ( AGGRESSORS4  

 ,! ,EGOI/ DOES NOT WOR%IP JU/ICE4 ,HE RECOGNIZES ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ITS EXI/+ AS A DONATION4 ,! RUL] OR ! SOCIETY :I* DECREES JU/ICE IS ! %EPH]D :O MANAGES HIS FLOCK1 NOT = ! SAKE ( ! FLOCK1 BUT = HIS 9T]E/ 9 IT4 ,! ,EGOI/ AIMS AT ! ACCOMMODATION ( 9T]E/S ACCORD+ TO ! CAPACITY ( ! CONTRACT+ P>TIES4 ,EGOI/ ) ,EGOI/ MU/ RECOGNIZE1 & ON REFLECTION WILL REJOICE AT ! PROSPECT ( A RULE ( NOT TRESPASS+ :]E-HE HAD BETT] NOT4 ,FROM ?IS HE CAN >RIVE AT A POSITION ( COM=T 9 HAV+ ALLIES ( GREAT VALUE TO HIM1 ?R\< !IR NOT BE+ AFFLICT$ ) ANY SUP]/ITION4 ,!Y MULTIPLY HIS P[] & HE ADDS TO !IRS4  

 ,AS TO JU/ICE 9 ! S5SE ( MET+ \T PUNI%M5T TO P]SONS ACCORD+ TO !IR ALLEG$ MORAL DEL9QU5CIES1 ! IDEA GIVES PLACE TO ?AT ( PROTECT+ \RSELVES & S]V+ \R CONV5I5CE4 ,WE MAY SUPPRESS A DANG]\S MADMAN & A DANG]\S SANE MAN AS A MEASURE ( PREV5TION1 NOT HAV+ ! OLD ,MORALI/IC HORROR ( RESPONSIBILITY 9 ! CASE ( \RSELVES DEAL+ ) ! MADMAN1 & NOT HAV+ ! ,MORALI/IC FUROR AGA9/ ! SANE (F5D]4 ,WE NE$ NOT !RE=E RESORT TO CASUI/RY 9 CASE ( SLI<T D\BT IF WE >E DET]M9$ ?AT IT IS UNSAFE TO RISK P]MITT+ EI!R TO LIVE4 ,?US ,EGOI/S WILL NOT LET AN (F5D] (F ON TE*NICALITIES OR SCRUPLES IF !Y DEEM IT NECESS>Y TO EXPEL HIM OR KILL HIM1 & ?US1 TOO1 IF ONE HAS KILL$ ANO!R ! 9QUIRY WILL BE AS TO :E!R OR NOT ! SLAY] M]ELY ANTICIPAT$ AN 9TELLIG5T V]DICT BY A JURY4  

 ,LET US BEW>E ( ! CRAZE = JU/ICE4 ,IT IS ! MASK ( SOCIAL TYRANNY4  ,IT DEM&S A DELEGAT$ AU?ORITY & A PR]OGATIVE 9 ?IS AU?ORITY4  ,?US IT BUILDS A CITADEL ( 9JU/ICE2 SO ?AT ! MAN :O DOES HIMSELF JU/ICE IS DECL>$ BY ! LAW TO BE GUILTY ( A CRIME AGA9/ IT1 ! MONOPOLY ( ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE4  

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 ,:AT ( EQUAL LIB]TY6 ,EGOISM IS 9T]IOR LIB]TY1 :I* ( C\RSE MAKES = EQUAL LIB]TY ( ,EGOI/S4 ,BUT ?IS IS ON ! BASIS ( !IR COMMON ABILITY1 :]EAS DEMOCRACY & >I/OCRACY HAVE A COMMON PR9CIPLE 9 ! AFFIRMATION ( BIR?RI<T3 ,9 DEMOCRACY LIB]TY IS ! SACR$ BIR?RI<T ( EV]Y MAN4 ,9 >I/OCRACY LIB]TY & PRIVILEGE >E ! RI<T ( ?OSE BORN OR ADMITT$ TO >I/OCRATIC RANK4 ,! SPIRIT ( DEMOCRACY IS1 TO FA%ION EA* 9DIVIDUAL ON ITS MODEL1 & 5D[ HIM ) POLITICAL EQUALITY 9 CONTRADI/9CTION TO CLASS PRIVILEGES1 BUT AS A MEMB] ( ! DEMOCRACY 9TO :I* HIS PASSPORT IS HIS HUMANITY1 NOT HIS P]SONAL ASS]TION & DEMON/RATION ( HIS P[] & WILL TO COMM& EQUAL LIB]TY4 ,>I/OCRACY COMM&S ITS MEMB]S TO MA9TA9 !IR RANK4 ,DEMOCRACY COMM&S ITS MEMB]S TO MA9TA9 AN EQUAL /ATUS = ALL4 ,EGOISM AWAITS ! COM+ ( ! FREE1 :O WILL RECOGNIZE EA* O!R1 BUT NOT BY VIRTUE ( ANY BIR?RI<T4  

 ,CONTRA/S BETWE5 M5 AS LIONS & LAMBS1 EAGLES & DOVES1 >E FANCIFUL & OV]DRAWN4 ,NATURE HAS NOT 5D[$ !M ) SU* EXTREME & TRANSMISSIBLE DIFF]5CES ( ORGANISM4 ,:5 !Y %AKE (F OLD BELIEFS & 9DOCTR9ATION & REALIZE !IR P[]S AS 9DIVIDUALS1 EQUAL LIB]TY FOLL[S FROM ! PRACTICALLY EQUAL ASS]TION ( SIMIL> PHYSICAL P[]S 9 SELF-CONSCI\S ,EGOISM4 ,:5 EA* ( US HAS DET]M9$ TO BE AS FREE AS HE CAN1 TO YIELD ONLY TO EFFECTIVE =CE 9 RE/RA9T ( ! LIB]TY HE WILLS TO EX]CISE1 !RE WILL BE MORE LIB]TY & SUB/ANTIALLY EQUAL LIB]TY = US IF WE BE NUM]\S1 EV5 :ILE F> FROM A MAJORITY4  

 ,! IDEA ( LIB]TY = MAN AS ,MAN1 AS SOME?+ TO BE RESPECT$ = ITS [N SAKE1 ?\< ! MAN BE A SLAVI% ANIMAL1 ! SACR$NESS ( ,MAN1 IS A DIFF]5T NOTION ALTOGE!R4 ,:ILE ,I AM1 9DE$1 AN EXAMPLE ( MAN 9 G5]AL1 ,I BASE MY CLAIM TO CONSID]ATION AT ! H&S ( ,EGOI/S ON ! FACT ( MY BE+ ?IS MAN :O CAN BE KN[N TO BE NEI!R TYRANT :OM !Y MU/ COMBAT NOR SLAVE 9CAPABLE ( REQUIT+ !IR AID4 ,I WILL BE A USEFUL ALLY = C]TA9 PURPOSES4 ,I WILL NOT SP5D MY /R5G? 9 CONT5D+ = EQUAL GU>DIAN%IP1 MISCALL$ EQUAL LIB]TY1 BUT ,I WILL SEEK ALLIES LIKE-M9D$4 ,NOT KN[+ :E!R ,I %ALL F9D ONE YOND] 9 A BORN >I/OCRAT OR !RE 9 A TOIL+ PLEBEIAN1 ,I WILL PUT \T ! SIGN ( EQUAL LIB]TY TO EXI/ AMONG ALLIES & ( A READ9ESS TO TAKE ALLIES = EQUAL LIB]TY AS A WORK+ RULE1 NOT AS A RELIGION4  

