,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE 

#ai 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,TEXT 3 

,A CELEBRAT$ HI/ORIAN1 ,LECKY SAID ?AT LEG5D IS (T5 MORE TRU?FUL ?AN HI/ORY2 & 9 SO SAY+ EXPRESSES1 9 A SOME:AT P>ADOXICAL =M1 A TRUE & PR(\ND 9SI<T4 

,LEG5D IS TRU] & MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN HI/ORY2 S9CE1 :ILE HI/ORY TRIES LABORI\SLY TO E/ABLI% H>D FACTS AB\T CIRCUM/ANCES1 EV5TS1 & 9DIVIDUALS1 & ONLY ) DIFFICULTY MANAGES TO ASC]TA9 ! TRU?1 AMID ! COMPLEXITY ( ALWAYS 9ADEQUATE ELEM5TS & CONTRADICTORY WITNESSES2 LEG5D 9/EAD1 BE+ =M$ UNCONSCI\SLY & EXPRESS+1 NOT ! FACT1 BUT H[ PEOPLE SAW ! FACT1 REVEALS ! /ATE ( M9D ( A PEOPLE1 ! 9N]MO/ MEAN+ ( A HI/ORICAL MOM5T4 

,?IS WAS ! CASE = ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T KN[N AS ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 :I* ]UPT$ ON ,M>* #a#h1 #a#h#g#a1 & WAS SUFFOCAT$ 9 BLOOD ! FOLL[+ ,MAY4 ,EV5 BE=E !RE WAS A S+LE POSITIVE FACT E/ABLI%$ AB\T IT1 EV]Y P]SON 9T]PRET$ IT ACCORD+ TO HIS [N DESIRES2 & ! LEG5D ?AT CIRCULAT$ ?R\<\T ,EUROPE & ! WORLD HAD A MU* GREAT] 9FLU5CE ?AN ! PRECISE KN[L$GE ( ! FACTS C\LD HAVE HAD4 ,! RESULT IS ?IS3 ?AT ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE IS CLAIM$ BY ALL SOCIALI/S ( ! WORLD1 :ILE 9 REALITY IT WAS NOT A SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T2 ?AT IT IS CLAIM$ BY ALL AN>*I/S1 :ILE IT WAS NOT AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,9 #ahga ! M9DS W]E P]FECTLY PREP>$ TO GIVE ! ,P>ISIAN MOVEM5T ! SIGNIFICANCE IT HAS BE5 GIV52 & MO/ LIKELY1 IF ! REPRESSION HAD FAIL$ TO SNUFF IT \T AT BIR?1 IT REALLY W\LD HAVE BECOME :AT IT WAS BELIEV$ TO BE FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+4 

,! REACTION>Y =CE BORN \T ( ! DEFEAT ( ! #ahdh ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION WAS EXHAU/$1 & EV]YBODY S5S$ ?AT ! TIME WAS RIPE = A NEW REVOLUTION4 

,! IMPOT5CE ( 0LIB]AL0 PR9CIPLES LEFT AS A LEGACY TO ! PO/]ITY ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION AT ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 HAD BECOME CLE>2 & NEW CURR5TS ( IDEAS1 NEW ASPIRATIONS W]E EXCIT+ ! MASSES4 ,! 0SOCIAL QUE/ION0 HAD BECOME ! BIG QUE/ION4 ,! BIR? & RAPID ASC5DANCY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 A CONSEQU5CE ?AT BECAME A CAUSE 9 TURN ( ?IS SITUATION1 HAD GIV5 BIR? TO HOPES 9 SOME & FE>S 9 O!RS ( UPCOM+ POLITICAL & ECONOMIC RADICAL *ANGES4 

,AT ?IS JUNCTURE1 ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN W> BREAKS \T4 ,EV]Y?+ HANGS 9 ! BALANCE2 EV]YONE ANXI\SLY WAT*ES ! BATTLEFIELD & MAKES PR$ICTIONS AB\T :AT WILL HAPP5 AFT] ! W>3 ! SUSP5SE M]ELY 9CREASES ! T5SION 9 PEOPLE'S M9DS4 

