,*APT] #ag 
,! ,CLOS+ ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL 

#aiacaiac 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FRANCISCO ,F]R] 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,JOSEPH ,MC,CABE 

,TEXT 3 

,I HAVE REA*$ ! CULM9ATION ( MY LIFE & MY WORK4 ,MY 5EMIES1 :O >E ALL ! REACTION>IES 9 ! WORLD1 REPRES5T$ BY ! REACTION>IES ( ,B>CELONA & ( ,SPA91 BELIEV$ ?AT !Y HAD TRIUMPH$ BY 9VOLV+ ME 9 A *>GE ( ATTEMPT$ ASSASS9ATION4 ,BUT !IR TRIUMPH PROV$ TO BE ONLY AN EPISODE 9 ! /RUGGLE ( PRACTICAL ,RATIONALISM AGA9/ REACTION4 ,! %AMEFUL AUDACITY ) :I* !Y CLAIM$ S5T5CE ( DEA? AGA9/ ME 7A CLAIM ?AT WAS REFUS$ ON ACC\NT ( MY TRANSP>5T 9NOC5CE RA!R ?AN ON ACC\NT ( ! JU/ICE ( ! C\RT7 DREW ON ME ! SYMPA?Y ( ALL LIB]AL M5---ALL TRUE PROGRESSIVES---9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD1 & FIX$ ATT5TION OIL ! MEAN+ & IDEAL ( ! ,RATIONAL ,S*OOL4 ,!RE WAS A UNIV]SAL & UN9T]RUPT$ MOVEM5T ( PROTE/ & ADMIRATION = A :OLE YE> -FROM ,MAY1 #a#i#f1 TO ,MAY & ,JUNE1 #a#i#g---E*O$ 9 ! ,PRESS ( EV]Y CIVILIZ$ C\NTRY1 & 9 MEET+S & O!R POPUL> MANIFE/ATIONS4 

,IT PROV$ 9 ! 5D ?AT ! MORTAL 5EMIES ( \R WORK W]E ITS MO/ EFFECTIVE SUPPORT]S1 AS !Y L$ TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( 9T]NATIONAL ,RATIONALISM4 

,I FELT MY [N LITTL5ESS 9 FACE ( ?IS MI<TY MANIFE/ATION4 ,L$ ALWAYS BY ! LI<T ( ! IDEAL1 ,I CONCEIV$ & C>RI$ \T ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LEAGUE = ! ,RATIONAL ,$UCATION ( ,*ILDR51 9 ! V>I\S BRAN*ES ( :I*1 SCATT]$ OV] ! WORLD1 >E F\ND M5 9 ! FRONT RANKS ( CULTURE .<,ANATOLE ,FRANCE1 ,]N/ ,HAECKEL1 ETC4.>4 ,IT HAS ?REE ORGANS1 ,L',ECOLE ,R5OVEE 9 ,FRANCE1 ! ,BULLET9 9 ,B>CELONA1 & ,LA ,SCUOLA ,LAICA AT ,ROME1 :I* EXP\ND1 DISCUSS1 & SPREAD ALL ! LATE/ EF=TS ( PA$AGOGY TO PURIFY SCI5CE FROM ALL DEFILEM5T ( ]ROR1 TO DISPEL ALL CR$ULITY1 TO BR+ AB\T A P]FECT H>MONY BETWE5 BELIEF & KN[L$GE1 & TO DE/ROY ?AT PRIVILEG$ ESOT]IC SY/EM :I* HAS ALWAYS LEFT AN EXOT]IC DOCTR9E TO ! MASSES4 

,?IS GREAT CONC5TRATION ( KN[L$GE & RESE>* MU/ LEAD TO A VIGOR\S ACTION :I* WILL GIVE TO ! FUTURE REVOLUTION ! *>ACT] ( PRACTICAL MANIFE/ATION ( APPLI$ SOCIOLOGY1 )\T PASSION OR DEM& ( REV5GE1 ) NO T]RIBLE TRAG$IES OR H]OIC SACRIFICES1 NO /]ILE MOVEM5TS1 NO DISILLUSION ( ZEALOTS1 NO TREA*]\S RETURNS TO REACTION4 ,= SCI5TIFIC & RATIONAL $UCATION WILL HAVE P]VAD$ ! MASSES1 MAK+ EA* MAN & WOMAN A SELF-CONSCI\S1 ACTIVE1 & RESPONSIBLE BE+1 GUID+ HIS WILL ACCORD+ TO1 HIS JUDGM5T1 FREE = EV] FROM ! PASSIONS 9SPIR$ BY ?OSE :O EXPLOIT RESPECT = TRADITION & = ! *>LATANRY ( ! MOD]N FRAM]S ( POLITICAL PROGRAMS4 