 ,REPUBLICANS ?9K !Y ABOLI%$ ! COMMUNITY ( PLEBEIANS :5 !Y ABOLI%$ >I/OCRATIC RANK4 ,F> FROM IT4 ,!Y R$UC$ ! >I/OCRATS TO ! PLEBEIAN LEVEL BE=E ! LAW & SET UP AN >I/OCRACY ( (FICE-HOLD]S & ( WEAL?1 :I* TRAFFICS 9 ! MAK+ & ADM9I/RATION ( ! LAWS4 ,EQUAL LIB]TY REMA9S 5TIRELY UNKN[N1 BECAUSE LIB]TY IS UNKN[N AS AN OBJECTIVE REALITY4 ,!RE CAN BE NO LIB]TY ( ACTION TILL IT IS UND]/OOD ?AT EA* ( US F9DS HIS LAW 9 HIS WILL & PLEASURE & ?AT :]E9 \R WILLS & PLEASURES AGREE WE MAKE \R LAW1 :I* WE 5=CE ON O!RS :O COME 9TO \R DOMA91 BECAUSE WE MU/ OR IT IS \R CONV5I5CE SO TO DO1 ,?US ONLY1 LIB]TY & LAW >E SYNONYM\S1 ,BE NOT UNEQUALLY YOK$ TOGE!R ) NON-,EGOI/S4 ,!Y CANNOT MA9TA9 Y\R LIB]TY4 ,Y\R RI<T & LIB]TY1 AP>T FROM :AT Y\ CAN DO = Y\RSELF1 IS ?AT P>T ( Y\R WILL & PLEASURE :I* RECEIVES ! SUPPORT ( ALLIES L5D+ Y\ ! AID ( !IR P[]1 AS !IR RI<T & LIB]TY HAS ! SAME EXT5SION BY RECOGNITION & AID FROM Y\ & O!RS4 ,! ,EGOI/ DOES NOT COMMIT ! MI/AKE ( BATTL+ = EMANCIPATION & 5D[M5T ) P[]1 MISNAM$ EQUAL LIB]TY1 ( A H]D ( HUMAN CATTLE4 ,MORE PRECI\S TO ME ?AN T5 ?\S& ( !SE IS ONE P]SON CAPABLE ( ASS]T+ ALL ATTA9ABLE LIB]TY1 ,/ILL1 ,I CAME FROM ! H]D & BY ?IS & LIKE SIGNS ,I KN[ ?AT ! H]D CONTA9S MY PRECI\S ALLIES 9 ! MAK+1 ,I S5D1 AMONG ?OSE :O CAN HE>1 ! WORD ( AWAK5+4 ,COME TO ME & ,I WILL RECOGNIZE 9 Y\ EQUAL LIB]TY2 ,I WILL GIVE MYSELF1 IF Y\ WILL1 A DUTY T[>D Y\1 TO BE P]=M$ ON PA9 ( LOS+ Y\R E/EEM & SUPPORT4 ,I HAVE ALREADY ! PLEASURE ( SEEK+ & ! HOPE ( F9D+ Y\4 ,LIFE IS WOR? LESS )\T Y\ ?AN IT WILL BE ) Y\1 ,Y\R PRECI\S =CE IS MY /R5G? FROM ! MOM5T ?AT Y\ UND]/& ?AT ,I HAVE NO GREAT] HOPE ?AN 9 Y\R FULLE/ ASS]TION ( Y\R LIB]TY4 ,WE WILL NOT ALL[ ! WORLD TO WAIT = ! OV]MAN4 ,WE >E ! OV]M54  

 ,>I/OCRACY HAS NOT ?AT FASC9ATION = ME ?AT IT HAS = ,F4 ,NIETZS*E4 ,:ATEV] PLEASURE A MAN MAY FEEL 9 WIELD+ P[] 9 ASSOCIATION ) BOLD & /RONG COMPANIONS1 A REFLECT+ MAN MU/ DESPISE AN H]$IT>Y SY/EM :I* IS SUBJECT TO ! FOLL[+ DEFECTS3 ?AT 9 ORD] TO TRANSMIT P[] TO ONE ( HIS SONS HE MU/ CONS5T TO PLACE HIS O!R SONS 9 AN 9F]IOR POSITION2 ?AT HE MU/ AID 9 MA9TA9+ A SPECIAL PR]OGATIVE = ! DEG5]ATE SONS ( HIS ORIG9AL COLLEAGUES2 ?AT HE MU/ GIVE HIS DAU<T]S TO SU* 9F]IOR SCIONS TO BE !IR M>ITAL SLAVES2 ?AT TO SUPPORT ! SY/EM HE MU/ AID 9 EMPLOY+ ?OSE V]M91 ! PRIE/S2 ?AT TO KEEP D[N ! PLEBEIANS HE MU/ SLAY MANY A BRAVE & 9TELLIG5T FELL[ ( PLEBEIAN BIR?4  

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 ,ONE CAN FEIGN A SELFI% MOTIVE TO OBTA9 OPPORTUNITY TO DO AN ACT ( P]SONAL K9DNESS2 ?AT IS1 ONE FEIGNS O!R SELF-9T]E/$ PURPOSE 9 ORD] TO ACCOMPLI% ANO!R SELF-9T]E/$ PURPOSE--TO OV]COME ! PRIDE ( 9DEP5D5CE 9 ANO!R P]SON4 ,A NUMB] ( ! MO/ DELI<TFUL /ORIES HAVE ?IS PO9T4 ,! G5]OSITY :I* ?US DISGUISES ITSELF DIFF]S FUNDAM5TALLY FROM AB/RACT PHILAN?ROPY OR !ORETICAL ,ALTRUISM4 ,! READ] P]CEIVES 9 EV]Y SU* /ORY H[ ?OR\<LY ! G5]\S HE>T 5JOYS ITS SUCCESS 9 AID+ P>TICUL> P]SONS ( M]IT :O HAVE ATTRACT$ ITS GOOD WILL4 ,BUT ONE NEV] FEIGNS A SELFI% 9T]E/ 9 ORD] TO DO A DIS9T]E/$ ACT4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 H[ WELL MANK9D KN[ ?AT HYPOCRITES PR(ESS DIS9T]E/$NESS :ILE !IR AIMS >E SELFI%4  

 ,9 ! G5]\S ACT !RE IS SPONTANE\S1 P]SONAL MOTIVE2 NO DREAD DUTY2 NO B5D+ BE=E A MA/] P[]4 ,DO Y\ SAY ! MA/] P[] IS !RE8 ,WELL1 IT COMES ?R\< ! DO]'S ORGANISM AS A G5IAL IMPULSE1 9T]E/+ HIM1 & SO IS ,EGOI/IC4 ,DO Y\ COMPLA9 ?AT ?US WE MAKE ( ,EGOISM :AT Y\ CALL SELFI%NESS & :AT Y\ CALL UNSELFI%NESS8 ,WE %[ Y\ ?AT !RE IS A COMMON ELEM5T ( G5U9E P]SONALITY1 EV5 ( PLEASURABLE ACTION1 9 BO?4 ,OPPOSITE >E ! ACTS 9 :I* ! P]SON YIELDS HIS WILL1 SUBJUGAT$ BY AN IDEAL1 ! P[]S ( :I* >C AWE1 DREAD & LA%+ DUTY4 ,I DO NOT C>E TO QU>REL AB\T A WORD ) ?OSE :OSE IDEA IS BECKON+-DUTY4 ,IF IT COMES ?R\< MY S5SE ( :AT IS WOR?Y ( ME1 DUE TO FULFILL MY HONOR & DIGNITY1 ?AT TOO IS DI/ILL$ 9 'MY CONSCI\SNESS OR SUBCONSCI\SNESS & IS ( MY ALIM5T & FL[]+ & ( ! FRUITAGE ( MY S5TIM5T1 9TELLECT & WILL-IS ,EGOI/IC4  