,AS ! ,FR5* >MY IS DEFEAT$ & ! ,EMP]OR TAK5 PRISON]1 CONS]VATIVE & REACTION>Y ELEM5TS ACCEPT ! REPUBLIC AS ! ONLY FEASIBLE SOLUTION = ! MOM5T1 BUT ) ! FIRM 9T5TION EI!R TO REE/ABLI% ! MON>*Y AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 OR 5SURE ?AT ! REPUBLIC DOES NOT REALLY DIFF] FROM ! MON>*Y4 ,! PEOPLE1 /UNN$ BY ! ?UND] ( W> & DISC\RAG$ BY ! DEFEATS & BETRAYALS1 :I* CONT9UE ) ! REPUBLIC JU/ AS ) ! EMPIRE1 LOOKS ON WAV]+ BETWE5 HOPE1 FE>1 & SUSPICION4 

,! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS WANT TO FI<T ! BESIEG+ 5EMY1 BUT >E TRICK$1 BETRAY$1 & VANQUI%$ 9 P>TIAL SORTIES ?AT SEEM1 OR >E1 ORGANIZ$ DELIB]ATELY TO FAIL2 !Y >E SUBJECT$ TO A %AMEFUL SURR5D]4 

,PROV9CIAL VOT]S APPO9T AN ASSEMBLY MADE UP ( ALL ! MO/ REACTION>Y ELEM5TS ?AT FEUDAL & MILIT>I/IC ,FRANCE CONTA9S2 & ?IS ASSEMBLY1 /IGMATIZ$ ) ! NAME RURAL1 HURRIES TO ACCEPT ALL ! CONDITIONS ( PEACE IMPOS$ BY ,BISM>CK1 & PREP>ES TO SUBJECT ,FRANCE TO ! RULE ( ! SAB] & ! ASP]SORIUM4 

,5\< IS 5\<4 

,REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS BEG9 TO COME TOGE!R2 ! WORK]S ( ,P>IS1 ,LYON1 ,M>SEILLES1 >E *AMP+ AT ! BIT1 DUE P>TLY TO PR(\ND ECONOMIC UNEAS9ESS1 P>TLY TO PATRIOTIC FEEL+ (F5D$ BY ! TREA*]Y & 9COMPET5CE ( ! MILIT>Y & CIVILIAN LEAD]%IP1 & P>TLY TO HATR$ ( ! MON>*Y :OSE RE/ORATION IS A ?REAT4 

,! GOV]NM5T UND]/&S ?AT TO PROTECT ITS REACTION>Y WORK ,P>IS NE$S TO BE DIS>M$4 ,ON ! NI<T ( ,M>* #a#g-#a#h1 SECRETLY1 IT S5T TROOPS TO SEIZE ! CANNONS ?AT ! NATIONAL GU>D HAS HELD S9CE ! DAYS ( ! SIEGE2 BUT ! ATTEMPT IS DISCOV]$1 ! AL>M IS S\ND$2 ! SOLDI]S ( ! NATIONAL GU>D1 />TL$ AWAKE1 RU% TO DEF5D !IR CANNONS2 ! WOM5 ACCOMPANY+ !M FL+ !MSELVES 9TO ! MID/ ( ! TROOPS1 BEG !M1 9SULT !M1 EMBRACE !M2 ! TROOPS TURN !IR RIFLES UPSIDE D[N & FRAT]NIZE ) ! PEOPLE4 ,TWO G5]ALS1 ,?OMAS & ,LECOMTE1 R5[N$ BUT*]S1 >E %OT1 AS IF 9 A PACT ( BLOOD BETWE5 ! REBEL TROOPS & ! 9SURG5T PEOPLE4 

