,! ,P]SONAL ,SIDE ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IDA ,METT 

,AU?OR 3 ,HALYNA ,K\ZM5KO 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,AU?OR 3 ,N4 ,SUKHOGORSKAYA 

,TEXT 3 

0,BETWE5 #aiah & #a#i#b#a1 9 ! AN>*I/ ,UKRA9E1 ONE ( ! GREATE/ VICTORIES ( ! ANTI-HI]>*ICAL /RUGGLE 9SIDE ! MAN CLASS TOOK PLACE4 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO -- :O WAS NICKNAM$ ',BATKO'1 ?AT IS1 ',FA!R' -- MADE SOME ELEGANT SPEE*ES DUR+ ! 9SURRECTION3 74447 ,BUT :5 ,MAKHNO SPOKE ( ! EMANCIPATION ( HUMANITY1 ?AT DID NOT PREV5T HIM1 9 HIS EV]YDAY BEHAVIOR1 FROM RE/RICT+ MEMB]%IP ( HUMANITY4 ,VOL9E1 :O TOOK P>T 9 ,MAKHNO'S 9SURRECTION>Y CAMPAIGN1 WRITES3 ',! SECOND %ORTCOM+ ( ,MAKHNO & MANY ( HIS CLOSE ASSOCIATES -- COMM&]S & O!RS -- WAS !IR ATTITUDE T[>DS WOM54 ,ESPECIALLY :5 9EBRIAT$1 !SE M5 9DULG$ 9 9ADMISSIBLE ACTS -- HATEFUL W\LD BE MORE EXACT -- GO+ SO F> AS TO =CE C]TA9 WOM5 TO P>TICIPATE 9 ORGIES4' ,WOM5 !N W]E SO LITTLE A P>T ( ! 'HUMANITY' ( ! ,UKRA9E LIB]T>IANS ?AT ,VOL9E CONSID]$ RAP+ !M A M]E '%ORTCOM+'1 & A SECOND>Y ONE AT ?AT1 LESS S]I\S ?AN ,MAKHNO'S 'GREAT FAULT' :I* HE CONSID]$ TO BE 'ALCOHOL ABUSE'40 7,EMMANUEL ,REYNAUD1 0,HOLY ,VIRILITY01 ,PLUTO #a#i#h#c47 

,?IS IS A R>E LOOK AT ,MAKHNO FROM AN UNCOMPROMIS+LY ANTI-PATRI>*AL ANGLE4 ,G5]ALLY ,MAKHNO & ! 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E >E PRES5T$ SUP]FICIALLY & 9 V]Y POSITIVE T]MS 9 AN>*I/ M$IA4 ,MAT]IAL 9 ,5GLI% DEAL+ ) ,MAKHNO'S P]SONALITY1 HIS RELATION%IPS1 ETC41 IS V]Y SC>CE4 ,?IS MOTIVAT$ ME TO TRANSLATE SOME BIOGRAPHICAL PIECES LOOK+ AT ?IS SIDE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! F\R PIECES PRES5T$ H]E PA9T A VIVID PICTURE & WILL HOPEFULLY HELP DISPEL ! ROMANTIC AURA :I* /ILL 5%R\DS ,MAKHNO & HIS MOVEM5T 9 ! EYES ( MANY AN>*I/S4 ,MY AIM 9 PUBLICIZ+ !SE PIECES IS TO 5C\RAGE A CRITICAL GLANCE BEH9D ! SC5ES -- )\T DETRACT+ FROM ! MOVEM5T'S A*IEVEM5TS4 

,! FIR/ PIECE1 ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9 #a#i#a#h1 HELPS SET ! HI/ORICAL CONTEXT4 ,! SECOND PIECE1 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA1 IS AB\T ,MAKHNO'S DE-FACTO WIFE FROM #aiai ONW>DS4 ,IT %\LD BE SAID H]E ?AT ! AU?OR ( !SE TWO PIECES1 ,N4 ,SUKHOGORSKAYA1 WAS NOT AN AN>*I/4 ,H] ASSESSM5T ( ,MAKHNO & HIS MOVEM5T IS QUITE NEGATIVE1 EV5 CYNICAL1 BUT %E WAS A CONTEMPOR>Y & AN EYEWITNESS ( EV5TS 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE & ,I ?9K H] COLORFUL ACC\NTS CAN BE 5JOY$ ) CAUTION4 ,! ?IRD PIECE1 ,MEMOIRS1 IS A %ORT AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NOTE BY ,MAKHNO'S DE-FACTO WIFE4 ,! PICTURE IS R\ND$ (F BY ! F\R? PIECE1 ,MAKHNO 9 ,P>IS BY ,IDA ,METT1 A ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/4 ,H] OBS]VATIONS P>TLY CONTRADICT & P>TLY CORROBORATE ?OSE ( ! FIR/ TWO AU?ORS4 ,ALL F\R PIECES W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIAN 9 0,NE/OR ,IVANOVI* ,MAKHNO4 ,VOSPOM9ANIYA1 MAT]IALY I DOKUM5TY01 ,DZV9 PUBLI%]S1 ,KIEV1 #a#i#i#a4 

,?IS TRANSLATION WAS MADE POSSIBLE BY A GRANT FROM ! ,9/ITUTE = ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES4 

,WILL ,FIR?1 TRANSLATOR 

,FEBRU>Y #bb 

#a4 ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9 #aiah BY ,N4 ,SUKHOGORSKAYA 

,! VILLAGE ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE.<#a.> 9 ! ,ZAPOROZHYE DI/RICT ( ! ,UKRA9E IS LOCAT$ AB\T #f KM FROM ! RAILWAY /ATION ( ! SAME NAME4 ,IT WAS ,MAKHNO'S HOME T[N & *OS5 PLACE ( RESID5CE1 & :5 IT WAS UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T IT WAS (T5 REF]R$ TO AS 0,MAKHNOGRAD01 I4E4 ,MAKHNO ,CITY4 ,GULYAI-,POLYE IS A RA!R L>GE1 SPRAWL+ VILLAGE ) >\ND #b1 H\SES4 ,:5 ,I WAS 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE !RE W]E AB\T T5 P>I% S*OOLS1 ?REE HI< S*OOLS1 A TE*NICAL COLLEGE1 TWO *UR*ES1 A SYNAGOGUE1 A BANK1 A PO/-(FICE1 MANY MILLS & DAIRIES1 & A C9EMA4 ,E?NIC ,UKRA9IANS MADE UP ! BULK ( ! POPULATION4 ,!RE W]E V]Y FEW ,RUSSIANS1 MO/ ( !M TEA*]S & :ITE-COLL> WORK]S1 BUT !RE WAS A SIZABLE ,JEWI% COMMUNITY -- M]*ANTS1 TRADESM51 ETC4 -- ?AT LIV$ 9 H>MONY ) ! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY4 

,! VILLAGE WAS ACTUALLY MORE LIKE A SMALL T[N1 & QUITE A LIVELY ONE AT ?AT4 ,! /REETS W]E WIDE & LONG & HAD RAIS$ WOOD5 FOOTPA?S4 ,ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE !RE WAS A RIV] ,*ORNAYA 7,BLACK ,RIV]71 ONE ( ! ?\S&S ( RIV]S ( ! SAME NAME 9 ,RUSSIA & ! ,UKRA9E4 ,! VEGETATION >\ND ,GULYAI-,POLYE WAS SP>SE4 

,?AT WAS H[ ,GULYAI-,POLYE WAS 9 ! SUMM] ( #aiah :5 ,I WAS S5T !RE = 0RE/ & RECREATION04 ,! VILLAGE HAD BE5 TAK5 BY ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN TROOPS %ORTLY BE=E MY >RIVAL1 & ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL P]SON 9 ! VILLAGE PRIOR TO !IR >RIVAL HAD BE5 ,MAKHNO :O WAS LAT] TO BECOME SO FAM\S4 

,NE/OR ,IVANOVI* ,MAKHNO.<#b.> WAS BORN 9TO A MODE/LY COM=TABLE LOCAL PEASANT FAMILY4 ,MAKHNO'S FA!R DI$ :5 HE WAS QUITE Y\NG1 LEAV+ HIS MO!R TO BR+ UP FIVE SONS ALONE4 ,NE/OR /OOD \T AMONG HIS BRO!RS & LEG5DS SOON >OSE >\ND HIM4 ,OLD PEOPLE 9 ! VILLAGE TOLD ME ?AT :5 HE WAS *RI/5$ ! PRIE/'S *ASUBLE CAU<T FIRE4 ,!Y SAID ?IS WAS AN OLD OM5 MEAN+ ! *ILD W\LD GR[ UP TO BE AN 9FAM\S B&IT.<#c.>4 ,I DIDN'T EV] HE> MU* AB\T ,MAKHNO'S Y\?1 BUT ,I WAS TOLD ?AT :5 HE WAS AB\T #ah & WORK+ AT A FACTORY HE GOT 9VOLV$ 9 A GR\P ( EXPROPRIATORS4 ,!Y CALL$ !MSELVES AN>*I/S1 A T]M FA%IONABLE AT ! TIME4 ,! GANG WAS SOON BROK5 UP & ,MAKHNO & HIS ACCOMPLICES W]E S5T TO JAIL4 ,AFT] S]V+ !IR PRISON S5T5CE !Y W]E BANI%$4 

,H[EV]1 ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag CAME & ,MAKHNO WAS RELEAS$4 ,HE RETURN$ HOME & IMM$IATELY BECAME ! LEAD+ P]SONALITY 9 ! VILLAGE4 ,LEG5DS ADD$ TO HIS FAME3 ! OLD ONE AB\T HIS *RI/5+ & ! NEW ONE AB\T HIS SON4 ,MAKHNO'S FIR/ WIFE1 A PEASANT GIRL1 BORE HIM A SON1 & AT BIR? ! BABY ALREADY HAD TEE?4 ,?IS WAS AN EVIL OM5 & PEOPLE />T$ SAY+ ?AT ! ,ANTI*RI/ HAD BE5 BORN4 ,AS IT TURN$ \T1 ! 0,ANTI*RI/0 SOON DI$ & ! TRU? ( ! PROPHESY C\LD NOT BE GAUG$1 BUT ! TALE BEGAN TO BE TOLD4 ,I %\LD M5TION BRIEFLY ?AT ,MAKHNO LAT] HAD TWO O!R WIVES1 A TELEGRAPHI/.<#d.>1 & !N A TEA*] -- ! FAM\S ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA4 

,:5 ! ,AU/RIANS TOOK CONTROL ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE ,MAKHNO HAD TO GO UND]GR\ND1 :I* WAS A GREAT BL[ TO HIS PRIDE1 ESPECIALLY BECAUSE ! >RE/ W>RANT LI/$ HIM & HIS BRO!RS AS ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! :OLE FAMILY HAD TO HIDE 9 ! =E/4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,MAKHNO /ILL HAD ONLY A H&FUL ( ACTIVE SUPPORT]S -- A SMALL BUT EAG] B& ( ADH]5TS4 ,OCCASIONALLY ,MAKHNO W\LD KILL OR HOLD UP & ROB AN ,AU/RIAN SOLDI]1 BUT ! FIR/ ,MAKHNOVI/S DID NOT H>M ! LOCAL POPULATION1 & ?IS SIGNIFICANTLY 9CREAS$ !IR POPUL>ITY4 

,! ,AU/RIAN TROOPS W5T TO GREAT L5G?S TO CAT* ,MAKHNO & HIS COMRADES4 ,TWO ( ,MAKHNO'S BRO!RS W]E SOON CAU<T & KILL$4 ,ONLY ?REE ( ! ,MAKHNO BRO!RS SURVIV$1 9CLUD+ ,NE/OR & HIS ELD] BRO!R ,SAVELY1 A DULL-WITT$1 VICI\S FELL[4 ,IT IS >\ND ?IS TIME ?AT MY P]SONAL MEMORIES ( ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T BEG94 