 ,X,X,I  

 ,S9CE ! PUBLICATION ( !SE *APT]S BEGAN1 ,I HAVE SE5 9 LIB]T>IAN PAP]S SEV]AL FLIPPANT REM>KS & ATTEMPT$ REFUTATIONS4 ,WE HE> ?AT ,EGOISM IS A V]Y OLD ?+1 :I* IS TRUE2 BUT ?AT IS ONE CAUSE :Y ! S\R CRITICS HAVE MISS$ UND]/&+ IT1 = !Y HAVE GONE TO OLD BOOKS 9 :I* !Y F\ND ! IDEA ( ,EGOISM AS VIEW$ 9 ! LI<T ( ! SCI5CE1 PHILOSOPHY & POLITICS ( PA/ AGES2 OR !Y HAVE GA!R$ OP9IONS FROM SUP]FICIAL WRIT+S4 ,MANY %[ ABSOLUTELY NO UND]/&+ ( ,EGOISM4 ,IT IS AN AFFAIR ( OBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION ( ACTS1 !Y SUPPOSE4 ,?US IF ,I HAVE AN APPLE & EAT IT1 ?AT IS ,EGOISM1 !Y SUPPOSE4 ,IF ,I GIVE ! APPLE TO MY FRI5D1 ?AT IS ,ALTRUISM1 !Y SUPPOSE4 ,H[ SIMPLE6 ,!N ,I1 BE+ AN ,EGOI/ & LIK+ TO SEE SOME ( MY FRI5DS EAT MY APPLES1 MU/ NOT 9DULGE 9 ?IS PLEASURE UNLESS ,I CAN /& C]TA9 P]SONS' *>GES ( 9CONSI/5CY4 ,LET ME GIVE !M A PO9T3 ,I SELECT MY FRI5DS4 ,MY APPLES >E NOT = EV]YBODY TO HELP HIMSELF4 ,LET ME GIVE !M ANO!R PO9T4 ,! MAN :O EATS HIS [N APPLE1 NOT BECAUSE HE LIKES IT1 BUT BECAUSE HE ?9KS IT IS ,EGOI/IC TO EAT IT1 NOT TO TALK ( DUTY1 IS ONLY A DELUD$ ,EGOI/1 BY :I* ,I MEAN ?AT HE HAS MISS$ BE+ AN ,EGOI/ 9 ! DEF9ITE S5SE 9 :I* ,I AM US+ ! WORD 9 !SE CLOS+ *APT]S4  

 ,ONE CORRESPOND5T DEMOLI%ES ,EGOISM ?US3 ?AT ,EGOISM IS ,H$ONISM OR ,EUDEMONISM1 ! PURSUIT ( PLEASURE2 ?AT IT IS ABSURD TO SAY ?AT ! PLEASURE ( PR(ESS+ ,*RI/IANITY \TWEI<$ ! PA9 ( BE+ BURN$ AT ! /AKE2 ?AT H5CE IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT ! PURSUIT ( PLEASURE IS ! GREATE/ MOTIVE4  

 0,! PURSUIT ( PLEASURE10 IS AN EXPRESSION :I* HAS CONVEY$ TO MANY P]SONS ! IDEA ?AT ,EGOISM CONSI/S = ALL M5 9 SATIAT+ C]TA9 APPETITES2 BUT ! TRU? IS ?AT PHILOSOPHICALLY 0PLEASURE0 /&S = SOV]EIGNTY-IS US$ 9 CONTRADI/9CTION TO S]VITUDE4  

 ,EGOI/S DO NOT ACCEPT ! /ATE ( M9D ( A ,*RI/IAN M>TYR AS BE+ NORMAL4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT A CR[N ( GLORY AWAIT$ ?OSE FAI?FUL TO DEA?2 ?AT EXCLUSION FROM ! PRES5CE ( ! ,LORD AWAIT$ ! 0APO/ATE40 ,QUALIFI$ BY !SE BELIEFS UND\BT+LY HELD1 H[ CAN WE D5Y ! M>TYR'S 7DELUD$7 ,EGOISM8 ,! APO/OLIC 0FI%]S = M50 BAIT$ !IR HOOKS ) PROMISES & ?REATS ADDRESS$ TO SELF-9T]E/ & REPEAT$3 0,FE> NOT !M ?AT KILL ! BODY10 ETC4 ,>E ONLY ?OSE :O SECURE GOOD B>GA9S TO BE CR$IT$ ) ! 9T5TION TO SECURE !M8  

 ,! CRITIC MAKES A LUDICR\SLY FALSE COMP>ISON :5 HE SETS ! PHYSICAL PA9 ( BURN+ AGA9/ ! M5TAL PA9 ( APO/ASY4 ,AT ! MOM5T :5 ! ,*RI/IAN M>TYR MADE A *OICE ( CON/ANCY TO HIS RELIGION & A CR[N ( GLORY1 HE HAD NOT FELT ! PHYSICAL AGONY ( HAV+ HIS FLE% CONSUM$ BY FIRE4 ,AS MU* AS POSSIBLE HE FIX$ HIS ?\<T ON ! PROMIS$ HEAV5 & ?US LESS5$ ! ANTICIPATION ( PA94 ,:ATEV] PA9 !RE WAS 9 ! EXPECTATION ( BURN+ IT WAS NOT ! PA9 ( ACTUAL BURN+4 ,WE DO NOT KN[ :AT ! F9AL SUFF]+ WAS NOR :AT ! F9AL ?\<TS W]E4 ,WE READ ( ONE ON ! CROSS1 :5 TOO LATE1 EXCLAIM+3 0,MY ,GOD1 MY ,GOD6 ,:Y HA/ ?\ =SAK5 ME80 & WE READ ?AT ! S]VANT %ALL NOT BE ABOVE HIS LORD4 ,MOREOV] IF ! ,*RI/IAN M>TYR C\LD BE SUPPOS$ TO FULLY APPRECIATE ! PA9 ( DEA? ?AT AWAIT$ HIM1 HE MU/ ALSO BE SUPPOS$ TO APPRECIATE AS FULLY ! HELL :I* AWAIT$ ! APO/ATE & 5DLESS DEA? 9 ! LAKE ( FIRE4 ,H[ !N MU/ SU* A T]RIFI$ BELIEV] DECIDE ON ! ,EGOI/IC PR9CIPLE AS DI/ORT$ BY HIS FAI?8 ,TO US !RE IS NO MORE DIFFICULTY 9 HIS CASE ?AN !RE IS 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( GRAVITATION ILLU/RAT$ BY A BALL ROLL+ D[N AN 9CL9$ PLANE :5 ?AT IS ! NE>E/ APPROA* IT CAN MAKE TO P]P5DICUL> DESC5T4  

 ,BUT :ILE WE MAY SUPPOSE A M>TYR POSSIBLY LOGICAL 9 HIS C\RSE1 GIV5 HIS ABSURD BELIEF1 WE FEEL W>RANT$ 9 ?9K+ ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ?OSE :O S\<T M>TYRDOM W]E EXCIT$ BEYOND ! CONTROL ( REASON1 AS 9 ! CASE ) M5 ACT+ UND] ! DOM9ION ( PASSION 9 ! COMMISSION ( C]TA9 (F5SES4 ,CRAZ9ESS IS ESS5TIALLY AN 9ABILITY TO WEI< CONDITIONS & APPREH5D CONSEQU5CES4  

 ,ANO!R ?9KS ?AT ,EGOISM KILLS SYMPA?Y & ?US1 HE ?9KS1 H9D]S ! C>E ( *ILDR54  

 ,! PREVAIL+ OP9ION ?AT G5]AL BETT]M5T DEP5DS UPON 9CREAS$ SYMPA?Y IS ONE :I* ,I AM MORE & MORE DECID$ TO PRON\NCE A /UP5D\S ]ROR4 ,SYMPA?Y DIV]TS 5]GY FROM ONE *ANNEL TO TURN IT 9TO ANO!R4 ,AN ILLU/RATION %[+ ! RU9 CAUS$ BY AN IRRATIONAL EXCESS ( GRIEF MAY CAUSE SOME TO REEXAM9E !IR OP9ION4 ,B WAS M>RI$ ?REE YE>S AGO4 ,LATELY HIS WIFE DI$1 LEAV+ A *ILD A YE> OLD4 ,B WAS SO MU* AFFECT$ BY ! DEA? ( HIS WIFE ?AT HE W5T TO ! CEMET]Y DAY AFT] DAY & LAY D[N ON ! GR\ND CRY+4 ,!RE HE CONTRACT$ AN 9FECTI\S DISEASE & HE ALSO DI$1 ?US LEAV+ ! *ILD AN ORPHAN4  

 ,ANO!R IS %OCK$ AT ,EGOISM1 AS IT HAS NO REV]5CE = ANY?+ SACR$1 NOT EV5 = ,FEU]BA*'S JUGGL]Y ?AT 0LOVE IS DIV9E0 & 0MAN IS GODLIKE0 OR CAN BE BY ?9K+ HIMSELF SO4 ,ALSO ?AT ,EGOISM PUTS NO PREMIUM ON 0C\RAGE01 BUT RA!R ON C[>DICE4  

