,! ,NEXT ,/EP 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,DORTMUND] ,>BEIT]ZEITUNG1 ,M>* #a#d?-#a#e?1 #a#i#a4 
,S\RCE3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG3 ,SELECT$ ,POLITICAL ,WRIT+S1 $IT$ & 9TRODUC$ BY ,ROB]T ,LOOK]4 
,TRANSLAT$3 7FROM ! ,G]MAN7 ,W4,D4 ,GRAF4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,T$ ,CRAW=D_/,BRIAN ,BAGG9S ) SPECIAL ?ANKS TO ,ROB]T ,LOOK] = HELP ) P]MISSIONS4 
,COPYRI<T3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#g#b1 ,I,S,B,N_/,I,S,S,N3 #b#b#d#e#i#f4 ,PR9T$ ) ! P]MISSION ( ,R&OM ,H\SE4 ,LUXEMBURG ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7M>XI/S4ORG7 #b#d4 

,! QUE/ION ( ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ,PRUSSIA1 :I* HAS REMA9$ 9 A CONDITION ( IMMUTABILITY = MORE ?AN HALF A C5TURY1 IS TODAY ! FOCUS ( ,G]MANY'S PUBLIC LIFE4 ,A FEW WEEKS ( 5]GETIC MASS ACTION BY ! PROLET>IAT HAVE SUFFIC$ TO /IR UP ! OLD SWAMP ( ,PRUSSIAN REACTION & TO BL[ A FRE% BREEZE ?R\< ! POLITICAL LIFE ( ALL ,G]MANY4 ,A RE=M ( ! ,PRUSSIAN ELECTORAL LAW CANNOT BE A*IEV$ BY P>LIAM5T>Y MEANS2 H]E ONLY A DIRECT MASS ACTION FROM )\T1 9 ! C\NTRY1 CAN BR+ AB\T *ANGE - WE >E MORE FIRMLY AW>E ( ?IS ?AN EV]1 FOLL[+ \R FIR/ EXP]I5CES ( /REET DEMON/RATIONS ON ! ONE H&1 & ! EV5TS 9 ! ELECTORAL COMMISSION ( ! ,PRUSSIAN ,L&TAG ON ! O!R4 

,NEV]!LESS1 IF ! LATE/ IMPRESSIVE /REET DEMON/RATIONS ALREADY SIGNIFY A WELCOME 9NOVATION 9 ! \TW>D =MS ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY'S /RUGGLE1 & IF AT ! SAME TIME !Y HAVE SET (F A MO/ P[]FUL MASS /RUGGLE = ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ,PRUSSIA1 !N !Y = !IR P>T IMPOSE C]TA9 OBLIGATIONS ON ! P>TY TO :OSE 9ITIATIVE & LEAD]%IP !Y >E ATTRIBUTABLE4 ,9 VIEW ( ! MASS MOVEM5T IT HAS UNLEA%$1 \R P>TY MU/ HAVE A CLE> & DEF9ITE PLAN ( H[ IT 9T5DS TO CONT9UE ! MASS ACTION :I* IT HAS ALREADY BEGUN4 ,/REET DEMON/RATIONS1 LIKE MILIT>Y DEMON/RATIONS1 >E USUALLY ONLY A PRELUDE TO ! BATTLE4 ,!RE >E CASES 9 :I* DEMON/RATIONS ALONE ATTA9 !IR 5D BY 9TIMIDAT+ ! 5EMY4 ,BUT AP>T FROM ! UND5IABLE FACT ?AT ! 5EMY1 9 ?IS CASE ! UNIFI$ REACTION ( ! ,JUNK]S1 HAUTE B\RGEOISIE & MON>*I/S 9 ,PRUSSIA & ,G]MANY1 IS NOT 9 ! LEA/ 9CL9$ TO GIVE 9 DEMON/RATIONS CAN EX]T AN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE ONLY :5 !Y >E BACK$ UP BY ! FIRM RESOLVE & READ9ESS TO RESORT1 IF NECESS>Y1 TO /RONG] ME?ODS ( DO+ BATTLE4 ,ABOVE ALL WE MU/ BE CLE> AB\T :AT WE 9T5D TO DO IF ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS PROVE 9ADEQUATE TO A*IEVE !IR DIRECT 5D4 

,! NECESSITY ( COMPLETE LUCIDITY & DET]M9ATION 9 ?IS REG>D HAS BE5 PROV5 BY ! P>TY'S EXP]I5CE UNTIL N[4 ,TWO YE>S AGO WE MADE ! FIR/ ATTEMPTS AT /REET DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,PRUSSIA4 ,EV5 !N ! MASSES PROV$ EQUAL TO ! SITUATION1 & 5?USIA/ICALLY FOLL[$ ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC RALLY+ CRY4 ,AMONG ! >\S$ MASSES ONE C\LD S5SE A FRE% BREEZE1 A HOPE = NEW & MORE EFFECTIVE =MS ( /RUGGLE1 A RESOLVE NOT TO BE 9TIMIDAT$ OR TO %R9K FROM ANY SACRIFICE4 ,& :AT WAS ! 5D RESULT8 ,! P>TY ADVANC$ NO NEW DEM&S & ! ACTION WAS NOT EXT5D$ & CONT9U$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MASSES W]E TACITLY W>N$ TO DESI/1 ! G5]AL AGITATION EBB$ AWAY =?)1 & ! :OLE AFFAIR 9 FACT RAN AGR\ND4 

