,! ,NEW ,FRE$OM 
,CORPORATE ,CAPITALISM 

#aifa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN 

,SECTIONS 7,T,O,C7 3 
     

O ,9TRODUCTION 

      #dge ,WORDS2 #b1#g#h#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,GOLD5 ,AGE 

      #f1#d#a#f ,WORDS2 #c#h1#c#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,DEMOCRATIC ,EXP]IM5T 

      #a#d1#b#a#g ,WORDS2 #h#i1#d#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,GR[? ( ,CAPITALISM 

      #a#c1#f#a ,WORDS2 #h#a1#c#g ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,IDEOLOGY & ,MANIPULATION 

      #a#i1#f#i ,WORDS2 #a#b#b1#g#e#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,CORPORATE ,DISP5SATION 

      #b#g1#e#g#d ,WORDS2 #a#g#c1#c#e#i ,*>ACT]S     

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHY 

      #c1#e#e#d ,WORDS2 #b#e1#g#i#c ,*>ACT]S     

O ,PUBLICATION ,HI/ORY 

      #bea ,WORDS2 #a1#g#b#a ,*>ACT]S     

O ,NOTES 

      #c1#a#i#a ,WORDS2 #c1#i#a#d ,*>ACT]S 

,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,9TRODUCTION 

,READ]1 

,AT ! HAZ>D ( BE+ DISMISS$ BY Y\ WE IMPRUD5TLY ASK Y\ TO UND]TAKE C]TA9 OBLIGATIONS ON RECEIV+ ?IS BOOK4 ,PRUD5CE1 WE FEEL1 IS NOT ! PROP] RESPONSE TO IMP5D+ CATA/ROPHE :I*1 IF IT IS TO BE AV]T$1 HAD BETT] BE MET ) ACUTE =ESI<T1 ) CRITICAL APPRAISAL1 ) C\RAGE\S ACTION4 

,?IS BOOK IS ADDRESS$ TO :AT ! AU?OR CONSID]S ! CRITICAL PROBLEMS ( ALL ,HUMANITY 9 \R TIME4 ,! PROBLEMS >E ! CURR5T MIS]Y ( MANK9D1 & ! ?REAT ( A G5OCIDAL W>4 ,! MIS]Y CANNOT BE ALLEVIAT$1 NOR ! DE/RUCTION AV]T$1 BY M5 :O >E NOT CONSCI\S ( ! ?REAT OR ( ITS CAUSES4 

,! PURPOSE ( ?IS BOOK IS TO COMMUNICATE ! AU?OR'S UND]/&+ ( !SE PROBLEMS TO READ]S4 ,WE FEEL CONV9C$ ?AT SU* COMMUNICATION CANNOT BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY A PUBLI%+ NETWORK :OSE PRIM>Y PURPOSE IS NOT COMMUNICATION BUT PR(IT4 

,9 VIEW ( !SE CONSID]ATIONS1 WE TURN TO Y\1 READ]1 & ASK Y\ TO MAKE Y\RSELF RESPONSIBLE = ! LIFE OR ! DEA?1 ! 5JOYM5T OR ! MIS]Y1 ( ALL HUMANITY4 ,WE ASK ?IS BY PLAC+ A SMALL TASK BE=E Y\1 A TASK :I* IS NOT 9T5D$ TO BE ! 5D ( Y\R 5DEAVORS1 BUT M]ELY ! CUE :I* WE HOPE WILL 9SPIRE Y\ TO DEVISE F> GREAT] PROJECTS ( Y\R [N4 

,WE DO NOT ASK Y\ TO AGREE ) ! ANALYSIS CONTA9$ 9 ?IS BOOK1 9 :OLE OR 9 P>T2 BUT WE DO ASK Y\ TO READ ! BOOK & TO %>E AT LEA/ \R CONC]N4 

,WE FUR!R ASK Y\ TO %>E \R CONC]N OV] ! LACK ( UNFETT]$ M$IA ( COMMUNICATION 9 A L& :]E ! PRESS IS A BUS9ESS4 ,Y\ & ,I >E1 WE FEEL1 RESPONSIBLE TO DEVISE WAYS ( CIRCUMV5T+ ?IS LACK4 ,WE WANT Y\ TO JO9 US 9 A SE>* = A FREE PRESS & A FREE LIT]ATURE :OSE SOLE AIM IS COMMUNICATION4 

,IF Y\ %>E \R CONC]N1 IF NOT \R 9T]PRETATION1 WE ASK Y\ EI!R TO SEE TO IT ?AT ?IS BOOK IS REPRODUC$ AGA91 & YET AGA91 & DI/RIBUT$ )\T *>GE1 OR ?AT Y\R [N 9T]PRETATION ( ! PROBLEM IS REPRODUC$ & DI/RIBUT$ FREE ( *>GE4 ,IF Y\ DO ?IS1 READ]1 ! BUS9ESS PRESS WILL HAVE BE5 CIRCUMV5T$4 

,IF Y\ FEEL Y\RSELF BETT] SUIT$ TO DIFF]5T =MS ( COMMUNICATION1 ALL[ US TO SUGGE/ FREE PLAYS1 FREE NOVELS1 PO/]S1 PAMPHLETS2 ALL[ US TO SUGGE/ ?AT Y\ ORGANIZE Y\R COMMUNITY = LECTURES1 =UMS1 PICKETS1 /RIKES4444 

,IF Y\ DO NONE ( !SE ?+S1 & IF Y\ DO NOT 5GAGE Y\RSELF 9 ANY ( ! 9F9ITE NUMB] ( PROJECTS :I* HAVE NOT OCCURR$ TO US1 !N KN[1 READ]1 ?AT 9 \R EYES Y\ WILL HAVE ABDICAT$ Y\R RESPONSIBILITY TO ALL LIV+ HUMANITY1 & TO ALL ! DEAD :O HAVE MADE Y\ :AT Y\ >E1 GIV5 Y\ :AT Y\ HAVE1 & TAU<T Y\ :AT Y\ KN[4 

O ,*APT] #a 3 ,GOLD5 ,AGE 

,HAPPY ! AGE & HAPPY ! TIMES ON :I* ! ANCI5TS BE/[$ ! NAME ( GOLD51 NOT BECAUSE GOLD1 :I* 9 ?IS IRON AGE ( \RS IS RAT$ SO HI<LY1 WAS ATTA9ABLE )\T LABOR 9 ?OSE =TUNATE TIMES1 BUT RA!R BECAUSE ! PEOPLE ( ?OSE DAYS DID NOT KN[ ?OSE TWO WORDS ?9E & M9E4 ,9 ?AT BLESS$ AGE ALL ?+S W]E HELD 9 COMMON4 ,NO MAN1 TO GA9 HIS COMMON SU/5ANCE1 NE$$ TO MAKE ANY GREAT] EF=T ?AN TO REA* UP HIS H& & PLUCK IT FROM ! /RONG OAKS1 :I* LIT]ALLY !IR SWEET & SAVORY FRUIT4 ,CLE> SPR+S & RUNN+ RIV]S (F]$ HIM !IR SWEET & LIMPID WAT] 9 GLORI\S ABUNDANCE4 ,9 CLEFTS ( ! ROCK & HOLL[ TREES ! C>EFUL & PROVID5T BEES =M$ !IR COMMONWEAL?1 (F]+ TO EV]Y H& )\T 9T]E/ ! F]TILE PRODUCE ( !IR FRAGRANT TOIL4 ,SPONTANE\SLY1 \T ( %E] C\RTESY1 ! /URDY CORK TREES %$ !IR LI<T & BROAD B>K1 ) :I* M5 FIR/ COV]$ !IR H\SES1 SUPPORT$ ON R\< POLES ONLY AS A DEF5SE AGA9/ ! 9CLEM5CIES ( ! HEAV5S4 ,ALL WAS PEACE !N1 ALL AMITY1 ALL CONCORD4 ,! CROOK$ PL[ HAD NOT YET D>$ TO =CE OP5 & SE>* ! K9DLY B[ELS ( \R FIR/ MO!R ) ITS HEAVY COLT]2 = )\T COMPULSION %E YIELD$ FROM EV]Y P>T ( H] F]TILE & BROAD BOSOM EV]Y?+ TO SATISFY1 SU/A91 & DELI<T ! *ILDR5 :O !N POSSESS$ H]4 ,!N DID ! SIMPLE & LOVELY %EPH]DESSES GO FROM VALLEY TO VALLEY & FROM HILL TO HILL1 ) !IR TRESSES LOOSE1 & )\T MORE CLO!S ?AN W]E NE$$ TO COV] MODE/LY :AT MODE/Y REQUIRES1 & HAS ALWAYS REQUIR$1 TO BE CONCEAL$4 ,= W]E !RE SU* ORNAM5TS AS >E 9 FA%ION TODAY1 ALL TRUMP$ UP ) ,TYRIAN PURPLE & SILK 9 SO MANY CONTORT$ %APES4 ,YET1 ) ONLY A FEW GRE5 LOAVES ( DOCK & IVY PLAIT$ TOGE!R1 !Y MU/ HAVE LOOK$ AS SPL5DID & ELEGANT AS \R C\RT LADIES ) ! R>E & \TL&I% 9V5TIONS :I* IDLE CURIOSITY HAS TAU<T !M4 ,9 ?OSE DAYS ! S\L'S AMOR\S FANCIES W]E CLO!D SIMPLY & PLA9LY1 EXACTLY AS !Y W]E CONCEIV$1 )\T ANY SE>* = >TIFICIAL ELABORATIONS TO 5HANCE !M4 ,NOR HAD FRAUD1 DECEIT1 OR MALICE M+L$ ) TRU? & S9C]ITY4 ,JU/ICE PURSU$ H] [N PROP] PURPOSES1 UNDI/URB$ & UNASSAIL$ BY FAVOR & 9T]E/1 :I* SO IMPAIR1 RE/RA91 & P]V]T H] TO-DAY4 ,! LAW DID NOT !N DEP5D ON ! JUDGE'S NICE 9T]PRETATIONS1 = !RE W]E NONE TO JUDGE OR TO BE JUDG$44440.<#a.> 

,G5]\S GOA!RDS SAT >\ND A RU/IC TABLE & LI/5$ TO !IR ELOQU5T GUE/1 ,DON ,QUIXOTE DE LA ,MAN*A1 AS HE TOLD !M ( AN AGE LONG PA/ & SOM$AY TO RETURN4 ,! GOA!RDS W]E NOT AS FAMILI> AS ! ,DON WIDI ! FEUDAL WORLD ( FRAUD1 DECEIT & MALICE4 ,TO !M ! DESCRIPTION ( ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE WAS A FASC9AT+ H>ANGUE4 ,!Y DID NOT KN[ ! ,DON WAS HOLD+ UP AN IDEAL TO HIS ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,?AT ! GOA!RDS UND]/OOD HIM NO BETT] ?AN HIS O!R CONTEMPOR>IES IS NOT SURPRIS+4 ,DON ,QUIXOTE HIMSELF DIDN'T FULLY UND]/& HIS VISION1 NOR HIS MISSION ) RELATION TO IT4 ,HE KNEW ?AT ! WORLD ( NOBLEM5 & PA9T$ LADIES WAS PASS+ AWAY4 ,HE HOP$ ?IS WORLD W\LD GIVE WAY TO AN AGE ( CREATIVE COOP]ATION & COMMUNAL %>+4 ,YET ALL >\ND HE SAW AN 9CREASE ( PLUND] & REPRESSION1 FRAUD & DECEIT4 ,HE DID NOT KN[ TO :OM TO ADDRESS HIS COMPLA9T1 TO :OM TO APPEAL = ! REALIZATION ( HIS IDEAL4 ,SO HE RELEGAT$ HIS IDEAL TO A LONG-=GOTT5 PA/4 ,HE PREP>$ TO BUILD ! NEW WORLD BY TAK+ UP ! ROLE ( ,KNI<T--A V]SION ( KNI<?OOD ?AT HAD NEV] EXI/$4 ,HE S\<T TO IMPLEM5T A DREAM & NEGATE ! CORRUPTION ( AN ]A BY REVIV+ ! ]A'S MO/ CORRUPT & REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTION4 ,& !N HE C\LD NOT F9D ! GIANTS :O W]E RESPONSIBLE = ! MIS]Y & REPRESSION4 ,BUT HE WAS DET]M9$ TO F9D !M & ROOT !M \T1 & 9 HIS DET]M9ATION HE *>G$ BRAVELY ) HIS HORSE & LANCE AT 9DIFF]5T W9DMILLS4 

,%AKESPE>E'S ,GONZAGO ALSO HELD UP ! IMAGE ( A ,GOLD5 ,AGE4 

444 NO K9D ( TRAFFIC 

,W\LD ,I ADMIT2 NO NAME ( MAGI/RATE2 

,LETT]S %\LD NOT BE KN[N2 RI*ES1 POV]TY1 

,& USE ( S]VICE1 NONE2 CONTRACT1 SUCCESSION1 

,B\RN1 B\ND ( L&1 TIL?1 V9EY>D1 NONE2 

,ALL ?+S 9 COMMON NATURE %\LD PRODUCE ,)\T SWEAT OR 5DEAVOR3 TREASON1 FELONY1 

,SWORD1 PIKE1 KNIFE1 GUN1 OR NE$ ( ANY 5G9E ,W\LD ,I NOT HAVE2 BUT NATURE %\LD BR+ =?1 

,( IT [N K9D1 ALL FOISON1 ALL ABUNDANCE1 

,TO FE$ MY 9NOC5T PEOPLE4.<#b.> 

,BUT ,GONZAGO1 TOO1 SPEAKS TO DEAF E>S & DECAY$ IMAG9ATIONS4 ,! NOBLEM5 :O LI/5 F9D ONLY AN IMAGE ( !IR [N REALITY 9 ,GONZAGO'S DREAM4 

,SEBA/IAN4 ,NO M>RY+ 'MONG HIS SUBJECTS8 

,ANTONIO4 ,NONE1 MAN2 ALL IDLE2 :ORES & KNAVES4 

,PROSP]O1 FAMILI> ) ! NEW KN[L$GE & NEW P[] BE+ MADE AVAILABLE TO ,WE/]N MAN 9 ! ,R5AISSANCE1 WANT$ TO USE ! KN[L$GE & P[] TO B5EFIT & $UCATE MANK9D4 

,& 9 ,MIR&A1 ,%AKESPE>E EXPRESS$ HOPE ?AT ! ,NEW ,WORLD SO VISIBLY REPLAC+ ! OLD W\LD FULFILL ITS PROMISE & TRULY AB\ND ) GOOD WILL1 PL5TY1 & BEAUTY4 

,O1 WOND]6 

,H[ MANY GOODLY CREATURES >E !RE H]E6 

,H[ BEAUTE\S MANK9D IS6 ,O BRAVE NEW WORLD1 

,?AT HAS SU* PEOPLE 9'T6 

,GONZAGO & ,DON ,QUIXOTE LOCAT$ DIEIR VISION 9 AN AGE LONG PA/4 ,BUT !RE W]E M5 :O1 EV] S9CE ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 HAD DEM&$ ?AT A JU/ & HUMANE SOCIETY BE E/ABLI%$ )9 !IR [N LIFETIMES4 ,! ,ANABAPTI/S LE>N$ FROM PRIE/S AB\T A ,K+DOM ( ,GOD :I* BECAME ACCESSIBLE TO M5 AFT] !Y REA*$ !IR GRAVES4 ,! ,ANABAPTI/S COMP>$ ! VISION ) ! MIS]Y ALLOTT$ TO LIV+ M54 ,!IR SPOKESMAN ,?OMAS ,MI9Z] SPOKE ( ! 0C\RAGE & /R5G? TO REALIZE ! IMPOSSIBLE10.<#c.> & ! HOPEFUL PEASANTS ROSE 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ! PRIE/S :O PROMIS$ SALVATION BUT DISP5S$ OPPRESSION1 ! ,ANABAPTI/S DEM&$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,K+DOM ( ,GOD AMONG DIE LIV+4 ,:5 ,LU!R PROCLAIM$ ?AT PRIE/S & ,*UR* W]E IRRELEVANT TO ,SALVATION1 ! ,ANABAPTI/S ?\<T !Y HAD AN IMPORTANT ALLY4 ,BUT ,LU!R1 REJECT+ PRIE/S1 TURN$ TO ! ,PR9CES ( ! OLD REGIME3 0,:OSO CAN1 /RIKE1 SMITE1 /RANGLE1 OR /AB1 SECRETLY OR PUBLICLY 444 SU* WOND]FUL TIMES >E !SE ?AT A PR9CE CAN BETT] M]IT ,HEAV5 ) BLOOD%$ ?AN ANO!R ) PRAY]4440 0444/]N H>D CIVIL RULE IS NECESS>Y' 9 ! WORLD1 LE/ ! WORLD BECOME WILD1 PEACE VANI%1 & COMM]CE & COMMON 9T]E/S BE DE/ROY$4444 ,NO ONE NE$ ?9K ?AT ! WORLD CAN BE RUL$ )\T BLOOD4 ,! CIVIL SWORD %ALL & MU/ BE R$ & BLOODY40.<#d.> ,& ,LU!R PRAIS$ ! BRUTAL & BLOODY REPRESSION ( ! HOPEFUL PEASANTS4 0,I W\LD RA!R SUFF] A PR9CE DO+ WRONG ?AN A PEOPLE DO+ RI<T40.<#e.> 

,9 MID-SEV5TE5? C5TURY ,5GL& A GR\P ( M5 :O CALL$ !MSELVES ! 0,TRUE ,LEVEL]S0 ATTEMPT$ ONCE MORE TO MAKE ! ,K+DOM ( ,GOD A HUMAN REALITY4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ! COMMON L&S ( ,5GL& W]E BE+ 5CLOS$--! L&S W]E TAK5 FROM ! M5 :O US$ & WORK$ !M & GIV5 TO RI* M54 ,H[EV]1 A SMALL GR\P TOOK SOME UN5CLOS$ L& & CULTIVAT$ IT1 ) ! PURPOSE ( DI/RIBUT+ ! FRUITS ( !IR WORK AMONG ! POOR.<#f.> ,L&LORDS1 LAWY]S1 (FICIALS & MOBS SUPPRESS$ ?IS EXP]IM5T1 & ! GR\P BECAME NOTORI\S UND] ! NAME ( 0,DIGG]S40 ,! SPOKESMAN ( ! ,DIGG]S1 ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY1 URG$ ?AT ! EXP]IM5T BE ADOPT$ AS A MODEL = ! GOV]NM5T ( ALL ,5GL&4 

,M5 9 ! DY+ FEUDAL SOCIETY DREAM$ ( 0?OSE =TUNATE TIMES0 :5 M5 0DID NOT KN[ ?OSE TWO WORDS ?9E & M9E0 !Y DREAM$ ( ! 0BLESS$ AGE0 :5 0ALL ?+S W]E HELD 9 COMMON10 BECAUSE ! SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y DREAM$ WAS ONE :]E ALL ?+S W]E HELD BY V]Y FEW M52 IT WAS AN AGE :5 MO/ M5 KNEW ONLY UNBROK5 MIS]Y & F\ND SALVATION ONLY 9 ! GRAVE4 ,MO/ M5 W]E CONDEMN$ TO LABOR !IR 5TIRE LIVES = A B>E SUBSI/5CE4 ,A SMALL NUMB] ( M5 5JOY$ PRIVILEGES1 DID NOT WORK1 W]E SU/A9$ BY ! WORK+ MAJORITY1 & CONSCRIPT$ ! PEOPLE :O SUPPORT$ !M TO FI<T !IR W>S4 ,)9 ?IS FEUDAL CONTEXT1 ,DON ,QUIXOTE & ,GONZAGO DREAM$ ( A BETT] WORLD4 ,BUT TO SUPPORT HIS DREAM1 ! ,DON C\LD ONLY APPEAL TO GOA!RDS :O HAD NEV] BE5 P>T ( ! FEUDAL WORLD1 & TO IMPLEM5T HIS DREAM HE C\LD ONLY ATTACK W9DMILLS4 ,& ,GONZAGO C\LD F9D NO BETT] AUDI5CE ?AN TWO CYNICAL POLITICIANS :OSE FAMILI>ITY ) LIFE BEYOND /ATE-P[] EXT5D$ ONLY TO :ORES & KNAVES40 ,! AGR>IAN ECONOMY ( ,EUROPEAN FEUDAL ISM WAS NOT ABLE TO SUPPORT A SOCIALI/ COMMONWEAL?4 ,!RE WAS NO LONG] 5\< WILD FRUIT TO GO >\ND & FE$ ! 5TIRE POPULATION3 FOOD HAD TO BE CULTIVAT$4 ,& EV5 !N ! SURPLUS WAS SO SMALL ?AT IT C\LD SUPPORT ONLY A SMALL NUMB] ( M5 NOT B\ND TO ! SOIL4 ,9 ORD] TO SUPPORT ALL MANK9D ON A HI< LEVEL ( MAT]IAL WELLBE+ & SPIRITUAL %>+1 ! ECONOMY HAD FIR/ TO BE TRANS=M$4 ,BUT ! ,DON WAS 9CAPABLE ( P]CEIV+ :AT HAD TO BE DONE1 & ,GONZAGO HAD TOO N>R[ AN AUDI5CE4 

,YE>S BE=E ! BIR? ( ,%AKESPE>E OR ,C]VANTES1 ,?OMAS ,MORE HAD ANALYZ$1 9 MU* CLE>] T]MS1 ! CAUSE ( FEUDAL 0FRAUD1 DECEIT 444 MALICE40 ,?OMAS ,MORE WAS CONV]T$ 9TO A SA9T 9 #aice BY ! ,CA?OLIC ,POPE4 ,H[EV]1 9 HIS [N TIME F\R C5TURIES E>LI]1 9 #ae #c #e1 ,MORE WAS EXECUT$ & HIS HEAD WAS DISPLAY$ ON ,LONDON ,BRIDGE4 ,= ,?OMAS ,MORE1 AU?OR ( ,UTOPIA1 HAD PO9T$ AN ACCUS+ F+] AT ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT SUPPORT$ PRIVILEGE = ! FEW & DISP5S$ MIS]Y TO ! MANY3 0444:]E EV]Y MAN UND] C]TA9 TITLES & PRET5SES DRAWE? & PLUCKE? TO HIMSELF AS MU* AS HE CAN1 & SO A FEW DIVIDE AMONG !MSELVES ALL ! RI*ES ?AT !RE IS1 BE !RE NEV] SO MU* ABUNDANCE & /ORE1 !RE TO ! RESIDUE IS LEFT LACK & POV]TY40.<#g.> ,! FEW :O HAVE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[] CLAIM1 9 ADDITION1 TO POSSESS A 0NOBILITY0 :I* 0COMMON0 M5 LACK4 ,!Y CONSID] !MSELVES MORE 9TELLIG5T1 9DU/RI\S1 & VIRTU\S ?AN O!R M54 ,ACCORD+ TO ,MORE1 H[EV]1 ! VIRTUE & 9DU/RY RESIDE RA!R 9 ! POOR :O >E DESPIS$ & DEPRIV$ ( ! FRUITS ( !IR LABOR3 0444IT *ANCE? ?AT ?IS LATT] SORT IS MORE WOR?Y TO 5JOY ?AT /ATE ( WEAL? ?AN ! O!R BE1 BECAUSE ! RI* M5 BE COVET\S1 CRAFTY1 & UNPR(ITABLE4 ,ON ! O!R P>T1 ! POOR BE L[LY1 SIMPLE1 & BY !IR DAILY LABOR MORE PR(ITABLE TO ! COMMONWEAL? ?AN TO !MSELVES40 ,& YET ! NOBLEM51 0NOT CONT5T+ !MSELVES ) ! YE>LY REV5UES & PR(ITS ?AT W]E WONT TO GR[ TO !IR =EFA!RS & PR$ECESSORS ( !IR L&S1 NOR BE+ CONT5T ?AT !Y LIVE 9 RE/ & PLEASURE1 NO?+ PR(IT+1 YEA1 MU* NOY+ ! WEAL PUBLIC1 LEAVE NO GR\ND = TILLAGE3 !Y 5CLOSE ALL 9 PA/URES4440 ,& YET ! LAWS ( ! L& DO NOT CONDEMN ! CRIM9AL4 ,9/EAD1 IT IS ! VICTIM :O IS CONVICT$ AS A CRIM9AL1 & S9CE IT IS HIS P]SECUTOR :O HOLDS ! WEAL?1 ! P[]1 AS WELL AS ! LAIR1 ! VICTIM MU/ EI!R SUBMIT OR DIE4 0,!RE=E1 ?AT ONE COVET\S & UNSATIABLE CORMORANT & V]Y PLAGUE ( HIS NATIVE C\NTRY MAY COMPASS AB\T & 5CLOSE MANY ?\S& ACRES ( GR\ND TOGE!R )9 ONE PALE OR H$GE1 ! HUSB&M5 BE ?RU/ \T ( !IR [N1 OR ELSE O!R BY COV9 OR FRAUD1 OR BY VIOL5T OPPRESSION1 !Y BE PUT BESIDES IT1 OR BY WRONGS & 9JURIES !Y BE SO WORRI$ ?AT !Y BE COMPELL$ TO SELL ALL3 BY ONE MEANS1 !RE=E1 OR BY O!R1 O!R BY HOOK OR CROOK1 !Y MU/ NE$S DEP>T AWAY1 POOR1 SILLY1 WRET*$ S\LS1 M51 WOM51 HUSB&S1 WIVES1 FADI]LESS *ILDR51 WID[S1 WOEFUL MO!RS ) !IR Y\NG BABES1 & !IR :OLE H\SEHOLD SMALL 9 SUB/ANCE1 & MU* 9 NUMB]1 AS HUSB&RY REQUIRE? MANY H&S4 ,AWAY !Y TRUDGE1 ,I SAY1 \T ( !IR KN[N & ACCU/OM$ H\SES1 F9D+ NO PLACE TO RE/ 94 ,ALL !IR H\SEHOLD /UFF1 :I* IS V]Y LITTLE WOR?1 ?\< IT MI<T WELL ABIDE ! SALE3 YET1 BE+ SUDD5LY ?RU/ \T1 !Y BE CON/RA9$ TO SELL IT = A ?+ ( NAU<T4 ,& :5 !Y HAVE1 W&]+ AB\T1 SOON SP5T ?AT1 :AT CAN !Y ELSE DO BUT /EAL1 & !N JU/LY1 ,GOD WOT1 BE HANG$1 OR ELSE GO AB\T A-BEGG+4 ,& YET !N ALSO !Y BE CA/ 9 PRISON AS VAGABONDS1 BECAUSE !Y GO AB\T & WORK NOT2 :OM NO MAN WILL SET A-WORK1 ?\< !Y NEV] SO WILL+LY (F] !MSELVES !RETO40 

,ACCORD+ TO ,?OMAS ,MORE'S CONTEMPOR>Y1 ,NICCOLO ,MA*IAVELLI1 0! DESIRE TO ACQUIRE POSSESSIONS IS A V]Y NATURAL & ORD9>Y ?+1 & :5 ?OSE M5 DO IT :O CAN DO SO SUCCESSFULLY1 !Y >E ALWAYS PRAIS$ & NOT BLAM$4440.<#h.> ,9 ! FEUDAL SOCIETY1 =TUNE 7OR FATE7 IS ! DISP5S] ( REW>D & MIS]Y4 ,BY LE>N+ TO CONTROL & MANIPULATE =TUNE1 AN >I/OCRACY CAN D]IVE PRIVILEGE & PU% 9TO POV]TY ?OSE :OSE ATT5TION IS TURN$ TO O!R ?+S4 0444.<,F,JORTUNE IS ! RUL] ( HALF \R ACTIONS1 BUT444 %E ALL[S ! O!R HALF OR !REAB\TS TO BE GOV]N$ BY US4 ,I W\LD COMP>E H] TO AN IMPETU\S RIV] ?AT1 :5 TURBUL5T1 9UNDATES ! PLA9S1 CA/S D[N TREES & BUILD+S1 REMOVES E>? FROM ?IS SIDE & PLACES IT ON ! O!R2 EV]Y ONE FLEES BE=E IT1 & EV]Y?+ YIELDS TO ITS FURY )\T BE+ ABLE TO OPPOSE IT2 & YET ?\< IT IS ( SU* A K9D1 /ILL :5 IT IS QUIET1 M5 CAN MAKE PROVISION AGA9/ IT BY DYKES & BANKS1 SO ?AT :5 IT RISES IT WILL EI!R GO 9TO A CANAL OR ITS RU% WILL NOT BE SO WILD & DANG]\S4 ,SO IT IS ) =TUNE1 :I* %[S H] P[] :]E NO MEASURES HAVE BE5 TAK5 TO RESI/ H]1 & DIRECTS H] FURY :]E %E KN[S ?AT NO DYKES OR B>RI]S HAVE BE5 MADE TO HOLD H]40 ,! 0DYKES & BANKS0 BY :I* AN AMBITI\S >I/OCRAT 9 ! FEUDAL SOCIETY 0CAN MAKE PROVISION AGA9/0 =TUNE >E 5UM]AT$ BY ,MA*IAVELLI = ! >I/OCRAT'S GUIDANCE4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 0! ,PR9CE0 MU/ BE AW>E ( GOOD MEANS1 BUT MU/ BE PREP>$ TO USE BAD MEANS IF IT IS 9 HIS 9T]E/ TO DO SO1 0= H[ WE LIVE IS SO F> REMOV$ FROM H[ WE \<T TO LIVE1 ?AT HE :O AB&ONS :AT IS DONE = :AT \<T TO BE DONE1 WILL RA!R LE>N TO BR+ AB\T HIS [N RU9 ?AN HIS [N PRES]VATION4 ,A MAN :O WI%ES TO MAKE A PR(ESSION ( GOODNESS 9 EV]Y?+ MU/ NECESS>ILY COME TO GRIEF AMONG SO MANY :O >E NOT GOOD40 ,SECONDLY1 HE MU/ 9SPIRE FE> 9 O!R M51 = AS ,MA*IAVELLI SAID1 0ONE \<T TO BE BO? FE>$ & LOV$1 BUT AS IT IS DIFFICULT = ! TWO TO GO TOGE!R1 IT IS MU* SAF] TO BE FE>$ ?AN LOV$1 IF ONE ( ! TWO HAS TO BE WANT+40 ,?IRDLY1 ! 0,PR9CE0 MU/ BE ADEPT 9 ! USE ( VIOL5CE--BO? K9DS ( VIOL5CE1 ! K9D KN[N AS LAW AS WELL AS ! K9D KN[N AS BRUTE =CE4 0,Y\ MU/ KN[1 !N1 ?AT !RE >E TWO ME?ODS ( FI<T+1 ! ONE BY LAW1 ! O!R BY =CE3 ! FIR/ ME?OD IS ?AT ( M51 ! SECOND ( BEA/S2 BUT AS ! FIR/ ME?OD IS (T5 9SUFFICI5T1 ONE MU/ HAVE REC\RSE TO ! SECOND40 ,HE MU/ KN[ :5 TO BREAK FAI?1 = 0A PRUD5T RUL] \<T NOT TO KEEP FAI? :5 BY DO+ IT W\LD BE AGA9/ HIS 9T]E/1 & :5 ! REASONS :I* MADE HIM B9D HIMSELF NO LONG] EXI/40 ,HYPOCRISY IS ANO!R 9DISP5SABLE 0DYKE0 BY :I* WEAL?1 P[] & PRIVILEGE >E CONSOLIDAT$ & MA9TA9$1 & =TUNE'S FURY IS KEPT \T2 0IT IS WELL TO SEEM M]CIFUL1 FAI?FUL1 HUMANE1 S9C]E1 RELIGI\S1 & ALSO TO BE SO2 BUT Y\ MU/ HAVE ! M9D SO DISPOS$ ?AT :5 IT IS NE$FUL TO BE O!RWISE Y\ MAY BE ABLE TO *ANGE TO ! OPPOSITE QUALITIES4 ,& IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD ?AT A PR9CE1 & ESPECIALLY A NEW PR9CE1 CANNOT OBS]VE ALL ?OSE ?+S :I* >E CONSID]$ GOOD 9 M51 BE+ (T5 OBLIG$1 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! /ATE1 TO ACT AGA9/ FAI?1 AGA9/ *>ITY1 AGA9/ HUMANITY1 & AGA9/ RELIGION4 ,&1 !RE=E1 HE MU/ HAVE A M9D DISPOS$ TO ADAPT ITSELF ACCORD+ TO ! W'9D1 & AS ! V>IATIONS ( =TUNE DICTATE1 & 444 NOT DEVIATE FROM :AT IS GOOD1 IF POSSIBLE1 BUT BE ABLE TO DO EVIL IF CON/RA9$40 ,& ABOVE ALL1 ! SUCCESSFUL 0,PR9CE0 MU/ BE AN OPPORTUNI/1 =1 AS ,MA*IAVELLI PO9T$ \T1 0444=TUNE V>Y+ & M5 REMA9+ FIX$ 9 !IR WAYS1 !Y >E SUCCESSFUL SO LONG AS !SE WAYS CON=M TO CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT :5 !Y >E OPPOS$ !N !Y >E UNSUCCESSFUL40 ,9 %ORT1 ! VIRTUES ( A SUCCESSFUL MAN ( WEAL?1 P[] & PRIVILEGE >E :AT ,DON ,QUIXOTE LAT] CALL$ FRAUD1 DECEIT1 & MALICE4 

,MA*IAVELLI WAS CONC]N$ EXCLUSIVELY ) ! 0DYKES & BANKS0 :I*1 9 ! FEUDAL ]A1 W]E DESIGN$ TO PROTECT & B5EFIT AN >I/OCRACY ( H]$IT>Y P>ASITES4 ,?OMAS ,MORE1 H[EV]1 WAS CONC]N$ ) ! DYKES ?AT W\LD BR+ COM=T1 $UCATION & POLITICAL P>TICIPATION TO ALL MANK9D4 ,! GREATE/ SC\RGE ( HUMANITY IS PRIVILEGE1 & AT ! ROOT ( PRIVILEGE IS PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,:]EV] ! LAWS PROTECT ! ACCUMULATION ( PRIVATE WEAL?1 !RE WILL BE PUBLIC MIS]Y4 0,:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JUSDY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40.<#i.> ,NOT ONLY WILL !RE BE NO JU/ICE 9 A REALM :]E POSSESSIONS >E PRIVATE2 !RE CANNOT BE JU/ICE 9 SU* A REALM4 0,UNLESS Y\ ?9K ?US3 ?AT JU/ICE IS !RE EXECUT$ :]E ALL ?+S COME 9TO ! H&S ( EVIL M51 OR ?AT PROSP]ITY !RE FL\RI%E? :]E ALL IS DIVID$ AMONG A FEW2 :I* FEW1 NEV]!LESS1 DO NOT LEAD !IR LIVES V]Y WEAL?ILY1 & ! RESIDUE LIVE MIS]ABLY1 WRET*$LY1 & BEGG>LY40 ,! ONLY POSSIBLE WAY TO BR+ JU/ICE AMONG M51 TO FREE !M FROM POV]TY & SLAV]Y1 TO 5ABLE EA* TO DEVELOP HIS F9E/ CAPABILITIES1 IS TO ABOLI% ! 9/ITUTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 0,?US ,I DO FULLY P]SUADE MYSELF ?AT NO EQUAL & JU/ DI/RIBUTION ( ?+S CAN BE MADE1 NOR ?AT P]FECT WEAL? %ALL EV] BE AMONG M51 UNLESS ?IS PROPRIETY BE EXIL$ & BANI%$40 ,) ,?OMAS ,MI9Z]'S 0C\RAGE & /R5G? TO REALIZE ! IMPOSSIBLE10 SU* A PROGRAM C\LD HAVE BE5 C>RI$ \T 9 ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & =TUNE NE$ NOT HAVE BE5 ALL[$ TO PROTECT ! FEW & DR[N ! MANY4 

,A C5TURY AFT] ,MORE'S EXECUTION1 ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY L$ ! ,DIGG]S TO DEM& ! ABOLITION ( ! DYKES ?AT TRA9 =TUNE'S FLOODS ON ! POOR--HE DEM&$ NEW DYKES :I* W\LD CONTROL ! FLOODS ( =TUNE = ! B5EFIT ( ALL4 0,O Y\ ,ADAMS ( ! E>?10 SAID ,W9/ANLEY TO ! RI*1 0Y\ HAVE RI* CLO?+1 FULL BELLIES4444 ,BUT KN[ 444 ?AT ! DAY ( JUDGM5T IS BEGUN4444 ,! POOR PEOPLE :OM ?\ OPPRESS %ALL BE ! SAVIORS ( ! L&4444 ,IF ?\ WILT F9D M]CY 444 DIS[N ?IS OPPRESS+ 444 ?IEV]Y ( BUY+ & SELL+ ( L&1 [+ ( L&LORDS1 & PAY+ ( R5TS1 & GIVE Y\R FREE CONS5T TO MAKE ! E>? A COMMON TREASURY40.<#a.> ,W9/ANLEY FELT IT WAS A CRIME = SOME M5 TO BE LORDS & MA/]S ON L& :I* IS ! 0COMMON TREASURY0 ( ALL MANK9D4 

0,NONE \<T TO BE LORDS OR L&LORDS OV] ANO!R1 BUT ! E>? IS FREE = EV]Y SON & DAU<T] ( MANK9D TO LIVE FREE UPON40.<#a#a.> 

,MU* LAT]1 :5 ! IDEALS ( ,MORE1 ( ,W9/ANLEY1 & ( ! ,FR5* ,5LI<T5M5T1 IDEALS ( ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 ,FRAT]NITY1 W]E BETRAY$ BY EV]Y TURN ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ,GRAC*US ,BABEUF WAS P>AD$ 9 A CAGE = CONT9U+ TO DEF5D !M4 ,HE WAS CONDEMN$ AS A TRAITOR & CONSPIRATOR = CONT9U+ TO 9SI/ ?AT 0,IF Y\ FOLL[ ! *A9 ( \R VICES1 Y\ WILL F9D ?AT ! FIR/ L9K IS FA/5$ TO ! 9EQUALITY ( WEAL?40.<#a#b.> ,BABEUF PO9T$ \T TO HIS MURD]]S ?AT NO MORE HAD BE5 SAID BY ! POPUL> & HUMANE ,FR5* PHILOSOPH]S ,R\SSEAU1 ,MABLY1 0,& ,DID]OT1 :O SAID ?AT FROM ! SCEPT] TO ! CROSI]1 HUMANITY WAS RUL$ BY P]SONAL 9T]E/1 & ?AT P]SONAL 9T]E/ >OSE FROM PROP]TY1 & ?AT IT WAS IDLE = PHILOSOPH]S TO >GUE AB\T ! BE/ POSSIBLE =M ( GOV]NM5T SO LONG AS ! AX HAD NOT BE5 LAID TO ! ROOTS ( PROP]TY ITSELF--,DID]OT1 :O ASK$ :E!R ! 9/ABILITY1 ! P]IODIC VICISSITUDES ( EMPIRES1 W\LD BE POSSIBLE IF ALL GOODS W]E HELD 9 COMMON1 & :O ASS]T$ ?AT EV]Y CITIZ5 %\LD TAKE FROM ! COMMUNITY :AT HE NE$$ & GIVE TO ! COMMUNITY :AT HE C\LD & ?AT ANYONE :O %\LD TRY TO RE/ORE ! DETE/ABLE PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY %\LD BE LOCK$ UP AS AN 5EMY ( HUMANITY & A DANG]\S LUNATIC60.<#a#c.> ,=1 ACCORD+ TO ,BABEUF1 PROP]TY IS A CRIME2 0IT IS A CRIME TO TAKE = ONESELF AT ! EXP5SE ( O!R PEOPLE ! PRODUCTS ( 9DU/RY OR ! E>?4 ,9 A SOCIETY :I* WAS REALLY S\ND1 !RE W\LD BE NEI!R POOR NOR RI*4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO SU* SY/EM ( PROP]TY AS \RS4 ,\R LAWS ( H]$ITY & 9ALI5ABILITY >E 'HUMANICIDE' 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! MONOPOLY ( ! L& BY 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR POSSESSION ( ITS PRODUCE 9 EXCESS ( !IR WANTS1 IS NO?+ MORE NOR LESS ?AN !FT2 & ALL \R CIVIL 9/ITUTIONS1 \R ORD9>Y BUS9ESS TRANSACTIONS1 >E ! DE$S ( A P]PETUAL BRIG&AGE1 AU?ORIZ$ BY B>B>\S LAWS40.<#a#d.> 

,FROM ! LATE MIDDLE AGES ON1 MANY M5 KNEW ?AT MIS]Y & OPPRESSION LAY 9 PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY4 ,& YET1 :5 A NEW TE*NOLOGY WAS CREAT$ BY M5 TO CONTRIBUTE TO !IR 0COMMON TREASURY10 IT WAS US$ NOT ONLY TO MA9TA91 BUT TO /R5G!N ! PROP]TY1 P[] & PRIVILEGE ( ! FEW4 ,UTOPIA REMA9$ AN UNTRI$ DREAM4 ,DON ,QUIXOTE ADDRESS$ HIMSELF TO A PRE-AGRICULTURAL PA/1 TO A TIME :5 0! CROOK$ PL[ HAD NOT YET D>$ TO =CE OP5 & SE>* ! K9DLY B[ELS ( \R FIR/ MO!R ) ITS HEAVY COLT]2 = )\T COMPULSION %E YIELD$ FROM EV]Y P>T ( H] F]TILE & BROAD BOSOM EV]Y?+ TO SATISFY1 SU/A91 & DELI<T ! *ILDR5 :O !N POSSESS$ H]10 A TIME :5 0,NO MAN1 TO GA9 HIS COMMON SU/5ANCE1 NE$$ TO MAKE ANY GREAT] EF=T ?AN TO REA* UP HIS H& & PLUCK IT FROM ! /RONG OAKS1 :I* LIT]ALLY 9VIT$ HIM TO TA/E !IR SWEET & SAVORY FRUIT40 ,SU* AN ECONOMY1 UN=TUNATELY1 HAD SUPPORT$ A SMALL NUMB] ( M5--& ?AT1 NOT V]Y EFFECTIVELY1 AS !Y HAD NO CONTROL :ATEV] OV] !IR DE/9Y & W]E LIT]ALLY AT ! M]CY ( !IR 0FIR/ MO!R40 ,& ,GONZAGO1 WELL-9T5TION$ ?\< HE WAS1 C\LD (F] HIS CONTEMPOR>IES NO?+ BUT A SIMIL> V]SION ( A SIMIL> AGE4 

444 NE$ ( ANY 5G9E 

,W\LD ,I NOT HAVE2 BUT NATURE %\LD BR+ =?1 

,( IT [N K9D 444 

,BUT ,?OMAS ,MORE DID NOT SPEAK ( A PA/ AGE4 ,RA!R HE LOCAT$ HIS IDEAL SOCIETY 9 ,UTOPIA--A PLACE :OSE NAME MEANS ,NO:]E4 ,MORE DID NOT1 !REBY1 9T5D HIS ,UTOPIA TO BE A M]E LIT]>Y 9/RUM5T ) :I* TO SATIRIZE ,5GL&1 AS HIS 9T]PRET]S W\LD HAVE M5 BELIEVE4 ,MORE WELL KNEW ?AT ALL HUMAN HI/ORY CONSI/$ ( ! BUILD+ ( ECONOMIES ?AT HAD NEV] EXI/$ BE=E1 ! CREATION ( IDEAS ?AT HAD NEV] BE5 ?\<T1 ! =MATION ( HABITS ?AT HAD NOT SEEM$ POSSIBLE4 ,HE KNEW ?AT HUMAN HI/ORY WAS A SUCCESSION ( ,NO:]ES :I* M5 TRI$ TO REALIZE SOME:]E4 ,HIS ,*UR* ALSO KNEW--& FE>$--! CAPACITY ( MAN TO GO BEYOND HIS CONDITION4 ,SO DID HIS K+1 ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I1 :O DID NOT WANT HIS [N CONV5I5T 9NOVATIONS TO BE TAK5 AS MODELS BY ! ,5GLI% POPULATION4 ,BO? ,K+ & ,*UR* HAD PRIVILEGES AT /AKE1 & ?US H]D$ 9TO MONA/]IES OR BURN$ AS H]ETICS ?OSE :O1 BY GIV+ M5 A GLIMPSE ( ,UTOPIA1 UND]M9$ M5'S FAI? 9 ! FEUDAL HI]>*Y ( PRIE/1 PROP]TY1 PRIVILEGE & P[]4 

,! AGR>IAN ECONOMY WAS LIMIT$ 9 ! AM\NT ( FOOD IT C\LD PRODUCE4 ,9 ORD] ?AT ALL M5 GA9 COM=T1 KN[L$GE1 & ?AT ALL M5 P>TICIPATE 9 ! CREATION ( CULTURAL VALUES1 ! PRIVILEGES ( PRIE/S & >I/OCRATS W\LD HAVE TO BE DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! POOR4 ,W9/ANLEY URG$ ?AT1 IF JU/ICE BE MADE AVAILABLE TO ALL M51 EV]YONE MU/ DO PRODUCTIVE WORK4 ,! JU/ SOCIETY CANNOT P]MIT ITSELF ! LUXURY ( SOLDI]S1 >I/OCRATS OR PRIE/S4 ,SOLDI]S DO NO?+ BUT DE/ROY :AT O!R M5 BUILD4 ,>I/OCRATS WA/E O!R M5'S LABOR ON USELESS ORNAM5TS1 ELABORATE CLO?+1 & GIGANTIC CA/LES1 ALL ( :I* S]VE NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN TO DEMON/RATE !IR WEAL?4 ,& PRIE/S1 ACCORD+ TO ,W9/ANLEY1 0MAKE S]MONS TO PLEASE ! SICKLY M9DS ( IGNORANT PEOPLES1 TO PRES]VE !IR [N RI*ES & E/EEM AMONG A *>M$1 BEFOOL$1 & BESOTT$ PEOPLE40.<#a#e.> ,W9/ANLEY URG$ ?AT PRIE/S BECOME S*OOLMA/]S1 ?AT !Y TEA* M5 ( ! WORLD 9 :I* !Y LIVE1 ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 ( ! LAWS & DIV]SITY ( NATURE4 ,9 ! TRUE COMMONWEAL?1 !RE W\LD BE NO W>RIORS1 S9CE !RE W\LD NOT BE ANY DESIRE TO ACCUMULATE PRIVATE WEAL? IF ! WORLD IS A 0COMMON TREASURY40 ,!RE W\LD BE NO ORNAM5T$ >I/OCRACY1 AS !RE W\LD BE NO PRIVILEGE & ?US NO NE$ TO DISPLAY IT4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO PRIE/S1 AS !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO MAKE M5 SUBMIT TO ! 9HUMAN MIS]Y REQUIR$ TO MA9TA9 ! WEAL? & P[] ( ! FEW4 

,BUT ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY DID NOT KN[ ?AT ! PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES ( HUMAN BE+S W]E 9 ! PROCESS ( TRANS=MATION2 HE KNEW NO MORE ( 5G9ES ?AN WAS KN[N BY ,DON ,QUIXOTE OR ,GONZAGO4 ,NOR DID ,BABEUF DREAM ( ! POSSIBILITIES ( ! 9V5TIONS SPREAD+ 9 HIS TIME4 ,BABEUF ALSO URG$ ?AT ALL M5 DO PRODUCTIVE LABOR1 & HE COP$ ) ! PROBLEM ( REPETITIVE & UNPLEASANT TASKS BY RELEGAT+ !M TO EV]YBODY--UNPLEASANT TASKS W]E TO BE DONE BY EV]YONE TAK+ HIS TURN4 ,NEI!R ,W9/ANLEY NOR ,BABEUF C\LD =ESEE ! POSSIBILITY ( US+ MA*9ES TO DO REPETITIVE TASKS1 ?US FREE+ ALL M5 = 9TELLECTUAL & IMAG9ATIVE PURSUITS4 ,BO? CONF9$ !IR COMMUNAL DEMOCRATIC IDEAL TO ! CONDITIONS ( ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY4 

,! AGR>IAN =M ( SOCIETY HAS BE5 PRAIS$ 9 MANY CURR5T ,WE/]N WRIT+S BECAUSE ( ITS 0UNITY0 & 0SIMPLICITY0 & 09TEGRITY10 & PRIM>ILY BECAUSE ( ITS LACK ( ! EVILS COMMONLY ASSOCIAT$ ) TE*NOLOGY4 ,9 ?IS PRAISE1 EV5 ADULATION1 IT IS (T5 =GOTT5 ?AT ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY IS NOT ABLE TO SUPPORT A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O >E 5GAG$ 9 O!R PURSUITS ?AN FOOD-GR[+4 ,SU* A SOCIETY W\LD BE UNABLE TO SUPPORT ALL ! AN?ROPOLOGI/S & PHILOSOPH]S :O S+ ITS PRAISES 9 A TE*NOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 

,! COM=TABLE PHILOSOPH] :O EXHORTS M5 NOT TO /IR ! HAPPV FANN]S FROM !IR FOOD-GR[+ JOY IS MAK+ A *OICE = ! F>M]S :I* HE HAS NOT MADE = HIMSELF4 ,AGRICULTURE IS A HI<LY VALU$ OCCUPATION1 @5 BUT CLE>LY NOT ALL HUMAN BE+S >E 9CL9$ TO IT1 & 9 AN AGR>IAN ECONOMY !Y >E R>ELY GIV5 A *OICE4 ,?IS LACK ( *OICE CON/ITUTES ! 0SIMPLICITY0 ( AN AGR>IAN ECONOMY2 ITS 0UNITY0 COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT MO/ M5 DO MU* ! SAME ?+ ?R\<\T !IR LIVES--A BETT] NAME = SU* 0UNITY0 IS UNI=MITY4 

,TO 5ABLE M5 TO FOLL[ O!R PURSUITS ?AN AGRICULTURE1 ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY MU/ EI!R HAVE A V]Y L>GE SURPLUS1 OR IT MU/ TRANS=M ITSELF 9TO A MA*9E-BAS$ ECONOMY4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 ! MA*9E IS AN EXT5SION ( ! HUMAN H&3 IT IS A TOOL :I* 5HANCES ! SCOPE & P[] ( ! H&3 IT 5ABLES ONE MAN TO DO ! WORK ( FIVE1 OR A HUNDR$1 M54 ,?US1 IF A MA*9E ON A F>M CAN DO ! WORK ( FIVE M51 !N ?OSE M5 >E FREE TO FOLL[ O!R PURSUITS4 ,IF ! O!R PURSUITS AVAILABLE 9 A SOCIETY >E LESS ATTRACTIVE & MORE REPETITIVE ?AN F>M+1 ?IS IS CLE>LY NOT ! MA*9E'S FAULT4 ,A TOOL IS NOT RESPONSIBLE = ! WAY M5 USE IT4 ,PEACEFUL M5 WILL USE A KNIFE TO C>VE & SCULPT1 NOT TO KILL4 ,CREATIVE M5 WILL USE A MA*9E TO DO ! REPETITIVE LABOR :ILE M5 DEVOTE !MSELVES TO ORIG9AL TASKS1 NOT TO 9CREASE ! AM\NT ( REPETITIVE LABOR TO :I* M5 >E B\ND AS SLAVES4 ,SU*1 AT LEA/1 W\LD HAVE BE5 ! POSSIBILITIES IF M5 HAD US$ ! NEW 9/RUM5TS TO ABOLI%1 NOT 9CREASE1 HUMAN MIS]Y--IF M5 HAD TRULY BE5 AS !Y APPE>$ TO ,MIR&A :5 %E EXCLAIM$ 

,O1 WOND]6 

,H[ MANY GOODLY CREATURES >E !RE H]E6 

,H[ BEAUTE\S MANK9D IS6 ,O BRAVE NEW WORLD1 

,?AT HAS SU* PEOPLE 9'T6 

,BUT ,%AKESPE>E WAS NOT AS HOPEFUL AS ,MIR&A4 ,HE KNEW ?AT O!R =CES ?AN ,GONZAGO'S DREAMS OR ,PROSP]O'S KN[L$GE W\LD %APE ! WORLD TO COME4 ,HE KNEW ?AT AMONG ! 0MANY GOODLY CREATURES0 !RE WAS ALSO ,CALIBAN1 ! HALF-BEA/1 ! MAN ) 0A M9D BEMIR$ 9 FACT1 AN IMAG9ATION BESLIM$ ) P>TICUL>S40.<#a#f.> ,CALIBAN1 ! P]SONIFICATION ( LU/ & GRE$1 KNEW ONLY HATR$ & DE/RUCTION4 ,?IS 9HUMAN UND]CURR5T1 EV]-PRES5T 9 ,WE/]N HI/ORY1 WAS NOT TO BECOME DOM9ANT UNTIL ! MIDDLE ( ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY1 :5 FASCISM & MILIT>ISM TOOK ,CALIBAN AS ! MODEL = A 0SUP]-RACE40 

,& !RE IS ,MALVOLIO ! ,PURITAN1 E>LIE/ REPRES5TATIVE ( ! BRAVE NEW WORLD4 ,HUMORLESS ,MALVOLIO4 ,HIS V]Y PRES5CE NEGATES ! LAU<T] & DEBAU*]Y ( ! DY+ >I/OCRACY4 ,SIR ,TOBY ,BEL*1 ! P>ASITIC OLD ,LORD :O EMBODIES BO? ! 5JOYM5T & ! USELESSNESS ( ! DECAY+ FEUDAL REGIME1 *ALL5G$ ! ,EFFICI5T ,MALVOLIO'S 9TRUSION4 

,>T ANY MORE ?AN A /EW>D8 

,DO/ ?\ ?9K1 BECAUSE ?\ >T VIRTU\S1 !RE %ALL 

BE NO MORE CAKES & ALE8 .<#a#g.> 

,TEMPOR>ILY NO MORE ?AN A /EW>D1 ,MALVOLIO WAS SOON TO GRADUATE2 HE WAS RISE TO ! WORLD ( ,BUS9ESS & ,9DU/RY'4 ,& !N !RE W]E NO MORE CAKES & ALE--NOT = A LONG TIME TO COME4 ,5GLI% !AT]S CLOS$ D[N--& :5 !Y OP5$1 !RE W]E ,MALVOLIOS EV]Y:]E ON ! /AGE4 ,5GLI%M5 RETA9$ ! 9/ITUTION ( ,MON>*Y1 = OLD TIME'S SAKE1 BUT :5 !Y BEHEAD$ !IR LA/ MON>* !Y PUT A SUCCESSION ( ,MALVIOLIOS ON ! ?RONE4 ,! ,FEUDAL WORLD ( FRAUD1 DECEIT & MALICE DID 9 FACT COLLAPSE1 BUT IT WAS NOT REPLAC$ BY A ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( MUSIC & H>MONY4 ,! ,MALVOLIOS BR\<T ONLY DRABNESS1 CALCULATION1 & ! NAK$ SE>* = WEAL? & P[]4 ,! WRIT- +S ( ,C]VANTES W]E C>EFULLY *ANNEL$ TO *ILDR5 & P$ANTS4 ,%AKESPE>E WAS LEFT TO GA!R DU/ = ALMO/ A C5TURY1 & :5 AT LA/ HE WAS UNE>!D1 ! TRAG$IES W]E %[N ) HAPPY 5D+S & ! DREAMS W]E PRES5T$ AS COM$IES4 

,! TRANSITION FROM ! AGR>IAN TO ! TE*NOLOGICAL ECONOMY WAS TO PASS ?R\< ! HUMORLESS ,MALVOLIO4 ,& IT LIT]ALLY PASS$ ?R\<1 = ?\< HE WAS ! C>RI] ( ! *ANGE HE NEI!R UND]/OOD IT1 NOR EXP]I5C$ IT1 NOR 5JOY$ IT4 ,UNLIKE ,DON ,QUIXOTE1 ,MALVOLIO DIDN'T HAVE A YE>N+ = ,JU/ICE2 UNLIKE ,GONZAGO1 HE DIDN'T DREAM2 UNLIKE ,PROSP]O1 HE HAD NO PASSION = KN[L$GE4 ,HE HAD LITTLE USE = REASON EXCEPT AS CALCULATION1 & HIS IDEALS EXT5D$ ONLY AS F> AS HIS AV>ICE4 ,UND] ! TUTELAGE ( CAPITALI/S1 ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION WAS BORN )\T LOVE1 =M$ )\T UND]/&+1 BUILT )\T PASSION4 

,! SMALL AM\NT ( SURPLUS PRODUC$ BY ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY HAD GONE TO SUPPORT A M9ORITY ( ELABORATE W>RIORS & *UR*M54 ,! MAJORITY ( M5 GOT LITTLE MORE ?AN MIS]Y FROM ?OSE !Y SUPPORT$4 ,IMAG9ATIVE CREATION IS H>D PUT 9 SU* CONDITIONS4 ,M5 :OSE TIME & LEISURE DEP5DS ON ! MIS]Y & 5SLAVEM5T ( O!RS F9D !IR [N IMAG9ATIONS %ACKL$4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY MADE IT POSSIBLE = MORE M5 TO LEAVE ! L&--TE*NOLOGY 9 TIME MADE IT POSSIBLE = ALL M5 TO BE FULLY $UCAT$ & TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! %>+ & CREATION ( HUMAN >T & KN[L$GE4 ,TE*NOLOGY *ANG$ ! HUMAN ECONOMY3 IT MADE MAN'S OLDE/ DREAM A POSSIBILITY4 ,! MA*9E TOOK C>E ( ! REPETITIVE TASKS & FRE$ M5 FROM BONDAGE TO ECONOMIC ACTIVITY4 ,BUT CAPITALISM LEFT ! FEUDAL /RUCTURE ( PRIVILEGE 9TACT4 ,! DOCTR9E ( PRIVATE PROP]TY DECRE$ ?AT ! NEW SURPLUS WAS NOT TO SUPPORT MANK9D1 BUT M]ELY A NEW M9ORITY4 ,! COLLAPSE ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE DID NOT U%] 9 A ,GOLD5 ,AGE :]E ALL ! :]E ALL ! E>?'S YIELD W\LD BE %>$ BY M5 9 COMMON1 :]E M5 W\LD WORK TOGE!R TO PUT ! F9E/ HUMAN IDEALS 9TO PRACTICE4 ,! DIS9TEGRATION ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE U%]$ 9 A NEW AGE ( PRIVILEGE1 AN ,AGE ( ,GOLD :]E 0GOLD0 WAS NOT A METAPHOR BUT A ?+4 ,! PROPELL+ MOTIVE ( ! NEW AGE WAS GRE$4 ,! GOLD FILL$ ! C(F]S ( ! FEW & 9CREAS$ ! MIS]Y ( ! MANY4 ,WEAL?1 KN[L$GE & P[] OP5$ ! GATE ( ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE1 BUT 9 FRONT ( ! GATE WAS BUILT A GROTESQUE OB/RUCTION3 ,! ,M>KET4 ,REVOLUTIONS = LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 FRAT]NITY1 DID TAKE PLACE1 BO? 9 ,FRANCE & 9 ,AM]ICA--& M5 W]E CALL$ ON TO SUPPORT !M4 ,BUT ! REVOLUTIONS BETRAY$ !IR 9ITIATORS AS WELL AS !IR SUPPORT]S2 !Y W]E REVOLUTIONS ?AT SUPPRESS$ LIB]TY1 9CREAS$ PRIVILEGE1 SANCTION$ PROP]TY1 & BANI%$ FRAT]NITY4 ,9 ! CAFES ( ,P>IS M5 SANG A SONG WRITT5 BY A MEMB] ( ,BABEU,PS ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALS3 0,DY+ ( HUNG]1 DY+ ( COLD1 ! PEOPLE ROBB$ ( EV]Y RI<T444 NEWCOM]S GORG$ ) GOLD1 :O HAVE GIV5 NEI!R WORK NOR ?\<T1 >E LAY+ HOLD ON ! HIVE2 :ILE Y\1 ! TOIL+ PEOPLE1 EAT IRON LIKE AN O/RI*4444 ,A BRA9LESS D\BLE C\NCIL1 FIVE FRI<T5$ DIRECTORS2 ! SOLDI] PAMP]$ & PETT$1 ! DEMOCRAT CRU%$3 VOILA LA ,REPUBLIQUE60.<#a#h.> ,! 0BRAVE NEW WORLD0 BECAME A LUDICR\S C>ICATURE ( ,MIR&A'S EXPECTATIONS4 ,H] \TCRY ( WOND] & ADMIRATION WAS TAK5 UP AT A LAT] DATE 9 ,WE/]N HI/ORY ) BITT] IRONY4 

,M5 W]E 9DE$ FRE$ FROM BONDAGE TO ! SOIL4 ,BUT FROM ! L& !Y W]E PU%$ 9TO ! FACTORIES4 ,& !RE !Y W]E NOT ALL[$ TO CONSCI\SLY P>TICIPATE 9 ! EXCIT+ CREATION ( A NEW ECONOMY4 ,NOR W]E !Y GIV5 A %>E ( ! NEW WEAL? !Y PRODUC$4 ,! M5 BECAME A 0WORK =CE40 ,!Y W]E GIV5 ONLY SO MU* AS W\LD KEEP !M ALIVE--& ?AT MU* ONLY BECAUSE DEAD !Y W]E NO USE TO ! FACTORIES4 ,!Y W]E FRE$ FROM ! L&1 BUT NOT FROM ECONOMIC ACTIVITY4 ,M5 :O ONLY HAVE A B>E M9IMUM ( :AT KEEPS !M ALIVE WILL BE CON/ANTLY PREOCCUPI$ ) KEEP+ ALIVE4 ,!IR PREOCCUPATION ) ECONOMIC NE$S WAS ACTUALLY 9T5SIFI$ 9 ! FACTORY4 ,ON ! SOIL !Y HAD HAD 0BAD YE>S10 BUT !Y HAD ALSO HAD 0GOOD YE>S03 TIMES = READ+ & C]EMONY & 5JOYM5T4 ,9 ! FACTORIES !RE W]E ONLY BAD YE>S--& IF !Y LO/ !IR WORK !Y />V$4 ,M5 TO :OM MU* HAD BE5 PROMIS$ BECAME BEA/S ( BURD5 = NEW MA/]S4 

,! FEUDAL WORLD ( PRIVILEGE WAS REPLAC$ BY ! CAPITALI/ WORLD ( PRIVILEGE1 NOT BY ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE4 ,! >I/OCRACY ( RANK WAS REPLAC$ BY ! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL?4 ,9EQUALITY WAS 9CREAS$1 VIOL5CE WAS GLORIFI$1 & ! LIMITS ( MIS]Y W]E EXT5D$4 ,GRAC*US ,BABEUF1 :O HAD BE5 HUNT$ AS A H]ETIC UND] ! OLD >I/OCRACY1 WAS PUT TO DEA? AS A CONSPIRATOR UND] ! NEW4 ,BE=E GO+ TO ! GUILLOT9E1 ,BABEUF ACCUS$ HIS ACCUS]S3 0,DID]OT444 ASS]T$ ?AT444 ANYONE :O %\LD TRY TO RE/ORE ! DETE/ABLE PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY %\LD BE LOCK$ UP AS AN 5EMY ( HUMANITY & A DANG]\S LUNATIC6--,CITIZ5S1 'DANG]\S LUNATIC' IS PRECISELY :AT Y\ HAVE CALL$ ME = TRY+ TO 9TRODUCE EQUALITY60 

,! IDEAL ( ! NEW WORLD WAS NOT WELLBE+1 BUT ACCUMULATION4 ,?R\< A COMPLEX 9T]ACTION ( LEGALITY & VIOL5CE1 A FEW' M5 GA!R$ ALL ! NEW WEAL? 9TO !IR H&S4 ,L&1 EV5 :AT HAD =M]LY BE5 COMMON L&1 WAS *ANNEL$ 9TO ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( A FEW4 ,A FEW M5 BECAME [N]S ( ! FACTORIES1 ! MA*9ES1 ! RES\RCES1 ! FOOD1 ! KN[L$GE4 ,:ATEV] C\LD POSSIBLY BE ACCUMULAT$ WAS ACCUMULAT$4 ,! NEW WEAL? CAME FROM ! IMPOV]I%M5T ( PEOPLE ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,! NEW P[] WAS US$ NOT TO B5EFIT M51 BUT TO REPRESS !M4 ,! NEW KN[L$GE WAS PUT TO ! S]VICE ( P[]4 

,?OMAS ,MORE CAME TO BE WOR%IP$ AS A SA9T3 M5 TURN$ !IR ATT5TION AWAY FROM HIS IDEAL & TO HIS P]SON1 AWAY FROM HIS SPIRIT & TO HIS BODY2 & ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA WAS LEFT TO GA!R DU/4 ,BABEUF WAS GUILLOT9$4 ,HE WAS NOT P]MITT$ TO SEE HIS *ILDR5 BE=E HE DI$4 ,HE NEV]!LESS CALL$ \T TO !M4 0,I HAVE ONLY ONE BITT] REGRET TO EXPRESS TO Y\3 ?AT1 ?\< ,I HAVE WANT$ SO MU* TO LEAVE Y\ A H]ITAGE ( ?AT LIB]TY :I* IS ! S\RCE ( EV]Y GOOD1 ,I =ESEE = ! FIITURE ONLY SLAV]Y1 & ?AT ,I AM LEAV+ Y\ A PREY TO EV]Y ILL4 ,I HAVE NO?+ AT ALL TO GIVE Y\6 ,I W\LD NOT LEAVE Y\ EV5 MY CIVIC VIRTUES MY PR(\ND HATR$ ( TYRANNY1 MY >D5T DEVOTION TO ! CAUSE ( ,LIB]TY & ,EQUALITY1 MY PASSIONATE LOVE ( ! ,PEOPLE4 ,I %\LD MAKE Y\ TOO DISA/R\S A PRES5T4 ,:AT W\LD Y\ DO ) IT UND] ! MON>*IC OPPRESSION :I* IS 9FALLIBLY GO+ TO DESC5D ON Y\8 ,I AM LEAV+ Y\ SLAVES1 & IT IS ?IS ?\<T ALONE :I* WILL TORTURE MY S\L 9 ITS F9AL MOM5TS4 ,I %\LD EQUIP Y\1 9 ?IS SITUATION1 ) ADVICE AS TO H[ TO BE> Y\R *A9S MORE PATI5TLY1 BUT ,I DO NOT FEEL ?AT ,I AM CAPABLE ( IT40.<#a#i.> 