,! NEXT MORN+1 ,M>* #a#h1 ALL ( ,P>IS IS %AK5 BY ! NEWS2 ! AU?ORITIES FLEE444 ! 9SURRECTION IS TRIUMPHANT4 

,AS NEWS ( ! ,P>IS EV5TS SCATT]S ?R\< ,EUROPE1 9/9CTIVELY ALL REVOLUTION>IES1 SOCIALI/S1 AN>*I/S1 & REPUBLICANS :O LOOK$ UPON ! REPUBLIC AS A RADICAL TRANS=MATION ( ! SOCIAL ORD]1 ALL FRI5DS ( PROGRESS :OSE G5]\S 9/9CTS W]E NOT P>ALYZ$ BY BELIEF 9 RELIGI\S & POLITICAL DOGMA1 ALL1 FROM ,BAKUN91 TO ,M>X1 TO ,G>IBALDI1 FROM ! ME?ODICAL ,G]MAN WORK]S TO ! 5?USIA/IC ,ITALIAN REVOLUTION>Y Y\?1 W]E ON ! SIDE ( ! ,P>ISIANS1 ON ! SIDE ( ! ,COMMUNE4 ,& ALL REACTION>IES1 ALL RUL]S1 BUT*]S1 & PEOPLE'S TORM5TORS W]E ON ! SIDE ( ! GOV]NM5T ?AT1 HAV+ ESCAP$ FROM ,P>IS & SELECT$ ! CITY ( ,V]SAILLES AS ITS HEADQU>T]S1 WAS CALL$ ! ,V]SAILLES GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS PA9FUL TO F9D AMONG ! LATT] ,GIUSEPPE ,MAZZ9I1 :OSE HI]ATIC 9/9CT CL\D$ HIS 9TELLECT & HIS HE>T4 

,REVOLUTION>IES & REACTION>IES BELIEV$ IT WAS A C]TA9 ?+ ?AT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION HAD BROK5 \T 9 ,P>IS1 & ) ?IS P]SUASION !Y JUDG$ ! MOVEM5T ACCORD+ TO !IR T5D5CIES4 

,! LEG5D WAS CREAT$ 9 ONE FELL SWOOP1 & ?IS WAS A =TUNATE CIRCUM/ANCE1 AS IT HAD AN IMM5SE EFFECT ON PROPAG&A4 ,9 EV]Y C\NTRY ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T 7SOCIALI/ 9 ! BROAD S5SE ( ! T]M7 B5EFIT$ FROM IT1 & 9 SOME C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ,ITALY1 IT ALMO/ GAVE BIR? TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,SO BIG & B5EFICIAL WAS ?AT 9FLU5CE ?AT ! LEG5D P]SI/$ & P]SI/S TO ?IS DAY1 ALONGSIDE ! N[ FAMILI> HI/ORY4 

,BUT :ILE IT IS GOOD TO PR(IT FROM ! LEG5D1 :I* ESS5TIALLY MEANS PR(IT+ FROM POPUL> T5D5CIES ?AT MAT]IALIZE BY IDEALIZ+ AN HI/ORICAL REALITY1 IT IS ALSO NECESS>Y TO KN[ ! ACTUAL FACTS AS !Y OCCURR$1 9 ORD] TO B5EFIT FROM ! LESSONS ( EXP]I5CE4 