,MAKHNO WAS BRAVE & D>+ BY NATURE1 & ! P>TISAN /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,AU/RIANS TAU<T HIM TO BE P>TICUL>LY RES\RCEFUL4 ,I FIR/ SAW ,MAKHNO :5 ! VILLAGE WAS 9 ! H&S ( ! ,AU/RIANS4 ,HE WAS /ROLL+ CALMLY D[N ! MA9 /REET4 ,HE WASN'T MU* TO LOOK AT -- %ORT1 N>R[-%\LD]$1 ) LI<T BR[N BOBB$ HAIR & A FLAT1 SLI<TLY APE-LIKE FACE4 ,HE LOOK$ LIKE HE WAS AB\T #c4 ,HE WAS WE>+ A SOLDI]'S UNI=M & A SAB] HUNG FROM HIS BELT4 ,HE REM9D$ ME V]Y MU* ( A VILLAGE CON/ABLE4 

,MAKHNO W\LD HAVE MADE NO IMPRESSION AT ALL HAD IT NOT BE5 = HIS GAZE4 ,AT FIR/ ,I ?\<T ,I WAS ! ONLY ONE :O WAS AFRAID :5 HE LOOK$ AT ME ) HIS COLD1 GRAY1 /EELY EYES -- !Y W]E REALLY HYPNOTIC6 ,I LAT] LE>N$ ?AT EV5 ! MO/ 9VET]ATE ,MAKHNOVI/ B&ITS C\LD NOT )/& HIS GAZE & BEGAN TO TREMBLE :5 HE LOOK$ AT !M4 ,I REMEMB] ,MAKHNO WAS WALK+ D[N ! /REET & PEOPLE P>T$ BE=E HIM4 ,MY SMALL SON WAS TODDL+ ALONG AT ?AT MOM5T & HAPP5$ TO RUN RI<T 9TO ,MAKHNO4 ,A PASS]BY WANT$ TO OBLIGE ,BATKO ,MAKHNO & RU%$ UP TO MOVE ! *ILD AWAY1 BUT ,MAKHNO CONDESC5D$ & SAID TO ! BOY3 0,KEEP ON WALK+1 LADDIE1 DON'T BE FRI<T5$60 ,EV]YONE :O WITNESS$ ! SC5E WAS MOV$ BY !SE UNEXPECT$LY K9D WORDS4 

,NOT ONLY ! ORD9>Y VILLAG]S W]E AFRAID ( ,MAKHNO1 BUT ALSO HIS V]Y [N COMRADES-9->MS4 ,I ONCE WITNESS$ H[ ,MAKHNO BEAT A DRUNK5 ,MAKHNOVI/ ) A LEAD-TIPP$ :IP \T 9 ! /REET = SOME M9OR MISDEMEANOR2 ! MAN CR+$ & KISS$ ,MAKHNO'S FEET & ! HOOVES ( HIS HORSE1 CRY+ & BEGG+3 0,=GIVE ME1 ,BATKO1 ,I WON'T DO IT AGA960 ,H[EV]1 ?IS DID NOT MEAN ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS OPPOS$ TO ALCOHOL 9 PR9CIPLE4 ,HE ONLY PUNI%$ PEOPLE = 0UNTIMELY0 DRUNK5NESS 9 DANG]\S SITUATIONS :5 ! 5EMY WAS NE>4 ,HE HIMSELF ONLY DRANK 9 HIS FREE TIME :5 HE WAS NOT CONC]N$ ) MILIT>Y TASKS4 ,BUT :5 HE DID DR9K HE DRANK HIMSELF ALMO/ 9TO A /UPOR & BECAME AN ABSOLUTE FI5D4 ,9 ?IS /ATE HE W\LD GO \T & KILL A P]SONAL 5EMY OR TORTURE & EXECUTE PRISON]S4 ,ONE TIME :5 HE WAS UND] ! WEA!R HE HACK$ TO DEA? #ac PRISON]S-(-W>1 R$ ,SIB]IAN FUSILI]S1 PURELY = HIS [N 5JOYM5T4 

,MAKHNO SET UP HIS DETA*M5T :ILE ! ,AU/RIANS W]E 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 & ESPECIALLY 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,!RE WAS A LOT ( DISCONT5T BECAUSE ! ,AU/RIANS & ,G]MANS TOOK ALL !Y C\LD FROM ! PEASANTS1 & ! WAY !Y TREAT$ ! POPULATION WAS DISGRACEFUL1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 

,! TROOPS OCCUPY+ ,GULYAI-,POLYE W]E E?NIC ,HUNG>IANS1 NON-,SLAVS4 ,! ,AU/RIAN COMM&]S 9T5TIONALLY DEPLOY$ !M SO !Y W\LD BE UNABLE TO UND]/& ! LANGUAGE ( ! LOCALS4 

,! ,AU/RIANS SET AB\T 5]GETICALLY 9/ITUT+ 0ORD]0 & RE/OR+ ! 0SACR$ RI<T ( PRIVATE PROP]TY04 ,!Y BEGAN BY FLOGG+ ALL PEASANTS :O !Y F\ND 9 ! POSSESSION ( GOODS APPROPRIAT$ DUR+ AGR>IAN REVOLTS4 ,!Y US$ CORPORAL PUNI%M5T 9 EV5 GREAT] MEASURE TO COMBAT ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T :I* WAS GO+ FROM /R5G? TO /R5G?4 ,! ,AU/RIANS W\LD SEIZE A PEASANT :O !Y = :ATEV] REASON CONSID]$ A ,MAKHNO SUPPORT] -- NOT HALT+ BE=E VILLAG]S ( V5]ABLE AGE -- & PROCE$$ TO FLOG !M 9 FRONT ( ! :OLE VILLAGE TO SET A W>N+ EXAMPLE4 

,! ,AU/RIANS MADE %ORT %RIFT ( REAL ,MAKHNOVI/S :O !Y SIMPLY LYN*$ 9 ! MA9 /REET 9 FRONT ( ! LOCAL ADM9I/RATION (FICE OPPOSITE ! HI< S*OOL4 ,?IS 0DECORATION0 HUNG FROM ! LAMPPO/S = SEV]AL DAYS4 ,! ,AU/RIANS DID NOT GIVE P]MISSION = ! BODIES TO BE TAK5 D[N = BURIAL1 & LAT] !Y 9T]R$ ! BODIES !MSELVES SO NO-ONE W\LD BE ABLE TO F9D !M4 

,LIKE ,I SAID1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S PAID BACK ! ,AU/RIANS 9 K9D4 ,!Y CAU<T !M & KILL$ !M :]EV] !Y C\LD & BY :ATEV] MEANS POSSIBLE4 ,:5EV] ,AU/RIANS W]E KILL$ ,GULYAI-,POLYE WAS =C$ TO PAY A COLLECTIVE F9E4 ,! VILLAG]S HAD NO *OICE BUT TO PAY4 ,DISSATISFACTION GREW1 & ) IT ,MAKHNO'S DETA*M5T4 

,9 ,SEPTEMB] #aiah ! ,AU/RIANS LEFT ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S MADE FULL USE ( ! SITUATION4 ,!Y PLUND]$ ! 5EMY'S BAGGAGE TRA9S & KILL$ ! /RAGGL]S4 ,9FURIAT$1 ! ,AU/RIANS RETURN$ & FI<T+ 5SU$4 ,!N !Y )DREW AGA91 BUT ?IS PROV$ CO/LY = ! LOCAL POPULATION4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,AU/RIANS HAD LEFT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S REOCCUPI$ ,GULYAI-,POLYE & />T$ TAK+ REV5GE ON WEAL?I] MEMB]S ( ! POPULATION OR :OEV] !Y TOOK A DISLIKE TO4 ,AT ?IS TIME ,I WAS ON A BUS9ESS TRIP TO ANO!R T[N4 ,:5 ,I SAW ! NEWSPAP] HEADL9ES ?AT ,MAKHNO HAD KILL$ ! 5TIRE POPULATION ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 ,I DROPP$ WORK & RU%$ BACK TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE :]E ,I HAD LEFT MY SON4 ,NO1 ,MAKHNO HADN'T KILL$ EV]YONE1 BUT :OEV] HAD HAD ANY CONTACT ) ! ,AU/RIANS OR HAD SIMPLY DONE BUS9ESS ) !M FL$ IF !Y C\LD4 ,?IS WAS S5SIBLE BECAUSE ,MAKHNO HAD PROMIS$ TO BUMP (F ALL 0FRI5DS0 ( ! ,AU/RIANS4 ,BUT AS A RULE ! REFUGEES DIDN'T GET F> -- ! ,MAKHNOVI/S BLEW UP BRIDGES1 TRA9S W]E /OPP$1 & EV]YONE ,MAKHNO 0WANT$0 WAS TAK5 (F ! TRA9S1 DETA9$ ON ! ROADS1 ETC4 

,I SUCCUMB$ TO ! G5]AL PANIC & ALSO DECID$ TO FLEE ,GULYAI-,POLYE = ,B]DYANSK4 ,A MASS ( PEOPLE FROM ! SURR\ND+ T[NS & VILLAGES HAD GA!R$ AT ,POLOGI RAILWAY /ATION1 A RAILWAY JUNCTION #b KM FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,! /ATION WAS *OCK-FULL -- !RE WAS AN IMP5ETRABLE CR[D1 & PEOPLE ( EV]Y AGE & SOCIAL /ATUS W]E SITT+ OR LY+ ON ! FLOOR4 

,AU/RIANS TROOPS W]E /ILL 9 ,POLOGI BUT W]E AB\T TO BE EVACUAT$4 ,ALL ,AU/RIANS W]E BE+ )DRAWN FROM ! ,UKRA9E4 ,! RAILWAY /ATION WAS BRI<TLY ILLUM9AT$ & SOLDI]S PAC$ UP & D[N ON PATROL S9CE ! ,AU/RIAN HEADQU>T]S W]E LOCAT$ H]E TEMPOR>ILY4 ,H[EV]1 ,MAKHNO HIMSELF WAS /ROLL+ AB\T AMONG ! REFUGEES & OBS]V+ ! CR[D4 ,HE WAS DISGUIS$ AS A WORK] 9 D>K GLASSES4 ,I HADN'T SE5 HIM V]Y (T5 BUT O!R PEOPLE RECOGNIZ$ HIM & PO9T$ ME \T TO ME4 ,MANY ( ! PEOPLE AT ! /ATION HAD SE5 ,MAKHNO NUM]\S TIMES & RECOGNIZ$ HIM IMM$IATELY1 BUT NO-ONE EV5 ?\<T ( DELIV]+ HIM TO ! ,AU/RIANS4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO PROTECTION = US IF WE DID4 ,! LOCAL VILLAGE AU?ORITIES W]E !MSELVES AFRAID ( ,MAKHNO1 & ! ,AU/RIANS W]E LEAV+4 ,NO-ONE C>$ AB\T US4 

,I WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO =GET ?AT T]RIBLE NI<T 9 ,POLOGI4 ,I /EPP$ \T ( ! BRI<TLY ILLUM9AT$ /ATION 9TO ! PIT* BLACKNESS ( ! /REET4 ,IT WAS A D>K1 AUTUMN NI<T1 BUT !RE WAS A BRI<T R$DI% GL[ ALL ALONG ! HORIZON -?R\<\T ! >EA ! F>MS ( ! ,G]MANS & ,MAKHNO'S P]SONAL 5EMIES W]E ON FIRE4 ,IT WAS E]IE1 & ,I WI%$ ! NI<T W\LD PASS4 ,BACK 9 ! BRI<TLY LIT HALLS ( ! RAILWAY /ATION ,I FELT EV5 WORSE ?AN \T ON ! /REET4 ,!RE W]E RUMORS UPON RUMORS LIKE A NEV]-5D+ RADIO BROADCA/3 AB\T D]AIL$ TRA9S1 BRIDGES BE+ BL[N UP1 PEOPLE BE+ KILL$ OR DRAGG$ \T ( TRA9S & BE/IALLY TORTUR$4 ,UN=TUNATELY ! RUMORS W]E TRUE & NOT EXAGG]AT$ OR 9V5T$4 ,PEOPLE ASSEMBL$ AT ! /ATION 9 EV] GREAT] NUMB]S4 ,!Y W]E VICTIMS ( !SE EV5TS1 OR RA!R1 !IR DEP5D5TS & RELATIVES4 ,MO/ ( !M W]E WOM5 -- AT ?AT /AGE ,MAKHNO /ILL DID NOT T\* WOM54 ,9 P>TICUL> ,I REMEMB] ONE ,JEWI% MO!R :OSE ?REE SONS HAD ALL BE5 DRAGG$ \T ( ! TRA9 & KILL$ ON ! WAY TO ,ALEKS&ROVSK -- ONE ( !M WAS JU/ A S*OOLBOY ( #a#f4 ,PANIC REIGN$ AT ! /ATION1 ! AIR WAS R5T ) MOANS & CRY+4 ,EV]YONE WAS FILL$ ) FE> & ?\<T ! SAME ?+S W\LD HAPP5 TO !M TOO4 