O ,*APT] #b 3 ,DEMOCRATIC ,EXP]IM5T 

,ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T1 ON FRE% GR\ND UNSOIL$ BY ! 0FRAUD1 DECEIT444 MALICE0 ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 9DEP5D5T F>M]S & LEFT W+ 9TELLECTUALS DREAM$ ( ATTEMPT+ A DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T4 ,!Y DREAM$ ( A GOV]NM5T 9 :I* EV]Y MAN1 :E!R F>M]1 >TISAN OR LAWY]1 W\LD HAVE A VOICE4 ,IT WAS TO BE A GOV]NM5T :]E =CE OR ! ?REAT ( =CE W\LD BE REPLAC$ BY RATIONAL DISCUSSION & DECISIONS BAS$ ON COMMON CONS5T4 ,! DECISIONS ( ! ,K+'S ,PRIVATE ,*AMB] W]E TO BE PLAC$ 9TO ! H&S ( ! PUBLIC :O >E AFFECT$ BY !M4 ,ALL M5 W]E TO RECEIVE A ?OR\< $UCATION :I* W\LD FAMILI>IZE !M ) ! PROBLEMS & PROJECTS ( ! WORLD 9 :I* !Y LIVE1 ( ! PA/ EXP]I5CE ( MANK9D1 ( ! LAWS ( NATURE4 ,!Y W\LD BE FULLY 9=M$ ON ALL IMPORTANT SOCIAL & POLITICAL ISSUES1 = ONLY ?US C\LD !Y P>TICIPATE 9TELLIG5TLY 9 =M+ PUBLIC POLICY1 REA*+ DECISIONS1 9T]PRET+ CRITICISM4 

,TO GA9 !IR RI<T TO ATTEMPT ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T1 ! ,AM]ICANS DISSOLV$ !IR COLONIAL RELATION%IP ) ! ,BRITI%4 

,WE HAVE REM9D$ !M ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( \R EMIGRATION & SETTLEM5T H]E4 ,WE HAVE APPEAL$ TO !IR NATIVE JU/ICE & MAGNANIMITY1 & WE HAVE CONJUR$ !M1 BY ! TIES ( \R COMMON K9DR$1 TO DISAV[ !SE USURPATIONS1 :I* W\LD 9EVITABLY 9T]RUPT \R CONNECTIONS & CORRESPOND5CE4 ,!Y 444 HAVE BE5 DEAF TO ! VOICE ( JU/ICE & CONSANGU9ITY4444 

,WE1 !RE=E1 ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA1 9 G5]AL ,CONGRESS ASSEMBL$ 444 DO1 9 ! NAME1 & BY ! AU?ORITY ( ! GOOD PEOPLE ( !SE COLONIES1 SOLEMNLY & DECL>E1 ?AT !SE UNIT$ COLONIES >E1 & ( RI<T \<T TO BE1 FREE & 9DEP5D5T /ATES4.<#b.> 

,= ! ,BRITI%1 ! FUNCTION ( COLONIES WAS TO 9CREASE ! PRIVILEGES ( ,5GL&'S WEAL?IE/ M53 0444NOT CONT5T+ !MSELVES ) ! YE>LY REV5UES & PR(ITS ?AT W]E WONT TO GR[ TO !IR =EFA!RS & PR$ECESSORS ( !IR L&S1 NOR BE+ CONT5T ?AT !Y LIVE 9 RE/ & PLEASURE1 NO?+ PR(IT+1 YEA1 MU* NOY+ ! WEAL PUBLIC1 LEAVE NO GR\ND = TILLAGE3 !Y 5CLOSE ALL 9 PA/URES4440.<#b#a.> & !Y E/ABLI% COLONIES 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD TO 9CREASE YET FUR!R !IR YE>LY REV5UES & PR(ITS4 ,IF AS A RESULT ( ?IS AV>ICI\S ACCUMULATION1 ! COLONIAL SUBJECTS SUFF] MIS]Y & H>D%IP1 ! WEAL?Y ,5GLI%M5 CAN H>DLY FEEL PITY'1 REMOV$ AS !Y >E FROM !M BY OCEANS4 

,9 ORD] TO CONV9CE ! ,BRITI% ?AT !Y'D HAD 5\< ( ! OPPRESSION NECESS>Y TO SUPPORT A PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 ! ,AM]ICANS F\<T A W> ) ,5GL&1 BY MEANS ( PASSIVE RESI/ANCE AS WELL AS BY VIOL5CE4 ,! ONLY GOAL ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>IES HAD 9 COMMON WAS TO PUT AN 5D TO PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION4 ,NONE F\<T TO EX*ANGE =EIGN = DOME/IC OPPRESSORS4 ,NO MAN RISK$ HIS LIFE TO BECOME ONCE AGA9 A SLAVE TO SOMEONE ELSE'S PRIVILEGE4 ,MO/ M5 TOOK IT = GRANT$ ?AT !RE W]E NONE ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T W'HO W\LD SEEK TO RE9TRODUCE PRIVILEGE MIS]Y4 ,HAD NOT ,DID]OT SAID ?AT SU* A MAN 0%\LD BE LOCK$ UP AS AN 5EMY ( HUMANITY & A DANG]\S LUNATIC60.<#b#b.> ,?IS WAS TO BE A SOCIETY RE/+ ON 0HONE/Y1 SELF- GOV]NM5T1 JU/ICE & KN[L$GE40.<#b#c.> 

,BEYOND ! G5]AL AIM ( ABOLI%+ PRIVILEGE & MIS]Y1 ! REVOLUTION>IES HAD LITTLE 9 COMMON4 ,NOR W]E !Y AGRE$ ON ! PRECISE NATURE ( PRIVILEGE OR ! CAUSE ( MIS]Y4 ,H[EV]1 NONE W]E SO COMPLETELY 9 ! D>K AB\T ! SOCIAL EFFECTS ( WEAL? & PROP]TY' AS M5 ( A LAT] AGE W]E TO BECOME4 ,MANY HAD COME TO ! NEW WORLD BECAUSE H]E WAS TRULY A 0COMMON TREASURY0 TO BE %>$ BY ALL ! CREATURES :O LIV$ ON IT4 ,SOME1 H[EV]1 HAD COME ) ,BRITI% IDEAS ( 0[N]%IP0 & !Y CLAIM$ A RI<T TO COLLECT DEBTS & TAXES FROM O!RS4 ,%ORTLY AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 !SE TWO GR\PS BROKE \T 9 ,%AY'S REBELLION--A REBELLION :I* %OOK ! SECURITY ( ! NEW L&'S M5 ( WEAL? & PROP]TY1 & BR\<T 9TO ! OP5 ! CONFLICT ?AT WAS TO DIVIDE 9TO HO/ILE CAMPS 0! GOOD PEOPLE ( !SE COLONIES40 ,NEI!R CONS]VATIVES NOR RADICALS W]E 9 ! D>K AB\T ! S\RCE ( ! CONFLICT1 NOR DID ANYONE TRY TO D5Y ?AT !RE WAS A CONFLICT4 ,HALF A C5TURY AGO1 ! HI/ORIAN ,*>LES ,BE>D %[$1 9 HIS EXCELL5T & HI<LY DOCUM5T$ /UDIES1.<#b#d.> ?AT EI<TE5? C5TURY ,AM]ICANS W]E LUCIDLY AW>E ?AT ! SUCCESS ( ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T DEP5D$ ON ! TYPE ( ECONOMIC /RUCTURE DEVELOP$ ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 ,?AT PROP]TY WAS A S\RCE ( FACTION AS WELL AS ! ORIG9 ( ! DIVISION ( CLASSES WAS WELL KN[N TO ,JAMES ,MADISON4 0,! MO/ COMMON & DURABLE S\RCE ( FACTIONS HAS BE5 ! V>I\S & UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( PROP]TY4 ,?OSE :O HOLD & ?OSE :O >E )\T PROP]TY HAVE EV] =M$ DI/9CT 9T]E/S 9 SOCIETY4 ,?OSE :O >E CR$ITORS1 & ?OSE :O >E DEBTORS1 FALL UND] A LIKE DISCRIM9ATION4 ,A L&$ 9T]E/1 A MANUFACTUR+ 9T]E/1 A M]CANTILE 9T]E/1 A MONEY$ 9T]E/1 ) MANY LESS] 9T]E/S1 GR[ UP ( NECESSITY 9 CIVILIZ$ NATIONS & DIVIDE !M 9TO DIFF]5T CLASSES1 ACTUAT$ BY DIFF]5T S5TIM5TS & VIEWS40.<#b#e.> ,& ! CONS]VATIVE ,JOHN ,ADAMS KNEW ?AT :]EV] PROP]TY EXI/S1 !RE WILL BE A /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! RI* & ! POOR1 BECAUSE 0,! G5DEM5 >E MORE 9TELLIG5T & SKILLFUL1 AS WELL AS G5]ALLY RI*] & BETT] CONNECT$1 & !RE=E HAVE MORE 9FLU5CE & P[] ?AN AN EQUAL NUMB] ( COMMON PEOPLE3 !RE IS A CON/ANT EF=T & 5]GY 9 ! M9DS ( ! =M] TO 9CREASE ! ADVANTAGES !Y POSSESS OV] ! LATT]1 & TO AUGM5T !IR WEAL? & 9FLU5CE AT !IR EXP5SE40.<#b#f.> ,ADAMS1 9 FACT1 9T]PRET$ ,ROMAN HI/ORY 9 T]MS ( A !ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 0,9 ,ROMAN HI/ORY WE SEE A CON/ANT /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! RI* & ! POOR FROM ,ROMULUS TO ,CES>4 ,! GREAT DIVISION WAS NOT SO MU* BETWE5 PATRICIANS & PLEBIANS1 AS BETWE5 DEBTOR & CR$ITOR4 ,SPECULATION & USURY KEPT ! /ATE 9 P]PETUAL BROILS4 ,! PATRICIANS USURP$ ! L&S & TBE PLEBIANS DEM&$ AGR>IAN LAWS4 ,! PATRICIANS L5T MONEY AT EXORBITANT 9T]E/ & ! PLEBIANS W]E SOMETIMES UNABLE & ALWAYS UNWILL+ TO PAY IT4 ,!SE W]E ! CAUSES ( DIVID+ ! PEOPLE 9TO TWO P>TIES1 AS DI/9CT & JEAL\S1 & ALMO/ AS HO/ILE TO EA* O!R1 AS TWO NATIONS40.<#b#g.> ,NOR DID ,ADAMS HAVE ANY D\BT ?AT SU* A DIVISION EXI/$ ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 0,WE DO POSSESS ONE MAT]IAL :I* ACTUALLY CON/ITUTES AN >I/OCRACY ?AT GOV]NS ! NATION4 ,?AT MAT]IAL IS WEAL?40.<#b#h.> 

,JOHN ,ADAMS1 SECOND PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & SUCCESSOR ( ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON AS HEAD ( ! CONS]VATIVE ,F$]ALI/ ,P>TY1 DID NOT HAVE ! ILLUSION ?AT ! RI* GOV]N 9 ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( ! NATION4 0,IT IS NOT TRUE1 9 FACT1 ?AT ANY PEOPLE EV] EXI/$ :O LOV$ ! PUBLIC BETT] ?AN !MSELVES1 !IR PRIVATE FRI5DS1 NEI<BORS1 ETC4440 ,:AT IS MORE1 S9CE ! RI* 0HAVE MO/ ADDRESS & CAPACITY1 !Y GA9 MORE & MORE CONT9UALLY1 UNTIL !Y BECOME EXORBITANTLY RI* & ! O!RS MIS]ABLY POOR40.<#b#i.> ,! AGR>IAN DEMOCRAT LOHN ,TAYLOR1 \TSPOK5 OPPON5T ( ,ADAMS & HIS P>TY1 WAS PA9FULLY AW>E ?AT ! RI* WILL GOV]N 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! RI*4 0,IF IT IS A MORAL TRU?1 ?AT MANK9D PREF] !MSELVES TO O!RS1 !N IT IS A MORAL C]TA9TY1 ?AT MEMB]S1 BO? ( ! GOV]NM5T & ( ! CORPORATION1 WILL PREF] ! 9T]E/ ( ! CORPORATION TO ! 9T]E/ ( ! NATION40.<#c.> ,TAYLOR >GU$ ?AT A VIRTUE ?AT HAD NOT BE5 SUPPLI$ BY RELIGION 9 ! FEUDAL ]A C\LD H>DLY BE SUPPLI$ BY WEAL?4 0,IF RESPONSIBILITY TO ,GOD CANNOT CURE PRIE/S ( ! VICES :I* 9FECT LEGISLATIVE P>TIES ( 9T]E/1 :AT SECURITY LIES 9 A RESPONSIBILITY TO MAN8 ,IF ! LOVE ( S\LS CANNOT AWAK5 9TEGRITY1 LAID TO SLEEP BY ?IS SPECIES ( LEGISLATIVE PATRONAGE1 WILL IT BE AWAK5$ BY A LOVE ( WEAL? & P[]80.<#c#a.> ,IF ! RI* >E P]MITT$ TO AUGM5T !IR WEAL? & 9FLU5CE CON/ANTLY1 !N1 ACCORD+ TO ,ADAMS1 0,?IS EF=T PRODUCES RES5TM5TS & JEAL\SIES1 CONTEMPT1 HATR$1 & FE> BETWE5 ! ONE SORT & ! O!R40.<#c#b.> ,& ACCORD+ TO ,TAYLOR1 0,:ATEV] DE/ROYS AN UNITY ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 A GOV]NM5T & A NATION1 9FALLIBLY PRODUCES OPPRESSION & HATR$40.<#c#c.> ,9 SUM1 EI<TE5? C5TURY ,AM]ICANS ( DIFF]5T POLITICAL P]SUASIONS W]E NOT UNAW>E ( ! OBS]VATION ,?OMAS ,MORE HAD MADE ALMO/ ?REE C5TURIES E>LI]1 ?AT 0:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JUSDY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40.<#c#d.> 

,BY & L>GE1 ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>IES W]E QUITE LUCIDLY AW>E1 & G5]ALLY AGRE$1 ?AT ! SUCCESS ( ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T DEP5D$ ON ! NATURE & PURPOSE ( ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC /RUCTURE DEVELOP$ ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 ,:]E !Y DIFF]$ WAS ON ! EMPHASIS ONE GAVE TO PROP]TY & ANO!R TO DEMOCRACY4 ,HAMILTON1 = EXAMPLE1 FE>$ DEMOCRACY AS IF IT W]E A PLAGUE1 PRECISELY BECAUSE HE WAS AW>E ?AT DEMOCRACY 5TAIL$ ! ABOLITION ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASS ( 0! RI* & WELL BORN40 ,O!RS1 LESS COMMITT$ TO ! OLD WORLD'S >I/OCRACIES ?AN ,HAMILTON1 BUT NOT OV]LY 5?USIA/IC AB\T DEMOCRACY1 ACCEPT$ ! 9/ITUTIONS ( WEAL? & PROP]TY1 BUT WANT$ ! GOV]NM5T TO BE A NEUTRAL M$IATOR BETWE5 ! CLASSES1 UNCOMMITT$ TO ! M9ORITY ( ! RI* AS WELL AS ! MAJORITY ( ! POOR4 ,JAMES ,MADISON1 = EXAMPLE1 ACCEPT$ PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! CONSEQU5T DIVISION 9TO CLASSES AS A 0NECESSITY10 & URG$ A GOV]NM5T ?AT W\LD 0REGULATE0 ! DIFF]5T CLASSES4 0,! MO/ COMMON & DURABLE S\RCE ( FACTIONS HAS BE5 ! V>I\S & UNEQUAL DI/RIBUTION ( PROP]TY4444 9T]E/S GR[ UP ( NECESSITY 9 CIVILIZ$ NATIONS & DIVIDE !M 9TO DIFF]5T CLASSES1 ACTUAT$ BY DIFF]5T S5TIM5TS & VIEWS4 ,! REGULATION ( !SE V>I\S & 9T]F]+ 9T]E/S =MS ! PR9CIPAL TASK ( MODEM LEGISLATION1 & 9VOLVES ! SPIRIT ( P>TY & FACTION 9 ! NECESS>Y & ORD9>Y OP]ATIONS ( ! GOV]NM5T40.<#c#e.> ,! MORE CONS]VATIVE ,JOHN ,ADAMS ALSO ACCEPT$ ! 0NECESSITY0 ( CLASSES & CLASS P>TIES1 BUT HE WAS JU/ AS AW>E AS ,MADISON AB\T ! NE$ = GOV]NM5T TO M$IATE BETWE5 ! CLASSES4 0,TWO SU* P>TIES 444 ALWAYS WILL EXI/1 AS !Y ALWAYS HAVE EXI/$1 9 ALL NATIONS1 ESPECIALLY 9 SU* AS HAVE PROP]TY1 & MO/ ( ALL1 9 COMM]CIAL C\NTRIES4 ,EA* ( !SE P>TIES MU/ BE REPRES5T$ 9 ! LEGISLATURE1 & ! TWO MU/ BE *ECKS ON EA* O!R4 ,BUT1 )\T A M$IATOR BETWE5 !M1 !Y WILL OPPOSE EA* O!R 9 ALL ?+S & GO TO W> TILL ONE SUBJUGATES ! O!RS40.<#c#f.> ,ADAMS1 H[EV]1 WAS NO REVOLUTION>Y1 & NO DEMOCRAT4 ,9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT WEAL? & PROP]TY REPRES5T$ ! GREATE/ ?REAT TO ! WELL BE+ ( ! NATION1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT CLASSES BR$ 0RES5TM5TS & JEAL\SIES1 CONTEMPT1 HATR$1 & FE>10 ,ADAMS WAS NOT WILL+ TO DISC>D ! 9/ITUTIONS ( WEAL?1 PROP]TY1 & PRIVILEGE4 0,! MOM5T ! IDEA IS ADMITT$ 9TO SOCIETY1 ?AT PROP]TY IS NOT AS SACR$ AS ! LAWS ( ,GOD & ?AT !RE IS NOT A =CE ( LAW & PUBLIC JU/ICE TO PROTECT IT1 AN>*Y & TYRANNY COMM5CE40 ,& ,ADAMS FE>FULLY DEPICT$ SOME ( DIE 0CATA/ROPHES0 :I* W\LD ACCOMPANY ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 0,! TIME W\LD NOT BE LONG BE=E C\RAGE & 5T]PRISE W\LD COME1 & PRETEXTS BE 9V5T$ BY DEGREES1 TO C\NT5ANCE ! MAJORITY 9 DIVID+ ALL ! PROP]TY AMONG !M1 OR AT LEA/ 9 %>+ IT EQUALLY ) ITS PRES5T POSSESSORS4 ,DEBTS W\LD BE ABOLI%$ FIR/2 TAXES LAID HEAVY ON ! RI*1 & NOT AT ALL ON ! O!RS2 & AT LA/ A D[NRI<T EQUAL DIVISION ( EV]Y?+ BE DEM&$ & VOT$4 ,:AT W\LD BE ! CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS80.<#c#g.> 

,! AGR>IAN DEMOCRAT ,JOHN ,TAYLOR C>RI$ ! LOGIC ( ,MADISON & ,ADAMS TO ITS CONCLUSIONS1 & HE ATTACK$ ,ADAMS = ASSUM+ ?AT ! %ORTCOM+S ( O!R SOCIAL SY/EMS MU/ NECESS>ILY BE TRANSPORT$ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 0,MR4 ,ADAMS'S SY/EM PROMISES NO?+4 ,IT TELLS US ?AT HUMAN NATURE IS ALWAYS ! SAME3 ?AT ! >T ( GOV]NM5T CAN NEV] *ANGE2 ?AT IT IS CONTRACT$ 9TO ?REE SIMPLE PR9CIPLES2 & ?AT MANK9D MU/ EI!R SUFF] ! EVILS ( ONE ( !SE SIMPLE PR9CIPLES2 AS AT ,A!NS1 ,V5ICE1 OR ,CON/ANT9OPLE2 OR ?OSE SAME PR9CIPLES COMP\ND$1 AS AT ,LONDON1 ,ROME OR ,LAC$EMON4444 ,SU* A COMPUTATION IS A SPECT]1 CALCULAT$ 0TO >RE/ \R EF=TS1 & APPALL \R HOPES1 9 PURSUIT ( POLITICAL GOOD4 ,IF IT BE CORRECT1 :AT MOTIVES ( PREF]5CE BETWE5 =MS ( GOV]NM5T REMA98 ,ON ONE H&1 ,AIR4 ,ADAMS CALLS \R ATT5TION TO HUNDR$S ( WISE & VIRTU\S PATRICIANS1 MANGL$ & BLE$+ VICTIMS ( POPUL> FURY2 ON ! O!R1 HE MI<T HAVE EXHIBIT$ MILLIONS SACRIFIC$ TO ! PRIDE1 FOLLY & AMBITION ( MON>*Y & >I/OCRACY2 &1 TO COMPLETE ! PICTURE1 HE \<T TO HAVE PLAC$ RI<T BE=E US1 ! EFFECTS ( !SE ?REE PR9CIPLES COMMIX$1 9 ! W>S1 REBELLIONS1 P]SECUTIONS & OPPRESSIONS ( ! ,5GLI% =M1 CELEBRAT$ BY ,MR4 ,ADAMS AS ! MO/ P]FECT ( ! MIX$ CLASS ( GOV]NM5TS4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE TO CONV9CE US1 ?AT WE >E COMPELL$ TO ELECT ONE ( !SE EVILS8 444 ,BUT IF ! MORAL QUALITIES ( HUMAN NATURE >E NOT ALWAYS ! SAME1 BUT >E DIFF]5T BO? 9 NATIONS & 9DIVIDUALS2 & IF GOV]NM5T \<T TO BE CON/RUCT$ 9 RELATION TO !SE MORAL QUALITIES1 & NOT 9 RELATION TO FACTITI\S ORD]S2 !SE AU?ORITIES DO NOT PRODUCE A CONCLUSION SO DEPLORABLE4 ,! V>IETY 9 ! K9DS & DEGREES ( POLITICAL MIS]Y1 IS ALONE CONCLUSIVE EVID5CE ( DI/9CT DEGREES ( MORAL *>ACT]1 CAPABLE ( UNKN[N MORAL EF=TS40.<#c#h.> ,TAYLOR CONCLUD$1 IF ! MONOPOLY ( PRIVILEGE & P[] BEGETS FACTION & MIS]Y1 !N ! FUNCTION ( GOV]NM5T MU/ BE TO PREV5T SU* A MONOPOLY4 ,& S9CE VE/$ MILIT>Y1 RELIGI\S1 OR MONEY$ 9T]E/S 9EVITABLY ACQUIRE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[]1 BECAUSE 0.<S.>U* 9T]E/S >E 9CAPABLE 444 ( 9CLUD+ ! MAJORITY ( A NATION1 OR ( A G5]AL DIVISION AMONG ITS MEMB]S10 !N SU* 9T]E/S MU/ BE ABOLI%$1 & ! FUNCTION ( LAW MU/ BE ! CON/ANT R$I/RIBUTION ( L&1 :I* CANNOT BE A 0PURELY FACTITI\S0 9T]E/4 0,L& IS NOT CREAT$ BY LAW2 !RE=E IT IS UND] NO APPREH5SION ( ITS DEA? /ROKE FROM LAW4 ,IT DOES NOT SUBSI/ UPON O!R 9T]E/S2 !RE=E IT IS NOT BESET BY AN HO/ ( 5EMIES1 :OSE V5GEANCE IT IS CONSCI\S ( DES]V+4 ,BY ! OP]ATION ( LAWS ADV]SE TO ITS MONOPOLY1 IT QUICKLY ADJU/S ITSELF TO ! 9T]E/ ( A MAJORITY ( A NATION2 !NCE=W>D IT IS 9CAPABLE ( ! AV>ICE & 9JU/ICE ( A FACTITI\S LEGAL 9T]E/ BECAUSE NO TEMPTATION TO S$UCE IT 9TO EI!R1 EXI/S4 ,TO ?IS PO9T ( IMPROVEM5T1 A L&$ 9T]E/ WILL 9V>IABLY BE BR\<T1 BY LAWS = DIVID+ L&S2 NOR CAN IT BE CORRUPT$1 EXCEPT BY LAWS :I* CONF9E L&S TO A M9ORITY4 ,!N IT BECOMES 9 A DEGREE A FACTITI\S LEGAL MONOPOLY1 CAPABLE ( BE+ FAVOR$ BY LAW1 & 9FECT$ ) A PORTION ( ?AT MALIGNITY1 :I* CON/ITUTES ! 5TIRE ESS5CE ( A M9OR SEP>ATE 9T]E/ PURELY FACTITI\S40.<#c#i.> 

,?US ! 0,FA!RS0 ( ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION W]E LUCIDLY AW>E ?AT ! SUCCESS1 OR FAILURE1 ( ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T DEP5D$ ON H[ M5 LIV$ & :AT M5 DID4 ,!Y W]E P]FECTLY AW>E ?AT DEMOCRACY WAS 9COMPATIBLE ) A SOCIAL /RUCTURE 9 :I* A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 P[]1 & PRIVILEGE WAS LODG$ 9 ONE CLASS ( M54 ,& !IR ACCEPTANCE OR REJECTION ( DEMOCRATIC IDEALS CANNOT BE UND]/OOD EXCEPT 9 ?AT CONTEXT4 ,IF WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE W]E NOT EQUALLY DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ALL M51 !RE C\LD BE NO DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 

 "9"9"9 

,ONCE A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IS E/ABLI%$1 H[ DOES IT REMA9 DEMOCRATIC8 ,IT WAS ?IS QUE/ION ?AT GUID$ ! SE>* = 0DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS40 ,SU* 9/ITUTIONS >E DEMOCRATIC ONLY IF !Y MA9TA9 EQUALITY2 CLE>LY AN 9/ITUTION ?AT CAN S]VE AS WELL = ! MA9T5ANCE ( PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION IS NOT1 9 ITSELF1 A DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTION4 ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRATS W]E CONC]N$ ) F9D+ 9/ITUTIONS ?AT W\LD FUNCTION ON A VA/ SCALE NOT ONLY TO MA9TA91 BUT ALSO TO ADVANCE1 ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T ONCE E/ABLI%$4 ,ONE SU* 9/ITUTION WAS ! ,NEW ,5GL& ,T[N ,MEET+1 :]E ALL CITIZ5S P>TICIPAT$1 DISCUSS$ IMPORTANT ISSUES1 & REA*$ PUBLIC DECISIONS4 ,BUT ! ,T[N ,MEET+ C\LD ONLY BE PRACTIC$ EFFECTIVELY ON A SMALL SCALE4 ,= ALL ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO GA!R 9 ONE PLACE & DISCUSS ALL PUBLIC QUE/IONS W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPRACTICAL4 ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRATS REJECT$ ?IS TYPE ( 0VILLAGE DEMOCRACY10 P]HAPS )\T HAV+ EXPLOR$ ITS POSSIBILITIES ADEQUATELY4 ,& IF ,V DEMOCRACY0 IS AB&ON$1 0REPRES5TATIVES0 >E APP>5TLY ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE4 ,:E!R OR NOT A PEACEFUL CONF$]ATION ( SELF- GOV]N+ VILLAGES IS POSSIBLE HAS NEV] BE5 ANSW]$4 ,IT HAS NEV] BE5 TRI$ ON A SIGNIFICANT SCALE4 ,BUT BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 9 ,AM]ICA ! SMALL GOV]N+ VILLAGES W]E AB&ON$4 0,REPRES5TATIVES0 W]E ACCEPT$ AS A SUB/ITUTE4 

,YET :E!R 0REPRES5TATIVES0 >E1 OR CAN BE1 A DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTION IS /ILL AN OP5 QUE/ION4 ,IF A MAN TRULY 0REPRES5TS0 ! IDEAS & WI%ES ( ?\S&S ( M51 HE !REBY CEASES TO BE AN 9DIVIDUAL ) IDEAS & WI%ES ( HIS [N2 HE BECOMES ! EMBODIM5T ( A ,SOCIAL ,CONSCI5CE1 A ,G5]AL ,WILL4 ,?IS WAS ,R\SSEAU'S V]SION ( ,REPRES5TATIVE ,DEMOCRACY4 ,9 ,R\SSEAU'S MODEL1 ! ,REPRES5TATIVE ACTS = ?\S&S ( M5 ON ! BASIS ( !IR CONS5T4 ,BUT ACQUIESC5CE (T5 TAKES ! APPE>ANCE ( CONS5T1 & 9 HUMAN SOCIETY !RE >E NO IMP>TIAL JUDGES :O CAN EFFECTIVELY DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,YET IF A MAN IS NOT ! EMBODIM5T ( ! ,G5]AL ,WILL1 IF HE IS M]ELY ONE AMONG ?\S&S & HAS NO SPECIAL QUALIFICATION EXCEPT HIS DESIRE TO 0REPRES5T0 ! RE/1 !N :AT IS HIS JU/IFICATION = 0REPRES5T+0 ?\S&S ( M58 ,S9CE HE IS NOT ! EMBODIM5T ( ! WI%ES & IDEALS ( O!R M51 :AT IS TO KEEP HIM FROM US+ HIS POSITION = ! IRRESPONSIBLE FULFILLM5T ( PURELY P]SONAL DESIRES8 ,ACCORD+ TO ,JEFF]SON1 A REPRES5TATIVE CAN BE MADE RESPONSIBLE IF ! PEOPLE >E $UCAT$ & FULLY 9=M$1 IF !Y EX]T CONTROL OV] & DIRECTLY P>TICIPATE 9 ! REA*+ ( PUBLIC DECISIONS4 0,EV]Y GOV]NM5T DEG5]ATES :5 TRU/$ TO ! RUL]S ( ! PEOPLE ALONE4 ,! PEOPLE !MSELVES >E ITS ONLY SAFE DEPOSITORIES4 ,& TO R5D] EV5 !M SAFE1 !IR M9DS MU/ BE IMPROV$ TO A C]TA9 DEGREE4444 ,! 9FLU5CE OV] GOV]NM5T MU/ BE %>$ AMONG ALL ! PEOPLE4 ,IF EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 444 P>TICIPATES ( ! ULTIMATE AU?ORITY1 ! GOV]NM5T WILL BE SAFE40.<#d.> ,H[EV]1 IF IGNORANCE IS MA9TA9$ & 9=MATION SUPPRESS$1 ! GOV]NM5T WILL 9EVITABLY DEG5]ATE 9TO OPPRESSIVE TYRANNY4 0,IF A NATION EXPECTS TO BE IGNORANT & FREE1 9 A /ATE ( CIVILIZATION1 IT EXPECTS :AT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE4 ,! FUNCTION>IES ( EV]Y GOV]NM5T HAVE PROP5SITIES TO COMM& AT WILL ! LIB]TY & PROP]TY ( !IR CON/ITU5TS4 ,!RE IS NO SAFE DEPOSIT = !SE BUT ) ! PEOPLE !MSELVES2 NOR CAN !Y BE SAFE ) !M )\T 9=MATION40.<#d#a.> ,?US1 !RE MU/ BE $UCATION ?AT GIVES TO ALL 9HABITANTS AN UND]/&+ ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS & IDEALS1 & !RE MU/ BE M$IA ( COMMUNICATION ?AT >E CONTROLL$ BY NO 9T]E/ & >E RESPONSIBLE TO 9=M1 NOT DEFRAUD1 ! PUBLIC4 ,H[EV]1 IF 0! WEI<T ( TAL5TS WILL FOLL[ LEISURE & WEAL?10.<#d#b.> IF WEAL? ACQUIRES A MONOPOLY ( $UCATION AS WELL AS COMMUNICATION1 !N ! PUBLIC WILL BE $UCAT$ AS WELL AS 9=M$ BY ! V]Y GR\P :OSE 9T]E/ IT IS TO DEFRAUD !M4 0,A GOV]NM5T1 A SECTION ( IT1 OR A MEASURE F\ND$ 9 AN EVIL MORAL PR9CIPLE1 SU* AS FRAUD1 AMBITION1 AV>ICE OR SUP]/ITION1 MU/ PRODUCE CORRESPOND5T EFFECTS1 & DEFEAT ! 5D ( GOV]NM5T40.<#d#c.> 

,?US ! EI<TE5? C5TURY DEMOCRATIC IDEAL MAY BE DIVID$ 9TO F\R 9DISP5SABLE P>TS1 )\T :I* IT CANNOT BE REALIZ$4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL WEAL?1 P[]1 & 9FLU5CE1 & ?AT ?IS EQUALITY BE MA9TA9$ BY SOME =M ( AGR>IAN RE=M LAW4 ,!N1 TO 5SURE EQUALITY1 & TO DEVELOP ! TAL5TS & M9DS ( CITIZ5S1 !RE MU/ BE UNIV]SAL $UCATION1 !RE MU/ BE UNTRAMMEL$ COMMUNICATION1 & !RE MU/ BE P>TICIPATION BY EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! IMPORTANT AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY4 ,)\T !SE F\R REQUIREM5TS1 EQUALITY1 $UCATION1 COMMUNICATION1 & P>TICIPATION1 APPLI$ 9 ! SPIRIT 9 :I* !Y W]E CONCEIV$1 !RE CAN BE NO DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 

 "9"9"9 

,ONE MU/ ASSUME ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( PEOPLE :O F\<T & KILL$ 9 ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION DID SO TO PUT A P]MAN5T 5D TO OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION4 ,MEMB]S ( A MILIT>Y SOCIETY WILL MURD] M]ELY BECAUSE !Y'VE BE5 TRA9$ TO DO SO4 ,BUT 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS A CIVILIAN SOCIETY1 & NONMILIT>Y M5 WILL R>ELY RISK !IR [N OR O!RS' LIVES M]ELY TO EX*ANGE ONE =M ( OPPRESSION = ANO!R4 ,MO/ ,AM]ICANS W]E !N AGRE$ ?AT PRIVILEGE MU/ BE ABOLI%$2 ?AT PROP]TY G5]ATES A PRIVILEG$ CLASS & ?US BR+S FACTION & MIS]Y2 ?AT WEAL? CANNOT JU/LY GOV]N A NATION BECAUSE IT WILL 9EVITABLY GOV]N 9 ITS [N 9T]E/4 ,BUT !Y DID NOT AGREE ON ! BE/ MEANS ( 5SUR+ ?AT WEAL? %\LD NOT AGA9 GIVE BIR? TO A TYRANNICAL >I/OCRACY1 ?US RE-CONV]T+ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9TO A NATION ( MA/]S & S]VANTS4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ,MADISON WANT$ A MODIFI$ >I/OCRACY RE/RA9$ BY A GOV]NM5T ( DETA*$ M5 DEVOT$ TO ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( ! NATION1 PRESUMABLY A GOV]NM5T ( ,MADISONIAN PHILOSOPH]S4 ,ADAMS WANT$ A NEUTRAL GOV]NM5T :I* W\LD M$IATE BETWE5 ! 9T]E/S ( ! RI* & POOR1 W\LD GU>D ! RI* FROM ! POOR & ! POOR FROM ! RI*1 BUT ESPECIALLY IT W\LD PROTECT ! RI* FROM ! POOR4 7,ADAMS APP>5TLY C\LD NOT REMEMB] ?AT ! RI*1 ) !IR WEAL?1 C\LD BUY !IR [N PROTECTION )\T /ATE AID1 :]EAS ! POOR C\LD NOT47 ,FROM ! DEMOCRATIC CAMP1 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR >GU$ ?AT A MODIFI$ >I/OCRACY W\LD QUICKLY DEG5]ATE 9TO AN UNLIMIT$ & REPRESSIVE >I/OCRACY1 & ?AT A GOV]NM5T SEEK+ TO M$IATE BETWE5 ?OSE :O POSSESS A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[]1 & ?OSE :O LACK IT1 W\LD QUICKLY BECOME AN 9/RUM5T US$ BY WEAL? & P[] TO SUBJUGATE ! RE/4 ,& !RE W]E O!RS1 MORE NUM]\S BUT LESS 9FLU5TIAL1 :O FOLL[$ TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT PRIVATE WEAL? & PROP]TY %\LD BE ALTOGE!R ABOLI%$1 ?US PREV5T+ ONCE & = ALL ! MONOPOLY ( P[] & PRIVILEGE1 &1 AS ,W9/ANLEY HAD URG$1 CONV]T+ ! E>? 9TO A 0COMMON TREASURY0 :I* IS 0FREE = EV]Y SON & DAU<T] ( MANK9D TO LIVE FREE UPON40 

,H[EV] DIV]G5T ! SOLUTIONS1 H[EV] CLA%+ ! VIEWS1 !Y W]E TO BE RESOLV$ EXP]IM5TALLY2 DECISIONS W]E TO BE1 ABOVE ALL1 T5TATIVE4 ,MANY PROBLEMS HAD BE5 SOLV$1 MANY W]E 9 ! PROCESS ( SOLUTION1 BUT ! EXP]IM5TAL SE>* = A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY W\LD BE ! WORK ( G5]ATIONS4 0,WE HAVE *ANC$ TO LIVE 9 AN AGE :I* WILL PROBABLY BE DI/+UI%$ 9 HI/ORY = ITS EXP]IM5TS 9 GOV]NM5T ON A L>G] SCALE ?AN HAS YET TAK5 PLACE4 ,BUT WE %ALL NOT LIVE TO SEE ! RESULT4 ,! GROSS] ABSURDITIES1 SU* AS H]$IT>Y MAGI/RACIES1 WE %ALL SEE EXPLOD$ 9 \R DAY1 LONG EXP]I5CE HAV+ ALREADY PRON\NC$ CONDEMNATION AGA9/ !M4 ,BUT :AT IS TO BE ! SUB/ITUTE8 ,?IS \R *ILDR5 & GR&*ILDR5 WILL ANSW]4 ,WE MAY BE SATISFI$ ) ! C]TA9 KN[L$GE ?AT NONE CAN EV] BE TRI$1 SO /UPID1 SO UNRI<TE\S1 SO OPPRESSIVE1 SO DE/RUCTIVE ( EV]Y 5D = :I* HONE/ M5 5T] 9TO GOV]NM5T1 AS ?AT :I* !IR =EFA!RS HAD E/ABLI%$1 & !IR FA!RS ALONE V5TURE TO TUMBLE HEADLONG40.<#d#d.> ,! EXP]IM5T WAS TO FULFILL ! NE$S & IDEALS ( LIV+ M54 ,! MI/AKES1 ! BLUND]S1 ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ONE G5]ATION C\LD NOT1 9 AN EXP]IM5TAL DEMOCRACY1 BE B9D+ ON ANO!R G5]ATION4 0,! E>? BELONGS TO ! LIV+1 NOT TO ! DEAD10 WROTE ,JEFF]SON4 0,WE MAY CONSID] EA* G5]ATION AS A DI/9CT NATION1 ) A RI<T1 BY ! WILL ( ITS MAJORITY1 TO B9D !MSELVES1 BUT NONE TO B9D ! SUCCE$+ G5]ATIONS1 MORE ?AN ! 9HABITANTS ( ANO!R C\NTRY40.<#d#e.> 

,?US DESPITE ! DIV]G5T VIEWS ( ! REVOLUTION>IES AS TO ! DIVISION1 CONTROL1 OR M$IATION ( PROP]TY1 AS TO ! RESPONSIBILITY ( REPRES5TATIVES1 DEMOCRATIC SOLUTIONS C\LD 5DLESSLY BE S\<T & TRI$ SO LONG AS ! EXP]IM5T CONT9U$4 ,BUT IF ! EXP]IM5T WAS LIMIT$ OR CURB$1 OPPRESSION & BLOOD%$ W\LD RETURN4 0,EA* G5]ATION 444 HAS A RI<T TO *OOSE = ITSELF ! =M ( GOV]NM5T IT BELIEVES ! MO/ PROMOTIVE ( ITS [N HAPP9ESS10 WROTE ,JEFF]SON4 0,A SOLEMN OPPORTUNITY ( DO+ ?IS EV]Y #ai OR #b YE>S %\LD BE PROVID$ BY ! CON/ITUTION4444 ,?IS CORPOREAL GLOBE1 & EV]Y?+ UPON IT1 BELONGS TO ITS PRES5T CORPOREAL 9HABITANTS1 DUR+ !IR G5]ATION4 ,!Y ALONE HAVE A RI<T TO DIRECT :AT IS ! CONC]N ( !MSELVES ALONE4444 ,IF ?IS AV5UE BE %UT4441 IT WILL MAKE ITSELF HE>D ?R\< ?AT ( =CE1 & WE %ALL GO ON1 AS O!R NATIONS >E DO+1 9 ! 5DLESS CIRCLE ( OPPRESSIONS1 REBELLIONS1 RE=MATIONS2 & OPPRESSION1 REBELLION1 RE=MATION1 AGA92 & SO ON =EV]40.<#d#f.> ,?IS MU* WAS KN[N TO EI<TE5? C5TURY ,AM]ICANS1 = !Y HAD WRITT5 9TO !IR ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE 0?AT1 :5EV] ANY =M ( GOV]NM5T BECOMES DE/RUCTIVE ( !SE 5DS1 IT IS ! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO ALT] OR TO ABOLI% IT1 & TO 9/ITUTE A NEW GOV]NM5T1 LAY+ ITS =MATION ON SU* PR9CIPLES1 & ORGANIZ+ ITS P[]S 9 SU* =M1 AS TO !M %ALL SEEM MO/ LIKELY TO EFFECT !IR SAFETY & HAPP9ESS40 

 "9"9"9 

,H[EV]1 = A SMALL NUMB] ( M51 ! REVOLUTION WAS NOT ! BEG9N+ ( A VA/ EXP]IM5T 9 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION2 IT DID NOT PROMISE ! POSSIBILITY = A BETT] SOCIETY2 IT REPRES5T$ NO?+ MORE ?AN AN OP5+ = L>GE-SCALE ECONOMIC SPECULATION4 ,AS 9 ALL W>S1 SOME M5 DID NOT LI<T ) !IR BODIES BUT ) !IR MONEY1 & NOT = IDEALS BUT = P]SONAL PR(IT4 ,! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION WAS NOT EXEMPT$ FROM SU* M51 & 9 A FRI<TFULLY %ORT TIME !SE M5 UND]M9$ ! IDEALS = :I* ! REVOLUTION HAD BE5 F\<T4 

,:5 ! COLONIES W5T TO W> ) ,5GL&1 ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY WAS DISRUPT$1 & ! VALUE ( MONEY DET]IORAT$4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES NE$$ FUNDS TO C>RY ON ! W>-- ESPECIALLY TO SUPPORT & EQUIP ! REVOLUTION>Y >MIES4 ,:5 !SE FUNDS W]E PROVID$1 ! M5 :O CONTRIBUT$ RECEIV$ SECURITIES = ! AM\NT !Y LOAN$4 ,! SECURITIES W]E MADE \T 9 ! NOM9AL AM\NT ( MONEY GIV51 AL?\< ! REAL VALUE ( ! MONEY HAD FALL5 TO A FRACTION ( ! NOM9AL AM\NT4 ,A L>GE NUMB] ( ! CONTRIBUTORS MU/ HAVE BE5 POOR1 BECAUSE MO/ ( !M SEEM TO HAVE SOLD ! SECURITIES1 G5]ALLY = AN EV5 SMALL] AM\NT ?AN !Y HAD PAID = !M--SOMETIMES AT ONE T5? !IR ORIG9AL VALUE4.<#d#g.> ,9 ANY CASE1 BY #a<g A GOOD P>T ( ! SECURITIES W]E 9 ! H&S1 NOT ( ! M5 :O HAD L5T MONEY TO ! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T1 BUT ( CAPITALI/ SPECULATORS :O HAD NOT L5T ANY?+ BUT HAD MONOPOLIZ$ SECURITIES BY BUY+ !M *EAPLY FROM ORIG9AL HOLD]S4 ,!SE E>LY CAPITALI/S W]E TO BECOME ! GRAV$IGG]S ( EV]Y DEMOCATIC IDEAL ?AT HAD BE5 BR\<T TO ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 

,PR(ESSOR ,*>LES ,A4 ,BE>D BRILLIANTLY ANALYZ$ ?IS MO/ CRUCIAL *APT] ( ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY 9 HIS ,AN ,ECONOMIC ,9T]PRETATION ( ! ,CONSITNTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & FUR!R ELABORAT$ HIS CONCLUSIONS 9 ,ECONOMIC ,ORIG9S ( ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY4 _<#a_> ,BE>D'S /UDY ( ! ,CON/ITUTION BECAME A CLASSIC 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY1 &1 AS (T5 HAPP5S TO CLASSICS1 ! BOOK WAS REV]$1 & ITS CONCLUSIONS W]E CONV5I5TLY =GOTT54 

,9 ,MAY #a#g#h#g1 A CONV5TION TO DRAFT A CON/ITUTION = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ASSEMBL$ 9 ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,FIFTY-FIVE M5 REPRES5T+ TWELVE /ATES ATT5D$ ! CONV5TION4 0,=TY ( ! MEMB]S HELD PUBLIC SECURITIES1 F\RTE5 W]E L& SPECULATORS1 ELEV5 W]E 9T]E/$ 9 M]CANTILE1 MANUFACTUR+ & %IPP+ ACTIVITIES1 & FIFTE5 W]E SLAVEHOLD]S4 ,! SMALL F>M] & DEBTOR CLASSES W]E VIRTUALLY )\T REPRES5TATION40.<#d#h.> ,! M5 :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ?IS CONV5TION W]E NOT 0REPRES5TATIVES0 9 ,R\SSEAU'S S5SE4 ,!Y DID NOT EMBODY A ,G5]AL ,WILL4 ,NOR W]E !Y 0REPRES5TATIVES0 9 ,JEFF]SON'S S5SE ( HAV+ BE5 *OS51 AFT] C>EFUL CONSID]ATION1 BY AN $UCAT$ & WELL 9=M$ PUBLIC4 0,NO POPUL> VOTE WAS TAK5 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY ON ! PROPOSITION TO CALL ! ,CONV5TION :I* DRAFT$ ! CON/ITUTION40.<#d#i.> ,!SE M5 W]E NOT EV5 REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! S5SE ( ,ADAMS & ,MADISON--9 BE+ DIS9T]E/$ M$IATORS BETWE5 DIFF]5T FACTIONS1 CONC]N$ ) ! GOOD ( ! NATION AS A :OLE4 0,! MEMB]S ( ! ,PHILADELPHIA ,CONV5TION :I* DRAFT$ ! ,CON/ITUTION W]E1 ) A FEW EXCEPTIONS1 IMM$IATELY1 DIRECTLY1 & P]SONALLY 9T]E/$ 91 & D]IV$ ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES FROM1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! NEW SY/EM40.<#e.> 

,! *AIRMAN ( ?IS CONV5TION WAS ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON1 POPUL> H]O ( ! REVOLUTION>Y W> & ,FA!R ( HIS ,C\NTRY4 ,! *AIRMAN'S QUALIFICATIONS ESPECIALLY SUIT$ HIM TO HEAD SU* A CONV5TION1 = 0,WA%+TON1 ( ,VIRG9IA1 WAS PROBABLY ! RI*E/ MAN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 HIS TIME1 & HIS F9ANCIAL ABILITY WAS NOT SURPASS$ AMONG HIS C\NTRYM5 ANY:]E40.<#e#a.> ,! UNACKN[L$G$ LEAD] ( ! CONV5TION1 & ! MO/ ELOQU5T DEF5D] ( ! DOCUM5T ?AT EM]G$1 WAS ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON1 PROBABLY ! CLEV]E/ MAN 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN POLITICS4 ,HAMILTON DID NOT %>E ! DEMOCRATIC IDEALS ( ,?OMAS ,MORE1 ,C]VANTES1 ,GRAC*US ,BABEUF1 OR ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON4 ,HE DID NOT EV5 %>E ! MILD HOPES EXPRESS$ BY ,ADAMS & ,MADISON1 ?AT IF AN >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? WAS NECESS>Y1 IT %\LD AT LEA/ BE CURB$ & MADE TO S]VE ! PUBLIC GOOD4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,HAMILTON1 0,ALL COMMUNITIES DIVIDE !MSELVES 9TO ! FEW & ! MANY4 ,! FIR/ >E ! RI* & WELL BORN1 ! O!R ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE HAS BE5 SAID TO BE ! VOICE ( ,GOD2 & H[EV] G5]ALLY ?IS MAXIM HAS BE5 QUOT$ & BELIEV$1 IT IS NOT TRUE 9 FACT4 ,! PEOPLE >E TURBUL5T & *ANG+2 !Y SELDOM JUDGE OR DET]M9E RI<T4 ,GIVE !RE=E TO ! FIR/ CLASS A DI/9CT1 P]MAN5T %>E 9 ! GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y WILL *ECK ! UN/EAD9ESS ( ! SECOND1 & AS !Y CANNOT RECEIVE ANY ADVANTAGE BY A *ANGE1 !Y !RE=E WILL EV] MA9TA9 GOOD GOV]NM5T4 ,CAN A DEMOCRATIC ASSEMBLY :O ANNUALLY REVOLVE 9 ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 BE SUPPOS$ /EADILY TO PURSUE ! PUBLIC GOOD8 ,NO?+ BUT A P]MAN5T BODY CAN *ECK ! IMPRUD5CE ( DEMOCRACY4444 0,IT IS ADMITT$ ?AT Y\ CANNOT HAVE A GOOD EXECUTIVE UPON A DEMOCRATIC PLAN40.<#e#b.> ,HAMILTON1 UNLIKE HIS LESS C&ID DESC5DANTS1 DID NOT DEEM IT NECESS>Y TO GIVE LIP-S]VICE TO DEMOCRACY :ILE DEF5D+ ! RI* & WELL BORN4 ,HE KNEW :AT DEMOCRACY MEANT1 & HE DEVOT$ HIS LIFE TO ! TASK ( SUPPRESS+ IT4 ,HE WAS A BRILLIANT MAN1 & HE ACCOMPLI%$ HIS TASK ) TREM5D\S SUCCESS4 ,HAMILTON'S GREATE/ FE>1 BE=E1 DUR+1 & AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 WAS ?AT ! REVOLUTION W\LD SPREAD4 ,HE KNEW ?AT ! MAJORITY ( HIS C\NTRYM5 W]E NOT MEMB]S ( HIS [N CLASS1 ! CLASS ( 0! RI* & WELL BORN40 ,HE KNEW ?AT ! MAJORITY ( HIS C\NTRYM5 DID NOT %>E HIS ADMIRATION = A GOV]NM5T ( 0! RI* & WELL BORN40 ,9 #agie HE WROTE1 0 ,!RE >E TOO MANY PRO(S ?AT A CONSID]ABLE P>TY AMONG US IS DEEPLY PROCE$ 9FECT$ ) ?OSE HORRID PR9CIPLES ( ,JACOB9ISM :I*1 PROCE$+ FROM ONE EXCESS TO ANO!R1 HAVE MADE ,FRANCE A !AT] ( BLOOD40.<#e#c.> ,HE WAS ALSO AW>E ?AT ! M5 :O HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 ,%AY'S REBELLION 9 ,NEW ,5GL& %ORDY BE=E ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION W]E NOT WILL+ TO BE DUP$ 9TO BELIEV+ ?AT !IR HOPES = A BETT] LIFE W\LD BE REALIZ$ 9 ! GRAVE4 ,!Y DEM&$ ?AT ! WORLD BE %>$ AMONG ! LIV+4 0,! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS1 EV5 9 IMAG9ATION1 >E SU* AS TO MAKE ANY VIRTU\S MAN %UDD]40.<#e#d.> ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON WAS1 ABOVE ALL ELSE1 A VIRTU\S MAN4 

,! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,CONV5TION W]E AS UNREPRES5TATIVE ( ,AM]ICA'S DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION AS ,HAMILTON4 ,MO/ ( !M %>$ ,HAMILTON'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,SOME HAD NO PHILOSOPHY :ATEV]3 !Y ATT5D$ ! ,CONV5TION M]ELY = ! F9ANCIAL PROMISES & P]SONAL GA9 !Y C\LD D]IVE FROM IT4 ,AMONG !M1 ! PHILOSOPHIC >I/OCRAT ,MADISON WAS A RADICAL4 ,& ,MADISON DID1 9 FACT1 JO9 ! OPPOSITION YE>S LAT]--BUT NOT BE=E ! ,CONV5TION'S &1 ESPECIALLY ,HAMILTON'S1 PROGRAM HAD BE5 FULLY C>RI$ \T4 ,A FEW ,DEMOCRATS DID ATT5D ! ,CONV5TION1.<#e#e.> BUT !Y OPPOS$ ITS PROCE$+S1 AS WELL AS ! DOCUM5T ?AT EM]G$4 ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON DID NOT ATT5D ! ,CONV5TION2 HE WAS 9 ,FRANCE4 

,AS A RESULT ( !IR DELIB]ATIONS1 ! SECURITY-HOLD+ MAJORITY AT ! ,CONV5TION1 :O CON/ITUT$ A FRACTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN POPULATION1 DRAFT$ A DOCUM5T :I* GAVE A LEGAL BASIS TO !IR EF=T TO PUT AN 5D TO ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T4 ,AS ,BE>D PO9T$ \T1 0,! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ESS5TIALLY AN ECONOMIC DOCUM5T BAS$ UPON ! CONCEPT ?AT FUNDAM5TAL PRIVATE RI<TS ( PROP]TY >E ANT]IOR TO GOV]NM5T & MORALLY BEYOND ! REA* ( POPUL> MAJORITIES40.<#e#f.> ,BUT ! DRAFT+ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ONLY ! FIR/ GREAT /EP ( ! CAPITALI/ C\P D'ETAT4 ,! FEA/ ( ! SECURITY-HOLD]S1 ?IS ORGY ( 0PAP] & PATRONAGE10 AS ,JOHN ,TAYLOR DESCRIB$ CAPITALISM1 HAD ONLY BEGUN4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION HAD YET TO BE MADE ACCEPTABLE TO ! ,/ATES1 & !N HAD TO BE PUT 9TO PRACTICE1 BE=E ! LABOR & +5UITY ( ! CAPITALI/S W]E REW>D$4 ,A ,MASSA*USETTS NEWSPAP] PUBLI%$ AN ELOQU5T 5UM]ATION ( ! VIRTUES ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,! GR\NDS ON :I* ! DOCUM5T IS H]E DEF5D$ HAVE LITTLE TO DO ) ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA1 ,W9/ANLEY'S 0COMMON TREASURY0 OR ,BABEUF'S ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALS OR ,JEFF]SON'S DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T4 0,IT IS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! M]*ANTS TO 5C\RAGE ! NEW CON/ITUTION1 BECAUSE COMM]CE MAY !N BE A NATIONAL OBJECT1 & NATIONS WILL =M TREATIES ) US4444 ,IT IS ! 9T]E/ ( ALL G5TLEM5 & M5 ( PROP]TY1 BECAUSE !Y WILL SEE MANY L[ DEMAGOGUES R$UC$ TO !IR TOOLS1 :OSE UP/>T DOM9ION 9SULTS !IR FEEL+S1 & :OSE PASSIONS = POPUL>ITY WILL DICTATE LAWS1 :I* RU9 ! M9ORITY ( CR$ITORS & PLEASE ! MAJORITY ( DEBTORS4 ,IT IS ! 9T]E/ ( ! ,AM]ICAN SOLDI] AS ! MILIT>Y PR(ESSION WILL !N BE RESPECTABLE & ,FLORIDA MAY BE CONQU]$ 9 A CAMPAIGN4 ,! SPOILS ( ! ,WE/-,9DIES & ,S\? ,AM]ICA MAY 5RI* ! NEXT G5]ATION ( ,C9C9NATI40.<#e#g.> 

,:5 ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS RATIFI$1 IT WAS NOT BY 0,! ,PEOPLE40 ,ACCORD+ TO ! FIR/ ,*IEF ,JU/ICE ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 ,JOHN ,M>%ALL1 A FIRM SUPPORT] ( ! DOCUM5T1 0EV5 AFT] ! SUBJECT HAD BE5 DISCUSS$ = A CONSID]ABLE TIME1 ! FATE ( ! CON/ITUTION C\LD SC>CELY BE CONJECTUR$2 & SO SMALL 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 WAS ! MAJORITY 9 ITS FAVOR1 AS TO AF=D /RONG GR\ND = ! OP9ION ?AT1 HAD ! 9FLU5CE ( *>ACT] BE5 REMOV$1 ! 9TR9SIC M]ITS ( ! 9/RUM5T W\LD NOT HAVE SECUR$ ITS ADOPTION4 ,9DE$ IT IS SC>CELY TO BE D\BT$ ?AT 9 SOME ( ! ADOPT+ /ATES A MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE W]E 9 ! OPPOSITION4 ,9 ( ALL ( !M1 ! NUM]\S AM5DM5TS :I* W]E PROPOS$ DEMON/RATE ! RELUCTANCE ) :I* ! NEW GOV]NM5T WAS ACCEPT$2 & ?AT A DREAD ( DISMEMB]M5T1 NOT AN APPROBATION ( ! P>TICUL> SY/EM UND] CONSID]ATION1 HAD 9DUC$ AN ACQUIESC5CE 9 IT4444 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A & ,RHODE ,ISL& DID NOT AT FIR/ ACCEPT ! CON/ITUTION1 & ,NEW ,YORK WAS APP>5TLY DRAGG$ 9TO IT BY A REPUGNANCE ( BE+ EXCLUD$ FROM ! CONF$]ACY40.<#e#h.> ,BE>D CONCLUD$ HIS C>EFULLY DOCUM5T$ /UDY ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ) A D5IAL ?AT 0WE ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES0 HAD EV] GIV5 !IR 0UNANIM\S CONS5T0 TO ! DOCUM5T :I* WAS H5CE=? TO SAFEGU>D ! RI<TS ( PROP]TY FROM ! 9TRUSION ( HUMAN LIFE4 0,9 ! RATIFICATION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 AB\T ?REE-F\R?S ( ! ADULT MALES FAIL$ TO VOTE ON ! QUE/ION1 HAV+ AB/A9$ FROM ! ELECTIONS AT :I* DELEGATES TO ! /ATE CONV5TIONS W]E *OS51 EI!R ON ACC\NT ( !IR 9DIFF]5CE OR !IR DISFRAN*ISEM5T BY PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS40 ,!RE IS EV5 D\BT ?AT A MAJORITY ( ! FEW :O VOT$ W]E1 9 ALL /ATES1 9 FAVOR ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 0,IT IS QUE/IONABLE :E!R A MAJORITY ( ! VOT]S P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ELECTIONS = ! /ATE CONV5TIONS 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,MASSA*USETTS1 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE1 ,VIRG9IA1 & ,S\? ,C>OL9A1 ACTUALLY APPROV$ ! RATIFICATION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION40 ,BUT !RE'S NO D\BT AS TO :I* 9T]E/S GAVE !IR UNWAV]+ SUPPORT TO ! DOCUM5T4 0,! LEAD]S :O SUPPORT$ ! ,CON/ITUTION 9 ! RATIFY+ CONV5TIONS REPRES5T$ ! SAME ECONOMIC GR\PS AS ! MEMB]S ( ! ,PHILADELPHIA ,CONV5TION2 & 9 A L>GE NUMB] ( 9/ANCES !Y W]E ALSO DIRECTLY & P]SONALLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! \TCOME ( !IR EF=TS40.<#e#i.> 

,SO ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS DRAFT$ & RATIFI$4 ,! ?IRD & LA/ /EP ( ! ,FA!RS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY ( ,LIFE WAS TO ADOPT & PUT 9TO EFFECT ,HAMILTON'S ECONOMIC PLAN4 ,) ! ADOPTION ( ?IS PROGRAM ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T W\LD 5D1 & NOT EV5 ,JEFF]SON W\LD BE ABLE1 EV5 IF WILL+1 TO CONT9UE IT4 

,9 ! FIR/ GOV]NM5T UND] ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ,WA%+TON WAS ,PRESID5T & ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON WAS ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,TREASURY4 ,! LEGISLATURE WAS COMPOS$1 BY & L>GE1 ( ! SAME M5 :O HAD DRAFT$ & SUPPORT$ ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,FROM HIS PO/ 9 ! ,TREASURY1 ,HAMILTON P]PETRAT$ ! GREATE/ SEQU5CE ( FRAUDS RECORD$ 9 HI/ORY4 ,HAMILTON'S PROGRAM CONSI/$ ( NO?+ LESS ?AN A CAPITALI/ C\P D'ETAT :I*1 AT ONE BL[1 CREAT$ A P[]FUL CAPITALI/ CLASS 9 ,AM]ICA & 9SUR$ ITS P]PETUAL & UN9T]RUPT$ GR[? %ORT ( A SOCIAL UPHEAVAL4 ,! CLASS ?AT WAS TO TAKE UP ! CRY ( ,LAISSEZ ,FAIRE WAS CREAT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T1 MA9TA9$ BY ! GOV]NM5T1 & PROTECT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 

,HAMILTON'S FIR/ FISCAL MEASURE UND] ! NEW GOV]NM5T WAS TO HAVE ! PUBLIC DEBT FUND$ AT FACE VALUE4 ,! =EIGN DEBT AM\NT$ TO @s#a#c MILLION1 [$ MO/LY TO ,BRITI% CAPITALI/S1 & ! DOME/IC DEBT AM\NT$ TO @s#d MILLION1 [$ TO ! SECURITY-HOLD]S4 ,! SECURITIES HAD BE5 B\<T = LESS ?AN FACE VALUE BECAUSE ! DOLL> HAD DET]IORAT$4 ,:5 ! DOLL> DET]IORAT$ EV5 FUR!R1 ! M5 :O HAD ORIG9ALLY L5T MONEY TO ! GOV]NM5T SOLD ! SECURITIES = EV5 LESS4 ,HAMILTON PLANN$ NO?+ %ORT ( PAY+ ! SPECULATORS = ! FACE VALUE ( ! SECURITIES !Y HAD B\<T = NEXT TO NO?+4 ,9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 @s#d MILLION WAS NOT ! TRIFL+ SUM EXP5DABLE ON MILIT>Y BUNGL+ IT HAS S9CE BECOME 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BE>D1 0,! AM\NT GA9$ BY PUBLIC SECURITY HOLD]S ?R\< ! ADOPTION ( ! NEW SY/EM WAS R\<LY EQUIVAL5T TO ! VALUE ( ALL ! L&S AS LI/$ = TAXATION 9 ,CONNECTICUT4 ,IT WAS BUT LITTLE LESS ?AN ! VALUE ( ! L&S 9 ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE1 ,V]MONT1 & ,RHODE ,ISL&4 ,IT WAS AB\T EQUIVAL5T TO ONE-HALF ! VALUE ( ! L&S 9 ,NEW ,YORK & TWO-?IRDS ! VALUE ( ! L&S 9 ,MASSA*USETTS4 

,IT AM\NT$ TO AT LEA/ T5 DOLL>S = EV]Y MAN1 WOMAN1 & *ILD 9 ! :OLE ,UNIT$ ,/ATES FROM ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE TO ,GEORGIA40.<#f.> ,! DI/RIBUTION ( ?AT MU* MONEY AMONG A SMALL GR\P ( M5 MEANT ! CREATION1 AT ONE /ROKE1 ( AN >I/OCRACY ( GREAT WEAL? :I* HAD NOT PREVI\SLY EXI/$4 

,MANY FELT ?AT ! ONLY JU/ SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM W\LD HAVE BE5 TO SEEK A DISCRIM9ATION BETWE5 ORIG9AL HOLD]S & PRES5T HOLD]S ( SECURITIES1 & TO PAY ! ORIG9AL HOLD]S AT FACE VALUE1 BUT TO PAY ! PRES5T HOLD]S 7! SPECULATORS :O HAD NOT ORIG9ALLY L5T MONEY BUT HAD B\<T UP SECURITIES7 AT ! DEPRECIAT$ VALUE1 IF AT ALL4 ,BUT ! ,CONGRESSM5 VOT$ AGA9/ SU* A DISCRIM9ATION1 & NONE WAS MADE2 & IT WILL PROBABLY NEV] BE KN[N H[ MANY MEMB]S ( ! ,FIR/ ,ADM9I/RATION W]E ORIG9AL HOLD]S1 & H[ MANY SPECULATORS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ,HAMILTONIAN FUND+ BILL WAS TO COMMIT ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T TO PAY ! HOLD]S ( PUBLIC SECURITIES1 ! MAJORITY ( :OM HAD NOT L5T ANY?+ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y EF=T1 A SUM F> GREAT] ?AN HAD BE5 LOAN$ BY ! MORE NUM]\S ORIG9AL HOLD]S ( ! SECURITIES4 ,AS ,BE>D PO9T$ \T1 0,IT REQUIRES NO V]Y SUBTLE ANALYSIS TO DISCOV] ?AT ! IMM$IATE B5EFICI>IES ( !SE V>I\S PROPOSALS BY ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,TREASURY W]E ! HOLD]S ( PUBLIC SECURITIES & CAPITALI/S G5]ALLY4 ,A /UDY ( ! ,TREASURY ,BOOKS & ! RECORDS ( F9ANCE ( ! P]IOD 9DICATES ?AT ! GREAT CAPITALI/S W]E ALSO L>GE HOLD]S ( PUBLIC SECURITIES4444 ,! IMM$IATE B5EFICI>IES ( ,HAMILTON'S PLANS W]E QUITE G5]ALLY M]*ANTS1 TRAD]S1 %IPP]S1 & MANUFACTUR]S40.<#f#a.> ,9 %ORT1 A TREM5D\SLY WEAL?Y & P[]FUL CLASS ( CAPITALI/S W\LD BE CREAT$ BY GOV]NM5T FIAT4 