,MORE ( ?AT 9 \R NEXT ISSUE4 

,M>* #a#h-,MAY #b#h1 #ahga 

,EV5 ! SIMPLE/ HI/ORICAL FACTS1 ALWAYS BE+ ! RESULT ( A ?\S& DIFF]5T FACTORS1 V>I\SLY MODIFI$ BY A ?\S& CIRCUM/ANCES1 NEV] EXACTLY CORRESPOND TO ! IDEAL ( ONE P>TY OR S*OOL ( ?\<T1 & CANNOT FIT 9TO ANY IDEOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE :5 IT 9VOLVES ?OSE GREAT SOCIAL EV5TS ?AT ALL NE$S1 ALL 9T]E/S1 ALL FEEL+S1 ALL IDEAS EXI/+ AMONG ! PEOPLE ( A C\NTRY1 CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY1 CONTRIBUTE TO DET]M9E--SU* EV5TS >E NOT PLANN$ & PREP>$ BY A P>TY NOR PROVOK$ BY !IR 9ITIATIVE1 BUT >E SPONTANE\SLY BORN BY CIRCUM/ANCES & ?RU/ !MSELVES UPON P>TIES & M5 ( IDEAS1 :O MU/ !N ACCEPT !M AS !Y PRES5T !MSELVES6 

,! ,M>* #ah 9SURRECTION & ! RESULT+ 0,COMMUNE0 WAS ONE ( !SE EV5TS4 

,ON ! EVE ( ,M>* #ah ALL ADVANC$ M5 & ! G5]AL POPULATION ( ! GREAT CITIES FELT ! NE$ = A REVOLUTION & 9T5SELY DESIR$ ONE4 

,BUT :AT SORT ( REVOLUTION WAS ?IS8 ,:AT AIMS W]E PURSU$8 

,9 ! LATT] YE>S ( ! ,EMPIRE ! SOCIAL QUE/ION WAS WIDELY DEBAT$ 9 ,FRANCE & !RE WAS A SPREAD+ AW>5ESS ( ! NE$ = A TRANS=MATION ?AT W5T BEYOND ! POLITICAL CON/ITUTION4 ,ALL SOCIALI/IC IDEAS & SY/EMS ?AT HAD EXCIT$ M9DS DUR+ ! DECADE PRIOR TO #ahdh & :I* HAD BE5 SNUFF$ \T BY ! REACTION1 HAD BE5 BR\<T BACK 9TO DISCUSSION4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL PROCLAIM$ ! PR9CIPLE ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S HAD TO BE ! WORK]S' [N DO+1 & IT WAS ORGANIZ+ ! LABOR+ MASSES \TSIDE ( & 9 OPPOSITION TO ALL B\RGEOIS P>TIES4 

,BUT ! W> HAD BR\<T AN 5D TO ?AT 5TIRE MOVEM5T4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,FRANCE DID 9DE$ PROTE/ ! W> & AFFIRM$ ! SOLID>ITY BETWE5 ,FR5* WORK]S & ,G]MAN WORK]S1 JU/ AS ! ,G]MAN ,9T]NATIONALI/S DID 9 TURN2 BUT PATRIOTIC PREJUDICE PREVAIL$1 & !Y W]E NOT ABLE TO /OP ! W>4 ,! DEFEATS ( ! ,FR5* >MY1 ! SURR5D] AT ,S$AN1 DUE TO ,NAPOLEON'S 9COMPET5CE & C[>DICE1 ! SURR5D] AT ,METZ DUE TO ,BAZA9E'S TREASON1 ! SURR5D] AT ,P>IS :]E TREASON WAS AGA9 SUSPECT$1 ! %AMEFUL PEACE AFT] >ROGANT BOA/+1 9CREAS+LY (F5D$ & IRRITAT$ NATIONALI/ S5TIM5T4 ,! 9T5TIONS TO RE/ORE ! MON>*Y1 CLE>LY DEMON/RAT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T & ! ASSEMBLY1 5SUR$ ?AT NE>LY EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5T BELIEV$ ?AT ! ONE & ONLY BIG ISSUE ( ! MOM5T WAS TO SAVE ! REPUBLIC FROM ! DANG] ( RE/ORATION4 