 ,IT IS WELL TO BE %OCK$ 9 DEFAULT ( ANY O!R WAY ( GETT+ 9TELLIG5CE AWAK5$4 ,BE SURE ?AT ,EGOISM HAS NO?+ SACR$1 & !RE=E ACCEPTS NO IMPO/URE OR HALLUC9ATION & REMEMB] ?AT IT REQUIRES C\RAGE TO BE A C[>D & APPE> A C[>D4 ,:]E 0C\RAGE0 IS FOLLY1 IT IS ,EGOI/IC TO BE A 0C[>D40 ,C]TA9LY IT IS ONLY ,EGOISM ?AT CAN RIDICULE SACR$ ?+S ( MAN AS WELL AS ( ,GOD3 ,I MEAN RIDICULE 9 ACTION AS WELL AS IU WORD4 ,PECKSNIFF1 EV5 IF AN ,A!I/ 9 WOMAN'S CLO!S1 %\LD BE SNUBB$1 & ! ,EGOI/ WILL SNUB HIM1 )\T REG>D TO HIS OR H] SEX4  

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 ,:AT IS GOOD8 ,:AT IS EVIL8 ,!SE WORDS EXPRESS ONLY APPRECIATIONS4 ,A GOOD FI<T] IS A 0GOOD MAN10 OR A 0BAD MAN10 BO? WORDS EXPRESS+ ! SAME IDEA ( ABILITY1 BUT FROM DIFF]5T PO9TS ( VIEW4 ,TO ! BEGG> A G5]\S GIV] IS A GOOD MAN4 ,TO ! MA/] A S]VANT IS GOOD :5 HE *E]FULLY SLAVES = ! MA/]4 ,A GOOD SUBJECT IS ONE OB$I5T TO HIS PR9CE4 ,A GOOD CITIZ5 IS ONE :O GIVES NO TR\BLE TO ! /ATE1 BUT CONTRIBUTES TO ITS REV5UES & /ABILITY4 ,EVIL IS ONLY :AT WE DO NOT F9D TO \R GOOD1 BUT :AT WE HAVE TO COMBAT4 ,A HORSE IS NOT GOOD BECAUSE /RONG & SWIFT IF HE BE 0VICI\S20 ?AT IS1 IF WE F9D HIM H>D TO TAME4 ,A BRE$ ( DOGS IS GOOD IF READILY SUSCEPTIBLE ( TRA9+ TO HUNT ALL DAY OR WAT* ALL NI<T = ! B5EFIT ( ! [N]4  ,A WIFE IS 0GOOD0 IF %E WILL NOT BE GOOD TO ANY MAN BUT H] HUSB&4  

 ,:Y DO ! LION & ! EAGLE 5JOY SU* A REPUTATION8  ,! EAGLE ATTACKS NOBODY EXCEPT BABES4  ,! LION IS A L>GE ANIMAL1 DELIB]ATE 9 HIS MOVEM5TS & REPUT$ TO GIVE A MAN A *ANCE TO GET AWAY4  ,!RE >E 0WORSE0 ANIMALS4  

 ,9 ALL V>IETIES ( ,MORALISM OB$I5CE IS ! C>D9AL VIRTUE1 :I* IS :OLLY ON ! PR9CIPLE ( PROCUR+ 0GOOD0 SUBJECTS = ?OSE :O HAVE ! EFFRONT]Y TO SET UP AS RUL]S OV] FOOLS & SIMPLETONS4 0,BE GOOD & Y\ WILL BE HAPPY40 0,VIRTUE IS ITS [N REW>D40 ,!SE PROV]BS >E AN APPEAL TO SELF-9T]E/ BEGUIL$ TO ACCEPT SOME CURR5T TEA*+ AS TO :AT IS 0GOOD0 CONDUCT1 0VIRTUE40 ,:AT IF ONE BE HAPPY & HEAL?Y & ! SAME BELIEV]S 9 !SE MAXIMS TELL HIM ?AT HIS HAPP9ESS IS NOT GOOD8 ,!Y %[ ?AT !IR IDEA ( GOODNESS IS OB$I5CE TO C]TA9 COMM&S OR RULES4 ,BUT ! ,EGOI/ WILL PROVE MO/ ?+S & HOLD FA/ TO ?AT :I* HE F9DS TO BE GOOD = HIM4 ,?AT :I* HE F9DS TO BE 0ITS [N REW>D0 HE HOLDS TO BE VIRTUE 5\<4 ,! POSITIONS >E OPPOSITES4 ,! ,MORALI/ SAYS3 0,?IS C\RSE IS VIRTUE2 BELIEVE IT & FOLL[ 9/RUCTIONS1 & Y\ WILL F9D HAPP9ESS 9 ! ?\<T ( DO+ RI<T40 ,! ,EGOI/ P]CEIVES ?AT SU* 9/RUCTION IS A TRAP = CR$ULITY4 ,! EXP]I5CE ( MANK9D IS ALL V]Y WELL1 BUT MO/ ( ! TIME Y\R ,MORALI/ DEPRECATES EXP]IM5T4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT 9 0! MO/ IMPORTANT RELATION 9 LIFE0 TWO P]SONS MU/ HAVE A LEGAL CONTRACT = P]MAN5T UNION BE=E !Y HAVE ANY KN[L$GE ( EA* O!R 9 ! RELATION2 !N BE> IT IF !Y DISLIKE IT1 & ?IS IS REG>D$ AS VIRTUE4 ,I DO NOT SAY ?AT ALL ,MORALI/S TEA* SU* DOCTR9E1 BUT ALL ,MORALI/S HAVE SOME DOCTR9E :I* !Y 5=CE BY S5TIM5T DEM&+ 9DIVIDUAL SACRIFICE1 ABSOLUTELY & NOT M]ELY AS 9DIVIDUALLY EXP$I5T4  

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 ,TRU?1 ! AGREEM5T BETWE5 ?9K+ & ?+1-BETWE5 ?\<T & ?AT1-IS AS DESIRABLE AS SEE+ & HE>+ )\T ILLUSION OR CONFUSION4 ,TRU?1 ! AGREEM5T BETWE5 ?9K+ & EXPRESSION1 IS MADE A DUTY BY ,MORALI/S1 YET G5]ALLY ) RES]VATIONS4 ,MAYA MAN LIE TO ASSASS9S TO SAVE HIS LIFE1 OR TO ROBB]S TO SAVE TREASURE COMMITT$ TO HIS C>E1 OR TO A SICK P]SON TO CONCEAL NEWS :I* W\LD BE A S]I\S %OCK8 ,! GRAVITY ) :I* SU* QUE/IONS >E >GU$ PO9TS TO SOME?+ FUR!R1- ?AT ,TRU?1 LIKE ,RI<T & ,JU/ICE1 IS ]ECT$ 9TO A DEITY & M5 GO CRAZY OR PRET5D TO GO CRAZY OV] ! WOR%IP !RE(4 ,?IS IS ! HYPOCRITE'S OPPORTUNITY4 ,SO PEOPLE B9D !MSELVES ) AN OA? & L5D A SPURI\S IMPORTANCE TO WORDS SPOK5 BY M5 :O C>E ONLY = IMMUNITY1 BUT :O >E %REWD 5\< NOT TO PR(ESS :AT !Y ?9K & H[ 9DEP5D5T !Y FEEL4  

 ,H[ CURI\S ?AT M5 G5]ALLY FEEL IT 0RI<T0 TO CUT & HACK NATURAL =MS1 BUT NOT TO TAKE ANY LIB]TY ) 0TRU?0 EV5 9 ! V]BAL REPRES5TATION ( SU* =MS6  