,MOREOV]1 9 ! ,CONGRESS :I* APPROV$ ?IS MEASURE1 0,( ! ?IRTY-FIVE1 TW5TY-ONE W]E /OCKHOLD]S OR DEAL]S 9 ! FUNDS1 & ?REE ( !SE LATT] BANK DIRECTORS & :OSE DEGREE ( ZEAL WAS OBVI\SLY 9 ! RATIO ABOVE /AT$1 AS !IR RELATIVE PR(ITS2 ! BANK DIRECTORS BE+ CONSID]ABLY MORE ACTIVE & ZEAL\S ?AN ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! CORPS40.<#f#b.> ,SU* A ,CONGRESS C\LD H>DLY TAKE ISSUE ) SO AMBITI\S A PROGRAM AS ?IS4 ,HAMILTON KNEW EXACTLY :I* MEMB]S ( ,CONGRESS HELD PUBLIC SECURITIES1 S9CE ! LI/S W]E KEPT 9 ! ,TREASURY ,DEP>TM5T4 ,HE WAS (F]+ !SE SECURITY-HOLD]S A PLAN :I*1 IF !Y APPROV$ IT1 W\LD MAKE !M & !IR K9D EXTREMELY RI* & P[]FUL4 ,C\LD !Y REFUSE8 0,BE+ ON ! GREAT !AT] ( SPECULATION & GA9 & POSSESS$ ( MORE CORRECT 9=MATION1 ) ! MEANS ( TURN+ IT TO BETT] ACC\NT1 WILL !Y AB&ON !IR OCCUPATION & SLI<T ! OPPORTUNITY (F]$ ( BECOM+ ?RIFTY80.<#f#c.> ,AS ,BE>D PO9T$ \T1 !Y !REBY CEAS$ TO ACT AS 0REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEOPLE0 & BECAME REPRES5TATIVES ( NO?+ BUT !IR [N LU/ = GA94 ,BUT C\LD !Y BE CALL$ DI%ONORABLE8 ,H>DLY4 ,HAMILTON WAS AN EXTREMELY HONORABLE MAN4 ,!Y W]E ALL HONORABLE M54 ,!IR HONOR LEFT !M NO O!R C\RSE ( ACTION4 ,!Y W]E ALL HONORABLE M54 ,!IR HONOR LEFT !M NO O!R C\RSE ( ACTION4 ,!Y W]E ALL UND\BT$LY IMBU$ ) ! 0DUE S5SE ( ! SACR$ OBLIGATION ( A JU/ DEBT0 :I* ,HAMILTON DESCRIB$ ON A DIFF]5T OCCASION4 ,JACKSON1 ( ,GEORGIA1 APPEAL$ TO HIS FELL[ ,CONGRESSM54 0,LET US NOT RE> A MONUM5T TO MANK9D ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( PRES]V+ REPUBLICAN MANN]S1 BY AP+ ,EUROPEAN NATIONS & LAY+ ! F\NDATION ( \R GOV]NM5T 9 IMM5SE DEBTS4 ,SIR1 \R T]MS ( S]VICE1 HAPPILY ,I BELIEVE = ! C\NTRY1 >E NE> EXPIR+4 ,WE %ALL RETURN TO ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 & P>TICIPATE 9 ! BURD5S WE IMPOSE4 ,:5 ! COOL H\R ( 9VE/IGATION >RIVES1 HAPPY 9DE$ WILL IT BE = US IF1 AMID ! MURMURS ( AN OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 WE HAVE NOT TO SAY1 9 SELF- CONDEMNATION1 ,I TOO HAVE BE5 GUILTY ( BR++ ?IS LOAD ( FETT]S ON ! PEOPLE4 ,AM]ICA1 SIR1 WILL NOT ALWAYS ?9K AS IS ! FA%ION ( ! PRES5T DAY2 & :5 ! IRON H& ( TYRANNY IS FELT1 D5UNCIATIONS WILL FALL ON ?OSE :O1 BY IMPOS+ ?IS 5ORM\S & 9IQUIT\S DEBT1 WILL BEGG> ! PEOPLE & B9D !M 9 *A9S40.<#f#d.> ,BUT ! CALL W5T UNHE$$1 ! MONUM5T WAS RE>$1 & ! IRON H& FELL4 ,! BILL WAS PASS$1 & ) ITS PASSAGE ! NATION ( M5 ) APPROXIMATELY EQUAL WEAL?1 P[]1 VOICE & CONTROL WAS EXT+UI%$ FROM ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 0,ALAS6 IS IT TRUE1 ?AT AGES >E NECESS>Y TO UND]/&1 :IL/ A MOM5T WILL SUFFICE TO 9V5T1 AN IMPO/URE80.<#f#e.> 

,P]HAPS ! GREATE/ IRONY RELAT$ TO ! FUND+ BILL WAS ! ROLE ,JEFF]SON PLAY$ 9 ITS PASSAGE4 ,JEFF]SON HAD BE5 9 ,FRANCE /UDY+ ! MAK+S ( ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION4 ,HE WAS APPO9T$ ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE ( ! FIR/ ADM9I/RATION1 P>TLY BECAUSE ! EXT5T & DEP? ( HIS DEMOCRATIC LEAN+S WAS NOT KN[N1 & P>TLY BECAUSE HE HAD EXPRESS$ NO OP9ION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,:5 HE HAD RETURN$ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HE WAS IGNORANT ( ! ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ( ! FUND+ BILL4 ,:5 ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,TREASURY TOLD ,JEFF]SON ?AT ! FUND+ BILL WAS DESIGN$ 0= ! NATIONAL GOOD10 ,JEFF]SON BELIEV$ IT4 ,:5 ,HAMILTON TOLD HIM ?AT C]TA9 ,S\!RN ,CONGRESSM5 W]E OPPOS$ TO ! BILL & ?US ?REAT5$ ! UNITY ( ! NATION1 ,JEFF]SON WAS IMPRESS$4 ,:5 ,HAMILTON SUGGE/$ ?AT ,JEFF]SON'S 9FLU5CE1 IF EX]T$ 9 ! PROP] MANN]1 C\LD *ANGE ! VOTES ( !SE ,S\!RN ,CONGRESSM51 ,JEFF]SON LI/5$4 ,:5 ,HAMILTON PROPOS$ ?AT ! ,S\!RN]S W\LD VOTE 9 FAVOR ( ! FUND+ BILL IF !Y W]E PROMIS$1 9 EX*ANGE1 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITAL- CITY W\LD BE LOCAT$ 9 ! ,S\?1 ON ! ,POTOMAC1 ,JEFF]SON AGRE$4 ,)\T ,JEFF]SON'S 9FLU5CE1 ! FUND+ BILL MI<T NOT HAVE PASS$4 ,BUT ,JEFF]SON TALK$ TO ! ,S\!RN]S1 B>GA9$ ) !M1 & ! CAPITAL ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS /ILL TODAY SITUAT$ ON ! ,POTOMAC4 

,JEFF]SON QUICKLY BECAME AW>E ( ! MON/R\S IMPLICATIONS ( ,HAMILTON'S PROGRAM1 BUT HIS REVELATION >RIV$ TOO LATE4 ,HE RESIGN$ FROM HIS PO/ AS ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE4 ,HE WROTE AN ANGRY LETT] TO ,PRESID5T ,WA%+TON4 0,I WAS DUP$ 444 BY ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,TREASURY1 & MADE A TOOL = =W>D+ HIS S*EMES1 NOT !N SUFFICI5TLY UND]/OOD BY ME2 & ( ALL ! ]RORS ( MY POLITICAL LIFE1 ?IS HAS OCCASION$ ME ! DEEPE/ REGRET40'.<#f#f.> ,JEFF]SON D5\NC$ ,HAMILTON1 & HE D5\NC$ ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC PROGRAM4 0,HIS SY/EM FL[$ FROM PR9CIPLES ADV]SE TO LIB]TY1 & WAS CALCULAT$ TO UND]M9E & DEMOLI% ! ,REPUBLIC1 BY CREAT+ AN 9FLU5CE ( HIS DEP>TM5T OV] ! MEMB]S ( ! ,LEGISLATURE4 ,I SAW ?IS 9FLU5CE ACTUALLY PRODUC$1 & ITS FIR/ FRUITS TO BE ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! GREAT \TL9ES ( HIS PROJECT BY ! VOTES ( ! V]Y P]SONS :O1 HAV+ SWALL[$ HIS BAIT1 W]E LAY+ !MSELVES \T TO PR(IT BY HIS PLANS2 & ?AT HAD !SE P]SONS )DRAWN1 AS ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 A QUE/ION EV] %\LD1 ! VOTE ( ! DIS9T]E/$ MAJORITY WAS CLE>LY ! REV]SE ( :AT !Y MADE IT4 ,!SE W]E NO LONG] ! VOTES !N ( ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEOPLE1 BUT ( DES]T]S FROM ! RI<TS & 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE2 & IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO CONSID] !IR DECISIONS1 :I* HAD NO?+ 9 VIEW BUT TO 5RI* !MSELVES1 AS ! MEASURES ( ! FAIR MAJORITY1 :I* \<T ALWAYS TO BE RESPECT$40.<#f#g.> ,BUT NEI!R ,JEFF]SON'S ELOQU5CE NOR HIS 9DIGNATION C\LD ABOLI% AN 5TIRE CLASS ( NEWLY CREAT$ CAPITALI/S4 ,H5CE=?1 NO?+ %ORT ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION W\LD UNDO ,HAMILTON'S +5I\S A*IEVEM5T4 

,! NEXT GREAT MEASURE ( ,HAMILTON'S S*EME CONC]N$ ! ME?OD ( DI/RIBUT+ ! FUNDS TO ! SECURITY-HOLD+ CAPITALI/S4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE HE PROPOS$ ?AT ,CONGRESS %\LD AU?ORIZE ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A NATIONAL BANK4 ,! BANK W\LD HAVE ! RI<T TO ISSUE PAP] MONEY 9 EX*ANGE = ! PUBLIC SECURITIES4 ,ALL ! FUNDS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T W\LD GO 9TO ! BANK4 ,! AGR>IAN ,CONGRESSMAN ,JACKSON1 ( ,GEORGIA1 :O DID NOT HIMSELF HOLD SECURITIES1 PROBABLY DID NOT KN[ ?AT HE WAS ADDRESS+ ! BILL'S DIRECT B5EFICI>IES :5 HE D5\NC$ ! ,BANK ,BILL & TOLD HIS FELL[ ,CONGRESSM5 ?AT IT WAS DESIGN$ TO TAX ! NATION'S POOR 9 ORD] TO SUPPORT ! RI*4 ,! ,ANNALS ( ,CONGRESS REPORTS ,JACKSON'S MESSAGE TO ! 0REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEOPLE0 9 ,CONGRESS ASSEMBL$4 0,?IS PLAN ( A ,NATIONAL ,BANK IS CALCULAT$ TO B5EFIT A SMALL P>T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! M]CANTILE 9T]E/ ONLY2 ! F>M]S1 ! YEOMANRY1 WILL D]IVE NO ADVANTAGE FROM IT2 AS ! BANK BILLS WILL NOT CIRCULATE TO ! EXTREMITIES ( ! ,UNION4 ,HE SAID1 HE HAD NEV] SE5 A BANK BILL 9 ! /ATE ( ,GEORGIA1 NOR WILL !Y EV] B5EFIT ! F>M]S ( ?AT /ATE1 OR ( ,NEW ,HAMP%IRE4444 ,HE URG$ ! UNCON/ITUTIONALITY ( ! PLAN2 CALL$ IT A MONOPOLY1 SU* A ONE AS CONTRAV5ES ! SPIRIT ( ! ,CON/ITUTION2 A MONOPOLY ( A V]Y EXTRAORD9>Y NATURE2 A MONOPOLY ( ! PUBLIC MONEYS = ! B5EFIT ( ! CORPORATION TO BE CREAT$40.<#f#h.> ,JAMES ,MADISON1 PROBABLY ?R\< A LEAK FROM ! ,TREASURY ,DEP>TM5T1 HAD BY ?IS TIME BECOME AW>E ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS BE+ GOV]N$ BY A LEGISLATURE ( SECURITY-HOLD]S1 & NOT BY MAN 9T]E/$ 9 0! REGULATION ( 444 9T]F]+ 9T]E/S40 ,CONSEQU5TLY ,MADISON WAS ABLE TO 9T]PRET ! 5?USIASM ( HIS COLLEAGUES = ! ,BANK ,BILL1 & HE OPPOS$ ITS ADOPTION4 ,YET HIS MA9 >GUM5T AGA9/ ! BILL WAS ! SAME AS ,JACKSON'S3 ?AT IT WAS UNCON/ITUTIONAL4 ,BUT SURELY ,MADISON1 :OSE ,J\RNAL ( ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION'S PROCE$+S IS ! FULLE/ ACC\NT EXTANT1 MU/ HAVE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! SAME M5 HAD EXPRESS$ ! SAME VEHEM5CE DUR+ ! ,CONV5TION4 ,WAS ,MADISON SUGGE/+ ?AT ! M5 AT ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION HAD DRAFT$ A DOCUM5T :I* MI<T BE US$ AGA9/ !IR 9T]E/S8 

,! ,BANK ,BILL WAS PASS$4 ,! SECURITY-HOLD]S :O HAD VOT$ !MSELVES & ! RE/ ( !IR CLASS SU* A L>GE AM\NT ( WEAL? W]E NOT1 AT ?IS PO9T1 TO PREV5T !MSELVES FROM COLLECT+ !IR PRIZE4 ,!Y HAD1 AFT] ALL1 WORK$ LONG & H>D4 ,BUT N[ ?AT !Y HAD COME ?IS F>1 :]E WAS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T TO GET ! MONEY ) :I* TO PAY ! NEWLY 5RI*$ CAPITALI/S8 ,! AM\NT1 AFT] ALL1 WAS GREAT] ?AN ALL ! L&S 9 SOME /ATES4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 ! ,CON/ITUTION CAME TO ! AID ( ITS AU?ORS4 ,UND] ! ,>TICLES ( ! ,CONF$]ATION1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T DID NOT HAVE ! P[] TO COLLECT TAXES4 ,?IS P[] HAD BE5 RES]V$ TO ! /ATES4 ,EA* /ATE1 IF ! MAJORITY ( ITS CITIZ5S DESIR$1 C\LD CANCEL A DEBT 9CURR$ UND] DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES1 ESPECIALLY IF ! ORIG9AL L5D]S HAD CEAS$ TO EXPECT REIMBURSEM5T & HAD SOLD OR ?R[N AWAY !IR SECURITY- NOTES4 ,SU* A CANCELLATION W\LD BE 9JURI\S ONLY TO ?OSE SPECULATORS :O HAD B\<T A MONOPOLY ( SU* NOTES1 :]EAS ! ASSUMPTION ( SU* A DEBT W\LD MEAN H>D%IP TO A L>GE SECTOR ( ! POPULATION4 ,! PR9CIPLE ( SU* A CANCELLATION IS ?AT ! WELLBE+ ( PEOPLE IS F> MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! 9VIOLABILITY ( CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS4 ,! DRAFT]S ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 H[EV]1 HAD A GREAT DEAL ( =ESI<T4 ,9 ! MI/S ( ALL ! ,LEGISLATIVE1 ,EXECUTIVE & ,JUDICIAL MATT]1 !Y HAD WRITT5 ! FOLL[+ PROVISIONS 9TO !IR DOCUM5T1 PROVISIONS :I* BECAME ! LAW ( ! L&4 

0,A,J#a DEBTS CONTRACT$ & 5GAGEM5TS 5T]$ 9TO1 BE=E ! ADOPTION ( ?IS ,CON/ITUTION1 %ALL BE AS VALID AGA9/ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES UND] ?IS ,CON/ITUTION1 AS UND] ! ,CONF$]ATION40 7,>TICLE ,V,I1 #a47 

0,! ,CONGRESS %ALL HAVE ! P[] 

,TO LAY & COLLECT TAXES1 DUTIES1 IMPO/S1 & EXCISES1 

TO PAY ! DEBTS & PROVIDE = ! COMMON 

DEF5SE & G5]AL WELF>E ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 444 

,TO CO9 MONEY1 REGULATE ! VALUE !RE(444 

,TO RAISE & SUPPORT >MIES 444 

,TO PROVIDE & MA9TA9 A NAVY 444 

,TO PROVIDE = CALL+ =? ! MILITIA TO EXECUTE ! 

LAWS ( ! ,UNION1 SUPPRESS 9SURRECTIONS4440 

7,>TICLE ,I1 ,SEC4 #h7 

,! DEBT HAD ALREADY BE5 R5D]$ 0VALID40 ,! BANK TO 0CO9 MONEY1 REGULATE ! VALUE !RE(0 HAD BE5 CREAT$4 ,! TIME HAD COME TO COLLECT ! MONEY ) :I* TO PAY ! SECURITY-HOLD]S1 & ,HAMILTON SUGGE/$ AN EXCISE TAX ON :ISKEY4 ,S9CE :ISKEY WAS MADE & CONSUM$ PR$OM9ANTLY BY POOR F>M]S1 ?IS TAX MEANT ?AT POOR FANN]S W\LD BE TAX$ TO SUPPORT ! SPECULATORS4 0,!SE TAXES WILL BE> HEAVILY BO? ON AGRICULTURE & COMM]CE4 ,IT WILL BE *>G+ ! ACTIVE & 9DU/RI\S CITIZ51 :O PAYS HIS %>E ( ! TAXES1 TO PAY ! 9DOL5T & IDLE CR$ITOR :O RECEIVES !M 444 ,?US ! HONE/1 H>D WORK+ P>T ( ! COMMUNITY WILL PROMOTE ! EASE & LUXURY ( M5 ( WEAL?2 SU* A SY/EM MAY B5EFIT L>GE CITIES1 LIKE ,PHILADELPHIA & ,NEW ,YORK1 BUT ! REMOTE P>TS ( ! CONT95T WILL NOT FEEL ! 9VIGORAT+ W>M? ( ! ,AM]ICAN TREASURY2 9 ! PROPORTION ?AT IT B5EFITS ONE1 IT WILL DEPRESS ANO!R40.<#f#i.> 

,BUT N[1 AFT] SEV5 YE>S ( UN9T]RUPT$ FEA/1 ! SECURITY-HOLD- + ,F$]ALI/S 9 ,CONGRESS RAN 9TO !IR FIR/ S]I\S DIFFICULTIES4 ,! TR\BLE %OCK$ MANY1 BUT HAD LONG BE5 ANTICIPAT$ BY ,HAMILTON4 ,! 9DIGNATION EXPRESS$ BY ,JEFF]SON'S CRY1 0,I WAS DUP$ 444 BY ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,TREASURY10 SPREAD TO ! HE>TS ( HIS C\NTRYM54 ,BUT S9CE !Y W]E NOT ,SECRET>IES ( ,/ATE1 !Y C\LD NOT RESIGN2 & S9CE !Y HAD SL[LY BECOME AW>E ?AT ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON WAS ! LIV+ MONUM5T BEH9D :I* ,HAMILTONIAN CAPITALISM FUNCTION$1 !Y DID NOT ?9K WRIT+ ,WA%+TON A LETT] W\LD BE V]Y EFFECTIVE4 ,9 #a#g#i#d1 A GR\P ( DISAFFECT$ CITIZ5S MET 9 ,ALLE<ANY ,C\NTY1 ,P5NSYLVANIA4 ,!Y PASS$ A RESOLUTION1 9 :I* !Y DECL>$3 0,WE HAVE OBS]V$ ) GREAT PA91 ?AT \R C\NCILS WANT ! 9TEGRITY OR SPIRIT ( ,REPUBLICANS4 ,?IS WE ATTRIBUTE TO ! P]NICI\S 9FLU5CE ( ! /OCK-HOLD]S OR !IR SUBORD9ATES2 & \R M9DS FEEL ?IS ) SO MU* 9DIGNACY1 ?AT WE >E ALMO/ READY TO WI% = A /ATE ( REVOLUTION1 & ! GUILLOT9E ( ,FRANCE = A %ORT SPACE1 9 ORD] TO 9FLICT PUNI%M5T ON ! MISCREANTS ?AT 5]VATE & DISGRACE \R ,GOV]NM5T40.<#g.> ,A REVOLT BROKE \T4 ,& ! ,P5NSYLVANIANS F\ND \T1 TO !IR GREAT AMAZEM5T1 ?AT ! HI<LY PRAIS$ ,CON/ITUTION HAD NOT BE5 DRAFT$ 0= ! PEOPLE40 ,9 FACT1 ! ,CON/ITUTION'S MILIT>Y PROVISIONS SEEM$ TO LEAVE OP5 ! ABSURD POSSIBILITY ?AT ! >MY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES C\LD BE TURN$ AGA9/ ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,A TEXTBOOK ON ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY GIVES A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ( DIE \TCOME ( ! 0,:ISKEY ,REBELLION40 0.<,HAMILTON.> WAS WILL+ TO SEE ! TAX COLLECT$ BY =CE SO ?AT ! OPPON5TS ( ! GOV]NM5T C\LD BE TAU<T ?AT !Y MU/ OBEY ! NATION'S LAWS :E!R !Y LIK$ !M OR NOT4444 ',I'HE ATTEMPT TO 5=CE ! EXCISE TAX SOON BR\<T ON ! TR\BLE ?AT ,HAMILTON HAD =ESE54 ,! *IEF C5T] ( OPPOSITION LAY 9 ! ,PITTSBUR< >EA1 :]E B&S ( ',:ISKEY ,BOYS' RAID$ /ILLS ?AT PAID ! TAX1 H&L$ R\<LY ! TAX COLLECTORS1 & SUCCESSFULLY NULLIFI$ ! LAW 9 A NUMB] ( WE/]N C\NTIES4444 ,WA%+TON N[ CALL$ \T FIFTE5 ?\S& /ATE MILITIA FROM ! /ATES ( ,VIRG9IA1 ,M>YL&1 & ,P5NSYLVANIA1 & ORD]$ !M TO M>* TO ! SC5E ( ! TR\BLE4 ,AS ! TROOPS APPROA*$ !IR DE/9ATION1 ! 5?USIASM ( ! REBELS ABAT$ 444 BUT ! RESID5TS ( WE/]N ,P5NSYLVANIA & MANY O!R FRONTI] >EAS W]E A<A/ AT ! P[ ] ! ,F$]ALI/S 9 CONTROL ( ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T HAD *OS5 TO WIELD4440.<#g#a.> ,TW5TY YE>S LAT]1 ! AGR>IAN PHILOSOPH] ,JOHN ,TAYLOR SUMM>IZ$ ! ,HAMILTONIAN SEQU5CE4 0,A LEGISLATURE1 9 A NATION :]E ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE PREVAILS1 WILL BE GOV]N$ BY ?AT 9T]E/1 & LEGISLATE 9 ITS FAVOR4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DO ?IS1 )\T LEGISLAT+ TO ! 9JURY ( ! O!R 9T]E/1 ?AT IS1 ! GREAT MASS ( ! NATION4 ,SU* A LEGISLATURE WILL CREATE UNNECESS>Y (FICES1 ?AT !MSELVES OR !IR RELATIONS MAY BE 5D[$ ) !M4 ,!Y WILL LAVI% ! REV5UE1 TO 5RI* !MSELVES4 ,!Y WILL BORR[ = ! NATION1 ?AT !Y MAY L5D4 ,!Y WILL (F] L5D]S GREAT PR(ITS1 ?AT !Y MAY %>E 9 !M4 ,AS GRIEVANCES GRADUALLY EXCITE NATIONAL DISCONT5T1 !Y WILL FIX ! YOKE MORE SECURELY1 BY MAK+ IT GRADUALLY HEAVI]4 ,& !Y WILL F9ALLY AV[ & MA9TA9 !IR CORRUPTION1 BY E/ABLI%+ AN IRRESI/IBLE /&+ >MY1 NOT TO DEF5D ! NATION1 BUT TO DEF5D A SY/EM = PLUND]+ ! NATION40.<#g#b.> 

 "9"9"9 

,O1 WOND]6 

,H[ MANY GOODLY CREATURES >E !RE H]E6 

,H[ BEAUTE\S MANK9D IS6 ,O BRAVE NEW WORLD1 

,?AT HAS SU* PEOPLE 9'T6 

,*>LES ,BE>D'S /UDY ( ?IS TURN+ PO9T 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY1 :I* HI/ORIANS HAVE TRI$ SO H>D TO =GET1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#a#c4 ,A C5TURY BE=E ,BE>D1 H[EV]1 A MU* MORE IMM$IATE & PA9FUL ANALYSIS ( ! P]IOD WAS UND]TAK54 ,?IS WAS ,AN ,9QUIRY 9TO ! ,PR9CIPLES & ,POLICY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BY ,JOHN ,TAYLOR ( ,C>OL9E ,C\NTY1 ,VIRG9IA4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BE>D1 ?IS BOOK 0DES]VES TO RANK AMONG ! TWO OR ?REE REALLY HI/ORIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO POLITICAL SCI5CE :I* HAVE BE5 PRODUC$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES40.<#g#c.> ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD F\<T 9 ! REVOLUTION & HAD %>$ ITS DEMOCRATIC IDEALS2 HE HAD S]V$ 9 ! ,VIRG9IA LEGISLATURE AS WELL AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,CONGRESS2 & HE HAD PA9FULLY WAT*$ ,HAMILTON & HIS B5EFICI>IES 9SCRIBE ! REVOLUTION'S IDEAL ON A GRAVE/ONE4 ,TAYLOR WAS A P]SONAL FRI5D ( ,JAMES ,MADISON AS WELL AS ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON4 ,! POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC !ORIES ( ,JEFF]SON >E KN[N ONLY FROM FRAGM5TS & LETT]S1 S9CE ,JEFF]SON NEV] WROTE A SY/EMATIC TREATISE :I* EXPRESS$ HIS VIEWS4 ,H[EV]1 ,JEFF]SON CONSID]$ ,TAYLOR'S WORK TO BE AN EXPRESSION ( HIS [N VIEWS1 & SAID ?AT 0,TAYLOR & HE HAD NEV] DIFF]$ ON ANY POLITICAL PR9CIPLE ( IMPORTANCE40.<#g#d.> ,?US ,TAYLOR HAS BE5 CALL$ 0! ,PHILOSOPH] ( ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY40.<#g#e.> 

,?\< ,TAYLOR WAS A DEMOCRAT 9 HIS !ORY1 HE WAS NOT ONE 9 HIS PRACTICE4 ,HE M>RI$ 9TO WEAL? & WAS1 LIKE ,JEFF]SON1 ONE ( ! L>GE PLANTATION [N]S ( ,VIRG9IA4 ,HE DID NOT1 H[EV]1 CLAIM ?AT HIS IDEALS DESCRIB$ HIS [N WAY ( LIFE4 ,9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ,AM]ICANS W]E MU* MORE RELUCTANT ?AN !Y >E TODAY TO PUBLI% RATIONALIZATIONS ( !IR PRIVILEGES & FE>S4 ,TAYLOR WAS WELL AW>E ( ! 9COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 HIS HABITS & HIS BELIEFS4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT HE DID NOT ADJU/ ! TWO %\LD BE HELD AGA9/ HIS P]SON & NOT AGA9/ HIS !ORY4 ,ONE %\LD P]HAPS NOT JUDGE ,TAYLOR TOO H>%LY = ?IS 9COMPATIBILITY3 IF M5 COMMONLY ADJU/$ !IR WORLDLY SITUATIONS TO !IR MORAL IDEALS1 ,BUDDHA & ,G&HI W\LD NOT BE AS WELL KN[N AS !Y >E4 ,H[EV]1 IF A G5]AL WRITES A BURN+ CRITIQUE ( MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP1 ! FACT ?AT ! AU?OR IS A G5]AL %\LD NOT DET] ONE FROM READ+ ! WORK1 ?\< ONE W\LD BE WELL-ADVIS$ TO BE W>Y ( A G5]AL'S PROMISE TO PREV5T MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP4 ,& SURELY IT C\LD NOT BE >GU$ ?AT BECAUSE ,5GELS WAS A CAPITALI/1 HE !RE=E EXPRESS$ ! ASPIRATIONS ( CAPITALI/S4 ,AS ,TAYLOR HIMSELF SAID1 0,A DESPOT MAY CONDEMN TYRANNY2 A SOLDI] MAY CONDEMN /&+ >MIES2 & A /OCK-JOBB] MAY CONDEMN PAP] SY/EMS4 ,9 REASON+ BOLDLY AGA9/ ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 NO PRIVATE REPUTATION IS ATTACK$1 MORE ?AN ?AT ( ,M>CUS ,AURELIUS W\LD BE1 BY REASON+ AGA9/ DESPOTISM2 OR ,WA%+TON'S1 BY REASON+ AGA9/ /&+ >MIES4444 ,V]ACITY 9 T]MS CANNOT BE C5SURABLE1 IF V]ACITY 9 MATT] IS 5TITL$ TO APPROBATION4 ,! DIS*>GE ( A DUTY1 CANNOT REQUIRE AN APOLOGY1 & )\T MAK+ ONE1 ,I WILL PROCE$40.<#g#f.> ,P]HAPS ONLY AN UNPRIVILEG$1 PROP]TYLESS OBS]V] C\LD WRITE A TRULY S9C]E CRITIQUE ( PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY1 BUT SU* A MAN W\LD H>DLY WRITE1 & IF HE DID WRITE1 HIS WORK C\LD ONLY TOO EASILY BE DISMISS$ AS ! RANT ( AN 5VI\S LUNATIC4 ,TAYLOR CANNOT BE SO EASILY DISMISS$2 S9CE HE WAS HIMSELF A MEMB] ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 HE IS C]TA9LY WELL 9=M$ ON ! SUBJECT ( PRIVILEGE1 & CAN H>DLY BE CALL$ 5VI\S4 

,= ,TAYLOR1 ! GREATE/ TRAG$Y ( ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION & ITS CAPITALI/ AFT]MA? WAS ?AT ! ,AM]ICANS1 :O W]E SO P]CEPTIVE1 SO ADEPT AT UNVEIL+ ! DECEPTIONS ( ! FEUDAL >I/OCRACY1 %\LD SO MEEKLY HAVE SUBMITT$ TO ! DECEPTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ >I/OCRACY4 0,WE PITY ! ANCI5TS = !IR DULLNESS 9 DISCOV]+ OPPRESSIONS1 SO CLE>LY SE5 BY \RSELVES N[ ?AT !Y >E EXPLOD$4 ,WE MOD]NS2 WE 5LI<T5$ ,AM]ICANS2 WE :O HAVE ABOLI%$ HI]>*Y & TITLE2 & WE :O >E SUBMITT+ TO BE TAX$ & 5SLAV$ BY PATRONAGE & PAP]1 )\T BE+ DELUD$ OR T]RIFI$ BY ! PROMISE ( HEAV51 ! D5UNCIATION ( HELL1 ! P5ALTIES ( LAW1 ! BRILLIANCY & G5]OSITY ( NOBILITY1 OR ! PAGEANTRY & *>ITY ( SUP]/ITION4 

0,A SPELL IS PUT UPON \R UND]/&+S BY ! WORDS 'PUBLICK FAI? & NATIONAL CR$IT1' :I* FASC9ATES US 9TO AN OP9ION1 ?AT FRAUD1 CORRUPTION & OPPRESSION1 CON/ITUTE NATIONAL CR$IT2 & DEBT & SLAV]Y1 PUBLICK FAI?4 ,?IS DELUSION ( ! >I/OCRACY ( ! PRES5T AGE1 IS NOT LESS APP>5T1 ?AN ! ANCI5T DIV9ITY ( K+S1 & YET IT REQUIR$ ! LABORS ( ,LOCKE & ,SYDNEY TO DETECT ?AT RIDICUL\S IMPO/URE40.<#g#g.> 

,YET ! ,AM]ICANS1 ) !IR WIDESPREAD $UCATION1 !IR KN[L$GE ( NATURE1 !IR SECUL> \TLOOK1 HAD F> LESS GR\ND TO BE DECEIV$ ?AN ! ANCI5TS4 0,LET US MOD]NS CEASE TO BOA/ ( \R VICTORY OV] SUP]/ITION & ! FEUDAL SY/EM1 & \R ADVANCEM5T 9 KN[L$GE4 ,LET US NEI!R PITY1 RIDICULE OR DESPISE ! ANCI5TS1 AS DUPES ( FRAUDS & TRICKS1 :I* WE CAN SO EASILY DISC]N2 LE/ SOME ANCI5T SAGE %\LD RISE FROM HIS GRAVE1 & ANSW]4 ',Y\ MOD]NS >E DUP$ BY >TS MORE OBVI\SLY FRAUDUL5T1 ?AN ?OSE :I* DECEIV$ US4 ,! AG5CY ( ! ,GODS WAS LESS DISC]NIBLE1 ?AN ! EFFECTS ( PAP] & PATRONAGE4 ,WE C\LD NOT SEE1 ?AT ! TEMPORAL & ET]NAL PA9S & PLEASURES1 ?REAT5$ & PROMIS$ BY \R >I/OCRACY1 C\LD NOT BE 9FLICT$ OR BE/[$ BY IT2 Y\ SEE ?R\<\T ,EUROPE ! EFFECTS ( Y\R >I/OCRACY4 ,)\T Y\R LI<T1 ORACLES W]E NECESS>Y TO DECEIVE US2 ) ! HELP ( PR9T+1 & TWO DETECTIONS1 Y\ >E DECEIV$ BY >I/OCRACY 9 A ?IRD =M1 AL?\< IT PRET5DS NEI!R TO ! DIV9ITY NOR H]OISM CLAIM$ BY ITS TWO FIR/ =MS4 ,& UND] !SE DISADVANTAGES1 ! IMPOSITIONS ( \R >I/OCRACY W]E RE/RA9$ )9 N>R[] B\NDS ?AN ?OSE ( Y\RS4 ,DID ANY >I/OCRACY ( ! FIR/ AGE1 EXT5D ITS ANNUAL SPOILATION FROM ONE TO ?IRTY-FIVE MILLIONS ( P\NDS /]L+1 9 LESS ?AN A C5TURY8'0.<#g#h.> 

,! ,AM]ICANS W]E NOT ONLY BETT] EQUIPP$ ?AN ! ANCI5TS TO UNVEIL DECEPTION & RECOGNIZE OPPRESSION4 ,ONLY A FEW YE>S BE=E !Y SUBMITT$ TO ! SY/EM ( 0PAP] & PATRONAGE10 !Y HAD F\<T A W> TO ABOLI% ?AT V]Y OPPRESSION :5 IT WAS IMPOS$ ON !M AT ! H& ( ,BRITI% CAPITALI/S4 0,IT IS /RANGE1 ?AT IT IS SO DIFFICULT TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 HONE/ & FRAUDUL5T TAXES1 IMPOS$ BY A M9OR 9T]E/ ON ! PUBLICK 9T]E/1 & SO EASY TO DISC]N ! REAL DESIGN ( TAXES IMPOS$ BY ONE NATION UPON ANO!R4 ,9 ! LATT] CASE1 MONOPOLY IS CLE>LY UND]/OOD TO BE AN 9DIRECT MODE ( TAXATION4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES KN[1 ?AT ! MONOPOLY ( !IR COMM]CE BY ! ,5GLI%1 WAS A TRIBUTE2 BUT !Y REFUSE TO KN[1 ?AT ! MONOPOLY ( A CIRCULAT+ M$IUM BY BANK+1 IS ALSO A TRIBUTE4 ,USELESS (FICES1 E/ABLI%$ H]E BY ! ,5GLI% GOV]NM5T1 W]E CLE>LY P]CEIV$ TO BE A TRIBUTE2 BUT USELESS (FICES E/ABLI%$ BY \R [N GOV]NM5T >E D5I$ TO BE SO4 ,PRETEXTS = TAXATION 9V5T$ BY ,5GL&1 W]E DETECT$ BY DULLNESS H]SELF2 BUT PRETEXTS 9V5T$ AT HOME1 SEEM TO DECEIVE ! KE5E/ P5ETRATION4 

0,& YET CORRECT REASON+ MU/ CONCLUDE1 ?AT IF ONE NATION1 BY MEANS ( A MONOPOLY1 CAN IMPOV]I% ANO!R2 A COMB9ATION OR CORPORATE BODY1 MAY ALSO IMPOV]I% ! RE/ ( A NATION1 BY ! SAME MEANS4 ,?AT A MONOPOLY :I* 5RI*ES1 WILL CORRESPOND5TLY IMPOV]I%1 UNLESS IT PRODUCES OR CREATES2 ?AT IF ,BRITA9 POSSESS$ ! PRIVILEGE ( FURNI%+ ,AM]ICA ) BANK PAP]1 AT ! ANNUAL PR(IT ( EI<T P] C5TUM1 IT W\LD HAVE CON/ITUT$ A TAX1 5RI*+ ,BRITA9 & IMPOV]I%+ ,AM]ICA--CO-EXT5SIVELY ) H] =M] COMM]CIAL MONOPOLY2 ?AT IF ?IS PRIVILEGE W\LD HAVE 5RI*$ ! ,5GLI% AT \R EXP5SE1 IT MU/ ALSO EQUALLY 5RI* /OCKHOLD]S1 AT ! EXP5SE ( ?OSE :O >E NOT /OCKHOLD]S2 ?AT IF NATIONAL 9DIG5CE IS GRADUALLY PRODUC$ BY A SUBJECTION TO A =EIGN MONOPOLY1 ! 9DIG5CE ( ! MASS ( ! NATION1 WILL BE PRODUC$ BY A DOME/ICK MONOPOLY1 PR(ITABLE1 BUT UNPRODUCTIVE2 & ?AT IF A NATION HAS A MORAL RI<T TO LIB]ATE ITSELF FROM AN 9DIRECT TRIBUTE TO ANO!R NATION1 IT HAS ALSO A MORAL RI<T TO LIB]ATE ITSELF FROM A SIMIL> TRIBUTE TO A DOME/ICK COMB9ATION2 UNLESS IT IS A MORAL DUTY H]OICALLY TO )/& EVILS IMPOS$ BY =EIGN]S1 = ! PURPOSE ( P5IT5TIALLY EMBRAC+ !M :5 IMPOS$ BY NATIVES40.<#g#i.> 

,P]HAPS ! ,AM]ICANS W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 SO EASILY DUP$ IF ! NEW >I/OCRACY HAD AV[$ ITS TRUE PURPOSE FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 HAD ADMITT$ TO ! NATION ?AT IT 9T5D$ TO CONSOLIDATE 9TO ONE CLASS NOT ONLY ALL ! PRIVILEGES H]ET(ORE 5JOY$ BY K+S & NOBLEM51 PRIE/S & CONQU]ORS1 BUT ALSO AN ADD$ FL\RI% ( NEV]-5D+ ACCUMULATION ( WEAL?4 0,S9C]ITY DEM&$ 444 ! FOLL[+ CONFESSION3 ',\R PURPOSE IS TO SETTLE WEAL? & P[] UPON A M9ORITY4 ,IT WILL BE ACCOMPLI%$ BY NATIONAL DEBT1 PAP] CORPORATIONS1 & (FICES1 CIVIL & MILIT>Y4 ,!SE WILL COND5SE K+1 LORDS & COMMONS1 A MONEY$ FACTION1 & AN >M$ FACTION1 9 ONE 9T]E/4 ,?IS 9T]E/ MU/ SUBSI/ UPON ANO!R1 OR P]I%4 ,! O!R 9T]E/ IS NATIONAL1 TO GOV]N & PILF] :I*1 IS \R OBJECT2 & ITS ACCOMPLI%M5T CONSI/S 9 GETT+ ! UTMO/ A NATION CAN PAY4 ,SU* A /ATE ( SUCCESS CAN ONLY BE MA9TA9$ BY >MIES1 TO BE PAID BY ! NATION1 & COMM&$ BY ?IS M9ORITY2 BY CORRUPT+ TAL5TS & C\RAGE2 BY T]RIFY+ TIMIDITY2 BY 9FLICT+ P5ALTIES ON ! WEAK & FRI5DLESS1 & BY DI/RACT+ ! MAJORITY ) DECEITFUL PR(ESSIONS4 ,?AT ) :I* \R PROJECT COMM5CES1 IS 9V>IABLY A PROMISE TO GET A NATION \T ( DEBT2 BUT ! 9V>IABLE EFFECT ( IT IS1 TO PLUNGE IT IRRETRIEVABLY 9TO DEBT4'0.<#h.> ,BUT SU* A CONFESSION WAS H>DLY TO BE EXPECT$4 0,ALL POLITICAL OPPRESSORS DECEIVE1 9 ORD] TO SUCCE$4 ,:5 DID AN >I/OCRACY AV[ ITS PURPOSE80.<#h#a.> 

,M5 W]E OV]:ELM$ BY ! UNIMAG9$ WEAL? ( ! 0UNDISCOV]$ CONT95T10 & SP5T !IR TIME & 5]GY ACCUMULAT+ IT & KILL+ ! CONT95T'S PREVI\S 9HABITANTS4 ,& ! 9/ITUTIONS ( 0PAP] & PATRONAGE10 ( L&LORDS & CR$ITORS & RI* CAPITALI/S1 W]E NEI!R CURB$ NOR \TLAW$2 9/EAD !Y W]E ALL[$ TO SPREAD & TO 9FE/ ) A NEW MA/]-SLAVE >RANGEM5T ! SOCIETY 9 :I* DEMOCRACY WAS TO BE CREAT$4 ,A QUICKLY %IFT+ SOCIAL CONTEXT1 C\PL$ ) ! DET]M9$ OPPOSITION ( M5 :O HAD PRIVILEGES TO LOSE & WEAL? TO GA91 WAS NOT SU* AN IDEAL WORK%OP = ! ,GREAT ,EXP]IM5T AFT] ALL4 ,H>RI$ !ORI/S & AMBITI\S POLITICIANS GAVE UP ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL BE=E IT HAD EV5 ACQUIR$ A HI/ORY4 ,! ,AM]ICANS HAVE ALWAYS BE5 A V]Y BUSY PEOPLE4 ,9 ,TAYLOR'S TIME !Y W]E SO BUSY CONC5TRAT+ !IR EF=TS ON ! ABOLITION ( REAL & IMAG9>Y TYRANNIES ?AT !Y OV]LOOK$ ! ONE TYRANNY :I* WAS TO 5?RALL$ !M & ROB !M ( ! ONE TASK :OSE FULFILLM5T MI<T HAVE E>N$ !M A PLACE ( HONOR 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 0,! ,AM]ICANS DEVOT$ !IR EFFECTUAL PRECAUTIONS TO ! OBSOLETE MODES ( TITLE & HI]>*Y1 ]ECT$ SEV]AL B>RI]S AGA9/ ! >MY MODE1 & UTT]LY DISREG>D$ ! MODE ( PAP] & PATRONAGE40.<#h#b.> ,SU* AN UTT] DISREG>D1 WROTE ,TAYLOR1 WAS COMPLETELY UNW>RANT$4 0,?IS JEAL\SY ( >MIES1 & CONFID5CE 9 PAP] SY/EMS1 CAN ONLY BE JU/IFI$ IF ! FOLL[+ >GUM5T 9 ITS DEF5SE IS CORRECT4 

'0,AN >MY ( SOLDI]S HAVE A SEP>ATE 9T]E/ FROM ! NATION1 BECAUSE !Y DRAW !IR SUBSI/5CE FROM IT1 & !RE=E !Y WILL COMB9E = !IR [N 9T]E/ AGA9/ ! NATIONAL 9T]E/2 BUT AN >MY ( /OCKJOBB]S HAVE NO SU* SEP>ATE 9T]E/1 & WILL NOT COMB9E4 ,SOLDI]S ADMITT$ 9TO ! LEGISLATURE1 W\LD LEGISLATE 9 FAVOR ( SOLDI]S2 BUT /OCKJOBB]S WILL NOT LEGISLATE 9 FAVOR ( /OCKJOBB]S4 ,SOLDI]S MAY USE \R >MS TO TAKE \R MONEY2 BUT /OCKJOBB]S CANNOT USE \R MONEY TO TAKE \R >MS4 ,SOLDI]S MAY ADH]E TO A *IEF 9 PREF]5CE TO ! NATION1 AS AN 9/RUM5T = GRATIFY+ !IR AV>ICE & AMBITION UPON ! NATION2 BUT /OCKJOBB]S HAVE NO AV>ICE NOR AMBITION TO BE GRATIFI$1 & WILL NOT !RE=E ADH]E TO A *IEF = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,SOLDI]S >E DANG]\S1 BECAUSE !Y ASSAIL ! LIB]TY ( A NATION BY OP5 =CE2 /OCKJOBB]S H>MLESS1 BECAUSE !Y DO IT BY SECRET FRAUD4 ,ALL >E JEAL\S ( SOLDI]S1 & !RE=E !Y WILL NOT BE WAT*$2 FEW >E JEAL\S ( /OCKJOBB]S1 & !RE=E !Y WILL BE WAT*$4 ,MANY 9/ANCES HAVE OCCURR$ ( ! OPPRESSIONS BY ! >MY SY/EM2 ONE 9/ANCE ONLY ( A P]FECT CAPACITY 9 ! PAP] SY/EM = OPPRESSION CAN BE ADDUC$2 & AS ?AT HAS LA/$ ONLY A S+LE C5TURY1 IT W\LD BE PRECIPITATE TO DETECT & DE/ROY ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 9 LESS TIME ?AN WAS REQUISITE TO DETECT & DE/ROY ?OSE ( SUP]/ITION & ! FEUDAL SY/EM4'0.<#h#c.> ,IF ! 0PAP] SY/EM0 WAS A C5TURY OLD :5 ,TAYLOR WROTE1 IT IS N[ TWO & A HALF C5TURIES OLD4 ,TAYLOR W\LD NOT BE V]Y HAPPY IF HE KNEW ?AT ! ,AM]ICANS HAVE /ILL NOT DE/ROY$ ! 0>I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE02 HE W\LD BE EV5 LESS HAPPY IF HE KNEW ?AT !IR ADH]5CE TO ! 0MODE ( PAP] & PATRONAGE0 HAS CAUS$ ,AM]ICANS TO DE/ROY ! 0SEV]AL B>RI]S AGA9/ ! >MY MODE & EV5 TO RESURRECT 0! OBSOLETE MODES ( TITLE & HI]>*Y40 

 "9"9"9 

,ANO!R MAN :OSE !ORIES REPUDIAT$ ! RE-9TRODUCTION ( PRIVILEGE TO ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T1 :OSE POSITION MADE HIM ! SYMBOL & SPOKESMAN ( A WIDESPREAD DEMOCRATIC SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 :OSE NAME WAS SYNONYM\S ) DEMOCRACY AMONG HIS C\NTRYM51 WAS ELECT$ ?IRD PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT 0,NO GOV]NM5T CAN CONT9UE GOOD1 BUT UND] ! CONTROL ( ! PEOPLE40.<#h#d.> ,HE EXPRESS$ GREAT HOPES = ! ,AM]ICAN EXP]IM5T4 0,WE HAVE *ANC$ TO LIVE 9 AN AGE :I* WILL PROBABLY BE DI/+UI%$ 9 HI/ORY1 = ITS EXP]IM5TS 9 GOV]NM5T ON A L>G] SCALE ?AN HAS YET TAK5 PLACE40.<#h#e.> ,HE HAD OBS]V$ & /UDI$ ?IRTE5 YE>S ( UNBROK5 BETRAYAL ( ! REVOLUTION'S AIMS4 ,YET :5 HE WAS ELECT$ BY M5 :O /ILL TOOK HIS IDEALS S]I\SLY1 :5 HE WAS *>G$ ) UNDO+ ! CRIME ( SELF- SEEK+ M51 HIS GOALS BECAME PITIFULLY LIMIT$1 HIS DREAMS DIM9I%$4 0,:5 ?IS GOV]NM5T WAS FIR/ E/ABLI%$1 IT WAS POSSIBLE TO HAVE KEPT IT GO+ ON TRUE PR9CIPLES1 BUT ! CONTRACT$1 ,5GLI%1 HALF-LETT]$ IDEAS ( ,HAMILTON1 DE/ROY$ ?AT HOPE 9 ! BUD4 ,WE CAN PAY (F HIS DEBTS 9 #ae YE>S3 BUT WE CAN NEV] GET RID ( HIS F9ANCIAL SY/EM4 ,IT MORTIFIES ME TO BE /R5G!N+ PR9CIPLES :I* ,I DEEM RADICALLY VICI\S1 BUT ?IS VICE IS 5TAIL$ ON US BY ! FIR/ ]ROR4 ,9 O!R P>TS ( \R GOV]NM5T ,I HOPE WE %ALL BE ABLE BY DEGREES TO 9TRODUCE S\ND PR9CIPLES & MAKE !M HABITUAL4 ,:AT IS PRACTICABLE MU/ (T5 CONTROL :AT IS PURE !ORY40.<#h#f.> 

,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON WAS :AT HAS COME TO BE KN[N AS A ,LIB]AL4 ,HE BELIEV$ RELIGI\SLY 9 A NATION ( SMALL F>M]S4 0,?OSE :O LABOR 9 ! E>? >E ! *OS5 PEOPLE ( ,GOD1 IF EV] ,HE HAD A *OS5 PEOPLE1 :OSE BREA/S ,HE HAS MADE ,HIS PECULI> DEPOSIT = SUB/ANTIAL & G5U9E VIRTUE4 ,IT IS ! FOCUS 9 :I* HE KEEPS ALIVE ?AT SACR$ FIRE1 :I* O!RWISE MI<T ESCAPE FROM ! FACE ( ! E>?4 ,CORRUPTION ( MORALS 9 ! MASS ( CULTIVATORS IS A PH5OM5ON ( :I* NO AGE NOR NATION HAS FURNI%$ AN EXAMPLE40.<#h#g.> ,BUT HE WAS HIMSELF A SLAVE- HOLD+ PLANTATION [N]4 ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT EA* MAN %\LD HAVE AS MU* P[] & CONTROL OV] HIS [N AFFAIRS AS O!R M51 BUT HIS [N WEAL? & P[] GREATLY EXCE$$ ?AT ( HIS C\NTRYM54 ,HE WROTE = ! POOR & = DEMOCRATS1 BUT HIS [N FRI5DS W]E ! RI*1 & MO/LY >I/OCRATS4 ,HE WROTE ?AT SLAV]Y WAS AN AB]RATION & A CRIME4 0,:AT A /UP5D\S1 :AT AN 9COMPREH5SIBLE MA*9E IS MAN6 :O CAN 5DURE TOIL1 FAM9E1 /RIPES1 IMPRISONM5T1 & DEA? ITSELF1 9 V9DICATION ( HIS [N LIB]TY1 &1 ! NEXT MOM5T1 BE DEAF TO ALL ?OSE MOTIVES :OSE P[] SUPPORT$ HIM ?R\< HIS TRIAL1 & 9FLICT ON HIS FELL[ M5 A BONDAGE1 ONE H\R ( :I* IS FRAU<T ) MORE MIS]Y1 ?AN AGES ( ?AT :I* HE ROSE 9 REBELLION TO OPPOSE40.<#h#h.> ,YET HE HELD SLAVES4 ,LONG BE=E ,JEFF]SON'S TIME1 ,QUAK]S :O HAD 9H]IT$ OR ACQUIR$ SLAVES FRE$ !M & MOV$ TO /ATES :]E SLAV]Y WASN'T PRACTIC$4 ,JEFF]SON WROTE ELOQU5T D5UNCIATIONS ( SLAV]Y1 BUT HE DID NOT FOLL[ ! ,QUAK] EXAMPLE1 NOR DID HE SET AN EXAMPLE ( HIS [N4 ,HIS DEMOCRATIC PR(ESSIONS W]E D\BTLESS S9C]E1 AS !Y >E MORE NUM]\S 9 HIS PRIVATE CORRESPOND5CE ?AN 9 HIS PUBLIC ADDRESSES4 ,H[EV]1 LIKE HIS FRI5D ,JOHN ,TAYLOR1 ALSO A WEAL?Y ,VIRG9IA PLANT]1 ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON APP>5TLY DID NOT EXP]I5CE ! T5SION BETWE5 HIS PRECEPT & HIS PRACTICE4 ,HIS IDEAL WAS L(TY1 BUT ALONGSIDE ( HIS IDEAL HIS LIFE WAS DISAPPO9T+LY ORD9>Y4 

,DUR+ ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION1 ,JEFF]SON WAS 9 ,FRANCE4 ,HIS KN[L$GE ( ! ,CONV5TION'S PROCE$+S WAS SUPPLI$ BY HIS FRI5D ,JAMES ,MADISON4 ,AT ?AT TIME NEI!R ,MADISON NOR ,JEFF]SON KNEW ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( ! ,CON/ITUTION'S DRAFT]S1 & NEI!R ! PHILOSOPHIC ,MADISON NOR ! IDEALI/IC ,JEFF]SON C\LD HAVE SUSPECT$ ?AT ECONOMIC 9T]E/S W]E MOTIVAT+ M5 TO GA!R = SU* A MOM5T\S OCCASION4 ,:5 ! DOCUM5T WAS F9I%$1 ,JEFF]SON NOT COM=T$ BY ITS SIMIL>ITY TO ,5GLI% LAW1 AS HE KNEW ?AT ,5GL& WAS NO DEMOCRACY1 & ?AT ,AM]ICANS HAD FL$ FROM ,5GL& = ?AT V]Y REASON4 ,H[EV]1 ! DOCUM5T DID EMBODY MANY ( ! 9TELLECTUALLY RESPECTABLE EI<TE5? C5TURY !ORIES ( GOV]NM5T1 & ,JEFF]SON WAS DULY IMPRESS$4 ,9 HIS CORRESPOND5CE ) ,MADISON1 HE LIMIT$ HIS CRITICISM TO DIE LACK ( A BILL ( RI<TS :I* W\LD CLE>LY DELIMIT ! P[]S ( ! RUL]S OV] ! PEOPLE4 0,I WILL N[ TELL Y\ :AT ,I DO NOT LIKE4 ,FIR/1 ! OMISSION ( A BILL ( RI<TS1 PROVID+ CLE>LY1 & )\T ! AID ( SOPHISM1 = FRE$OM ( RELIGION1 FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 PROTECTION AGA9/ /&+ >MIES1 RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES1 ! ET]NAL & UNREMITT+ =CE ( ! HABEAS CORPUS LAWS1 & TRIALS BY JURY4440.<#h#i.> ,:5 SU* A BILL WAS ADOPT$ 9 ! =M ( ! FIR/ T5 AM5DM5TS1 ,JEFF]SON WAS APP>5TLY CONT5T ) ! DOCUM5T4 

,:5 ,JEFF]SON RETURN$ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HE MU/ HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY IGNORANT ( ! ,CON/ITUTION'S CAPITALI/IC IMPLICATIONS OR ( ,HAMILTON'S 5ORM\S PROGRAM = ! CREATION ( A PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 = O!RWISE HE C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 0DUP$ 444 BY ! ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,TREASURY40 ,AFT] HIS AWAK5+1 HE BECAME A BITT] ANTAGONI/ ( ?OSE :O HAD LEGISLAT$ ) 0NO?+ 9 VIEW BUT TO 5RI* !MSELVES40 ,NEV]!LESS ?R\< ! YE>S HE APP>5TLY =GOT ?AT !SE SAME M5 HAD WRITT5 !IR PROGRAM 9TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 BECAUSE :ILE D5\NC+ ! RE/ORATION ( PRIVILEGE1 HE DEF5D$ ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,9 FACT1 HE EV5 TRI$ TO LEVEL AT ! SECURITY-HOLD]S ! SAME ACCUSATION ,MADISON HAD AIM$ AT !M4 ,HE TRI$ TO >GUE ?AT ! PROGRAM ( ! SECURITY-HOLD]S VIOLAT$ !IR [N ,CON/ITUTION4 

,JEFF]SON'S T]M ( (FICE WAS NOT EXTRAORD9>ILY IMPRESSIVE4 ,IT WAS NOT ! REVOLUTION HE PRESCRIB$ = EV]Y G5]ATION4 ,IT WAS NOT EV5 A PALACE REVOLT4 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR BITT]LY SUMM>IZ$ ! HOPES & EXPECTATIONS HIS DEMOCRATIC FRI5D LEFT UNFULFILL$4 0,! HI/ORY ( MAN PROVES ?AT ALL WILL (T5 AVAIL !MSELVES ( ! PREC$5TS E/ABLI%$ BY !IR PR$ECESSORS1 & REPROBAT$ BY !MSELVES4 ,EV]Y PREC$5T1 H[EV] CLE>LY DEMON/RAT$ TO BE UNCON/ITUTIONAL & T5D+ 'T[>DS MON>*Y & AN IRON GOV]NM5T' BY A P>TY \T ( P[]1 WILL BE HELD SACR$ BY ! SAME P>TY 9 IT2 & ?OSE :O CLE>LY DISC]N$ ! 9JU/ICE & IMPOLICY ( 5RI*+ & /R5G!N+ F$]ALI/S BY BANK OR DEBT /OCK1 AT ! PUBLICK EXP5SE1 WILL SELDOM REFUSE TO RECEIVE A SIMIL> S9ECURE4 ,9 %ORT1 A P[] 9 ! 9DIVIDUALS :O COMPOSE LEGISLATURES1 TO FI% UP WEAL? FROM ! PEOPLE1 BY NETS ( !IR [N WEAV+1 :ATEV] BE ! NAMES ( SU* NETS1 WILL CORRUPT LEGISLATIVE1 EXECUTIVE & JUDICIAL PUBLICK S]VANTS1 BY :ATEV] SY/EM CON/ITUT$2 & CONV]T PATRIOTS FROM ! BE/ FRI5DS1 9TO ! MO/ DANG]\S FOES ( FREE1 EQUAL & JU/ PR9CIPLES ( CIVIL LIB]TY40.<#i.> 

,LIKE ALL LIB]ALS1 ,JEFF]SON TURN$ HIS 5]GY & 5?USIASM TO SMALL] ISSUES :5 ! L>G] ISSUES HAD BECOME TOO UNWIELDY4 ,HE NEV] AB&ON$ HIS DEMOCRATIC IDEALS1 HE DID NOT =GET ?AT DEMOCRATIC HOPES HAD FILL$ A NATION ( M5 ) REVOLUTION>Y >DOR4 ,HE HOP$ ?AT ,AM]ICA W\LD BE A DEMOCRATIC BEACON TO OPPRESS$ M5 EV]Y:]E1 BUT AFT] 0! CONTRACT$1 ,5GLI%1 HALF-LETT]$ IDEAS ( ,HAMILTON1 DE/ROY$ ?AT HOPE 9 ! BUD10.<#i#a.> HE TURN$ HIS ATT5TION ELSE:]E4 ,C]TA9LY HIS ROLE 9 REPEAL+ ! ,ALI5 & ,S$ITION ,ACTS ( ! ,ADAMS ,ADM9I/RATION WAS NO?+ LESS ?AN ADMIRABLE2 ?OSE ,ACTS ?REAT5$ TO BURY1 SO SOON AFT] ITS ADOPTION1 ! 5TIRE ,BILL ( ,RI<TS ,JEFF]SON HAD SO GREATLY DESIR$4 ,BUT HE MADE NO ATTEMPT :ATEV] TO RE/ORE EQUALITY1 JU/ICE1 P>TICIPATION1 HE DID NOT ABOLI% PRIVILEGE1 HE DID NOT REPEAL ! CAPITALI/S4 ,?\< HIS RELIGION WAS AN ANTI-!OLOGICAL HUMANISM1 HE NEV]!LESS ACCEPT$ ! ,HAMILTONIAN C\P D'ETAT ON ! BASIS ( ! DOCTR9E ( ORIG9AL S93 0?IS VICE IS 5TAIL$ ON US BY ! FIR/ ]ROR40 ,) SU* AN EXPLANATION1 !RE WAS NO?+ TO DO BUT MAKE ! BE/ ( A BAD WORLD4 0,9 O!R P>TS ( \R GOV]NM5T ,I HOPE WE %ALL BE ABLE BY DEGREES TO 9TRODUCE S\ND PR9CIPLES & MAKE !M HABITUAL40 ,:ILE D5\NC+ ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY SUP]IMPOS$ ON ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BY GOV]NM5T FIAT 70,IT MORTIFIES ME TO BE /R5G!N+ PR9CIPLES :I* ,I DEEM RADICALLY VICI\S444071 ,JEFF]SON NEV]!LESS W5T ON /R5G!N+ ! 0RADICALLY VICI\S0 PR9CIPLES4 0,:AT IS PRACTICABLE MU/ (T5 CONTROL :AT IS PURE !ORY40 

,:ILE ,JEFF]SONIAN !ORY BECAME ! SUBJECT ( S*OL>LY ADMIRATION1 ,JEFF]SONIAN PRACTICE BECAME ! MODEL = ,AM]ICAN POLITICS4 ,& AS ,BE>D PO9T$ \T1 0,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY0 AS PRACTIC$ WAS NO MORE DEMOCRATIC ?AN 0,HAMILTONIAN ,DEMOCRACY0 OR 0,ELIZABE?AN ,DEMOCRACY0 OR 0,NAPOLEONIC ,DEMOCRACY40 ,JEFF]SONIAN DEMOCRACY DID NOT IMPLY ANY AB&ONM5T ( ! PROP]TY1 & P>TICUL>LY ! L&$1 QUALIFICATIONS ON ! SUFFRAGE OR (FICE-HOLD+2 IT DID NOT 9VOLVE ANY FUNDAM5TAL ALT]ATIONS 9 ! NATIONAL ,CON/ITUTION :I* ! ,F$]ALI/S HAD DESIGN$ AS A FOIL TO ! LEVEL+ PROP5SIDES ( ! MASSES2 IT DID NOT PROPOSE ANY NEW DEVICES = A MORE IMM$IATE & DIRECT CONTROL ( ! VOT]S OV] ! 9/RUM5TALITIES ( GOV]NM5T4 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY SIMPLY MEANT ! POSSESSION ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T BY ! AGR>IAN MASSES L$ BY AN >I/OCRACY ( SLAVE-[N+ PLANT]S1 & ! !ORETICAL REPUDIATION ( ! RI<T TO USE ! ,GOV]NM5T = ! B5EFIT ( ANY CAPITALI/IC GR\PS1 FISCAL1 BANK+1 OR MANUFACTUR+40.<#i#b.> ,:AT DIFF]5TIATES ,JEFF]SON FROM ! SUCCESSORS IS ?AT HE NEV] CLAIM$ ?AT HIS M$IOCRE1 UN-DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE LIV$ UP TO HIS L(TY DEMOCRATIC IDEALS4 

,ONE ( ! /RANGE/ EPISODES AT ! ORIG9 ( ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY WAS ! ROLE ,HAMILTON PLAY$ 9 ,JEFF]SON'S ELECTION4 ,9 ! ELECTION ( #a#h1 ,JEFF]SON RAN AS ! PRESID5TIAL & ,A>ON ,BURR AS ! VICE- PRESID5TIAL C&IDATE ( ! OPPOSITION ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY 7A P>TY :I* HAS NO L9KS ) ! LAT] 0,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY074 ,JEFF]SON & ,BURR BO? RECEIV$ ! SAME NUMB] ( VOTES1 & ! VOTES ( EA* SURPASS$ ?OSE ( ! ,F$]ALI/ C&IDATE ,JOHN ,ADAMS4 ,! DRAFT]S ( ELECTORAL PROC$URE HAD NOT =ESE5 SU* A POSSIBILITY1 & HAD NOT SPECIFI$ ?AT A VICE-PRESID5TIAL C&IDATE C\LD NOT ASSUME ! PRESID5CY EV5 IF HE RECEIV$ AS MANY 7OR MORE7 VOTES ?AN ! W9N+ PRESID5TIAL C&IDATE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 UNLESS ,BURR )DREW1 ! \TCOME ( ! 0TIE0 W\LD HAVE TO BE DECID$ 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES4 ,BURR DID NOT )DRAW--A FACT = :I* ,JEFF]SON WAS NEV] TO =GIVE HIM4 ,?US ! ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES WAS TO DECIDE BETWE5 ,JEFF]SON & ,BURR4 ,S9CE ! ,H\SE WAS /ACK$ ) ,HAMILTONIAN ,F$]ALI/S :O FE>$ !Y'D BE UNDONE BY ! \TSPOK5 DEMOCRAT ,JEFF]SON1 ! ABSURD \TCOME ( ?IS 0ELECTION0 MI<T HAVE BE5 ?AT ,A>ON ,BURR W\LD BE ! ?IRD PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--! MAN :O1 9/EAD1 APPE>S 9 ! /ORYBOOKS ( ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY AS A ,TRAITOR4 ,BUT ! ABSURDITY DID NOT TAKE PLACE1 = ! BALANCE WAS %IFT$ 9 ,JEFF]SON'S FAVOR BY ,JEFF]SON'S BITT]E/ OPPON5T1 ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON4 ,P]HAPS ?IS WAS ,HAMILTON'S MODE ( REPAY+ ! DEBT HE [$ ! ONE-TIME ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE1 = HAV+ 0DUP$0 HIM4 ,! ,FA!R ( ,AM]ICAN ,CAPITALISM DID NOT SUDD5LY BECOME A *AMPION ( ,JEFF]SON4 ,F> FROM IT4 0,P]HAPS MYSELF ! FIR/1 AT SOME EXP5SE ( POPUL>ITY1 TO UNFOLD ! TRUE *>ACT] ( ,JEFF]SON1 IT IS TOO LATE = ME TO BECOME HIS APOLOGI/2 NOR CAN ,I HAVE ANY DISPOSITION TO IT4 ,I ADMIT ?AT HIS POLITICS >E T9CTUR$ ) FANATICISM2 ?AT HE IS TOO MU* 9 E>NE/ ) HIS DEMOCRACY4440.<#i#c.> ,BUT ,HAMILTON WAS A %REWD OBS]V]1 & HE KNEW ?AT ,BURR MI<T JU/ AS READILY PROCLAIM HIMSELF K+ AS C>RY ?R\< A RADICAL PROGRAM ( RE=M--& ,HAMILTON FE>$ ! SECOND POSSIBILITY MO/4 ,BURR'S POLITICAL & SOCIAL VIEWS W]E NOT KN[N1 BUT IT WAS KN[N ?AT HE ACT$ ) RU?LESS DET]M9ATION4 ,ON ! H&1 ,JEFF]SON'S DEMOCRATIC !ORIES W]E WIDELY KN[N1 & GREATLY FE>$ BY ! CAPITALI/S4 ,BUT ,JEFF]SON'S PRACTICE WAS KN[N TOO WELL BY ,HAMILTON4 0,I HAVE MORE ?AN ONCE MADE ! REFLECTION ?AT1 VIEW+ HIMSELF AS ! REV]SION]1 HE WAS SOLICIT\S TO COME 9TO ! POSSESSION ( A GOOD E/ATE40.<#i#d.> ,HAMILTON1 :O HAD = SO MANY YE>S SO EFFECTIVELY MANIPULAT$ ! SECURITY-HOLD]S 9 ,CONGRESS1 WAS ABOVE ALL A BRILLIANT PSY*OLOGI/4 ,HE KNEW ! PRECISE RELATION BETWE5 ,JEFF]SON'S PR(ESS$ IDEALS & HIS ACTIONS4 0,NOR IS IT TRUE ?AT ,JEFF]SON IS ZEALOT 5\< TO DO ANY?+ 9 PURSUANCE ( HIS PR9CIPLES :I* WILL CONTRAV5E HIS POPUL>ITY OR HIS 9T]E/4 ,HE IS AS LIKELY AS ANY MAN ,I KN[ TO TEMPORIZE--TO CALCULATE :AT WILL HE LIKELY TO PROMOTE HIS [N REPUTATION & ADVANTAGE2 & ! PROBABLE RESULT ( SU* A TEMP] IS ! PRES]VATION ( SY/EMS1 ?\< ORIG9ALLY OPPOS$1 :I*1 BE+ ONCE E/ABLI%$1 C\LD NOT BE OV]TURN$ )\T DANG] TO ! P]SON :O DID IT4 ,TO MY M9D A TRUE E/IMATE ( ,MR4 ,JEFF]SON'S *>ACT] W>RANTS ! EXPECTATION ( A TEMPORIZ+ RA!R ?AN A VIOL5T SY/EM4 ,?AT ,JEFF]SON HAS MANIFE/$ A CULPABLE PR$ILECTION = ,FRANCE IS C]TA9LY TRUE2 BUT ,I ?9K IT IS A QUE/ION :E!R IT DID NOT PROCE$ QUITE AS MU* FROM H] POPUL>ITY AMONG US AS FROM S5TIM5T &1 9 PROPORTION AS ?AT POPUL>ITY IS DIM9I%$1 HIS ZEAL WILL COOL40.<#i#e.> ,! ,CONGRESSM51 :O BY !N [$ !IR P[]1 FAME & =TUNE TO ,HAMILTON1 C\LD NOT HELP BUT FOLL[ !IR LEAD] ANO!R TIME4 ,& ! LEAD] PROV$ RI<T ONCE MORE4 ,! GREAT !ORI/ ( ,DEMOCRACY MADE NO GREAT EF=T TO REVIVE ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T ON ,AM]ICAN SOIL4.<#i#f.> 