,AMONG ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS ! PREVAL5T DESIRE WAS TO E/ABLI% A TRULY REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T444 & TO R$O ! W> ON ,G]MANY TO TAKE !IR REV5GE4 ,:5 SUDD5LY1 UNEXPECT$LY1 FOLL[+ ! GOV]NM5T'S FLI<T AFT] ! FAIL$ ATTEMPT TO SEIZE ! CANNONS ?AT ! NATIONAL GU>D HAD SUCCESSFULLY RESCU$ FROM ! ,PRUSSIANS1 ,P>IS F\ND H]SELF MA/] ( H]SELF & ) ! NE$ TO SEE TO H] [N DE/9Y1 & DEF5D H]SELF AGA9/ ! ATTEMPTS AT REPRESSION ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HIDD5 9 ,V]SAILLES WAS AB\T TO MAKE4 

,! SITUATION WAS FAC$ AS ! CIRCUM/ANCES ALL[$2 BUT !RE WAS NO UND]/&+ ( ! NE$ TO REVOLUTIONIZE SOCIETY & SPREAD ! REVOLUTION BEYOND ,P>IS1 AMONG ! PEASANTS1 IF ONLY AS ! SOLE MEANS ( BE+ ABLE TO W9 ! MAT]IAL /RUGGLE4 

,!RE W]E C]TA9LY SOME :O 9T5D$ TO DEVELOP ! MOVEM5T 9TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & ! PEOPLE1 AS 9 EV]Y 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T1 W]E ANIMAT$ BY A MORE OR LESS VAGUE ASPIRATION = JU/ICE & WELL-BE+4 ,BUT ! PREVAIL+ IDEA WAS TO RESI/ ! GOV]NM5T'S HI<H&$NESS1 SAVE ! REPUBLIC1 & AV5GE ,FR5* HONOR4 

,A FREE ,COMMUNE WAS PROCLAIM$444 ESS5TIALLY BECAUSE !RE WAS NO WAY ( IMPOS+ ! WILL ( ,P>IS OV] ALL ( ,FRANCE2 H[EV]1 A ,P>ISIAN GOV]NM5T WAS IMM$IATELY APPO9T$1 :I* WAS A GOV]NM5T LIKE ALL ! RE/444 AL?\< DUR+ ! DAYS :5 ,P>IS HAD REMA9$ )\T A GOV]NM5T--FROM ,M>* #ah UNTIL ELECTIONS W]E HELD ON ,APRIL #c--IT HAD %[N ?AT ?+S ( PUBLIC 9T]E/1 BETT] ?AN ?R\< ORD]S FROM A GOV]NM5T1 C\LD BE ACCOMPLI%$ ?R\< ! EF=TS ( EV]YONE CONC]N$1 ?R\< ,ASSOCIATIONS & ,COMMITTEES ?AT HAD NO P[]S BEYOND ?OSE GIV5 TO !M BY POPUL> APPROVAL4 

,AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO MAKE PEACE ) ! GOV]NM5T PROVID$ ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( ! REPUBLIC WAS GU>ANTE$2 & ! ATTEMPTS FAIL$ ONLY BECAUSE ( ! CRIM9AL /UBBORNNESS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 ( ! HATR$ & DESIRE = REV5GE AGA9/ ,P>ISIANS ( ! ,BONAP>TI/ G5]ALS' 7TEMPOR>ILY POS+ AS REPUBLICANS71 & ( ! ?IR/ = BLOOD & P[] ( ! MORALLY MON/R\S ,ADOLPHE ,?I]S1 :O CONTROLL$ ! EXECUTIVE P[]4 

,9 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! >M$ =CES1 DEF5SIVELY & (F5SIVELY1 ! OLD MILIT>Y TRADITIONS W]E FOLL[$4 

,TRUE1 !RE WAS NONE ( ! SC&AL\S SAL>IES ( O!R GOV]NM5TS1 BUT ! PR9CIPLE ( PRIVILEGE & A HI]>*Y ( SAL>IES W]E RESPECT$1 AS !SE RANG$ FROM #f ?\S& LIRE A YE> PAID TO RUL]S TO ?IRTY SOLDI A DAY PAID TO SOLDI]S4 