,?IS FIR/ EXP]IM5T MI<T BE AN 9DICATION & A W>N+ TO \R P>TY ?AT MASS DEMON/RATIONS HAVE !IR [N LOGIC & !IR [N PSY*OLOGY2 TO TAKE !SE 9TO ACC\NT IS AN URG5T NECESSITY = POLITICIANS :O WI% TO MA/] !M4 ,= ! EXPRESSIONS ( ! MASSES' WILL 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE CANNOT BE HELD AT ONE & ! SAME LEVEL >TIFICIALLY OR = ANY L5G? ( TIME1 NOR CAN !Y BE 5CAPSULAT$ 9 ONE & ! SAME =M4 ,!Y MU/ BE 9T5SIFI$1 CONC5TRAT$ & MU/ TAKE ON NEW & MORE EFFECTIVE =MS4 ,ONCE UNLEA%$1 ! MASS ACTION MU/ GO =W>D4 ,& IF AT ! ACKN[L$G$ MOM5T ! LEAD+ P>TY LACKS ! RESOLVE TO PROVIDE ! MASSES ) ! NECESS>Y WAT*WORDS1 !N !Y >E 9EVITABLY OV]COME BY A C]TA9 DISILLUSIONM5T1 !IR C\RAGE VANI%ES & ! ACTION COLLAPSES ( ITSELF4 

,WE HAD A SMALL BUT CLE> W>N+ 9 ?IS DIRECTION RI<T AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! PRES5T CAMPAIGN4 ,:5 ! P>TY LEAD]%IP 9 ,B]L9 >RANG$ ?OSE SIXTY-TWO MEET+S 9 ,JANU>Y & FAIL$ TO COMB9E !M ) /REET DEMON/RATIONS1 9 REALITY WE EXP]I5C$ A SET-BACK4 ,AS IS WELL KN[N1 !SE MEET+S W]E V]Y POORLY ATT5D$1 DESPITE \R 9CREAS$ AGITATION1 & ONLY ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#c?1 :5 WE HAD PLANN$ FROM ! \TSET = PROCESSIONS ?R\< ! /REETS1 DID ! MASSES FOLL[ ! P>TY'S RALLY+ CRY 5?USIA/ICALLY & 9 VA/ MULTITUDES4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! S*EME ( NEATLY & EFFICI5TLY GO+ ?R\< ! :OLE CATALOG FROM BEG9N+ TO 5D1 FROM MEET+S )\T /REET DEMON/RATIONS TO MEET+S ) /REET DEMON/RATIONS1 & SO ON1 SIMPLY CANNOT HE DONE 9 PRACTICE4 ,! PROLET>IAN MASSES 9 ,B]L91 & 9 MO/ ( ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ,PRUSSIA1 HAVE ALREADY BE5 SO /RONGLY >\S$ BY ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ?AT ! =M ( M]E PROTE/ MEET+S AGA9/ ! 9JU/ICE ( ! ,PRUSSIAN ELECTORAL SY/EM1 ) ITS USUAL PASS+ ( RESOLUTIONS1 IS NO LONG] 5\< = !M4 ,/REET DEMON/RATIONS >E TODAY ! LEA/ ACTION :I* CAN CORRESPOND TO ! RES5TFUL MASSES' ?IR/ = ACTION & TO ! T5SE POLITICAL SITUATION4 

,BUT = H[ LONG8 ,ONE W\LD HAVE TO BE WELL \T ( T\* ) ! 9TELLECTUAL LIFE ( ! P>TY MASSES ACROSS ! C\NTRY NOT TO P]CEIVE CLE>LY ?AT ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS1 ESPECIALLY AFT] !IR 9ITIAL ADVANCES ( REC5T WEEKS1 HAVE CREAT$ A FRAME ( M9D ?R\< !IR 9N] LOGIC1 & AT ! SAME TIME HAVE OBJECTIVELY CREAT$ A SITUATION ON ! BATTLEFIELD :I* LEADS PA/ ! DEMON/RATIONS !MSELVES & :I* SOON] OR LAT] MAKES FUR!R /EPS & /RONG] ME?ODS UNAVOIDABLY NECESS>Y4 