,JEFF]SON HAD EXPRESS$ GREAT HOPES = ! 0EXP]IM5TS 9 GOV]NM5T0 :I* ,AM]ICA WAS TO (F] HUMANITY4 ,BUT1 HE SAID1 0! CONTRACT$1 ,5GLI%1 HALF-LETT]$ IDEAS ( ,HAMILTON1 DE/ROY$ ?AT HOPE 9 ! BUD40.<#i#g.> ,HIS FRI5D ,JOHN ,TAYLOR ADD$1 9 ! WORKJEFF]SON SO HE>TILY 5DORS$1 ?AT 0,A GOV]NM5T1 A SECTION ( IT1 OR A MEASURE1 F\ND$ 9 AN EVIL MORAL PR9CIPLE1 SU* AS FRAUD1 AMBITION1 AV>ICE OR SUP]/ITION1 MU/ PRODUCE CORRESPOND5T EFFECTS1 & DEFEAT ! 5D ( GOV]NM5T4440.<#i#h.> ,JEFF]SON1 H[EV]1 DID NOT COMMIT HIMSELF AS DEF9ITELY AS ,TAYLOR4 ,HE CLAIM$ ?AT 0WE %ALL NOT LIVE TO SEE ! RESULT0 ( ! EXP]IM5T4 0,! GROSS] ABSURDITIES1 SU* AS H]$IT>Y MAGI/RACIES1 WE %ALL SEE EXPLOD$ 9 \R DAY1 LONG EXP]I5CE HAV+ ALREADY PRON\NC$ CONDEMNATION AGA9/ !M4 ,BUT :AT IS TO BE ! SUB/ITUTE8 ,?IS \R *ILDR5 GR&*ILDR5 WILL ANSW]40.<#i#i.> ,HE DID NOT DISPLAY ! P]CEPTION ( HIS POLITICAL OPPON5T ,JOHN ,ADAMS1 :O HAD W>N$ 0,WE DO POSSESS ONE MAT]IAL :I* ACTUALLY CON/ITUTES AN >I/OCRACY ?AT GOV]NS ! NATION4 ,?AT MAT]IAL IS WEAL?40.<#a.> ,P]HAPS1 BY SAY+ ?AT HIS 0GR&*ILDR5 WILL ANSW]10 ,JEFF]SON WAS SUGGE/+ ?AT 0IT W\LD BE PRECIPITATE TO DETECT & DE/ROY ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 9 LESS TIME ?AN WAS REQUISITE TO DETECT & DE/ROY ?OSE ( SUP]/ITION & ! FEUDAL SYETEM40.<#a#a.> ,9 ANY CASE1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 DIFFICULT = ,JEFF]SON TO TAKE ! POSITION ?AT ,AM]ICA'S DEMOCRATIC IDEALS HAD BE5 BETRAY$1 = !N HE W\LD HAVE HAD TO CONFRONT HIS [N /ATEM5TS 9 ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE1 0?AT1 :5EV] ANY =M ( GOV]NM5T BECOMES DE/RUCTIVE ( !SE 5DS1 IT IS ! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO ALT] OR ABOLI% IT1 & TO 9/ITUTE A NEW GOV]NM5T1 LAY+ ITS F\NDATION ON SU* PR9CIPLES1 & ORGANIZ+ ITS P[]S 9 SU* =M1 AS TO !M %ALL SEEM MO/ LIKELY TO EFFECT !IR SAFETY & HAPP9ESS40 

O ,*APT] #c 3 ,GR[? ( ,CAPITALISM 

,P]HAPS ! DEMOCRATIC DREAM WAS UNREALIZABLE4 ,P]HAPS IT WAS 9EVITABLE ?AT ONE OR ANO!R GR\P W\LD TURN ! HOPES ( M5 9TO A NEW FACADE BEH9D :I* ! NAK$ SE>* = WEAL? & P[] W\LD CONT9UE4 ,P]HAPS ! FAI? 9 MAN'S $UCABILITY1 9 MAN'S CAPACITY TO GRASP & SOLVE POLITICAL PROBLEMS 9TELLIG5TLY 9 CONC]T ) O!R M51 WAS UNF\ND$4 ,P]HAPS DEMOCRACY C\LD ONLY BE PRACTIC$1 AS ,>I/OTLE HAD CLAIM$ SO LONG AGO1 9 SMALL COMMUNITIES ( A FEW ?\S& 9HABITANTS AT MO/4 ,! EI<TE5? C5TURY' REVOLUTION>IES DID NOT KN[ :E!R OR NOT !IR DREAM WAS POSSIBLE4 ,?AT WAS ! PO9T ( ! 0EXP]IM5T40 ,!Y ASK$ = ! 9DULG5CE & GOOD WILL ( SPIRIT$ M5 = A GR& COLLECTIVE EF=T TO CREATE ,DEMOCRACY4 ,! TASK W\LD BE DIFFICULT & MI<T TAKE G5]ATIONS4 ,M5 EV]Y:]E WAIT$ ANXI\SLY = ! RESULTS ( ! EXP]IM5T4 ,BUT ! EXP]IM5T NEV] TOOK PLACE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC DREAM BECAME ! RHETORIC ( A NEW >I/OCRACY4 ,! IDEAL :I* WAS TO GIVE SUGGE/ION & 5C\RAGEM5T TO M5 GROP+ = A JU/ SOCIETY WAS H\S$ 9 A GLASS CAGE & US$ BY ! ,LAWY]S ( AN UNJU/ SOCIETY TO DEF5D 9JU/ICE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T ?AT WAS TO BE C>RI$ \T ?R\< ! CONC5TRAT$ EF=T ( MANY G5]ATIONS WAS NEV] EV5 />T$1 & 9 TIME IT WAS =GOTT5 BY M5 :O CLAIM$ 0DEMOCRACY0 HAD BE5 FULLY E/ABLI%$ 9 #a#g#g#f1 BE=E IT HAD EV] BEGUN4 ,! BLUEPR9T ( ! PALACE WAS H\S$ 9 A SLUM1 & ! SLUM-BUILD]S PO9T$ PR\DLY TO ! BLUEPR9T !Y HAD NOT MADE1 NOR EV5 /UDI$1 :ILE !IR HOVEL CONT9U$ TO DET]IORATE4 

 "9"9"9 

,! SY/EM ?AT EM]G$ AFT] ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION WAS NOT DEMOCRACY1 BUT CAPITALISM4 ,! PRIVILEG$ MAY WI% TO SPEAK ( ,AM]ICA AS A 0,HAMILTONIAN ,DEMOCRACY10 AS A 0DEMOCRACY ( ! RI* & WELL BORN40 ,SU* A USAGE ( LANGUAGE IS ONE ( ! MANY PRIVILEGES !Y D]IVE FROM ! ,AM]ICAN SY/EM4 ,= ! 0RI* & WELL BORN10 0FRE$OM0 IS ALWAYS SYNONYM\S ) PRIVILEGE4 ,BUT S9CE ! 0FRE$OM0 ( ! RI* 9VOLVES ! ABUSE ( ! MAJORITY ( M51 ! MAJORITY ( M5 CANNOT LONG BE CONT5T TO ACCEPT ! DEF9ITIONS ( ! RI*2 !Y CANNOT =EV] CALL !IR ABUSE 0FRE$OM40 ,NOR CAN ! RI* DEP5D ET]NALLY ON ! POOR TO 0*ECK ! IMPRUD5CE ( DEMOCRACY40 

,YET ! ,HAMILTONIAN COMMUNITY ( 0! FEW & ! MANY0 :]E 0! FIR/ >E ! RI* & WELL BORN1 ! O!R ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE10 HAS MA9TA9$ ITSELF ) TREM5D\S SUCCESS ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 ,ON ! BASIS ( ! /AY+ P[] ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM1 IT C\LD ALMO/ BE >GU$ ?AT CAPITALISM WAS ! 0PROGRESSIVE0 =CE 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 :]EAS ! DEMOCRATIC IDEALS W]E 0REACTION>Y40 ,& IT HAS1 9 FACT1 BE5 >GU$ ?AT ! DEMOCRATS W]E LOOK+ T[>DS ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( ! PA/1 :]EAS CAPITALI/S W]E MOV+ T[>DS ! FUTURE4 ,IT HAS1 9 FACT1 EV5 BE5 >GU$ ?AT CAPITALISM HAS NOT YET BE5 OV]?R[N BECAUSE IT IS 0CONSI/5T0 ) 0HUMAN NATURE40 ,IF SU* AN >GUM5T MEANS ?AT CAPITALISM 9 ANY WAY FULFILLS ! POT5TIALITIES ( HUMAN BE+S1 IT IS ABSURD1 S9CE ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY CONV]TS A M9ORITY ( HUMAN BE+S 9TO C\NT+ MA*9ES & ! MAJORITY 9TO M9DLESS WORK ANIMALS4 ,BUT IF ! >GUM5T MEANS ?AT 0HUMAN NATURE0 IS ABLE TO PUT UP ) CAPITALISM1 IT IS OBVI\SLY TRUE4 ,9 SOME P>TS ( ! WORLD1 NOTABLY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 HUMAN BE+S HAVE PUT UP ) CAPITALISM = C5TURIES4 ,BUT = ?IS !RE'S NO NE$ TO 9VOKE 0HUMAN NATURE02 0HUMAN 5DURANCE0 W\LD S]VE AS WELL4 

,! >GUM5T ?AT CAPITALISM WAS MORE 0PROGRESSIVE0 ?AN ANY O!R SOCIAL MOVEM5T 9 PO/-FEUDAL ,WE/]N ,EUROPE HAS BE5 5DLESSLY REPEAT$ BY WRIT]S ON ! ,LEFT1 ,RI<T1 & ,C5T]1 EV] S9CE ,K>L ,M>X EXP\ND$ IT ) ALL BUT IRREFUTABLE LOGIC4 ,M>X OBVI\SLY MEANT SOME?+ RADICALLY DIFF]5T ?AN DID ! APOLOGI/S = CAPITALISM1 BUT HE DID HOLD ?AT1 UND] ! CONDITIONS ( ! TIME1 CAPITALISM WAS ! ONLY SY/EM CONSI/5T ) ! NEW MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT WILL BE CONT5D$ H]E1 AL?\< BY NO MEANS 0SCI5TIFICALLY10 ?AT ! SOCIAL & LEGAL RELATIONS ( CAPITALISM PREC$$ ! TE*NOLOGICAL MEANS ( PRODUCTION2 ?AT CAPITALI/ 9/ITUTIONS W]E NO?+ MORE ?AN /REAML9$ V]SIONS ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE2 ?AT CAPITALI/ 9/ITUTIONS W]E NEI!R SUIT$ NOR UNSUIT$ TO ! TE*NOLOGICAL ECONOMY1 BUT W]E IMPOS$ ON IT BY =CE & FRAUD4 ,IT HAS ALSO BE5 HELD ?AT EV]Y MAJOR *ANGE 9 KN[L$GE1 TE*NOLOGY1 OR SOCIAL ORGANIZATION CON/ITUTES 0PROGRESS40 ,BUT SURELY IF SU* A *ANGE DOES NOT LEAD TO ! 5NOBLEM5T & COMPLETION ( HUMAN BE+S1 IT CANNOT CON/ITUTE 0PROGRESS40 ,SOME?+ ?AT LEADS TO HUMAN DEGRADATION CANNOT BE CALL$ 0PROGRESSIVE40 7,IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO SPEAK ( ATOMIC PHYSICS OR ,FREUDIAN PSY*OLOGY AS 0PROGRESSIVE10 OR AS 9 ANY WAY CON/ITUT+ 0PROGRESS40 ,! \T/&+ EFFECTS ( BO? HAVE BE5 TO ANNIHILATE HUMAN BE+S1 ! ONE PHYSICALLY1 ! O!R PSY*OLOGICALLY4 ,! NOTION ( 0PROGRESS T[>D HUMAN DEGRADATION & ANNIHILATION0 S]VES ! PURPOSES ( NIHILISM1 NOT ( HUMAN LIFE47 

,:5 ,DON ,QUIXOTE DE LA ,MAN*A DESCRIB$ ! AGE :5 0,NO MAN1 TO GA9 HIS COMMON SU/5ANCE1 NE$$ TO MAKE ANY GREAT] EF=T ?AN TO REA* UP HIS H& & PLUCK IT FROM ! /RONG OAKS1 :I* LIT]ALLY 9VIT$ HIM TO TA/E !IR SWEET & SAVORY FRUIT10 HE WAS NO D\BT MAK+ IDYLLIC AN AGE LONG PA/1 & HE WAS NEGLECT+ TO M5TION ?AT ! M5 :O ATE ! FOOD ( OAK TREES W ]E AT ! M]CY ( /ORMS & COLD1 & SP5T !IR TIME FLEE+ FROM ANIMALS4 ,BUT ! SOCIALLY CONSCI\S ,DON ,QUIXOTE DID NOT 9VOKE ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE M]ELY BECAUSE HE WANT$ TO REVIEW HIS HI/ORICAL S*OL>%IP4 ,HE 9VOK$ ! PICTURE ( P>ADISE BECAUSE HIS [N AGE WAS BEF\L$ ) 0FRAUD1 DECEIT 444 MALICE02 BECAUSE 9 HIS [N TIME 0?OSE TWO WORDS ?9E & M9E0 DEF9$ ! POT5TIALITIES ( A P]SON'S LIFE2 BECAUSE 9 ! FEUDAL SOCIETY ALL ?+S W]E NOT 0HELD 9 COMMON40 ,DON ,QUIXOTE'S 9VOCATION ( ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE IS NOT A REM9ISC5CE AB\T MANK9D'S *ILDHOOD2 IT IS A %>P CRITIQUE ( ! TWO PROPS ( FEUDALISM3 PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY4 

,NOR DID ,?OMAS ,MORE DESIGN HIS ,UTOPIA AS A PICTURE ( ! ,*RI/IAN AFT]LIFE4 ,MORE WAS QUITE EXPLICIT AB\T HIS FRAME ( REF]5CE3 0:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JU/LY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40 ,DON ,QUIXOTE & ,?OMAS ,MORE DID DRAW !IR MODEL FROM A MY?OLOGICAL PA/4 ,BUT !Y DID NOT DRAW IT M]ELY = ITS ES!TIC QUALITY4 ,!Y %[$ M5 GL[+ PICTURES ( ,UTOPIA !REBY TO UND]M9E A SY/EM :I* GAVE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[] TO ! FEW1 & MADE ! RE/ ( MANK9D S]VANTS4 ,! FEUDAL >I/OCRACY & ! ,*UR* MA9TA9$ !IR POSITIONS BECAUSE !Y HAD A MONOPOLY ( ! MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 $UCATION1 & COMMUNICATION1 NOT BECAUSE !Y W]E ESPECIALLY 0SUIT$0 TO ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY4 ,! RESE>*ES ( AN?ROPOLOGI/S HAVE TURN$ UP MANY AGR>IAN SOCIETIES :]E ! 9/ITUTIONS ( PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY1 KNI<T & S]F1 >E UNKN[N4 

,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY & ! ,DIGG]S DID NOT CONF9E !IR ACTIVITIES TO WRIT+ BOOKS AB\T ,UTOPIA1 & CONSEQU5TLY CANNOT BE ACCUS$ ( ADDRESS+ !MSELVES TO A LIT]>Y MIRAGE4 ,! ,DIGG]S ACTUALLY TRI$ TO C>RY' \T !IR EXP]IM5T BY CULTIVAT+ COMMON L&1 & GIV+ ! PRODUCE TO ! POOR4 ,!Y W]E GO+ TO DEMON/RATE ?R\< ACTION ?AT 0! E>? IS FREE = EV]Y SON & DAU<T] ( MANK9D TO LIVE FREE UPON40 ,& IT WAS NOT ! NEW MEANS ( PRODUCTION ?AT PUT AN 5D TO !IR EXP]IM5T4 ,IF TE*NOLOGY HAD BE5 AVAILABLE TO !M--IF !Y'D HAD TRACTORS & *EMICAL PLANTS & ALL ! O!R MEANS MADE AVAILABLE TO MAN 9 SUCCE$+ C5TURIES--!IR EXP]IM5T W\LD HAVE BE5 SO MU* MORE EFFECTIVE1 ESPECIALLY IF O!R M5 HAD FOLL[$ !IR F9E EXAMPLE4 ,5GL& W\LD !N TRULY HAVE BECOME A 0COMMON TREASURY0 9/EAD ( ! HO?\SE ( FACTORIES & SLUMS IT BECAME 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,IT WAS NOT ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ?AT PUT AN 5D TO ! ,DIGG]S' EXP]IM5T4 ,! HI/ORIAN ,SAB9E HAS DESCRIB$ :AT HAPP5$ :5 A FEW M5 9 SEV5TE5? C5TURY ,5GL& TILL$ SOME L& 9 COMMON4 0,?IS ACTION CAUS$ A FLURRY AMONG ! L&LORDS CONC]N$ BUT IT HAD NO LA/+ EFFECTS4 ,! ,DIGG]S1 :O PROBABLY NUMB]$ ONLY A FEW SCORE1 KEPT !IR EXP]IM5T GO+ = A YE> BUT !Y W]E F9ALLY DISP]S$ BY LEGAL H>ASSM5T & MOB-VIOL5CE40.<#a#b.> ,! ,DIGG]S' SPOKESMAN ,W9/ANLEY WAS LUCIDLY AW>E ?AT IT WAS NOT ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT ! SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS & LEGAL /RUCTURE ( ,5GL& ?AT TRANS=M$ ?IS PIONE]+ V5TURE 9TO A HI/ORICAL ODDITY1 = HE LAT] WROTE3 0,! POOR PEOPLE :OM ?\ OPPRESS %ALL BE ! SAVIORS ( ! L&4444 ,IF ?\ WILT F9D M]CY 444 DIS[N ?IS OPPRESS+ 444 ?IEV]Y ( BUY+ & SELL+ ( L&1 [N+ ( L&LORDS1 & PAY+ ( R5TS1 & GIVE Y\R FREE CONS5T TO MAKE ! E>? A COMMON TREASURY40.<#a#c.> ,IT WAS NOT ! UNPROGRESSIVE *>ACT] ( !IR EXP]IM5T1 BUT ! 0?IEV]Y ( BUY+ & SELL+10 ?AT PUT AN 5D TO ! ,DIGG]S4 

,:5 ,G]MAN PEASANTS DEM&$ A MORE HUMANE DISP5SATION ?AN ! MIS]Y 5TAIL$ 9 SUPPORT+ FEUDAL PRIVILEGE1 ,M>T9 ,LU!R WAS QUITE EXPLICIT AB\T ! AG5TS & 9/ITUTIONS ?AT MADE %ORT %RIFT ( ! PEASANTS' ATTEMPTS TO CREATE A HUMANE & JU/ SOCIETY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,LU!R3 

,! PR9CES ( ?IS WORLD >E GODS1 ! COMMON PEOPLE >E ,SATAN1 ?R\< :OM ,GOD SOMETIMES DOES :AT AT O!R TIMES HE DOES DIRECTLY ?R\< ,SATAN1 ?AT IS1 MAKES REBELLION AS A PUNI%M5T = ! PEOPLE'S S9S4 

,I W\LD RA!R SUFF] A PR9CE DO+ WRONG ?AN A PEOPLE DO+ RI<T4 

,!RE >E NO BETT] WORKS ?AN TO OBEY & S]VE ALL ?OSE :O >E SET OV] US AS SUP]IORS4 ,= ?IS REASON ALSO DISOB$I5CE IS A GREAT] S9 ?AN MURD]1 UN*A/ITY1 !FT1 & DI%ONE/Y1 & ALL ?AT !SE MAY 9CLUDE4.<#a#d.> 

,9 #a#g#g#f1 AN 5TIRE NATION1 NOT JU/ A SMALL GR\P ( 0DIGG]S10 BROKE \T 9 REVOLT AGA9/ PRIVILEGE & PROCLAIM$ ?AT 0ALL M5 >E CREAT$ EQUAL0 & ?AT ALL M5 >E 5D[$ ) ! 0UNALI5ABLE RI<TS0 ( 0LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40 ,& ! WORK%OP = ?IS UNPREC$5T$ EXP]IM5T WAS TO BE1 NOT A PLOT ( UN5CLOS$ COMMON L&1 BUT AN 5TIRE CONT95T4 ,! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T FAIL$4 ,CAPITALISM DEVELOP$ 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,& = ITS FAILURE1 APOLOGI/S = CAPITALISM HAVE CLAIM$ ?AT ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL C\LD NOT HAVE SUCCE$$1 BECAUSE IT WAS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! TE*NOLOGICAL ECONOMY DEVELOP+ AT ?AT TIME4 ,?OSE :O GLOAT OV] ! BETRAYAL ( DEMOCRACY LEVEL AT ?IS UNTRI$ EXP]IM5T ! SAME NA/Y EPITAPH3 0UNPROGRESSIVE0 & 0UNSUIT$0 TO ! AGE ( MA*9ES4 ,I WILL TRY BRIEFLY TO >GUE ?AT IT WAS NOT ! MA*9ES1 BUT ! 9/ITUTIONS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY & PRIVILEGE1 9/ITUTIONS F> OLD] ?AN TE*NOLOGY1 ?AT BETRAY$ ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,JEFF]SON1 0,AN 9DU/RI\S F>M] OCCUPIES A MORE DIGNIFI$ PLACE 9 ! SCALE ( BE+S 444 ?AN A LAZY L\NG]1 VALU+ HIMSELF ON HIS FAMILY1 TOO PR\D TO WORK1 & DRAW+ \T A MIS]ABLE EXI/5CE BY EAT+ ON ?AT SURPLUS ( O!R M5'S LABOR1 :I* IS ! SACR$ FUND ( ! HELPLESS POOR40.<#a#e.> ,& 9 ,AM]ICA1 HE SAID1 0,WE HAVE N[ L&S 5\< TO EMPLOY AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( PEOPLE 9 !IR CULTIVATION4 ,CULTIVATORS ( ! E>? >E ! MO/ VALUABLE CITIZ5S40 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR WROTE1 0,! LAWS 444 = DIVID+ L&S DIM9I% ! EVILS ( A L&$ MONOPOLY10.<#a#f.> & ,JEFF]SON ADD$ ?AT ONE ( ! C5TRAL FUNCTIONS ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T W\LD BE ! 0RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES40.<#a#g.> ,BO? ,JEFF]SON & ,TAYLOR W]E HI<LY AMBIGU\S 9 !IR PRON\NCEM5TS AB\T ! DIVISION ( PROP]TY AMONG ! M5 :O WORK IT1 S9CE NEI!R WAS V]Y EAG] TO SEE HIS [N E/ATE DIVID$ AMONG HIS LABOR]S--AT LEA/ NOT 9 HIS [N LIFETIME4 ,BUT :ATEV] !IR P]SONAL MISGIV+S1 BO? ( !SE SPOKESM5 = ! DEMOCRATIC W+ ( ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION 5VISAG$ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AS A SOCIETY ( ONGO+ AGR>IAN RE=M4 ,& !Y W]E LUCIDLY UNAMBIGU\S 9 !IR CONDEMNATION ( MONOPOLY 9 ! =M ( A MONEY$ >I/OCRACY3 0444 MONEY IS A VEHICLE = 444 CONVEY+ ! MO/ OPPRESSIVE USURPATIONS1 & POSSESSES A COMPLETE CAPACITY = RE5SLAV+ NATIONS 9DIRECTLY1 AFT] AN ACCESSION ( KN[L$GE OR A DIVISION ( PROP]TY1 HAS LIB]AT$ !M FROM ! DIRECT FEUDAL SLAV]Y4444 ,AN >TIFICIAL CURR5CY IS SUBJECT TO NO 444 *ECK1 & POSSESSES AN UNLIMIT$ P[] ( 5SLAV+ NATIONS1 IF SLAV]Y CONSI/S AN B9D+ A GREAT NUMB] TO LABOR = A FEW4 ,EMPLOY$1 NOT = ! USEFUL PURPOSE ( EX*ANG+1 BUT = ! FRAUDUL5T PURPOSE ( TRANSF]R+ PROP]TY1 CURR5CY IS CONV]T$ 9TO A ?IEF & A TRAITOR1 & BEGETS1 LIKE AN ABUSE ( MANY O!R GOOD ?+S1 MIS]Y 9/EAD ( HAPP9ESS40.<#a#h.> 

,JEFF]SON WAS OPPOS$ TO MANUFACTUR+ ( ! TYPE HE SAW SPREAD+ 9 ,5GL&3 HE WAS DISGU/$ BY ! SWEAT %OPS1 ! M9DLESSNESS ( ! WORK1 ! UNEMPLOYM5T1 ! DEGRADATION ( HUMAN BE+S CONV]T$ 9TO 0H&S10 ! SLUMS 9 :I* ! PEOPLE :O DID ! WORK W]E =C$ TO LIVE4 ,BUT WAS ,JEFF]SON 0UNPROGRESSIVE0 = BE+ DISGU/$8 ,WAS IT NOT RA!R CAPITALISM1 :I* SO DEGRAD$ HUMAN BE+S & S]V$ NO HUMAN PURPOSE BUT TO 5L>GE ! WEAL? ( WEAL?Y M51 ?AT WAS 0UNPROGRESSIVE08 

,! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM ( MA9TA9+ A NATION ( SMALL F>M]S1 ( GIV+ L& TO ! TILL]S1 ( ABOLI%+ ! SY/EM ( CR$ITORS & DEBTORS1 & ?US ( MAK+ IT POSSIBLE = EV]Y HUMAN BE+ TO HAVE CONSID]ATION1 VOICE1 & CONTROL 9 ! AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY--SU* A PROGRAM WAS NO MORE 0UNPROGRESSIVE0 9 ! EI<TE5? ?AN IT IS 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,EV5 TODAY1 FEUDAL & CAPITALI/ L&LORDS FE> DEMOCRATIC AGR>IAN RE=M1 NOT BECAUSE IT H>KS TO ! PA/1 BUT PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS /ILL TODAY A RADICAL PROGRAM4 

,! MEANS ( PRODUCTION W]E NO LESS FAVORABLE TO SU* A PROGRAM 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY ?AN TODAY4 ,IF ,AM]ICANS HAD NOT BETRAY$ ! ORIG9S ( !IR REBELLION1 IF !Y HAD TRULY CREAT$ AN EQUALIT>IAN SOCIETY BY EXPROPRIAT+ L&LORDS & ABOLI%+ ! SY/EM ( CR$ITORS & DEBTORS1 !Y A W\LD HAVE UND]TAK5 A SOCIAL EXP]IM5T ?AT WAS NOT TO BE TRI$ AGA9 ON SU* A SCALE UNTIL ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,! RISE & GR[? ( TE*NOLOGY W\LD HAVE FACILITAT$1 NOT OB/RUCT$1 ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS PROGRAM4 ,MA*9ES >E 9DIFF]5T 9/RUM5TS4 ,!IR USE DEP5DS ON HUMAN BE+S4 ,!RE'S NO?+ AB\T A MA*9E ?AT MAKES IT P>TICUL>LY 0SUIT$0 TO PRIVATE [N]%IP4 ,9 A REGION :]E ! L& IS DIVID$ AMONG ! TILL]S1 MA*9]Y W\LD SURELY HAVE BE5 US$ 9 A HUMANE MANN]4 ,! F>M]S W\LD HAVE POOL$ !IR RES\RCES TO ACQUIRE MA*9]Y :I* NONE C\LD AF=D 9DIVIDUALLY4 ,!Y W\LD1 P]HAPS1 HAVE =M$ F>M]S' COOP]ATIVES & TAK5 TURNS 9 ! USE ( MA*9]Y :I* IS MO/ USEFUL OV] L>GE >EAS & USELESS ON SMALL PLOTS4 ,!IR CONC]N W\LD SURELY HAVE BE5 TO MAKE ! MA*9]Y S]VE !IR [N NE$S1 RA!R ?AN 5SLAV+ !MSELVES TO FULFILL A L&LORD'S GRE$4 ,!Y W\LD SURELY HAVE S\<T TO DECREASE DRUDG]Y & 9CREASE !IR [N DEVELOPM5T AS HUMAN BE+S4 ,)9 SU* A CONTEXT1 M>VEL\S USES MI<T HAVE BE5 MADE ( ALL ! TE*NOLOGICAL & SCI5TIFIC DISCOV]IES1 ALL ! L& & RES\RCES1 :I* BECAME AVAILABLE TO ,AM]ICANS 9 SUCCE$+ DECADES4 ,SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY W\LD !N HAVE BE5 TRULY 0PROGRESSIVE0 =CES1 AS !Y W\LD HAVE S]V$ TO 5NOBLE1 NOT TO DEBASE1 HUMAN BE+S4 

,TE*NOLOGY NE$ NOT HAVE S]V$ ! GRE$ ( CAPITALI/S2 IT C\LD JU/ AS WELL HAVE S]V$ ! 5DS ( ALL HUMAN BE+S FROM ITS V]Y BEG9N+S4 ,IT WAS NOT TE*NOLOGY ?AT DEM&$ ! CONT9UATION ( PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY3 RA!R ! 9/ITUTIONS ( PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY MADE ! TE*NOLOGICAL MEANS ( PRODUCTION S]VE !IR [N 9HUMAN 5DS4 ,AS ,BABEUF >GU$1 0,9 A SOCIETY :I* WAS REALLY S\ND1 !RE W\LD BE NEI!R POOR NOR RI*4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO SU* SY/EMS ( PROP]TY AS \RS4 ,\R LAWS ( H]$ITY & 9ALI5ABILITY >E 'HUMANI- CIDE' 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! MONOPOLY ( ! L& BY 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR POSSESSION ( ITS PRODUCE 9 EXCESS ( !IR WANTS1 IS NO?+ MORE NOR LESS ?AN !FT2 & ALL \R CIVIL 9/ITUTIONS1 \R ORD9>Y BUS9ESS TRANSACTIONS1 >E ! DE$S ( A P]PETUAL BRIG&AGE1 AU?ORIZ$ BY B>B>\S LAW'S40.<#a#i.> ,IT WAS NOT ! %ORTCOM+S ( ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL1 BUT ! C\P D'ETAT ( SECURITY-HOLD+ CAPITALI/S1 ?AT PUT AN 5D TO ! POSSIBILITY ( COOP]ATIVE1 DEMOCRATIC1 SELF GOV]N+ COMMUNITIES ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 

 "9"9"9 

,CAPITALISM DID NOT DEVELOP BECAUSE IT WAS MORE 0PROGRESSIVE0 ?AN O!R ME?ODS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION2 ITS SUCCESS IS DUE L>GELY TO ITS V]Y ADEPT USE ( FRAUD & DECEPTION4 ,ITS USE ( FRAUD WAS SIMIL> TO ! DECEPTIONS ( PREVI\S >I/OCRACIES1 & ITS %RIEKS HAVE NOT SUB/ANTIALLY *ANG$ S9CE ,JOHN ,TAYLOR DESCRIB$ !M 9 #a#h#c1 AFT] ,CAPITALISM'S VICTORY 9 ,AM]ICA3 0,:5EV] ! 9TRICATE /RUCTURE ( ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE IS ATTEMPT$ TO BE DISSECT$1 WE MODEMS SURR5D] \R 9TELLECTS TO ! YELLS UTT]$ BY ! LIV+ MON/]1 SIMIL> TO ?OSE ) :I* ITS PR$ECESSORS A/ONI%$1 DELUD$1 & OPPRESS$ ! WORLD = ?REE ?\S& YE>S4 ,! >I/OCRACY ( SUP]/ITION DEF5D$ ITSELF BY CLAIM+1 ! ,GODS6 ! TEMPLES6 ! SACR$ ORACLES6 DIV9E V5GEANCE6 ,& ,ELYSIAN FIELDS6-- & ?AT ( PAP] & PATRONAGE EXCLAIMS1 NATIONAL FAI?6 SACR$ *>T]S6 DISORGANIZATION6 & SECURITY ( PROP]TY60.<#a#a.> ,ONCE CAPITALISM IS 9 P[]1 IT QUICKLY CONSOLIDATES TO ITSELF A MONOPOLY ( ! MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 & H5CE=? MA9TA9S ITSELF AS ! GOV]NM5T ?R\< ! USE & ! ?REAT ( VIOL5CE4 0,IF WEAL? IS ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 EI!R BY A FEUDAL OR A /OCK MONOPOLY1 IT C>RIES ! P[] ALSO2 & A GOV]NM5T BECOMES AS C]TA9LY >I/OCRADCAL1 BY A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 AS BY MONOPOLY ( >MS4 ,A M9ORITY1 OBTA9+ A MAJORITY ( WEAL? OR >MS 9 ANY MODE1 BECOMES ! GOV]NM5T40.<#a#a#a.> ,9 ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ! CAPITALI/S DREW !MSELVES AN 9/RUM5T :I* W\LD BE US$ = ! PROTECTION & AUGM5TATION ( ! PROP]TY ( ! RI*1 AS WELL AS = ! CREATION & MA9T5ANCE ( AN >MY1 NAVY1 & MILITIA SUBS]VI5T TO ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T4 ,TAYLOR SAID1 0,! ONLY TWO MODES EXTANT ( 5SLAV+ NATIONS1 >E ?OSE ( >MIES & ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE40.<#a#a#b.> ,AVAIL+ !MSELVES ( BO?1 ! CAPITALI/S RUL$ \T ALL OPPOSITION2 IT WAS !N ?AT ALL O!R POSSIBILITIES ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION BECAME F> MORE DIFFICULT ?AN !Y HAD BE5 BE=E4 ,ONCE CAPITALISM BECAME 0! WAY ( LIFE0 ( A REGION1 IT NOT ONLY CONSOLIDAT$ ! MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 ( COMMUNICATION1 & ( PRODUCTION2 IT ALSO CONV]T$ ! RE/ ( HUMANITY 9 ?AT REGION 9TO MEANS = ! MA9T5ANCE & GR[? ( PRIVATE WEAL?4 ,! 9/ITUTIONS & PR9CIPLES ( ! OLD >I/OCRACY W]E TURN$ 9TO MORE EFFICI5T MEANS ( LODG+ SOCIETY'S WEAL? 9TO ! H&S ( ! FEW4 ,! MORALITY ( ! OLD ORD] WAS MODIFI$ TO SUIT ! UNPREC$5T$ ACCUMULATION ( PRIVATE WEAL?2 P>TS ( ! OLD MORALITY WE RE EV5 DISC>D$ OR REV]S$ IF !Y CLA%$ TOO OBVI\SLY ) ! PRACTICES ( ! ACQUISITIVE SOCIETY4 0,OBS]VE :AT HAPP5$ TO ! SEV5 DEADLY S9S ( ,*RI/IAN !OLOGY10 WROTE ,LEWIS ,MUM=D4 0,ALL BUT ONE ( !SE S9S1 SLO?1 W]E TRANS=M$ 9TO POSITIVE VIRTUES4 ,GRE$1 AV>ICE1 5VY1 GLUTTONY1 LUXURY & PRIDE W]E ! DRIV+ =CES ( ! NEW ECONOMY3 IF ONCE !Y W]E MA9LY VICES ( ! RI*1 !Y N[ UND] ! DOCTR9E ( EXP&+ WANTS EMBRAC$ EV]Y CLASS 9 SOCIETY4 ,?US UNB\ND$ P[] WAS H>NESS$ TO EQUALLY UNB\ND$ APPETITES40.<#a#a#c.> ,NOT ,DON ,QUIXOTE OR ,/4 ,?OMAS ,MORE1 BUT ,MALVOLIO & ,B5JAM9 ,FRANKL9 BECAME ! H]OES ( ! AGE4 ,! TRANSVALUATION ( VALUES FOLL[$ CLOSE ON ! HEELS ( ! TRANSPLANTATION ( DOM9ANT HUMAN TYPES4 ,GRE$ WAS SE5 AS ,9DU/RY1 AV>ICE AS ,?RIFT1 & 5VY AS ,COMPETITION4 ,GLUTTONY WAS CALL$ ,AMBITION & LUXURY ,CONSUMPTION4 ,PRIDE WAS NAM$ ,RESPECTABILITY--& EV5 ,DIGNITY4 

,EV5TUALLY1 :5 PHILOSOPHY1 LAW & POLICE W]E RECRUIT$ TO RUN ! RACE ( ! NEW ,B\RGEOISIE1 ! TAK+ ( L& FROM ?OSE :O WORK IT BECAME AN 09VIOLABLE NATURAL RI<T40 ,! NEW MA*9ES & FACTORIES1 ! REGIM5TATION & /&>DIZATION1 5ABL$ M5 TO PRODUCE 9CREAS+ AM\NTS ( FOOD & O!R MAT]IAL GOODS4 ,BUT ! MAJORITY ( M51 ?OSE :O PRODUC$ EV] MORE1 NEV] SAW AN 9CREASE4 ,! NEW WEAL? 0CIRCULAT$0 BACK TO ! WEAL?Y1 ?OSE :O [N$ ! MA*9ES & FACTORIES4 ,?IS >RANGEM5T CAME TO BE CALL$ 0FREE 5T]PRISE40 ,9 TIME ! RI* NO LONG] WORK$2 !Y CREAT$ AN 9/ITUTION :]E !IR MONEY 0WORK$40 ,?IS BIZ>RE 9/ITUTION BECAME 0,F9ANCE40 

,ORIG9ALLY1 MONEY HAD BE5 M]ELY A CONV5I5T MEANS ( EX*ANGE4 ,IT WAS EASI] TO 0BUY0 BUTT] 9 EX*ANGE = A /&>DIZ$ METAL ?AN IT WAS TO TRADE PIGS = *ICK5S & !N AGREE ON ! NUMB] ( *ICK5S ?AT W\LD FET* ! BUTT]4 ,! METAL MADE A SET PRICE POSSIBLE & ALSO SIMPLIFI$ ! BOOKKEEP+ ( BUREAUCRATS4 ,BUT CAPITALISM REVEAL$ A NEW TRAIT ( MONEY--IT REVEAL$ ?AT MONEY C\LD BE AB/RACT$ FROM ! EX*ANGE ( GOODS1 C\LD BE TREAT$ AS A SEP>ATE 5TITY1 & C\LD BE ACCUMULAT$ ) NO REF]5CE TO ! NE$S ( ! ACCUMULATOR4 ,IT WAS F\ND ?AT A MAN CAN BUY FOOD *EAPLY FROM A F>M] & SELL IT EXP5SIVELY TO A RI* MAN4 ,HE CAN REPEAT ! PROCESS & PUT ! DIFF]5CE 9 HIS POCKET4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 ! MAN :O NEI!R PRODUCES NOR CONSUMES ! FOOD BECOMES QUICKLY RI* FROM IT4 ,HE CAN SOON BUY \T ! F>M]'S O!R CU/OM]S & BECOME ! ONLY BUY]1 & 9 ?IS NOT-V]Y-SUBTLE MANN] CAN CONV]T AN 9DEP5D5T F>M] 9TO A HIR$ S]VANT1 A 0T5ANT40 ,AFT] ,HAMILTON'S 9TRODUCTION ( ! ,BANK 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD CLE>LY SE5 ! POT5TIALITIES ( MONEY 9 ! H&S ( CAPITALI/S4 0,AN >TIFICIAL CURR5CY IS SUBJECT TO NO 444 *ECK1 & POSSESSES AN UNLIMIT$ P[] ( 5SLAV+ NATIONS1 IF SLAV]Y CONSI/S 9 B9D+ A GREAT NUMB] TO LABOR = A FEW4 ,EMPLOY$1 NOT = ! EX*ANG+1 BUT = ! FRAUDUL5T ONE ( TRANSF]R+ PROP]TY1 CURR5CY IS CONV]T$ 9TO A ?IEF & A TRAITOR1 & BEGETS1 LIKE AN ABUSE ( MANY O!R GOOD ?+S1 MIS]Y 9/EAD ( HAPP9ESS4 

0,MANK9D SOON DISCOV]$ ?AT MONEY WAS EASILY CONV]T$ 9TO A M$IUM = OPPRESSION AS WELL AS = COMM]CE1 & H5CE >OSE NE>LY AS /RONG A DISLIKE TO HEAVY TAXES 9 MONEY AS 9 K9D2 IT BE+ CLE>LY SE5 ?AT LABOR & PROP]TY W]E TRANSF]R$ BY MONEY4 ,?IS PLA9 TRU?1 AWAK5$ ! EX]TIONS ( AV>ICE & AMBITION1 TO DECEIVE ! VIGILANCE ( LABOR & 9DU/RY3 ! OBJECTS ( PILLAGE4 ,! FIR/ 9TRICACY ) :I* !Y 5DEAVOR$ TO HIDE !IR DESIGN1 WAS WOV5 ( 9DIRECT TAXES TRAVEL+ 9 MAZES2 ! SECOND1 ( LOAN+ OBSCUR$ BY ! MI/ ( FUTURITY2 & ! ?IRD1 ( AN >TIFICIAL CURR5CY OR BANK+1 COMPLICAT$ BY ! CROOK$NESS ( ITS OP]ATION1 FLATT]+ TO 9DU/RY1 & RE/RA9$ BY NO NATURAL *ECK1 AS A M$IUM ( FRAUD & TYRANNY40.<#a#a#d.> ,EV5 A FEW M$IEVAL *UR*M5 HAD SE5 ?IS PROCESS TAK+ PLACE & HAD WANT$ TO /OP IT4 ,BUT ! ,ORGANIZ$ ,*UR* NE$$ ! RI* M5 TO SUPPORT ITS PLUND] & EXTRAVAGANCE1 & SO ! PROCESS GREW LIKE A CANC] UNTIL ! ,*UR* ITSELF WAS ?R[N (F ! L&4 

,:5 MA*9]Y CAME 9TO EXI/5CE1 ! PROCESS ( PRODUC+ MONEY WAS HI<LY REF9$4 ,A MAN ) MONEY BUILT A FACTORY4 ,HE HIR$ MANY M5 TO PRODUCE 0GOODS40 ,HE !N SOLD ! GOODS1 NOT ON ! BASIS ( H[ MU* !Y CO/ TO PRODUCE1 BUT ON ! BASIS ( H[ MU* PEOPLE W\LD PAY = !M4 ,& !N HE PAID HIS WORK]S1 NOT ACCORD+ TO ! PRICE ! GOODS FET*$ ON ! M>KET1 BUT ! B>E M9IMUM :I* W\LD KEEP ! WORK]S ALIVE4 ,?US !RE WAS A L>GE SURPLUS AT BO? 5DS3 FROM OV]*>G+ ! CU/OM]S & UND]PAY+ ! WORK]S1 SO TO SPEAK4 ,! SURPLUS WAS US$ TO 9CREASE & IMPROVE ! MA*9]Y1 SO ?AT A WORK] C\LD PRODUCE1 9 ! SAME P]IOD ( TIME1 ?REE OR FIFTE5 TIMES AS MU* AS HE PRODUC$ BE=E4 ,BUT ! WORK] WASN'T PAID ?REE OR FIFTE5 TIMES AS MU*4 ,HIS %>E WAS /ILL NO MORE ?AN ! M9IMUM ?AT KEPT HIM ALIVE & *A9$ TO 0HIS0 FACTORY4 ,! 9CREAS+ WEAL? KEPT RETURN+ TO ! SAME M54 ,M5 :O DID NOT PRODUCE BECAME WEAL?I] FROM PRODUCTION ?AN M5 HAD EV] BE5 BE=E4 ,?IS WAS ONLY POSSIBLE 9 A SOCIETY :]E MONEY HAD BECOME ! MO/ IMPORTANT *>ACT]I/IC ( HUMAN BE+S1 A SOCIETY :]E MONEY 0TALKS0 & MONEY 0WORKS40 

,! CYCLE ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS SO \TL&I% ?AT FUTURE HI/ORIANS WILL UND\BT$LY BE H>D-PUT TO EXPLA9 H[ M5 C\LD HAVE BE5 MADE TO ACCEPT IT = SU* A LONG TIME4 ,! :OLE PROCESS CONSI/S ( SOCIETY'S P]MITT+ A FEW M5 TO GA!R = !MSELVES :AT BELONGS TO ALL MANK9D4 ,?IS GA!R+ IS ! ONLY PO9T ( ALL ! BO!R1 ALL ! S]I\SNESS1 ALL ! ,B\RGEOIS ,MORALITY4 ,! FACTORY [N] ACCUMULATES PR(ITS4 ,HE PUTS ! PR(ITS 9TO ! EXPANSION ( HIS FACTORY4 ,! FACTORY !N PRODUCES MORE4 ,! CAPITALI/ SELLS MORE4 ,!N HE HAS EV5 MORE PR(ITS4 ,SO HE AGA9 EXP&S HIS FACTORY4 ,PRODUCTION IS = PR(IT1 & PR(IT = MORE PRODUCTION4 ,?IS CYCLE1 MEAN+LESS 9 ! MIDDLE & AT BO? 5DS1 IS NOT ONLY TAK5 S]I\SLY BY ! MAN 5GAG$ 9 IT3 HE TAKES ?IS TO BE ! MEAN+ & ESS5CE ( LIFE4 ,! C\NT+ ( MONEY IS LIFE'S REW>D1 ! ACCUMULATION ( MONEY IS LIFE'S MA9 TASK4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,B5JAM9 ,FRANKL91 9V5TOR1 POLITICIAN1 & ,PHILOSOPH] ( ,AV>ICE1 0,! MORE !RE IS ( IT1 ! MORE IT PRODUCES AT EV]Y' TURN1 & PR(ITS RISE QUICK] & QUICK]40 ,FRANKL9'S POETRY' ( MONEY SUGGE/S ?AT HE D]IV$ GREAT] SPIRITUAL & S5SUAL SATISFACTION FROM PR(IT-MAK+ ?AN FROM LOVE OR ADV5TURE OR ANY O!R HUMAN PURSUIT4 

,B5JAM9 ,FRANKL9 WAS ! DIRECT DESC5DANT ( ,MALVOLIO1 9 REAL LIFE4 ,:5 ,MALVOLIO WAS ASK$1 0,DO/ ?\ ?9K1 BECAUSE ?\ >T VIRTU\S1 !RE %ALL BE NO MORE CAKES & ALE80 HE WAS UNABLE TO ANSW]4 ,B5 ,FRANKL9 ANSW]$ UNEQUIVOCALLY A C5TURY & A HALF LAT]3 0!RE %ALL BE NO MORE CAKES & ALE40 ,! ONLY ,VIRTUE IS ! CON/ANT ACCUMULATION ( MONEY4 ,! PRIM>Y GOAL ( LIFE IS TO MAKE ! 0PR(ITS RISE QUICK] & QUICK]40 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE IS SECOND>Y4 ,A RI* MAN NOT 5GAG$ 9 RAIS+ PR(ITS COMES TO BE CALL$ A 0DILETANTE40 ,A POOR MAN NOT 5GAG$ 9 RAIS+ ! PR(ITS ( ! RI* BECOMES A 0VAGRANT0 & LAT] ON A 0BOHEMIAN40 ,QUANTITY1 ,CALCULATION & ,MEASUREM5T BECOME ! ONLY LEGITIMATE ASPECTS ( LIFE4 ,! NEW M5 ( MONEY SOON CAME TO DISLIKE PHILOSOPHY & HATE METAPHYSICS1 BECAUSE PHILOSOPH]S KEPT ASK+ = ! HUMAN PURPOSE ( ALL ! QUANTITY'1 CALCULATION1 & MEASUREM5T1 & METAPHYSICIANS KEPT SUGGE/+ ?AT HUMAN LIFE HAD O!R QUALITIES & POT5TIALITIES BESIDES !SE4 ,S9CE CAPITALISM HAD NEI!R AIM NOR LIFE1 CAPITALI/S W]E V]Y UNEASY 9 ! PRES5CE ( M5 :O DISCUSS$ ! AIM ( LIFE4 ,S9CE !Y' DID NOT !MSELVES DISCUSS1 !Y SOLV$ ! PROBLEM 9 ! ONLY WAY ?AT BUS9ESSM5 EV] SOLVE PROBLEMS3 ) MONEY4 ,!Y SUBSIDIZ$ ! UNIV]SITIES4 ,?IS GE/URE ACCOMPLI%$ MANY PURPOSES ) ONE /ROKE3 IT GAVE CAPITALI/S ! ILLUSION ?AT !Y W]E HUMANIT>IAN PATRONS ( LE>N+2 IT QUICKLY PUT PHILOSOPH]S ON ! 0RI<T0 TRACK2 & IT PUT AN ABRUPT 5D TO METAPHYSICS4 ,! GE/URE WORK$ MO/ EFFECTIVELY 9 ,5GL&4 ,!RE A ,S*OOL ( PHILOSOPH]S :O CALL$ !MSELVES 0EMPIRICI/S0 DEVELOP$4 ,?IS ,S*OOL 9V5T$ & EMBELLI%$ A DOCTR9E :]EBY ONLY ?AT :I* CAN BE MEASUR$ & CALCULAT$ IS 0REAL02 EV]Y?+ ELSE IS 0SECOND>Y40 ,! DOCTR9E ATTA9$ ITS CLE>E/ EXPOSITION 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,DAVID ,HUME4 ,9 ! RE/RICTIVE B\ND>IES ( ?IS DOCTR9E1 IDEALS & GOALS1 FEEL+S & COLORS1 BECAME ! 0SECOND>Y QUALITIES0 ( HUMAN EXP]I5CE4 ,S9CE BUS9ESSM5 HAVE A MONOPOLY ON MEASUREM5T & CALCULATION1 ?AT BE+ !IR ONLY CONC]N1 !N BUS9ESSM5 BECOME ! MO/ IMPORTANT MEMB]S ( ! HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,& S9CE MEASUREABLE & CALCULATIVE ACTIVITY IS ! 0PRIM>Y QUALITY0 ( LIFE1 !N EV]Y?+ BUS9ESSM5 DO IS GOOD4 ,AL?\< ,HUME DID HIMSELF DEVELOP !SE IMPLICATIONS ( HIS DOCTR9E1 HIS FOLL[]S1 ,J]EMY ,B5?AM & ,JAMES ,MILL1 DID4 ,!SE TWO PROPHETS ( PRODUCTION1 EV5 MORE HUMORLESS ?AN !IR FICTIONAL ANCE/OR ,MALVOLIO1 HELD ?AT BUS9ESS IS NOT ONLY SOCIETY'S MO/ IMPORTANT ACTIVITY1 BUT ?AT ALL BUS9ESS ACTIVITY IS DONE = 0! GREATE/ GOOD ( ! GREATE/ NUMB]40 ,! PRO( ( ?IS 0EMPIRICAL0 CLAIM WAS D]IV$1 NOT FROM CONSULT+ ! GREATE/ NUMB]1 BUT FROM CONSULT+ ! ASSUMPTIONS ( ,HUME'S DOCTR9E4 

,:5 ! BRE$+ ( MONEY BECAME ! MA9 PREOCCUPATION ( AN 5TIRE SOCIETY1 ALL O!R HUMAN ACTIVITIES W]E =C$ 9TO ! SAME N>R[ *ANNEL1 & 9 TIME ! PRACTITION]S & PR(ESSORS ( O!R ACTIVITIES FELL 9 L9E4 ,LIT]ATURE1 :I* UNTIL ! ADV5T ( CAPITALISM HAD BE5 MAN'S PRIM>Y MEANS ( COMMUNICAT+ 9TELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL EXP]I5CE1 BECAME = DIE BUS9ESSM5 A TRIVIAL PA/IME4 ,! ONLY FUNCTION ( LIT]ATURE WAS TO PROVIDE 05T]TA9M5T0 = TIR$ M5 ( BUS9ESS AFT] !Y W]E DONE ) ! DAY'S C\NT+4 ,AL?\< LIT]ACY ROSE1 ! BOOKS ( GREAT WRIT]S HAD DIM9I%+ AUDI5CES UNTIL !Y W]E READ EXCLUSIVELY BY ! 0BOHEMIANS0 & ! 0MISFITS0 ( CAPITALISM4 ,MEAN:ILE1 A NEW CROP ( 0WRIT]S0 APPE>$ ON ! LIT]>Y SC5E1 A GR\P ( M5 :O W\LD 0PRODUCE0 LIT]ATURE TO FILL ! BUS9ESSM5'S NE$S4 ,!SE LIT]>Y CAPITALI/S 0PRODUC$0 NOVELS1 POEMS1 & PLAYS1 ! SAME WAY BUS9ESSM5 PRODUC$ COMMODITIES4 ,& ! PURPOSE ( ! 5T]TA9M5T-COMMODITIES WAS ! SAME AS ! PURPOSE ( ALL BUS9ESS ACTIVITY3 TO FET* PR(IT4 ,:]E BUS9ESSM5 ?OR\<LY 9FILTRAT$ ! $UCATIONAL FIELD1 AS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,NAZI ,G]MANY1 *ILDR5 W]E PU%$ ?R\< AN 0$UCATIONAL SY/EM0 ON A F>E MADE UP ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ( 5T]TA9M5T- COMMODITIES & PROPAG&A-GOODS4 ,>T1 :I* BE=E CAPITALISM HAD BE5 AN EXPLORATION ( ! DIM5SIONS ( REALITY 9 VISUAL T]MS1 BECAME SO ?OR\<LY DEGRAD$ BY ! M5 BL9D$ BY PR(ITS1 ?AT EV5 S]I\S >TI/S LO/ !IR VITALITY4 ,:5 ! 9/RUM5TS ( PA9T]S CAME TO BE US$ = ! ADV]TISEM5T ( COMMODITIES1 AN IRREP>ABLE DEA?-BL[ WAS DEALT TO ,WE/]N >T4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,EUROPEAN >T S9CE ! ,R5AISSANCE IS ! TRAGIC /ORY ( A BRILLIANT BEG9N+ FOLL[$ BY A RU?LESSLY UNBROK5 DET]IORATION4 ,! PA9T]S' OP5 OR TACIT PROTE/ AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ DEBAU*]Y ( VISUAL REALITY HAS BE5 C>RI$ SO F> ?AT ! TW5TIE? C5TURY ,AM]ICAN PA9T]S SPLA%+ GROTESQUE FOOTNOTES ON TO ! NIHILI/IC ,D,A,D,A HAVE ATTA9$ CREATIVE FRE$OM ONLY BY PASS+ 9TO LUNACY4 

,ALONG ) ! DEGRADATION ( CREATIVE ACTIVITY CAME ! GLORIFICATION ( BUS9ESS ACTIVITY4 ,! V]Y IMP]SONALITY ( ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION GAVE ! M5 ( MONEY AN ILLUSION ( ITS SPIRITUALITY4 ,9 ORD] TO PRODUCE EV] 9CREAS+ AM\NTS ( PR(IT1 ! E>LY BUS9ESSMAN HAD TO BE FRUGAL 9 HIS SP5D+ HABITS3 0! MORE !RE IS ( IT1 ! MORE IT PRODUCES AT EV]Y TURN44,COMP>+ HIS [N MIS]L9ESS & SELF-REPRESSION ) ! DEBAU*]Y & EXTRAVAGANCE ( ! >I/OCRACY1 ! BUS9ESSMAN ?\<T ( HIMSELF AS ALMO/ A SA9T1 & HIS LAT] ADMIR]S CALL$ HIM 0ASCETIC40 ,H[EV]1 ASCETICISM REF]S TO A CONC]N ) 9TELLECTUAL OR SPIRITUAL AS OPPOS$ TO MAT]IAL 9T]E/S1 :]EAS ! BUS9ESSMAN'S EXCLUSIVE CONC]N ) WEAL? & ITS ACCUMULATION IS ! EPITOME ( SELF-9DULG5CE4 ,! MI/AK5 NOTION ( A BUS9ESSMAN'S 0ASCETICISM0 GREW UP BECAUSE !RE WAS A PURELY EXT]NAL SIMIL>ITY BETWE5 ! HABITS ( E>LY PR(IT-MAK]S & ?OSE ( SOME ASCETICS1 AL?\< ! CONT5T ( ! HABITS HAD NO SIMIL>ITY :ATEV]4 ,! BUS9ESSMAN WAS ?\<T 0ASCETIC0 BECAUSE HE DEVOT$ ! SAME S+LE-M9D$NESS TO ! PURSUIT ( WEAL? AS AN >TI/ DEVOT$ TO ! CREATION ( A WORK ( >T4 ,HE WAS ?\<T 0ASCETIC0 BECAUSE HE DISCIPL9$ & REGIM5T$ HIMSELF AS MU* AS A MONK :OSE LIFE WAS 0AS REGUL> AS CLOCKWORK40 ,HE WAS EV5 ?\<T 0ASCETIC0 BECAUSE HIS B\NDLESS GRE$ 5ABL$ HIM TO VISUALIZE A GREAT ACCUMULATION ( WEAL? AS 5?USIA/ICALLY AS A PROPHET VISUALIZES AN IDEAL4 ,! ILLUSION ( A BUS9ESSMAN'S 0ASCETICISM0 CAN ONLY BE MA9TA9$ IF ONE OMITS M5TION+ ?AT ALL !SE ADMIRABLE VIRTUES ( DEVOTION1 SELF-DISCIPL9E1 & VISION1 W]E PUT AT ! S]VICE ( A V]Y CRUDE & S5SUAL GOAL3 ! ACCUMULATION ( WEAL? & PRIVILEGE4 

,BETWE5 ,MALVOLIO & ,ROCKEFELL] /&S ,DANIEL ,DEFOE1 AU?OR ( ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE & PROPHET ( ! ,PR(ITABLE ,LIFE4 ,A FAVORITE !ME ( ,DEFOE'S 0PRACTICAL0 WRIT+S WAS ,! ,GREAT ,LAW ( ,SUBORD9ATION4 ,EV]YONE 9 SOCIETY MU/ KN[ HIS 0PLACE0 9 RELATION TO ! SOCIETY'S MA/]S1 ! M5 ( BUS9ESS4 ,CONJUGAL ,H>MONY1 ! PRIME REQUISITE ( A BUS9ESSMAN'S ORD]$ LIFE1 DEF9ES ! MA/]-SLAVE RELATION%IP AS IT APPLIES TO HUSB& & WIFE3 ! HUSB& COMM&S1 ! WIFE OBEYS4 ,! WIFE MU/ KN[ ?AT %E IS NO MORE ?AN H] HUSB&'S PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,9 ! E>LY DAYS ( CAPITALISM1 :5 !RE W]E /ILL 0WOM5 ( BLOOD0 9 ,WE/]N SOCIETY1 BUS9ESSM5 (T5 PAID G5]\S SUMS = WIVES ) IMPRESSIVE P$IGREES4 ,! ,GREAT ,LAW ( ,SUBORD9ATION ALSO DECREES ?AT ! SON'S ACTIVITY %ALL CONSI/ EXCLUSIVELY ( OB$I5CE1 UNTIL HIS APPR5TICE%IP IS OV] & HE1 9 TURN1 EXACTS OB$I5CE4 ,&1 NE$LESS TO SAY1 OB$I5CE CON/ITUTES ! MORALITY ( S]VANTS1 T5ANTS1 WORK]S4444 ,OB$I5CE & SUBORD9ATION1 ! MORALITY ( SLAVES1 BECAME ! VIRTUES ( ! 5TIRE WORK+ POPULATION4 ,! FEUDAL RELATIONS ( NOBLE OV] S]F1 ,*UR* OV] ,%EEP1 BECAME EV5 FUR!R RIGIDIFI$4 ,FA!R-SON1 HUSB&-WIFE1 EMPLOY]-WORK]1 MA/]-S]VANT3 !SE >E ! RELATIONS ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,S9CE ! SAME MAN1 ! FA!R-HUSB&-EMPLOY]-MA/]1 IS ! TOP HALF ( EV]Y RELATION1 ?IS >RANGEM5T IS = HIM ! ,NEW ,FRE$OM4 ,AS ,PRESID5T ,JOHN ,ADAMS HAD SAID1 0WEAL? IS ! GREAT MA*9E = GOV]N+ ! WORLD40.<#a#a#e.> ,H[EV]1 FROM ! LATE EI<TE5? C5TURY ON1 REVOLUTION>Y DEMOCRATS *ALL5G$ ?IS RELATION%IP1 & ! BUS9ESSM5 BECAME DEA?LY AFRAID4 ,!Y HE>D ,GRAC*US ,BABUEFS CRY1 0,\R BUT*]S HAVE TAU<T US BAD MANN]S10 & !Y TREMBL$4 ,!Y HAD SO ?OR\<LY 9CLUCAT$ A :OLE SOCIETY ) ! MA/]-SLAVE MORALITY ?AT !Y FE>$ A SOCIAL UPRIS+ W\LD TURN ! TABLES & NEW MA/]S W\LD PRACTICE ! ,GREAT ,LAW ( ,SUBORD9ATION ) =M] BUS9ESSM5 AS S]VANTS4 

,DEFOE'S ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE WAS /R&$ ON AN ISL&4 ,HE WAS A V]Y PRACTICAL MAN4 ,HE CONV]T$ ! ISL& 9TO A WORLD MADE UP EXCLUSIVELY ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY--A WORLD MA/]$ & MANAG$ BY ONE ,COMPLETE ,5GLI% ,TRADESMAN4 ,HE CONV]T$ A 0WILD MAN0 9TO A S]VANT1 9TO ,HIS ,MAN ,FRIDAY1 9TO A SUBORD9ATE :O UND]/OOD OB$I5CE4 ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE CONV]T$ NATURE'S ORD]1 :I* TO HIM MEANT *AOS1 9TO ! DRAB ECONOMIC ORD] ( ! ,5GLI% ,TRADESMAN4 ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOE HAD A BIG DESIRE TO DOM9ATE & A SMALL IMAG9ATION4 ,HE BECAME ! H]O ( ! BUS9ESS CLASS4 

,EA* CAPITALI/ WANTS HIS [N ISL&--HIS [N CLOS$ WORLD :]E HE HAS A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[]4 ,DIRECT 9TELLECTUAL DOM9ATION DID NOT1 UNTIL V]Y REC5TLY1 9T]E/ CAPITALI/S1 BECAUSE ! REALM ( IDEAS DOES NOT YIELD ECONOMIC PR(ITS4 ,IT WAS ! DESIRE = A MONOPOLY ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ?AT PROVID$ ! 0DRIVE0 ( CAPITALISM4 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS DESCRIB$ ! MANN] 9 :I* ! ,ROB9SON ,CRUSOES ( ,AM]ICA1 ! ,EXEMPL>S ( ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE1 CONSOLIDAT$ !IR ECONOMIC EMPIRES4 0,! ROBB] B>ONS1 AS ! TYCOONS ( ! PO/-,CIVIL-,W> ]A CAME TO BE CALL$1 DESC5D$ UPON ! 9VE/+ PUBLIC MU* AS A SW>M ( WOM5 MI<T DESC5D 9TO A B>GA9 BASEM5T ON ,SATURDAY MORN+4 ,!Y EXPLOIT$ NATIONAL RES\RCES1 WAG$ ECONOMIC W>S AMONG !MSELVES1 5T]$ 9TO COMB9ATIONS1 MADE PRIVATE CAPITAL \T ( ! PUBLIC DOMA91 & US$ ANY & EV]Y ME?OD TO A*IEVE !IR 5DS4 ,!Y MADE AGREEM5TS ) RAILROADS = REBATES2 !Y PUR*AS$ NEWSPAP]S & B\<T $ITORS2 !Y KILL$ (F COMPET+ & 9DEP5D5T BUS9ESSES1 & EMPLOY$ LAWY]S ( SKILL & /ATESM5 ( REPUTE TO SU/A9 !IR RI<TS & SECURE !IR PRIVILEGES4 ,!RE IS SOME?+ DEMONIC AB\T !SE LORDS ( CREATION2 IT IS NOT M]ELY RHETORIC TO CALL !M ROBB] B>ONS4 ,P]HAPS !RE IS NO /RAI<T=W>D ECONOMIC WAY TO ACCUMULATE @s#a MILLION = PRIVATE USE2 AL?\<1 ( C\RSE1 ALONG ! WAY ! UN/RAI<T=W>D WAYS CAN BE DELEGAT$ & ! APPROPRIATOR'S H&S KEPT CLEAN4 ,IF ALL ! BIG MONEY IS NOT EASY MONEY1 ALL ! EASY MONEY ?AT IS SAFE IS BIG4 ,IT IS BETT]1 SO ! IMAGE RUNS1 TO TAKE ONE DIME FROM EA* (T5 MILLION PEOPLE AT ! PO9T ( A CORPORATION ?AN @s#a1 FROM EA* (T5 BANKS AT ! PO9T ( A GUN4 ,IT IS ALSO SAF]40.<#a#a#f.> ,?IS WAS CALL$ 0,FREE ,COMPETITION40 ,BIG FI% EAT LITTLE FI%1 EXCEPT ?AT 9 ! SEA ! BIG FI% DIE :ILE LITTLE FI% MULTIPLY V]Y RAPIDLY1 :]EAS 9 ,AM]ICA ! BIG FI% BECOME CONSOLIDAT$ 9TO IMMORTAL CORPORATIONS :ILE ! LITTLE FI% >E =EV] EXT]M9AT$4 