,F9ALLY \R TRA9 SET (F4 ,!Y SAID ?AT ! BRIDGE ON ! WAY TO ! NEXT /ATION1 ,KIRLOVKA1 HAD BE5 BL[N UP1 BUT IT BRIDGE TURN$ \T TO BE 9TACT4 ,ALMO/ ALL ( US LAY ON ! FLOOR ( ! C>RIAGE BECAUSE WE W]E AFRAID ( BE+ %OT AT ?R\< ! W9D[S4 ,BUT TO \T GREAT SURPRISE & RELIEF ! TRA9 MADE IT TO ,B]DYANSK )\T 9CID5T4 

#b4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA BY ,N4 ,SUKHOGORSKAYA 

,9 ! LOCAL S*OOLS !RE W]E /UD5TS :O W]E ,MAKHNOVI/S1 ?\< !Y ONLY ATT5D$ S*OOL :5 ,MAKHNO WAS 9 T[N4 ,!SE W]E GR[N M5 AG$ TW5TY & UPW>DS4 ,SOME ( !M SAID TO ! TEA*]S3 0,MOVE ME UP TO ! NEXT CLASS OR ELSE Y\'LL BE 9 TR\BLE ) ,MAKHNO40 ,BUT ?IS DID NOT SIGNIFICANTLY 9FLU5CE ! M>KS TEA*]S GAVE & :E!R OR NOT !Y RECOMM5D$ /UD5TS %\LD REPEAT A YE>4 ,SOME ,MAKHNOVI/S W]E GIV5 L[ M>KS1 JU/ LIKE ANY O!R /UD5TS W]E1 & TO BE FAIR TO ,MAKHNO HE DIDN'T M$DLE 9 $UCATIONAL MATT]S4 

,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ,MAKHNO LEFT ! TEA*]S ALONE4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ONLY EV] KILL$ ONE TEA*]1 AN OLD E?NIC ,G]MAN :OSE SON WAS AN (FIC]4 ,AS ,I SAID E>LI]1 ! BODIES ( PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 KILL$ W]E ALWAYS LEFT LY+ 9 ! /REETS = SOME TIME AFT]W>DS4 ,RELATIVES HAD TO GO TO ,MAKHNO TO ASK P]MISSION TO BURY ! BODY4 ,! DEAD ,G]MAN LAY 9 ! MA9 /REET ALL DAY1 & A DETA*M5T ( M\NT$ ,MAKHNOVI/S TOOK PLEASURE 9 DESECRAT+ ! BODY4 ,ONE B&IT KEPT TRY+ TO GET HIS HORSE TO CRU% ! DEAD MAN'S SKULL ) ITS HOOVES4 ,BUT ! HORSE PRANC$ >\ND1 JUMP+ BACK & =? OV] ! CORPSE1 & H[EV] MU* ! ,MAKHNOVI/S GOAD$ IT1 IT W\LDN'T DO :AT !Y WANT$4 ,!N ! 5RAG$ ,MAKHNOVI/ TOOK HIS :IP1 BEAT HIS HORSE BLOODY1 & GALLOP$ (F4 

,! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAT$ ! 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,MEMB]S ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 ESPECIALLY M51 W]E AFRAID TO GO \TSIDE :5 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S W]E 9 CONTROL ( ! T[N4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ONCE WANT$ TO KILL AN ACQUA9TANCE ( M9E SIMPLY BECAUSE HE WORE A BROAD-RIMM$ HAT4 0,FANCY HAT -- Y\ MU/ BE A DAMN 9TELLECTUAL4 ,I'D BETT] BUMP Y\ (F01 ONE ,MAKHNOVI/ SAID TO HIS FACE4 ,?IS SC>$ ! LIV+ DAYLI<TS \T ( HIM & HE RAN AWAY AS FA/ AS HIS LEGS W\LD C>RY HIM4 ,BUT ?IS WAS AN EXCEPTION1 & ! TREATM5T ( 9TELLECTUALS WAS L>GELY CIVIL4 ,?IS WAS DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ,MAKHNO'S ?IRD WIFE1 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA ,KUZM5KO -- :O LAT] US$ ,GAL9A AS A FIR/ NAME BECAUSE IT S\ND$ MORE REF9$ -- HAD ALSO ONCE BE5 A TEA*] 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,%E !RE=E CONSID]$ H]SELF A B5EFACTOR & ! PATRON ( ! S*OOLS & ! 9TELLIG5TSIA 9 G5]AL4 ,%E WORK$ AT A S*OOL UNTIL H] RELATION%IP ) ,MAKHNO4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA TAU<T ,UKRA9IAN4 ,%E WAS A PR\D ,UKRA9IAN & WAS 9 FAVOR ( NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE = ! ,UKRA9E4 ,I DON'T KN[ :5 ,MAKHNO TOO BECAME A PROPON5T ( ,UKRA9IAN NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE1 BUT HE WAS ONE1 JU/ AS HE HAD ONCE BE5 AN AN>*I/4 ,MAKHNO (T5 *ANG$ COLOR1 HE WAS A REAL POLITICAL *AMELEON4 ,9 FACT HE ONLY WANT$ ,UKRA9IAN 9DEP5D5CE SO HE C\LD BECOME ! C\NTRY'S LEAD]4 ,?AT'S :Y ,MAKHNO KILL$ ,GRIGORYEV1 :O HE CONSID]$ A DANG]\S OPPON5T4 ,MAKHNO LOV$ P[] & ! FE> IT 9/ILL$ 9 PEOPLE4 ,HE 5JOY$ PEOPLE'S E/EEM & ALL ! TRAPP+S ( P[]4 ,I ONCE SAW ,MAKHNO & HIS WIFE >RIVE 9 T[N RID+ ON A WOND]FUL C>RIAGE CLAD ALL R\ND 9 BLUE CLO? & DRAWN BY ?REE M\SE-GRAY HORSES4 ,! PEOPLE /OOD & B[$1 TAK+ (F !IR FUR CAPS1 & ,MAKHNO & HIS WIFE ANSW]$ !IR SUBJECTS ) A CONDESC5D+ NOD4 ,A REAL ,GULYAI-,POLYE MON>*4 

,9 #aib ,GULYAI-,POLYE *ANG$ H&S ALMO/ MON?LY4 ,SKIRMI%ES & GUNFIRE W]E VIRTUALLY A DAILY OCCURR5CE4 ,!RE WAS FI<T+ & GUNFIRE EV]Y S+LE WEEK FROM ,JANU>Y TO ,AUGU/1 IF NOT LONG]4 ,QUITE (T5 WE HAD TO RUN HOME FROM WORK AMID MA*9EGUN FIRE1 OR ) %RAPNEL 9 ! AIR4 ,ON ! WOR/ DAYS %ELLS FROM SIX-9* GUNS & O!R LI<T] >TILL]Y W]E RA9+ D[N4 ,BUT !N ! >TILL]Y FIRE W\LD SUBSIDE1 !RE W\LD BE MORE RIFLE & MA*9EGUN FIRE1 ! S\ND ( HORSES' HOOVES ?AT HAD BE5 FA9T N[ GREW L\D] & CLE>]4 ,A NEW VICTOR WAS 5T]+ ! T[N4 

,I REMEMB] ONE TIME ! ,:ITES TOOK ! VILLAGE4 ,!Y W]E *AS+ A MAN & ?\<T HE HAD HIDD5 D[N 9 \R CELL>4 ,FI<T+ /ILL RAG$ 9 ! BACKGR\ND & ! SOLDI]S' RIFLES1 HELD AT ! READY1 W]E SMOK+4 0,EV]YONE \T ( ! CELL> & UP AGA9/ ! WALL601 !Y YELL$4 0,IF WE F9D HIM HID+ !RE -- Y\'LL ALL BE %OT60 

,WE ALL CRAWL$ UP \T 9TO ! C\RTY>D4 ,! GUNFIRE 9 ! VILLAGE CONT9U$ UNABAT$1 BULLETS FILL$ ! AIR1 & WE W]E ALL T]RIFI$ AT ! ?\<T ?AT SOMEONE HAD P]HAPS REALLY TAK5 REFUGE D[N 9 ! CELL>4 ,:AT W\LD HAPP5 TO US !N8 ,BUT EV]Y?+ TURN$ \T ALL RI<T 9 ! 5D4 

,! ,:ITES CAME1 & !N ! ,R$S4 ,!Y CONSID]$ ALL ! T[NSFOLK DY$-9-!-WOOL ,MAKHNOVI/S1 SO !RE W]E MANY >RE/S1 9T]ROGATIONS1 ETC4 

,WE REMA9$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE & GRADUALLY GOT US$ TO ALL ! P]ILS1 HID+ DUR+ ! FI<T+ 9 CELL>S & BASEM5TS4 ,BETWE5 5GAGEM5TS WE W\LD GO = WALKS & LOOK = SAF]1 BETT]-PROTECT$ PLACES TO HIDE4 ,DISCUSS+ :]E TO RUN & HIDE ! NEXT TIME & :]E WAS SAFE/ BECAME A PA/IME4 ,PEOPLE TOOK !IR VALUABLES TO ! CELL>S :5 !Y W5T TO HIDE BECAUSE !IR H\SES & FLATS W]E (T5 LOOT$ :ILE !Y W]E AWAY4 ,NOT BY ,MAKHNOVI/S1 BUT BY SIMPLE ?IEVES4 ,MAKHNOVI/S1 BY CONTRA/1 W5T & TOOK ?+S 9 FRONT ( PEOPLE'S EYES :5 !Y W]E AT HOME4 ,EV]YONE KNEW ?AT !IR H\SE OR FLAT WAS GO+ TO BE BURGL$1 BUT LIFE WAS DE>] ?AN BELONG+S1 & LOOT+ WAS JU/ SOME?+ Y\ HAD TO COME TO T]MS )4 ,!RE WAS A TEA*] :O1 :5 DANG] WAS AT H&1 PUT ON EV]Y?+ %E [N$ -- BO? H] ?ICK W9T] COAT & H] O!R LI<T] COAT1 AS WELL AS SEV]AL DRESSES4 ,%E EV5 F\ND A WAY ( WE>+ TWO PAIRS ( GALO%ES1 & AT ! 5D ( IT %E CUT A V]Y VOLUM9\S FIGURE4 ,SOMETIMES1 :5 HURRY+ TO HIDE1 %E W\LD GET /UCK 9 A F5CE :]E ! OP5+ WAS TOO N>R[ & HAD TO BE PU%$ ?R\<4 

,! POPULATION WAS AFRAID ( ALL MILIT>Y =CES1 & ( ,MAKHNO ABOVE ALL4 ,!Y ALL CAME = A :ILE & !N LEFT AGA91 SOMETIMES QUITE QUICKLY1 & :5 ,MAKHNO RETURN$ HE WAS ALWAYS ANGRY & V5GEFUL4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S' V5GEANCE WAS T]RIBLE4 ,A Y\NG PEASANT GIRL WAS %OT 9 \R C\RTY>D = D>+ TO SPEAK TO ! ,R$S :5 !Y W]E 9 CONTROL ( ! T[N4 ,NOT TO M5TION IF SOME?+ HAD BE5 BETRAY$ TO ! 5EMY4 ,EV5 SUSPICION ( SOME?+ SMALL1 H>MLESS & UNF\ND$1 C\LD LEAD TO TORTURE OR EV5 DEA?4 ,MAKHNO SAID3 0,IF JU/ ONE P]SON 9=MS ,I'LL SLAU<T] ! :OLE NEI<BORHOOD40 ,?OSE W]E NOT EMPTY WORDS -- HE WAS 9 A POSITION TO DO :AT HE SAID1 & HIS RETRIBUTIONS TOOK QUITE A TOLL ON ! ,G]MAN & ,JEWI% COMMUNITIES4 