,! PROCE$+S 9 ! ELECTORAL LAW COMMISSION & 9 ! PL5>Y SESSION ( ! ,PRUSSIAN ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES1 ! FACT ?AT EV5 ! MO/ DEMAGOGIC ( ALL P>TIES1 ! ,C5T]1 DID NOT HESITATE TO UNITE ) ! ,JUNK]S TO BLOCK ! ELECTORAL LAW1 ?US DE/ROY+ ALL HOPE = A S]I\S RE=M ( ?IS LAW - ALL ?IS1 COM+ AS AN ANSW] TO ! L>GE-SCALE DEMON/RATIONS 9 ALL ,PRUSSIA1 IS A SLAP 9 ! FACE = ! DEMON/RAT+ MASSES & = ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY AT !IR HEAD1 A BL[ :I* CANNOT GO UNRETURN$4 ,N[ ?AT ! OP5 /RUGGLE HAS BE5 TAK5 UP1 IT MU/ UNFOLD 9 RAPID SUCCESSION FROM ! REL5TLESS IRON LOGIC ( ?IS /RUGGLE ITSELF4 ,N[ ?AT ! REACTION HAS REJECT$ ! MASS DEMON/RATIONS BY SUBV]T+ ! ELECTORAL RE=M BILL 9 ! COMMISSION & 9 ! PL5>Y SESSION1 ! MASSES1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 MU/ REJECT ?IS SUBV]SION BY ATTACK+ ANEW4 ,9 A SITUATION SU* AS ?IS1 TO HESITATE = LONG1 TO EXT5D ! PAUSE BETWE5 EA* BATTLE1 TO BE 9DECISIVE 9 *OOS+ ! ME?OD & /RATEGY ( ! FUR!R /RUGGLE1 MEANS VIRTUALLY TO LOSE ! BATTLE4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO KEEP \R OPPON5TS UND] PRESSURE & NOT TO LET !M DEVELOP ! ILLUSION ?AT WE W\LD NOT D>E TO GO FUR!R ?AN WE HAVE ALREADY GONE1 OR ?AT WE W\LD NOT HAVE ! C\RAGE TO ACCEPT ! CONSEQU5CES4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS WILL SOON NO LONG] BE 5\< = ! PSY*OLOGICAL NE$1 ! COMBATIVE FRAME ( M9D1 ( ! MASSES1 & IF ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY DOES NOT RESOLUTELY ADVANCE ONE /EP FUR!R1 IF IT LETS ! RI<T POLITICAL MOM5T = GIV+ A FUR!R WAT*WORD SLIP BY1 !N IT CAN SC>CELY SUCCE$ 9 SU/A9+ ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS = ANY L5G? ( TIME4 ,! ACTION WILL !N F9ALLY GR[ TIR$ &1 AS TWO YE>S AGO1 COLLAPSE4 ,?IS EXP]I5CE IS CONFIRM$ BY ! EXAMPLES ( ANALOG\S /RUGGLES 9 ,BELGIUM1 9 ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y1 9 ,RUSSIA - /RUGGLES :I* ALSO EXHIBIT ! 9EVITABLE 9T5SIFICATION & PROGRESSION ( ! MASS ACTION & :I*1 JU/ BECAUSE ( ?IS 9T5SIFICATION1 OBTA9$ A POLITICAL RESULT4 

,ONE O!R FACT S]VES AS A CLE> SIGN ?AT = ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY /REET DEMON/RATIONS ALONE WILL SOON BE OV]TAK5 BY ! WAVE ( EV5TS4 ,TODAY !RE >E B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATS1 ,LEFTI/ RADICAL ELEM5TS ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 :O ORGANIZE /REET DEMON/RATIONS6 ,( C\RSE ! C\RAGE ( !SE HOMELESS POLITICIANS1 AS ANYONE CAN SEE1 DATES FROM ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC 9ITIATIVE4 ,& ( C\RSE ! MEET+S & /REET PROCESSIONS >RANG$ BY !SE RETIR$ (FIC]S )\T >MIES >E FILL$ L>GELY BY NONE O!R ?AN ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC WORK]S4 ,! V]Y FACT1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! /REET DEMON/RATIONS HAVE BECOME A ME?OD ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE & A NECESSITY = ! DEMOCRATIC B\RGEOISIE %[S ?AT !Y CAN NO LONG] BE ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE ADEQUATE = ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! ,LEFTI/ FRONT1 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY CAN DO JU/ICE TO ITS MISSION ( 5C\RAG+ ALL ELEM5TS OPPOS$ TO ! PROP]TI$ CLASSES ONLY BY =C+ ! ACTION ( ALL ELEM5TS TO A HEAD1 BY CON/ANTLY TAK+ ! LEAD & PO9T+ ! WAY ) ITS RESOLUTE SLOGANS4 ,IF /REET DEMON/RATIONS HAVE BECOME A ME?OD ( DO+ BATTLE = EV5 ,BREITS*EID1 ,LISZT & ,CO41 !N IT IS HI< TIME ?AT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY CONSID]$ :AT ITS NEXT ME?OD ( /RUGGLE IS TO BE4 