,9 ! LATE N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ! ,5GLI% PHILOSOPH] ,H]B]T ,SP5C] ]RONE\SLY READ 9TO ,D>W9'S BIOLOGICAL !ORIES A JU/IFICATION ( TYCOONS4 ,BESIDES HIS !ORY ( EVOLUTION1 ,D>W9 HAD ALSO DEVELOP$ A !ORY ( NATURAL SELECTION :I* TRI$ TO EXPLA9 ! SURVIVAL & EXT9CTION ( SPECIES ON ! BASIS ( !IR ABILITY TO COPE ) !IR 5VIRONM5T1 ?AT IS1 !IR 0FITNESS40 ,S9CE PRO( IS H>D TO COME BY 9 !SE MATT]S1 ! !ORY REMA9S TILL TODAY A METAPHYSICAL ASS]TION1 A PLAUSIBLE GUESS4 ,AS A GUESS1 IT IS ONE AMONG MANY4 ,D>W9'S CONTEMPOR>Y1 ,PR9CE ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 >GU$ ?AT SPECIES SURVIVE BECAUSE !Y COOP]ATE1 & MORE REC5TLY ,IMMANUEL ,VELIKOVSKY HAS >GU$ ?AT 0FIT0 AS WELL AS 0UNFIT0 SPECIES >E EXT+UI%$ BY NATURAL CATA/ROPHE1 NOT NATURAL SELECTION4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ,H]B]T ,SP5C] CON/RUCT$ AN ]UDITE ,MORAL ,SCI5CE \T ( ,D>W9'S BIOLOGICAL GUESS4 ,= ,SP5C]1 ,D>W9 HAD 0PROV$0 ?AT ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE1 NATURAL SELECTION1 & ! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/1 W]E ! V]Y ESS5CE ( LIFE4 ,! MO/ BLOOD?IR/Y ANIMALS1 ! MO/ RU?LESS ?IEVES & MURD]]S1 ! ,ROCKEFELL]S1 ,C>NEGIES1 ,RHODESES & ,LEOPOLDS1 W9 ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE4 ,! ROLE ( CREATIVE 9TELLECT & IMAG9ATION 9 ! BUILD+ ( HUMAN CULTURE WAS EASILY =GOTT5 9 AN AGE :5 BIG CAPITALI/S W]E DESPOIL+ EV]Y C\NTRYSIDE ) UGLY MONUM5TS ( !IR RU?LESS LU/ = P[]4 ,M5 FILL$ ) ! LI<T ( ,SP5C]'S DOCTR9E FAIL$ TO OBS]VE ?AT DOGS R>ELY EAT DOGS1 OR MONKEYS1 MONKEYS2 !Y FAIL$ TO NOTICE ?AT NOT ONE ANIMAL DE/ROYS MEMB]S ( ITS [N SPECIES ! WAY CAPITALI/S DE/ROY$ O!R M54 

,AS COMPETITION FULFILLS ITS PURPOSE1 ! 0FITTE/0 DO AWAY ) ALL COMPETITORS & ATTA9 A MONOPOLY ON ONE ACTIVITY AFT] ANO!R4 ,AS EA* CORPORATION CONSOLIDATES ALL PHASES ( A C]TA9 ACTIVITY1 IT CEASES TO WA/E ITS PR(ITS RU9+ ITS PE]S & TURNS ITS COMPETITIVE MA*9]Y AGA9/ ! RE/ ( SOCIETY4 ,:5 ! CAPITALI/ ATTA9S HIS DREAM & BECOMES ! MA/] & SOLE SUPPLI] ( HIS 0ISL&10 HE />TS TO 0COMPETE0 AGA9/ HIS [N WORK]S & AGA9/ ! CONSUM]S ( HIS PRODUCTS4 ,! VA/ ME*ANICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL MA*9]Y' ( ! COMM]CIAL SOCIETY IS !N TURN$ TO ! DEHUMANIZATION ( WORK]S & ! MANIPULATION ( CONSUM]S4 

,! CAPITALI/ CORPORATION IS A PRIVATE CORPORATION4 ,ITS ONLY FUNCTION IS TO 9CREASE ! WEAL? ( ! RI* M5 :O [N IT4 ,IT IS RUN BY MANAG]S :O >E HIR$ TO SEE TO IT ?AT ! RI* PR(IT4 ,! ?+S PRODUC$ >E IRRELEVANT SO LONG AS !Y >E PR(ITABLE4 ,?AT IS1 ?+S >E NOT PRODUC$ TO B5EFIT ! PEOPLE :O BUY !M1 BUT TO PR(IT ! CORPORATION [N]S4 ,USEFUL ?+S >E PRODUC$ IF1 & ONLY IF1 !Y >E PR(ITABLE4 ,S9CE ! MANAG] IS HIR$ TO MAXIMIZE ! PR(ITS ( HIS EMPLOY]S1 HE IS NOT 9T]E/$ 9 ! QUALITY OR HUMAN VALUE ( A PRODUCT1 BUT ONLY 9 ITS PR(ITABILITY4 ,HE (T5 F9DS ?AT USELESS PRODUCTS ( POOR QUALITY CAN BE MU* MORE PR(ITABLE1 IF PROP]LY ADV]TIS$1 ?AN USEFUL PRODUCTS ( HI< QUALITY4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT ! MANAG] IS A 0BAD MAN20 IT JU/ IS NOT HIS 0JOB0 TO MAKE USEFUL PRODUCTS ( HI< QUALITY--NOT SO LONG AS ! SY/EM ( PRIVATE PR(IT SURVIVES AMONG M54 ,IF PR(ITABILITY IS ! MEASURE ( M5 & ?+S1 !N ! VA/ RES\RCES & 5]GY ?AT C\LD BE US$ = HUMAN GR[? & DEVELOPM5T WILL BE 09VE/$0 9 ADV]TIS+-M51 SALESM51 PUBLIC RELATIONS M51 & WEAPON MAK+ M54 

,! CAPITALI/ :O DOESN'T CAT* ON TO ! FACT ?AT ADV]TISEM5TS BR+ BIGG] PR(ITS ?AN QUALITY1 :O REMA9S UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT PEOPLE WILL BUY ?+S SO LONG AS !Y >E WELL MADE--IF SU* A CAPITALI/ GOES ON 09VE/+0 9 QUALITY 9/EAD ( PUBLIC RELATIONS1 HE WILL QUICKLY FALL D[N ! TUBE ( ,FAILURE1 HE WILL LOSE ! /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL & BECOME EXT9CT4 

,?OSE :O 0SURVIVE0 >E ?OSE :O CAN BUY ! BE/ SY/EMS ( ADV]TISEM5T1 PUBLIC RELATIONS1 & SALESMAN%IP--?OSE :O CAN EFFECTIVELY P$DLE ! ,BIG ,LIES1 PRESSURE CU/OM]S 9TO BUY+ :AT !Y DO NOT WANT1 & MANIPULATE HUMAN BE+S 9TO DESIR+ :AT !Y DO NOT NE$4 ,! VA/ SY/EM ( ORGANIZ$ MANIPULATION ( HUMAN BE+S1 :]E ALL MEANS JU/IFY ! 5D ( BIG PR(ITS1 IS ! 0NATURAL SELECTION0 BY :I* ! HOLD]S ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY MA9TA9 !IR DOM9ION4 

 "9"9"9 

,! SQUID 444 WAS CONSID]$ ! RI<TFUL PREY ( ! LOB/]2 & ! LATT] HAD NO O!R FOOD (F]$ HIM4 ,! LOB/] LAY AT ! BOTTOM ( ! CLE> GLASS TANK ON ! YELL[ S&1 APP>5TLY SEE+ NO?+--Y\ C\LD NOT TELL 9 :I* WAY HIS BEADY1 BLACK BUTTONS ( EYES W]E LOOK+--BUT APP>5TLY !Y W]E NEV] (F ! BODY ( ! SQUID4444 ,! .<LOB/].>1 AS Y\NG ,C[P]WOOD WAS ONE DAY A WITNESS1 W\LD LEAP LIKE A CATAPULT TO :]E ! SQUID WAS APP>5TLY IDLY DREAM+1 & ! SQUID1 V]Y AL]T1 W\LD D>T AWAY1 %OOT+ \T AT ! SAME TIME A CL\D ( 9K1 BEH9D :I* IT W\LD DISAPPE>4 ,IT WAS NOT ALWAYS COMPLETELY SUCCESSFUL1 H[EV]4 ,SOME SMALL PORTIONS ( ITS BODY OR ITS TAIL W]E FREQU5TLY LEFT 9 ! CLAWS ( ! MON/] BEL[4 ,DAYS PASS$1 &1 N[ FASC9AT$ BY ! DRAMA1 Y\NG ,C[P]WOOD CAME DAILY4444 

,HE RETURN$ ONE NI<T1 & LO6 TO HIS GRIEF & A/ONI%M5T1 HIS WI% WAS GRANT$4 ,!RE WAS A LITTLE CR[D >\ND ! TANK4 ,! LOB/] WAS 9 ! CORN]4 ,BE=E HIM WAS ! SQUID CUT 9 TWO & P>TIALLY DEV\R$4 

0,?AT'S ! WAY IT HAS TO BE1 ,I GUESS10 HE COMM5T$ TO HIMSELF4 0,?AT SQUID WASN'T QUICK 5\<4 ,HE DIDN'T HAVE ANY?+ TO FE$ ON40 ,HE FIGUR$ IT \T4 ,! SQUID C\LDN'T KILL ! LOB/]--HE HAD NO WEAPON4 ,! LOB/] C\LD KILL ! SQUID-- HE WAS HEAVILY >M$4 ,!RE WAS NO?+ = ! SQUID TO FE$ ON2 ! LOB/] HAD ! SQUID AS PREY4 ,:AT WAS ! RESULT TO BE8 ,:AT ELSE C\LD IT BE8.<#a#a#g.> 

,WAT*+ ! LOB/] DE/ROY ! SQUID WAS ! C5TRAL EXP]I5CE ( ,!ODORE ,DREIS]'S ,F9ANCI]1 ,FRANK ,C[P]WOOD4 ,$W>D ,HYAMS HAS R5D]$ SU* AN EXP]I5CE AS AN EPIGRAM3 0,CAPITALISM TURNS M5 9TO ECONOMIC CANNIBALS &1 HAV+ DONE SO1 MI/AKES ECONOMIC CANNIBALISM = HUMAN NATURE40.<#a#a#h.> ,& ,J4 ,R4 ,WAL% HAS GIV5 A HI/ORICAL SUMM>Y ( ! SAME EV5T4 0,BY #a#i#e1 ! ,MORGANS HAD ORGANIZ$ ,U4,S4 ,/EEL1 ,G5]AL ,ELECTRIC1 ,9T]NATIONAL ,H>VE/]1 & O!R GIANTS4 ,! ,ROCKEFELL]S HAD ASSEMBL$ ,/&>D ,OIL4 ,! ,MELLONS HAD BUILT ALUM9UM1 ! ,DU,PONTS *EMICALS4 ,C5TRALIZ$ CONTROL ( 9SURANCE & BANKS HAD BE5 A*IEV$4 ,BY ! PANIC ( #a#i#g1 ! COMPETITIVE M>KET ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY HAD GONE 9 F9ANCE & 9 MANY SECTORS ( 9DU/RY4 ,WORLD ,W> ,I ACCEL]AT$ ?IS TR5D4444 

0,UND] ,MELLON1 ,HOOV]1 ,H>D+1 ,COOLIDGE1 ! BROAD REGULATOR7' P[]S ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T BECAME 9 EFFECT POLICE P[]S ( PRIVATE MONOPOLY40.<#a#a#i.> 

,DREIS]'S EPISODE TREAT$ BANK]S AS LOB/]S4 ,WE MAY CONSID] CORPORATIONS AS OCTOPI4 ,AFT] ! SQUID IS 0CUT 9 TWO & P>TIALLY DEV\R$10 ! OCTOPUS1 A L>G] RELATIVE ( ! SQUID1 5T]S ! TANK & />TS TO TEASE & TRA9 ! LOB/]4 ,BE=E LONG1 ! P[]FUL T5TACLES ( ! OCTOPUS GA9 MA/]Y ( ! FI% TANK1 & ! HUMILIAT$ LOB/] FUNCTIONS AS NO?+ MORE ?AN A TR\BLE-%OOT] = ,OCTOPORATE 9T]E/S4_<#b_> ,S9CE ,DREIS]'S FI% TANK IS ONE AMONG MANY1 & S9CE EA* FI% TANK REPRES5TS A REGION ( ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN CONT95T1 ! SPREAD ( ! OCTOPUS & ! ELONGATION & /R5G!N+ ( ITS T5TACLES IS AN OM9\S EV5T = ALL O!R =MS ( LIFE 9 ! REGION4 ,9 ! S+LE >EA ( MANUFACTUR+1 = EXAMPLE1 ,WILLIAM ,A4 ,WILLIAM HAS DESCRIB$ ! SPE$ ) :I* ! T5TACLES SPREAD4 0,BY #ahii 444 TWO ?IRDS ( ALL MANUFACTUR$ GOODS W]E PRODUC$ BY CORPORATIONS1 & BY #aibi ! FIGURE WAS MORE ?AN N9E-T5?S4 ,9 #aid ! CORPORATIONS EMPLOY$ SEV5-T5?S ( ALL WAGE E>N]S 9 MANUFACTUR+1 & BY #aibi !Y EMPLOY$ N9E-T5?S40.<#a#b.> ,! VA/NESS ( ! CORPORATE SPREAD & CONSOLIDATION HAS BE5 VIVIDLY DESCRIB$ FROM 09SIDE0 ! TANK BY ! ,CORPORATE ,LAWY] ,A4,A4 ,B]LE1 ,JR4 04449 A CONSID]ABLE & GR[+ NUMB] ( 9DU/RIES 7COV]+ AT A R\< E/IMATE #g P]C5T ( ALL ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RY7 A PATT]N HAS EM]G$4444 ,TWO OR ?REE1 OR AT MO/1 FIVE1 CORPORATIONS WILL HAVE MORE ?AN HALF ! BUS9ESS1 ! REMA9D] BE+ DIVID$ AMONG A GREAT] OR LESS NUMB] ( SMALL] CONC]NS :O MU/ NECESS>ILY LIVE )9 ! CONDITIONS MADE = !M BY ! 0,BIG ,TWO0 OR 0,BIG ,?REE0 OR 0,BIG ,FIVE0 AS ! CASE MAY BE4444 ,SLI<TLY MORE ?AN HALF .<( ,AM]ICAN ,9DU/RY.> IS [N$ \TRI<T BY NOT MORE ?AN #b CORPORATIONS40.<#a#b#a.> 

,! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION ( #aibi SEEM$ TO PUT AN 5D TO ! SPREAD ( ! GRASP+ T5TACLES4 ,IT LOOK$1 = A :ILE1 AS IF ! ,AGE ( ,MAN W\LD REPLACE ! ,]A ( ! ,OCTOPUS4 ,REVOLUTION BECAME A RESPECTABLE WORD = ! SECOND TIME 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY4 ,9 EV]Y CITY ( ! 0WORLD'S WEAL?IE/ C\NTRY10 GRUMBL+ M5 :O HAD WORK$ ALL !IR LIVES /OOD ON BREADL9ES4 ,!Y WAIT$ TO RECEIVE1 AS 0WELF>E H&\TS10 A M9UTE FRACTION ( ! VA/ MAT]IAL WEAL? !Y HAD CREAT$4 ,HUMILIAT$ M51 :O RECEIV$ AS A GIFT :AT WAS REALLY !IR [N1 QUICKLY LO/ FAI? 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY4 ,9 A BRIEF MOM5T ( LUCIDITY !Y REALIZ$ !Y W]E /ILL AT ! 0F> SIDE ( ,P>ADISE40 

,9 #a#i#c#b1 ONE YE> BE=E ,HITL] />T$ HIS TRANS=MATION ( ,G]MANY 9TO ONE VA/ WEAPON-MANUFACTUR+ CORPORATION1 ,FRANKL9 ,DELANO ,ROOSEVELT WAS ELECT$ ,PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,[+ HIS =TUNE & HIS FAME TO ! ,AM]ICAN 9/ITUTIONS ( PRIVATE WEAL? & H]$IT>Y PRIVILEGE1 ,ROOSEVELT DID NOT LOOK ) FAVOR AT ! PROSPECT ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION :I* W\LD ABOLI% PRIVATE WEAL? & PRIVILEGE4 ,BE+ A HUMANIT>IAN1 HE DID NOT ADMIRE ! ,NAZI OR ,FASCI/ 0SOLUTIONS0 TO CAPITALI/ ECONOMIC 9/ABILITY BY MEANS ( BRUTAL REPRESSION & A P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY4 ,BE+ A POLITICIAN1 HE *OSE A MIDDLE C\RSE3 TO IMPROVE ! CONDITION ( ! WORK+ POPULATION ON MILDLY SOCIALI/ L9ES1 & TO REVIVE ! CORPORATIONS ON MILDLY FASCI/ L9ES4 ,9 ?IS WAY BE KEPT AWAY ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & PO/PON$ ! >RIVAL ( AN 9DIG5\S FASCISM4 ,ROOSEVELT /OOD AT A CRUCIAL CROSSROADS 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY4 ,CONDITIONS W]E FAVORABLE1 ! TIME WAS RIPE1 & PEOPLE W]E WILL+1 = A SWEEP+ ECONOMIC *ANGE4 ,! SY/EM ( UNRE/RA9$ CORPORATE CAPITALISM C\LD NO LONG] FUNCTION4 ,ROOSEVELT /OOD AT A WAT]%$--HE C\LD HAVE LET ! CORPORATE SY/EM ROLL ON D[N ! ROAD ( DE/RUCTION & DEMOLI% ITSELF ON A DESOLATE CRAG )\T RU9+ ANY MORE HUMAN LIVES2 HE *OSE 9/EAD TO PAT* ! CORPORATE SY/EM ALONG FAMILI> L9ES ) A VA/ S*EME ( GOV]NM5TAL MA*9]Y4 ,& TO C>RY ON HIS RECON/RUCTION ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM1 HE RECRUIT$ PRECISELY ! BITT]E/ LEFT-W+ CRITICS ( CAPITALISM4 ,ROOSEVELT KNEW ?AT ! PEOPLE :O BE/ UND]/OOD ! FLAWS & ABSURDITIES ( CAPITALISM W]E NOT ! RI* M5 :O RAN & MANAG$ IT FROM ! 9SIDE1 BUT ! SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/S :O WAT*$ & RECORD$ ITS EV]Y MOVE FROM ! \TSIDE4 ,?US HE KNEW ?AT ! M5 :O C\LD PAT* & RE/ORE ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM AS A :OLE W]E NOT ! ,CORPORATE ,BO>DS ( ,DIRECTORS :O C\LD NOT SEE BEYOND ! PR(IT1 LOSS1 & !IR [N TAKE1 BUT PRECISELY ! RADICALS :O WANT$ TO OV]?R[ ! SY/EM4 ,& 0RADICALS0 W]E EAG] RECRUITS TO ,ROOSEVELT'S PROGRAM ( RECON/RUCTION4 ,! ,NEW ,DEAL WAS DESIGN$ TO GIVE A NEW />T TO A SLI<TLY MORE HUMANIT>IAN & LESS BLATANTLY BRUTAL V]SION ( ! ,OLD ,DEAL4 ,RE=MS & WELF>E MEASURES W]E 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ & LABOR UNIONS W]E LEGALIZ$--:I*1 )9 ! CONF9ES ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM1 W]E TREM5D\S A*IEVEM5TS4 ,H[EV]1 ,ROOSEVELT'S ADM9I/RATIONS ALSO CONSOLIDAT$ & COORD9AT$ ! VA/ /RUCTURE ( MONOPOLY CAPITALISM1 & 5C\RAG$ ! CORPORATION-M5 TO ADM9I/RATE !IR [N AFFAIRS BY MEANS ( GOV]NM5T AG5CIES4 ,:5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,NAZI ,W>1 & ! CONSEQU5T W> ECONOMY PUT A F9AL ,NAZI-TYPE 0PAT*0 ON ,AM]ICA'S /ILL-AIL+ ECONOMY1 ! CORPORATIONS RECRUIT$ UNWILL+LY 9TO ,ROOSEVELT'S ,RECOV]Y ,PROGRAM GA9$ WEAL? & P[] !Y C\LD NEV] HAVE REA*$ )\T ,ROOSEVELT'S 0RE=MS40 ,IT WAS DUR+ ! W>1 :ILE ,ROOSEVELT WAS /ILL ALIVE1 ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY TOOK ! %APE ( ! ECONOMIES ( ITS ,AXIS 5EMIES1 ,ITALY1 ,G]MANY & ,JAPAN4 0,DUR+ ! ,NEW ,DEAL ! CORPORATE *IEFTA9S JO9$ ! POLITICAL DIRECTORATE2 AS ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I !Y HAVE COME TO DOM9ATE IT4 ,LONG 9T]LOCK$ ) GOV]NM5T1 N[ !Y HAVE MOV$ 9TO QUITE FULL DIRECTION ( ! ECONOMY ( ! W> EF=T & ( ! PO/W> ]A40.<#a#b#b.> ,ROOSEVELT HAD />T$ HIS PRESID5TIAL C>E] AS A PROPHET ( ! SOCIALI/ LEFT4 ,:5 HE DI$1 HE LEFT BEH9D AN ,AM]ICA GOV]N$ BY A CORPORATE DIRECTORATE & SU/A9$ BY A P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY--TWO 9/ITUTIONS ?AT DEF9E ! FASCI/ /ATE4 ,! /RANGE/ IRONY ( ALL1 H[EV]1 IS ! /ORY ( SOME ( ,ROOSEVELT'S 0RADICALS03 !Y ID5TIFI$ 9T5SELY ) ! PROGRAM ( CAPITALI/ 0RECOV]Y02 !Y GREW OLD & CONS]VATIVE C>RY+ \T ! PROGRAM2 AFT] ! W>1 !Y EM]G$ 5AMOR$ ) ,AM]ICA'S ,CAPITALI/ ,SY/EM1 EV5 9 ITS SEMI-FASCI/ =M2 &1 DUR+ ! GREAT PO/W> ,PURGE ( ! #a#i#eS1 !Y VICI\SLY TURN$ ON1 BETRAY$1 & D5\NC$ AS MANY ( !IR =M] COMRADES AS !Y C\LD /ILL REMEMB]4 ,! ,NEW ,DEAL NOT ONLY /R5G!N$ ! ,AM]ICAN ,RI<T2 IT ALMO/ COMPLETELY ABOLI%$ ! ,AM]ICAN ,LEFT4 ,& PROBABLY ! GREATE/ FACTOR 9 DEBILITAT+ ! ,LEFT WAS ! SPECTACUL> P]SECUTION ( RADICALS BY !IR =M] FRI5DS4 ,?IS DISPLAY ( ! ,9=M]S1 AN EXHIBITION ( GROSS BRUTALITY1 BETRAYAL & 9HUMAN5ESS1 C\LD NOT BUT DISILLUSION ONE AB\T ! MORAL QUALITY ( ! M5 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,LEFT4 ,! MALICI\SNESS ( ! BETRAY]S WAS ITSELF ! WOR/ BL[ DEALT AGA9/ ! ,LEFT4 

 "9"9"9 

,! ECONOMY ?AT EM]G$ FROM ! ,NEW ,DEAL WAS NOT A 0,WELF>E ,/ATE40 ,IF WORK]S W]E PAID MORE WAGES1 IT WAS NOT BECAUSE ANYONE FELT ?AT M5 W]E 5TITL$ TO ! FRUITS ( !IR [N LABOR1 BUT BECAUSE BUS9ESS PSY*OLOGI/S F\ND \T ?AT WORK]S DO MORE WORK IF !Y'RE WELL-F$ & IF ! FACTORIES >E CLEAN4 ,! PO/-,NEW ,DEAL ECONOMY WAS A CORPORATE ECONOMY3 ITS FUNCTION WAS TO 0MAXIMIZE ! PR(ITS0 ( ! WEAL?IE/ M54 ,EV5 SQUIDS--9DEP5D5T SMALL BUS9ESSM5--W]E DISAPPE>+4 ,9 ! L& ) ! MY? ?AT EV]Y 0LITTLE MAN0 CAN BE A MILLIONAIRE1 !RE W]E A MILLION 0LITTLE M50 TO EV]Y MILLIONAIRE4 ,TRU/S1 MONOPOLIES1 C>TELS1 HAD BE5 0AGA9/ ! LAW0 & 0UNCON/ITUTIONAL0 = OV] HALF A C5TURY4 ,BUT ! ,JU/ICES ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 ! L&'S HI<E/ ,GU>DIANS ( ,LAW & ,CON/ITUTION1 WORE SPECIAL GLASSES :5 READ+ ,ANTI-,TRU/ LEGISLATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,JU/ICE ,D\GLAS1 FREQU5T DISS5T] FROM ! ,C\RT'S RUL+S1 0! ECONOMIC !ORIES :I* ! C\RT HAS READ 9TO ! ANTI-TRU/ LAWS HAVE FAVOR$ RA!R ?AN DISC\RAG$ MONOPOLY4 ,AS A RESULT ( ! BIG BUS9ESS PHILOSOPHY UND]LY+ .<CASES CIT$.>1 BIG BUS9ESS HAS BECOME BIGG] & BIGG]4 ,MONOPOLY HAS FL\RI%$4 ,C>TELS HAVE 9CREAS$ !IR HOLD ON ! NATION4 ,! TRU/S >E /RONG4 ,!RE IS LESS & LESS PLACE = ! 9DEP5D5T40.<#a#b#c.> ,JU/ICE ,D\GLAS' *>GE IS ODDLY REM9ISC5T ( SIMIL> *>GES MADE BY ,MADISON & ,JEFF]SON--*>GES :I* ASSUME ?AT ! CAPITALI/S :O DRAFT$ ! ,CON/ITUTION & ! ,LAWS HAD 9T5D$ TO CREATE1 )9 !IR [N DOCUM5TS1 OB/ACLES TO !IR ACQUISITION ( WEAL?4 ,IT SEEMS PROBABLE ?AT ! 9T]PRETATION ,JU/ICE ,D\GLAS CRITICIZES IS MORE HI/ORICALLY ACCURATE ?AN HIS [N1 & ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,CON/ITUTION WILL LEGALLY JU/IFY & PROTECT WEAL?1 PRIVILEGE1 & MONOPOLY1 UNTIL SU* A TIME AS ! ,AM]ICAN ,PEOPLE 0ABOLI% IT1 &1 444 9/ITUTE A NEW GOV]NM5T1 LAY+ ITS F\NDATION ON SU* PR9CIPLES1 & ORGANIZ+ ITS P[]S 9 SU* =M1 AS TO !M %ALL SEEM MO/ LIKELY TO EFFECT !IR SAFETY >ID HAPP9ESS40.<#a#b#d.> ,BUT IF ,AM]ICANS BELIEVE 9 ,FREE ,COMPETITION1 9 ! ,LAW ?AT ! 0FITTE/ SURVIVE10 %\LD !Y BE SURPRIS$ IF ONLY ! 0FITTE/0 SURVIVE8 ,MONOPOLY WAS ONLY REC5TLY A*IEV$1 BUT MONOPOLY WAS ALWAYS ! GOAL ( ! 0,FREE ,COMPETITION40 ,CAPITALI/S DIDN'T 0COMPETE0 TO HELP EA* O!R \T1 BUT TO DO AWAY ) EA* O!R4 ,9 A SOCIETY :]E M5 W]E ALL[$ TO COMPETE = ! CONTROL OV] HUMAN LIFE & DE/9Y1 ! FACT ?AT SOME M5 W\LD W9 OV]:ELM+ CONTROL WAS BUILT-9 AT ! V]Y BEG9N+4 

,AMONG CORPORATIONS1 ! 0FITTE/0 >E ! OIL COMPANIES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,LEO ,HUB]MAN & ,PAUL ,SWEEZY1 0!RE >E T5 BILLION-DOLL> OIL COMPANIES ) ASSETS ( @s#b#a4#a BILLION COMP>$ TO N9E BILLION-DOLL> COMPANIES ) ASSETS ( @s#a#h4#g BILLION 9 ALL O!R FIELDS ( 9DU/RY COMB9$40.<#a#b#e.> ,H>VEY ,O',CONNOR HAS DESCRIB$1 9 VIVID DETAIL1 ! WORK+S ( ! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL4.<#a#b#f.> ,!SE GIGANTIC OIL COMPANIES1 KN[N 9 ! 9DU/RY AS 0! MAJORS10 CONTROL EV]Y FACET ?AT HAS TO DO ) OIL1 FROM DRILL+ IT 9 ,>ABIA TO REF9+ IT 9 ,TEXAS & SELL+ IT AT ! CORN] ,ESSO /ATION4 ,SU* A MONOPOLY IS TREM5D\SLY PR(ITABLE TO ! HOLD]S ( !SE CORPORATIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,O',CONNOR1 0,A GOOD BIT ( >GUM5T HAS RAG$ >\ND ! EXACT S\RCE ( ! 9DU/RY'S PR(ITABILITY4 ,IS IT 9 ! PRODUCTION ( CRUDE1 9 ! CONTROL OV] PIPE L9ES1 9 ! REF9]IES1 OR AT ! GAS /ATION8 ,= ! 9TEGRAT$ COMPANY1 ALL F\R SECTIONS SEEM TO BE NE$$ TO ASSURE OV]-ALL PR(ITABILITY4 ,M>KET+ MAY BE RUN AT A LOSS BUT ! MAJORS FEEL ?AT )\T CONTROL OV] ! RETAIL M>KET1 PR(ITABILITY WILL BE AFFECT$ FUR!R BACK 9 ! L9E4 ,PIPE L9E PR(ITS1 :ILE IMPOS+1 >E M]ELY A BOOKKEEP+ AFFAIR1 = ! COMPANIES CAN *>GE !MSELVES AS MU* OR AS LITTLE AS !Y *OOSE = TRANSPORT+ !IR [N PRODUCT4 ,REF9+ IS AN ESS5TIAL BOTTL5ECK ( ! 9DU/RY KEPT \T ( REA* ( OV]WE5+ 9DEP5D5TS4 ,BUT ! REAL MONEY1 MO/ OIL PEOPLE AGREE1 IS 9 ! PRODUCTION ( CRUDE1 & ! RE/ ( DIE APP>ATUS M]ELY PROTECTS ?AT VITAL S\RCE FROM :I* ALL BLESS+S FL[4 ,/&>D ( ,CALI=NIA1 = EXAMPLE1 SAYS IT CO/S #hh C5TS TO PRODUCE & M>KET A B>REL ( CRUDE1 SOLD = @s#b4#i4444 ! 9DU/RY IS 9 TRU? MONOLI?IC & NOT M]ELY AN ASSEMBLY ( P>TS & DIVISIONS4 ,! FACT ?AT CONSUM]S CAN BE *>G$ PRICES F> 9 EXCESS ( TOTAL CO/S ( PRODUCTION1 REF9+1 TRANSPORT1 & M>KET+ IS ! REAL S\RCE ( PR(IT4 ,= ?OSE COMPANIES ) ACCESS TO *EAP =EIGN CRUDE1 ! PR(ITS BECOME COLOSSAL40.<#a#b#g.> ,IF ! ,9DEP5D5T ,5T]PRIS]1 H]O ( ,AM]ICAN ELEM5T>Y-S*OOL TEXT BOOKS1 WANTS TO REF9E OIL1 HE MU/ HAVE A PAT5T4 ,&1 0,/&>D ( ,J]SEY IS AFFILIAT$ ) NO LESS ?AN T5 PAT5T COMPANIES2 SOME ( ! MAJORS TEAM TOGE!R TO CONTROL A PAT5T4 ,MO/ ( !SE >E AVAILABLE TO ! 9DEP5D5T REF9]1 BUT AT A FEE :I* REPRES5TS ANO!R TOLL HE MU/ PAY TO HIS COMPETITOR = ! RI<T TO EXI/40.<#a#b#h.> ,IF AN ,9DEP5D5T ,5T]PRIS] WANTS TO DRILL HIS [N OIL1 HE MU/ BE ABLE TO TRANSPORT IT TO A REF9]Y2 HE MU/ HAVE ACCESS TO PIPE L9ES4 ,BUT H]E AGA91 0,ONLY ! MAJORS CAN BUILD SU* >T]IES = ! LIFEBLOOD ( ! 9DU/RY4 ,EV5 !Y SOMETIMES POOL !IR 9T]E/S 9 CON/RUCTION & OP]ATION ( L9ES :I* CO/ AS MU* AS @s#e1 TO @s #a1 A MILE4444 

0,! MAJORS CONTROL ! GREAT >T]IES--#h#i P]C5T BY L& & #hg P]C5T BY SEA4 ,BY LAW1 ! PIPE L9ES >E 0COMMON C>RI]S0 OP5 PRESUMABLY TO ANYONE :O HAS OIL TO TRANSPORT FROM HI!R TO YON1 BUT LITTLE 09DEP5D5T0 OIL MOVES 9 ! BIG L9ES4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 IT IS RA!R PO9TLESS1 = ! PRICE AT ! O!R 5D ( ! PIPE L9E IS JU/ AS CONTROLL$ AS ! PRICE AT ! BEG9N+4 ,! 9DEP5D5T1 IF HE USES ! L9E1 DOES SO AT ! MAJOR'S CONV5I5CE1 & IT MAY NOT BE CONV5I5T IF ! CAPACITY IS ALL TAK54 ,OR ! M9IMUM CONSIGNM5T ACCEPTABLE MAY BE SO L>GE AS TO EXCE$ ! 9DEP5D5T'S CAPACITY4444 

0,ALL BUT A NEGLIGIBLE AM\NT ( OIL1 :E!R CRUDE OR REF9$1 MU/ 5T] ! L9E AT SOME TIME2 AS ! MAJORS DO MO/ ( ! BUY+1 OIL 9 EXCESS ( 0M>KET DEM&0 CANNOT REA* ! CONSUM] 9 APPRECIABLE QUANTITY40.<#a#b#i.> 

,NOR DO ! BIG CORPORATIONS COMPETE ) EA* O!R4 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS DESCRIB$ !IR RELATION%IP1 :I* IS NOT ! RELATION%IP ( ! 0FREE COMPETITIVE M>KET0 BUT ?AT ( ! C>TELIZ$ ECONOMY4 0,! TOP CORPORATIONS >E NOT A SET ( SPL5DIDLY ISOLAT$ GIANTS4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 KNIT TOGE!R BY EXPLICIT ASSOCIATIONS1 )9 !IR RESPECTIVE 9DU/RIES & REGIONS & 9 SUPRA-ASSOCIATIONS SU* AS ! ,N,A,M4 ,!SE ASSOCIATIONS ORGANIZE A UNITY AMONG ! MANAG]IAL ELITE & O!R MEMB]S ( ! CORPORATE RI*4 ,!Y TRANSLATE N>R[ ECONOMIC P[]S 9TO 9DU/RY WIDE & CLASS-WIDE P[]S2 & !Y USE !SE P[]S1 FIR/1 ON ! ECONOMIC FRONT1 = EXAMPLE ) REF]5CE TO LABOR & ITS ORGANIZATIONS2 &1 SECOND1 ON ! POLITICAL FRONT1 = EXAMPLE 9 !IR L>GE ROLE 9 ! POLITICAL SPH]E4 ,& !Y 9FUSE 9TO ! RANKS ( SMALL] BUS9ESSM5 ! VIEWS ( BIG BUS9ESS40.<#a#c.> ,IF1 = EXAMPLE1 ! OIL CORPORATIONS COMPET$ ) EA* O!R1 GASOL9E W\LD BE V]Y *EAP 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BECAUSE ! ,FREE ,M>KET W\LD BE LIT]ALLY FLOOD$ ) IT4 ,BUT ! M>KET ISN'T FLOOD$4 ,UND] ! GUISE ( 0FREE COMPETITION10 !RE >E 9 FACT COMMISS>S :O CONTROL & PLAN & LIMIT ! PRODUCTION ( OIL4 ,! FUNCTION ( !SE 9DIG5\S ,AM]ICAN COMMISS>S IS ACTUALLY V]Y SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ECONOMIC PLANN]S 9 ! ,U,S,S,R1 ) ! MA9 DIFF]5CE ?AT ! !ORY ( ,SOVIET PLANN+ IS TO B5EFIT SOCIETY AS A :OLE :]EAS ! !ORY ( ,AM]ICAN PLANN+ IS TO MAXIMIZE ! PR(ITS ( ! CORPORATIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,O',CONNOR1 0,! KEY POSITION 9 ! $IFICE ( PRODUCTION CONTROL IS HELD BY ! ,TEXAS ,RAILROAD ,COMMISSION :OSE /ATE ACC\NTS = NE>LY HALF ! 5TIRE DOME/IC PRODUCTIONS ,?IS ,COMMISSION'S ACTION ON ! MAGIC M>KET DEM& FIGURES1 FLA%$ FROM ! ,BUREAU ( ,M9ES 9 ,WA%+TON EA* MON?1 SETS ! PATT]N = ! O!R OIL /ATE COMMISSIONS 444 

0,! ,COMMISSION MEETS MON?LY 9 ,AU/91 ITS MA9 MISSION BE+ TO SET ALL[ABLES = ! 5SU+ MON?4 ,BE=E ! ,COMMISSION >E ! ,U4,S4 ,BUREAU ( ,M9ES FIGURES4 ,>\ND ! ,COMMISSION]S >E ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! MAJOR CORPORATIONS :O ANN\NCE !IR 0NOM9ATIONS0 = CRUDE = ! FOLL[+ MON?4 ,COMPANY ,A SAYS IT NE$S SO MANY ?\S&S OR HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( B>RELS ( OIL1 ,COMPANY ,B ADDS ITS FIGURE1 & SO ON D[N ! L9E4 ,!SE FIGURES >E TOTAL$ & COMP>$ ) ! ,BUREAU ( ,M9ES FIGURES4 ,GOV]NM5T AG5CIES1 SU* AS ! ,PETROLEUM ,ADM9I/RATION = ,DEF5SE1 MAY ALSO (F] !IR SUGGE/IONS1 P>TICUL>LY 9 REG>D TO ! NE$S ( ! MILIT>Y4 

0,! ,COMMISSION !REUPON DECREES ! ALL[ABLES4 ,FIELDS G5]ALLY MAY BE PUT ON A #a#i-DAY PRODUCTION BASIS1 ) EA/ ,TEXAS1 ! MAJOR FIELD1 CUT SEV]AL DAYS UND]40.<#a#c#a.> 

,9 #a#i#d1 ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,JU/ICE ALMO/ TOOK ACTION AGA9/ ! OIL CORPORATIONS4 0,! ,DEP>TM5T SAID ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ,PETROLEUM ,9/ITUTE & ! MAJORS W]E A COMB9ATION ) MONOPOLI/IC P[]1 DOM9AT+ EA* BRAN* ( ! 9DU/RY ?R\< SIZE1 9TEGRATION1 TY+ CLAUSES1 PRICE-FIX+1 & RE/RICTION ( PRODUCTION40.<#a#c#b.> ,H[EV]1 :5 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,W>1 ! CASE WAS PO/PON$1 S9CE1 AS ,O',CONNOR PO9TS \T1 0!RE C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 A W>1 MU* LESS A VICTORY1 IF ! 9DICAT$ FIRMS W\LD NOT COOP]ATE ) ! GOV]NM5T :I* HAD 9DICT$ !M4 ,SO ! SUIT WAS PUT ON ! %ELF = ! DURATION4 ,9 #a#i#d#f1 IT WAS DU/$ (F1 BUT NEI!R ,ATTORNEY ,G5]AL ,TOM ,C4 ,CL>K1 ( ,TEXAS1 NOR HIS SUCCESSOR1 ,J4 ,H[>D ,MC,GRA?1 PRESS$ IT1 & IT DI$ A LACKADAISICAL DEA? 9 #aiea UND] CIRCUM/ANCES :I* ON O!R TIMES & O!R L&S MI<T WELL HAVE EXCIT$ MORE CURIOSITY ?AN WAS %[N H]E40.<#a#c#c.> ,9 ACTUAL FACT1 !RE IS NOT AS MU* GOV]NM5T CONTROL ( ! CORPORATIONS AS GOV]NM5T CONTROL = ! CORPORATIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A FIELD AS UNPR(ITABLE AS ! DEVELOPM5T ( P[] FROM NUCLE> 5]GY IS LEFT = ! GOV]NM5T TO EXPLORE ) PUBLIC MONEY4 ,AS SOON AS ! SALE ( NUCLE> 5]GY BECOMES A PR(ITABLE AFFAIR1 IT MU/ BE GIV5 TO 0PRIVATE 5T]PRISE10 ?AT IS1 TO ! CORPORATIONS4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T1 ESPECIALLY AFT] ! ,NEW ,DEAL1 HAS BE5 A CORPORATE CONV5I5CE4 ,COMP>$ TO ! PRES5T %APE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY1 ,HAMILTON'S >I/OCRATIC REGIME WAS ALMO/ DEMOCRATIC4 ,HAMILTON'S PROGRAM = 0! RI* & WELL BORN0 HAD BE5 DESIGN$ TO B5EFIT ALL CAPITALI/S AT ! EXP5SE ( ! RE/ ( ! NATION4 ,BUT EV5 ,HAMILTON MI<T GASP AT ! SI<T ( ! CORPORATE REGIME ( TODAY1 :I* 5RI*ES ! WEAL?IE/ CAPITALI/S AT ! EXP5SE1 NOT ONLY ( ! 5TIRE WORK+ POPULATION1 BUT ( ! MAJORITY ( SMALL] CAPITALI/S AS WELL4 

,SOME ( ! M>VELS ( DI/RIBUTION RESULT+ FROM ! CORPORATE >RANGEM5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN 0DEMOCRACY0 >E TRULY /RIK+4 0,AT ! V]Y TOP ( ! MID-C5TURY ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY1 !RE >E SOME #ab PEOPLE :O EA* YE> RECEIVE A MILLION DOLL>S OR MORE4 ,JU/ BEL[ !M1 ANO!R #cgi PEOPLE APPROPRIATE BETWE5 A HALF A MILLION & A MILLION4 ,SOME #a1#c#h#c PEOPLE GET FROM @s#b#e1 TO @s#d#i#i1#i#i#i4 ,& BEL[ ALL !SE1 !RE IS ! BROAD] BASE ( #a#a1#d#i PEOPLE :O RECEIVE FROM @s#a1 TO @s#b#d#i1#i#i#i40.<#a#c#d.> ,& BEL[ !SE1 !RE IS ! YET BROAD] BASE ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O RECEIVE LESS ?AN @s#a1 A YE>1 SOMETIMES LESS ?AN @s#a4 ,& BEL[ EV5 !SE1 !RE >E ! PEOPLE 9 ! COLONIES1 ! ,GOOD ,NEI<BORS1 :O RECEIVE BETWE5 @s#c A YE> & @s#e A YE>4 ,! BIZ>RE NATURE ( ?IS DI/RIBUTION IS H>D TO GRASP4 ,TO UND]/& A PH5OM5ON1 ONE MU/ BE FAMILI> ) IT 9 SOME WAY1 & 9 !SE MATT]S ! FAMILI>ITY ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE EXT5DS ONLY TO ! WEEKLY PAYROLL :I* COV]S R5T1 FOOD1 GADGET-EXP5SES1 & LITTLE ELSE4 ,YET AS ,O',CONNOR PO9TS \T1 ,/&>D ,OIL ( 0,J]SEY'S ANNUAL REV5UE ( NE>LY @s#f BILLION IS GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ! ,CANADIAN GOV]NM5T1 & SIX TIMES ?AT ( ITS AFFLU5T ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN DEP5D5CY1 ,V5EZUELA4 ,ITS ANNUAL PR(IT ( HALF A BILLION IS GREAT] ?AN ! TAX REV5UES ( ALL BUT H&FUL ( /ATES40.<#a#c#e.> ,& 0! ,TEMPOR>Y ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMIC ,COMMITTEE'S FIGURES 9 #aici %[$ ?AT #dg P]C5T ( ! %>ES W]E HELD BY ! #a L>GE/ %>EHOLD]S1 & ?AT MO/ ( !SE W]E ! DESC5DANTS ( ! ORIG9AL ,ROCKEFELL] & HIS ASSOCIATES40.<#a#c#f.> ,A VIVID PASSAGE 9 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS' ,! ,P[] ,ELITE CAPTURES SOME ( ! FLAVOR ( LIV+ UND] A SOCIAL SY/EM :I* USES HUMAN BE+S AS 9/RUM5TS = ! MA9T5ANCE ( PRIVILEGE4 

0,! ECONOMY ( ,AM]ICA HAS BE5 L>GELY 9CORPORAT$1 & )9 !IR 9CORPORATION ! CORPORATE *IEFS HAVE CAPTUR$ ! TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATIONS1 ACCUMULAT$ ! EXI/+ GREAT =TUNES AS WELL AS MU* LESS]1 SCATT]$ WEAL?1 & CAPITALIZ$ ! FUTURE4 ,)9 ! F9ANCIAL & POLITICAL B\ND>IES ( ! CORPORATION1 ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION ITSELF HAS BE5 CONC5TRAT$4 ,CORPORATIONS COMM& RAW MAT]IALS1 & ! PAT5TS ON 9V5TIONS ) :I* TO TURN !M 9TO F9I%$ PRODUCTS4 ,!Y COMM& ! MO/ EXP5SIVE1 & !RE=E :AT MU/ BE ! F9E/1 LEGAL M9DS 9 ! WORLD1 TO 9V5T & TO REF9E !IR DEF5SES & !IR /RATEGIES4 ,!Y EMPLOY MAN AS PRODUC] & !Y MAKE ?AT :I* HE BUYS AS CONSUM]4 ,!Y CLO! HIM & FE$ HIM & 9VE/ HIS MONEY4 ,!Y MAKE ?AT ) :I* HE FI<TS ! W>S & !Y F9ANCE ! BALLYHOO ( ADV]TISEM5T & ! OBSCURANTI/ BUNK ( PUBLIC RELATIONS ?AT SURR\ND HIM DUR+ ! W>S & BETWE5 !N4 

0,!IR PRIVATE DECISIONS1 RESPONSIBLY MADE 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! FEUDAL-LIKE WORLD ( PRIVATE PROP]TY' & 9COME1 DET]M9E ! SIZE & %APE ( ! NATIONAL ECONOMY1 ! LEVEL ( EMPLOYM5T1 ! PUR*AS+ P[] ( ! CONSUM]1 ! PRICES ?AT >E ADV]TIS$1 ! 9VE/M5TS ?AT >E *ANNEL$4 ,NOT ',WALL ,/REET F9ANCI]S' OR BANK]S1 BUT L>GE [N]S & EXECUTIVES 9 !IR SELF-F9ANC+ CORPORATIONS HOLD ! KEYS ( ECONOMIC P[]4 ,NOT ! POLITICIANS ( ! VISIBLE GOV]NM5T1 BUT ! *IEF EXECUTIVES :O SIT 9 ! POLITICAL DIRECTORATE1 BY FACT & BY PROXY1 HOLD ! P[] & ! MEANS ( DEF5D+ ! PRIVILEGES ( !IR CORPORATE WORLD4 ,IF !Y DO NOT REIGN1 !Y DO GOV]N AT MANY ( ! VITAL PO9TS ( EV]YDAY LIFE 9 ,AM]ICA1 & NO P[]S EFFECTIVELY & CONSI/5TLY C\NT]VAIL AGA9/ !M1 NOR HAVE !Y AS CORPORATE-MADE M5 DEVELOP$ ANY EFFECTIVELY RE/RA9+ CONSCI5CE40.<#a#c#g.> 

,YET NEV] W]E ,FREE ,5T]PRISE1 ,COMPETITION1 & ,9DIVIDUAL ,SUCCESS SO GREATLY CELEBRAT$ AS 9 ! AGE ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,M5 :O HAVE NEV] KN[N H>D%IP OR /RUGGLE SPONSOR ELABORATE PROPAG&A AB\T ! VIRTUES ( COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISE4 ,IMAGES ( AN AUTOMATICALLY ADJU/+ ECONOMY MADE UP ( SMALL COMPET+ CAPITALI/S >E HELD UP = PUBLIC ADMIRATION BY CORPORATION HOLD]S :O HAVE A MONOPOLY & NEV] COMPETE4 ,IMAGES ( ! ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUAL AB\ND 9 ! SOCIETY :]E EV5 ,BEATS CANNOT SUCCESSFULLY ISOLATE !MSELVES FROM ! CORPORATE WORLD4 0,! IMAGE ( SUCCESS & ITS 9DIVIDUAT$ PSY*OLOGY >E ! MO/ LIVELY ASPECTS ( POPUL> CULTURE & ! GREATE/ DIV]SION FROM POLITICS4 ,VIRTUALLY ALL ! IMAGES ( POPUL> CULTURE >E CONC]N$ ) 9DIVIDUALS1 & MORE1 ) P>TICUL> K9DS ( 9DIVIDUALS SUCCE$+ BY 9DIVIDUAL WAYS TO 9DIVIDUAL GOALS4 ,FICTION & NONFICTION1 MOVIES & RADIO--9DE$ ALMO/ EV]Y ASPECT ( CONTEMPOR>Y MASS COMMUNICATION--ACC5TUATE 9DIVIDUAL SUCCESS4 ,:ATEV] IS DONE IS DONE BY 9DIVIDUAL EF=T1 & IF A GR\P IS 9VOLV$1 IT /R+S ALONG AFT] ! EXTRAORD9>Y LEAD]4 ,!RE IS DISPLAY$ NO UPW>D CLIMB ( & BY COLLECTIVE ACTION TO POLITICAL GOALS1 BUT 9DIVIDUALS SUCCE$+1 BY /RICTLY P]SONAL EF=TS 9 A HO/ILE 5VIRONM5T1 TO P]SONAL ECONOMIC & ]OTIC GOALS40.<#a#c#h.> 

,BUT ! ,9DIVIDUAL ,5T]PRIS]1 ! H]O ( ,AM]ICAN PROPAG&A1 DOES NOT 9 FACT EXI/4 ,! PICTURE ( AN ECONOMY ( 5T]PRIS+ BUS9ESSM5 /RUGGL+ TO REPLACE EA* O!R TO SUPPLY ! PUBLIC ) ! BE/ GOODS1 IS A 0F>-FET*$ FICTION10 9 ! WORDS ( ! ECONOMI/ ,GALBRAI?4 0,9 FACT1 ! PRES5T G5]ATION ( ,AM]ICANS1 IF IT SURVIVES1 WILL BUY ITS /EEL1 COPP]1 BRASS1 AUTOMOBILES1 TIRES1 SOAP1 %ORT5+1 BREAKFA/ FOOD1 BACON1 CIG>ETTES1 :ISKEY1 CA% REGI/]S & CASKETS FROM ONE OR ANO!R ( ! H&FUL ( FIRMS ?AT N[ SUPPLY !SE /APLES4 ,AS A MOM5T'S REFLECTION WILL E/ABLI%1 !RE HASN'T BE5 MU* *ANGE 9 ! FIRMS SUPPLY+ !SE PRODUCTS = SEV]AL DECADES40.<#a#c#i.> ,COMPETITIVE ,FREE ,5T]PRISE IS ! IDEOLOGY UND] :I* MONOPOLIES CONSOLIDAT$4 ,! CAPITALI/ 0COMPETES0 ONLY TO DO AWAY ) HIS COMPETITORS3 HE IS 9T]E/$ 9 MAXIMIZ+ HIS [N PR(ITS1 NOT 9 MA9TA9+ COMPETITORS4 ,= ! CORPORATE RI*1 0COMPETITION0 IS ! USEFUL COV] UND] :I* A MONOPOLY C>RIES ON ITS ACTIVITIES AWAY FROM PUBLIC SCRUT9Y4 ,& ! ,LITTLE ,MAN :O HAS NOT REA*$ ! ,TOP DEF5DS 0COMPETITION0 BECAUSE IT IS ! IDEOLOGY ( HIS H]OES1 ! CORPORATE RI*4 ,BUT ! ,LITTLE ,MAN DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 COMPETITION4 ,MILLS HAS RECORD$ AN 5LI<T5+ DIALOGUE ) ! PROTOTYPE ( FREE 5T]PRISE4 0,:5 SMALL BUS9ESSM5 >E ASK$ :E!R !Y ?9K FREE COMPETITION IS1 BY & L>GE1 A GOOD ?+1 !Y ANSW]1 ) AU?ORITY & VEHEM5CE1 ',YES1 ( C\RSE--:AT DO Y\ MEAN8' ,IF !Y >E !N ASK$1 ',H]E 9 ?IS1 Y\R T[N8' /ILL !Y SAY1 ',YES4' BUT N[ !Y HESITATE A LITTLE4 ,F9ALLY3 ',H[ AB\T H]E 9 ?IS T[N 9 FURNITURE8'--OR GROC]IES1 :ATEV] ! MAN'S L9E IS4 ,!IR ANSW]S >E 444 ',YES1 IF IT'S FAIR COMPETITION1' :I* TURNS \T TO MEAN3 'IF IT DOESN'T MAKE ME COMPETE4'0.<#a#d.> 

,9 ! SOCIETY :]E A H&FUL ( BILLIONAIRES & SOME HUNDR$ MILLIONAIRES [N MO/ ( :AT !RE IS TO BE [N$1 ! FAVORITE MY? SAYS ?AT EV]Y POOR MAN CAN1 ?R\< HIS [N EF=TS1 BECOME A MILLIONAIRE4 ,IF ! MY? W]E TRUE1 AT LEA/ ONE HUNDR$ MILLION H>D-WORK+ ,AM]ICANS W\LD BE MILLIONAIRES4 ,YET ! MY? IS BELIEV$4 ,EV]Y F>M]1 WORK] & BUREAUCRAT *]I%ES ! DREAM ?AT SOM$AY HE1 TOO1 WILL POPULATE ! UPP] REA*ES ( ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY4 ,& ,HOLLYWOOD SUPPLIES ! FURNITURE & ! WOM5 ?AT 5LIV5 ! DREAM4 ,IF !IR DREAMS W]E FULFILL$1 !RE W\LD BE NO UPP] REA*ES4 ,IF EV]Y MAN %>$ ! FACILITIES & ! PRIVILEGES ( ! RI*1 !RE W\LD BE NO PRIVILEGES1 & !RE W\LD BE NO RI*4 ,YET EV]Y F>M]1 WORK] & BUREAUCRAT T5ACI\SLY DEF5DS ! MY?1 F9D+ COMP5SATION 9 ! DREAM = A DRAB1 UNPRIVILEG$ REALITY4 

,I HE 9/ITUTIONS )9 :I* MILLIONS ( ,AM]ICANS SP5D !IR LIVES1 & ! 9/ITUTIONS ?R\< :I* A FEW ,AM]ICANS MA9TA9 !IR WEAL? & PRIVILEGE1 DO NOT CORRESPOND4 ,ONE EXAGG]AT$ ILLU/RATION %\LD MAKE ?IS CLE>4 ,A WAGE WORK] :O E>NS AS MU* AS @s#a A DAY SEV5 DAYS A WEEK WILL E>N A MAXIMUM ( @s#c#f1#e A YE>4 ,IF SU* A WORK] HAD NO EXP5SES1 SAV$ EV]Y S+LE P5NY1 & PAID NO TAXES :ATEV]1 IT W\LD TAKE HIM #c YE>S1 SEV5 DAYS A WEEK ) NO VACATIONS1 TO ACCUMULATE ONE MILLION DOLL>S4 ,CLE>LY IT IS NOT BY 0HONE/ LABOR0 NOR BY 0?RIFT0 ?AT A MAN BECOMES A MILLIONAIRE4 ,IF SU* A ?+ W]E REALLY POSSIBLE1 ! MY? ?AT EV]Y WORK] CAN BECOME A MILLIONAIRE W\LD NOT BE SU* A POPUL> ,AM]ICAN TALE4 ,! FACT ?AT EV]Y F>M]'S SON CAN BECOME A F>M] EXCITES NO ONE4 ,?IS MY? WAS NOT BORN 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,IT WAS KN[N TO EV]Y SOCIETY ?AT SANCTION$ 9EQUALITY & PRIVILEGE4 ,9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 F>M]S LOV$ TO HE> /ORIES AB\T A ,PR9CE :O M>RI$ A F>M]'S DAU<T]1 OR AB\T A S]F :O BECAME ,POPE4 ,IT WAS PRECISELY ! EXOTIC R>ITY ( SU* AN EV5T ?AT ACC\NT$ = ! POPUL>ITY ( ! TALE4 ,! FEW 9/ANCES :5 SU* AN EV5T TOOK PLACE BECAME FOLKLORE3 !Y W]E HELD UP = PUBLIC AWE1 ?\< NEV] = PUBLIC SCRUT9Y4 ,:5 ,/5DHAL DESCRIB$ ! FRAUD & DECEIT BY :I* A POOR BOY 0CLIMB$0 TO ! UPP] REA*ES ( ! FEUDAL SOCIETY1 HIS BOOKS W]E NOT READ4 ,?IS ASPECT ( ! MY? DID NOT BECOME POPUL> UNTIL AFT] ! FEUDAL SOCIETY HAD COLLAPS$4 

,B5JAM9 ,FRANKL9'S 9JUNCTION TO WORK H>D & SAVE EV]Y P5NY WILL NOT TAKE ONE V]Y F> 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,9DU/RY' & ?RIFT W]E 0VIRTU\S0 ME?ODS AT A TIME :5 !RE W]E NOT TOO MANY CAPITALI/S1 NOR TOO MU* WEAL?1 NOR TOO GREAT A DISCREPANCY BETWE5 RI* & POOR1 NOR TOO ELABORATE A LEGAL /RUCTURE :I* FACILITAT$ A HO?\SE BRE$+ ( WEAL?4 ,9 ! WORLD ( ! CORPORATION1 AS 9 ! OLD >I/OCRACY1 IT IS ,=TUNE ?AT PU%ES ONE UP TO ! TOP4 ,MA*IAVELLI'S 0PROVISION AGA9/ .<,=TUNE.> BY DYKES & BANKS0 IS /ILL ]ECT$ & MA9TA9$ ONLY = ! RI*4 ,ONCE A MAN REA*ES ! TOP1 ! PO/ IS H]$IT>Y4 ,! RI*E/ OIL M5 >E ! SONS & GR&SONS ( RI* OIL M54 ,BUT :5 A RAN*] DOES MAKE A LEAP 9TO ! MILLIONS1 IT IS NOT BY ?RIFT1 WORK1 TAL5T1 OR IMAG9ATION4 ,IT IS LIT]ALLY BY ,=TUNE1 BY A ,GIFT ( ! ,GODS3 0,IF Y\ HAVE OIL UND] Y\R L&1 Y\ >E LUCKY4 ,Y\ MAY ALSO BE RI*4 ,IF ! DEPOSIT IS LU% & Y\ >E A WE/ ,TEXAS CATTLE B>ON1 Y\ WILL QUICKLY ADVANCE TO FRONT RAT+ AMONG ! P>V5US4 ,HOLLYWOOD WILL BE Y\R OY/] & ,CANNES Y\R RESORT4 

0,SO F> AS Y\ >E CONC]N$1 ! :OLE ?+ IS QUITE ACCID5TAL4 ,Y\ DIDN'T PUT ! OIL !RE1 Y\ DIDN'T DISCOV] IT !RE1 & NEI!R WILL Y\ TAKE IT \T4 ,Y\ WILL M]ELY SIGN A DOCUM5T1 SOMETIMES A LEASE #h#h1 & MANNA WILL FALL FROM ! HEAV5S40.<#a#d#a.> ,! WEAL?IE/ 9VE/M5T BANK]S >E ! SONS & GR&SONS ( ! WEAL?IE/ 9VE/M5T BANK]S4 ,YET OCCASIONALLY AN \TSID]1 PROVID$ HE HAS A SMALL =TUNE TO BEG9 )1 CAN RISE TO ! TOP 9 ONE LIFETIME4 ,BUT NOT ?R\< ?RIFT OR LABOR1 IF Y\ HAD B\<T ONLY @s#i1#i WOR? ( ,G5]AL ,MOTORS /OCK 9 #a#i#a#c1 &1 RA!R ?AN USE Y\R JUDGM5T1 HAD GONE 9TO A COMA--ALL[+ ! PROCE$S TO PILE UP 9 ,G5]AL ,MOTORS--!N1 9 #a#i#e#c1 Y\ W\LD HAVE AB\T @s#g MILLION4444 

0,ONCE Y\ HAVE ! MILLION1 ADVANTAGES W\LD ACCUMULATE--EV5 = A MAN 9 A COMA40.<#a#d#b.> 

,! EXCEPTIONS1 ! M5 :O REA* ! TOP FROM BEL[1 >E BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY R>E4 ,! LI/ ( NAMES ( ! V]Y RI* IS MU* ! SAME FROM ONE DECADE TO ! NEXT1 & MO/ ( ! NAMES >E FOLL[$ BY ,JR4 OR ,I,I,I1 AS W]E =M]LY ! NAMES ( K+S4 ,BUT ! EXCEPTIONS DO /ILL HAPP51 & ! CORPORATE RI* SEE TO IT ?AT ! EXCEPTIONS CONT9UE HAPP5+ BECAUSE )\T !M ! MY? W\LD LOSE ITS PRETEXT4 ,AS SOON AS AN EXCEPTION TAKES PLACE1 ! PUBLIC RELATIONS & ADV]TIS+ M5 GO TO WORK ON IT4 ,= IT IS ! M5 ON :OM ,=TUNE HAPP5$ TO %$ H] GRACE ?AT >E HELD UP AS ! JU/IFICATION ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY ( ,LIFE4 ,! R>E M5 :O 9 ONE LIFETIME ROSE FROM DRUDG]Y TO PRIVILEGE PROVIDE A PUBLIC RELATIONS 0PRO(' ?AT EV]Y ,TEXAN CAN1 BY RAN*+ CONSCI5TI\SLY1 BECOME AN OIL MAGNATE1 ?AT EV]Y ,L[] ,EA/ ,SIDE SOAP P$DL] CAN1 BY P$DL+ SOAP IMAG9ATIVELY1 BECOME AN 9VE/M5T BANK]4 ,! RAN*] :O MAY HAVE BE5 ON VACATION :5 OIL WAS DISCOV]$ ON HIS L&1 ! P$DL] :O MAY HAVE GONE 9TO A COMA = =TY YE>S1 SUDD5LY F9DS ?AT HE IS A NATIONAL CELEBRITY4 ,EV]Y ASPECT ( HIS C>E] IS EXPLOIT$ ,= ,IMM$IATE ,RELEASE & PUBLIC CONSUMPTION4 ,! V]Y EV5T :I* DEMON/RATES ! NE>-IMPOSSIBILITY = 0! BACKWOODS BOY0 EV] TO BECOME A CORPORATION [N]1 ! V]Y ILLU/RATION ( ! RIGID /RATIFICATION ( ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY & ( ! GULF :I* SEP>ATES ?OSE :O HAVE FROM ?OSE :O DON'T1 IS US$ TO JU/IFY PRECISELY ! REV]SE4 

,! MY? S]VES MANY PURPOSES4 ,IT 9=MS ! IMPATI5T CLIMB] ?AT HE DOES1 9 FACT1 HAVE A *ANCE1 BUT HE MU/ WAIT = ITS >RIVAL4 ,IT TELLS MILLIONS ( WORK]S ?AT !Y MU/ APPLY !MSELVES 9 !IR WORK IF !Y1 TOO1 WANT TO %>E ! BIG WEAL?4 ,& IT 0PROVES0 ?AT M5 ONLY RISE 0ON !IR [N EF=TS0 & ?AT ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL 09T]F]5CE0 W\LD CURB EV]Y MAN'S 0FRE$OM0 TO RISE4 ,S9CE NO MAN WANTS TO CURB HIS [N FRE$OM TO RISE1 ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL ACTION FROM ! BOTTOM IS AVOID$ LIKE A DISEASE1 :]EAS ORGANIZ$ ACTION AT ! TOP IS ACCEPT$ AS NECESS>Y TO PROTECT EV]Y MAN'S 0FRE$OM40 

,ONCE A MAN IS ON TOP1 HE IS !RE =EV]4 ,PRIVILEGE1 9 ,AM]ICA1 IS H]$IT>Y4 ,IF A MAN 9VE/S A MILLION HE GETS T51 IF HE 9VE/S #a MILLION HE GETS BILLIONS4 ,= ?OSE ALREADY RI*1 ! MULTIPLICATION ( WEAL? IS A NEV] 5D+ PROCESS4 ,BUT ! MY? ( 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 EFFECTIVELY HIDES ?IS PROCESS FROM PUBLIC VIEW4 ,ONCE ! RI* >E ON TOP & HAVE NO COMPETITION1 !Y HIRE ! AD M5 TO CELEBRATE 0FREE COMPETITION0 TO MAKE IT APPE> ?AT ! RI* ROSE ?AT WAY4 ,ONCE ,H]$ITY OR ,*ANCE PROVIDE A MAN ) NEV]-5D+ PRIVILEGES1 HE CRIES ?AT EV]Y MAN MU/ RISE ?R\< HIS [N EF=TS4 ,9 ! ,AM]ICAN MY?OLOGY1 ,PRIVATE ,5T]PRISE IS US$ TO JU/IFY A /ATE ( AFFAIRS :]E ONLY ! RI* CAN UND]TAKE 5T]PRISES2 ,9DIVIDUALITY IS MADE SYNONYM\S ) PRIVILEGE & US$ TO CONDONE ONE 9DIVIDUAL'S ?RIV+ AT ! EXP5SE ( MILLIONS2 ,LAISSEZ ,FAIRE IS US$ TO 5SURE ?AT A GOV]NM5T CONTROLL$ BY ! V]Y RI* %ALL HAVE NO EXT]NAL 9T]F]5CE OR CONTROL4 ,UND]NEA? ! LABELS !RE'S A CORPORATE SOCIETY ?AT ?RIVES ON FRAUD & PLUND]1 MA9TA9S ITSELF ON W>1 & PROMISES ! F9AL ANNIHILATION ( MANK9D4 