,! >RANGEM5TS TO DEF5D AGA9/ ! ,COMMUNE'S 9T]NAL 5EMIES W]E ! USUAL POLICE PROC$URES ( H\SE SE>*ES1 >RE/S1 SUPPRESSION ( NEWSPAP]S & O!R & WORSE VIOLATIONS ( FRE$OM4 

,PRIVATE [N]%IP WAS RIGOR\SLY RESPECT$4 ,! RI* PEACEFULLY CONT9U$ TO POSSESS !IR WEAL? &1 EV5 DUR+ ! SC>CITY ( ! SIEGE1 MANAG$ TO C>\SE & MOCK AT ! MIS]Y NOT ONLY ( ! PEOPLE1 BUT ALSO ( ?OSE FI<T+ = ! ,COMMUNE4 ,B5OIT ,MALON1 :O WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,COMMUNE'S GOV]NM5T 7,C\NCIL7 REC\NTS H[ ! ,F$]ES 7! NAME GIV5 TO ! SOLDI]S ( ! ,COMMUNE7 RETURN+ FROM COMBAT DI%EVEL$ & BLOODI$ ?R\< ! WEAL?I] AV5UES1 W]E 9SULT$ & CALL$ ?IRTY-P5NIES BY ! B\RGEOIS SEAT$ \TSIDE ! LUXURI\S CAFES1 DR9K+ & SMOK+4 

,! ,COMMUNE'S WORK 7MANUFACTUR+ UNI=MS = SOLDI]S7 WAS SUBCONTRACT$ \T TO 5TREPR5EURS :O HAD PEOPLE WORK = LITTLE MONEY4 

,! SOLDI]S ( ! ,COMMUNE W]E S5T TO GU>D ! TREASURES ( ! ,BANK ( ,FRANCE1 FROM :OM LOANS W]E S\<T ) ALL ! SAME =MALITIES & GU>ANTEES US$ 9 ! F9ANCIAL TRANSACTIONS ( B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5TS4 

,! ONLY UND]TAK+S ( VAGUELY SOCIALI/ LEAN+S W]E 7IF MEMORY DOES NOT FAIL US7 A DECREE AGA9/ NI<TTIME WORK 9 BAK]IES2 A DECREE 7NEV] IMPLEM5T$7 ?AT GAVE WORK]S UNIT$ 9 COOP]ATIVES ! RI<T TO TAKE OV] FACTORIES DES]T$ BY [N]S1 AS LONG AS !Y COMP5SAT$ ! [N]S UPON !IR RETURN2 A PO/PONEM5T ( PAYM5TS ON R5TS & DEBTS1 SOME MEAG] DI/RIBUTION ( FOOD TO ! HUNGRY1 & ! RETURN1 FREE ( *>GE1 ( PAWN$ ITEMS ( M9IMAL VALUE3--ALL ?+S ?AT CAN BE DONE 7& MO/ ( :I* HAVE BE5 DONE REPEAT$LY7 BY A B\RGEOIS & MON>*I/ GOV]NM5T1 9 ! 9T]E/ ITSELF ( PUBLIC 0ORD]0 & ! TRANQUILITY ( ! B\RGEOIS4 

,& ALONG ) ?IS1 A GREAT DEAL ( DECL>ATIONS ( PR9CIPLES1 V]Y ADVANC$ BUT NEV] IMPLEM5T$2 ELOQU5T MANIFE/OS TO ! ,FR5* PEOPLE1 TO ! PEASANTS1 TO ! PEOPLE ( ! 5TIRE WORLD1 :I* NEV] W5T BEYOND WORDS2 & SYMBOLIC ACTS1 SU* AS ! DEMOLITION ( ! ,V5DOME COLUMN & ! BURN+ ( ! GUILLOT9E1 C]TA9LY ( GREAT MORAL VALUE1 BUT ( NO PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE4 