,?US ! P>TY F9DS ITSELF CONFRONT$ ON ALL SIDES ) ! QUE/ION3 :AT IS ! NEXT /EP8 ,& S9CE ! LA/ P>TY CONGRESS 9 ,PRUSSIA AVOID$ ?IS QUE/ION1 ) A GE/URE UN=TUNATELY RA!R MORE SPECTACUL> ?AN POLITICAL1 IT MU/ N[ BE SETTL$ BY A DISCUSSION 9 ! PRESS & AT PUBLIC MEET+S4 ,! MASS ( P>TY COMRADES 9 ! C\NTRY MU/ CONSID] & DECIDE :AT ! NEXT /EP IS TO BE4 ,ONLY !N1 ONLY AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! MASS ( ! P>TY1 CAN \R TACTICS ( FUR!R /RUGGLE ACQUIRE ! NECESS>Y VIGOR & IMPETUS4 

  

,I,I 

,! ANSW] HAS ALREADY BE5 GIV5 9 A NUMB] ( RESOLUTIONS & /ATEM5TS ( ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC WORK]S 9 V>I\S C5T]S ( \R MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,HALLE1 9 ,BREM51 9 ,BRESLAU1 9 ! AGITATION DI/RICT ( ,HESS5-,NASSAU1 9 ,KONIGSB]G1 \R COMRADES HAVE L\DLY NAM$ ! ME?OD ( /RUGGLE :I* ! PRES5T MASS /RUGGLE COMPELS ! P>TY TO EMPLOY2 IT IS ! MASS /RIKE4 

,9 PR9CIPLE \R P>TY 5DORS$ ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE BY =MAL P>TY RESOLUTION AT ! ,J5A ,CONGRESS FIVE YE>S AGO1 AS A ME?OD ( /RUGGLE APPLICABLE 9 ,G]MANY4 ,TO BE SURE1 :5 ?IS RESOLUTION WAS PASS$1 ! P>TY HAD 9 M9D ! POSSIBLE NECESSITY ( PROTECT+ ! EXI/+ RI<T TO VOTE = ! ,REI*/AG1 ?AT IS1 ! P>TY WAS ?9K+ ( A DEF5SIVE ACTION4 ,H[EV]1 9 VIEW ( ! CLOSE CONNECTION BETWE5 9T]NAL ,PRUSSIAN POLITICS & NATIONAL POLITICS1 9 VIEW ( ! LATE/ PROVOCATIONS & ?REATS ( A C\P D'ETAT BY ! ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK]S 9 ! ,REI*/AG1 & 9 VIEW ( ! 5TIRE SITUATION1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT 9 ! PRES5T /RUGGLE IT IS NOT JU/ ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ,PRUSSIA1 BUT ULTIMATELY ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ! ,REI*1 :I* IS AT /AKE4 ,IF ! ,JUNK]S & !IR ACCOMPLICES TRIUMPH OV] ! WORK]S 9 ! MATT] ( ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ,PRUSSIA1 ?IS WILL )\T D\BT SWELL !IR C\RAGE TO DEPRIVE !M ( !IR RI<T TO VOTE = ! ,REI*/AG AT AN OPPORTUNE MOM5T4 ,&1 CONV]SELY1 A VIGOR\S & SUCCESSFUL MASS (F5SIVE ON ! QUE/ION ( SUFFRAGE WILL BE ! BE/ & MO/ SECURE GU>ANTEE ( ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ! ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS4 

,! MASS /RIKE RECOMM5DS ITSELF ESPECIALLY TO ! PRES5T CAMPAIGN BECAUSE IT OCCURS TO SOME EXT5T AUTOMATICALLY1 AS ! NATURAL & 9EVITABLE 9T5SIFICATION ( A MASS ACTION :I* HAS ALREADY BEGUN & IS SPREAD+ FUR!R4 ,! NOTION ( A MASS /RIKE %OT FROM A PI/OL1 'MADE' ONE BEAUTIFUL MORN+ BY A SIMPLE P>TY DIRECTIVE1 IS ONLY A *ILDI% FANTASY1 AN AN>*I/IC *IM]A4 ,H[EV]1 A MASS /RIKE RESULT+ FROM A DEMON/RATION MOVEM5T ( ! VA/ WORK+ MASSES1 LA/+ SEV]AL MON?S & TAK+ ON 9CREAS+LY L>GE DIM5SIONS1 CREATES A SITUATION 9 :I* A P>TY ( ?REE MILLION IS CONFRONT$ ) ! DILEMMA ( EI!R PU%+ =W>D AT ANY PRICE OR ( SEE+ ! MASS ACTION COLLAPSE UNSUCCESSFULLY4 ,SU* A MASS /RIKE IS BORN ( ! 9N] NE$ & ( ! RESOLUT5ESS ( ! >\S$ MASSES1 & SIMULTANE\SLY ( ! CONC5TRAT$ POLITICAL SITUATION1 & IT IS BO? ITS [N JU/IFICATION & ! GU>ANTEE ( ITS [N EFFECTIV5ESS4 