0444! SOLDI] PAMP]$ & PETT$1 ! DEMOCRAT CRU%$3 ,VOILA LA ,REPUBLIQUE60.<#a#d#c.> 

O ,*APT] #d 3 ,IDEOLOGY & ,MANIPULATION 

,9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#f#a1 ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T TOLD ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,AMBASSADOR ,ADLAI ,/EV5SON TOLD ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ?AT ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T HAD 0BETRAY$0 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION4 ,?IS IS BIZ>RE4 ,CUBA HAD C>RI$ \T A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,AM]ICAS4 

,CUBA HAD NOT ONLY PROCLAIM$1 BUT SUB/ANTIALLY REALIZ$1 A PROGRAM ALMO/ ID5TICAL TO ! ONE BETRAY$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! #a#g#iS BY ,HAMILTON & ! SECURITY-HOLD+ CAPITALI/S4.<#a#d#d.> ,ONE MU/ ASSUME ?AT ,AMBASSADOR ,/EV5SON1 :O IS WIDELY KN[N AS AN 9TELLECTUAL1 IS FAMILI> ) HI/ORY--OR AT LEA/ ) ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY'4 ,YET 9 HIS \TBUR/ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 HE NOT ONLY DISPLAY$ IGNORANCE ( ! RULES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 :I* DO NOT ALL[ ! TYPE ( M$DL+ 9 ! 9T]NAL AFFAIRS ( ANO!R /ATE ?AT ,MR4 ,/EV5SON 9DULG$ 92 HE ALSO DISPLAY$ 9CR$IBLE IGNORANCE 7= AN 09TELLECTUAL07 ( HIS [N C\N- ,I TRY'S #a#g-YE> OLD BETRAYAL ( ITS [N .<REVOLUTION4 ,BE=E HIS ,AMBASSADORIAL ,I MISSION1 ,MR4 ,/EV5SON HAD E>N$ ,I GREAT FAME & POPUL>ITY AMONG ,AM]ICAN LIB]ALS = PR(ESS+ TO HOLD & *]I% ! EQUALIT>IAN DEMOCRATIC IDEALS BETRAY$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! #a#g#iS4 ,& YET HE CALL$ ' 0BETRAYAL0 ! SUCCESS ( ?OSE V]Y IDEALS2 HE T]M$ 0BETRAYAL0 ! ,CUBAN VICTORY OV] ! V]Y SY/EM ?AT HAD BETRAY$ ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,/EV5SON TOLD ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ?AT 0!RE WAS GREAT SYMPA?Y 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ! PROCLAIM$ GOALS ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION :5 IT TOOK PLACE40.<#a#d#e.> ,?IS IS A P>ADOXICAL CLAIM4 ,! LA/ TIME !RE WAS (FICIAL SYMPA?Y 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ! REALIZATION ( DEMOCRATIC GOALS WAS 9 #a#g#g#f--& ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION HAD NOT !N TAK5 PLACE4 ,YET ,MR4 ,/EV5SON'S /ATEM5T IS NOT AN \TRI<T LIE4 ,MR4 ,/EV5SON IS AN HONORABLE MAN4 ,HIS /ATEM5T DOES NOT SAY !RE WAS SYMPA?Y 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ! REALIZATION ( ! GOALS ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION2 IT SAYS !RE WAS SYMPA?Y = ! 0PROCLAIM$ GOALS40 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ,MR4 ,/EV5SON'S /ATEM5T WAS UN*ALL5GABLY TRUE & IS 9 ! BE/ TRADITION ( ,AM]ICAN RHETORIC1 :I* CONSI/S ( ! PROCLAMATION ( DEMOCRATIC IDEALS ALONGSIDE ! REALIZATION1 CONSOLIDATION1 & UNDI/URB$ GR[? ( CAPITALI/ PROP]TY1 PRIVILEGE1 & P[]4 ,DEMOCRACY IS ! IDEOLOGICAL COV] B5EA? :I* ! >I/OCRACY ( ! 0RI* & WELL BORN0 EXT5DS ITS DOM9ION4 ,& ?IS IS :AT ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION BETRAY$4 ,CUBA DID NOT M]ELY PROCLAIM A DEMOCRATIC IDEAL1 AS HAD BE5 DONE OV] & OV] AGA9 EV]Y:]E 9 ! ,AM]ICAS2 ,CUBA ALSO PROCE$$ TO C>RY \T ! DEMOCRATIC GOALS1 & BY TAK+ ?IS UNPREC$5T$ /EP ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION DEALT AN IRREP>ABLE BL[ TO ! 09T]-,AM]ICAN SY/EM0 & ! CAPITALI/ FACADE4 

,! ,CUBAN PEOPLE UND]/OOD1 FROM PA9FUL EXP]I5CE1 ?AT 0:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JU/LY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40.<#a#d#f.> ,BUT ?IS UND]/&+ WAS NOT 5\< TO C>RY ?R\< A REVOLUTION2 ) UND]/&+ ALONE1 !Y W\LD HAVE CONF9$ !IR POLITICAL ACTIVITY TO ! WRIT+ ( ,UTOPIAS4 ,!Y ALSO NE$$ ,T HOMAS ,MI9Z]'S 0C\RAGE & /R5G? TO REALIZE ! IMPOSSIBLE10 BECAUSE ! OB/ACLES >RAY$ AGA9/ !IR SUCCESS W]E EXTRAORD9>Y4 ,! H&FUL ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CORPORATIONS ) VE/$ 9T]E/S 9 ,CUBAN L&1 RES\RCES1 & M5 HAD GREAT] WEAL? & P[] ?AN ALL ,CUBA4 ,ANY ONE ( ! CORPORATIONS C\LD HAVE B\<T A PUPPET LEAD]1 SUPPLI$ AN >MY1 & 9VAD$ ,CUBA--& A COMB9ATION ( CORPORATIONS DID 9 FACT 9VADE ,CUBA UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY4 ,YET ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE SUCCESSFULLY REPELL$ ! 9VAD]S :O TRI$ TO ACCOMPLI% BY VIOL5CE :AT HAD BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ BY FRAUD AFT] ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION4 ,& ,CUBA W5T ON EXPROPRIAT+ ! CORPORATE L&LORDS 9 SPITE ( T]RIFIC PRESSURE & VIOL5T OPPOSITION F> GREAT] & BLOODI] ?AN ?AT :I* HAD PROVOK$ AN E>LI] ,FR5* REVOLUTION'S FRANTIC SELF-DEF5SE BY MEANS ( A ,REIGN ( ,T]ROR4 ,CUBANS CONT9U$ TO GIVE REALITY TO ! 0PROCLAIM$ GOALS0 ( DEMOCRACY & CONT9U$ TO BETRAY ! BRUTALLY UNDEMOCRATIC PRACTICE ( !IR COMPLAC5T ACCUS]S4 

,?US ,CUBA'S BETRAYAL WAS V]Y S]I\S4 ,CUBA HAD BETRAY$ EV]Y MAJOR PROP ( ! CAPITALI/ $IFICE4 ,AFT] ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALISM HAD SUCCE$$ 9 CONSOLIDAT+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 $UCATION1 COMMUNICATION1 & VIOL5CE1 IT HAD CLAIM$ TO POSSESS A MONOPOLY ( ! DEMOCRATIC IDEALS AS WELL4 ,CUBA'S BETRAYAL CONSI/$1 NOT ONLY ( DISRUPT+ ! MONOPOLY ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALI/S OV] ,CUBAN L&1 FOOD1 & HUMAN LIFE1 BUT ALSO ( DISRUPT+ ! MONOPOLY ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALI/S CLAIM$ OV] ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL4 ,BY DEPRIV+ ! CORPORATE RI* ( !IR PR(ITS1 !IR IDEOLOGY1 AS WELL AS !IR ABILITY TO REGA9 !IR LO/ PROP]TY & PRIVILEGE BY MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 & BY EXPOS+ 9 UNMI/AKABLE T]MS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! DEMOCRATIC PROCLAMATIONS & ! B>B>\S PRACTICE ( ! ,NOR!RN ,GOLIA?1 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION DEALT :AT IS PROBABLY ! MO/ PA9FUL BL[ FELT BY ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM S9CE ITS ,HAMILTONIAN E/ABLI%M5T4 ,! COMPLAC5CY & SMUGNESS ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM MOM5T>ILY WORE ?91 & ! WILD BEA/1 FEEL+ CAG$ = ! FIR/ TIME1 RAG$ ) A BRUTAL DET]M9ATION TO DE/ROY EV]Y LIV+ CREATURE ON E>? BE=E DEP>T+4 

 "9"9"9 

,P]HAPS ! MO/ +5I\S A*IEVEM5T ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S WAS ! MANN] 9 :I* !Y LAID CLAIM OV] ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL !Y HAD BETRAY$4 ,! 9DIGNANT ACCUSATIONS ( DEMOCRATS AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ BETRAYAL ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE HAD NOT YET DI$ D[N BE=E ! CAPITALI/S TOOK UP ! CLAIM ?AT !Y W]E !MSELVES 0! PEOPLE40 ,YET1 BE=E DIE C\P D'ETAT ( #a#g#h#g1 ! DIVISION BETWE5 DEMOCRATS & ANTI-DEMOCRATS HAD BE5 QUITE CLE>4 ,! >I/OCRATIC ,HAMILTON DID NOT ?9K HIMSELF A DEMOCRAT1 NOR DID HE CLAIM TO BE ONE4 ,HAMILTON MADE NO ATTEMPT TO HIDE HIS SYMPA?Y = ! RI* & WELL BORN OR HIS CONTEMPT = 0! MASS ( ! PEOPLE40 ,NOR DID ,HAMILTON CONSID] IT NECESS>Y TO CONCEAL FROM PUBLIC SCRUT9Y HIS VIEW ?AT 0,NO?+ BUT A P]MAN5T BODY CAN *ECK ! IMPRUD5CE ( DEMOCRACY40 ,& ,JEFF]SON1 ?\< HE WAS1 AS ,HAMILTON SAID1 0AS LIKELY AS ANY MAN ,I KN[ TO TEMPORIZE 444 & ! PROBABLE RESULT ( SU* A TEMP] IS ! PRES]VATION ( SY/EMS10.<#a#d#g.> NEV]!LESS DID NOT SURR5D] HIS DEMOCRATIC !ORY TO ! SY/EM ) :I* HE 0TEMPORIZ$0 9 PRACTICE4 ,EV5 AS LATE AS #a#h#b#c1 AFT] ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALI/S HAD 5JOY$ ?IRTY LUCRATIVE YE>S AS ! ,NEW ,WORLD'S RUL+ CLASS1 ,JEFF]SON /ILL HELD ?AT CAPITALI/S CON/ITUT$ AN >I/OCRACY ( PRIVILEGE1 ?AT ! NEW >I/OCRACY1 AS ! OLD1 W\LD GOV]N BY MEANS ( =CE1 FRAUD1 & ! MA9T5ANCE ( IGNORANCE1 & ?AT >I/OCRACY WAS NOT SYNONYM\S ) DEMOCRACY3 0444AT ! =MATION ( \R GOV]NM5T1 MANY HAD =M$ !IR POLITICAL OP9IONS ON ,EUROPEAN WRIT+S & PRACTICES1 BELIEV+ ! EXP]I5CE ( OLD C\NTRIES1 & ESPECIALLY ( ,5GL&1 ABUSIVE AS IT WAS1 TO BE A SAF] GUIDE ?AN M]E !ORY4 ,! DOCTR9ES ( ,EUROPE W]E1 ?AT M5 9 NUM]\S ASSOCIATIONS CANNOT BE RE/RA9$ )9 ! LIMITS ( ORD] & JU/ICE1 BUT BY =CES PHYSICAL & MORAL1 WIELD$ OV] !M BY AU?ORITIES 9DEP5D5T ( !IR WILL4 ,H5CE !IR ORGANIZATION ( K+S1 H]$IT>Y NOBLES1 & PRIE/S4 ,/ILL FUR!R TO CON/RA9 ! BRUTE =CE ( ! PEOPLE1 !Y DEEM IT NECESS>Y TO KEEP !M D[N BY H]D LABOR1 POV]TY & IGNORANCE1 & TO TAKE FROM !M1 AS FROM BEES1 SO MU* ( !IR E>N+S1 AS ?AT UNREMITT+ LABOR %ALL BE NECESS>Y TO OBTA9 A SUFFICI5T SURPLUS B>ELY TO SU/A9 A SCANTY & MIS]ABLE LIFE4 ,& !SE E>N+S !Y APPLY TO MA9TA9 !IR PRIVILEG$ ORD]S 9 SPL5DOR & IDL5ESS1 TO FASC9ATE ! EYES ( ! PEOPLE1 & EXCITE 9 !M AN HUMBLE ADORATION & SUBMISSION1 AS TO AN ORD] ( SUP]IOR BE+S40.<#a#d#h.> ,JEFF]SON'S [N P>TY1 ON ! O!R H&1 0BELIEV$ ?AT M51 5JOY+ 9 EASE & SECURITY ! FULL FRUITS ( !IR [N 9DU/RY1 5LI/$ BY ALL !IR 9T]E/S ON ! SIDE ( LAW & ORD]1 HABITUAT$ TO ?9K = !MSELVES1 & TO FOLL[ !IR REASON AS !IR GUIDE1 W\LD BE MORE EASILY & SAFELY GOV]N$ ?AN ) M9DS N\RI%$ 9 ]ROR1 & VITIAT$ & DEBAS$1 AS 9 ,EUROPE1 BY IGNORANCE1 9DIG5CE & OPPRESSION4 ,! *]I%M5T ( ! PEOPLE !N WAS \R PR9CIPLE1 ! FE> & DI/RU/ ( !M1 ?AT ( ! O!R P>TY40.<#a#d#i.> 

,NOR WAS !RE GREAT MISUND]/&+1 9 PO/-REVOLUTION>Y ,AM]ICA1 EI!R AB\T ! DEMOCRATIC NATURE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION OR AB\T ITS POPUL> APPROVAL4 ,AN OPPON5T ( ! ,CON/ITUTION'S RATIFICATION WROTE 9 #a<h A SATIRICAL ANALYSIS ( ! TYPE ( REGIME ,AM]ICA C\LD EXPECT IF ! DOCUM5T WAS RATIFI$3 0,! LEGISLATURE HAVE NO RI<T TO 9T]F]E ) PRIVATE CONTRACTS1 & DEBTORS MI<T SAFELY TRU/ TO ! HUMANITY & CLEM5CY ( !IR CR$ITORS :O WILL NOT KEEP !M 9 JAIL ALL !IR LIVES1 UNLESS !Y DES]VE IT 444 ,M5 ( GREAT PROP]TY >E DEEPLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! WELF>E ( ! /ATE2 & !Y >E ! MO/ COMPET5T JUDGES ( ! =M ( GOV]NM5T1 BE/ CALCULAT$ TO PRES]VE !IR PROP]TY1 & SU* LIB]TIES AS IT IS PROP] = ! COMMON & 9F]IOR CLASS ( PEOPLE TO 5JOY4 ,M5 ( WEAL? POSSESS NATURAL & ACQUIR$ UND]/&+1 AS !Y MANIFE/ BY AMASS+ RI*ES1 OR BY KEEP+ & 9CREAS+ ?OSE !Y D]IVE FROM !IR ANCE/ORS1 & !Y >E BE/ ACQUA9T$ ) ! WANTS1 ! WI%ES1 & DESIRES ( ! PEOPLE1 & !Y >E ALWAYS READY TO RELIEVE !M 9 !IR PRIVATE & PUBLIC /ATIONS40.<#a#e.> ,SU* A POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y H]O AS ,PATRICK ,H5RY D5\NC$ ! ,CON/ITUTION4 0,I BELIEVE IT TO BE A FACT ?AT ! GREAT BODY ( YEOMANRY >E 9 DECID$ OPPOSITION TO IT4444 ,Y\ HAVE NOT SOLID REALITY --! HE>TS & H&S ( ! M5 :O >E TO BE GOV]N$20.<#a#e#a.> & HE DEVOT$ GREAT 5]GY TO OPPOSE ! ,CON/ITUTION'S RATIFICATION 9 ,VIRG9IA4 ,H5RY LAT] ACQUIR$ AN E/ATE1 BECAME CONS]VATIVE1 & SMUGLY %>$ ! PRIVILEGES HE HAD E>LI] D5\NC$4 7,IRONICALLY1 ,PATRICK ,H5RY HAS LATELY BECOME ! H]O ( ,AM]ICAN REACTION>Y GR\PS :O EMPLOY ,H5RY'S REVOLUTION>Y D5UNCIATIONS ( PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION TO JU/IFY PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION4 ,BUT P]HAPS ! LATT]-DAY ADMIR]S ( ,PATRICK ,H5RY >E UNFAMILI> ) !IR H]O'S REVOLUTION>Y Y\? & ADMIRE RA!R HIS CONS]VATIVE RETIREM5T4 ,IT IS PUZZL+ ?AT ! 0PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES0 %\LD WOR%IP ! CONS]VATIVE E/ATE [N]1 H[EV]1 S9CE AS A SMUG RI* MAN1 ,H5RY MADE NO FI]Y PRON\NCEM5TS47 

,MANY W]E WELL AW>E ?AT ! ,CON/ITUTION1 & ! GOV]NM5T F\ND$ ON IT1 WAS NOT A 0GOV]NM5T ( ALL40 ,MANY KNEW IT WAS UNTRUE ?AT 0ITS P[]S >E DELEGAT$ BY ALL2 IT REPRES5TS ALL1 & ACTS = ALL40.<#a#e#b.> ,EV5 ! GREAT ,JOHN ,M>%ALL1 ! FIR/ ,*IEF ,JU/ICE ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 ! FIR/ REAL 0EXP]T0 ON ! ,CON/ITUTION1 AS WELL AS AN >D5T SUPPORT] ( ! DOCUM5T & ITS PURPOSE1 WAS WELL AW>E ?AT ! ,CON/ITUTION HAD NOT BE5 UNIV]SALLY APPLAUD$1 SUPPORT$1 OR ADOPT$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE4 ,HE WROTE 9 HIS ,LIFE ( ,WA%+TON 0?AT EV5 AFT] ! SUBJECT HAD BE5 DISCUSS$ = A CONSID]ABLE TIME1 ! FATE ( ! CON/ITUTION C\LD SC>CELY BE CONJECTUR$2 & SO SMALL 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 WAS ! MAJORITY 9 ITS FAVOR1 AS TO AF=D /RONG GR\ND = ! OP9ION ?AT1 HAD ! 9FLU5CE ( *>ACT] BE5 REMOV$1 ! 9TR9SIC M]ITS ( ! 9/RUM5T W\LD NOT HAVE SECUR$ ITS ADOPTION4444 A DREAD ( DISMEMB]M5T1 NOT AN APPROBATION ( ! P>TICUL> SY/EM UND] CONSID]ATION1 HAD 9DUC$ AN ACQUIESC5CE 9 IT40.<#a#e#c.> ,NOR WAS ,M>%ALL CONFUS$ AB\T ! 9T]E/S ?AT W]E S]V$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 OR AB\T ! 9T]E/S ?AT W]E SUPPRESS$4 ,BE+ ONE ( ?OSE :O1 9 ,JEFF]SON'S DESCRIPTION1 0DEEM IT NECESS>Y TO KEEP .<! PEOPLE.> D[N BY H>D LABOR1 POV]TY & IGNORANCE10 ,JU/ICE ,M>%ALL WROTE ) UNCONCEAL$ ADMIRATION AB\T ! CR$ITORS :O ACQUIR$ IMM5SE =TUNES1 NOT BY 9DU/RY1 BUT BY LEGISLATION4 ,M>%ALL WROTE ?AT !Y 0/RUGGL$ ) UNABAT$ ZEAL = ! EXACT OBS]VANCE ( PUBLIC & PRIVATE 5GAGEM5TS4444 ,!Y W]E CONSEQU5TLY ! UNI=M FRI5DS ( A REGUL> ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE1 & ( A VIGOR\S C\RSE ( TAXATION :I* W\LD 5ABLE ! /ATE TO COMPLY ) ITS 5GAGEM5TS4 ,BY A NATURAL ASSOCIATION ( IDEAS1 !Y W]E ALSO1 ) V]Y FEW EXCEPTIONS1 9 FAVOR ( 5L>G+ ! P[]S ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T40.<#a#e#d.> 

,?US1 UP TO ! TIME ( ! RATIFICATION !RE WAS NO IDEOLOGICAL CONFUSION AB\T ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 NATURE ( CAPITALISM NOR AB\T ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 9T5TIONS ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,! DOCUM5T WAS RECOGNIZ$ AS A BLATANT PIECE ( CLASS LEGISLATION4 ,NOR WAS !RE CONFUSION AB\T ! 0DEMOCRATIC ELECTION0 BY :I* ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS RATIFI$4 ,! PEOPLE :O W]E TO BE AFFECT$ BY ! DOCUM5T RECEIV$ NO $UCATION ON ! ISSUES 9VOLV$2 ! VOT]S W]E NOT 9=M$ ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! DRAFT]S W]E SECURITY-HOLD]S & CAPITALI/S2 & ! GR\P ?AT WAS TO BE AFFECT$ MO/ ADV]SELY BY ! DOCUM5T3 ! DEBTORS1 POOR F>M]S1 & LABOR]S--! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION-- DID NOT VOTE4 ,BE>D SUMM>IZ$ ! PROCESS BY :I* ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS RATIFI$3 0444! DISFRAN*ISEM5T ( ! MASSES ?R\< PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS & IGNORANCE & APA?Y CONTRIBUT$ L>GELY TO ! FACILITY ) :I* ! P]SONALTY_<#c_>-9T]E/ REPRES5TATIVES C>RI$ ! DAY4 ,! LATT] W]E AL]T EV]Y:]E1 = !Y KNEW1 NOT AS A MATT] ( !ORY1 BUT AS A PRACTICAL MATT] ( DOLL>S & C5TS1 ! VALUE ( ! NEW ,CON/ITUTION4 ,!Y W]E WELL 9=M$4 ,!Y W]E CONSCI\S ( ! ID5TITY ( !IR 9T]E/S4 ,!Y W]E WELL ORGANIZ$4 ,!Y KNEW = WEEKS 9 ADVANCE1 EV5 BE=E ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS S5T TO ! /ATES = RATIFICATION1 :AT ! REAL NATURE ( ! CONTE/ WAS4 ,!Y RESID$ = ! MO/ P>T 9 ! T[NS1 OR ! MORE ?ICKLY POPULAT$ >EAS1 & !Y C\LD M>%ALL !IR =CES QUICKLY & EFFECTIVELY4 ,!Y HAD ALSO ! ADVANTAGE ( APPEAL+ TO ALL DISCONT5T$ P]SONS :O EXI/ 9 L>GE NUMB]S 9 EV]Y SOCIETY & >E EV] ANXI\S = BETT]M5T ?R\< SOME *ANGE 9 POLITICAL MA*9]Y4444 

0,! OPPOSITION ON ! O!R H& SUFF]$ FROM ! DIFFICULTIES CONNECT$ ) GETT+ A BACKWOODS VOTE \T TO ! T[N & C\NTY ELECTIONS4 ,?IS 9VOLV$ SOMETIMES LONG J\RNEYS 9 BAD WEA!R1 = IT WILL BE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! ELECTIONS W]E HELD 9 ! LATE FALL & W9T]4 ,!RE W]E NO SU* IMM$IATE P]SONAL GA9S TO BE MADE ?R\< ! DEFEAT ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 AS W]E TO BE MADE BY ! SECURITY HOLD]S ON ! O!R SIDE4 ,IT WAS TRUE ! DEBTORS KNEW ?AT !Y W\LD PROBABLY HAVE TO SETTLE !IR ACC\NTS 9 FULL & ! SMALL F>M]S W]E AW>E ?AT TAXES W\LD HAVE TO BE PAID TO DIS*>GE ! NATIONAL DEBT IF ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ADOPT$2 & ! DEBTORS EV]Y:]E WAG$ W> AGA9/ ! ,CON/ITUTION--( ?IS !RE IS PL5TY ( EVID5CE4 ,BUT !Y HAD NO MONEY TO C>RY ON !IR CAMPAIGN2 !Y W]E POOR & UN9FLU5TIAL--! /RONGE/ BATALLIONS W]E NOT ON !IR SIDE4 ,! WOND] IS ?AT !Y CAME SO NE> DEFEAT+ ! ,CON/ITUTION AT ! POLLS40.<#a#e#e.> 

,DUR+ ! CONFLICT OV] RATIFICATION1 A MOM5T\S EV5T TOOK PLACE4 ,MANY ( ! DEMOCRATS :O HAD 9ITIALLY OPPOS$ RATIFICATION SWIT*$ SIDES :5 ! CAPITALI/S PROMIS$ ?AT1 AFT] ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ADOPT$1 A BILL ( RI<TS W\LD IMM$IATELY BE APP5D$ TO IT4 ,P]HAPS ! GREATE/ TRAG$Y ( ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION WAS ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 SO REC5TLY EM]G$ FROM A SUCCESSFUL ANTI-COLONIAL REVOLUTION ) NO HI/ORICAL PREC$5TS1 DID NOT =ESEE ?AT !IR VICTORY W\LD BE FOLL[$ BY A C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,FANN]S LEFT ! REVOLUTION>Y >MY & RETURN$ TO !IR L&S1 CONFID5T ?AT ! ABHORR5T ,BRITI% SY/EM W\LD SURELY NOT BE RE/OR$ BY ,AM]ICANS :O HAD F\<T AGA9/ IT4 ,!Y RETURN$ TO !IR F>MS CONT5T ) ! HOPE ?AT !IR LOT W\LD IMPROVE N[ ?AT !IR LABOR NO LONG] SUPPORT$ WEAL?Y L&[N]S 9 ,5GL&4 ,:5 ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL CONFLICT RAG$ 9 ! T[NS1 ! F>M]S RECEIV$ LITTLE ACCURATE 9=MATION ( IT1 !Y HE>D A FEW REPORTS ?AT S\ND$ PREPO/]\S1 & !Y DID NOT ATTA* TOO MU* IMPORTANCE TO ! ISSUE4 ,AS TIME PASS$1 !IR LOT DID NOT IMPROVE--BUT TIME ALSO DULL$ !IR EXPECTATIONS4 ,MANY YE>S LAT] !Y1 OR !IR *ILDR51 W]E CONFRONT$ BY CAPITALI/S TO :OM !Y HAD MORTGAG$ !IR L&4 ,!Y W]E GIV5 ! *OICE ( BECOM+ ! CAPITALI/S' T5ANTS OR ( GO+ TO ! GR[+ CITIES & BECOM+ WAGE LABOR]S4 ,BUT BY !N ! REVOLUTION WAS ONLY VAGUELY REMEMB]$3 IT HAD BECOME A P>T ( ,HI/ORY4 

,! LIB]ALS1 ! 9TELLECTUALS1 ?OSE DEMOCRATS :O /AY$ 9 ! T[NS1 HAD1 UNLIKE ! CAPITALI/S1 NO PROGRAM1 NO ORGANIZATION1 & NO PLAN ( ACTION4 ,! REVOLUTION HAD SUCCE$$4 ,A GREAT DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T WAS TO TAKE PLACE ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T1 AN EXP]IM5T :I* W\LD %[ TO ALL MANK9D 0?AT ALL M5 >E CREAT$ EQUAL0 & >E 5D[$ ) 0UNALI5ABLE RI<TS0 TO 0LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40 ,!SE GOALS W]E 9SPIR+2 !Y CRY/ALLIZ$ ) GREAT BREVITY & CONCIS5ESS ! F9E/ IDEALS ( ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN 05LI<T5M5T10 BUT !Y W]E V]Y VAGUE AB\T ! C\RSE ( ACTION TO BE FOLL[$ = !IR ATTA9M5T4 ,&1 AS ,JEFF]SON SAID1 0WE %ALL NOT LIVE TO SEE ! RESULT40 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 :5 >D5T CAPITALI/S1 :OSE VISION ( ! GREAT DEBT !Y'D PAY !MSELVES ANIMAT$ !IR TONGUES1 TOLD ! LIB]ALS AB\T ! M>VEL\S DOCUM5T ?AT W\LD GIVE A NEW BIR? TO ,AM]ICA1 ! LIB]ALS LI/5$1 & !Y TEMPORIZ$4 ,!Y W]E !ORETICALLY OPPOS$ TO ! DOCUM5T1 = !Y C\LD NOT BUT NOTICE ?AT ! 09VIOLABILITY ( PROP]TY0 HAD BE5 WRITT5 9TO IT TOO MANY TIMES & 9 TOO MANY =MS1 & ?AT SU* A PR9CIPLE C\LD ONLY LEAD TO ! VIOLABILITY ( HUMAN LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & HAPP9ESS4 ,BUT LIB]ALS1 9 :OM ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>IES HAD UN=TUNATELY PLAC$ !IR TRU/1 >E M5 :O 9 !ORY BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( A BETT] SOCIETY1 BUT 9 PRACTICE ACCEPT ! 9/ITUTIONS ( A WORSE SOCIETY4 ,& AS ! CUNN+ ,HAMILTON SO WELL KNEW1 0! PROBABLE RESULT ( SU* A TEMP]AM5T IS ! PRES]VATION ( SY/EMS1 ?\< ORIG9ALLY OPPOS$4440 ,SO1 :5 ! LIB]ALS W]E H>RASS$ BY SO MANY WEAL?Y & P[]FUL M51 !Y REEXAM9$ ! DOCUM5T4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION DID1 AFT] ALL1 PROVIDE = ELECTIONS AS WELL AS = A P>LIAM5T4 ,EI<TE5? C5TURY DEMOCRATS W]E NOT UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5T CON/ITUT$ DEMOCRACY2 !Y W]E FAMILI> 5\< ) HI/ORY TO KN[ ?AT ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5TS HAD LONG EXI/$ 9 UNDEMOCRATIC ,5GL&1 9 ANCI5T ,ROME1 & EV5 9 ! FEUDAL MIDDLE AGES2 !Y W]E QUITE 5LI<T5$ AB\T ! UNDEMOCRATIC USE TO :I* TYRANNIES1 >I/OCRACIES1 & OLIG>*IES HAD PUT ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5TS4 ,IT WAS NOT ! PROVISION = ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5T ?AT *ANG$ ! M9DS ( ! DEMOCRATIC LIB]ALS1 BUT ! PROMISE ( A BILL ( RI<TS1 0PROVID+ CLE>LY1 & )\T ! AID ( SOPHISM1 = FRE$OM ( RELIGION1 FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 PROTECTION AGA9/ /&+ >MIES1 RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES1 ! ET]NAL & UNREMITT+ =CE (! HABEAS CORPUS LAWS1 & TRIALS BY JURY4440.<#a#e#f.> ,!Y MU/ HAVE ?\<T ?AT SURELY A BILL ( RI<TS1 SUPPLEM5T$ BY ELECTIONS & A P>LIAM5T1 W\LD PROVE TOO MU* ( AN OB/ACLE = ! AV>ICI\S 0/OCK-JOBB]S40 ,!Y MU/ HAVE HOP$ ?AT SURELY ! CAPITALI/ 9T]LUDE W\LD BE ONLY TEMPOR>Y1 ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T W\LD CONT9UE ) UNDIM9I%$ ZEAL1 ?AT 0AS NEW DISCOV]IES >E MADE1 NEW TRU?S DISCLOS$1 & MANN]S & OP9IONS *ANGE ) ! *ANGE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 9/ITUTIONS MU/ ADVANCE ALSO1 & KEEP PACE ) ! TIMES40.<#a#e#g.> ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ) 0A DREAD ( DISMEMB]M5T1 NOT AN APPROBATION ( ! P>TICUL> SY/EM UND] CONSID]ATION10 ! LIB]AL DEMOCRATS & ! CAPITALI/S REA*$ A COMPROMISE ON ! BILL ( RI<TS4 ,! LIB]ALS *ANG$ !IR VOTES4 ,IF !Y HAD NOT *ANG$ !IR VOTES SO QUICKLY1 !RE MI<T HAVE BE5 TIME TO 9=M ! POPULATION AB\T ! MOM5T\S ISSUES 9VOLV$4 ,BUT SO MANY M5 ( GREAT WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE W]E 9 SU* A HURRY4 ,& LIB]ALS >E ABOVE ALL EXP$I5T & PRACTICAL M54 ,S9CE IT IS NEV] EXP$I5T OR PRACTICAL TO OPPOSE OR DELAY WEAL?1 P[]1 & 9FLU5CE1 ! LIB]ALS *ANG$ !IR VOTES QUICKLY4 ,AS ,JEFF]SON SAID1 0,:AT IS PRACTICABLE MU/ (T5 CONTROL :AT IS PURE !ORY40 

,SO ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS RATIFI$2 IT WAS AM5D$ BY A BILL ( RI<TS2 IT BECAME DIE LAW ( ! L&4 ,& !REUPON A /RANGE1 UNEXPECT$1 B>ELY P]CEPTIBLE EV5T TOOK PLACE4 ,BE=E ITS ADOPTION1 ! ,CON/ITUTION HAD BE5 M]ELY A DOCUM5T WRITT5 BY A FEW CAPITALI/S1 A DOCUM5T :OSE FLAWS & T5D5CIES EV]Y LIB]AL & RADICAL DEMOCRAT C\LD RECOGNIZE & D5\NCE4 ,BUT AFT] ITS ADOPTION ?IS DOCUM5T ( DUBI\S VALUE & QUE/IONABLE QUALITY BECAME ,! ,LAW4 ,BE=E ! ,CON/ITUTION'S ADOPTION1 ! DEMOCRATS HAD KN[N ?AT ! CAPITALI/S CON/ITUT$ A SMALL BUT DANG]\S ANTI-DEMOCRATIC ELEM5T ,BUT AFT] ! ADOPTION1 ! SURPRIS$ DEMOCRATS W]E CONFRONT$ BY A ,LEVIA?AN3 ! SMALL1 ANTI-DEMOCRATIC ELEM5T HAD SUDD5LY ACQUIR$ ,AU?ORITY & ,P[]3 ! CAPITALI/S N[ CON/ITUT$ ,! ,/ATE4 ,EV5 ! CONS]VATIVE ,ADAMS1 ,F$]ALI/ SUCCESSOR ( ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON1 WAS WELL AW>E ( :AT HAD TAK5 PLACE4 ,ADAMS WROTE 9 #a#h#h3 0,WE DO POSSESS ONE MAT]IAL :I* ACTUALLY CON/ITUTES AN >I/OCRACY ?AT GOV]NS ! NATION4 ,?AT MAT]IAL IS WEAL?40 ,! LIB]ALS HAD MISCALCULAT$2 !Y HAD NOT EXPECT$ A M]E DOCUM5T COMPOS$ BY A H&FUL ( CAPITALI/S TO BECOME TRANS=M$ 9TO A WAY ( LIFE = G5]ATIONS ( M52 !Y HAD NOT KN[N ?AT !Y W]E 9SCRIB+ !IR NAMES ON ! GRAVE/ONE ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 

,EI<TE5? C5TURY DEMOCRATS KNEW A GREAT DEAL AB\T ! NATURAL RI<TS ( M5 & AB\T ! BRUTAL ABUSES ( TYRANTS4 ,BUT !Y TOO LI<TLY DISMISS$ ! PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS ( VE/$ AU?ORITY4 ,!Y W]E FAMILI> ) ! FRAUD & VIOL5CE BY :I* M$IEVAL FEUDALISM HAD MA9TA9$ ITS ,E>?LY ,CITY4 ,BUT !Y'D =GOTT5 ! REPULSIVE PH5OM5ON ( M5 DE/ROY+1 MURD]+1 & DY+ BECAUSE ! ,AU?ORITY ( ! ,*UR* HAD DECRE$ ?AT ,*RI/IANS MU/ DE/ROY ,MOHAMM$ANS 9 ! NAME ( ,JESUS ,*RI/4 ,& !Y'D =GOTT5 H[ MANY TIMES >I/OCRACIES & MON>*IES1 ACT+ 09 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE10 HAD US$ ,AU?ORITY TO GA9 !IR 5DS BY US+ ONE PORTION ( ! PEOPLE TO ROB & MASSACRE ANO!R PORTION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,:AT ! LIB]ALS UND]E/IMAT$ WAS ! EXT5T TO :I* ,AU?ORITY ABSOLVES CRIME4 

,IF ONE MAN ROBS ANO!R ON ! /REET1 HE IS A ?IEF4 ,BUT IF A GR\P ( ?IEVES ROBS AN 5TIRE NATION FROM A LEGISLATURE1 !Y >E NOT CONSID]$ CRIM9ALS4 ,!Y HAVE ,AU?ORITY4 ,!Y >E ! ,LEGISLATORS ( ! ,L&4 ,!IR ROBB]Y IS ALWAYS 09 ! NATIONAL 9T]E/0 & !Y SPEAK 09 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE40 ,& ANYONE :O %\LD TRY TO PROSECUTE ! CRIM9ALS 9 P[] IS GUILTY ( HI< TREASON4 ,! CAPITALI/ OR ! BANK] NE$ NO LONG] FEEL A%AM$ ( HIS 0CALL+10 = 9 A CAPITALI/ /ATE ) A CAPITALI/ ,CON/ITUTION1 A USUR] IS NO LONG] DESPIS$2 HE HAS BECOME 0A MAN :O HAS A DUE S5SE ( ! SACR$ OBLIGATION ( A JU/ DEBT2.<#a#e#h.> HE HAS BECOME A ,RESPECTABLE ,MAN4 

,DRAP$ ) ,AU?ORITY1 ! ,CON/ITUTION CEAS$ TO APPE> A BLATANT PIECE ( CLASS LEGISLATION DRAFT$ BY SELF-SEEK+ SECURITY-HOLD]S4 ,IT WAS /RANGELY TRANS=M$1 NOT ONLY 9TO ! LAW ( ! L&1 BUT ALSO 9TO AN 0EXPRESSION ( ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE40 ,*IEF ,JU/ICE ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ,JOHN ,M>%ALL HAD WRITT5 ?AT 0! FATE ( ! CON/ITUTION C\LD SC>CELY BE CONJECTUR$2 & SO SMALL 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 WAS ! MAJORITY 9 ITS FAVOR1 AS TO AF=D /RONG GR\ND = ! OP9ION ?AT1 HAD ! 9FLU5CE ( *>ACT] BE5 REMOV$1 ! 9TR9SIC M]ITS ( ! 9/RUM5T W\LD NOT HAVE SECUR$ ITS ADOPTION44440 ,YET ONLY TWELVE YE>S LAT]1 ! V]Y SAME ,*IEF ,JU/ICE ,JOHN ,M>%ALL WROTE ! FOLL[+3 0,! GOV]NM5T .<( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES.> PROCE$S DIRECTLY FROM ! PEOPLE2 IT IS 'ORDA9$ & E/ABLI%$' 9 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE2 & IT IS DECL>$ TO BE ORDA9$ 9 'ORD] TO =M A MORE P]FECT UNION1 E/ABLI% JU/ICE1 9SURE DOME/IC TRANQUILITY1 & SECURE ! BLESS+S ( LIB]TY' TO !MSELVES & TO !IR PO/]ITY4444 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNION !N 444 IS EMPHATICALLY & TRULY1 A GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE4 ,9 =M & SUB/ANCE IT EMANATES FROM !M4 ,ITS P[]S >E GRANT$ BY !M & >E TO BE EX]CIS$ DIRECTLY ON !M & = !IR B5EFIT4444 ,IT IS ! GOV]NM5T ( ALL2 ITS P[]S >E DELEGAT$ BY ALL2 IT REPRES5TS ALL1 & ACTS = ALL40.<#a#e#i.> 

,?US1 BY #a#h#a#i1 ! CAPITALI/S :O HAD ONCE CON/ITUT$ A SMALL BUT DANG]\S ANTI-DEMOCRATIC =CE1 HAD BECOME 0EMPHATICALLY & TRULY1 A GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE40 ,! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? N[ CALLS ITSELF A DEMOCRACY4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( 0PAP] & PATRONAGE10 ( :AT ,JOHN ,TAYLOR CALL$ 0A SLY ?IEF1 :O EMPTIES Y\R POCKETS UND] A PRET5SE ( PAY+ Y\R DEBTS10 :OSE RULE IS 0A CLIMATE DEADLY TO LIB]TY10.<#a#f.> HAD N[ BE5 LAUN*$ ON ITS C>E] ( PLUND]1 OPPRESSION & CRIME1 ALL COMMITT$ 9 ! NAME ( ,FRE$OM1 ,LIB]TY1 & ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE4 

,AS ,TAYLOR OBS]V$1 0,! >I/OCRACY ( SUP]/ITION DEF5D$ ITSELF BY EXCLAIM+1 ! ,GODS6 ! TEMPLES6 ! SACR$ ORACLES6 DIV9E V5GEANCE6 & ,ELYSIAN FIELDS6--& ?AT ( PAP] & PATRONAGE EXCLAIMS1 NATIONAL FAI?6 SACR$ *>T]S6 DISORGANIZATION6 & SECURITY ( PROP]TY60.<#a#f#a.> ,& MANY YE>S AFT] ,TAYLOR'S DEA?1 ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE DID NOT HESITATE TO BORR[ FROM ! >I/OCRACY ( SUP]/ITION1 & ADD TO ITS [N >MORY1 ! EXCLAMATIONS1 ! ,GODS6 ! TEMPLES6 & ! ,ELYSIAN FIELDS ( ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE6 

,:5 ! IDEALS ( REVOLUTION>IES BECAME ! IDEOLOGY ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES1 ! DEMOCRATS W]E DIS>M$4 ,:5 CAPITALI/S 9 P[] CALL$ !MSELVES DEMOCRATS1 ! DEMOCRATS \T ( P[] HAD LITTLE GR\ND TO /& ON4 ,IT HAD BE5 DIFFICULT 5\< = DEMOCRATS TO OPPOSE AN >I/OCRACY ?AT CLAIM$ TO BE SUP]IOR TO O!R M54 ,BUT IT WAS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE = DEMOCRATS TO OPPOSE AN >I/OCRACY ?AT CLAIM$ TO RULE 9 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE1 ?AT CLAIM$ ITS WEAL? 5RI*$ ! PEOPLE1 ?AT CLAIM$ ITS W>S ( CONQUE/ & PLUND] W]E = ! DEF5SE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BY APPROPRIAT+ ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL1 ! CAPITALI/S EMASCULAT$ ! DEMOCRATS4 ,FROM H]E ON1 ! VA/ LIT]ATURE 9 DEF5SE ( DEMOCRACY WAS US$ BY CAPITALI/S TO DEF5D CAPITALISM4 ,FROM H]E ON1 EV]Y MAN :O /ILL SPOKE FAVORABLY ( DEMOCRATIC IDEALS WAS SE5 AS A DEF5D] ( CAPITALISM4 ,IF USURY WAS ,FRE$OM & !FT ,DEMOCRACY1 !N RADICAL DEMOCRATS HAD NO *OICE BUT TO CUT \T !IR TONGUES & PA9T !IR 9T5TIONS TO !IR FELL[ M54 ,CAPITALI/ AS WELL AS OLD] >I/OCRACIES ALL OV] ,EUROPE FOLL[$ ! LEAD ( !IR ,AM]ICAN BRE!R51 & BE=E LONG EV]Y =M ( TYRANNY & OPPRESSION1 )\T UND]GO+ A REVOLUTION1 )\T ANY *ANGE :ATEV]1 CALL$ ITSELF A DEMOCRACY4 ,& IT TOOK RADICAL DEMOCRATS ALMO/ HALF A C5TURY TO AB&ON ! NAME ( !IR *]I%$ IDEAL1 & TO REALIZE ?AT IF OPPRESSION WAS CALL$ ,DEMOCRACY1 !N DEMOCRACY W\LD HAVE TO BE CALL$ COMMUNISM1 OR SOCIALISM1 OR EV5 AN>*Y4 ,RADICAL DEMOCRATS LO/ !IR UNITY & COH]5CE UNTIL ! BRILLIANT HI/ORIAN & S*OL> ,K>L ,M>X RECA/ & CRY/ALLIZ$ ! FRAGM5T$ PIECES ( ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL 9TO A P[]FUL NEW MOLD4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE GA9+ UNITY & COH]5CE FROM ! NEWLY =MULAT$ PROGRAM & ! UNTA9T$ NAME1 ! DEMOCRATS CONFIRM$ & GREATLY /R5G!N$ ! CAPITALI/ CLAIM TO A MONOPOLY ON ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL4 ,:ATEV] ! VIRTUES ( ! NEW NAME1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O WROTE ! DEMOCRATIC GOALS ( ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY & ,FRAT]NITY ON ! BANN]S ( M5 :O C\LD NO LONG] CALL !MSELVES DEMOCRATS4 

,HI/ORIANS :O DO NOT WRITE TO 5LI<T5 !IR READ]S1 BUT TO 5DE> !MSELVES ) ?OSE 9 P[]1 QUICKLY CAU<T ON TO ! NATURE ( !IR IMPORTANT TASK )9 ! CAPITALI/ REGIME4 ,:5 ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION WAS /ILL )9 ! MEMORY ( LIV+ M51 BOOKS ?AT TOLD ( ! SECURITY-HOLD]S' C\P D'ETAT W]E 5TITL$ 0,! ,BIR? & ,GR[? ( ,DEMOCRACY40 ,BE=E LONG M5 SPOKE ( ! HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM AS ! 0,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN ,DEMOCRACY10 & EXOTIC NEW TOPICS LIKE ,HAMILTONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 ,JACKSONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 ,S\!RN ,DEMOCRACY1 ,MIDWE/]N ,DEMOCRACY1 & ,GRASS ,ROOTS ,DEMOCRACY1 FILL$ S*OL>LY MONOGRAPHS4 ,9 ,BRITA9 !RE APPE>$ A ,VICTORIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 & ELSE:]E !RE W]E ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,MON>*IES1 ,EQUALIT>IAN ,OLIG>*IES1 & EV5 A FEW ,DEMOCRATIC ,K+DOMS4 ,& 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 AN ALLIANCE ( CAPITALI/1 FEUDAL1 & FASCI/ MILIT>Y /ATES CALL$ ITSELF ,! ,FREE ,WORLD4 ,AM]ICAN *ILDR5 W]E 9DOCTR9AT$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ! UNSCRUPUL\S BRUTALITY ( ,ROCKEFELL]1 ! CUNN+ ?IEV]Y ( ,C>NEGIE1 ! CRIM9AL USURY ( ,MORGAN1 W]E IDEAL MODELS ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,WAY ( ,LIFE & LIV+ PRO( 0?AT ALL M5 >E CREAT$ EQUAL40 ,& ON ! WORLD SC5E1 ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S H>RASS$ ! UNF$1 UNPRIVILEG$ MILLIONS 9 ! COLONIES TO *OOSE BETWE5 ,SOCIALISM1 :I*1 !Y SAID1 GIVES 0ONLY BREAD10 & ,! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY1 :I*1 !Y SAID1 GIVES 0FRE$OM40 ,BUT BY ! MIDDLE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 TOO MANY MIS]ABLE M5 KNEW ?AT ! 0FRE$OM0 GIV5 BY CAPITALI/S WAS ! FRE$OM ( SLAVES TO WORK = !IR MA/]S OR DIE4 ,TOO MANY KNEW ?AT ! FRE$OM ( CAPITALI/S WAS RE/RICT$ TO ! CAPITALI/S1 & ?AT O!R M5 RECEIV$ ONLY ITS OBV]SE SIDE3 MIS]Y & OPPRESSION4 ,& YET :5 M5 REJECT$ ,! 4,AM]ICAN ,WAY & *OSE ! POSSIBILITY = BO? 0BREAD0 AS WELL AS !IR L& WAS 9VAD$ BY ! 0>S5AL ( DEMOCRACY20 !Y W]E SUBJECT$ TO T]RORI/ REPRISALS1 SABOTAGE1 & MASSACRE ?AT DID NOT & W\LD NOT 5D2 & DUR+ ! CAMPAIGN ( UTT]LY 9HUMAN RATIONALLY MANUFACTUR$ HORROR1 !Y W]E TOLD1 BY ,HAMILTON'S & ,ROCKEFELL]'S HEIRS1 ?AT !Y HAD 0BETRAY$0 !IR REVOLUTION4 

 "9"9"9 

,! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL REQUIR$ ?AT ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL P[]1 VOICE & 9FLU5CE 9 ALL ! IMPORTANT MATT]S ( ! HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,= ?IS TO BE POSSIBLE1 L& & WEAL? HAD TO BE EQUALIZ$1 S9CE 0,IF WEAL? IS ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 EI!R BY A FEUDAL OR A /OCK MONOPOLY1 IT C>RIES ! P[] ALSO2 & A GOV]NM5T BECOMES AS C]TA9LY >I/OCRATICAL1 BY A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 AS BY A MONOPOLY ( >MS40.<#a#f#b.> ,! EQUALIZATION ( L& & WEAL? WAS TO TAKE PLACE EI!R 9 ! =M SUGGE/$ BY ,MORE1 ,W9/ANLEY1 ,BABEUF1 & !IR FOLL[]S BY MAK+ ! E>? A 0COMMON TREASURY0 & = EV]Y SON & DAU<T] ( MANK9D TO LIVE FREE UPON20 OR 9 ! =M SUGGE/$ BY ,TAYLOR1 ,JEFF]SON1 & MO/ (! E>LY ,AM]ICAN LIB]AL DEMOCRATS3 BY DIVID+ ! L& AMONG ITS TILL]S1 BY GOV]NM5T 0RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES10 BY AGR>IAN RE=M4 ,9 EI!R CASE 0CUT?ROAT COMPETITION0 W\LD HAVE BE5 A CRIME1 & ! 5SLAVEM5T & EMPLOYM5T ( SOME M5 BY O!R MAN W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 TOL]AT$4 ,EV]Y ADVANCEM5T 9 KN[L$GE & 9 TE*NOLOGY W\LD HAVE B5EFITT$ ALL M52 & EV5 ?OSE M5 :O W]E O!RWISE 9CL9$ W\LD HAVE HAD TO SEEK P]SONAL ADVANCEM5T BY COOP]ATION & NOT W>4 ,= SU* A SOCIETY TO SURVIVE & MA9TA9 ITSELF1 ALL M5 W\LD HAVE TO BE $UCAT$1 NOT 9 ! MY/IFICATIONS ( A RUL+ CLASS1 BUT 9 ! RELATIONS ( EA* TO HIS FELL[S1 HIS SOCIETY1 & HIS AGE1 AS WELL AS 9 ! IDEALS & POT5TIALITIES ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,)\T SU* $UCATION1 ! EXP]IM5T W\LD SURELY FAIL1 0IF A NATION EXPECTS TO BE IGNORANT & FREE1 9 A /ATE ( CIVILIZATION1 IT EXPECTS :AT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE40.<#a#f#c.> ,TO SUPPLEM5T ! G5]AL $UCATION1 !RE MU/ BE CONCRETE & FULL 9=MATION ON ALL IMPORTANT ISSUES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IF A CON/ITUTION IS PROPOS$1 CITIZ5S CANNOT EX]T 9TELLIG5T CONTROL OV] ?IS MO/ IMPORTANT AFFAIR ( ! NATION UNLESS !Y >E 9=M$ ( ! EXACT NUMB] ( DRAFT]S :O ATT5D$ ! ,CONV5TION 9 ORD] TO B5EFIT !IR FELL[ M51 & ! EXACT NUMB] :O ATT5D$ 9 ORD] TO DEFRAUD & PLUND] !IR FELL[ M54 ,S9CE 9=MATION IS ALWAYS COLOR$ BY ! MAN :O TRANSMITS IT1 !RE MU/ BE UNTRAMMEL$ FRE$OM ( SPEE*--:I* MEANS ?AT EV]Y MAN HAS ACCESS TO ! E>S ( ALL2 & !RE MA/ BE UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM ( ! PRESS--:I* MEANS ?AT ONE MAN'S WRITT5 ?\<TS >E AS PROM95TLY DI/RIBUT$ & AS WIDELY AVAILABLE AS ANY O!R'S4 ,S9CE CONCRETE & COMPLETE 9=MATION W\LD PLAY SU* A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 A DEMOCRACY1 PUBLICLY DISSEM9AT$ LIES & DECEPTIONS W\LD NOT BE P]MITT$ ANY MORE ?AN !Y >E 9 SCI5CE1 & M5 W\LD BE 5C\RAG$ TO EXPRESS IMPORTANT & IMAG9ATIVE IDEAS & DISC\RAG$ FROM PUBLI%+ UNORIG9AL OR FAMILI> ONES4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS OBVI\SLY DID NOT MEAN ?AT A FEW M5 W\LD BE 0FREE0 TO ADDRESS & 9=M ! RE/1 :ILE MO/ M5 W]E 0FREE0 TO SPEAK TO & WRITE = !IR [N FRI5DS4 ,!RE'S NO?+ DEMOCRATIC AB\T SU* AN >RANGEM5T--& NO?+ NEW4 ,EV]Y =M ( GOV]NM5T 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 :E!R MON>*Y OR TYRANNY1 >I/OCRACY OR OLIG>*Y1 HAS PROVID$ UNRE/RICT$ FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION TO A FEW1 & HAS GIV5 TO ! RE/ ! 0FRE$OM0 TO EXPRESS !MSELVES TO !IR FRI5DS--BUT ?IS IS NOT DEMOCRACY1 NOR IS IT AN A*IEVEM5T1 S9CE ONLY A TOTAL POLICE /ATE COMPOS$ ( ILLIT]ATE1 TONGUELESS & M9DLESS M5 C\LD PREV5T SU* 0FRE$OM0 FROM TAK+ PLACE4 ,& LA/LY1 ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL REQUIR$ ! P>TICIPATION ( EV]Y MAN 9 ! IMPORTANT AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY4 ,P>TICIPATION 9 TRIVIALITIES WAS NO?+ NEW3 EV5 9 ! REPRESSIVE TYRANNY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>S1 ! POORE/ M5 C\LD 0P>TICIPATE0 9 ! S]VICES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,OR?ODOX ,*UR* & 9 ! CELEBRATIONS ( *E]+ ! ,CZ>2 9 EV]Y SLAVE SOCIETY1 ! SLAVES C\LD 0P>TICIPATE0 9 !IR MA/]S' AFFAIRS BY DO+ !IR MA/]S' WORK4 ,DEMOCRATIC P>TICIPATION WAS TO OP5 A NEW ]A 9 MAN'S RELATION TO MAN3 EA* HUMAN BE+ WAS TO BE MA/] ( HIS FATE1 9S(> AS HIS FATE DID NOT DEP5D ON NATURAL OB/ACLES2 EA* MAN WAS TO CONTROL ! DIRECTION & CONT5T ( HIS LIFE4 

,?US !RE W]E F\R MA9 PR9CIPLES = A DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 GIV5 MANY NAMES BY MANY M54 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR CALL$ !M JU/ICE1 KN[L$GE1 HONE/Y1 & SELF-GOV]NM5T4.<#a#f#d.> ,!SE F\R PR9CIPLES CAN BE EXAM9$ )9 A SOCIAL CONTEXT 9 T]MS ( ! DI/RIBUTION ( L&1 WEAL?1 & PRIVILEGE2 ! QUALITY ( $UCATION2 ! FACILITY ( COMMUNICATION2 ! DEGREE ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! IMPORTANT AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY4 ,ALL O!R SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS CAN !N BE EVALUAT$ 9 T]MS ( !SE F\R PR9CIPLES1 & !IR DEMOCRATIC OR UNDEMOCRATIC *>ACT] CAN ?US BE ASC]TA9$4_<#d_> 

 "9"9"9 

,! FIR/ REQUIREM5T ( ! DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IS ?AT ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL P[] & 9FLU5CE--IT IS :AT ,JOHN ,TAYLOR CALL$ ,JU/ICE4 ,! P]5NIAL SYMBOL ( ,JU/ICE IS A SCALE 9 BALANCE4 ,9 ORD] TO HAVE EQUAL P[] & 9FLU5CE1 M5 MU/ HAVE EQUAL CONTROL OV] ! MEANS ( EX]T+ P[] & 9FLU5CE1 & EV]Y AUGM5TATION ( SOCIETY'S MEANS ( P[] MU/ PASS TO ALL M54 ,OBVI\SLY ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS CANNOT EXI/ 9 A SOCIETY :]E A FEW M5 HAVE A MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( P[]4 ,?IS P[] WILL 5ABLE ! FEW TO APPROPRIATE ANY NEW MEANS ( P[] :I* BECOME AVAILABLE TO SOCIETY4 ,) !IR AUGM5T$ P[]1 ! FEW WILL HAVE YET GREAT] ACCESS TO MORE P[]4 ,ONCE ?IS PROCESS IS ALL[$ TO />T1 IT CLE>LY WILL NOT 5D UNTIL V]Y FEW M5 HAVE AN UN*ALL5GEABLE MONOPOLY OV] ALL AVAILABLE MEANS ( P[]1 9FLU5CE & CONTROL4 

,! HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NOT A HI/ORY ( ,JU/ICE1 ( A SCALE 9 BALANCE4 ,IT IS NOT ! HI/ORY ( A ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALS4 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY IS A HI/ORY ( CAPITALISM4 ,IF !RE WAS ONCE HOPE ?AT WEAL? & PRIVILEGE W\LD BE EQUALIZ$ BY ! PEACEFUL MEANS ( AGR>IAN RE=M1 CANCELLATION ( DEBTS1 & DIVISION ( UNOCCUPI$ L& AMONG ITS TILL]S1 ?AT HOPE WAS KILL$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION HALL[$ ! PROP]TY ( ! RI* & CONDON$ ! 5RI*M5T ( SOME BY MEANS ( ! IMPOV]I%M5T ( ?OSE LESS ABLE TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,HAMILTON'S FISCAL PROGRAM 5L>G$ ON ! ,CON/ITUTION BY GIV+ PUBLIC MONEY TO ! UNSAVORY' GR\P :O HAD SPECULAT$ ON ! REVOLUTION>Y W>4 ,! ,HAMILTONIAN PROGRAM 5C\RAG$ !SE M5 TO EMPLOY ! WEAL? & LABOR ( ! NATION TO 5RI* !MSELVES YET FUR!R1 CREAT$ A BANK TO HELP !IR ACQUISITIVE PROJECTS1 & AS IF ?IS W]5'T 5\<1 9CREAS$ ! TAXES & US$ VIOL5CE TO COLLECT !M1 9 ORD] TO 5L>GE ! BANK'S FUNDS4 ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON1 :O SAW1 FE>$1 & DESPIS$ ! DEMOCRATIC LEAN+S & HOPES ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 DEL9EAT$ CLE>LY ! TYPE ( SOCIETY HE WANT$ E/ABLI%$ ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 ,HAMILTON'S IDEAL WAS NOT A COMMONWEAL? ( FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD4 ,IT WAS A SOCIETY ( 0! FEW & ! MANY4 ,! FIR/ >E ! RI* & WELL BOM1 ! O!R ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE4444 ,GIVE !RE=E TO ! FIR/ CLASS A DI/9CT1 P]MAN5T %>E 9 ! GOV]NM5T40.<#a#f#e.> 

,HAMILTON WAS UND\BT$LY PLEAS$ BY ! ,NEW ,WORLD ?AT EM]G$ FROM ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION & ITS AFT]MA?4 ,IT WAS A SOCIETY :]E P>T ( ! NATION W]E NEGRO SLAVES :OSE 5TIRE LIVES W]E ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( PLANTATION [N]S1 :]E ANO!R P>T ( ! NATION W]E T5ANT F>M]S & WORK]S :OSE TIME & LABOR W]E ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( CAPITALI/S4 ,! WEAL? ( ! NATION WAS SAFELY LODG$ 9 ! H&S ( 0! FEW10 ! 0RI* & WELL BORN10 & 0,IF WEAL? IS ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 EI!R BY A FEUDAL OR A /OCK MONOPOLY1 IT C>RIES ! P[] ALSO4440.<#a#f#f.> ,) WEAL? & P[]1 & ) A LEGAL SY/EM DESIGN$ TO PROTECT WEAL? & P[]1 ! 0RI* & WELL BORN0 QUICKLY APPROPRIAT$ TO !MSELVES ! L& AS WELL AS ! LABOR ( 0! MANY40 ,! PREVI\S *APT]1 ON ! ,GR[? ( ,CAPITALISM1 REVIEW$ ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS BY :I* 0! FEW0 APPROPRIAT$ ! L&1 WEAL? & P[] ( ! NATION4 ,) ! 9V5TION & DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGICAL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 A TREM5D\S NEW S\RCE ( P[] BECAME AVAILABLE TO SOCIETY4 ,BUT 9 CAPITALI/ ,AM]ICA1 TE*NOLOGY WAS NOT US$ = ! COLLECTIVE 5RI*M5T & CREATIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ALL HUMAN BE+S BUT TO 5L>GE ! P[] ( ! RI* & WELL BOM4 ,DUR+ ! #a#h#f'S1 A FABUL\SLY MU%ROOM+ 5RI*M5T ( ! RI* TOOK PLACE4 ,! ,HAMILTONIAN DREAM PASS$ 9TO FR5ZY AS DELIRI\S CAPITALI/S 0EXPLOIT$ NATIONAL RES\RCES1 WAG$ ECONOMIC W>S AMONG !MSELVES1 5T]$ 9TO COMB9ATIONS1 MADE PRIVATE CAPITAL \T ( ! PUBLIC DOMA91 & US$ ANY & EV]Y ME?OD TO A*IEVE !IR 5DS4 ,!Y MADE AGREEM5TS ) RAILROADS = REBATES2 !Y PUR*AS$ NEWSPAP]S & B\<T $ITORS2 !Y KILL$ (F COMPET+ & 9DEP5D5T BUS9ESSES1 & EMPLOY$ LAWY]S ( SKILL & /ATESM5 ( REPUTE TO SU/A9 !IR RI<TS & SECURE !IR PRIVILEGES40.<#a#f#g.> ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BECAME A HOT H\SE = ! GR[? ( =TUNES4 ,AMBITI\S1 M9DLESS & DET]M9$ M5 AB&ON$ !IR LIVES & HOMES 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD & FRANTICALLY HURRI$ TO GAMBLE = ! BIG TAKE 9 ! GOLD RU%4 ,! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( GAMBL]S LO/1 & !Y SP5T !IR LIVES 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD AS IMMIGRANT LABOR]S :OSE SLUMS & WORK+ CONDITIONS W]E 9 MANY CASES WORSE ?AN ?OSE !Y'D LEFT4 ,AS 9 ALL GOLD RU%ES1 H[EV]1 ! GOLD WAS NOT LONG AVAILABLE TO ALL COM]S4 ,! GOLD RU% WAS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$1 & ALL ! GOLD WAS C>EFULLY *ANNEL$ 9TO ! H&S ( ! M9E [N]S1 ! H&S ( ?OSE :O HAD ! WEAL? & P[] TO BUY ! 0RI<TS40 ,AS ONE OBS]V] SUMM>IZ$1 0,FROM ! TIME ( ! ,PANIC ( #a#h#g#c1 :I* SIGNAL$ ! DEA? ( ! OLD 9DIVIDUALI/IC 5TREPR5EUR1 ! CORPORATION WAS ! KEY 9/ITUTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMIC SY/EM40.<#a#f#h.> 

,A SOCIAL SY/EM :I* LODGES AN EXCESS ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( 0! FEW0 & CONDONES ! FUR!R AUGM5TATION ( ?AT P[]1 WILL 9 RIME LODGE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[] 9TO ! H&S ( V]Y FEW M54 ,& ?IS IS 9 FACT ! C5TRAL *>ACT]I/IC ( TW5TIE? C5TURY ,AM]ICA4 ,I HAVE ALREADY QUOT$ ! AU?ORITATIVE CORPORATION LAWY] :O E/IMAT$ ?AT 0,SLI<TLY MORE ?AN HALF .<( ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RY.> IS [N$ \TRI<T BY NOT MORE ?AN #b CORPORATIONS40.<#a#f#i.> ,I HAVE ALSO QUOT$ ! SOCIOLOGI/ :O TRANSLAT$ ?IS FACT 9TO ITS SOCIAL MEAN+3 0,)9 ! F9ANCIAL & POLITICAL B\ND>IES ( ! CORPORATION1 ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION ITSELF HAS BE5 CONC5TRAT$4 ,CORPORATIONS COMM& RAW MAT]IALS1 & ! PAT5TS ON 9V5TIONS ) :I* TO TURN !M 9TO F9I%$ PRODUCTS4 ,!Y COMM& ! MO/ EXP5SIVE1 & !RE=E :AT MU/ BE ! F9E/1 LEGAL M9DS 9 ! WORLD1 TO 9V5T & TO REF9E !IR DEF5SES & !IR /RATEGIES4 ,!Y EMPLOY MAN AS PRODUC] & !Y MAKE ?AT :I* HE BUYS AS CONSUM]4 ,!Y CLO! HIM & FE$ HIM & 9VE/ HIS MONEY4 ,!Y MAKE ?AT ) :I* HE FI<TS ! W>S & !Y F9ANCE ! BALLYHOO ( ADV]TISEM5T & ! OBSCURANTI/ BUNK ( PUBLIC RELATIONS ?AT SURR\ND HIM DUR+ ! W>S & BETWE5 !M40.<#a#g.> 