,ONE DAY ,I HAD ! MIS=TUNE ( WITNESS+ ! TORTURE ( SOMEONE SUSPECT$ ( 9=M+ ON ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,A MAN ( COLOSSAL BUILD BUR/ 9TO \R C\RTY>D1 PU%+ ALONG A Y\NG PEASANT 9 FRONT ( HIM & ACT+ AS IF IT W]E SOME GAME4 ,! PEASANT WAS ( AV]AGE HEI<T1 BUT ALONGSIDE HIS GIANT TORM5TOR HE LOOK$ LIKE A *ILD4 ,N[ ! HULK ( A FELL[ L$ ! PEASANT UP TO ! WALL & PRESS$ HIS HEAD AGA9/ IT4 ,HE ORD]$ HIS VICTIM TO BA% HIS HEAD AGA9/ ! WALL & DO IT PROP] & H>D4 ,SEV]AL O!R ,MAKHNOVI/S /OOD BY WAT*+1 !Y BEGAN TO S+ & =C$ ! PEASANT TO DANCE4 ,BY N[ ! Y\NG MAN'S HEAD WAS BADLY HURT1 BLOOD WAS FL[+ D[N HIS FACE & TE>S /REAM+ FROM HIS EYES1 BUT ! ?UGS JU/ SLAPP$ HIM 9 ! FACE & ORD]$ HIM TO KEEP DANC+4 ,! POOR FELL[ FELL TO ! GR\ND1 Y\ C\LD SEE HE WAS DIZZY4 ,!N !Y UN%EA!D !IR SAB]S & BEGAN JABB+ HIM 9 ! RIBS4 ,HE DIDN'T EV5 GROAN OR SCREAM4 ,?IS POOR TORM5T$ FELL[ WAS AN ORD9>Y F>M] LAD :O !Y SUSPECT$1 )\T F\NDATION1 ( HAV+ 9=M$ ON ! ,MAKHNOVI/S TO ! ,R$S4 

,MAKHNO'S ESPIONAGE WAS V]Y EFFECTIVE1 & HE P]SONALLY TOOK P>T 9 ! GA!R+ ( 9=MATION4 ,I M5TION$ E>LI] H[ ,MAKHNO /ROLL$ AB\T ,POLOGI & ,GULYAI-,POLYE :ILE ! T[NS W]E UND] ,AU/RO-,HUNG>IAN CONTROL4 ,I ALSO SAW H[ HE WALK$ >\ND T[N :5 IT WAS CONTROLL$ BY ! ,:ITES1 DISGUIS$ AS AN OLD WOMAN NIBBL+ SUNFL[] SE$S4 ,AN ACQUA9TANCE PO9T$ HIM \T TO ME :5 HE WAS PLAY+ /ALLHOLD] AT ! M>KET2 ONCE HE PRET5D$ TO BE A BEGG>1 & ONCE HE EV5 GOT M>RI$ 9 A *UR*1 SKILLFULLY DISGUIS$ AS ! BRIDE4 ,MAKHNO KNEW EV]Y?+ ?AT W5T ON 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 & HIS 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE KNEW EV5 MORE4 ,:5 ,MAKHNO ORD]$ HIS SPIES TO F9D \T SOME?+1 JU/ = 05C\RAGEM5T0 HE PROMIS$ !M3 0,IF Y\ DON'T F9D \T1 Y\'RE DEAD60 ,%ORT & %>P4 ,& HE DID KILL1 )\T HESITATION4 ,?IS 05C\RAGEM5T0 WORK$ V]Y WELL1 & ,MAKHNO'S 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE WAS 9CR$IBLY SUCCESSFUL4 

,MAKHNO ONLY LEFT T[N :5 5EMY TROOPS W]E AT ! PO9T ( 5T]+ IT FROM ! O!R SIDE4 ,HE HAD NO 9FANTRY & ALL HIS TROOPS W]E M\NT$1 BE IT ON HORSEBACK OR ON TA*ANKI1 F\R-:EEL$ C>TS PULL$ BY TWO HORSES & 9 MO/ 9/ANCES M\NT$ ) A MA*9EGUN4 ,5EMY 9FANTRY SIMPLY C\LD NOT 5GAGE ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,ONE SUMM] A DETA*M5T ( ,R$ MILIT>Y S*OOL CADETS FROM ,L5+RAD 7OR RA!R ,PETROGRAD1 AS IT WAS /ILL CALL$ AT ! TIME7 WAS S5T TO FI<T ,MAKHNO4 ,SPL5DID Y\NG SOLDI]S4 ,WE TOLD !M AB\T ! ,MAKHNOVI/S' /R5G?S & H[ CUNN+ ,MAKHNO WAS4 ,WE W>N$ !M ?AT 9FANTRY W]E NO MAT* = M\NT$ TROOPS4 ,BUT !Y JU/ LAU<$1 GRE5 AS !Y W]E4 ,!N !Y W]E S5T TO TRY & CAT* ,MAKHNO1 ALL #af ( !M4 ,MAKHNO 9T5TIONALLY LET !M COME UP CLOSE TO DRAW !M 9TO A *ASE & !N MADE ! FOOT SOLDI]S PURSUE ! ,MAKHNOVI/S = >\ND #d KM BE=E ACCEPT+ BATTLE4 ,ONLY AB\T #c ( ! Y\NG ,BOL%EVIKS MADE IT BACK TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 & N[ !Y KNEW FROM BITT] EXP]I5CE ?AT 9FANTRY ALONE WAS NO USE AGA9/ ,MAKHNO4 ,AFT] ?AT ,I NEV] SAW A PURE 9FANTRY DETA*M5T 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE AGA9 -- IF 9FANTRY DID COME1 IT WAS ALWAYS ACCOMPANI$ BY CAVALRY4 

,MAKHNO MOV$ FA/ & NO-ONE KNEW :]E HE WAS & 9 :I* DIRECTION HE WAS HEAD+4 ,9 CASE ( DANG] ! ,MAKHNOVI/S LEFT TO HIDE 9 ,DIBROVSKY ,=E/ AB\T #d KM FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,?IS WAS A L>GE =E/ :]E !Y HAD UND]GR\ND TUNNELS ) SUB/ANTIAL QUANTITIES ( HIDD5 SUPPLIES & EQUIPM5T4 

,I MET ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA SEV]AL TIMES4 ,ONCE %E >RIV$ 9 ! VILLAGE & SUGGE/$ ORGANIZ+ A FUND-RAIS+ EV5+ = POOR S*OOL TEA*]S4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAD JU/ RETURN$ FROM A CAMPAIGN & HAD A LOT ( MONEY4 0,!Y'D JU/ SP5D IT ALL ON BOOZE & C>D GAMES ANYWAY10 %E SAID4 0,= ALL !Y C>E ! S*OOL C\LD BE CLOS$ D[N1 !RE'D BE NO MONEY1 & ! TEA*]S W\LD GO HUNGRY04 

,!RE WAS NO REFUS+ \R 0PATRON0 -- %E W\LD BE DEEPLY (F5D$1 & ,MAKHNO'S REV5GE W\LD FOLL[ -- SO ! TEA*]S HAD NO *OICE BUT TO ORGANIZE ! FUND-RAIS]4 ,ALL ( US :O W]E !RE ?AT EV5+ W]E AFRAID4 ,IT WAS KN[N ?AT ! ,R$S W]E PLANN+ A RAID ON ,GULYAI-,POLYE & WAS ON !IR GU>D4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S SET UP MA*9EGUNS >\ND ! !AT]4 ,IT SEEM$ ! %OOT+ W\LD BEG9 AT ANY MOM5T & WE W\LD BE =C$ TO RUN = %ELT]4 

,TEA*]S & SOME :ITE-COLL> WORK]S W]E =C$ TO /AFF ! BUFFET4 ,! PREMISES ( ! PICTURE !AT]1 :]E !RE W]E ALWAYS SOCIAL EV5TS OR FILM SCRE5+S 9 ! EV5+S1 WAS FULL ( PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,FIR/ A ,UKRA9IAN PLAY WAS PUT ON1 FOLL[$ BY A V>IETY %[ ) A RANGE ( ,UKRA9IAN SONGS4 ,! *OIR WAS V]Y GOOD4 ,! MA9 P]=MANCE HAD /ILL NOT BEGUN1 AL?\< ! TIME IT WAS S*$UL$ = HAD LONG PASS$4 ,MAKHNO HAD NOT YET >RIV$ & !Y DIDN'T D>E BEG9 )\T HIM4 ,F9ALLY ! B& /RUCK UP A FL\RI%3 ,MAKHNO HAD >RIV$ ) HIS WIFE & ALL ! HETMANS4 ,AS SOON AS !Y HAD TAK5 !IR SEATS UP 9 ! BOXES ! MA9 P]=MANCE BEGAN4 

,! BUFFET DID EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD BUS9ESS -- ! ,MAKHNOVI/S PAID G5]\SLY = EV]Y?+4 ,ALL ( A SUDD5 A SAILOR CAME UP TO MY TABLE ( ! BUFFET & BEGAN US+ SIGN LANGUAGE TO %[ ME :AT HE WANT$4 ,MAKHNO HAD A DEVOT$ FOLL[] :O WAS A MUTE & W\LD KILL :OEV] ,MAKHNO TOOK A DISLIKE TO -- HE JU/ NE$$ TO BE GIV5 A SIGN4 ,ONCE ! MAN HAD NO WEAPON ) :I* TO KILL ! DESIGNAT$ VICTIM1 SO HE SIMPLY SPRANG ON HIM & SUNK HIS TEE? 9TO HIS ?ROAT4 ,! MUTE ALWAYS WORE A SAILOR'S UNI=M4 ,I AUTOMATICALLY ASSUM$ ?AT IT WAS ! SAME MUTE /&+ AT MY TABLE4 ,MY HE>T SANK TO MY BOOTS1 & :5 ! MUTE TOOK IT 9TO HIS HEAD TO />T WRIT+ ME LITTLE 9TIMATE NOTES ,I LO/ MY HEAD4 ,:AT WAS ,I TO DO8 ,I MO/ C]TA9LY WAS NOT GO+ TO GO (F ANY:]E ) HIM1 & ! ?\<T ( RUNN+ AWAY WAS NO CONSOLATION -- :]E W\LD ,I RUN TO8 ,!Y'D CAT* ME ANYWAY4 ,BUT !N ,I REMEMB]$ :AT SOMEONE HAD TAU<T ME TO SAY 9 A PICKLE3 ?AT ,I WAS BUSY4 ,I WROTE ! MUTE A NOTE TO ?IS EFFECT1 & !N HE GAVE UP ! GAME4 ,TO TOP IT ALL (F HE EV5 />T$ TALK+4 ,IT HAD ALL JU/ BE5 = FUN1 A PRACTICAL JOKE TO FRI<T5 ME4 ,! REAL MUTE1 AS IT TURN$ \T1 HAD BE5 POISON$ NOT LONG BE=E ?AT EV5+1 BE IT 9T5TIONALLY OR BY ACCID5T4 

,AFT] ?AT 0PLEASANT ACQUA9TANCE0 ,I CALM$ D[N A LITTLE & CONT9U$ AT ! BUFFET4 ,I SAW ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA4 ,%E CAME UP TO GREET ME AS IF ,I W]E A NEWCOM]1 & 9VIT$ ME UP TO ! BOX ) H] P>TN]1 ,MAKHNO4 ,%E WAS A V]Y ATTRACTIVE BRUNET1 TALL1 %APELY1 ) WOND]FUL D>K EYES & A COMPLEXION :I*1 AL?\< D>K1 SEEM$ FRE% & HEAL?Y4 ,%E DIDN'T LOOK AT ALL LIKE A B&IT4 ,BECAUSE %E WAS %ORT-SI<T$ %E WORE A PAIR ( EYE GLASSES ) A P9CE-NEZ1 :I* EV5 SUIT$ H]4 