,IF PROGRESS ?US LOSES ?IS DRAMATIC *>ACT] ( REVOLUTION1 IT WILL GA9 9 FIRMNESS1 /ABILITY1 & CONT9UITY1 AS EVOLUTION4 ,! VISION ( A RATIONAL SOCIETY1 :I* REVOLUTION>IES =ESAW 9 ALL AGES1 & :I* SOCIOLOGI/S CONFID5TLY PROMISE1 WILL RISE BE=E ! EYES ( \R SUCCESSORS1 NOT AS ! MIRAGE ( DREAMY UTOPIANS1 BUT AS ! POSITIVE & M]IT$ TRIUMPH WON BY ! REVOLUTION>Y P[] ( REASON & SCI5CE4 

,! NEW REPUTE ( ! $UCATIONAL WORK ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL ATTRACT$ ! ATT5TION ( ALL :O APPRECIAT$ ! VALUE ( S\ND 9/RUCTION4 ,!RE WAS A G5]AL DEM& = KN[L$GE ( ! SY/EM4 ,!RE W]E NUMB]S ( PRIVATE SECUL> S*OOLS1 OR SIMIL> 9/ITUTIONS SUPPORT$ BY SOCIETIES1 & !IR DIRECTORS MADE 9QUIRY CONC]N+ ! DIFF]5CE ( \R ME?ODS FROM !IRS4 ,!RE W]E CON/ANT REQUE/S TO VISIT ! S*OOL & CONSULT ME4 ,I GLADLY SATISFI$ !M1 REMOV$ !IR D\BTS1 & PRESS$ !M TO 5T] ON ! NEW WAY2 & AT ONCE EF=TS W]E MADE TO RE=M ! EXI/+ S*OOLS1 & TO CREATE O!RS ON ! MODEL ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL4 

,!RE WAS GREAT 5?USIASM & ! PROMISE ( MI<TY ?+S 2 BUT ONE S]I\S DIFFICULTY /OOD 9 ! WAY3 WE W]E %ORT ( TEA*]S1 & HAD NO MEANS ( CREAT+ !M4 ,PR(ESSIONAL TEA*]S HAD TWO DISADVANTAGES---TRADITIONAL HABITS & DREAD ( ! CONT+5CIES ( ! FUTURE4 ,!RE W]E V]Y FEW :O1 9 AN UNSELFI% LOVE ( ! IDEAL1 W\LD DEVOTE !MSELVES TO ! PROGRESSIVE CAUSE4 ,9/RUCT$ Y\NG M5 & WOM5 MI<T BE F\ND TO FILL ! GAP2 BUT H[ W]E WE TO TRA9 !M 8 ,:]E C\LD !Y PASS !IR APPR5TICE%IP 8 ,N[ & AGA9 ,I HE>D FROM WORK]S' OR POLITICAL SOCIETIES ?AT !Y HAD DECID$1 TO OP5 A S*OOL2 !Y W\LD F9D ROOMS & APPLIANCES1 & WE C\LD C\NT UPON !IR US+ \R S*OOL MANUALS4 ,BUT :5EV] ,I ASK$ IF !Y HAD TEA*]S1 !Y REPLI$ 9 ! NEGATIVE1 & ?\<T IT W\LD BE EASY TO SUPPLY ! WANT4 ,I HAD TO GIVE 94 

,CIRCUM/ANCES HAD MADE ME ! DIRECTOR ( RATIONALI/ $UCATION1 & ,I HAD CON/ANT CONSULTATIONS & DEM&S ON ! P>T ( ASPIRANTS = ! POSITION ( TEA*]4 ,?IS MADE ME REALIZE ! DEFECT1 & ,I 5DEAVOR$ TO MEET IT BY PRIVATE ADVICE & BY ADMITT+ Y\NG ASSI/ANTS 9 ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL1 ,! RESULT WAS NATURALLY MIX$4 ,!RE >E N[ WOR?Y TEA*]S :O WILL C>RY ON ! WORK ( RATIONAL $UCATION ELSE:]E 2 O!RS FAIL$ FROM MORAL OR 9TELLECTUAL 9CAPACITY4 

,NOT FEEL+ ?AT ! PUPILS ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL :O DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO TEA*+ W\LD F9D TIME = !IR WORK1 ,I E/ABLI%$ A ,NORMAL ,S*OOL1 ( :I* ,I HAVE ALREADY SPOK54 ,I WAS CONV9C$ ?AT1 IF ! KEY ( ! SOCIAL PROBLEM IS 9 ! SCI5TIFIC & RATIONAL S*OOL1 IT IS ESS5TIAL1 TO MAKE A PROP]1 USE ( ! KEY1 ?AT FITT+ TEA*]S BE TRA9$ = SO GREAT A DE/9Y4 