,?US ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NOT A SOCIETY :]E ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY :]E ,JU/ICE IS MONOPOLIZ$ BY ! 0RI* & WELL BOM40 ,! SCALE IS \T ( BALANCE3 ON ! L[] HALF ! WEI<T ( 0! MASS ( MANK9D0 SUPPORTS 0! FEW0 ON ! UPP] HALF4 ,A FEW M5 HAVE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE1 AS WELL AS A MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( AUGM5T+ WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE4 0,! MASS ( MANK9D0 >E 9/RUM5TS ( ! RI*2 !Y >E TOOLS1 !Y >E EMPLOY$ AS 0H&S20 !IR LABOR & TIME >E NOT !IR [N1 !Y >E NOT !IR [N MA/]S1 !Y DO NOT EX]T CONTROL OV] ! IMPORTANT MATT]S ( !IR LIVES4 ,! 9FLU5CE & VOICE ( ! MAJORITY ( ,AM]ICANS IS SYMBOLIZ$ BY AN ,9T]COMMUNICATION ,SY/EM 9 A CAPITALI/ FACTORY OR 9DU/RIAL PLANT-- :AT WORK]S CALL A 0BIT*-BOX40 ,! 0BOSS0 HAS A C5TRALIZ$ 0BOX0 9 HIS (FICE FROM :I* HE CAN CALL & DIRECT ALL ! WORK]S2 ! WORK]S1 9 TURN1 HAVE ! P[] & VOICE1 !Y HAVE ! 0FRE$OM10 TO ANSW] ! BOSS'S CALL4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS A SOCIETY ( MA/]S & S]VANTS1 EUPHEMIZ$ AS 0EMPLOY]S0 & 0EMPLOYES10 OR 0MANAGEM5T & LABOR40 ,IT DIFF]S SLI<TLY1 BUT SIGNIFICANTLY1 FROM A SLAVE OR S]F SOCIETY4 ,9 A SLAVE SOCIETY1 ! MA/] HAS ABSOLUTE P[] OV] ! 5TIRE LIVES & =TUNES ( 0HIS0 SLAVES4 ,HE IS !IR 0FA!R10 !Y >E HIS 0*ILDR510 & ?US HE IS 0RESPONSIBLE0 = !M4 ,CAPITALISM DECREASES ! P[] OV] ! 5TIRE LIFE ( HUMAN BE+S TO A P[] OV] !IR TIME & LABOR1 & AT ! SAME TIME ABOLI%ES ! PAT]NAL 0RESPONSIBILITY0 ) :I* SLAVE-MA/]S W]E *>G$4 ,S9CE TIME & LABOR >E ! MO QUALITIES ) :I* A HUMAN BE+ %APES HIS DE/9Y1 ! S]VITUDE ( A MAN :O HAS ALI5AT$ !SE QUALITIES TO ANO!R IS JU/ AS REAL AS ?AT ( A SLAVE OR A S]F4 ,H[EV]1 ! CAPITALI/ DOES NOT VIEW HIS EMPLOYES AS 0*ILDR50 BUT AS 0H&S10 & BY ?US DEGRAD+ M5 FROM SUB-HUMANS 9TO ?+S1 HE DOES NOT FEEL 9 ANY WAY 0RESPONSIBLE0 = !M3 HE CAN BREAK1 FIRE1 & REPLACE !M AT WILL4 ,?US ! EXI/5CE ( A L>GE NUMB] ( 0UNEMPLOY$10 ( M5 :O >E \TSIDE ! B\ND>IES ( ! ECONOMY1 IS ( NO CONC]N TO CAPITALI/S4 ,UNLIKE ! SLAVE SOCIETY1 ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY GIVES M5 A *OICE ( MA/]S :OM !Y CAN S]VE4 ,! *OICE IS OBVI\SLY LIMIT$ TO ! 0OP5+S0 AVAILABLE AT ANY GIV5 TIME4 ,BUT IF A MAN %\LD *OOSE NOT TO S]VE ANY MA/]1 NOR TO BE A MA/] HIMSELF1 HE IS FREE TO />VE4 

,= ?OSE :O REFUSE S]VITUDE1 & = ?OSE :O CANNOT F9D IT1 CAPITALISM PROVIDES A VICI\S 9/ITUTION1 UNKN[N 9 ANY SLAVE SOCIETY3 ! 9/ITUTION ( ,UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,9 ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 !RE MU/ ALWAYS BE A SURPLUS ( LABOR1 S9CE A %ORTAGE ( LABOR W\LD MAKE WORK]S TOO P[]FUL 9 A /RIKE1 TOO 9SI/5T 9 !IR DEM&S = A GREAT] %>E ( ! WEAL?1 & TOO CURI\S AB\T ! NECESSITY ( RETA9+ UNPRODUCTIVE CAPITALI/S :OSE ONLY FUNCTION IS TO SUCK UP ! FRUIT ( O!R M5'S LABOR4 ,?US !RE >E ALWAYS SOME :O >E UNEMPLOY$--:O DO NOT WANT OR CANNOT F9D CAPITALI/S TO S]VE4 ,S9CE ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9CULCATES 9 ALL M5 ! DESIRE TO S]VE1 ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! 0UNEMPLOY$0 >E M5 :O CRAVE = EMPLOYM5T & >E DEPRIV$ ( IT BY A %ORTAGE ( 0OP5+S40 ,& = ?IS !Y >E CRIM9ALS4 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ 9/RUCTIVE %ORT C\RSE ON CAPITALISM IS ?AT :I* IS GIV5 V]Y DAY 9 ! C\RTS ( BIG CITIES :]E M5 >E TRI$ = PETTY CRIMES & 0DISORD]LY CONDUCT40 ,9 SU* A C\RT1 ONE MIS]ABLE WRET* AFT] ANO!R IS DRAGG$ 9--ONE = VAGRANCY1 ANO!R = DR9K+ TO =GET HIS HUNG] & MIS]Y1 ANO!R = SLEEP+ ON A P>K B5*4 ,! FIR/ C\NT AGA9/ ! MAN :O SLEPT ON ! B5* IS ?AT HE HAS NO ADDRESS1 NO HOME TO :I* TO RETURN2 ! SECOND C\NT1 ?AT HE HAS NO JOB1 NO 0GA9FUL EMPLOYM5T20 & ! ?IRD C\NT AGA9/ HIM IS ?AT1 DUE TO HIS LACK ( MEANS1 HE SLEPT ON ! P>K B5*4 ,IF HE IS A 0REPEAT$ (F5D]0 HE IS S5T TO ! 0WORK H\SE0 = A P]IOD ( =C$ LABOR4 ,HE IS !N RELEAS$ AS POOR & MIS]ABLE AS BE=E1 & 9 TIME PICK$ UP AGA9 = 0DISORD]LY CONDUCT40 0,!RE=E1 ?AT ONE COVET\S & UNSATIABLE CORMORANT & V]Y PLAGUE ( HIS NATIVE C\NTRY MAY COMPASS AB\T & 5CLOSE MANY ?\S& ACRES ( GR\ND TOGE!R )9 ONE PALE OR H$GE1 ! HUSB&M5 BE ?RU/ \T ( !IR [N 444 !Y MU/ NE$S DEP>T AWAY1 POOR1 SILLY1 WRET*$ S\LS1 M51 WOM51 HUSB&S1 WIVES1 FA!RLESS *ILDR51 WID[S1 WOEFUL MO!RS & Y\NG BABES4 ,& YET !N ALSO !Y BE CA/ 9 PRISON AS VAGABONDS1 BECAUSE !Y GO AB\T & WORK NOT2 :OM NO MAN WILL SET A-WORK1 ?\< !Y NEV] SO WILL+LY (F] !MSELVES !RETO40.<#a#g#a.> ,! MISFITS ( CAPITALISM >E CRIM9ALS2 !Y >E CONDEMN$ = BE+ UNEMPLOY$2 ! VICTIMS >E !MSELVES *>G$ = ! MIS]Y ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9FLICTS ON !M4 ,! 0UNEMPLOY$0 ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY >E NOT SLAVES2 !Y >E /RAY ANIMALS4 

,! 0RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES0 ,JEFF]SON HAD ADVOCAT$ IS /ILL GIV5 LIP-S]VICE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ! =M ( ANTI-TRU/ LEGISLATION & 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 PROPAG&A1 BUT 9 PRACTICE IT IS UTT]LY DISC>D$4 ,IF ! SALESM5 ( CORPORATIONS >E TAU<T TO CLAIM !Y >E 09DIVIDUAL FREE 5T]PRIS]S10 !IR /ATUS AS S]VANTS IS NOT !REBY *ANG$4 ,GOV]NM5T DOES NOT RE/RICT BUT MAGNIFIES MONOPOLIES4 ,BO? ,LAW & ! ,(FIC]S ( ! ,LAW >E *>G$ ) ! MA9T5ANCE & PROTECTION ( CORPORATE PROP]TY1 NOT ! MA9T5ANCE & PROTECTION ( HUMAN LIFE & WELLBE+4 ,LAW1 :I* MEANS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ VIOL5CE1 PROTECTS ! =TUNATE FROM ! DEPRIV$4 0,!Y WILL BORR[ = ! NATION1 ?AT !Y MAY L5D4 ,!Y WILL (F] L5D]S GREAT PR(ITS1 ?AT !Y MAY %>E 9 !M4 ,AS GRIEVANCES GRADUALLY EXCITE NATIONAL DISCONT5T1 !Y WILL FIX ! YOKE MORE SECURELY1 BY MAK+ IT GRADUALLY HEAVI]4 ,& !Y WILL F9ALLY AV[ & MA9TA9 !IR CORRUPTION1 BY E/ABLI%+ AN IRRESI/IBLE /&+ >MY1 NOT TO DEF5D ! NATION1 BUT TO DEF5D A SY/EM = PLUND]+ ! NATION40.<#a#g#b.> ,?OSE :O GA9 FROM ! PLUND] ACQUIRE A MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( VIOL5CE & ! ?REAT ( VIOL5CE EMBODI$ 9 ,LAW1 & !Y H5CE=? EMPLOY VIOL5CE & LAW TO DEF5D !IR PLUND]4 ,9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 AS 9 ! OLD1 M5 >E AGA9 9/RUM5TS ( ! LAW1 NOT LAW ! 9/RUM5T ( M54 ,! PRACTITION]S (! LAW1 ! MAGI/RATES ( CAPITALISM1 MU/ BELIEVE1 AS A REQUISITE = ACCEPTANCE 9 !IR PR(ESSION1 ?AT A /ATE ( AFFAIRS !RE LAW IS ! 9/RUM5T ( ALL M5 CON/ITUTES 0*AOS0 & 0AN>*Y40 

,?US ! FIR/ & =EMO/ REQUIREM5T = A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY DOES NOT EXI/ 9 ! L& ?AT CALLS ITSELF ! WORLD'S DEF5D] ( ,DEMOCRACY1 ,FRE$OM & ,JU/ICE4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY ( PRIVILEGE1 :]E LAW CONDONES ! 5RI*M5T ( SOME AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS1 & !N PROTECTS ! RI*ES ?US ACQUIR$4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY ( MA/]S & S]VANTS ?AT DOES NOT GREATLY DIFF] FROM PREVI\S =MS ( SU* AN >RANGEM5T1 EXCEPT ?AT ! DEGREE ( 9EQUALITY IS GREAT] & ! 0RESPONSIBILITY0 ( MA/]S T[>D S]VANTS SMALL]4 ,! F>-SI<T$ ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD CLE>LY P]CEIV$ ?AT ! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? IS NO MILD SUCCESSOR TO ! >I/OCRACY ( TITLE & SUP]/ITION4 ,! NEW SY/EM IS A F> MORE EFFICI5T & F> DEADLI] ME?OD ( 5SLAV+ M5 ?AN ANY PREVI\S >I/OCRACY4 0,A NATION EXPOS$ TO A P>OXYSM ( CONQU]+ RAGE1 HAS 9F9ITELY ! ADVANTAGE ( ONE1 SUBJECT$ TO ?IS >I/OCRATICAL SY/EM4 ,ONE IS LOCAL & TEMPOR>Y2 ! O!R IS SPREAD BY LAW & P]PETUAL4 ,ONE IS AN OP5 ROBB]1 :O W>NS Y\ TO DEF5D Y\RSELF2 ! O!R A SLY ?IEF1 :O EMPTIES Y\R POCKETS UND] A PRET5SE ( PAY+ Y\R DEBTS4 ,ONE IS A PE/IL5CE1 :I* WILL 5D ( ITSELF2 ! O!R A CLIMATE DEADLY TO LIB]TY4 

0,AFT] AN 9VASION1 SUSP5D$ RI<TS MAY BE RESUM$1 RU9$ CITIES REBUILT1 & PA/ CRUELTIES =GOTT52 BUT 9 ! OPPRESSIONS ( ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 !RE CAN BE NO RESPITE2 SO LONG AS !RE IS ANY ?+ TO GET1 IT CANNOT BE GLUTT$ ) WEAL?2 SO LONG AS !RE IS ANY ?+ TO FE>1 IT CANNOT BE GLUTT$ ) P[]2 O!R TYRANTS DIE2 ?IS IS IMMORTAL4 

0,A CONQU]OR MAY HAVE CLEM5CY2 HE MAY BE G5]\S2 AT LEA/ HE IS VA91 & MAY BE S(T5$ BY FLATT]Y4 ,BUT A SY/EM F\ND$ 9 EVIL MORAL QUALITIES1 IS 9S5SIBLE TO HUMAN VIRTUES & PASSIONS1 9CAPABLE ( REMORSE1 GUID$ CON/ANTLY BY ! PR9CIPLES :I* CREAT$ IT1 & ACTS BY ! IRON 9/RUM5TS1 LAW1 >MIES & TAX GA!R]S4 ,) :AT PROSPECT ( SUCCESS1 READ]1 C\LD Y\ ADDRESS ! CLEM5CY1 G5]OSITY OR VANITY ( ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE8 ,:]E=E HAS NO ONE TRI$ ?IS HOPELESS EXP]IM5T8 ,BECAUSE CLEM5CY1 G5]OSITY & VANITY1 >E NOT AMONG ! MORAL QUALITIES :I* CON/ITUTE ! *>ACT] ( AN EVIL MORAL SY/EM4 

0,! ONLY TWO MODES EXTANT ( 5SLAV+ NATIONS1 >E ?OSE ( >MIES & ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE40.<#a#g#c.> 

,! RESPECTABLE EI<TE5? C5TURY PLANTATION [N] FROM ,C>OL9E ,C\NTY1 ,VIRG9IA1 AS WELL AS HIS FAM\S FRI5D ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON1 W\LD D\BDESS BE 09VE/IGAT$10 MALIGN$ & RU9$ AS 0A!I/IC ,M>XI/ COMMUNI/ CONSPIRATORS0 BY PRES5T DAY ,AM]ICAN ,CONGRESSM54 ,TAYLOR'S BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ F\R YE>S BE=E ! BIR? ( ,K>L ,M>X4 ,& OV] F\R C5TURIES AGO1 A MAN :O WAS SANCTIFI$ 9 #aice BUT BEHEAD$ 9 #aece HAD WRITT51 0:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JU/LY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40.<#a#g#d.> 

 "9"9"9 

,JEFF]SON & ! E>LY ,AM]ICAN LIB]ALS HAD HOP$ ?AT1 ) A P>LIAM5T1 A BILL ( RI<TS1 ELECTIONS1 & UNIV]SAL $UCATION1 ! CAPITALI/ 9T]LUDE W\LD BE TEMPOR>Y1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W\LD GRADUALLY UNSEAT ! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL?1 & ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T W\LD CONT9UE4 ,BUT ,JEFF]SON & ! LIB]ALS DIDN'T %[' AS MU* DISC]NM5T AS WAS %[N BY ,?OMAS ,MORE ?REE C5TURIES E>LI]4 ,AMONG ! LIB]AL DEMOCRATS1 ONLY ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD SE5 CLE>LY ?AT NEI!R P>LIAM5T1 NOR BILL ( RI<TS1 NOR ELECTIONS1 NOR UNIV]SAL $UCATION1 C\LD FUNCTION = DEMOCRATIC 5DS ONCE !Y FELL TO AN >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE4 0,A GOV]NM5T1 A SECTION ( IT1 OR A MEASURE1 F\ND$ 9 AN EVIL MORAL PR9CIPLE1 SU* AS FRAUD1 AMBITION1 AV>ICE OR SUP]/ITION1 MU/ PRODUCE CORRESPOND5T EFFECTS1 & DEFEAT ! 5D ( GOV]NM5T444 ,IT IS ! SAME ?+ TO A NATION :E!R IT IS SUBJECT$ TO ! WILL ( A M9ORITY1 BY SUP]/ITION1 CONQUE/1 OR PATRONAGE & PAP]4 ,:E!R ?IS 5D IS G5]AT$ BY ]R\R1 BY =CE1 OR BY FRAUD1 ! 9T]E/ ( ! NATION IS 9V>IABLY SACRIFIC$ TO ! 9T]E/ ( ! M9ORITY40.<#a#g#e.> ,AS SOON AS 0! FEW0 ACQUIRE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 P[] & PRIVILEGE1 !N $UCATION1 COMMUNICATION1 & P>TICIPATION1 ! ?REE 9/RUM5TS BY :I* M5 W]E TO MA9TA9 DEMOCRATIC JU/ICE ONCE E/ABLI%$1 BECAME CONV]T$ 9TO 9/RUM5TS BY :I* 0! MASS ( MANK9D0 >E 5?RALL$ TO WEAL?1 P[]1 & PRIVILEGE4 

,IGNORANT M5 >E ! 9/RUM5TS ( ?OSE :O HAVE ! P[] & WILL TO MANIPULATE IGNORANCE4 ,DEMOCRATS ONCE DREAM$ ( PREV5T+ SU* MANIPULATION 9 ,AM]ICA BY MEANS ( A PROGRAM ( $UCATION :I* W\LD GIVE EA* MAN A BROAD UND]/&+ ( HIS RELATIONS TO HIS FELL[ M51 HIS SOCIETY & HIS AGE1 AS WELL AS AN 9SI<T 9TO ! POSSIBILITIES ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS LUCIDLY SUMM>IZ$ ! GOALS & CONT5T ( DEMOCRATIC $UCATION3 0444TO ASSI/ 9 ! BIR? AMONG A GR\P ( PEOPLE ( ?OSE CULTURAL & POLITICAL & TE*NICAL S5SIBILITIES :I* W\LD MAKE !M G5U9E MEMB]S ( A G5U9ELY LIB]AL PUBLIC1 ?IS IS AT ONCE A TRA9+ 9 SKILLS & AN $UCATION ( VALUES4 ,IT 9CLUDES A SORT ( !RAPY 9 ! ANCI5T S5SE ( CL>IFY+ ONE'S KN[L$GE ( SELF2 IT 9CLUDES ! IMP>T+ ( ALL ?OSE SKILLS ( CONTROV]SY ) ONE'S SELF1 :I* WE CALL ?9K+ & ) O!RS1 :I* WE CALL DEBATE4 ,& ! 5D PRODUCT ( SU* LIB]AL $UCATION ( S5SIBILITIES IS SIMPLY ! SELF-$UCAT+1 SELF-CULTIVAT+ MAN OR WOMAN4 

0,! KN[L$GEABLE MAN 9 ! G5U9E PUBLIC IS ABLE TO TURN HIS P]SONAL TR\BLES 9TO SOCIAL ISSUES1 TO SEE !IR RELEVANCE = HIS COMMUNITY & HIS COMMUNITY'S RELEVANCE = !M4 ,HE UND]/&S ?AT :AT HE ?9KS & FEELS AS P]SONAL TR\BLES >E V]Y (T5 NOT ONLY ?AT BUT PROBLEMS %>$ BY O!RS & 9DE$ NOT SUBJECT TO SOLUTION BY ANY ONE 9DIVIDUAL BUT ONLY BY MODIFICATIONS ( ! /RUCTURE ( ! GR\PS 9 :I* HE LIVES & SOMETIMES ! /RUCTURE ( ! 5TIRE SOCIETY4444 

0,IT IS ! TASK ( ! LIB]AL 9/ITUTION1 AS ( ! LIB]ALLY $UCAT$ MAN1 CONT9UALLY TO TRANSLATE TR\BLES 9TO ISSUES & ISSUES 9TO ! T]MS ( !IR HUMAN MEAN+ = ! 9DIVIDUAL4444 ,9 A COMMUNITY ( PUBLICS ! TASK ( LIB]AL $UCATION W\LD BE3 TO KEEP ! PUBLIC FROM BE+ OV]:ELM$2 TO HELP PRODUCE ! DISCIPL9$ & 9=M$ M9D ?AT CANNOT BE OV]:ELM$4440.<#a#g#f.> ,)\T SU* A PROGRAM1 M5 WILL BE OV]:ELM$4 0,IF A NATION EXPECTS TO BE IGNORANT & FREE1 9 A /ATE ( CIVILIZATION1 IT EXPECTS :AT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE40.<#a#g#g.> 

,! MO/ COMMON TYPE ( IGNORANCE IS TRA9$ IGNORANCE4 ,& 9 ! SOCIETY RUL$ BY ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 $UCADON1 ! PRIME 9/RUM5T = HUMAN 5LI<T5M5T & LIB]ATION1 BECOMES A HI<LY REF9$ ME?OD ( 9CULCAT+ DELUSIONS4 ,! 9TELLIG5T PUBLIC IS REPLAC$ BY ! IGNORANT MASS4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ TAU<T TO UND]/& !IR RELATIONS TO !IR SITUATION1 M5 >E NURTUR$ ON F> FET*$ DELUSIONS & DISCIPL9$ 9 M9UTE TE*NIQUES4 ,! RESULT IS A SOCIETY :]E M5 HAVE 9F9ITE KN[L$GE AB\T AN 9F9ITESIMAL TASK :I* O!R M5 CANNOT UND]/&1 & VAGUE1 MEAN+LESS PLATITUDES AB\T ! PROBLEMS & CONC]NS M5 HAVE 9 COMMON4 ,! RESULT IS A MASS SOCIETY :]E EA* SIL5TLY FULFILLS HIS APPO9T$ TASK ) UTMO/ PRECISION1 BUT CANNOT UND]/& HIS TASK1 CANNOT CONTROL IT1 & CANNOT COMMUNICATE ?IS FACT TO O!R M54 ,! RESULT IS A RATIONALLY CREAT$ SOCIETY 9 :I* REASON & ?\<T >E SUP]FLU\S & IRRELEVANT-- AS SUP]FLU\S AS W\LD BE IDEAS & ?\<T 9 ANIMALS :O C\LD NOT COMMUNICATE !M OR 9 ANY WAY 9DICATE !Y HAD !M4 ,9 ?IS PROCESS ( 0MASSIFICATION0 M5 BECOME SOME?+ LESS ?AN HUMAN3 !Y BECOME OBJECTS3 !IR ONLY SPECIFICALLY HUMAN POSSESSION BECOMES ! MASS ?\<T1 ! MASS DELUSION4 0,RI<T Y\ >E IF Y\ ?9K Y\ >E10 WROTE ! PLAYWRI<T ,LUIGI ,PIR&ELLO4 ,?IS DOCTR9E HAS BECOME ! C5TRAL PR9CIPLE ( ,AM]ICAN P$AGOGY4 ,EA* P]SON IS BR\<T UP ON A FALSE IMAGE ( ! ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY1 AN IMAGE 9 :I* POLITICAL ACTIVITY IS 9 ! H&S ( 9DEP5D5T & RESPONSIBLE ELECT$ (FICIALS1 & ! ECONOMY IS 9 ! H&S ( SMALL 5T]PRIS+ BUS9ESSM54 ,! IMAGE DOES NOT DESCRIBE ANY?+ ) :I* PEOPLE >E FAMILI>1 YET ! IMAGE CANNOT BE *ALL5G$4 ,= AN OIL WORK] :OSE MA*9ES & TOOLS >E SO IMM$IATE & REAL1 ! CORPORATIONS & ! PR(ITS >E H>D TO GRASP & BE/ =GOTT52 SURELY IF MULTI-BILLION DOLL> CORPORATIONS & RI* M5 :OSE PR(ITS COME 9 MILLIONS REALLY EXI/$1 ?IS FACT W\LD HAVE BE5 M5TION$ 9 ! S*OOLBOOKS1 IT W\LD APPE> 9 ! NEWSPAP]S4 ,= A /UD5T ( ECONOMICS :O CONFRONTS BOOKS ?AT CONSI/5TLY DRAW ! SAME F9ELY-DETAIL$ PICTURE & PR(ESSORS :O CONSI/5TLY EXP\ND ! SAME REALITY !RE CAN ONLY BE ONE IMAGE2 C\LD SECTIONS ( LIBR>IES & FACULTIES ( TEA*]S ALL BE DEVOT$ TO DESCRIB+ :AT HAS NEV] EXI/$8 ,! 9HABITANTS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY C\LD NEI!R JU/IFY NOR DEF5D ! CORPORATE SOCIETY BECAUSE !Y DO NOT KN[ !Y LIVE 9 IT4 ,! IMAGE DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO ANY SOCIETY1 & HAS NO?+ TO DO ) CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,! IMAGE IS BAS$ ON :AT ,M>X CALL$ A FALSE CONSCI\SNESS4 

,)9 ,PIR&ELLO'S MORAL FRAMEWORK1 A FALSE CONSCI\SNESS IS EV]YONE'S PRIVILEGE1 PROVID$ ! DELUSION IS ONE'S [N4 ,H[EV]1 9 ! CORPORATE MASS SOCIETY1 A PRIVATE FALSE CONSCI\SNESS IS /ILL AS UNRESPECTABLE AS IT WAS 9 ,PIR&ELLO'S DAY4 ,PSY*OTICS >E /ILL TAK5 TO 9/ITUTIONS1 & EF=TS >E /ILL MADE TO 0CORRECT0 !IR M5TAL IMAGE SO IT WILL CORRESPOND ) A POPUL>LY ACCEPT$ 0REALITY40 ,UNLIKE ,PIR&ELLIAN DELUSIONS1 ! IDEOLOGY ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS NOT A SELF-9DUC$ PRIVATE DELUSION4 ,IT IS A SOCIALLY 9DUC$ MASS DELUSION4 ,! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,MASSES IS A SY/EMATICALLY MANIPULAT$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! MANIPULATION ( ! HUMAN M9D IS A TE*NIQUE ?AT ,HITL] LE>N$ FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--HE WAS AN AVID /UD5T ( ,AM]ICAN 0$UCATION0 BY MEANS ( ,ADV]TIS+ & ,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS4 ,IT IS ?IS MANIPULATION ( CONSCI\SNESS1 ! TRA9+ ( ! HUMAN M9D & SPIRIT 9TO ONE SY/EM ( IDEAS & DESIRES1 ?AT CONV]TS PEOPLE 9TO 0MASSES40 

,! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS AGA9 A SOCIETY ( >I/OCRATS :O WA/E O!R M5'S LABOR ON ELABORATE1 TA/ELESS MONUM5TS TO !IR WEAL?1 ON VA/ HI]>*IES ( FIL+ EXP]TS & S]VILE P>ASITES1 ON ! BIGGE/ & UGLIE/ >S5AL ( DEA?-WEAPONS 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,IT IS AGA9 A SOCIETY ( SOLDI]S :OSE SOLE FUNCTION IS TO MURD] & DE/ROY :AT O!R M5 BUILD4 ,IT IS AGA9 A SOCIETY ( PRIE/S4 ,W9/ANLEY HAD ONCE URG$ ?AT PRIE/S BE TURN$ TO S*OOLMA/]S1 ?AT !Y TEA* M5 AB\T ! WORLD !Y LIVE 91 AB\T HUMAN HI/ORY1 AB\T ! LAWS & DIV]SITY ( NATURE4 ,BUT 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ! S*OOLMA/]S >E PRIE/S AGA91 & !Y AGA9 0MAKE S]MONS TO PLEASE ! SICKLY M9DS ( IGNORANT PEOPLES1 TO PRES]VE !IR [N RI*ES & E/EEM AMONG A *>M$1 BEFOOL$1 & BESOTT$ PEOPLE40.<#a#g#h.> ,M5'S RELATIONS TO !IR FELL[S1 !IR SOCIETY1 !IR AGE1 >E AGA9 COV]$ BY IMP5ETRABLE MI/1 & M5 >E DRILL$ 9 BL9D FAI?1 POLITICAL 9COMPET5CE1 & VOCATIONAL EXP]TIZE4 ,! PROGRAM ?AT WAS TO 0PRODUCE ! DISCIPL9$ & 9=M$ M9D ?AT CANNOT BE OV]:ELM$0 IS REPLAC$ BY A SY/EMATIC RAPE ( ! HUMAN M9D DESIGN$ TO YIELD PLIANT1 OB$I5T 0EMPLOYES0 :O >E 0GOOD CITIZ5S0 :5 !Y KN[ !IR 0PLACE40 ,! LIB]AT+ $UCATION 5VISAG$ BY DEMOCRATS WAS NOT GIV5 A *ANCE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,AS ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS PO9TS \T1 0! FUNCTION ( $UCATION %IFT$ FROM ! POLITICAL TO ! ECONOMIC3 TO TRA9 PEOPLE = BETT]-PAY+ JOBS & ?US TO GET AHEAD4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE ( ! HI< S*OOL MOVEM5T1 :I* HAS MET ! BUS9ESS DEM&S = :ITE-COLL> SKILLS AT ! PUBLIC'S EXP5SE4 ,9 L>GE P>T $UCATION HAS BECOME M]ELY VOCATIONAL2 9 SO F> AS ITS POLITICAL TASK IS CONC]N$1 ?AT HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO A R\T9E TRA9+ ( NATIONALI/ LOYALTIES40.<#a#g#i.> 

,! DEMOCRATIC LIB]ALS :O HOP$ ?AT $UCATION MI<T 9 TIME LIB]ATE M5 FROM ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE W]E NOT V]Y DISC]N+4 ,IF AN $UCATIONAL PROGRAM IS IMPLEM5T$ & PAID = BY CAPITALI/S1 IT WILL REFLECT ! 9T]E/S ( CAPITALI/S4 ,IT IS NOT TO ! 9T]E/ ( AN >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? TO LET M5 BE TAU<T 9DEP5D5CE ( M9D1 = SU* TEA*+ W\LD UND]M9E M5'S ADH]5CE TO A SY/EM :I* TREATS ! E>? & ITS 9HABITANTS AS ! 0PRIVATE PROP]TY0 ( A FEW2 SU* TEA*+ MI<T LEAD M5 TO REALIZE ?AT 0PRIVATE PROP]TY0 IS NOT A LAW ( NATURE BUT A HUMAN CONV5TION1 & AS A CONV5TION IT CAN BE OV]?R[N4 ,CAPITALI/S >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 A NATION ( M5 :O 0CANNOT BE OV]:ELM$20 !Y >E 9T]E/$ 9 0EMPLOY+10 9 US+ MAT]IALS & M5 9 ORD] TO ACCUMULATE PRIVATE WEAL?4 ,AN $UCATIONAL SY/EM SUPPORT$ BY 0EMPLOY]S0 WILL BE DESIGN$ TO YIELD EMPLOYABLE M54 ,! CONT5T ( SU* A PROGRAM WILL BE LOYALTY1 OB$I5CE1 & VOCATIONAL TRA9+4 ,M5 :O >E DISCIPL9$ 9 POLITICAL 9COMPET5CE & VOCATIONAL PR(ICI5CY CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$ TO REJECT !IR MA/]S & CONT9UE A LONG =GOTT5 DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T4 

,P]HAPS ! GREATE/ TRIUMPH ( ,AM]ICAN 0$UCATION0 IS ! 9CR$IBLE SUCCESS ) :I* IT HAS EQUAT$ VOCATIONAL S5ILITY1 POLITICAL IGNORANCE & NATIONALI/ LOYALTY4 ,! 0F9I%$ PRODUCT0 ( ?IS $UCATIONAL FACTORY IS A MAN :O >D5TLY BELIEVES ?AT S]VILITY IS FRE$OM1 IGNORANCE IS /R5G?1 W> IS PEACE1 & CAPITALISM IS DEMOCRACY4 ,AS AN >TICLE 9 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW REM>K$1 0ALL !SE BLUBB]+ PROTE/ATIONS ( LOVE = DEMOCRACY1 & ALL ?IS TREMBL+ SOLICITUDE = H] SAFETY & HAPP9ESS1 W\LD SEEM TO BE DIE P]FECT /RATEGY = ?OSE :O >E DET]M9$ TO P]PETUATE CAPITALISM BUT :O PRES5TLY PREF] TO P]PETUATE IT UND] COV] ( A READY-MADE NATIONAL DELUSION ?AT ,FREE ,5T]PRISE1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY1 ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE1 ,DEMOCRACY >E ALL ONE & ! SAME ?+--9SEP>ABLE1 9DI/+UI%ABLE1 & 9DISSOLUBLE4 

0,IT'S AMUS+ H[ MO/ APOLOGI/S = CAPITALISM %Y >\ND ! USE ( ! WORD 9 PUBLIC2 ALMO/ 9V>IABLY !Y DRAW ON !IR /OCK ( %OPWORN & PHONY EUPHEMISMS4 ,! /OCK ITSELF HAS BECOME A GLUT9\S NATIONALI/IC COMPLEX 9 :I* ! PHRASE1 0,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE10 IS DESIGN$ TO C>RY T5D] UND]TONES SUGGE/+ MEMORIES ( ,HOME1 ,MO!R1 ,SANTA ,CLAUS1 ! ,FAMILY ,BIBLE1 ,?ANKSGIV+ ,TURKEY1 ! #a' ,SMIMM9' ,HOLE1 & ?OSE FONDLY-REMEMB]$ FRE$OMS ( B>EFOOT BOYHOOD4 .<,?US !.> WIDE-SPREAD DELUSION AMONG ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE ?AT WE ALREADY HAVE DEMOCRACY 9 ?IS C\NTRY--EV5 A SURPLUS = EXPORT TO ! BACKW>D NATIONS40.<#a#h.> 

,! SY/EMATIC 9CULCATION ( ! GR& NATIONALI/IC DELUSION :I* HIDES ! CORPORATE REALITY IS NOT CONF9$ TO ! 0ORD9>Y MAN0 NOR TO ! 0L[] S*OOLS40 ,! ,IVORY ,T[]S ( ,AM]ICAN 0HI<] $UCATION0 HAVE BECOME AS DIVORC$ FROM ! WE/]N HUMANI/ TRADITION AS ! 0L[] S*OOLS40 ,H>VEY ,O',CONNOR HAS DESCRIB$ SOME ( ! ,SAVANTS :O RULE OV] ,AM]ICAN ,HI<] ,$UCATION4 0,:ILE ,COLUMBIA'S LOSS ( ITS PRESID5T1 ,DWI<T ,D4 ,EIS5H[]1 WAS ! OIL 9DU/RY'S GA9 :5 HE CAMPAIGN$ AGA9/ F$]AL [N]%IP ( ! (F%ORE OIL L&1 ! GREAT UNIV]SITY LO/ LITTLE 9 ITS UND]/&+ ( ! 9DU/RY'S PROBLEMS4 ,EIS5H[] WAS SUCCE$$ BY ,DR4 ,GRAYSON ,KIRK1 A DIRECTOR ( ,SOCONV-,VACUUM4 ,DR4 ,KIRK ANN\NC$1 AFT] HIS ELEVATION1 ?AT HE SAW NO 9COMPATIBILITY 9 HOLD+ ! TWO PO/S4 ,SOON !REAFT] ,C\RTNEY ,C4 ,BR[N1 9 *>GE ( ,/&>D ( ,NEW ,J]SEY'S HI<] PUBLIC RELATIONS1 WAS NAM$ DEAN ( ,COLUMBIA'S ,GRADUATE ,S*OOL ( ,BUS9ESS40.<#a#h#a.> ,& TO MAKE D\BLY SURE ?AT /UD5TS DON'T BECOME TOO CURI\S AB\T ! DETAILS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 & CONSUMPTION1 ! CORPORATIONS SUPPORT AB\T A F\R? ( UNIV]SITY RESE>*1 MO/ ( ! RE/ BE+ SUPPORT$ BY ! MILIT>Y4 ,?AT IS1 ! CORPORATIONS GET ! CR$IT = SUPPORT+ UNIV]SITY RESE>*4 ,ACTUALLY ALMO/ ALL ( ! FUNDS !Y 0GIVE0 >E TAX D$UCTIBLE4.<#a#h#b.> ,! EFFECT IS ?AT TAX-PAY]S SUPPORT ! RESE>*1 :ILE CORPORATIONS GET ! P[] TO DICTATE1 OV]TLY OR SUBTLY1 ! PURPOSE & DIRECTION ( ! RESE>*4 ,ACADEMIC ,FRE$OM ,WEEK IS YE>LY CELEBRAT$ ON ,AM]ICAN CAMPUSES4 ,:ATEV] MAY HAVE BE5 ! NOBLE OR IGNOBLE PURPOSES ( UNIV]SITIES 9 O!R TIMES & PLACES1 ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES >E = ! TRA9+ ( CORPORATION MANAG]S1 MILIT>Y EXP]TS1 M9D MANIPULATORS4 ,& :5 LIT]ATURE PR(ESSORS TRA9 ! ATT5TION ( !IR /UD5TS AWAY FROM ! CONT5T ( A LIT]>Y WORK TO ITS =M1 & PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSORS TEA* ?AT ! ANALYSIS ( MAN'S WORLD MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY ! ANALYSIS ( MAN'S WORDS1 !Y TOO JO9 ! ,AM]ICANI/ B&WAGON & EFFECTIVELY PREV5T ANY MESSAGE FROM 5T]+ ! /UD5T'S CONSCI\SNESS :I* WILL CONFLICT ) ! CORPORATE MESSAGE4 

,! CONSEQU5CE IS ?AT CL>ITY ( ?\<T & P[] ( IMAG9ATION >E NOT AMONG ! /RONG PO9TS ( A ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-$UCAT$ MAN4 ,! 9TELLECT-TE*NICIANS1 ! SO-CALL$ 09TELLECTUALS0 ( ,AM]ICA1 EXP]TS ( A M9UTE FRAGM5T ( A 0FIELD10 >E IGNORANT ( ALL O!R 0FIELDS0 AS WELL AS ( ! 9T]RELATIONS & VALUES ( ! 0FIELDS02 YET AT ! SAME TIME !SE 9TELLECT-TE*NICIANS >E CONDESC5D+LY CYNICAL ( ?\<T :I* RELATES MAN TO A L>G] /RUCTURE ?AN ! FRAGM5T ( A 0FIELD40 ,) A CYNICISM GR\ND$ ON IGNORANCE & B>ELY MASK+ A DESIRE TO CON=M TO ! PREVAL5T IDEOLOGY1 ! 9TELLECT-TE*NICIANS CAN GU>D !IR POSITIONS ONLY ) CONTEMPT & DEF5D !IR POSITIONS ONLY ) /]EOTYPES4 ,! 0LIT]>Y M50 D]IVE SUP]IORITY BY DISMISS+ ) CONTEMPT ! 5G9E]S & MANUAL WORK]S :O DO NOT KN[ ! DATE ( ,M>L[E'S DEA?1 & !Y DISMISS SOCIALLY RELEVANT >T BY /]EOTYP+ IT 0SOCIOLOGY0--& 0SOCIOLOGY10 TO !SE LATT] DAY 0LIT]>Y EXP]TS10 HAS ! SAME CONNOTATIONS ?AT 0DIABOLISM0 HAD = A M$IEVAL PRIE/4 0,SOCIOLOGI/S0 REACT 9 K9D1 BY DISMISS+ ANY /UDIES :I* GO BEYOND ! /ATI/ICAL TABULATION ( ! REACTIONS ( #egbc F>M]S TO A MANURE PILE 9 ,NOR!RN ,MI*IGAN AS 0>T1 NOT SCI5CE40 ,! 0POLITICAL SCI5TI/0 IS EXP]T 9 CONV]T+ POLITICAL PROBLEMS 9TO ADM9I/RATIVE PROBLEMS & ADEPT AT TREAT+ HUMAN BE+S AS MAT]IAL = CORPORATE MANAGEM5T4 ,! 0>*ITECT0 IS AN EXP]T 9 ! MAXIMIZATION ( RETURNS & ! M9IMIZATION ( CO/S1 & TO HIM ! PROPOSITION ?AT BUILD+S >E = HUMAN BE+S TO LIVE & WORK 9 IS AS EXOTIC & IRRELEVANT AS ! CLAIM ?AT !RE >E C[S ON ! MOON4 ,EA* IS AN EXP]T 9 HIS FIELD & AN IGNORAMUS 9 ! HUMAN CONSEQU5CES ( HIS 0FIELD40 ,AM]ICAN PHYSICI/S :O PLIANTLY LET !MSELVES BE US$ = ! MANUFACTURE ( WEAPONS ( G5OCIDE HAVE %AMELESSLY ADV]TIS$ ! 9HUMAN LOGIC ( EXP]TIZE3 ',S9CE WE >E EXP]TS 9 ! >TS ( ANNIHILATION1 & BABOONS 9 ! >TS ( LIFE1 WE WILL DEVOTE \RSELVES TO ! CREATION ( G5OCIDAL WEAPONS1 & WILL LEAVE ! CONSEQU5CES TO ?OSE :O >E 9 ! FIELDS ?AT HAVE TO DO ) ! PRES]VATION ( LIFE4' ,UN=TUNATELY1 !RE >E NO 0FIELDS0 ?AT HAVE TO DO ) HUMAN LIFE1 BECAUSE SU* ACTIVITY W\LD HAVE TO TRANSC5D ALL 0FIELDS10 & 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY ! ONLY ACTIVITY ?AT TRANSC5DS ALL 0FIELDS0 IS ! ACCUMULATION ( PR(ITS BY ! CORPORATE MA/]S4 ,LIFE IS NOT ! GOAL BUT ! VICTIM ( CAPITALISM4 ,A SATIRICAL PORTRAIT ( EXP]TS1 :I* ,H4 ,G4 ,WELLS1 HALF A C5TURY AGO1 LOCAT$ ON ! MOON1 IS UN=TUNATELY NO LONG] SATIRICAL1 NOR IS IT ON ! MOON4 ,! ,SEL5ITES DIFF] LITTLE1 & !N MA9LY 9 APPE>ANCE1 FROM ! ALL-TOO-FA9ILI> PRES5T DAY 0M50 BEL[ ! MOON4 0,9 ! ,MOON1 EV]Y CITIZ5 KN[S HIS PLACE4 ,HE IS BOM TO ?AT PLACE1 & ! ELABORATE DISCIPL9E ( TRA9+ & $UCATION & SURG]Y HE UND]GOES FITS HIM AT LA/ SO COMPLETELY TO IT ?AT HE HAS NEI!R IDEAS NOR ORGANS = ANY PURPOSE BEH9D IT4 ,IF1 = EXAMPLE1 A ,SEL5ITE IS DE/9$ TO BE A MA!MATICIAN1 HIS TEA*]S & TRA9]S SET \T AT ONCE TO ?AT 5D4 ,!Y *ECK ANY 9CIPI5T DISPOSITION TO O!R PURSUITS1 !Y 5C\RAGE HIS MA!MATICAL BIAS ) A P]FECT PSY*OLOGICAL SKILL4 ,HIS BRA9 GR[S1 OR AT LEA/ ! MA!MATICAL FACULTIES ( HIS BRA9 GR[1 & ! RE/ ( HIM ONLY SO MU* AS IS NECESS>Y TO SU/A9 ! ESS5TIAL P>T ( HIM4444 ,HIS BRA9 GR[S CONT9UALLY L>G]1 AT LEA/ SO F> AS ! PORTIONS 5GAG+ 9 MA!MATICS >E CONC]N$2 !Y BULGE EV] L>G] & SEEM TO SUCK ALL LIFE & VIGOR FROM ! RE/ ( HIS FRAME4 ,HIS LIMBS %RIVEL1 HIS HE>T & DIGE/IVE ORGANS DIM9I%1 HIS 9SECT FACE IS HIDD5 UND] ITS BULG+ CONT\RS4 ,HIS VOICE BECOMES A M]E /RIDULATION = ! /AT+ ( =MULAS2 HE SEEMS DEAF TO ALL BUT PROP]LY 5UNCIAT$ PROBLEMS4 ,! FACULTY ( LAU<T]1 SAVE = ! SUDD5 DISCOV]Y ( SOME P>ADOX1 IS LO/ TO HIM2 HIS DEEPE/ EMOTION IS ! EVOLUTION ( A NOVEL COMPUTATION4444 

0,OR1 AGA91 A ,SEL5ITE APPO9T$ TO BE A M9D] ( MOONCALVES IS FROM HIS E>LIE/ YE>S 9DUC$ TO ?9K & LIVE MOONCALF1 TO F9D HIS PLEASURE 9 MOONCALF LORE1 HIS EX]CISE 9 !IR T5D+ & PURSUIT4444 ,& SO IT IS ) ALL SORTS & CONDITIONS ( ,SEL5ITES--EA* A P]FECT UNITY 9 A WORLD MA*9E4444 

0,!Y DIFF]$ 9 %APE1 !Y DIFF]$ 9 SIZE1 !Y RANG ALL ! HORRIBLE *ANGES ON ! !ME ( ,SEL5ITE =M4 ,SOME BULG$ & OV]HUNG1 SOME RAN AB\T AMONG ! FEET ( !IR FELL[S4 ,ALL ( !M HAD A GROTESQUE & DISQUIET+ SUGGE/ION ( AN 9SECT ?AT HAS SOMEH[ CONTRIV$ TO MOCK HUMANITY2 BUT ALL SEEM$ TO PRES5T AN 9CR$IBLE EXAGG]ATION ( SOME P>TICUL> FEATURE4440.<#a#h#c.> 

,IF RADICALS ONCE DREAM$ ?AT $UCATION W\LD LIB]ATE M5 BY GIV+ !M AN 9SI<T 9TO ! POT5TIALITIES ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 ?IS IS ONCE MORE ! DREAM ( RADICALS4 ,$UCATION IS US$ TO TRA9 M5 TO S]VE A SOCIETY ?AT DOES NOT S]VE HUMAN 5DS4 ,= M5 9DOCTR9AT$ 9TO ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE1 !RE >E NO POT5TIALITIES BEYOND ! OB$I5T COMPLIANCE TO CORPORATION DEM&S4 ,= M5 :O SURR5D] !IR M9DS1 TIME & LABOR TO ! G5OCIDAL >S5AL ?AT CALLS ITSELF ! ,GU>DIAN ( ,HUMAN ,DIGNITY1 !RE CAN BE NEI!R IDEALS NOR POT5TIALITIES2 ! METAPHYSICAL \T] B\ND>IES ( !IR WORLD >E PR(IT1 PRODUCTION1 & M>KET+4 ,HUMAN IDEALS CANNOT BE S]V$ BY ! PURSUIT ( AN 9HUMAN 5D ?AT LEAVES A TRA9 ( DI/ORT$ SUB-HUMAN VICTIMS BEH9D L(TY PROCLAMATIONS4 

 "9"9"9 

,! ,NEW ,WORLD DID NOT BECOME KN[N EI!R = ITS EQUALITY OR ITS $UCATION1 EI!R = ITS ,JU/ICE OR ITS ,KN[L$GE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM ( ONGO+ AGR>IAN RE=M :I* WAS TO BR+ ALL M5 EQUALITY1 P[] & 9FLU5CE1 WAS REPLAC$ BY A MONEY$ >I/OCRACY ) A GREAT] CONC5TRATION ( WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE ?AN HAD BE5 HELD BY ANY PREVI\S >I/OCRACY4 ,! DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM ( $UCATION WAS TO GIVE M5 9SI<T & UND]/&+ ( ! SOCIETY 9TO :I* !Y >E BOM & DID NOT MAKE1 & ?US TO GIVE M5 KN[L$GE ( ! MEANS BY :I* !Y CAN *ANGE !IR SOCIETY &1 IF !Y F9D IT UNACCEPTABLE1 0TO ABOLI% IT1 & TO 9/ITUTE A NEW GOV]NM5T1 LAY+ ITS F\NDATION ON SU* PR9CIPLES1 & ORGANIZ+ ITS P[]S 9 SU* =M1 AS TO !M %ALL SEEM MO/ LIKELY TO EFFECT !IR SAFETY & HAPP9ESS40.<#a#h#d.> ,BUT 9/EAD1 $UCATION WAS FITT$ TO ! NE$S1 NOT ( SOCIETY1 BUT ( ! >I/OCRACY1 & M5 W]E 0$UCAT$0 TO BE LOYAL & DILIG5T S]VANTS ( CAPITALI/ 0BOSSES40 

,! LIB]AL DEMOCRATS ( #a<h HAD SWALL[$ !IR OBJECTIONS TO ! ,CON/ITUTION :5 !Y W]E PROMIS$ A BILL ( RI<TS4 ,! ,BILL ( ,RI<TS WAS APP5D$ TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 & IS /ILL !RE4 ,ON ?IS ,BILL1 :I* WAS ADD$ AS AN AFT]?\<T BY SECURITY-HOLD]S ANXI\S TO COLLECT !IR =TUNES1 RE/S ! 5TIRE CASE ( ,AM]ICAN 0CIVIL LIB]TIES40 ,& YET1 IF !RE IS NO SOCIAL JU/ICE1 IF M5 >E NEI!R TAU<T ! MEAN+ ( HUMAN EQUALITY NOR $UCAT$ 9 ! MEANS ( 9/ITUT+ IT1 SU* A BILL ( RI<TS CAN NEV] BE MORE ?AN AN AFT]?\<T4 

,! FIR/ AM5DM5T SAYS1 0,CONGRESS %ALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECT+ AN E/ABLI%M5T ( RELIGION1 OR PROHIBIT+ ! FREE EX]CISE !RE(2 OR ABRIDG+ ! FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 OR ( ! PRESS2 OR ! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE PEACEABLY TO ASSEMBLE1 & TO PETITION ! GOV]NM5T = A R$RESS ( GRIEVANCES40.<#a#h#e.> ,BUT ,CONGRESS NE$ MAKE NO LAW RESPECT+ OR PROHIBIT+ ANY ( !SE ?+S IF ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE EX]TS A PROHIBITIVE CONTROL OV] !M4 ,?US ONLY ONE PAN ( ! FIR/ ,AM5DM5T WAS REALIZ$1 & ?AT WAS ! PROVISION = ! 0FREE EX]CISE0 ( RELIGION OR IRRELIGION4 ,& ?IS IS UND\BT$LY A GREAT ACLIIEVEM5T--= ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 NO RELIGI\S W>S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 NOR MASS P]SECUTIONS ( RELIGI\S M9ORITIES4 ,H[EV]1 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY SAW NO MORE RELIGI\S W>S W]E 9 ,EUROPE EI!R1 = BY ?AT TIME ! TYPE ( RELIGI\S 9TOL]ANCE = :I* ,EUROPE WILL =EV] BE REMEMB]$ HAD1 BY & L>GE1 DECL9$ 7UNTIL ! TW5TIE? C5TURY REVIVAL ( RELIGI\S P]SECUTION 9 ,NAZI ,G]MANY74 ,AM]ICAN A*IEVEM5TS 9 (FICIAL RELIGI\S TOL]ANCE %\LD NOT BE UND]E/IMAT$1 BUT ! UN(FICIAL SURVIVAL ( ,AM]ICAN RELIGI\S BIGOTRY %\LD NOT BE =GOTT54 ,:AT IS MORE1 ! HATR$ WAS NOT REMOV$ BUT TRANSF]R$3 ! RACIAL BIGOTRY' ( ,AM]ICANS1 LEGALIZ$ 9 MANY /ATES1 HAS BE5 SURPASS$ ONLY BY ! B>B>IANS ( ,NAZI ,G]MANY & ! ,EUROPEAN M>AUD]S ( ,AFRICA4 

,IT WAS ! PROVISION = UNTRAMMEL$ COMMUNICATION1 WRITT5 9TO ! ,BILL ( ,RI<TS AS FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS1 ?AT GAVE HOPE TO ! DEMOCRATS & PROMISE TO ,AM]ICA4 ,EV5 IF SECURITY-HOLD]S CON/ITUT$ ! GOV]NM5T1 EV5 IF $UCATION WAS CONTROLL$ BY ! RI*1 C\LD NOT AN ATMOSPH]E ( FREE DISCUSSION UNSEAT ! >I/OCRATS 9 P[] & 5ABLE ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T TO CONT9UE8 ,JEFF]SON EXPRESS$ SU* A HOPE4 0,NO EXP]IM5T CAN BE MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN ?AT WE >E N[ TRY+1 :I* WE TRU/ WILL 5D 9 E/ABLI%+ ! FACT ?AT MAN MAY BE GOV]N$ BY REASON & TRU?4 ,\R FIR/ OBJECT %\LD !RE=E BE TO LEAVE OP5 TO HIM ALL ! AV5UES ( TRU?4 ,! MO/ EFFECTUAL HI!RTO F\ND IS ! FRE$OM ( ! PRESS40.<#a#h#f.> ,H[EV]1 IF 0! AV5UES ( TRU?0 >E CLOGG$1 IF ! PUBLIC IS UN$UCAT$1 OR RA!R DIS-$UCAT$ 9TO IGNORANCE1 M$IOCRITY & S]VILITY1 AS WELL AS UN9=M$ OR MIS9=M$ BY ! PRESS1 !N ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T CANNOT CONT9UE1 = !RE WILL BE NO DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC TO EFFECT IT4 0,IF A NATION EXPECTS TO BE IGNORANT & FREE1 9 A /ATE ( CIVILIZATION1 IT EXPECTS :AT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE40.<#a#h#g.> 

,TO EI<TE5? C5TURY DEMOCRATS1 FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS MEANT ?AT ALL ! 0AV5UES ( TRU?10 ! M$IA ( COMMUNICATION1 W\LD BE FREE--OP5 & AVAILABLE--TO ALL M52 NOT 0FREE0 = SOME & CLOS$ TO O!RS4 ,CLE>LY1 A PRESS ?AT IS 0FREE0 ONLY = ?OSE :O HAVE ! P[] TO CONTROL IT IS NOT A FREE PRESS4 ,! K+S & TYRANTS ( ,EUROPE1 ! WEAL?Y NOBLEM5 ( ,5GL&1 ! ,CZ>S ( ,RUSSIA1 HAD ALWAYS BE5 0FREE0 TO EXPRESS !MSELVES AS !Y SAW FIT4 ,BUT IF ! PRESS IS OP5 ONLY TO ! APOLOGI/S = ,CZ>I/ OPPRESSION1 & CLOS$ TO ?OSE :O WANT TO ABOLI% ,CZ>I/ OPPRESSION1 IT IS NOT A FREE PRESS--IT IS PRECISELY ! CLOGG$ TYPE ( PRESS ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T WAS TO ABOLI% FROM ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 

,DEMOCRATS REJECT$ ! SPECIES ( COMMUNICATION :]E A FEW M5 SPEAK & ! RE/ M]ELY LI/54 ,DEMOCRACY MEANT ?AT EA* W\LD HAVE ACCESS TO ! E>S ( ALL4 ,EA* MAN'S WRITT5 ?\<TS W\LD BE AS PROM95TLY DI/RIBUT$ & AS WIDELY AVAILABLE AS ANY O!R MAN'S4 ,! PRESS W\LD BE OP5 TO EV]Y MAN :O C\LD EXPRESS HIMSELF TRU?FULLY & COH]5TLY4 ,TO BE AVAILABLE TO ALL1 ! PRESS MU/ BE SUPPORT$ BY ALL4 ,& IF ! PRESS IS SOCIALLY SUPPORT$1 ?IS MEANS ?AT NO MAN & NO GR\P ( M5 CAN HAVE MONOPOLY OV] IT4 ,IF ! PRESS IS SOCIALLY SUPPORT$ & FREELY AVAILABLE TO ALL1 IT OBVI\SLY CANNOT BE B\<T4 ,IF ! PRESS CAN BE B\<T1 IT WILL BE B\<T BY ?OSE :O CAN BE/ AF=D TO BUY IT1 & WILL BE MO/ READILY AVAILABLE TO ?OSE :O HAVE A LOT ( MONEY2 SU* A PRESS WILL NOT BE EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO ALL M54 

,:]E !RE'S FRE$OM ( SPEE* & FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 !RE CANNOT BE 0DANG]\S IDEAS40 ,!RE CAN BE IMAG9ATIVE & UNIMAG9ATIVE1 ORIG9AL & TRITE IDEAS1 BUT NO 0DANG]\S0 ONES4 ,! ADVOCACY ( PUBLIC SABOTAGE1 MIS]Y & OPPRESSION = ! SAKE ( PRIVATE AGGR&IZEM5T & P[] IS DANG]\S1 BUT IT IS NOT AN IDEA4 ,9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 ! MAN :O ADVOCATES P]SONAL GA9 AT PUBLIC EXP5SE W\LD BE GREET$ AS A LUNATIC1 S9CE HE EXPRESSES1 NOT REASON$ CONCLUSIONS1 BUT AN IRRATIONAL WILL TO DOM9ATE OV] & 5?RALL$ O!R M5--SU* A MAN EXPRESSES ! TYPE ( IRRATIONALISM :I* TW5TIE? C5TURY ,FREUDIAN ,PSY*OANALY/S >E FRANTICALLY TRY+ TO JU/IFY4 ,FRAUD1 SL&] & DECEPTION >E NOT IDEAS1 & A WELL-9=M$1 WELL-$UCAT$ DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY HAD BE/ GREET !M ) 9DIFF]5CE4 ,EXCESSIVE PUNI%M5T ( ! P]PETRATORS ( FRAUD & DECEPTION 9V>IABLY DOES MORE H>M ?AN GOOD1 S9CE PUNI%M5T IS NEXT ( K9 TO OPPRESSION1 & ONCE ! SPREAD+ CIRCLE ( OPPRESSION IS IRJV5 A FOO?OLD1 IT SWELLS LIKE A CANC] & OV]RUNS ALL ( A SOCIETY'S 9/ITUTIONS4 ,FRAUD & DECEPTION ?RIVE ON IGNORANCE2 TO COPE ) !M1 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY W\LD SEEK1 NOT TO REPRESS FRAUD & DECEPTION1 BUT TO ABOLI% IGNORANCE4 ,CLE>LY ! MA9T5ANCE ( A HEAL?Y BODY1 NOT ! 5DLESS CONSUMPTION ( M$IC9ES1 IS ! BE/ WAY TO PREV5T DISEASE4 ,9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 A TRU?FUL & ORIG9AL IDEA WELL EXPRESS$ CANNOT BE 0DANG]\S40 ,AT ! \T] LIMIT1 IT CAN BE UNPOPUL>4 ,BUT AN UNPOPUL> IDEA1 IF IT HAS VALUE1 WILL QUICKLY GA9 POPUL>ITY1 & :5 IT GA9S POPUL>ITY & APPROVAL1 A DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC WILL EXP]IM5T ) IT & 5ACT IT4 ,DEMOCRATS 5VISION$ A SOCIETY :]E M5 W\LD CONT9UALLY EXP]IM5T ) SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS & 9/ITUTIONS 9 ORD] TO FULFILL ! NE$S ( ! HUMAN BE+ & 5L>GE HIS 9TELLECT1 IMAG9ATION & UND]/&+4 ,! LIMITS BEYOND :I* ! EXP]IM5T C\LD NOT TRESPASS W]E 0C]TA9 UNALI5ABLE RI<TS0 AMONG :I* >E 0LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40.<#a#h#h.> ,9 AN UNDEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 ! PROBLEMS ( A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY SEEM 9SURM\NTABLE1 & ! IDEALS UNATTA9ABLE4 ,TO A BL9D MAN1 IT IS H>D TO GRASP ?AT O!RS CAN SEE4 ,9 AN UNDEVELOP$ SOCIETY B]IDD5 ) POV]TY & HUNG]1 ! ELIM9ATION ( DISEASE APPE>S TO BE AN 9SURM\NTABLE PROBLEM2 !RE >E DIFFICULTIES AT EV]Y TURN2 EA* SOLUTION REVEALS NEW PROBLEMS2 EA* VICTORY IS ACCOMPANI$ BY C\NTLESS DEFEATS4 ,YET 9 A SOCIETY :]E POV]TY & HUNG] >E ON ! WAY TO BE+ ABOLI%$1 MANY ( ! 09SURM\NTABLE PROBLEMS0 DISAPPE>2 M5 SUDD5LY F9D ?AT ! MA9T5ANCE ( CLEANL9ESS IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE2 ! ELIM9ATION ( DISEASE SUDD5LY SEEMS A REASONABLE EXPECTATION4 ,TO %$ IDEALS BECAUSE !Y SEEM 0UNATTA9ABLE0 IS C[>DLY2 TO CONDEMN ! ABOLITION ( DISEASE BECAUSE ITS PROBLEMS SEEM 09SURM\NTABLE0 IS TO (F] APOLOGIES = ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 MA9TA9+ DISEASE4 ,P]HAPS P]FECT PHYSICAL & SOCIAL HEAL? ( HUMAN BE+S WILL NEV] BE ATTA9$1 BUT P]FECTION IS M]ELY A GUIDE1 NOT A /ATE ( AFFAIRS2 P]FECTION IS A /&>D1 A MEASURE BY :I* DIRECTIONS & T5D5CIES CAN BE JUDG$4 ,ONE :O GIVES UP A PROBLEM BECAUSE ( ITS DIFFICULTIES1 9/EAD ( SEEK+ ! CAUSES ( ! DIFFICULTIES1 IS A C[>D4 ,HUMAN PHYSICAL HEAL? WILL NOT BE APPROA*$1 & ! ABOLITION ( DISEASE WILL SEEM 09SURM\NTABLE10 SO LONG AS POV]TY & HUNG] EXI/4 ,SOCIAL JU/ICE1 HONE/Y & KN[L$GE WILL SEEM 0UNATTA9ABLE10 SO LONG AS PRIVILEGE & 9EQUALITY EXI/4 

,A PRESS CANNOT AT ! SAME TIME BE A ,BUS9ESS2 A FREE PRESS W\LD BE A SOCIAL FUNCTION SOCIALLY SUPPORT$1 AS FREE AS AIR TO EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IF WEAL?Y & P[]FUL M5 CONTROL ! PRESS1 & IF WEAL? IS REQUIR$ = ACCESS TO IT1 !N A FREE PRESS CANNOT EXI/4 ,:ATEV] !IR P]SONAL VIRTUES1 ! MEMB]S ( A GR\P WILL JUDGE IDEAS 9 T]MS ( !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,!Y WILL JUDGE 0GOOD0 ?OSE IDEAS :I* >E FAVORABLE TO !IR 9T]E/1 & 0BAD0 ?OSE IDEAS :I* >E ANTAGONI/IC TO !IR 9T]E/4 ,:AT'S MORE1 IF IDEAS ?REAT5 TO ABOLI% !IR 9T]E/ ON ! GR\ND ?AT IT IS OPPRESSIVE TO O!R M51 ! M5 9 CONTROL WILL ALWAYS JUDGE SU* IDEAS 0UN9T]E/+0 & (T5 0DANG]\S40 ,IF ?IEVES SUPPORT$ & RAN A PRESS1 !Y W\LD NOT 5C\RAGE WRIT+S ?AT EXPOS$ !FT2 !Y W\LD LACK 9T]E/ 9 WRIT+S ?AT CONDEMN$ !FT2 !Y W\LD SUPPRESS AS 0DANG]\S0 WRIT+S ?AT URG$ ! ABOLITION ( !FT4 ,IF ! PRESS IS [N$ & CONTROLL$ BY ONE CLASS ( M51 IT CANNOT BE A FREE PRESS4 ,! VIRTUES ( ! M5 :O CONTROL IT >E IRRELEVANT4 ,IF ONE GR\P ( M5 ACQUIR$ A MONOPOLY OV] ! WORLD'S AIR1 BOTTL$ IT1 & SOLD IT TO ! WORLD'S 9HABITANTS1 AIR W\LD NOT BE FREE1 NO MATT] H[ 0GOOD0 OR H[ 0EVIL0 ! M5 :O CONTROLL$ IT4 ,A PRESS ?AT IS NOT SOCIALLY SUPPORT$ & AS EASILY AVAILABLE TO ALL M5 AS AIR1 IS NOT A FREE PRESS4 