,AL?\< MY FIR/ IMPRESSION WAS RELATIVELY FAVORABLE1 ,I W5T UP TO ! BOX 9 FE>1 & = GOOD REASON4 ,I WAS %[N TO A SEAT RI<T BETWE5 ,MAKHNO & HIS WIFE1 & BEH9D & 9 ! NEI<BOR+ BOXES WAS ! 5TIRE G5]AL /AFF ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T & ALL ! LEAD]S4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA WAS V]Y FRI5DLY1 AS W]E ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 YET !RE ,I SAT RACK$ ) FE>4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,I KNEW !Y W]E RECKON+ ) AN ATTACK & ?AT ALL ! PEOPLE >\ND ME W]E NOT TRU/WOR?Y4 ,!Y EV5 TRI$ TO 0CALM0 ME BY SAY+3 0,( C\RSE SOME BOMBS >E GO+ TO BE ?R[N TODAY4 ,ALL ( US LEAD]S >E H]E1 & ! ,R$S KN[ IT04 ,I C\LDN'T /& ! PRESSURE & ASK$ ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA :5 %E WAS EXPECT+ ! ATTACK4 ,%E SYMPA?IZ$ & PROMIS$ TO TELL ME :5 IT W\LD BE TIME = ME TO LEAVE4 

,MAKHNO WAS DRESS$ 9 A D>K-COLOR$ UNI=M1 HIS FIELD DRESS4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA WAS WE>+ A D>K BLUE M5'S SUIT -- A LI<T1 TI<T-FITT+ COAT1 & WIDE TR\S]S4 ,A TALL1 BLACK A/RAKHAN CAP WAS ON H] HEAD4 ,MAKHNO SAT !RE SOB] & SEEM+LY DISCONT5T$1 ?\< EV]YONE V]Y MU* LIK$ ! PLAY4 ,9 ! 9T]VALS ! ,MAKHNOVI/S DRANK BE]1 HOME-DI/ILL$ VODKA ?AT !Y HAD BR\<T 9 BY ! CRATEFUL ?AT EV5+1 & O!R DR9KS4 ,EV]YONE LOOK$ FE>FULLY AT ,MAKHNO -- HIS DISCONT5T WAS B\ND TO MANIFE/ ITSELF 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R4 ,BUT !N SOMEONE />T$ S++ ,MAKHNO'S FAVORITE SONG3 0,\R ,MAKHNO1 ,CZ> & ,GOD1 FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE TO ,POLOG' 40 ,! B& CAU<T UP ! TUNE & ,MAKHNO BEGAN TO SMILE4 ,HE *E]$ UP & EV5 W5T D[N TO DANCE4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA1 ON ! O!R H&1 /AY$ UP/AIRS ) H] PEOPLE & W\LDN'T LET ME LEAVE4 ,!Y W]E ALL TALK+ ,UKRA9IAN1 ! PLAY WAS 9 ,UKRA9IAN1 A ,UKRA9IAN HOPAK WAS DANC$ ON /AGE1 & ! SONGS ?AT W]E SUNG W]E ALSO ,UKRA9IAN4 

,>\ND ELEV5 O'CLOCK ,MAKHNO'S WIFE SAID TO ME3 0,IT'S TIME = Y\ TO GO N[40 ,I LEFT1 & AS SOON AS ,I GOT HOME ! %OOT+ />T$4 ,! 9TELLIG5CE S]VICE HAD CONVEY$ CORRECT 9=MATION -- ! ,MAKHNOVI/S W]E W>N$ & READY & W]E ABLE TO LEAVE ! C9EMA UNH>M$ ) NO CASUALTIES4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S' MA*9EGUNS F\<T (F ! ,R$S1 PREV5T+ !M FROM COM+ ANY:]E NE> ! C9EMA4 

,MAKHNO'S WIFE1 FROM MY IMPRESSION1 WAS NOT A MALEVOL5T WOMAN4 ,ONCE %E VISIT$ ! H\SE :]E ,I R5T$ A ROOM4 ,%E WAS WE>+ A SEALSK9 COAT & LI<T-COLOR$ BOOTS4 ,%E WAS ATTRACTIVE & SMIL$1 & %E SEEM$ MORE LIKE AN ELEGANT LADY ?AN ! WIFE ( A B&IT :O W\LD H]SELF GO 9TO BATTLE OR FIRE A MA*9EGUN4 ,IT WAS SAID ?AT %E HAD S+LE-H&$LY KILL$ SEV]AL ,MAKHNOVI/S :O %E CAU<T PLUND]+ & RAP+4.<#e.> ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S W]E AFRAID ( H] TOO4 ,!Y US$ TO CALL H] ,MAT 7,MO!R71 JU/ AS !Y CALL$ ,MAKHNO ,BATKO 7,FA!R74 ,%E /AY$ AWAY FROM ,MAKHNO'S B\TS ( DR9K+1 BUT %E DID LOVE TO PLAY C>DS4 ,%E PLAY$ ) L>GE /AKES S9CE %E HAD A LOT ( MONEY :I* CAME NOT FROM H>D WORK BUT FROM B&ITRY4 

,:ILE ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA SAT ) US ?AT EV5+ %E TOLD US AB\T H]SELF & H] FAMILY4 ,H] P>5TS W]E CONS]VATIVE1 RELIGI\S PEASANTS4.<#f.> ,AT FIR/ !Y W]E UPSET AB\T !IR DAU<T]'S RELATION%IP ) ,MAKHNO1 BUT LAT] !Y CALM$ D[N A LITTLE :5 !Y F\ND \T ! C\PLE W]E M>RI$4 ,?AT'S :AT ,MAKHNO TOLD !M1 BUT ,I DON'T KN[ IF IT WAS REALLY TRUE BECAUSE ,MAKHNO DIDN'T BELIEVE 9 GO+ TO *UR*4 ,9 ANY CASE1 H] MO!R & FA!R W]E NOT OV]LY FOND ( !IR SON-9-LAW4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA'S P>5TS LIV$ 9 A VILLAGE AB\T #a KM FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 & ONE DAY ! OLD C\PLE W]E KILL$ 9 AN ATTACK BY ! ,:ITES4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA NEV] =GAVE ! ,:ITES = ?IS & SPOKE ( H] P>5TS' DEA? ) GREAT BITT]NESS & EMOTION4 ,H] BRO!R & SI/]-9-LAW W]E ALL ?AT N[ REMA9$ ( H] IMM$IATE FAMILY4 ,?IS BRO!R1 :O WAS 9 NO WAY 9T]E/$ 9 POLITICS OR ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T1 WAS =C$ TO TAG ALONG BEH9D ! ,MAKHNOVI/S ) HIS FAMILY4 ,9 G5]AL1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S ALWAYS TOOK DEP5D5TS & H\SEHOLD MEMB]S ) !M :5 !Y LEFT1 = !Y W]E 9 MORTAL DANG] AS WELL4 ,MAKHNO'S MO!R ALSO MOV$ ) ! 9SURG5TS OR1 [+ TO H] AGE1 WAS PUT 9 SAFE HID+ SOME:]E4 ,ONE P]SON ! ,MAKHNOVI/S TOOK ALONG ) !M WAS A R\<LY N9E-YE>-OLD BOY1 ! SON ( A FRI5D & COMRADE ( ,MAKHNO'S :O HAD BE5 KILL$4 ,! BOY HAD A SMALL HORSE1 & HE (T5 ACCOMPANI$ ! DETA*M5T EV5 :5 IT W5T \T ON CAMPAIGN4 ,NO ATT5TION WAS GIV5 TO FAMILIES -- :5 IT CAME TO BATTLE ! COMMON CAUSE TOOK PRIORITY OV] ! WELF>E ( 9DIVIDUALS1 & A FAMILY HAD TO F9D ITS [N WAY \T ( TR\BLE4 

,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA TOLD US ?AT %E REBUFF$ ,MAKHNO :5 HE FIR/ MADE APPROA*ES TO H]4 ,%E WAS V]Y FRI<T5$ & HID 1 BUT !N %E GRADUALLY GREW US$ TO HIM4 ,BESIDES1 A TEA*]'S LIFE 9 A SMALL T[N WAS NEI!R *E]FUL NOR SWEET1 & H] RELATION%IP ) ,MAKHNO GAVE H] P[] & A LIFE FULL ( ADV5TURE1 WORLDS AP>T FROM ! O!RWISE DULL LIFE ( A PROV9CIAL T[N4 ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA WAS QUITE AN 9TELLIG5T WOMAN & %E HAD 9T]E/+ TALES TO TELL4 

#c4 ,MEMOIRS BY ,AGAFYA ,A4 ,KUZM5KO 

,9 #aiag FATE BR\<T ME TOGE!R ) A MAN :O ,I IMAG9$ TO BE ! PEOPLE'S LIB]ATOR FROM ,CZ>I/ TYRANNY1 ,NE/OR ,IVANOVI* ,MAKHNO4 ,I LIV$ ?R\< MANY1 MANY MIS=TUNES & SC&ALS ) HIM DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,:5 HIS >MY WAS DEFEAT$ & ! REMNANTS SCATT]$ WE FL$ TO ,POL&4 ,!RE WE W]E TRI$ & DEPORT$4 ,WE F9ALLY 5D$ UP 9 ,FRANCE4 ,9 ,P>IS ! ,:ITE EMIGRES & ,PETLYURA SUPPORT]S GAVE US A HO/ILE RECEPTION BECAUSE ,MAKHNO HAD F\<T AGA9/ ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS & ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/S4 ,LIFE 9 ,P>IS WAS V]Y H>D4 ,AFT] QUITE SOME DIFFICULTY ,MAKHNO MANAG$ TO GET A JOB AT A FILM /UDIO1 & ,I F\ND WORK AS A LAUNDRESS = A RI* FAMILY4 ,NE/OR SUFF]$ FROM TUB]CULOSIS & ! EFFECTS ( HIS W>TIME W\NDS1 HE WAS SICK ALL ! TIME4 ,FROM TIME TO TIME HE W\LD WORK A LITTLE -- AS WELL AS MAK+ PROPS & SC5]Y AT A FILM /UDIO HE WAS A %OEMAK] = A :ILE & LAT] WORK$ AT A ,FR5* NEWSPAP] (FICE4 ,HE ALSO WROTE HIS MEMOIRS4 

#d4 ,MAKHNO 9 ,P>IS BY ,IDA ,METT 

,%ORTLY BE=E ! W> ,I WROTE D[N MY MEMORIES ( ,MAKHNO :O ,I HAD GOT TO KN[ DUR+ MY TIME 9 ,P>IS4 ,!SE NOTES W]E !N LO/ DUR+ ! W>4 ,BUT SEE+ :AT SOME PEOPLE HAVE WRITT5 AB\T ,MAKHNO1 ,I'VE DECID$ TO WRITE D[N ?OSE MEMORIES AGA9 SO AS TO SET ! /ORY /RAI<T4 

,9 ORD] TO PRES5T A FULL PICTURE ( ,MAKHNO IT W\LD PROBABLY BE NECESS>Y TO PORTRAY HIM AT ! TIME ( HIS 0GREATNESS0 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,BUT H[ DO WE DECIDE :O WAS ! 0REAL0 ,MAKHNO -- ! VIBRANT FIGURE R5[N ?R\<\T ! ,UKRA9E1 OR ! IMPOV]I%$ EMIGRE LANGUI%+ ABROAD8 ,I ?9K HI/ORICAL ACCURACY IS IMPORTANT ABOVE ALL ELSE1 SO ,I WILL TRY & RELATE EV]Y?+ ,I REMEMB] FROM :5 ,I KNEW HIM4 