 ,BUT ON ! O!R H& !Y SAY3 0,ALL'S FAIR 9 LOVE & W>40 ,N[ EV]Y?+ ?AT IS NOT LOVE CAN BE VIEW$ AS W> 7& ! 0LOVE0 H]E SPOK5 ( IS W> TOO74 ,?IS MAXIM IS MORE (T5 US$ TO EXCUSE LY+ ?AN = ANY O!R PURPOSE4 ,LY+ IS A V]Y COMMON PRACTICE & ,I P]CEIVE NO REASON TO EXPECT ITS ABATEM5T UNLESS 9DIVIDUALS 9 L>GE NUMB]S 7#a7 CEASE TO PRET5D TO EXACT FROM O!RS ACTION :I* IS 9CONV5I5T1 :5 !Y CANNOT OR DO NOT REALLY EXACT IT2 7#b7 MAKE IT TO ! 9T]E/ ( O!RS TO TELL !M ! TRU? OR LEAVE O!RS ALONE AS TO TELL+ ANY?+ AB\T MATT]S ON :I* !Y N[ TELL LIES4 ,SO !RE MI<T BE LESS 0W>40  

 ,TO ! ,EGOI/ TRU? IS AN ECONOMY1 :]E PRACTICABLE4 ,! *IEF CONDITION IS MUTUAL 9TELLIG5CE4  

 ,HONE/Y1-TRU? 9 ACTION1-IS COMMONLY SAID TO BE 0! BE/ POLICY10 & P]HAPS AS COMMONLY DISBELIEV$ TO BE UNCONDITIONALLY SO4 ,:]E HONE/Y IS RECIPROCAL1 IT BR+S ?AT MUTUAL ADVANTAGE :I* ATTA*ES TO TRU?FULNESS1 BUT HONE/ CONDUCT 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL 9 DEAL+ ) DI%ONE/ P]SONS1 IS TOO SIMPLE4 ,HONE/Y IS A PLEASURE1 (T5 A LUXURY4  

 ,X,X,I,V  

 ,MORALISM REA*ES ITS ACME 9 ! CRAZE = A SUPPOS$ P]FECTION ! OPPOSITE WAY FROM 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,EV5 :5 PHILOSOPHY HAS PRON\NC$ ?AT ITS AIM IS TO LEAD MAN TO F9D HIMSELF1 ! SPIRIT ( P]V]SION IS SU* ?AT IT TAKES ,MAN1 ! G5]AL IDEA ( ! SPECIES1 AS AN IDEAL = ! 9DIVIDUAL & TEA*ES 9DIVIDUALS TO TORTURE !IR P]SONAL M9D 9 ORD] TO CON=M TO ! IDEA =M$ AB\T ! SPECIES4 ,?US IT IS SAID \R 0MISSION0 IS TO BE TRUE M51 MORE P]FECT M51 MORE P]FECT WOM54 ,?IS NOTION PROMPTS TO IMITATION ( :AT HAS BE5 EXEMPLIFI$ 9 O!RS1 NOT TO DEVELOPM5T ( ?AT :I* IS MO/ G5U9ELY MYSELF OR Y\RSELF4 ,IF ,I AM TO BE A CON=M+ MAN1 /RIV+ TO BE SOME?+ SET BE=E ME1 ,I CANNOT BE ,I4 ,AS ,/IRN] REM>KS1 0EV]Y MAN :O IS NOT DE=M$ IS A TRUE OR P]FECT MAN1 BUT EA* ONE IS MORE ?AN ?IS4 ,HE IS ?IS UNIQUE MAN40 ,:AT HE IS ?AT ANO!R IS NOT1 WE CANNOT SAY 9 ADVANCE ( KN[+ HIM4 ,EGOISM IS ?IS3 ?AT ?IS MAN ACTS \T HIMSELF4 ,EV]Y WOMAN MAY BE ASSUM$ TO BE A TRUE OR P]FECT WOMAN1 & %E IS *EAT$ IF TAU<T TO ASSUME O!RWISE4 ,?AT IS NOT ! AIM2 ?AT IS ! />T+ PO9T ) US ,EGOI/S4 ,BE EASY AB\T P]FECTION ( ,MAN4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL NE$S FIR/ TO BE FREE FROM ANY YOKE OR ASSIGN$ TASK1 9 ORD] TO NORMALLY POSSESS1 5JOY1 DEVELOP & EXHIBIT HIMSELF OR H]SELF4 ,I %ALL DEVELOP ! SPECIES1 IF ,I HAVE NO?+ MORE DI/9CTIVE TO DEVELOP4 ,A WOMAN WILL BE M]ELY A 0TRUE & P]FECT WOMAN0 IF %E HAS NO?+ ( H] [N1 ONLY ! SPECIES4 ,! V]Y MOM5T1 H[EV]1 ?AT %E KN[S H]SELF TO BE ALREADY A 0TRUE & P]FECT WOMAN10 AS ! Z]O OR HORIZON ( 9DIVIDUALITY1 ?AT MOM5T IS ! 9DIVIDUAL 5]GY SET FREE TO WORK \T :ATEV] IT TAKES PLEASURE 91--OR AS FREE AS CONSCI\S REFLECTION CAN MAKE US :ILE OLD HABITS & AFFECTIONS P]SI/ 9 SOME DEGREE4 ,TO COME TO \RSELVES1 TO F9D \RSELVES1 IS TO KN[ ?AT :AT WE HAVE ( ! SPECIES IS \RS1 SO F> AS IT SUITS US TO KEEP IT & ?AT WE HAVE NEI!R OBLIGATION NOR MISSION BUT :AT EA* ONE MAY GIVE HIMSELF4  

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 ,A WOMAN IS POSSIBLY AN ,EGOI/4 ,AP>T FROM ?IS POSSIBILITY %E IS-SIMPLY A FEMALE4 ,IF AN ,EGOI/1 %E WILL DET]M9E H] ACTIONS ) PRECISELY ?AT 9T]IOR FRE$OM POSSESS$ BY ! MALE ,EGOI/4  

 ,M>RIAGE1 :E!R AS POLYGAMY OR MONOGAMY1 IS AN AGREEM5T AMONG M5 9 A GIV5 /ATE TO RESPECT EA* O!R'S PROP]TY 9 ONE OR MORE WOM51 ACCORD+ TO ! LAW ( ! TRIBE OR /ATE4 ,IT DEP5DS UPON DELUD$ ,EGOISM4 ,! SUPPOS$ HAPP9ESS ( EXCLUSIVE POSSESSION AS A RI<T TO BE 5=C$ IS RESOLVABLE 9TO SEV]AL FACTORS SU* AS 7#a7 ,! C]TA9 IMM$IATE DESIRE = POSSESSION2 7#b7 ,! NOTION ?AT ! P]SON POSSESS$ IS PASSIVE & A CON/ANT QUANTITY2 7#c7 ,! SEEM+ ACCUMULATION ( HAPP9ESS BY MONOPOLIZ+ ?AT :I* O!RS W\LD USE IF P]MITT$1 ! DEFEAT+ ( !IR DESIRE BE+ SUPPOS$ TO BE ! SECUR+ ( ONE'S [N4 ,SOME M51 H[EV]1 M>RY BECAUSE !Y SEE ?AT ! DESIR$ WOMAN WILL BE M>RI$ BY ANO!R & H5CE LO/ TO !M UNLESS !Y TAKE H] ON ! CU/OM>Y CONTRACT4  

 ,M5 FLATT] !MSELVES ?AT !Y CAN P]PETUATE !MSELVES & NOT M]ELY ! RACE2 A SIMPLE ]ROR1 = IF WE ALL[ HALF ! EFFECT TO EA* P>5T1 ! RESULT IS ?AT ,A'S (FSPR+ IS HALF ,A2 HIS GR&*ILD IS ONE-F\R? ,A2 HIS GREAT-GR&*ILD IS ONE-EI<? ,A2 ! NEXT G5]ATION ONE-SIXTE5? ,A1 & ?US HIS DESC5DANTS WILL HAVE NO?+ MORE 9 COMMON ) HIM ?AN ANY ( ! 9DIVIDUALS ( HIS RACE4  