,AS ! PRACTICAL & POSITIVE RESULT ( MY WORK1 ,I MAY SAY ?AT ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL ( ,B>CELONA WAS A MO/ SUCCESSFUL EXP]IM5T1 & ?AT IT WAS DI/+UI%$ = TWO *>ACT]S3--- 

#a4 ,:ILE OP5 TO SUCCESSIVE IMPROVEM5TS1 IT SET UP A /&>D ( :AT $UCATION %\LD BE 9 A RE=M$ /ATE ( SOCIETY4 

#b4 ,IT GAVE AN IMPULSE TO ! SPREAD ( ?IS K9D ( $UCATION4 

,!RE WAS UP TO ?AT TIME NO $UCATION 9 ! TRUE S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,!RE W]E1 = ! PRIVILEG$ FEW 9 ! UNIV]SITIES1 TRADITIONAL ]RORS & PREJUDICES1 AU?ORIT>IAN DOGMAS1 MIX$ UP ) ! TRU?S :I* MOD]N RESE>* HAS BR\<T TO LI<T4 ,= ! PEOPLE !RE WAS PRIM>Y 9/RUCTION1 :I* WAS1 & IS1 A ME?OD ( TAM+ *ILDR54 ,! S*OOL WAS A SORT ( RID+-S*OOL1 :]E NATURAL 5]GIES W]E SUBDU$ 9 ORD] ?AT ! POOR MI<T SUFF] !IR H>D LOT 9 SIL5CE4 ,REAL $UCATION1 SEP>AT$ FROM FAI?---$UCATION ?AT ILLUM9ES ! M9D ) ! LI<T ( EVID5CE---IS ! CREATION ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL4 

,DUR+ ITS EPHEM]AL EXI/5CE1 IT DID A M>VEL\S AM\NT ( GOOD4 ,! *ILD ADMITT$ TO ! S*OOL & KEPT 9 CONTACT ) ITS COMPANIONS RAPIDLY *ANG$ ITS HABITS1 AS ,I HAVE OBS]V$4 ,IT CULTIVAT$ CLEANL9ESS1 AVOID$ QU>RELS1 CEAS$ TO BE CRUEL TO ANIMALS1 TOOK NO NOTICE 9 ITS GAMES ( ! B>B>\S SPECTACLE :I* WE CALL ! NATIONAL 5T]TA9M5T .<BULL-FI<T.>1 &1 AS ITS M9D WAS UPLIFT$ & ITS S5TIM5TS PURIFI$1 IT DEPLOR$ ! SOCIAL 9JU/ICES :I* AB\ND ON ! V]Y FACE ( LIFE4 ,IT DETE/$ W>1 & W\LD NOT ADMIT ?AT NATIONAL GLORY1 9/EAD ( CONSI/+ 9 ! HI<E/ POSSIBLE MORAL DEVELOPM5T & HAPP9ESS ( A PEOPLE1 %\LD BE PLAC$ 9 CONQUE/ & VIOL5CE4 

,! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL1 EXT5D$ TO O!R S*OOLS :I* HAD BE5 F\ND$ ON ITS MODEL & W]E MA9TA9$ BY V>I\S WORK+-M5 SOCIETIES1 P5ETRAT$ ! FAMILIES BY MEANS ( ! *ILDR54 ,ONCE !Y W]E T\*$ BY ! 9FLU5CE ( REASON & SCI5CE !Y W]E UNCONSCI\SLY CONV]T$ 9TO TEA*]S ( !IR [N P>5TS1 & !SE 9 TURN DIFFUS$ ! BETT] /&>DS AMONG !IR FRI5DS & RELATIVES4 

,?IS SPREAD ( \R 9FLU5CE DREW ON US ! HATR$ ( JESUITISM ( ALL K9DS & 9 ALL PLACES1 & ?IS HATR$ 9SPIR$ ! DESIGN :I* 5D$ 9 ! CLOS+ ( ! ,MOD]N ,S*OOL4 ,IT IS CLOS$ 2 BUT 9 REALITY IT IS CONC5TRAT+ ITS =CES1 DEF9+ & IMPROV+ ITS PLAN1 & GA!R+ ! /R5G? = A FRE% ATTEMPT TO PROMOTE ! TRUE CAUSE ( PROGRESS4 

,?AT IS ! /ORY ( :AT ! ,MODEM ,S*OOL WAS1 IS1 & \<T TO BE4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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