,( C\RSE ! MASS /RIKE IS NOT A MIRACUL\S ME?OD GU>ANTEE+ SUCCESS UND] ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ! MASS /RIKE MU/ NOT BE REG>D$ AS AN >TIFICIAL1 UNIQUE & ME*ANICAL ME?OD1 A NEATLY APPLICABLE WAY ( EX]T+ POLITICAL PRESSURE ACCORD+ TO REGULATIONS & COMM&S4 ,! MASS /RIKE IS M]ELY ! EXT]NAL =M ( AN ACTION :I* HAS ITS [N 9N] DEVELOPM5T1 LOGIC1 9T5SIFICATION & CONSEQU5CES1 & !SE >E MO/ CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ! POLITICAL SITUATION & ITS FUR!R PROGRESS4 ,! MASS /RIKE1 ESPECIALLY AS A BRIEF2 S+LE DEMON/RATIVE /RIKE1 IS C]TA9LY NOT ! F9AL WORD ( ! 9CIPI5T POLITICAL CAMPAIGN4 ,RA!R IT IS ! CAMPAIGN'S FIR/ WORD AT ITS PRES5T /AGE4 ,& ?\< ! FUR!R C\RSE1 ! DURATION1 ! IMM$IATE SUCCESS1 & 9DE$ ! CO/S & SACRIFICES ( ?IS CAMPAIGN CANNOT HE WRITT5 D[N BE=EH& ) P5 ON PAP]1 AS CAN ! CO/-E/IMATES ( A /OCKBROK+ OP]ATION1 !RE >E NEV]!LESS SITUATIONS 9 :I* IT IS ! POLITICAL DUTY ( A P>TY :I* IS ! LEAD] ( MILLIONS TO GIVE RESOLUTELY ! WAT*WORDS :I* ALONE CAN SPUR ON ! /RUGGLE ?AT ?AT P>TY HAS BEGUN4 

,A P>TY1 SU* AS ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 :I* UPHOLDS ! PR9CIPLE ( ORGANIZATION & P>TY DISCIPL9E 9 AN UNPREC$5T$ MANN] VIRTUALLY ELIM9ATES ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! UNORGANIZ$ MASSES & !IR SPONTANE\S &1 AS IT W]E1 IMPROVIS$ ABILITY TO ACT -:I* UNTIL N[ HAS BE5 AN IMPORTANT & (T5 DECISIVE FACTOR 9 ALL GREAT POLITICAL /RUGGLES4 ,TO SU* A P>TY FALLS ! 9ESCAPABLE DUTY ( PO9T+ \T ! VALUE TO GREAT ACTIONS ( ?IS HI<LY DEVELOP$ ORGANIZATION & DISCIPL9E1 & !IR APPLICABILITY TO =MS ( ! /RUGGLE O!R ?AN P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS4 ,A DECISION MU/ BE MADE AS TO :E!R ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 :I* IS SUPPORT$ BY ! /RONGE/ TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION & ! GREATE/ >MY ( VOT]S 9 ! WORLD1 CAN BR+ AB\T A MASS ACTION 7:I* HAS BE5 DONE AT V>I\S TIMES ) GREAT SUCCESS 9 LITTLE ,BELGIUM1 9 ,ITALY1 9 ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y1 9 ,SW$5 - NOT TO M5TION ,RUSSIA71 OR :E!R 9 ,G]MANY A TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION NUMB]+ TWO MILLION MEMB]S & A P[]FUL1 WELL-DISCIPL9$ P>TY IS JU/ AS 9CAPABLE ( GIV+ BIR? TO AN EFFECTIVE MASS ACTION AT ! CRUCIAL MOM5T AS W]E ! ,FR5* TRADE UNIONS1 :I* HAD BE5 CRIPPL$ BY AN>*I/ CONFUSION1 & ! ,FR5* ,SOCIALI/ P>TY1 :I* HAD BE5 WEAK5$ BY 9T]NAL DISPUTES4 