 ,SOME LE>N$ M5 >GUE ?AT :ILE M5 >E NATURALLY POLYGAM\S1 WOM5 >E NATURALLY MONOGAM\S2 BUT !IR DISC\RSE SOON TURNS 9TO C5SURE ( ANY WOMAN :O DOES NOT COME UP TO ! M>K1 AS BE+ A P]V]T$ CREATURE4 ,>E !Y BL9D TO ! VA/ AM\NT ( FE>1 RES]VE & DUPLICITY 9 WOM58 ,CAN ! SUBJUGATION ( WOMAN ?R\< ALL PA/ TIME HAVE FAIL$ TO MAKE H] SEEM & ACT AS ?\< H] NATURE W]E DIFF]5T FROM MAN'S8 ,IS NOT ! WAT* KEPT UPON H] A PRO( ?AT ! PREA*]S HAVE NO DEEP FAI? 9 H] NATURE BE+ DIFF]5T FROM !IR [N8 ,BUT :AT W\LD BE ! FATE ( AN AU?OR :O %\LD T]RIFY SOCIETY BY ASSIMILAT+ ! NATURE ( ! TWO SEXES1 :ILE AFFIRM+ MAN'S POLYGAM\S 9/9CT8 ,HE W\LD BE ACCUS$ ( A T5D5CY TO CORRUPT VIRTU\S WOMANHOOD4  

 ,ALL AGREE ?AT JEAL\SY IS A CRUEL & TORM5T+ PASSION4 ,IS IT NOT1 !N1 SELF- EVID5TLY A SIGN ( P]V]T$ ,EGOISM8 ,! TEMP] :I* IS NOT JEAL\S1 :I* CAN LOVE & LET LOVE1 & 5JOY ! LOVE ?AT IS SPONTANE\SLY GIV5 BECAUSE ATTRACT$1 IS UND\BT$LY HAPPI] ?AN ! JEAL\S DISPOSITION4 ,SU* A TEMP] WILL BE WILL+ TO LET ! NATURE ( WOMAN DISPLAY ITSELF 9 FRE$OM1 & NOT UNTIL MORE ( SU* A TEMP] IS %[N IS IT TO BE EXPECT$ ?AT M5 WILL BE PRIVILEG$ TO KN[ FROM WOM5 :AT WOM5 REALLY >E4  

 ,! WIFE 5JOYS A /ATUS4 ,TO =FEIT IT IS TO =FEIT REPUTATION4 ,! HUSB& IS JUDG$ DIFF]5TLY4 ,IT LOOKS AS IF ! MOD]N WOMAN1 = ! PRES5T1 W]E MO/LY CONT5T+ H]SELF ) KEEP+ H] REPUTATION & US+ ! /ATUS 9 :I* MAN HAS PLAC$ H]1 = :AT !RE IS 9 IT4 ,LIB]TY IS NOT H]S1 BUT SOME P[] %E CAN WIELD4 ,SU* P[] CANNOT FAIL TO BE A CURTAIL+ ( ! HUSB&'S RES\RCES1 LIB]TY OR CONV5I5CE1 HONE/Y1 GR[?2 & IF HE IS FOOL 5\< TO PRESUME TOO F> ON HIS PR]OGATIVE1 HE IS SURE 9 MANY 9/ANCES TO BE DECEIV$1 = WOMAN'S WIT HAS BE5 =C$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( DECEPTION AS MU* AS TO SUBMISSION4 ,! LATT] IMPLIES ! =M]4  

 ,) ! DISCOV]Y BY M5 ?AT ! P]PETUATION ( !IR 9DIVIDUALITY IS AN ILLUSION1 ?AT ! EXPECTATION ( HAPP9ESS BY ! EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY OV] WOMAN IS A GROSS MI/AKE1 ?AT ! P]SON POSSESS$ IS NOT A CON/ANT QUANTITY BUT A V>IABLE ONE1 A GOOD TO BE ELICIT$ BY WISE TREATM5T & NOT BY RULE ( ?UMB1 ,EGOISM COMES 9TO ! RELATION ( ! SEXES1 )\T DELUSION4 ,! WOMAN WILL HAVE H] WAY 9 ! MATT] ( PROCREATION & WILL HAVE ! CONTROL ( H] *ILDR5 TILL !Y >E WISE 5\< TO ASS]T ! CONTROL ( !MSELVES4#a ,:AT HAVE WE ONLOOK]S TO DO ) ! RELATIONS ( MO!R & 9FANT8 ,NO?+4 

 ,?OSE :O >E 9 ! M>RI$ /ATE SOMETIMES PRET5D ?AT IF !Y W]E S+LE !Y W\LD REMA9 S+LE4 ,!Y >E NOT TO BE BELIEV$ BECAUSE !Y SAY SO4 ,M>RIAGE TO V]Y MANY IS A SACR$ ?+ 9 SOME ASPECT OR ! DEMON ( DELUD$ SELFI%NESS IS /RONG] ?AN !Y CONFESS4 ,:AT IF WE SAY TO !M3 ,PLEASE = A MOM5T REG>D Y\R M>RIAGE AS ! M>RIAGE ( A PAIR ( DOVES OR CAN>IES4 ,:5 SO REG>D$ :AT IS !RE TO TALK AB\T 9 ! QUE/ION :E!R Y\ >E M>RI$ OR NOT1 AP>T FROM B>E LEGAL P[]S8#b 

 ,RELAT$ TO ?IS IS ! IDEA ?AT CRIMES ( JEAL\SY1 EV5 \TSIDE ( M>ITAL RELATIONS1 CAN BE TRAC$ TO ! IDEA ( M>ITAL RI<TS4 ,! MAN & WOMAN :O HAVE COHABIT$ HAVE TALK$ OR ?\<T ( M>RIAGE & COME TO REG>D !IR CONNECTION AS A M>RIAGE )\T ! C]EMONY4 ,M>RIAGE & ! POSSIBILITY ( M>RIAGE >E 9 ?IS WAY RESPONSIBLE = ?OSE CRIMES :I* SIMULATE M>ITAL V5GEANCE4  

 ,SOME PEOPLE CONTRA/ LOVE ) SELFI%NESS4 ,!Y SURELY CANNOT MEAN SEXUAL LOVE4 ,TE QUI]O IS TRANSLAT$ EI!R 0,I LOVE !E0 OR 0,I WANT !E40 ,BY COMMON UND]/&+ LOVE ?AT IS NOT SELFI% 5\< TO BREAK SOME LAW 9 ORD] TO SATISFY A P]SONAL WANT1 IS NOT /RONG 5\< TO HOLD A SPIRIT$ MATE4  

 ,O!RS F9D 9 SEX AN >GUM5T AGA9/ ,EGOISM4 ,!Y SAY Y\ CANNOT BE AN 9DEP5D5T 9DIVIDUAL1 BECAUSE Y\ >E 9COMPLETE )\T ONE ( ! OPPOSITE SEX1 ,WE MAY REPLY ?AT A MAN IS V]Y MU* SOON] DONE = IF DEPRIV$ ( FOOD OR WAT] ?AN IF UNABLE TO MEET ) AN AGREEABLE WOMAN2 CONSEQU5TLY IF !RE W]E ANY?+ 9 ! ABOVE >GUM5T IT W\LD LEAD TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! HAV+ ANY PHYSICAL REQUIREM5TS MILITATES AGA9/ ,EGOISM4 ,BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE F9D !Y ALL AF=D SCOPE = ,EGOISM4 ,WE >E LIKELY TO F9D 9 \R SURR\ND+S ! OBJECTS ESS5TIAL TO \R EXI/5CE1 & ?IS COMES \T ) REG>D TO COMPANION%IP JU/ AS ) REG>D TO MAT]IALS = FOOD1 CLO?+ & %ELT]4 ,EGOISM LIES 5TIRELY 9 \R ATTITUDE T[>D OBJECTS1 NOT 9 \R BE+ CON/ITUT$ TO HAVE NO NE$ ( !M4 ,WE CANNOT FLY1 & WE >E SUBJECT TO HUNG] & O!R APPETITES4 ,\R NE$S S]VE TO AWAK5 \R P[]S TO ACTIVITY & GIVES V>I\S OCCASIONS = CONV]T+ ?REAT5$ SUFF]+ 9TO 5JOYM5T1 IF WE MEET EV]Y?+ 9 A ?OR\<LY 9TREPID1 ,EGOI/IC SPIRIT4 ,EV5 \R NE$ ( SOCIAL CONV]SATION IS NO D]OGATION FROM ,EGOISM4 ,! MAN :O USES & APPROPRIATES TO HIMSELF ! B5EFITS ( 9T]C\RSE ) O!RS -- ( HIS *OOS+ -- IS AN 9TELLIG5T ,EGOI/1 :]EAS ! %R9K+1 SOLIT>Y MAN IS WEAK]3 HE ATTA*ES TOO MU* IMPORTANCE TO SOME?+ & HE P]MITS IT TO DRIVE HIM FROM ! FIELD ( ACTIVITY & 5Y\M5T4  