,ALL MANN] ( LEG5DS >OSE AB\T 0,BATKO ,MAKHNO0 & HIS MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,ONE DAY ! TELEGRAPH AG5CY ,RO/A W\LD REPORT ?AT ,MAKHNO HAD BE5 TAK5 PRISON] BY ! ,RUSSIANS1 & ! NEXT DAY ! NEWS W\LD BE 5TIRELY DIFF]5T4 ,BE+ A Y\NG /UD5T :O DREAM$ ( H]OIC DE$S & ABSOLUTE FRE$OM ,I IMAG9$ ,MAKHNO TO BE A REAL H]O -- BRAVE1 /RONG1 FE>LESS1 UNSELFI% -- A FI<T] = ! POPUL> CAUSE4 ,I REMEMB] ?AT !Y SAID 9 ! ,UKRA9E ?AT ,MAKHNO HAD ONCE BE5 A PRIM>Y-S*OOL TEA*]4 ,& SO H]E ,I COME TO ,P>IS 9 #aibe & F9D \T ?AT ,MAKHNO IS ALSO !RE4 ,I WAIT$ IMPATI5TLY = AN OPPORTUNITY TO MEET HIM1 & SOON ,I HAD ! *ANCE4 ,I MET HIM 9 ! SMALL HOTEL ROOM :]E HE LIV$ ) HIS WIFE & DAU<T]4 ,HE WAS COMPLETELY DIFF]5T TO :AT ,I EXPECT$3 %ORT & FRAIL LOOK+1 NOT AT ALL ONE :O /OOD \T4 ,LAT] ,I WAS ABLE TO MEET HIM REGUL>LY1 & :5 ,I GOT TO KN[ HIM ,I BETT] UND]/OOD HIS *>ACT] & HIS ROLE 9 ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 

,! MO/ SIGNIFICANT ?+ AB\T ,MAKHNO1 ,I ?9K1 WAS ?AT HE ALWAYS REMA9$ ESS5TIALLY A ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT4 ,9 NO WAY C\LD Y\ SAY HE WAS C>EFREE1 BECAUSE DEEP D[N HE WAS A REAL1 ?RIFTY PEASANT1 ) A P]FECT UND]/&+ ( SMALL-T[N LIFE & ! CONC]NS ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE4 

,MAKHNO BECAME A REVOLUTION>Y1 A T]RORI/1 9 HIS E>LY Y\?4 ,HIS :OLE WAY ( LIFE WAS A P]FECT REFLECTION ( HIS TIMES4 ,HE GREW UP 9 ! L>GE FAMILY ( A POOR AGRICULTURAL WORK]4 ,:5 HE WAS /ILL A JUV5ILE HE & SOME FRI5DS CON/RUCT$ BOMBS1 & ONCE ! BOY PUT ONE ( HIS 0PRODUCTS0 9 ! BAS9 :I* HIS MO!R NORMALLY US$ = MIX+ D\<4 ,Y\ CAN IMAG9E HIS POOR MO!R'S AMAZEM5T & MORTAL FE> :5 %E HE>D ! EXPLOSION & SAW ! BAS9 FLY \T ( ! OV54 ,SOON AFT] ?AT TRAGICOMIC EPISODE ,MAKHNO MADE AN ATTEMPT ON ! LIFE ( A LOCAL POLICEMAN1 = :I* HE WAS CONDEMN$ TO DEA?4 ,HE WAS JU/ SEV5TE5 AT ! TIME1 & ONLY HIS MO!R'S PLEAD+ & 9T]V5TION SAV$ HIS LIFE3 HIS S5T5CE WAS COMMUT$ TO LIFE IMPRISONM5T4 ,MAKHNO REMA9$ BEH9D B>S UNTIL ! REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g4 

,! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag OP5$ ! PRISON DOORS & ,MAKHNO WAS AGA9 FREE4 ,BY N[ HE WAS TW5TY-FIVE.<#g.> & WAS >M$ ) AN 9TELLECT ACQUIR$ AT ! REVOLUTION>Y 0UNIV]SITY0 ( ,BUTIRKY PRISON4 ,MAKHNO DID NOT /AY 9 ,MOSC[ = LONG4 ,HE HURRI$ BACK TO HIS HOME T[N ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE & ?REW HIMSELF 9TO ! MAEL/ROM ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,MAKHNO 5JOY$ GREAT AU?ORITY AMONG ! PEOPLE ( HIS REGION1 & ! FIR/ AN>*I/ GR\PS HE F\ND$ W]E MADE UP ( LOCAL PEASANTS4 ,:5 HE LAT] TRI$ TO WRITE A HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T HE GAVE !SE GR\PS ! CR$IT = HAV+ BE5 ! MOTOR =CE BEH9D ! P>TISAN MOVEM5T4 ,HE D5I$ ! ROLE ( AN>*I/S FROM \TSIDE & SAW !M JU/ AS 0SPECIAL GUE/S0 :O GAVE NO?+ ( SUB/ANCE TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,MAKHNO WAS FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT IT WAS HIS S]VICE ALONE ?AT ! MOVEM5T BECAME AN>*I/4 

,WAS ,MAKHNO AN UPRI<T MAN :O WI%$ ! BE/ = HIS PEOPLE1 OR WAS IT JU/ BY *ANCE ?AT HE 5D$ UP 9 ! MID/ ( ?AT G5]AL MELEE8 ,I ?9K HE WAS S9C]E 9 HIS SOCIAL PASSIONS4 ,HE WAS A POLITICAL LEAD] ) NATURAL TAL5T1 ?\< AT TIMES HE LET HIMSELF BE DRAWN 9TO HAZ>D\S MILIT>Y ADV5TURES :]E EV5 HIS POLITICAL KN[L$GE & P]SONAL CAPABILITIES W]E NO GU>ANTEE ( SUCCESS OR SURVIVAL4 ,NONE!LESS1 ,I ?9K HE WAS DEF9ITELY ! RI<T P]SON = ! ROLE ( POPUL> AV5G]4 ,9CID5TALLY1 ! WEAKNESS ( ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T WAS ALSO ! WEAKNESS ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y PEASANTRY 9 ALL ( ,RUSSIA3 IT HAD NO CLE> GOALS & CONCRETE TASKS4 ,! PEASANTS WANT$ L& & FRE$OM ABOVE ALL ELSE1 BUT !Y DIDN'T KN[ H[ TO MAKE USE ( EI!R4 ,?IS WEAKNESS P>TIALLY EXPLA9S :Y EV5 TODAY ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTRY IS UNABLE TO SUCCESSFULLY OPPOSE ! NEW FEUDALISM IMPOS$ BY ,/AL94 

,I REMEMB] ,MAKHNO ONCE TELL+ ME HIS DREAM4 ,IT WAS AUTUMN #a#i#b#g4 ,WE W]E WALK+ 9 ! ,BOIS DE ,V9C5NES4 ,P]HAPS ! BEAUTY ( NATURE PUT HIM 9 A POETIC MOOD & MADE HIM 9CL9$ TO TELL ME HIS DREAM4 ,! Y\NG ,MIKHNIY5KO 7,MAKHNO'S ACTUAL SURNAME7 W\LD RETURN TO HIS HOME T[N ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 />T WORK1 LEAD A QUIET1 CLEAN LIFE1 & M>RY A Y\NG PEASANT GIRL4 ,HE HAD A GOOD HORSE & GOOD GE>4 ,HE & HIS WIFE W\LD RETURN HOME 9 ! EV5+ AFT] A SUCCESSFUL DAY AT ! M>KET SELL+ ! FRUITS ( ! H>VE/4 ,!Y ALSO B\<T PRES5TS !RE4 ,MAKHNO GOT SO C>RI$ AWAY ) ! /ORY ?AT HE COMPLETELY =GOT HE WAS N[ 9 ,P>IS & HAD NEI!R L&1 NOR A H\SE1 NOR A Y\NG WIFE4 ,AT ?AT TIME HE & HIS WIFE W]E LIV+ AP>T -- !Y SEP>AT$ MANY TIMES ONLY TO REUNITE & TRY TO LIVE TOGE!R AGA94 ,HEAV5 ONLY KN[S :Y IT TURN$ \T ?AT WAY4 ,MAKHNO'S WIFE PROBABLY DIDN'T LOVE HIM ANY MORE1 & :O KN[S IF %E EV] DID4 ,%E WAS A ,UKRA9IAN TEA*] & H] VIEWS W]E CLOS] TO ?OSE ( ! ,PETLYURA CAMP -- %E NEV] REALLY HAD ANY?+ 9 COMMON ) ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 

,I ONCE READ SOME:]E ?AT ,MAKHNO HAD BECOME AN AN>*I/ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( A TEA*] HE LAT] M>RI$4 ,?AT IS COMPLETE & UTT] NONS5SE4 ,HE DIDN'T GET TO KN[ ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO UNTIL HE WAS ALREADY FAM\S AS ,BATKO ,MAKHNO4.<#h.> ,EVID5TLY ! SIMPLE TEA*] WAS ATTRACT$ TO ! PROSPECT ( BE+ ! WIFE ( ! P[]FUL HETMAN ( ! ,UKRA9E4 ,H[EV]1 %E WAS NOT ! ONLY WOMAN 9 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO'S GOOD GRACES4 ,MAKHNO TOLD ME 9 ,P>IS ?AT AT ! TIME ( HIS GREATE/ P[] PEOPLE CAME & TOADI$ TO HIM1 & HE C\LD HAVE HAD ANY WOMAN HE WI%$1 BUT 9 REALITY HE HAD NO TIME = A PRIVATE LIFE4 ,MAKHNO TOLD ME ?IS TO DEBUNK ! MY? AB\T ! DRUNK5 ORGIES HE IS SUPPOS$ TO HAVE TAK5 P>T 94 ,MAKHNO WAS 9 FACT A CLEAN MAN1 ONE C\LD ALMO/ SAY *A/E4 ,IT SEEM$ TO ME ?AT HIS ATTITUDE TO WOM5 COMB9$ A K9D ( PEASANT SIMPLICITY ) A RESPECT = ! WEAK] SEX *>ACT]I/IC ( ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y CIRCLES >\ND ! TURN ( ! C5TURY4 ,SOMETIMES ) S9C]E REGRET HE RECALL$ HIS FIR/ WIFE1 A PEASANT GIRL FROM HIS HOME T[N :O HE M>RI$ %ORTLY AFT] HIS RELEASE FROM PRISON 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,A *ILD WAS BORN ( !IR M>RIAGE1 BUT :5 ,MAKHNO HAD TO GO 9TO HID+ DUR+ ! ,G]MAN OCCUPATION SOMEONE TOLD HIS WIFE ?AT HE HAD BE5 KILL$1 & %E M>RI$ AGA94 ,! *ILD DI$4 ,MAKHNO NEV] SAW HIS FIR/ WIFE AGA94 

,MAKHNO HAD A PROM95T SC> ON HIS RI<T *EEK RUNN+ ALL ! WAY D[N TO HIS L[] LIP AS ! RESULT ( A BL[ DEALT TO HIM BY HIS WIFE ,GAL9A :O ONCE TRI$ TO KILL HIM :ILE HE WAS ASLEEP4 ,?AT HAPP5$ :ILE !Y W]E 9 ,POL&1 & IT SEEMS %E WAS 9 LOVE ) AN (FIC] FROM ! ,PETLYURA MOVEM5T AT ?AT TIME4 ,I DON'T KN[ = SURE :AT ! P>TICUL> MOTIVE = SU* A SAVAGE ACT WAS4 ,(T51 9 SOCIETY1 ,MAKHNO'S WIFE W\LD TRY TO COMPROMISE & DEGRADE HIM H[EV] POSSIBLE4 ,ONCE1 9 MY PRES5CE1 %E SAID AB\T SOMEONE3 0,N[ ?AT'S A REAL G5]AL1 NOT LIKE ,NE/OR WAS40 ,BY SAY+ ?AT %E OBVI\SLY WANT$ TO %[ ?AT %E DIDN'T CONSID] H] HUSB& A REAL MILIT>Y LEAD]4 ,H[EV]1 ,GAL9A KNEW FULL WELL ?AT :5 ,MAKHNO WAS 9 ,ROMANIA ! GOV]NM5T !RE HAD R5D]$ HIM HOMAGE BEFITT+ A HI<-RANK+ COMM&]4 