,?IS IS :AT ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ACTUALLY WAS4 

,GIV5 ! PEOPLE :O TOOK P>T 9 IT1 GIV5 ! PREC$+ F]M5T ( IDEAS ?AT ! W> C\LD 9T]RUPT BUT NOT DE/ROY1 GIV5 H[ ! ,EUROPEAN PUBLIC 9T]PRET$ ! MOVEM5T1 SOME?+ ?AT C\LD NOT HAVE FAIL$ TO 9FLU5CE ! MOVEM5T ITSELF1 ONE CAN SURMISE ?AT1 HAD ! MOVEM5T NOT BE5 SO QUICKLY DR[N$ 9 BLOOD1 P]HAPS IT W\LD HAVE TURN$ 9TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,BUT WAS IT NOT MA9LY ! DIRECTION 9 :I* ! MOVEM5T WAS TAK5 TO CAUSE ! ,COMMUNE'S FAILURE--EV5 FROM A MILIT>Y PO9T ( VIEW8 

,IF >M$ B&S ( ,P>ISIANS1 PRIOR TO ! TI<T5+ ( ! SIEGE1 HAD V5TUR$ 9TO ! C\NTRYSIDE TO PREA* EXPROPRIATION & HELP ! LOCALS C>RY IT \T1 ! MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE SPREAD & ! GOV]NM5T W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO ASSEMBLE ITS =CES & S5D !M ALL AGA9/ ,P>IS4 

,IF )9 ,P>IS ! B\RGEOISIE HAD BE5 EXPROPRIAT$ & EV]Y?+ MADE AVAILABLE TO ! PEOPLE1 !N ! 5TIRE POPULATION W\LD HAVE BE5 9T]E/$ 9 ! REVOLUTION & W\LD HAVE DEF5D$ IT2--:ILE 9/EAD1 ACCORD+ TO ! REPORTS ( ! ,COMMUN>DS !MSELVES1 ONLY A SMALL NUMB] ( 9HABITANTS TOOK P>T 9 ! FI<T+1 & 9 ! LA/ DAYS ! ,COMMUNE'S DEF5D]S NUMB]$ NO MORE ?AN T5 ?\S&4 

,! ,COMMUNE WAS DEFEAT$1 & IT WAS DEFEAT$ )\T HAV+ DONE :AT C\LD & %\LD HAVE BE5 DONE TO W91 BECAUSE ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY KILL$ ITS MOM5TUM4 

,WE DO NOT 9T5D TO BLAME ! M51 :O ALL GAVE ADMIRABLE PRO( ( !IR SELFLESSNESS1 DEVOTION1 H]OISM4 

,& WE W\LD BE DECEIV+ \RSELVES IF WE CLAIM$ ?AT IT WAS ! FAULT ( ! 0LEAD]S40 

,! 0LEAD]S0 EXI/S ONLY AS LONG AS ! PEOPLE WANT & TOL]ATE !M2 & !Y >E :AT ! PEOPLE ALL[ !M TO BE4 

,! PROBLEM LIES )9 ! PEOPLE !MSELVES3 IT IS )9 ! PEOPLE ?AT WE MU/ FI<T ! CULT ( AU?ORITY1 ! FAI? 9 ! NECESSITY & USEFULNESS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,ONCE ?IS IS DONE ! REVOLUTION MAY TRIUMPH4 

,LET US HONOR ! M>TYRS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 :O1 EV5 ?\< !Y *OSE ! WRONG PA?1 GAVE !IR LIVES = FRE$OM4 

,BUT LET US PUT \RSELVES 9 A POSITION TO DO BETT] ?AN !M4 

7,S\RCE3 ,TRANSLAT$ FROM 0,IL ,COMUNE DI ,P>IGI10 P>TS #a & #b1 ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE1 ,PAT]SON1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 #f1 NEW S]IES1 NOS4 #bh & #b#i1 ,M>* #ag & #b#d1 #a#i47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a#g1 #ai 3 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,M>* #b#a1 #bba 3 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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