,!ORETICALLY & PRACTICALLY ! POSITION ( A M>RI$ WOMAN IS 9 ALL ESS5TIAL RESPECTS ! OPPOSITE ( ?AT :I* AN ,EGOI/ W\LD *OOSE4 ,/ILL1 !RE IS NO POSITION 9 :I* ONE MAY ACCIE5TALLY F9D ONESELF 7%ORT ( ACTUAL IMPRISONM5T7 ?AT CAN MAKE ANY DIFF]5CE TO ! 9DIVIDUAL COMP>ABLE 9 EFFECT TO ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,EGOISM 7M5TAL LIB]TY7 & NON-,EGOISM 7M5TAL SLAV]Y74  

,IF A WOMAN HAD SOLD H]SELF 9TO *ATTEL SLAV]Y :I* ! LAW =BIDS1 %E W\LD FEEL NO HESITATION 9 REPUDIAT+ ! B>GA94 ,:AT IS ! DIFF]5CE 9 M>RIAGE8 ,! DIFF]5CE LIES 9 ! SOCIAL SANCTION4 ,! VICTIMS AWAIT EMANCIPATION BY SOCIAL OP9ION4 ,?IS IS NOT ,EGOISM1 BUT ITS OPPOSITE4  

 ,X,X,V,I  

,RE>$ 9 ,EVANGELICAL ,*RI/IANITY ,I .<ASS$1 BETWE5 ! AGES ( #ae & #a#h1 ?R\< ! /AGES ( ,BIBLICAL CRITICISM & DISBELIEF 9 ,PROVID5CE1 ON ! GR\ND ( ! SUPREMACY ( NATURAL LAW1 TO ,A!SIM4  

,AS MY RELIGION HAD BE5 AN UND\BT+ FAI? 9 & OB$I5CE TO AN IDEAL ,EGO -- ,GOD -- :5 ,I UNB\ND MYSELF FROM ! WEB ( !OLOGY1 ,I FELL HEIR TO ! SOV]EIGN ATTRIBUTES1 -- ! LIB]TY AD ! B5EVOL5CE1 -- ( ! ,GOD :O !N BECAME A MY?4 ,I DID NOT *EAT MYSELF A DAY ) ,MORAL COMM&M5TS )\T A ,MORAL ,LAWGIV]4 ,YET ,I FELT & =ESAW ?AT :AT WAS GA9$ BY ! 9TELLECT W\LD NOT BE EASILY TRANSLAT$ 9TO FEEL+ & ACTION = MANY YE>S TO COME1 SU* WAS ! ,MORAL SUSCEPTIBILITY & =CE ( HABITS1 FROM E>LY 9DOCTR9ATION4 ,I SAID TO MYSELF AS A Y\?3 0,I FEEL ?AT NOT UNITIL ,I AM #d YE>S ( AGE %ALL ,I BE ABLE TO ACT 9 ALL ?+S AS MY JUDGM5T DECIDES = MY [N 9T]E/40 ,IT WAS EV5 SO4  

,?US 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( ! SIXTYIES ,I WAS AN ,A!I/ & SELF-CONSCI\S ,EGOI/4 ,I ASSOCIAT$ ) ,A!I/S & TOOK P>T 9 !IR PROPAG&A BE=E ,I WAS #b & = YE>S AFT]4 ,BUT ,I F\ND A FALSE NOTE AMONG ! ,A!I/S1 ?AT !IRS WAS ! RELIGION ( ,HUMANITY ) A ,MORALITY NOT LESS IMPRESSWIVE UPON ! CONSCI5CE ?AN ?AT CONNECT$ ) !OLOGY1 PUR] BECAUSE FRE$ FROM SUP]/ITION4 ,!Y *ALL5<$ COMP>ISON AS TO ! ,MORALITY ( !IR LEAD]S & MEMB]S ) ,*RI/IANS1 -- ! ,*RI/IAN /&>D BE+ USUALLY IMPLI$ AS TO :AT CON/ITUT$ ,MORALITY4 ,!RE W]E AMONG !M M5 IMPRESS$ ) ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,EPICURUS1 ( ,HOBBES1 ( ,D',HOLBA* & ,SP9OZA1 SELF-LOVE AS ! F\NDATION & SUM ( MORALS1 BUT ! DRIFT ( !IR DISC\RSES WAS ?AT GOOD MORALS W\LD GR[ \T ( SELF-LOVE1 & /ILL ! MORALS W]E ,*RI/IAN MORALS4 ,:5 AN ,A!I/ CEAS$ TO TAKE AN 9T]E/ 9 ! ICONOCLA/IC PROPAG&A1 HE USUALLY SETTL$ D[N 9TO A SELFI% 9DIVIDUAL1 A NON5TITY ( ORD9>Y MORALS1 ,HIS ,EGOISM WAS AFT] ! CURR5T IDEAS ( RUDIM5T>Y ,EGOISM :I* OR?ODOX ,MORALI/S PROPAGATE & HIS =M] ASSOCIATES SIMPLY REGRETT$ ?AT HE WAS NO LONG] MILITANT OR CONTRIBUTORY TO ! ,A!I/IC *UR*4  

 ,FROM ! FIR/ ( MY M5TAL 9DEP5D5CE1 OR ,A!ISM1 ,I REPUDIAT$ CONSCI5CE & A ,MORAL /&>D2 & ,I WAS EQUALLY DISSATISFI$ ) ! ATTEMPT$ LIMITATION ( SELF-LOVE1 TO GRUBB+ = ADVANTAGES OV] O!R PEOPLE2 C]TA9 ?AT IT WAS PURELY MY PLEASURE OR PRUD5CE :I* IMPELL$ ME TO ANY ACT1 ,I DECL>$ 9 PR9T1 PRIOR TO #a#h#g1 ?AT :5 AN ,A!I/ ACTS HONE/LY T[>D ANO!R P]SON IT IS BECAUSE IT IS HIS PLEASURE TO DO SO4 ,?IS >\S$ A CRITIC :O AFFIRM$ ! 0S5SE ( JU/ICE0 GOV]N+ ,A!I/S4 ,A PRETTY T]M1 BUT :5 WE HAVE >RIV$ AT A 0S5SE ( JU/ICE0 :Y DO WE 9CONV5I5CE \RSELVES = IT8 ,I AFFIRM A PLEASURE1 A S5TIM5T ( GOOD WILL & ( >T4 ,!RE IS NO 0MU/0 AB\T IT ) ! ,EGOI/4 ,BUT ) MY ,A!I/IC CRITIC !RE WAS A SPICE ( DICTATION1 AS :O %\LD SAY 0Y\ MU/ YIELD TO A S5SE ( ,DUTY TO ,HUMANITY40 ,H>D BY LURKS BIGOTRY4  

 ,FEU]BA*'S 9V]SION ( !OLOGY1 TURN+ 0,GOD IS LOVE10 9TO 0LOVE IS DIV9E10 DID NOT FASC9ATE ME4 ,I SAW 9 IT A PLAY ON WORDS1 ,9 MY 9FANCY ,GOD WAS A /]N FACT & :5 HE BECAME A MY?1 :Y1 LOVE WAS-LOVE1 NOT DIV9E2 GOODNESS WAS :AT WE F9D TO MAKE = \R GOOD2 ?AT IS TO SAY !RE WAS NO?+ DIV9E2 NO SU* ?+ AS GOODNESS OR BADNESS EXCEPT AS RELATIVE TO \R WELF>E & NO BETT] REASON :Y ,I %\LD NOT BE A CRUEL MAN ?AN ?AT ,I TOOK NO PLEASURE 9 CRUELTY1 F\ND NO S5SE 9 IT4  

 ,I HAVE ALWAYS RA!R PITI$ ?OSE :O RUN PASSIONATELY AFT] ! SO-CALL$ GOOD ?+S :I* ,*RI/IANS & ,MORALI/S G5]ALLY SUPPOSE MU/ BE ! SOLE AIM ( ,EGOI/S4 ,:AT FOOLS >E ! FRETFUL LU/]S AFT] P[]1 M5 COVET\S ( O!RS' GOODS1 TOILSOME ACCUMULATORS ( :AT !Y CANNOT 5JOY6 ,DELUD$ ,EGOI/S6#c   