,9 ,P>IS ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO WORK$ AS A DOME/IC S]VANT & COOK4 ,%E FELT %E WAS PR$E/9$ = A BETT] LOT & ?\<T FATE WAS V]Y UNK9D TO H]4 ,9 #a#i#b#f-#b#g %E APPLI$ TO ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES = P]MISSION TO RETURN TO ,RUSSIA4 ,MOSC[ REJECT$ H] APPLICATION1 TO MY KN[L$GE1 BUT ,I DON'T ?9K ,MAKHNO EV] =GAVE H] = SUBMITT+ IT4 ,! FACT ?AT !Y REMA9$ TOGE!R WAS PROBABLY DUE TO !IR WEAKNESS & 9ABILITY TO 5D ! RELATION%IP4 ,AFT] ,MAKHNO DI$ ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO TOOK UP ) ,VOL9E4 ,TOGE!R !Y ALSO COMMITT$ A MO/ IGNOBLE ACT -- !Y /OLE ,MAKHNO'S P]SONAL DI>Y FROM UND] HIS PILL[4 ,SO IT WAS ?AT ?IS UNIQUE MANUSCRIPT WAS NEV] BR\<T TO LI<T4 ,?IS WAS ,MAKHNO'S J\RNAL = ! DURATION ( HIS TIME 9 EXILE4 ,9 IT HE NOT$ HIS IMPRESSIONS ( COMRADES1 !IR ACTIVITIES1 & MU* MORE BESIDES4 ,I KN[ IT EXI/$ BECAUSE 9 #aicb ,MAKHNO TOLD ME HE'D LIKE TO GET MY IMPRESSION ( EV5TS :I* ,I TOO HAD WITNESS$2 HE WANT$ TO ASSURE HIMSELF ?AT HIS DI>Y 5TRY WAS A PRECISE ACC\NT ( :AT HAPP5$4 

,IF ,I'M NOT MI/AK5 ,GAL9A ,KUZM5KO />T$ A RELATION%IP ) A ,G]MAN (FIC] AFT] ! ,NAZI OCCUPATION ( ,FRANCE1 & %E & H] DAU<T] W5T TO ,B]L9 :]E %E WAS LAT] KILL$ 9 ! BOMB+ ( ! CITY4 ,BUT MAYBE ?AT'S WRONG & %E'S /ILL ALIVE SOME:]E4 ,IT CANNOT BE EXCLUD$ ?AT %E IS LIV+ SOME:]E 9 ,RUSSIA4.<#i.> 

,MAKHNO LOV$ HIS DAU<T] V]Y MU*4 ,I DON'T KN[ :AT !IR RELATION%IP WAS LIKE AT ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 BUT :5 %E WAS A SMALL GIRL ,MAKHNO W\LD PLAY ) H] )\T 5D1 HE REALLY PAMP]$ H]4 ,!RE W]E TIMES :5 HE GOT ANGRY & GAVE H] A SMACK1 BUT AFT]W>DS HE WAS UTT]LY MIS]ABLE AT ! ?\<T ?AT HE HAD RAIS$ HIS H& AGA9/ H]4 ,NE/OR DREAM$ ( HIS DAU<T] GETT+ AN $UCATION4 ,I ONLY SAW H] ONCE AFT] HIS DEA?1 %E WAS SEV5TE54 ,%E LOOK$ A LOT LIKE ,MAKHNO1 BUT %E SEEM$ TO KN[ LITTLE AB\T HIM1 & ,I DON'T ?9K %E WAS 9T]E/$ 9 HIS FATE4 

,AS F> AS ,MAKHNO'S RELATIONS ) ,VOL9E >E CONC]N$1 ,I'M SURE ,MAKHNO NEI!R LIK$ NOR RESPECT$ ! MAN :O WAS TO BECOME HIS WIFE'S P>TN]4 ,MAKHNO CONSID]$ HIM UNWOR?Y & LACK+ 9 *>ACT]4 ,MAKHNO (T5 TOLD ME ?AT 9 ! ,UKRA9E ,VOL9E TOADI$ TO HIM & NEV] HAD ! C\RAGE TO SAY HIS [N OP9ION :5 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO WAS >\ND4 ,ONCE A ,BOL%EVIK P>LIAM5T>IAN BY ! NAME ( ,POLONSKY WAS EXECUT$ AT ,MAKHNOVI/ HEADQU>T]S4.<#a.> ,MANY MEMB]S ( ! G5]AL /AFF W]E UNHAPPY ) ?IS4 ,VOL9E >RIV$ AT ! HEADQU>T]S1 & :5 HE HE>D :AT HAD HAPP5$ HE ASK$3 0,:AT DOES ,BATKO ?9K8 ,IF HE SAYS IT WAS ! RI<T ?+ TO DO ,I WON'T GO 9TO ! ISSUE40 ,MAKHNO WAS SITT+ 9 ! NEXT ROOM & HAD GOT TIPSY4 ,:5 HE HE>D HIS COMRADES TALK+ HE CAME 9 & W5T UP TO ,VOL9E3 0,SO Y\ DON'T GIVE A DAMN ?AT A MAN HAS JU/ BE5 %OT8 ,Y\ DON'T EV5 ASK :Y HE WAS EXECUT$6 ,AS LONG AS ,BATKO APPROVES IT'S ALRI<T1 HUH8 ,BUT A MAN CAN MAKE MI/AKES1 CAN'T HE1 ESPECIALLY :5 HE'S DRUNK4 ,:AT DO Y\ SAY TO ?AT1 EH80 ,VOL9E DECID$ IT WAS PRUD5T NOT TO ANSW]4 

,:5 ,MAKHNO WAS LIV+ 9 ,P>IS1 ALONE & 9 POV]TY1 ! SITUATION WAS DIFF]5T4 ,MANY N[ F\ND ! C\RAGE TO %>PLY CRITICIZE HIS ROLE 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,MAKHNO WAS SUFFICI5TLY A/UTE TO REALIZE :AT WAS GO+ ON4 ,HE HAT$ CRITICS ( ?IS K9D ) A V5GEANCE4 ,BUT :5 SOMEONE SPOKE ! TRU? TO HIM1 & HE SAW ?AT HIS OPPON5T WAS S9C]E1 HE MAY HAVE BE5 (F5D$1 BUT !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT DEEP 9SIDE HE RESPECT$ PEOPLE CAPABLE ( SU* OBJECTIVITY4 

,I CAN GIVE AN EXAMPLE FROM MY [N EXP]I5CE ( ,MAKHNO'S S5SITIVITY TO CRITICISM4 ,ONCE ,I HAPP5$ TO BE TYP+ A COPY ( HIS MEMOIRS4 ,AT ONE PO9T ,I NOTIC$ ?AT FACTS ( HI/ORICAL 9T]E/ W]E 9T]SP]S$ ) EXC]PTS ( SPEE*ES MADE AT PUBLIC MEET+S 9 ! FIR/ FEW MON?S ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,!SE BITS W]E NOT P>TICUL>LY ORIG9AL & DID NOT DES]VE TO BE CIT$ SO MANY YE>S AFT]W>DS4 ,SPEE*ES LIKE ?AT W]E MADE ON EV]Y /REET CORN] 9 #a#i#a#g1 & COMMITT+ !M TO PAP] WAS NO GREAT FEAT4 ,I TOLD ,MAKHNO ?AT HIS MEMOIRS W]E V]Y 9T]E/+ BUT IT WAS NO WAY TO WRITE A BOOK4 ,FACTS & DOCUM5TS NE$ TO BE SELECT$ & >RANG$ SO AS TO =M AN 9TEGRAL :OLE4 ,MAKHNO HAD WRITT5 TWO BOOKS AT ?AT /AGE BUT HADN'T YET GOT TO ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A -- ALL HE HAD WRITT5 WAS A K9D ( PRELUDE4 ,NE/OR LI/5$ ATT5TIVELY TO ALL ,I SAID BUT DIDN'T ?9K ( FOLL[+ MY ADVICE4 ,NOT R5[N = BE+ P>TICUL>LY TACTFUL1 ,I SAID TO HIM3 0,Y\'RE A GREAT SOLDI]1 BUT NOT A WRIT]4 ,:Y DON'T Y\ ASK ONE ( Y\R FRI5DS TO HELP Y\ WRITE Y\R MEMOIRS8 ,M>IA ,GOLDSMID = EXAMPLE40 

,MAKHNO NEV] =GAVE ME ?OSE WORDS4 ,P]HAPS T[>DS ! 5D ( HIS LIFE HE DID REMEMB] MY ADVICE AFT] ALL1 S9CE ?+S TURN$ \T JU/ AS ,I HAD FE>$3 ! BOOK ON ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WAS NOT COMPLET$4 ,ONE ( ,MAKHNO'S FRI5DS1 A ,FR5*MAN1 (F]$ HIM MAT]IAL ASSI/ANCE SO HE C\LD COMPLETE HIS MEMOIRS1 BUT :5 HE SAW NO SIGN ( ! WORK EV] 5D+ HE /OPP$ GIV+ MONEY4 ,MAKHNO WAS =C$ TO E>N HIS LIV+ AGA91 & SO IT WAS ?AT HE NEV] F9I%$ HIS MEMOIRS4 ,9 ! LA/ YE>S ( HIS LIFE ,MAKHNO LIV$ 9 ABJECT POV]TY :I* WAS 9 NO WAY CONDUCIVE TO WRIT+4 

,WAS ,MAKHNO AN ANTI-,SEMITE8 ,I'M CONV9C$ HE WASN'T4 ,HE CONSID]$ ! ,JEWS A CAPABLE & 9TELLIG5T PEOPLE1 P]HAPS HE SLI<TLY 5VI$ !M1 BUT !RE WAS NEV] ! SLI<TE/ TRACE ( HO/ILITY 9 HIS RELATIONS ) ,JEWS4 ,! ACCUSATIONS ( ANTI-,SEMITISM GRIEV$ ,MAKHNO1 NO D\BT1 & AS A /RONG 9T]NATIONALI/ HE FELT ! GRAVE DANG] ( ?IS K9D ( ACCUSATION4 ,MAKHNO WAS PR\D ( HAV+ EXECUT$ ,HETMAN ,GRIGORYEV & HE AFFIRM$ ?AT ! RUMORS ( ,MAKHNOVI/S C>RY+ \T POGROMS W]E A DESPICABLE LIE4 

,:5 ,I ASK MYSELF H[ IT WAS POSSIBLE = A P]SON SU* AS ,MAKHNO TO ATTA9 SU* 9CR$IBLE P[] OV] PEOPLE 9 HIS TIME1 ,I GUESS ,I SEE ,MAKHNO AS A TRUE ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT 9 ! DEP?S ( HIS HE>T4 ,HE NEV] BECAME ANY?+ ELSE4 ,MOREOV]1 HE WAS LIKE A GREAT ACTOR :O UND]W5T A TRANS=MATION BEYOND RECOGNITION :5 9 FRONT ( A CR[D4 ,9 A SMALL CIRCLE ( PEOPLE HE COMMUNICAT$ ) DIFFICULTY4 ,HIS HABIT ( US+ GR& WORDS SEEM$ ABSURD & \T ( PLACE 9 AN 9TIMATE 5VIRONM5T4 ,BUT Y\ JU/ NE$$ TO PUT HIM 9 FRONT ( A L>GE AUDI5CE & !RE EM]G$ A BRILLIANT1 ELOQU5T1 SELF-CONFID5T ORATOR4 ,ONCE ,I ATT5D$ A PUBLIC MEET+ 9 ,P>IS ON ! QUE/ION ( ANTI-,SEMITISM & ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T4 ,I WAS /RUCK BY ! 9CR$IBLE P[]S ( TRANS=MATION :I* ?IS ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT POSSESS$4 