,IT IS EVID5T ( C\RSE ?AT AN ACTION ( ! *>ACT] & SIGNIFICANCE ( ! MASS /RIKE CANNOT BE UND]TAK5 BY ! P>TY ALONE )\T ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,ONLY A COMMON1 UNIFI$ OP]ATION BY BO? ORGANIZATIONS CAN K9DLE A HUGE ACTION ACROSS ! 5TIRE C\NTRY1 ! ONLY K9D ( ACTION :I* CAN SUCCE$ 9 ,G]MANY4 ,N[ FROM ! TRADE UNIONS' PO9T ( VIEW1 V>I\S FACTORS COME 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ! WE/]N COAL-M9+ REGIONS HAVE = SOME TIME BE5 9VOLV$ 9 A VIOL5T UPHEAVAL & >E PREP>+ = A GREAT ECONOMIC /RUGGLE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! SITUATION 9 ! V>I\S BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION1 = EXAMPLE 9 ! BUILD+ TRADE1 HAS BE5 SO T5SE ?AT ! BOSSES >E ONLY WAIT+ = A SUITABLE PRETEXT TO 9ITIATE A L>GE-SCALE LOCK-\T4 ,AT FIR/ SI<T BO? CASES MI<T APPE> TO BE A REASON = CONSID]+ A POLITICAL MASS /RIKE AS 9OPPORTUNE FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,BUT ONLY AT FIR/ SI<T4 ,IF ONE LOOKS MORE CLOSELY1 ! CO9CID5CE ( L>GE-SCALE MASS /RIKES 9 ! COAL-M9+ 9DU/RY ) A POLITICAL /RIKE MOVEM5T C\LD BE ONLY USEFUL TO BO? ! TRADE UNION & ! P>TY4 ,9 ANY GREAT MASS MOVEM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT1 A GREAT NUMB] ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC FACTORS CO9CIDE4 ,TO ATTEMPT TO PEEL !SE AWAY FROM EA* O!R 9 AN >TIFICIAL MANN]1 TO ATTEMPT TO KEEP !M SEP>ATE FROM ONE ANO!R 9 A P$ANTIC FA%ION1 W\LD BE A VA9 & DETRIM5TAL />T4 ,A HEAL?Y1 VIABLE MOVEM5T1 SU* AS ! PRES5T ,PRUSSIAN CAMPAIGN1 MU/ & %\LD DRAW ITS SU/5ANCE FROM ALL ! ACCUMULAT$ 9FLAMMATORY SOCIAL MAT]IAL4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! SUCCESS ( ! N>R[] CAUSE ( ! M9]S CAN ONLY BE FUR!R$ IF !Y 5T] 9TO A BROAD] POLITICAL CAUSE1 !REBY IMBU+ !IR OPPON5TS - ! COAL MAGNATES & ! GOV]NM5T - ) GREAT] FE>4 ,!IR OPPON5TS W\LD !N SEE !MSELVES ALL ! MORE COMPELL$ TO SATISFY ! M9]S ) CONCESSIONS & TO ATTEMPT TO ISOLATE !M FROM ! POLITICAL TIDAL WAVE4 ,BUT AS F> AS ! ?REAT5+ LOCK-\TS >E CONC]N$ WE ALL KN[ ON ! BASIS ( C\NTLESS EXP]I5CES ?AT :5 ! 9T]E/S ( ! 5TREPR5EUR & ( HIS MA/]-9-MY-[N-H\SE /&PO9T SO REQUIRE1 HE HAS NEV] LACK$ ! PRETEXTS = A BRUTAL MASS LOCK-\T1 NOR HAS ANY ABS5CE ( SEMI-JU/IFI$ PRETEXTS EV] PREV5T$ HIM FROM C>RY+ \T HIS VIOL5T ACTS4 ,:E!R OR NOT A POLITICAL MASS /RIKE IS EFFECT$1 !RE WILL BE NO %ORTAGE ( LOCK-\TS1 SO LONG AS !Y SUIT ! BOSSES' PURPOSES4 ,?AT !SE LOCK-\TS CO9CIDE ) A GREAT POLITICAL MOVEM5T CAN ONLY HAVE ! EFFECT ( RAIS+ ! PROLET>IAT'S IDEALISM1 ITS READ9ESS TO MAKE SACRIFICES1 ITS 5]GY & ABILITY TO RESI/1 & ( MAK+ ! WORK]S MORE RESI/ANT TO ! P>TIAL SUFF]+S OCCASION$ BY !SE LOCK-\TS4 