 ,DUR+ ! P]IOD ,I HAVE M5TION$ & UNTIL ! SPR+ ( #ahgb ,I HAD NO KN[L$GE ( ,MAX ,/IRN]'S WORK1 ,D] ,E9ZIGE UND SE9 ,EIG5?UM 7,! ,9DIVIDUAL & HIS ,PROP]TY74 ,BUT BELIEVE ME ?AT ,I DEV\R$ IT SO SOON AS ,I GOT HOLD ( IT4 ,!RE = ! FIR/ TIME ,I SAW MO/ PLA9LY /AT$1 MY [N ?\<T1 BORNE \T BY ILLU/RATIONS ?AT WILL TE/ ! N]VE ( EV]Y PR(ESS$ ,EGOI/4 ,:O BUT ,/IRN] HAS D>$ TO SUGGE/ ?AT ! TIE ( BLOOD IS A SUP]/ITION8 ,W]E IT NOT ?AT WE HAVE ASSURANCE ( ! SPE$Y APPE>ANCE ( AN ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( HIS GREAT WORK1 ,I W\LD H]E GIVE SOME?+ ( A SUMM>Y ( ITS CONT5TS2 BUT N[1 UND] ! PLEAS+ EXPECTATION1 ,I MAY CONF9E MYSELF TO A M5TION ( ONE FEATURE ( ?AT WOND]FUL BOOK4 ,! AU?OR %[S US ! WORLD DIVID$ 9TO ?REE EPO*S3 FIR/1 ,ANTIQUITY1 9 :I* M5 W]E T]RORIZ$ BY ! =CES ( NATURE4 ,SECOND1 ,*RI/5DOM4 ,*RI/ 9TRODUCES ! RULE ( ! SPIRIT1 :I* DE/ROYS ! FE> ( MAT]IAL ?+S1 BUT E/ABLI%ES ! TYRANNY ( ! ,IDEA4 ,!RE IS N[ A SPOOK 9 EV]Y OBJECT4 ,?IRD1 ! ,UNIT1 BY ! MI<T ( HIS [N UND]/&+ & WILL1 DISMISSES ! SPIRITS1 ! SPOOKS2 ! RULE ( ,IDEAS IS BROK54 ,! ,UNIT1 --- ! ,EGO1 --- IS NOT AN AB/RACT ,I4 ,HE IS Y\1 Y\RSELF1 JU/ AS Y\ >E 9 FLE% & BLOOD1 BECOME SIMPLY SOV]EIGN1 DISDA9FUL ( ALL RULE ( ,IDEAS1 AS ,*RI/ WAS ( ALL RULE ( MAT]IAL P[]S4  

 ,( ! AU?OR'S *>ACT] AS %[N BY HIS ACTIONS ,I WILL EMPHASIZE ONLY ONE FEATURE4 ,HE RECOGNIZ$ 9 ! WOMAN ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AS FREE AS %E C>ES TO BE1 PRECISELY AS HE DID 9 ! MAN4 ,:5 WE READ ( ANO!R ,G]MAN AU?OR AS ,/IRN]'S DISCIPLE1 :O DIFF]S FROM HIM SO RADICALLY 9 ?IS1 WE MAY ?9K ?AT AU?OR SOME:AT ( A PLAGI>I/1 P]HAPS1 BUT C]TA9LY NOT A DISCIPLE1 AS ALLEG$4  

 ,O!RS AGA9 >E SPR++ UP TO CLASSIFY ! ,EGO & ,EGOISM 9 PHILOSOPHY4 ,! ,UNIT ( ,/IRN] IS --- Y\RSELF1 IF Y\ LIKE4 ,Y\1 AS A P]SON ( FLE% & BLOOD1 WILL NOT BE SUCCESSFULLY CLASSIFI$ 9 0PHILOSOPHY10 ,I ?9K1 IF Y\ GRASP ! IDEA & ACT ON IT4 ,! OLD SO-CALL$ PHILOSOPHIC ,EGOISM WAS A DISQUISITION ON ! COMMON *>ACT]I/ICS ( M51 A SORT ( G5]ALITY4 ,! REAL LIV+ ,EGOISM IS ! FACT ( UNTRAMMEL$ M9D 9 ?IS OR ?AT P]SON & ! ACTIONS RESULT+1 ! 5D ( ! TYRANNY ( G5]AL IDEAS4  

 ,N,O,T,E,S  

 #a,WILL ! ,UNION ( ,EGOI/ LEGISLATE ON ! 0DEBT0 ( GR[N *ILDR5 TO !IR MO!R8 ,\R ,UNION WILL BE BAS$ SIMPLY ON \R COMMON 9T]E/S4 ,! 9T]E/ MU/ BE CLE> TO EA* ,UNIT 9 ORD] TO COMM& SUPPORT = ANY RULE4 ,ONLY A M9ORITY CAN HAVE A PECUNI>Y 9T]E/ 9 ! ABOVE SUGGE/$ CLAIM4 ,WE MAY FIR/ ELIM9ATE ALL ! M51 AS ! *ILDR5 BELONG ONLY TO ! MO!RS4 ,WE CAN ALSO LEAVE \T ALL ! WOM5 :O HAVE NO *ILDR5 ?AT >E UND] \R JURISDICTION OR LIKELY TO COME UND] IT1 & ?OSE MO!RS :O >E CONT5T ) ! UNRE/RICT$ CONTROL ( !IR 9FANT *ILDR5 TO TRA9 & IMPRESS !M AS !Y WILL2 CONT5T TO BLAME !MSELVES IF A *ILD PROVES UNGRATEFUL AFT] T5 OR FIFTE5 YE>S ( SU* OPPORTUNITY TO =M ITS DISPOSITION4 ,TO MY ?9K+ ! POLICY ( AW>D+ COMP5SATION 9 AFT] YE>S1 W\LD IMPLY ! POLICY ( 9T]F]+ ) ! MO!R'S ABSOLUTE CONTROL OV] ! *ILD DUR+ 9FANCY1 = 9 ?IS CONTROL LIES ! MAK+ OR SPOIL+ ( ! *ILD'S *>ACT]4 ,I PREF] TO TRU/ H] 5TIRELY & LEAVE H] TO FACE ! RESULTS ( H] TRA9+ ( H] *ILD4  

 #b ,Y\ SAY C]TA9 BIRDS >E MONOGAM\S & ?AT ?IS >GUES ?AT MAN MAY BE SO4 ,ACCEPT ! ASSURANCE ?AT ,EGOI/S WILL BE CONT5T TO SEE ! QUE/ION RESOLV$ BY ! FREE PLAY ( 9/9CT 9 ! SPECIES1 AS Y\ SUGGE/4 ,BUT ! ACTION ( MANK9D1 BY LEGISLATION & SOCIAL C5SURE ON ! MATT]1 LOOKS V]Y LIKE A CONFESSION ?AT !Y REG>D !MSELVES AS NATURALLY CON/ITUT$ ) AN 9CL9ATION TO V>IETY 9 LOVE & NE$+ A DEAL ( DRAGOON+ TO MAKE !M GOOD MONOGAMI/S OR PASSABLE C\NT]FEITS !RE(4  

 #c ,A DW>F$1 /UNT$ CONCEPTION ( ,EGOISM F9DS EXPRESSION 9 ! REM>K3 0,I DO NOT BELIEVE 9 SELF-9T]E/4 ,I W\LD NOT TAKE ANO!R MAN'S JOB40 ,9DE$1 SIR1 IF Y\ HAVE A DET]M9ATION NOT TO TAKE IT ,I AM SURE Y\ WILL NOT TAKE IT-UNLESS SOME /RONG] 9T]E/ ( Y\RS COMES 9TO PLAY4 ,WE WILL WAIT & SEE :AT Y\ DO4 ,PR(ESSIONS >E *EAP4  

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aid 3 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,EGOISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #a#f1 #bag 3 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,EGOISM -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,EGOISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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