,ANO!R TRAIT ( ,MAKHNO'S *>ACT] NO D\BT CONTRIBUT$ TO HIS SUCCESS ) ! MASSES -- HIS UNBELIEVABLE BRAV]Y & D>+4 ,>%9OV1 DESPITE HAV+ A PAT5TLY HO/ILE RELATION%IP TO ,MAKHNO1 RELAT$ ?AT ,MAKHNO WALK$ >\ND UND] 5EMY FIRE AS IF IT W]E NO?+ BUT RA94 ,>%9OV CONSID]$ BRAV]Y ( ?AT K9D A PSY*OLOGICAL ANOMALY4 

,9 HIS YE>S AS AN EMIGRE ,MAKHNO1 LIKE MANY O!R FAM\S PEOPLE1 SUFF]$ FROM ! 9ABILITY TO ADAPT TO NORMAL1 EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,IT SEEM$ HE WAS VEX$ IF PEOPLE W]E NOT TALK+ AB\T HIM4 ,& !RE=E HE WAS CON/ANTLY GIV+ 9T]VIEWS TO J\RNALI/S1 ?\< HE KNEW FULL WELL H[ HO/ILE MANY ( ! P>TIES & PEOPLE >\ND HIM W]E4 ,ONCE A ,UKRA9IAN J\RNALI/ ASK$ ME TO >RANGE AN 9T]VIEW ) ,MAKHNO4 ,I ADVIS$ ,NE/OR NOT TO GIVE AN 9T]VIEW -- ,I C\LD JU/ SEE ! J\RNALI/ WAS GO+ TO TWI/ HIS WORDS & !RE W\LD BE NO WAY ( REFUT+ :AT WAS PR9T$4 ,BUT ,MAKHNO DIDN'T LI/54 ,! J\RNALI/ DI/ORT$ HIS WORDS & PUBLI%$ :AT HE WANT$4 ,MAKHNO WAS FURI\S1 BUT ,I DON'T ?9K ?IS BAD EXP]I5CE TAU<T HIM A LESSON4 

,WAS ,MAKHNO EV] ABLE TO REV]T TO BE+ A 0LITTLE0 P]SON8 ,HE PROBABLY DREAM$ ( LIV+ AS A SIMPLE PEASANT1 BUT ( C\RSE ?IS WAS N[ IMPOSSIBLE4 

,I REMEMB] ONE DAY WE W]E TALK+ AB\T ! FATE ( ! ,SOVIET G5]ALS ,BUDYONNY & ,VORO%ILOV4 ,MAKHNO'S ATTITUDE TO !M WAS M>K$ BY PR(ESSIONAL RESPECT1 & ,I EV5 HAD ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! IDEA CAME TO HIS M9D -- P]HAPS 9VOLUNT>ILY -- ?AT HE TOO C\LD HAVE BECOME A ,R$ ,>MY G5]AL4 ,BUT HE NEV] SPOKE ( ?IS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE TOLD ME ?AT IF HE W]E EV] TO RETURN TO ,RUSSIA HE W\LD HAVE TO UND]TAKE A S]I\S /UDY ( ! >TS ( W>4 ,?IS ADMISSION CAN P]HAPS BE CONSID]$ A DREAM SPOK5 AL\D4 ,BUT ,I'M CONV9C$ ?AT IF ,MAKHNO RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA IT W\LD ONLY HAVE TAK5 A DAY OR TWO = HIM TO FALL \T ) HIS SUP]IORS4 ,HE WAS ALWAYS AN HONE/ MAN & C\LD NOT TOL]ATE SOCIAL 9JU/ICE4 

,DID ,MAKHNO REALLY BELIEVE 9 ! AN>*ISM HE ADVOCAT$8 ,I DON'T ?9K SO4 ,IT'S MORE LIKELY ?AT HE JU/ REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO HIS Y\?FUL PASSIONS1 & AT ?AT TIME AN>*ISM WAS A K9D ( BELIEF1 A FAI? :I* SEEM$ CAPABLE ( *ANG+ ! FACE ( ! E>? & MAK+ ! POOR HAPPY4 ,MAKHNO HAD A L[ OP9ION ( ! AN>*I/S HE KNEW 9 ,RUSSIA >\ND ! TIME ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE CONSID]$ !M 9COMPET5T4 ,:5 !Y JO9$ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A AS 0!ORETICIANS0 HE FELT !Y W]E WEAK & C[>DLY 9 PRACTICE COMP>$ ) ! ORD9>Y ,UKRA9IAN PEASANT :O TAU<T !M :AT C\RAGE WAS ALL AB\T4 ,MAKHNO SCA?+LY CRITICIZ$ ,KROPOTK9 = ! PATRIOTIC /ANCE HE TOOK 9 #a#i#a#d4 ,9 CONCLUSION IT CAN BE SAID ?AT ,MAKHNO CLE>LY FELT ! DISP>ITY BETWE5 AN>*I/ IDEAS & !IR EMBODIM5T 9 REAL LIFE1 9 SOCIETY4 

,WAS ,MAKHNO ! DRUNK>D ,VOL9E PORTRAY$ HIM AS8 ,I SAW ,MAKHNO ON MANY1 MANY OCCASIONS 9 ,P>IS 9 ! SPACE ( ?REE YE>S & DIDN'T EV] SEE HIM DRUNK4 ,SEV]AL TIMES !RE W]E D9N]S ORGANIZ$ 9 HIS HONOR BY ,WE/]N AN>*I/S :]E ,I ACCOMPANI$ HIM AS AN 9T]PRET]4 ,HE GOT TIPSY FROM JU/ ONE GLASS ( W9E1 HIS EYES W\LD />T TO %9E1 & HE W\LD BECOME MORE ELOQU5T4 ,BUT LET ME REPEAT3 NEV] ONCE DID ,I SEE HIM REALLY DRUNK4 ,I WAS TOLD ?AT 9 ! LA/ YE>S ( HIS LIFE HE WAS (T5 HUNGRY1 ?AT HE LET HIMSELF GO1 & P]HAPS !N HE TURN$ TO DR9K4 ,A FEW DROPS ( ALCOHOL W]E ALL HIS SICK1 WEAK5$ BODY C\LD TAKE4 ,:5 HE WAS A HETMAN1 H[EV]1 ,I PRESUME HE DRANK LIKE ANY PEASANT DID4 

,9 MY VIEW ,MAKHNO'S PA?OLOGICAL MI/RU/FULNESS & SUSPICION ( O!RS WAS A NEGATIVE SIDE ( HIS P]SONALITY1 BUT 9 CONTEXT ?IS TOO WAS QUITE UND]/&ABLE -- ! EXP]I5CES ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> W]E /ILL V]Y MU* ALIVE 9 HIS M9D4 ,?AT HAV+ BE5 SAID1 ,MAKHNO WAS ABLE TO TREAT EV5 HIS CLOSE/ FRI5DS ) SUSPICION4 

,WAS ,MAKHNO ABLE TO DI/+UI% FRI5DS FROM 5EMIES8 ,SOMETIMES HE WAS1 ,I ?9K1 & HE WAS ASSI/$ BY HEAL?Y 9/9CT4 ,BUT GIV5 HIS PUGNACI\S *>ACT] HE (T5 FELL \T ) PEOPLE :O S9C]ELY WI%$ HIM WELL4 ,AFT] HIS DEA? HIS P]SONAL DI>Y FELL 9TO ! H&S ( TWO ( HIS 5EMIES1 HIS WIFE & ,VOL9E1 :I* ALL HIS MI/RU/FULNESS WAS UNABLE TO PREV5T4 

.<#a.> ,9 ?IS TRANSLATION PLACE NAMES ETC4 >E GIV5 9 !IR ,RUSSIAN =M RA!R ?AN ,UKRA9IAN4 

.<#b.> ,= ?OSE UNFAMILI> ) ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN NAMES3 ! FIR/ ELEM5T IS ! GIV5 NAME1 ! SECOND IS ! 0PATRONYMIC0 BAS$ ON ! NAME ( ! FA!R1 & ! ?IRD IS ! SURNAME4 ,IT IS ! SAME ) ,MAKHNO'S WIFE ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA ,KUZM5KO M5TION$ LAT]4 ,! COMB9ATION ( GIV5 NAME "4 PATRONYMIC IS (T5 US$ 9 EV]YDAY SPEE*1 ?US ! FREQU5T OCCURR5CE ( 0,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA04 

.<#c.> ,9 ,SOVIET P>LANCE AN>*I/S & ,MAKHNOVI/S W]E FREQU5TLY REF]R$ TO AS 0B&ITS01 & CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY ,SUKHOGORSKAYA IS FOLL[+ ?IS FA%ION4 

.<#d.> ,9 !IR BOOK 0,DOROGI ,NE/ORA ,MAKHNO0 7,PROZA PUBLI%]S1 ,KIEV1 #a#i#i#b7 ,A4,V4 @& ,V4,F4 ,BELA% M5TION A WOMAN CALL$ ,T9A1 0A TELEPHONE OP]ATOR FROM ! VILLAGE ( ,BOL%AYA ,MIKHAYLOVKA 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK ,UYEZD 7"7DI/RICT74 ,MAKHNOVI/ AG5T4 ,MAKHNO'S P>TN] FROM ,OCTOB] #aiah TO ,M>* #a#i#a#i4 ,NOT A MEMB] ( ANY P>TY4 ,/ILL ALIVE 9 #a#i#c40 

.<#e.> ,9 A BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE ,A4,V4 @& ,V4,F4 ,BELA% 7OP4 CIT47 REF] TO ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA AS 0A PR\D ,UKRA9IAN ) AN>*I/ LEAN+S1 A TIRELESS DEF5D] ( WOM5'S RI<TS04 

.<#f.> ,A4,V4 @& ,V4,F4 ,BELA% 7OP4 CIT47 M5TION ?AT ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA CAME FROM ! FAMILY ( A ,KIEV G5D>ME1 A =M] PEASANT FROM ,PES*ANY ,BROD 9 ,KIEV ,PROV9CE4 

.<#g.> ,AN $ITOR CORRECTS ?IS1 9DICAT+ ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS ALMO/ #bh 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#a#g4 

.<#h.> ,BY ?IS /AGE ,AGAFYA ,&REYEVNA ,KUZM5KO HAD EVID5TLY SWIT*$ TO US+ ,GAL9A AS H] FIR/ NAME4 

.<#i.> ,A4,V4 @& ,V4,F4 ,BELA% 7OP4 CIT47 M5TION ?AT ,AGAFYA ,A4 ,KUZM5KO WAS DEPORT$ TO ,G]MANY TO WORK AS A =C$ LABOR] FOLL[+ ! ,NAZI OCCUPATION ( ,FRANCE4 ,AFT] LIB]ATION BY ,SOVIET TROOPS %E RETURN$ TO H] HOMEL&4 ,%E RECEIV$ A #a-YE> PRISON S5T5CE & H] DAU<T] WAS PUT 9 A BO>D+ S*OOL 9 ,DZHEZKAZGAN 7C5TRAL ,KAZAKH/AN74 ,AFT] COMPLET+ H] S5T5CE ,KUZM5KO LIV$ ) H] DAU<T] 9 ,DZHEZKAZGAN1 SUBJECT$ TO CON/ANT HUMILIATION BY ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES4 ,KUZM5KO DI$ ON #bc ,M>* #aigf AG$ #h#f4 ,A4,V4 @& ,V4,F4 ,BELA%'S BOOK CONTA9S TWO BLACK-&-:ITE PHOTOGRAPHS ( ,KUZM5KO -- ONE FROM ! #a#i#bS :I* MAT*ES ,N4 ,SUKHOGORSKAYA'S DESCRIPTION ( H] 9 PIECE TWO1 ! O!R FROM ! #a#i#gS :I* %[S H] AS A VIVACI\S-LOOK+ OLD WOMAN4 

.<#a.> ,AN $ITOR ADDS3 0,M4,L4 ,POLONSKY1 ,BOL%EVIK1 COMM&] ( A REGIM5T ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY1 WAS >RE/$ BY ! ,MAKHNOVI/ C\NT]-9TELLIG5CE UND] SUSPICION ( PLANN+ TO KILL ,MAKHNO & %OT ON #e ,DECEMB] #a#i#a#i40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,! ,P]SONAL ,SIDE ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,P]SONAL ,SIDE ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO -- ,UPDAT$4 

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