,= ALL ?AT1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT CONSID]ATION FROM ! TRADE UNIONS' /&PO9T IS AS FOLL[S3 A GREAT MASS-/RIKE ACTION 9 EV]Y CASE 9VOLVES A /RONG RISK TO ! EXI/5CE ( ! TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION & ITS F9ANCIAL POSITION4 ,CAN & %\LD ! TRADE UNIONS ASSUME SU* A RISK8 ,= ! MOM5T WE WILL NOT DISPUTE ?AT !RE IS A RISK4 ,BUT :I* /RUGGLE1 :I* ACTION1 :I* PURELY ECONOMIC /RIKE DOES NOT 9VOLVE A RISK TO ! WORK]S' FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS8 ,%\LD ! P[]FUL CONSOLIDATION1 ! NUM]ICAL /R5G? ( \R ,G]MAN TRADE UNIONS BE A REASON = !IR TAK+ GREAT] ACC\NT ( SU* DANG]S 9 !IR /RUGGLES 7AS DO WEAK] TRADE UNIONS 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 = EXAMPLE 9 ,SW$5 & ,ITALY71 !N ?IS W\LD BE A DANG]\S >GUM5T AGA9/ ! TRADE UNIONS !MSELVES4 ,= ?IS W\LD LEAD TO ! PECULI> CONCLUSION ?AT ! GREAT] & /RONG] \R ORGANIZATION1 ! LESS CAPABLE ( ACTION1 ! MORE HESITANT WE BECOME4 ,! PURPOSE ( EV5 ! /RONGE/ CONSOLIDATION ( TRADE UNIONS W\LD ?US BE CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION1 S9CE WE NE$ ! ORGANIZATIONS AS A MEANS TO AN 5D1 AS ! TOOLS = ! /RUGGLE1 & NOT AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES4 ,BUT =TUNATELY ?IS QUE/ION CANNOT EV5 >ISE4 ,9 REALITY ! DANG]1 ! RISK ?AT \R TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATIONS RUN IS ONLY AN EXT]NAL ONE4 ,9 REALITY1 HEAL?Y1 /RONG ORGANIZATIONS PROVE !MSELVES ONLY 9 BITT] /RUGGLES2 !Y >ISE FROM EA* TRIAL ( /R5G? ) R5EW$ P[]S & >E AGA9 EQUAL TO ! TASK4 ,LET ! 9ITIAL CONSEQU5CES ( A G5]AL POLITICAL MASS /RIKE BE A WEAK5+ OR DAMAG+ TO A NUMB] ( TRADE UNIONS - AFT] A %ORT TIME NOT ONLY WILL ! OLD ORGANIZATION AGA9 FL\RI%1 BUT ! GREAT ACTION WILL >\SE NEW GR\PS ( ! PROLET>IAT & WILL BR+ ! ORGANIZATION'S IDEAS 9TO NEW CIRCLES :I* HAVE HI!RTO BE5 IMMUNE TO A PEACEFUL1 SY/EMATIC TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION4 ,OR ?IS GREAT ACTION WILL W9 OV] MULTITUDES ( ! PROLET>IAT :O UNTIL N[ HAVE BE5 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ! ,C5T] ,P>TY1 ! ,HIRS*-,DUNEK]ITES1.<,A.> ! ,LU!RANS4 ,A HEAL?Y1 L>GE1 BOLD MASS ACTION WILL ALWAYS BR+ ) IT GA9S :I* \TWEI< ! LOSSES4 ,AT ?IS V]Y MOM5T WE >E WITNESS+ AN 9/RUCTIVE EXAMPLE ( H[1 UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! MO/ CAUTI\S TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T CAN BE CAU<T UP 9 A SITUATION 9 :I* IT BECOMES A NECESSITY1 A MATT] ( HONOR1 = IT TO PLUNGE 9TO A GREAT /RUGGLE )\T TIMIDLY WEI<+ ALL ! *ANCES ( W9N+ AGA9/ ?OSE ( LOS+4 ,?IS EXAMPLE IS REVEAL$ TO US 9 ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,N[ ! TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION 9 ?AT CITY MI<T WELL BE CONSID]$ AS ! LEA/ REVOLUTION>Y1 FOOLH>DY & RA% 9 ! :OLE ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT IS AN ORGANIZATION HEAD$ BY ,GOMP]S1 A LUKEW>M POLITICIAN FULL ( SCORN = ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC '5?USIASM' & 'REVOLUTION>Y SLOGANS'4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION1 N[ 5T]+ ! POLITICAL BATTLE1 WILL P]HAPS PROCLAIM A COMPREH5SIVE G5]AL /RIKE 9 ! IMM$IATE FUTURE AIM$ AT SAFEGU>D+ ! FRE$OM TO ORGANIZE ( SIX HUNDR$ TRAMWAY EMPLOYES4 ,?AT ?IS VIOL5T TRIAL ( /R5G? AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 :I* IS GR[+ H\RLY1 9VOLVES ! ,AM]ICAN TRADE UNIONS 9 A GREAT RISK1 IS BEYOND D\BT4 ,H[EV]1 :O WILL CONDEMN ! MEASURES TAK5 BY ,GOMP]S 9 ?IS CASE1 & :O WILL NOT UND]/& ?AT ?IS GREAT TRIAL ( /R5G? CAN 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS HAVE ONLY ! MO/ B5EFICIAL CONSEQU5CES = ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T AS A :OLE 8 ,SIMIL>LY1 :5 ! BALANCE IS DRAWN UP1 ! ,G]MAN TRADE UNIONS AS A :OLE CAN ONLY PR(IT IF !Y ONCE MAKE !IR P[] FELT VIS-,A -VIS AN >ROGANT & UNIT$ CAPITALISM4 

,FROM ! POLITICAL /&PO9T1 ONE MORE FACTOR COMES 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,9 #a#i#a#b1 WE %ALL HAVE ! ,REI*/AG ELECTIONS1 9 :I* WE %ALL BE EXPECT$ TO GIVE \R G5]AL CONS5T TO ! ',HOTT5TOT ,ELECTIONS'4.<,B.> ,ADMITT$LY \R OPPON5TS HAVE PAV$ ! WAY ADMIRABLY = US ) !IR F9ANCE RE=M4 ,= \R P>T1 H[EV]1 WE CANNOT CREATE A MORE SPL5DID SITUATION ?AN TO >RANGE A GREAT PRELIM9>Y POLITICAL MASS ACTION ON A SCALE :I* ,G]MANY HAS NOT YET WITNESS$4 ,BY >\S+ ! BROADE/ MASSES1 BY 9CREAS+ !IR IDEALISM & BY *ANNEL+ !IR FI<T+ 5]GY AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 WE CAN A*IEVE A DEGREE ( 5LI<T5M5T & UND]/&+ :I* WILL MAKE ! COM+ ELECTIONS A /UNN+ ,WAT]LOO = ! RUL+ SY/EM4 

,FROM BO? ! TRADE UNIONS' & ! POLITICAL /&-PO9T1 !N1 WE >E IMPELL$ TO3 FIR/ LOOK1 & !N LEAP6 

,A POLITICAL MASS /RIKE 9 ,G]MANY - 9 ?IS CASE1 ( C\RSE1 IT IS NOT ,PRUSSIA ALONE :I* COMES 9TO CONSID]ATION2 ! P>TY MASSES 9 ! RE/ ( ! ,REI* WILL SURELY HA/5 TO US ) !IR 5?USIA/IC & SPONTANE\S SUPPORT - A ,G]MAN MASS /RIKE W\LD EX]T A F>-REA*+1 LONG-RANGE EFFECT ON ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT W\LD BE A FACT :I* W\LD 5HANCE IMMEASURABLY ! C\RAGE1 ! BELIEF 9 SOCIALISM1 ! CONFID5CE1 ! READ9ESS = SACRIFICE ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ALL C\NTRIES4 ,TO BE SURE1 CONSID]ATIONS ( ?IS K9D CANNOT BE A REASON = ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ! ,G]MAN TRADE UNIONS TO DECIDE TO APPLY ! MASS /RIKE2 SU* A /RIKE MU/ BE A PRODUCT ( ! 9T]NAL SITUATION 9 ,G]MANY ITSELF4 ,H[EV]1 9 DRAW+ UP ! PR(IT & LOSS COLUMNS ( ! BALANCE-%EET ( A POSSIBLE APPLICATION ( ! MASS /RIKE1 SU* CONSID]ATIONS %\LD ALSO BE 9CLUD$4 ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY HAS UNTIL N[ PROVID$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ) ! GREAT MODEL 9 ! >EAS ( P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE1 ORGANIZATION & P>TY DISCIPL9E4 ,P]HAPS IT WILL SOON PROVIDE A %9+ EXAMPLE ( H[ ALL !SE ADVANTAGES CAN BE COMB9$ ) A RESOLUTE & 9TREPID MASS ACTION4 

,NEV]!LESS IT MO/ NOT BE ANTICIPAT$ BY ANY MEANS ?AT ONE F9E DAY ! SUPREME LEAD]%IP ( ! MOVEM5T1 ! ,P>TY ,EXECUTIVE & ! ,G5]AL ,COMMISSION ( ! TRADE UNIONS1 WILL GIVE ! 'COMM&' TO COMM5CE ! MASS /RIKE4 ,CORPORATE BODIES :I* BE> ! RESPONSIBILITY = MILLIONS >E NATURALLY HESITANT TO PASS RESOLUTIONS :I*1 AFT] ALL1 MU/ BE C>RI$ \T BY O!RS4 ,BEYOND ?IS1 ! DECISION TO UND]TAKE A DIRECT MASS ACTION CAN ORIG9ATE ONLY 9 ! MASS ITSELF4 ,! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS CAN ONLY BE ! WORK ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF - ?IS GUID+ PR9CIPLE FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O HAS ALSO ! SPECIFIC MEAN+ ?AT1 EV5 )9 ! CLASS P>TY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ANY GREAT1 DECISIVE MOVEM5T MU/ ORIG9ATE NOT 9 ! 9ITIATIVE ( A H&FUL ( LEAD]S1 BUT 9 ! CONVICTION & SOLID>ITY ( ! MASS ( P>TY SUPPORT]S4 ,AGA91 ! DECISION TO FI<T ! PRES5T /RUGGLE = ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ,PRUSSIA1 & TO FI<T 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! PL$GE ( \R ,PRUSSIAN P>TY CONF]5CE - ') ALL ! MEANS AT \R DISPOSAL'1 ?AT IS1 ) ! MEANS ( ! MASS /RIKE - CAN BE TAK5 ONLY BY ! BROADE/ GR\PS 9 ! P>TY4 ,IT IS A MATT] = \R COMRADES 9 ! P>TY & ! TRADE UNIONS 9 EV]Y CITY & EV]Y DI/RICT TO /ATE !IR POSITION ON ! QUE/IONS RAIS$ BY ! PRES5T SITUATION & TO EXPRESS CLE>LY & OP5LY !IR VIEWS1 !IR WILL1 SO ?AT ! OP9ION ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK+ MASSES CAN MAKE ITSELF HE>D AS A :OLE4 ,& HAV+ DONE ?IS1 \R LEAD]S WILL BE AS SECURE 9 !IR PO/S AS !Y HAVE EV] BE54 

.<,A.> ,A TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION SET UP 9 ! #a#h#eS UND] ! EGIS ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE & OPPOS$ TO ANY POLITICAL TIES BETWE5 UNIONS & P>TIES4 

.<,B.> ,! NAME GIV5 TO ! #aig ,REI*/AG ELECTION CAMPAIGN :5 ! ,*ANCELLOR1 VON ,BUL[1 CAMPAIGN$ ON AN IMP]IALI/ PLAT=M DESIGN$ TO BR& ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS AS TRAITORS TO ! NATION4 

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