,YET ! PH5OM5ON ?AT CALLS ITSELF A 0FREE PRESS0 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NEI!R SUPPORT$ NOR RUN BY SOCIETY1 NOR IS IT AVAILABLE TO ALL M54 ,NEWSPAP]S1 PUBLI%+ H\SES1 PR9T+ E/ABLI%M5TS >E NOT SOCIAL FUNCTIONS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 !Y >E ALL 0PRIVATELY [N$40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! PRESS IS ! 0PRIVATE PROP]TY0 ( BUS9ESSM51 & IT IS RUN = F9ANCIAL PR(IT4 ,! BULK ( SUPPORT ( ,AM]ICAN NEWSPAP]S COMES FROM ADV]TIS+4 ,POOR M5 DON'T ADV]TISE4 ,ONLY ! RI* ADV]TISE4 ,! BIGGE/ & WEAL?IE/ CORPORATIONS HAVE ! GREATE/ WEAL? & P[] TO ADV]TISE4 ,ADV]TISEM5T SUPPORTS ! NEWSPAP]4 ,IF ! NEWSPAP] PUBLI%ES IDEAS UNFAVORABLE TO CORPORATIONS1 ! CORPORATIONS WILL NOT SUPPORT IT4 ,SU* PAP]S WILL DIE4 ,! ONLY PAP]S ?AT SURVIVE WILL BE ?OSE ?AT >E FAVORABLE TO ! RI* M5 :O SUPPORT !M4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT A FREE PRESS4 ,! RI* CON/ITUTE ONLY A FRAGM5T ( ! POPULATION4 ,A PRESS SUPPORT$ BY AN >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? IS NO MORE 0FREE0 ?AN A PRESS SUPPORT$ BY A K+1 A CZ>1 OR AN >I/OCRACY ( TITLE & SUP]/ITION4 ,NOR IS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRESS EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO ALL M54 ,! RI* MAN :O [NS A NEWSPAP] HAS ! P[] TO HIRE HIS [N /AFF4 ,ONLY A V]Y UNUSUAL RI* MAN WILL PICK M5 :OSE IMPORTANT IDEAS DIFF] FROM HIS [N2 ONLY A V]Y UNUSUAL HIR$ MAN WILL D>E TO DISAGREE SIGNIFICANTLY ) HIS EMPLOY]'S IDEAS4 ,! \TCOME WILL BE ?AT ! [N] & HIS /AFF WILL PROVIDE READ]S ) ! SAME SY/EM ( IDEAS4 ,SU* A NEWSPAP] IS A CORPORATION2 & ! 9T]E/S ( ! NEWSPAP] [N]S >E ! SAME AS ! 9T]E/S ( ! [N]S ( O!R CORPORATIONS4 ,! RI* M5 :O [N ! NEWSPAP]S EXPRESS !MSELVES ?R\< ! $ITORIAL COLUMNS2 !Y SET ! POLICY1 ! 0L9E02 !Y LIMIT ! RANGE ( IDEAS EXPRESS$ 9 !IR NEWSPAP]S2 !Y DEF9E ! PURPOSES1 ! GOALS1 ( ! PRESS4 ,! READ]S ( SU* NEWSPAP]S WILL GET AN UNDILUT$ VIEW ( H[ ! RI* 9T]PRET ! WORLD3 IDEAS ANTAGONI/IC TO ! CORPORATE >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? WILL BE SUPPRESS$3 !Y WILL BE RELEGAT$ TO ! 0LITTLE MAGAZ9ES0 :I* >E NOT WIDELY DI/RIBUT$1 >E NOT PROM95TLY DISPLAY$1 >E NOT READILY AVAILABLE TO ALL M51 >E AT TIMES TOTALLY UNAVAILABLE TO MO/ M54 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRESS IS ! PRESS ( ! RI*1 & ?\< ! RI* DIFF] FROM EA* O!R ON MANY TOPICS1 FROM GRAS%OPP]S TO PLAYS1 !RE >E MANY ?+S !Y ALL HOLD 9 COMMON1 AMONG :I* >E ! SANCTITY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ! OBLIGATION ( DEBTS1 ! 9VIOLABILITY ( WEAL? & PRIVILEGE1 ! NECESSITY TO SUPPRESS 9SURRECTIONS1 & 0! IMPRUD5CE ( DEMOCRACY4440.<#a#h#i.> 

,AN EXCELL5T ILLU/RATION ( ! WORK+S ( ! ,AM]ICAN 0FREE PRESS0 IS AN >TICLE WRITT5 BY ,LEO ,HUB]MAN 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,DAILY ,COMPASS ON ,MAY #e1 #a#i#e#b4 ,9 ! >TICLE1 ,HUB]MAN QUOT$ A R5[N$ N9ETE5? C5TURY NEWSPAP]MAN1 ,JOHN ,SW9TON1 :O 0HAD BE5 MANAG+ $ITOR ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES & ASSI/ANT $ITOR ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,SUN UND] ,*>LES ,A4 ,DANA2 FROM #ahhc TO #ahhg HE PUBLI%$ HIS [N PAP]40.<#a#i.> ,HUB]MAN QUOT$ A /ATEM5T ,SW9TON MADE TO A GR\P ( $ITORS AT A BANQUET 9 HIS HONOR4 ,! N9ETE5? C5TURY $ITOR & PUBLI%] TOLD HIS FELL[ $ITORS3 0,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ 9 ,AM]ICA AS AN ,9DEP5D5T PRESS1 UNLESS IT IS 9 ! C\NTRY T[NS4 

0,Y\ KN[ & ,I KN[ IT4 ,!RE IS NOT ONE ( Y\ :O D>ES TO WRITE HIS HONE/ OP9IONS1 & IF Y\ DID Y\ KN[ BE=EH& ?AT IT W\LD NEV] APPE> 9 PR9T4 

0,I AM PAID @s#a#e A WEEK = KEEP+ MY HONE/ OP9IONS \T ( ! PAP] ,I AM CONNECT$ )--O!RS ( Y\ >E PAID SIMIL> SAL>IES = SIMIL> ?+S--& ANY ( Y\ :O W\LD BE SO FOOLI% AS TO WRITE HIS HONE/ OP9IONS W\LD BE \T ON ! /REETS LOOK+ = ANO!R JOB4 

0,! BUS9ESS ( ! ,NEW ,YORK J\RNALI/ IS TO DE/ROY ! TRU?1 TO LIE \TRI<T1 TO P]V]T1 TO VILLIFY1 TO FAWN AT ! FEET ( ,MAMMON1 & TO SELL HIS RACE & HIS C\NTRY = HIS DAILY BREAD4 

0,Y\ KN[ ?IS & ,I KN[ IT1 & :AT FOLLY IS ?IS TO BE TOA/+ AN ',9DEP5D5T ,PRESS4' 

0,WE >E ! TOOLS & VASSALS ( RI* M5 BEH9D ! SC5ES4 ,WE >E JUMP+-JACKS2 !Y PULL ! /R+S & WE DANCE4 ,\R TAL5TS1 \R POSSIBILITIES1 & \R LIVES >E ALL ! PROP]TY ( O!R M54 ,WE >E 9TELLECTUAL PRO/ITUTES40 

,! ,DAILY ,COMPASS1 ! NEWSPAP] 9 :I* ,HUB]MAN'S >TICLE WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#e#b1 NO LONG] EXI/S4 ,IT 0DI$0 %ORTLY AFT] ,HUB]MAN'S >TICLE APPE>$ 9 IT4 ,! ,DAILY ,COMPASS HAD HIR$ RADICAL DEMOCRATS1 SOCIALI/S1 LIB]ALS1 & O!R 9DEP5D5T-M9D$ WRIT]S1 MANV ( !M ANTAGONI/IC TO ! SOCIETY ( CORPORATE WEAL?1 & IT HAD ALL[$ ! M5 TO EXPRESS !MSELVES4 ,BUT ! ,DAILY ,COMPASS DID NOT GET SUPPORT FROM ! CORPORATE RI* :OSE PLUND] MANY ( ITS WRIT]S ATTACK$2 IT DID NOT GET ! REQUIR$ ,ADV]TISEM5TS4 ,HUB]MAN WROTE A SAD PR$ICTION ( ! ,DAILY ,COMPASS' COLLAPSE 9 ! SAME >TICLE4 0,\R HI<LY-PRAIS$ FRE$OM ( ! PRESS444 MEANS FRE$OM = V]Y RI* M5 TO [N NEWSPAP]S & GIVE ! PUBLIC A PICTURE ( ! WORLD ?R\< !IR EYES1 ! EYES ( ,BIG ,BUS9ESS4 ,NO LAW MAKES ! PRESS UNFREE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,NONE IS NE$$4 ,WORK+ M5 HAV5'T ! MONEY TO BUY & RUN DAILY NEWSPAP]S4 ,RI* PEOPLE HAVE4 ,!RE=E ! NEWS WE GET IS SLANT$1 DI/ORT$1 SUPPRESS$--AGA9/ ! POOR & = ! RI*40 

,A NEWSPAP] ) A /AFF ?AT RUNS AGA9/ ! GRA9 ( ! CORPORATE >I/OCRACY MU/ SEEK SUPPORT FROM ?AT V]Y >I/OCRACY 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,TO EXPRESS !MSELVES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 M5 :O >E OPPOS$ TO WEAL? & PRIVILEGE MU/ SEEK AID FROM A WEAL?Y MAN :O BETRAYS ! 9T]E/S ( HIS [N CLASS4 ,POOR M5--WORK]S1 /UD5TS1 9TELLECTUALS1 >TI/S--CANNOT POSSIBLY SUPPORT A NEWSPAP] AS WELL EQUIPP$ & /AFF$1 AS WIDELY CIRCULAT$1 AS PROM95TLY DISPLAY$1 AS ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,H]ALD ,TRIBUNE1 ! ,DAILY ,NEWS1 ! ,DAILY ,MIRROR1 ETC4 ,! FACT ?AT !RE HAVE (T5 BE5 RI* M5 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :O SUPPORT$ NEWSPAP]S ?AT ANALYZ$ & EXPOS$ WEAL?1 PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY1 DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRESS IS FREE3 IT M]ELY MEANS ?AT M5 :OSE IDEAS DIFF] FROM ! (FICIAL L9E MU/1 9 ORD] TO EXPRESS !MSELVES1 SEEK ! PATRONAGE ( RI* M5 :O BETRAY ! 9T]E/S ( !IR CLASS4 ,9 ! ,FRANCE ( ,L\IS ,X,V1 ,VOLTAIRE & ,R\SSEAU HAD TO SEEK ! PATRONAGE ( NOBLEM5 9 ORD] TO HAVE ! LEISURE TO WRITE & ! WEAL? TO PUBLI%4 ,BUT ,L\IS ,X,VS ,FRANCE IS NOT KN[N = ITS FREE PRESS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION ( #aggf C\LD H>DLY HAVE TAK5 PLACE IF1 TO ACQUA9T !IR FELL[ C\NTRYM5 ) !IR VIEWS1 ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>IES HAD NE$$ TO SEEK ,K+ ,GEORGE'S P]MISSION TO PUBLI% !IR VIEWS1 ,K+ ,GEORGE'S SUPPORT TO PR9T !M1 & ,K+ ,GEORGE'S 9FLU5CE TO DI/RIBUTE !M4 

,9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 CONCRETE & COMPLETE 9=MATION W\LD BE SO IMPORTANT ?AT ! DISSEM9ATION ( FRAUDS1 LIES & DECEPTIONS W\LD NOT BE P]MITT$4 ,SCI5TI/S RECOGNIZE SU* A PR9CIPLE 9 !IR [N 0FIELD10 & !Y BECOME JU/IFIABLY 9DIGNANT :5 SOMEONE 0FAKES0 AN EXP]IM5T & SABOTAGES YE>S ( /UDY & RESE>* BY SUPPLY+ HIS FELL[ SCI5TI/S ) FALSE & DECEPTIVE DATA4 ,YET \TSIDE !IR 0FIELDS10 ,AM]ICAN SCI5TI/S >E CREATURES ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY3 ! WELLBE+ ( PHYSICS1 OR *EMI/RY1 IS F> MORE IMPORTANT TO !M ?AN ! WELLBE+ ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,! PR9CIPLE :I* SCI5TI/S VALUE SO HI<LY 9 !IR 0FIELDS0 IS FLAUNT$ 9 !IR SOCIETY4 ,SW9TON TOLD ! $ITORS1 0,I AM PAID @s#a#e A WEEK = KEEP+ MY HONE/ OP9IONS \T ( ! PAP] ,I AM CONNECT$ )--O!RS ( Y\ >E PAID SIMIL> SAL>IES = SIMIL> ?+S--& ANY ( Y\ :O W\LD BE SO FOOLI% AS TO WRITE HIS HONE/ OP9IONS W\LD BE \T ON ! /REETS LOOK+ = ANO!R JOB40 ,NOT ONLY DOES ! NEWSPAP]MAN 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY SUPPRESS HIS [N VIEWS4 0,! BUS9ESS ( ! ,NEW ,YORK J\RNALI/ IS TO DE/ROY ! TRU?1 TO LIE \TRI<T1 TO P]V]T1 TO VILLIFY1 TO FAWN AT ! FEET ( ,MAMMON4410.<#a#i#a.> 

,9 ORD] TO 0LIE \TRI<T1 TO P]V]T1 TO VILIFY0 MO/ EFFECTIVELY1 A UNIQUE 9/ITUTION HAS BE5 9V5T$ & HI<LY REF9$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES3 ! 9/ITUTION ( ,ADV]TIS+1 SUPPLEM5T$ BY ! SO-CALL$ 0,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS ,FIELD40 ,9 ADV]TIS+1 SELF EXPRESSION PLAYS NO ROLE :ATEV]1 CONCRETE 9=MATION IS )HELD1 COMPLETE 9=MATION IS SUPPRESS$4 ,ADV]TIS+ IS A VA/ SY/EM ( ORGANIZ$ LY+1 P]V]SION1 VILLIFICATION1 :OSE SOLE PURPOSE IS TO SELL ! PRODUCTS ( CORPORATIONS BY ANY MEANS :ATEV]4 ,CORPORATIONS HIRE ! ADV]TIZ]S TO CREATE 9 PEOPLE ! DESIRE TO BUY ! PRODUCTS ! CORPORATIONS MAKE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! CORPORATIONS !MSELVES CREATE ! 0NE$S0 !Y FILL4 ,?IS TYPE ( PLUND] IS UNIQUE 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,! ADV]TIS+ MAN LIES1 DECEIVES & DEFRAUDS 9 ORD] TO SELL ! PRODUCTS ( HIS EMPLOY] TO A PUBLIC ?AT DOES NOT NE$ !M4 ,! AD MAN & ! PUBLIC RELATIONS MAN DO ?IS = MONEY2 !Y >E HIR$ TO DECEIVE M5 = ! F9ANCIAL GA9 ( !IR EMPLOY]S4 ,! AD MAN SELLS HIS IMAG9ATION TO ! TASK ( 9V5T+ SLOGANS & HIS 9TELLECT TO ! TASK ( DEFRAUD+ M54 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! EXP5DITURE = ADV]TIS+ GREATLY EXCE$S ! EXP5DITURE = $UCATION1 = CULTURAL & >TI/IC 5NOBLEM5T1 = 9TELLECTUAL GR[?4 ,ACCORD+ TO AN OBS]V]1 0BY #aiea ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E SP5D+ @s#f1#e#d#h MILLION A YE> ON ADS1 A BILLION & A HALF MORE ?AN ON $UCATION4 ,BY #aief ! ADV]TIS+ EXP5DITURE REA*$ AB\T T5 BILLION1 & IT N[ SEEMS TO HE GR[+ AT ! RATE ( >\ND A BILLION A YE>40.<#a#i#b.> ,! OBVI\S RESULT IS ?AT 0! GOOD PEOPLE ( !SE COLONIES0.<#a#i#c.> >E ?OR\<LY IGNORANT ( ! WORK+S ( ! CORPORATE WORLD 9 :I* !Y LIVE1 BUT VA/LY 9=M$ ON ! 0BR& NAMES0 ( ! CORPORATE PRODUCTS & GADGETS4 ,SOME VIVID ILLU/RATIONS >E CIT$ BY ,H>VEY ,O',CONNOR 9 ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL4 ,! BOOK'S FRONTISPIECE QUOTES ! ,NEW ,YORK ,H]ALD ,TRIBUNE'S DESCRIPTION ( ,AM]ICAN ECONOMIC IGNORANCE1 ) SPECIFIC REF]5CE TO OIL IGNORANCE4 0,!RE IS NO C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD :I* HAS ! BODY ( TE*NICAL DOCTR9E REG>D+ PETROLEUM 9 ALL ITS ASPECTS :I* IS POSSESS$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,!RE IS NO C\NTRY :I* IS SO ?OR\<LY GE>$ TO ! P[] SUPPLI$ BY PETROLEUM4 ,YET1 ?ANKS TO ! MIXTURE ( UNSUPPORT$ >GUM5T1 (FICIAL RETIC5CE & %E] HYPOCRISY :I* BEFOG ! SUBJECT1 !RE CAN BE FEW PEOPLES SO POORLY 9=M$ ( ! GLOBAL IMPLICADONS ( OIL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION AS ! ,AM]ICANS4''.<#a#i#d.> ,?IS WORLD-R5[N$ ,AM]ICAN IGNORANCE DOES NOT DEPICT A L[ LEVEL ( 9TELLIG5CE2 IT ILLU/RATES :O [NS & RUNS ! 9/RUM5TS ( COMMUNICATION1 $UCATION1 MANIPULATION4 ,BIG CORPORATIONS1 LIKE ! OIL COMPANIES1 CAN BUY ! IDEAS & OP9IONS ( MILLIONS ( M54 ,AS ,O',CONNOR PO9TS \T1 0,RADIO & ,T,V >E ADMIRABLY ATTUN$ TO ! NE$S ( SU* CORPORATIONS4 ,= ONE ?+1 !RE IS NO BACK TALK FROM ! LI/5]S1 &1 AT ! MOM5T ( ! BROADCA/1 NO COMPETITION = ! LI/5]'S E> OR EYE4 ,AS ONLY ?OSE ) MILLIONS CAN SPONSOR SU* PROGRAMS1 !RE IS LITTLE LIKELIHOOD ( RADIO & ,T,V LI/5]S ABSORB+ 9CORRECT IDEAS4 ,9 ! ,AM]ICAN WAY1 ! CORPORATIONS FOOT ! BILL = ! NATION'S 5T]TA9M5T & 9=MATION & CAN PROP]LY CALL ! PIP]'S TUNE4 ,H]E !RE IS LITTLE NE$ TO B[ BE=E ! %IBBOLE?S ( OBJECTIVITY = IT IS FRANKLY A COMM]CIAL PROPOSITION1 EV5 IF DRAP$ 9 T]MS ( PUBLIC S]VICE40.<#a#i#e.> ,! \TCOME IS ?AT1 :ILE 0!RE CAN BE FEW PEOPLES SO POORLY 9=M$ ( ! GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS ( OIL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION AS ! ,AM]ICANS10 !RE CAN BE FEW PEOPLES SO WELL 9=M$ 9 ! DECEPTIONS 9CULCAT$ 9TO !M BY ! CORPORATIONS' ADV]TIZ]S4 ,A SMALL BUT SIGNIFICANT ILLU/RATION ) REF]5CE TO OIL %[S ?AT ?\< ,AM]ICANS MAY NOT BELIEVE !IR ADV]TIZ]S1 !Y NEV]!LESS FOLL[ LIKE DOCILE %EEP ! PA?S LAID \T = !M4 ,ACCORD+ TO A ,READ]S ,DIGE/ >TICLE CIT$ BY ,O',CONNOR1 ,AM]ICANS SP5D @s#b MILLION A YE> ON 0PREMIUM0 & 0,E?YL0 GASOL9ES :I* >E ADV]TIS$ AS 0! BE/0 ON ! UGLY BILLBO>DS ?AT L9E ! NATION'S HI<WAYS & DESPOIL :AT IS SURELY ONE ( ! WORLD'S MO/ V>I$ & BEAUTIFUL NATURAL L&SCAPES4 ,EA* CITIZ5 DUTIFULLY 9T]NALIZES ! MESSAGE ON ! BILLBO>DS2 EA* CAN TELL HIS NEI<BOR MANY TE*NICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL REASONS :Y 0,E?YL0 IS 0BE/40 ,& YET1 0,PRESID5T ,REESE ,H4 ,TAYLOR ( ,UNION ,OIL SUMM>IZ$ ! SITUATION = HIS COHORTS3 WE >E /E]+ CLE> ( ! RA% ( GASOL9E ADDITIVES DESCRIB$ EV]Y:]E 9 NEWSPAP]S & ON BILLBO>DS4 ,\R RESE>* BOYS GAVE ALL ( !SE SO-CALL$ WOND] *EMICALS A ?OR\< GO+- OV]4 ,!Y F9D ?AT ! WE> & TE> ON MOTORS1 ! DET]IORATION ( VALVES1 & SO ON1 RESULT+ FROM ! USE ( SU* ADDITIVE-=TIFI$ GASOL9ES MORE ?AN DISC\NT$ ! B5EFITS1 IF ANY4 ,WE F\ND !RE WAS NO SUB/ITUTE = GOOD GASOL9E40 ,C> [N]S OBEY ! BILLBO>DS & PAY A GREAT DEAL EXTRA = ! GAS 9 ! TANK ) ! 0TETRAE?YL LEAD40,& YET1 0444,ACCORD+ TO ! CONT9U+ SURVEY ( ! ,DU,PONT COMPANY1 MA9 SUPPLI] ( TETRAE?YL LEAD 444 A ?IRD ( ! REGUL> GASOL9E SAMPL$ HAD AS MU* OR MORE LEAD ?AN ! PREMIUM1 & TWO SAMPLES ( PREMIUM HAD NO LEAD :ATSOEV]60.<#a#i#f.> 

,?IS ABYSMAL IGNORANCE ( HUMAN POT5TIALITIES & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 W$D$ TO A FICTITI\S KN[L$GE ( ?+S1 IS CLE>LY A REVIVAL ( SUP]/ITION ON A GR& SCALE--A SUP]/ITION F> DEADLI] ?AN FEUDAL RELIGI\S SUP]/ITION PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ITS NON-RELIGI\S CONT5T & ITS 9HUMAN PURPOSE4 ,! AD M5 CREATE ! 0IMAGE0 ?R\< :I* ,AM]ICANS SEE ! WORLD4 ,! CONT5T ( ! 0IMAGE0 9CULCATES FE>1 HATR$1 5VY1 & A NEV]-5D+ DESIRE TO BUY ! PRODUCTS P$DL$ BY ! CORPORATIONS4 

,! RESULT IS AN IGNORANT1 SUP]/ITI\S1 MANIPULAT$ POPULATION ( DOCILE M5 & WOM5 :O SP5D !IR WORK+ H\RS MAK+ GADGETS !Y HAVE NOT *OS5 TO MAKE & DO NOT CONTROL1 & SP5D !IR LEISURE H\RS BUY+ ! GADGETS & RETURN+ TO !IR CORPORATE MA/]S ! 9COMES !Y GOT = MAK+ ! GADGETS4 ,?IS CYCLE ( PURPOSELESSNESS & HUMAN IRRELEVANCE HAS ITS TOLL1 = APP>5DY ! CREATIVE 9TELLECT1 ! HUMAN IMAG9ATION1 ! S5SE = TRU?1 CANNOT BE COMPLETELY OBLIT]AT$4 ,! POPULATION ( M5 :OSE HUMANITY IS SUPPRESS$ IS A POPULATION ( ANXIETY-RIDD5 M5 CON/ANTLY SEEK+ \TLETS = REPRESS$ PASSION1 REPRESS$ IMAG9ATION1 REPRESS$ HATR$4 ,! ADV]TIZ]S >E AW>E ( ?IS OBJECDESS ANXIETY ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE--& ! ADV]TIZ]S HAVE LE>N$ TO MANIPULATE ! V]Y FE> & ANXIETY !Y HAVE !MSELVES SO L>GELY CREAT$ = ! PURPOSE ( S]V+ !IR CORPORATE EMPLOY]S YET MORE EFFECTIVELY4 ,A TYPICAL REPORT ( AN ADV]TIZ]S' 0,C\NCIL0 \TL9ES A CAMPAIGN 9 :I* ! DISEASE CREAT$ & MA9TA9$ BY CORPORATE ADV]TIS+ WILL BE MANIPULAT$ BY CORPORATE ADV]TIS+4 ,! ,REPORT READS3 

0,! RATIONALE = ! CAMPAIGN WAS ALONG ! FOLL[+ L9ES4 ,MORE PEOPLE ?AN EV] SEEM TO BE SUFF]+ FROM AN \TRAG$ S5SE ( JU/ICE1 A FEEL+ ( 9ADEQUACY1 A DELUSION ?AT ! WORLD IS D[N ON !M & ?AT !Y >E TRAPP$ BY !IR JOBS1 !IR M>RIAGE PROBLEMS1 !IR F9ANCIAL SITUATION1 ETC4 ,!SE EMOTIONAL CONFLICTS & FRU/RATIONS >E LEAD+ TO BO? A CONSCI\S & AN UNCONSCI\S SE>* = PEACE ( M9D4 

0,SOME ( ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( ?IS >E EVID5T 9 9CREAS$ *UR* ATT5DANCE1 9 AN UNPREC$5T$ DEM& ON PR(ESSIONAL PSY*IATRI/S1 PSY*OANALY/S1 CL]GYM51 M>RIAGE C\NSELORS & EV5 9 ! SALE ( TRANQUILIZ] DRUGS4 

0444PEOPLE :O GO TO PSY*IATRI/S = HELP1 9 MO/ CASES >E NOT SEEK+ ANY *ANGE 9 !MSELVES1 BUT RA!R >E LOOK+ = COM=T1 REASSURANCE & ADVICE4 

0,?AT IS ONE SIDE ( ! CLIMATE 9 :I* .<! PRODUCT.> MU/ BE SOLD4 

0,! O!R SIDE1 ( C\RSE1 IS ?AT A MASS AUDI5CE IS MORE APT TO BE MOV$ BY *E]FUL PROMISES ?AN BY PO9T+ A F+]1 NO MATT] H[ TRU?FULLY1 AT ITS PROBLEMS1 CONFLICTS & SORE SPOTS4 

0,! HUMAN ANIMAL IS BASICALLY HAPPY4 ,PEOPLE ACQUIRE T5SIONS4 ,!Y LE>N FE>S--IT ISN'T P>T ( !IR BASIC MAKEUP4 ,! PROPHETS ( DOOM COMPLA9 ?AT NO ONE WILL LI/5 TO !M4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE NO ONE WANTS TO LI/5 TO !M4 

0,N[1 !SE TWO CONFLICT+ PO9TS ( VIEW 9 ! AV]AGE ,AM]ICAN'S MAKEUP CAN BE RECONCIL$4 ,! CATALY/ IS HUMOR-- HUMOR COMB9$ ) A COMPLETELY NEW PROMISE AB\T ! B5EFITS ( .<! PRODUCT.> 9 ! IDIOM ( TODAY4 

0,PURSU+ ?IS TOTAL CONCEPT L$ NATURALLY 9TO AN EXAM9ATION ( ! V>I\S CONDITIONS ( T5S5ESS TO :I* ALL >E SUBJECT FROM TIME TO TIME444 

0,! LI/ ( SU* FRU/RATIONS 9 ! V]NACUL> ( EV]YDAY ,AM]ICAN LIV+ IS PRACTICALLY 9EXHAU/IBLE44440.<#a#i#g.> 

,! REPORT ALSO SAYS ?AT 0NO?+ %ORT ( BOLDNESS C\LD HOPE TO P5ETRATE ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC40.<#a#i#h.> ,& ALL ?IS IS = ! SALE ( ! ALMI<TY ,PRODUCT4 ,TO SELL ! PRODUCTS FROM :I* ! CORPORATE RI* REAP !IR =TUNES1 ALL ! MEANS ?AT MONEY CAN BUY >E US$3 PSY*OLOGI/S1 SOCIOLOGI/S1 $UCATORS1 !OLOGIANS1 WRIT]S1 PHILOSOPH]S4 ,! APPEAL IS MADE1 NOT TO UND]/&+1 BUT TO EMOTIONS & FE>S2 ! ADV]TIZ]'S AIM IS NOT TO RESOLVE1 BUT TO EXPLOIT = !IR MAXIMUM PR(IT1 ! PROBLEMS & T5SIONS ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,MILL5NIA ( HUMAN ?\<T1 /UDY1 CLASSIFICATION1 ANALYSIS & DISCOV]Y >E H]E PUT TO ! S]VICE ( MULTIPLY+ ! WEAL? ( ! RI*4 ,! DRA/IC EFFECT ( ADV]TIS+ ON 9TELLECTUAL & >TI/IC ACTIVITY HAS BE5 PO9T$ \T BY ,LEO ,M>X3 0444P]HAPS ! MO/ SUBTLE & ELUSIVE PRODUCT ( ADV]TIS+ IS ! ATTITUDE IT 5G5D]S T[>D ALL ACTIVITY ( M9D4 

0,9 REC5T YE>S ,AM]ICANS HAVE SPECULAT$ 5DLESSLY AB\T ! ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM ( \R PEOPLE1 & AB\T ! APA?Y1 CONFUSION & ALI5ATION ( Y\?4 ,YET IT IS A CURI\S FACT ?AT 9 SU* DISCUSSIONS ! 9FLU5CE ( ADV]TIS+1 ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL VALUE- CREAT+ 9/RUM5TS 9 WORLD HI/ORY1 SELDOM IS M5TION$4 ,ALMO/ FROM 9FANCY \R *ILDR5 >E EXPOS$ TO ! TEA*+S ( ! AD MAN4 ,HE 9/RUCTS !M 9 ! ESS5TIAL MEAN+LESSNESS ( ALL CREATIONS ( M9D3 WORDS1 IMAGES1 & IDEAS4 ,! LESSON IS ?AT !Y HAVE NO 9TR9SIC IMPORTANCE1 ?AT !Y >E M]ELY 9/RUM5TS ( MANIPULATION4 ,IT IS (T5 SAID ?AT1 AFT] ALL1 ADV]TIS+ DOES NO H>M BECAUSE NO ONE REALLY BELIEVES IT4 ,BUT ( C\RSE ?AT IS PRECISELY ! PO9T4 ,9 TREAT+ MAN AS CONSUM] WE SUCCE$ 9 DEBAS+ :AT IS MO/ DI/9CTIVELY HUMAN40.<#a#i#i.> ,:5 ! IMAG9ATION BECOMES A MEANS = SELL+ GOODS1 :5 IDEAS BECOME CLI*ES AB\T M]*&ISE1 :5 >T BECOMES ILLU/RATION ( 0ITEMS0 & BR& NAMES1 !N ! HUMAN M9D IS ?OR\<LY DEGRAD$1 & BECOMES SUP]FLU\S4 

,9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ! PUBLIC IS CONV]T$ 9TO A MASS4 ,! 0PEOPLE10 :O W]E TO CONTROL ! PRESS1 HAVE BECOME ITS VICTIMS4 ,! PRESS IS NOT M]ELY UNFREE2 IT HAS CEAS$ TO BE A MEANS ( COMMUNICATION1 IT IS A MEANS ( MASS MANIPULATION4 ,! DEGRAD$ ,AM]ICAN 0PUBLIC0 IS NOT A DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC4 ,A MASS ( UN9=M$ M5 BOMB>D$ ) A FRAGM5T$ WORLD VIEW1 ) ONLY ONE ORGANIZ$ !ME CANNOT EX]T CONTROL OV] HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,A POPULATION ( MIS-$UCAT$ M5 /ORM$ ) AN 9F9ITE >RAY ( UN9T]PRET$1 IRRELEVANT1 SADI/IC DETAIL DESIGN$ TO >\SE DESIRE & HATR$1 CANNOT POSSIBLY HOLD 9TELLIG5T OP9IONS ON IMPORTANT PUBLIC ISSUES4 ,SU* A POPULATION DOES NOT RULE1 IT DOES NOT CON/ITUTE A 0PUBLIC02 IT CON/ITUTES A MASS--A CONTROLL$1 SY/EMATICALLY MANIPULAT$ MASS4 

,AS ADV]TIS+ SPREADS1 ! AD-MAN M5TALITY P5ETRATES ALL FACETS ( CORPORATE LIFE4 ,! TW5TIE? C5TURY ,AM]ICAN IS NOT CONC]N$ ) DEVELOP+ HIMSELF AS A HUMAN BE+1 BUT RA!R ) 0SELL+0 HIMSELF4 ,! TIME :I* O!R M5 SP5D 5L>G+ !IR 9TELLECTUAL1 >TI/IC & IMAG9ATIVE FACULTIES IS SP5T BY ,AM]ICANS 9 ! ACQUISITION ( TE*NIQUES ( 0SELF-SELL+40 ,! CONT5T & QUALITY ( A HUMAN BE+ CEASE TO MATT]2 ALL ?AT C\NTS IS ! LABEL1 ! CLO!S1 ! FAKE SMILE4 

,! MO/ GL>+1 AS WELL AS ! MO/ DRA/IC1 PLACE :]E ! AD-MAN M9D HAS P5ETRAT$ IS ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,>M$ ) WEAPONS ?AT C\LD 9/ANTANE\SLY 9C9]ATE ALL LIV+ HUMANITY AS WELL AS ALL MAN'S PA/ A*IEVEM5TS1 ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY PREOCCUPI$ ) MA9TA9+ AN 0IMAGE0 ( COMPET5CE & RESPONSIBILITY :ILE PURSU+ AN 9COMPET5T1 IRRESPONSIBLE1 & LUNATIC POLICY4 

,! (FICIAL 0IMAGE0 DEPICTS AN ,AM]ICA :I* IS NEI!R CAPITALI/1 NOR CORPORATE1 NOR HI]>*IC1 & IT IS C\*$ 9 T]MS ?AT >E FAMILI> TO ! 0AV]AGE MAN40 ,! RESULT IS ILLU/RAT$ BY A ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES >TICLE DESCRIB+ A DIGE/ 0JO9TLY SPONSOR$ BY ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY & ! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL03 

0,?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY IS UNIQUELY DYNAMIC1 ?AT IT HAS PRODUC$ ! HI<E/ /&>DS ( LIV+1 MORE WIDELY SPREAD1 ?AN ! WORLD HAS EV] SE5 BE=E1 ?AT IT HAS COME CLOSE/ TO A DEMOCRATIC1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY & ?AT ?IS HAS COME AB\T ?R\< A FANTA/IC 9CREASE 9 PRODUCTIVITY MADE POSSIBLE ?R\< GREAT] ME*ANIZATION--ALL ?IS IS WELL KN[N TO ,AM]ICANS1 EV5 ?\< (T5 BUT DIMLY UND]/OOD ABROAD4 ',PEOPLE'S CAPITALISM' IS 9CREAS+LY US$ AS A NAME = \R ECONOMIC SY/EM40.<#b.> 

7,9 FACT1 ! NAME 0,PEOPLE'S ,CAPITALISM0 IS NOT 09CREAS+LY US$0 BECAUSE ! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL GREATLY OV]E/IMAT$ ITS GLAM\R4 ,US+ AS A MODEL ! T]M 0,PEOPLE'S ,COMMUNISM10 ! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL NEGLECT$ TO F9D \T H[ MU* ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION SUPPORTS 0,PEOPLE'S ,COMMUNISM0 NOT BECAUSE ( ! GLAM\R\S S\ND ( DIE WORDS1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! QUALITY ( ! DISP5SATION1 ! DEGREE ( IMPROVEM5T 9 ! HUMAN CONDITION47 ,S9CE CAPITALI/S WANT NEI!R TO *ANGE !IR DISP5SATION NOR TO LEGISLATE !MSELVES \T ( EXI/5CE1 & S9CE ADV]TIS+ EXP]TS >E HIR$ TO JUGGLE WORDS & NOT TO IMPROVE ! REALITY UND]NEA?1 !Y MU/ CONT9UE TO CONF9E !MSELVES TO MANIPULAT+ ! ,IMAGE4 ,& ! MANIPULATION GOES TO FANTA/IC L5G?S4 ,DUR+ ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION1 ! CONCEPT ( 0CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION0 WAS 9TRODUC$ 9TO ,AM]ICAN ?\<T BY LEFT-W+ CRITICS4 

,:5 ! CRITICS BECAME RESPECTABLE MEMB]S ( ! ,NEW ,DEAL ADM9I/RATION1 ! T]M 0EXPLOITATION0 WAS DROPP$ FROM ! ,AM]ICAN VOCABUL>Y1 & ! ,SY/EM WAS KN[N BY ! HALF-RESPECTABLE TITLE ( 0CAPITALISM40 ,:5 ! ,NAZI ,W> BROKE \T & ! ,SY/EM HAD TO BE DEF5D$1 0CAPITALISM0 WAS REPLAC$ BY ! ULTRA-RESPECTABLE TIDE ( 0FREE 5T]PRISE40 ,DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD1 ! HI<E/ CORPORATE CAPITALI/S HAD BE5 /EADILY CONSOLIDAT+ GREAT] P[] & CONTROL OV] ! GOV]NM5T4 ,:51 AFT] ! W>1 CORPORATION-M5 REPLAC$ PURG$ LEFT-W+]S1 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 BECAME SIMPLY 0FRE$OM10 & DUR+ ! REIGN ( ,JOHN ,FO/] ,DULLES1 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES AS WELL AS ! FEUDAL MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS BECAME 0,! ,FREE ,WORLD40 ,?IS PROCESS IS KN[N AS 0FACE-LIFT+40 ,HITL]'S ,PROPAG&A ,M9I/] C\LD H>DLY HAVE DONE BETT]4 ,BY #aif !RE WAS NO MORE CAPITALISM4 ,ONLY ,FRE$OM4 ,CAPITALI/S W]E SO IMPRESS$ BY ?IS MANIPULATION ( WORDS !Y ?\<T ?AT BY GIV+ CAPITALISM ! NAME 0FRE$OM0 !Y HAD !REBY MADE IT ATTRACTIVE TO ALL ! WORLD'S POPULATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 

0,FIFTY LEAD+ ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BUS9ESS M5 PRES5T$ 444 A 'DECL>ATION ( ECONOMIC FRE$OMS' TO (FSET ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A AT ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS444 

0,! FRE$OMS LI/$ 9 ! DECL>ATION W]E FRE$OM ( COMPETITIVE PRIVATE 5T]PRISE2 *OICE ( OCCUPATION2 VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATION = PRIVATE 5T]PRISE2 CONTRACT2 PROP]TY [N]%IP2 FRE$OM TO PRODUCE1 BUY OR SELL2 COMPETITION2 TRADE2 MONEY1 ?AT IS1 A S\ND CURR5CY40.<#b#a.> 

,AT ! TIME ( WRIT+ ?IS BOOK1 ,CUBA WAS 9VAD$4 ,! AD-MAN DECEPTIONS BY :I* ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E 09=M$0 ( ?IS 9VASION BORE A LURID SIMIL>ITY TO ! ,NAZI ,G]MAN ACC\NTS ( !IR 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,EUROPE4 ,= YE>S ! ,AM]ICAN 0FREE PRESS0 HAD SUPPLI$ ITS READ]S ) B>ELY A M5TION ( ! ATROCITIES1 ! BRUTALITY1 ! MIS]Y 9 ,CUBA UND] ! DICTATOR ,FULG5CIO ,BATI/A & HIS ADM9I/RATION ( SUG> PLANT]S1 HIR$ KILL]S1 & GAMBL]S4 ,AM]ICANS KNEW NO?+ AB\T ! OPPRESSION 5TAIL$ 9 ! FACT ?AT ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS [N$ & OP]AT$ ,CUBAN SUG>1 L&1 ELECTRICITY1 TELEPHONES1 & 9DIRECTLY1 >M$ =CES4 ,:5 REVOLUTION SWEPT ACROSS ,CUBA & GA9$ 9CREAS+ SUPPORT UNTIL MO/ ( ,CUBA'S SIX MILLION PEOPLE W]E BEH9D IT1 ?US 5ABL+ IT TO RID ,CUBA ( ! PLANT]S' REGIME & ! P[]FUL >MY BY :I* ,BATI/A HAD RUL$1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E GIV5 AN 0IMAGE0 ( A C\P D'ETAT 9 :I* A FEW HUNDR$ M5 HAD 0OV]?R[N0 A FEW HUNDR$ O!R M54 ,:5 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION>Y' GOV]NM5T MADE $UCATION & CULTURE AVAILABLE TO M5 :O HAD NEV] SE5 A BOOK & GAVE L& & WORK & FOOD TO M5 :O HAD NEV] BE=E BE5 ABLE TO ?9K OR WORK BECAUSE !Y SUFF]$ FROM *RONIC HUNG] DISEASES1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD BY !IR 0FREE PRESS0 ?AT ,CUBA WAS 0GO+ ,COMMUNI/10 & !Y W]E %[N PICTURES ( SAD1 WEAL?Y L&[N]S :OSE 9NUM]ABLE ACRES ( L& HAD BE5 GIV5 TO ?\S&S ( L&LESS PEASANTS4 ,& :5 ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T EXPROPRIAT$ ! ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS :OSE HUGE PR(ITS HAD COME FROM ! RAW MAT]IALS & ! *EAP LABOR ( A FEW MILLION />V+ ,CUBANS1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD ! FAMILI> ATROCITY /ORIES AB\T PRIE/S & NUNS :I* CON/ITUTE ! ,AM]ICAN 0READ+ PUBLIC'S0 KN[L$GE ( ! NON-CAPITALI/ P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD VIRTUALLY NO?+ ( ! RE=MS 9/ITUT$ BY ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION1 ( ! H\S+1 ! $UCATION1 ! CULTURE1 ! FOOD :I* BECAME AVAILABLE TO ,CUBANS--TO SOME = ! FIR/ TIME 9 !IR LIVES4 ,!Y W]E TOLD NO?+ ( ! 5?USIASM ( ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE1 ( !IR REVOLUTION'S IDEALS1 ( !IR PLANS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PRESS1 :I* DAILY CONSUMES 5TIRE =E/S1 DIRECT$ ITSELF TO ! CON/ANT REPETITION ( *>GES ?AT ! ,CUBAN ,GOV]NM5T WAS ,COMMUNI/1 ?AT IT WAS 0EXTRACONT95TAL10 ?AT IT DE/ROY$ ,9T]-,AM]ICAN ,UNITY1 ?AT IT UND]M9$ ! ,MONROE ,DOCTR9E1 &--:5 ! 0IMAGE0 WAS 0SOLD0--?AT IT %\LD BE OV]?R[N4 ,:5 ,CUBA'S ,=EIGN ,M9I/] *>G$1 AT ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T'S ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY WAS PLANN+ AN 9VASION ( ,CUBA1 ! PRESS 0EXPLA9$0 ! *>GE TO ITS READ]S AS 0\TRAGE\S10 & AS NO?+ MORE ?AN A P>T ( 0,CUBA'S HATE-,AM]ICA CAMPAIGN40 ,YET 9 MID-,APRIL #a#i#f#a1 ,CUBA WAS 9VAD$4 ,N[ ! ,AM]ICAN NEWSPAP] READ]S W]E TOLD ?AT 0,CUBANS0 W]E LIB]AT+ ,CUBA FROM 0,COMMUNI/ ,T]ROR40 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD ?AT1 ?\< ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T HAD 0SYMPA?Y0 = ! 9VAD]S1 IT WAS NOT GIV+ !M ANY AID2 & !Y W]E ALSO TOLD ?AT NEI!R ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES NOR ANY ( ITS ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ALLIES W]E ALL[+ !IR T]RITORY TO BE US$ = ! 9VASION3 ! 0,CUBAN0 9VAD]S HAD PRESUMABLY BE5 HOLD+ !IR BREA?S UND] WAT] (F ! ,CUBAN %ORE :ILE WAIT+ = !IR *ANCE TO 0LIB]ATE0 ,CUBA4 ,& !N ! ,AM]ICAN PRESS1 ON ! AU?ORITY ( ! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL10 REPORT$ 9 FRONT PAGE BANN] HEADL9ES A SEQU5CE ( EV5TS ?AT WAS TO LEAD TO ! 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,CUBA BY ! 0,CUBAN ,FRE$OM ,FI<T]S40 ,! /ORIES RELEAS$ TO ! PRESS BY ! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL0 TOLD ?AT ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE W]E AB\T TO RISE AGA9/ !IR GOV]NM5T1 !Y TOLD ?AT ,CUBAN FLI]S HAD DEFECT$ FROM ! ,CUBAN AIR =CE1 !Y TOLD ( L&+S1 & ( VICTORIES4 ,! DAY VICTORY WAS TO BE PROCLAIM$1 ! 0LIB]ATORS0 W]E 9 ! SEA4 ,! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL0 ANN\NC$1 & ! PRESS DUTIFULLY REPORT$1 ?AT ,FIDEL ,CA/RO HAD FL[N ,RUSSIAN ,MIGS 7FI<T] PLANES7 & DRIV5 ,RUSSIAN TANKS AGA9/ ! HELPLESS 0,FRE$OM ,FI<T]S40 ,! 9VASION FAIL$4 ,& SUDD5LY ! ,AM]ICAN PRESS1 ) A FEW SIGNIFICANT EXCEPTIONS1 BECAME PI\SLY SIL5T AB\T ! 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,CUBA4 ,ONE ( ! EXCEPTIONS WAS ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 :I* CONT9U$ TO RUN >TICLES ON ,CUBA UNTIL ! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T REM9D$ A CONF]5CE ( IMPORTANT NEWSPAP]M5 ?AT ! PUBLICATION ( 9=MATION EMB>RASS+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T WAS NOT ONE ( ! TASKS ( ! ,FREE ,PRESS4 ,! ,TIMES REVEAL$1 ?\< NOT 9 BANN] HEADL9ES1 ?AT 0,AS HAS BE5 AN OP5 SECRET 9 ,FLORIDA & ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA = MON?S1 ! ,C4,I4,A4 PLANN$1 COORD9AT$ & DIRECT$ ! OP]ATIONS ?AT 5D$ 9 ! DEFEAT ON A BEA*HEAD 9 S\!RN ,CUBA4440'.<#b#b.> ,! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL10 IT TURN$ \T1 HAD NOT BE5 9 *>GE ( ! 9VASION4 0,ON ! DAY ! ANTI-,CA/RO =CES L&$ 9 ,CUBA MEMB]S ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL W]E KEPT 9COMMUNICADO BY ! ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY 9 AN OLD H\SE NE> ,MIAMI444 

0,! EFFECT ( NOT TAK+ ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL LEAD]S 9TO CONFID5CE WAS TO KEEP !M FROM HAV+ ANY ROLE 9 DIRECT+ ! L&+S4440.<#b#c.> ,! REPORTS SUPPOS$LY ISSU$ BY ! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL0 AB\T ! L&+S1 ! FI<T+1 ! IMP5D+ VICTORY1 ! DEFECTIONS1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,MIGS1 HAD ALL COME FROM ! (FICE ( ,LEM ,JONES ,ASSOCIATES1 ,9C41 ( ,MADISON ,AV5UE1 ,NEW ,YORK--AN ADV]TIS+ FIRM4.<#b#d.> ,! 9VAD]S1 IT TURN$ \T1 HAD NOT SPRUNG FROM ! SEA1 BUT FROM BASES 9 ,FLORIDA1 9 ,L\ISIANA1 9 ,GUATEMALA1 & 9 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-CONTROLL$ ,SWANN ,ISL&S 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,! LEAD+ 0,FRE$OM ,FI<T]S0 W]E ?OSE :O REGUL>LY C>RY ON ! ,C4,L,A4'S WORLD-WIDE CLOAK-&-DAGG] OP]ATIONS4 0,A ,FILIP9O GU]RILLA SPECIALI/ WAS 9 *>GE ( SOME ( ! TRA9+4 ,HE WAS ASSI/$ BY FIVE OR SIX 9/RUCTORS :O >E BELIEV$ TO BE ,SLAVS1 P]HAPS ,UKRA9IANS1 & :O W]E ASSI/$ BY 9T]PRET]S40.<#b#e.> ,! 0DEFECTOR0 FROM ! ,CUBAN AIR =CE TURN$ \T TO HAVE FL[N AN ,AM]ICAN PLANE ) A ,CUBAN 9SIGNIA PA9T$ ON IT4 0,:5444 ONE ( ! PILOTS :O L&$ 9 ,MIAMI DESCRIB$ HIMSELF AS A DEFECTOR FROM ! ,CUBAN ,AIR ,=CE1 HIS PICTURE1 PUBLI%$ 9 LOCAL NEWSPAP]S1 WAS PROMPTLY ID5TIFI$ H]E .<9 ,MIAMI.> AS ?AT ( A ,LIEUT5ANT FROM ! ,GUATEMALAN CAMP4 ,HE HAS VANI%$40.<#b#f.> ,& ! 0,RUSSIAN ,MIGS10 :I* FILL$ ,AM]ICANS ) FE>1 FR5ZY & HATR$1 TURN$ \T TO BE 0,UNIT$-,/ATES-BUILT ,T-#c#c JETS FL[N BY ! ,CA/RO PILOTS40.<#b#g.> ,BY WAY ( 0EXPLANATION0 ( ! FUROR RAIS$ BY ! FRONT PAGE SC>E-HEADL9ES AB\T ! ,MIGS1 ! WRIT] BRIEFLY COMM5T$3 0,IT IS ?\<T ?AT SOME ( ! 9SURG5TS1 :5 SURPRIS$ BY !SE ,T-#c#c JETS1 BELIEV$ !Y W]E ,SOVIET-BUILT ,MIGS40.<#b#h.> ,! 0FREE PRESS0 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DID NOT TELL ITS READ]S ?AT ! S\RCE ( ITS 0FACTS0 ON ! ,CUBAN 9VASION WAS A ,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS FIRM ON ,MADISON ,AV5UE1 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,BUT ! 0FREE PRESS0 DID TELL ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 REPEAT$LY & EMPHATICALLY1 ?AT ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T HAD 0BETRAY$0 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION4 

0,ALAS6 IS IT TRUE1 ?AT AGES >E NECESS>Y TO UND]/&1 :IL/ A MOM5T WILL SUFFICE TO 9V5T1 AN IMPO/URE80.<#b#i.> 

 "9"9"9 

,! EI<TE5? C5TURY 9TELLECTUAL REBELS W]E ! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS ( ,AM]ICAN RHETORIC1 BUT ! EI<TE5? C5TURY CAPITALI/S W]E ! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS ( ,AM]ICAN PRACTICE4 ,9 ,AM]ICAN PRACTICE1 ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 P>TICIPATION IS RE/RICT$ TO ! M>K+ ( A BALLOT EV]Y TWO OR F\R YE>S4 ,ON ! BALLOT >E ! NAMES ( M5 HE DOES NOT KN[ & HAS NOT *OS54 ,HE 0VOTES0 ON ! BASIS ( NO ISSUES :ATSOEV]1 BECAUSE NO ISSUES >E PRES5T$4 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS SUMM>IZ$ A TYPICAL C]EMONY4 0,9 ! #dgb ,CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS ( #a#i#e#d1 = EXAMPLE1 NO NATIONAL ISSUES W]E CLE>LY PRES5T$1 NOR EV5 LOCAL ISSUES RELAT$ CLE>LY TO !M4 ,SLOGANS & P]SONAL ATTACKS ON *>ACT]1 P]SONALITY DEFECTS1 & C\NT]-*>GES & SUSPICIONS W]E ALL ?AT ! ELECTORATE C\LD SEE OR HE>1 &1 AS USUAL1 MANY PAID NO ATT5TION AT ALL4 ,EA* C&IDATE TRI$ TO DI%ONOR HIS OPPON5T1 :O 9 TURN TRI$ TO DI%ONOR HIM4 ,! \TRAG$ C&IDATES SEEM$ TO MAKE !MSELVES ! ISSUE1 & ON ?AT ISSUE VIRTUALLY ALL ( !M LO/4 ,! ELECTORATE SAW NO ISSUES AT ALL1 & !Y TOO LO/1 AL?\< !Y DID NOT KN[ IT40.<#b#a.> ,! C&IDATE :O SUCCE$S IS ! ONE :O CAN PAY = ! MO/ LAVI% CAMPAIGN & ! CLEV]E/ ADV]TIS+1 :O CAN BE/ MALIGN HIS OPPON5T'S P]SONAL TRAITS1 & :O WILL BE/ FULFILL ! ROLE ( C\RI] = ! VE/$ 9T]E/S ( ! RI*4 0,E/IMATES ( ! CO/ ( ! #aieb PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN RANG$ ALL ! WAY UP TO @s#a MILLION4 ,FRANK ,$W>DS1 ! =M] ,A,F,L RADIO COMM5TATOR1 SAID ?AT ! OIL 9T]E/S CONTRIBUT$ HALF ?AT SUM1 & ALL TO ! ,EIS5H[] =CES4 ,!RE WAS NO WAY TO CONTE/ ! /ATEM5T1 = NO ONE 9 AU?ORITY C>$ TO FLA% A BEAM 9TO ! D>K RECESSES ( CORPORATE F9ANC+ ( POLITICAL P>TIES40.<#b#a#a.> ,! GOV]NM5T 0( ! PEOPLE0 IS QUITE OP5LY A GOV]NM5T ( ! CORRUPT & ( ! RI*1 YET IT CONT9UES TO CALL ITSELF 0DEMOCRATIC40 ,AM]ICA IS A L& :]E A V]Y SMALL GR\P ( M5 P>TICIPATE 9 ! MAK+ ( IMPORTANT DECISIONS1 :]E V]Y FEW M5'S IDEAS C>RY WEI<T & AU?ORITY1 :]E ONLY ! VOICE ( ! ,CELEBRITY IS HE>D BY ,ALL4 0,! PEOPLE0 HAVE NO GREAT] P>TICIPATION 9 ,AM]ICA'S POLITY ?AN 9 ,AM]ICA'S ECONOMY4 0,! TOP ( MODEM ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY IS 9CREAS+LY UNIFI$1 & (T5 SEEMS WILLFULLY COORD9AT$3 AT ! TOP !RE HAS EM]G$ AN ELITE ( P[]4 ,! MIDDLE LEVELS >E A DRIFT+ SET ( /ALEMAT$1 BALANC+ =CES3 ! MIDDLE DOES NOT L9K ! BOTTOM ) ! TOP4 ,! BOTTOM ( ?IS SOCIETY IS POLITICALLY FRAGM5T$1 & EV5 AS A PASSIVE FACT1 9CREAS+LY P[]LESS3 AT ! BOTTOM !RE IS EM]G+ A MASS SOCIETY40.<#b#a#b.> ,! DEMOCRATIC RHETORIC HIDES A CORPORATE /ATE4 ,! GOV]NM5T 0( ! PEOPLE0 IS A GOV]NM5T ( ! RI*4 ,! PEOPLE >E TOLD ?AT BY 0CA/+ BALLOTS0 = ! RI* !Y >E SOMEH[ DEF5D+ 0,FRE$OM40 ,& ! PEOPLE ACQUIESCE1 & !Y ?ANK ! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS1 :OSE WORKS !Y HAVE NOT READ1 = HAV+ LEFT !M SU* A BLESS$ POLITICAL SY/EM4 

O ,*APT] #e 3 ,CORPORATE ,DISP5SATION 

,! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL WAS AN AFFIRMATION ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,DEMOCRACY WAS TO OP5 = ALL M5 ! POSSIBILITY = CREATIVE DEVELOPM5T1 IMAG9ATIVE EXPLORATION1 EXP]IM5TAL ACTIVITY4 ,EV]Y MAN WAS TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! CREATION ( ! HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,KN[L$GE & TE*NIQUE NE$ NOT HAVE BE5 PUT TO ! S]VICE ( PR(ITS & SLAU<T]4 ,IF TAK5 UP 9 A SPIRIT ?AT AFFIRMS HUMAN LIFE1 ! SCI5CES & TE*NOLOGIES C\LD BE MADE TO S]VE HUMAN 5DS4 ,AS ,LEWIS ,MUM=D HAS PO9T$ \T1 0,! ABILITY TO FACE ONE'S :OLE SELF1 & TO DIRECT EV]Y P>T ( IT T[>D A MORE UNIFI$ DEVELOPM5T1 IS ONE ( ! PROMISES HELD =? BY ! ADVANCE BO? ( OBJECTIVE SCI5CE & SUBJECTIVE UND]/&+40.<#b#a#c.> ,IF PUT TO ! S]VICE ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T ! SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY :I* HAVE COME TO ! V]GE ( ANNIHILAT+ MANK9D W\LD 5ABLE M5 TO 0ATTEMPT 5T]PRISES ?AT NO CIVILIZATION SEEK+ MA9LY TO EXPLOIT IMM$IATE ECONOMIC ADVANTAGES W\LD 5T]TA93 LAUN*+ PROJECTS & EXP]IM5TS :OSE \TCOME MAY AWAIT C5TURIES4444 

,! M>G9 ( FREE TIME1 FREE 5]GY1 & FREE VITALITY ?AT MODEM MAN MAY COMM& IS SO GREAT ?AT1 9/EAD ( DEVOT+ MO/ ( HIS DAYS TO M]E BIOLOGICAL SURVIVAL1 HE N[ HAS CAPACITIES = SELF-DEVELOPM5T ?AT W]E ONCE CONF9$ TO A M9USCULE RUL+ CLASS40.<#b#a#d.> ,9 ! DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 !RE W\LD BE SCI5CE BUT NO 0EXP]TS10 TE*NOLOGY BUT NO 0TE*NICIANS02 !RE W\LD BE NO N>R[1 UNDEVELOP$1 9COMPLETE P]SONS :O >E IMBECILS \TSIDE !IR [N SPECIALTY3 0! FRAGM5T>Y MAN W\LD BE REPLAC$ BY ! COMPLETELY DEVELOP$ 9DIVIDUAL1 ONE = :OM DIFF]5T SOCIAL FUNCTIONS >E BUT ALT]NATIVE =MS ( ACTIVITY4 ,M5 W\LD FI%1 HUNT1 OR 5GAGE 9 LIT]>Y CRITICISM )\T BECOM+ PR(ESSIONAL FI%]M51 HUNT]S1 OR CRITICS0 7,K>L ,M>X74 ,! COMPLETELY DEVELOP$ 9DIVIDUAL W\LD NOT ALL[ ! 9/RUM5TS ( HUMAN GR[? TO FALL ONCE AGA9 9TO ! H&S ( ?OSE :O W\LD USE !M = HUMAN OPPRESSION2 SU* AN 9DIVIDUAL W\LD ALSO HAVE ! 9TELLECTUAL P[] TO UND]TAKE 0RU?LESS CRITICISM ( EV]Y?+ ?AT EXI/S1 RU?LESS 9 ! S5SE ?AT ! CRITICISM WILL NOT %R9K EI!R FROM ITS [N CONCLUSIONS OR FROM CONFLICT ) ! P[]S ?AT BE40.<#b#a#e.> ,GIOVANNI ,BATI/A ,VICO LONG AGO PO9T$ \T ?AT MAN CAN UND]/& & AFFECT HUMAN HI/ORY BECAUSE IT WAS MADE BY MAN4 ,ON ! SAME GR\NDS1 MAN CAN GRASP ALL HUMAN KN[L$GE BECAUSE IT IS CREAT$ BY MAN4 ,9 A SOCIETY :I* PROMOTES :OL5ESS & UND]/&+1 EA* 9DIVIDUAL W\LD BE ABLE TO DO :AT ANY O!R CAN DO4 ,?US EA* W\LD BE ABLE TO EXT5D ! FRONTI]S ( HIS [N GREATE/ 9T]E/1 :E!R IT IS PHYSICS1 POETRY1 OR FOOD PREP>ATION1 & AT ! SAME TIME W\LD UND]/&1 & P>TICIPATE 91 ! BREAK-?R\<S ( O!R FRONTI]S4 ,FROM E>LY *ILDHOOD ON1 M5 W\LD P>TICIPATE 9 ! IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES ( ! COMMUNITY1 & ?US W\LD ATTA* TO !M ! NAIVE CURIOSITY & ADV5TUR\S SPIRIT :I* M5 RES]VE = ! ACTIVITIES ( *ILDHOOD4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO 0PROBLEM ( LEISURE10 :I* PLAGUES SOCIETIES ?AT ?W>T IMAG9ATION & CREATIVE 5]GY1 & R$UCE HUMAN ACTIVITY TO REPETITION & DRUDG]Y4 ,SIMONE ,WEIL HAS OBS]V$.<#b#a#f.> ?AT F>M]S :O HAVE P>TICIPAT$ FULLY 9 ! LIFE ( ! F>M FROM *ILDHOOD ON CONSID] !IR WORK1 & NOT ! ESCAPE FROM WORK1 ! MEAN+FUL FACET ( !IR LIVES4 ,TO =CE A MAN TO C>RY ON = ?IRTY YE>S AN ACTIVITY HE HAS MA/]$ 9 TWO W\LD BE CONSID]$ A CRIME 9 A HUMAN DISP5SATION3 A CRIME AS UGLY AS MURD]1 = IT KILLS ! POT5TIALITIES & ?W>TS ! GR[? ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,BUT ! CORPORATE DISP5SATION IS A NEGATION ( HUMAN LIFE3 IT ?W>TS DEVELOPM5T1 PREV5TS :OL5ESS1 & NURTURES FRAGM5T$ 0EXP]TS0 & 0PR(ESSIONALS40 ,?OSE :O REJECT FRAGM5TATION >E ! \TCA/S ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,YET ! >MIES ( 9COMPLETE M5 NE$$ TO SUPPORT ! CORPORATE /RUCTURE >E AT ! SAME TIME ITS GREATE/ DANG]3 NURTUR$ ON IGNORANCE1 !Y >E PREY TO A NIHILI/ REJECTION ( HUMAN LIFE & A ?IR/ = ANNIHILATION :I*1 IF ALL[$ TO ]UPT1 WILL NOT EXEMPT EV5 ! CORPORATE MA/]S4 

,! RI* >E ! ONLY B5EFICI>IES ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,!Y >E ! ,HOLD]S ( ALL ! PROJECTS1 ALL ! ACTIVITY1 ALL ! REW>DS4 ,! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS !IR MA*9E2 IT YIELDS !IR PR(ITS4 ,CONTR>Y TO !IR [N CLAIMS1 :AT ! RI* POSSESS IS NOT 9T]NAL2 IT IS NOT RELAT$ TO PHYSIQUE1 OR PSY*E1 OR 9TELLECT4 ,! RI* DO NOT [E !IR WEAL? & PRE/IGE TO !MSELVES1 BUT TO !IR SOCIETY & ITS 9/ITUTIONS4 ,9 ! EXCELL5T DEF9ITION ( ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS1 0! ELITE >E SIMPLY ?OSE :O HAVE ! MO/ ( :AT !RE IS TO HAVE1 :I* IS G5]ALLY HELD TO 9CLUDE MONEY1 P[]1 & PRE/IGE--AS WELL AS ALL ! WAYS ( LIFE TO :I* !SE LEAD4 ,BUT ! ELITE >E NOT SIMPLY ?OSE :O HAVE ! MO/1 = !Y C\LD NOT 'HAVE ! MO/' W]E IT NOT = !IR POSITIONS 9 ! GREAT 9/ITUTIONS4 ,= SU* 9/ITUTIONS >E ! NECESS>Y BASES ( P[]1 ( WEAL?1 & ( PRE/IGE1 & AT ! SAME TIME1 ! *IEF MEANS ( EX]CIS+ P[]1 ( ACQUIR+ & RETA9+ WEAL?1 & ( CA%+ 9 ! HI<] CLAIMS = PRE/IGE4 

0,BY ! P[]FUL WE MEAN1 ( C\RSE1 ?OSE :O >E ABLE TO REALIZE !IR WILL1 EV5 IF O!RS RESI/ IT4 ,NO ONE1 ACCORD+LY1 CAN BE TRULY P[]FUL UNLESS HE HAS ACCESS TO ! COMM& ( MAJOR 9/ITUTIONS1 = IT IS OV] !SE 9/ITUTIONAL MEANS ( P[] ?AT ! TRULY P[]FUL >E1 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 P[]FUL4 ,HI<] POLITICIANS & KEY (FICIALS ( GOV]NM5T COMM& SU* 9/ITUTIONAL P[]1 SO DO ADMIRALS & G5]ALS1 & SO DO ! MAJOR [N]S & EXECUTIVES ( ! L>G] CORPORATIONS40.<#b#a#g.> ,IF ! 9/ITUTIONS ROTT$1 OR W]E ABOLI%$1 ! 0ELITE0 W\LD NOT BE ELITE2 IF !Y W]E EAS$ TO ! BOTTOM ( !IR [N M>KET ECONOMY1 ! 0ELITE0 W\LD PROBABLY BE QUITE PA!TIC1 S9CE !Y W\LD LACK ! TRA9+ ( O!R M5 TO SURVIVE 9 SU* CONDITIONS4 ,BUT SU* AN EV5TUALITY IS 9CONCEIVABLE TO !M1 & S9CE !Y /AY BY & L>GE ONLY AMONG !MSELVES1 !Y >E NOT FULLY AW>E ?AT !RE IS A BOTTOM1 !Y DO NOT SUSPECT ?AT HUMAN BE+S LIVE !RE1 & !Y >E NOT GREATLY CONC]N$4 ,!IR WORLD IS A CLOS$ WORLD2 IT IS NOT A W9D[LESS WORLD1 BUT ITS W9D[S LOOK \T ONLY ON LAWNS & BEA*ES1 NOT ON SLUMS4 0,!Y =M A MORE OR LESS COMPACT SOCIAL & PSY*OLOGICAL 5TITY2 !Y HAVE BECOME SELF-CONSCI\S MEMB]S ( A SOCIAL CLASS4 ,PEOPLE >E EI!R ACCEPT$ 9TO ?IS CLASS OR !Y >E NOT1 & !RE IS A QUALITATIVE SPLIT1 RA!R ?AN M]ELY A NUM]ICAL SCALE1 SEP>AT+ !M FROM ?OSE :O >E NOT ELITE4 ,!Y >E MORE OR LESS AW>E ( !MSELVES AS A SOCIAL CLASS & !Y BEHAVE T[>D ONE ANO!R DIFF]5TLY FROM ! WAY !Y DO T[>D MEMB]S ( O!R CLASSES4 ,!Y ACCEPT ONE ANO!R1 UND]/& ONE ANO!R1 M>RY ONE ANO!R1 T5D TO WORK & TO ?9K IF NOT TOGE!R AT LEA/ ALIKE40.<#b#a#h.> 

,! RI* >E BORN TO WEAL?2 ?US !Y TAKE WEAL? = GRANT$1 & DO NOT FEEL CONC]N$ ) WEAL?4 ,!Y >E BOM ) !IR PRIVILEGES1 CONSEQU5TLY !Y DO NOT HAVE TO REA* = PRIVILEGES1 & !Y CAN AF=D TO LOOK D[N ON ! 0CLIMB]S0 :O DO REA* = PRIVILEGES4 ,BE+ !MSELVES 0WELL BORN10 !Y FEEL NO SOLID>ITY ) ?OSE :O >E NOT 0WELL BORN03 !Y REG>D 0! MASS ( MANK9D0 ) CONDESC5TION & CONTEMPT4 ,!Y DO NOT ID5TIFY ) ! GOALS OR ! PROBLEMS ( O!R M54 ,!IR [N WORLD1 !IR 0WAY ( LIFE10 IS MADE = !M3 IT EXI/S 9DEP5D5TLY ( !IR GOALS OR !IR EF=TS4 0,EV]Y MEMB] ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS IS A MAN BY DIV9E RI<T10 WROTE ,JEAN ,PAUL ,S>TRE4 0,BORN 9TO A SOCIETY ( LEAD]S1 HE IS CONV9C$ FROM *ILDHOOD ?AT HE IS BORN TO COMM&1 & 9 A C]TA9 S5SE ?AT IS TRUE1 S9CE HIS P>5TS1 :O COMM&1 HAVE 5G5D]$ HIM TO FOLL[ 9 !IR FOOT/EPS4 ,!RE IS A C]TA9 SOCIAL FUNCTION :I* AWAITS HIM 9 ! FUTURE1 9TO :I* HE WILL SLIP AS SOON AS HE HAS COME ( AGE1 & ?IS FUNCTION IS SOME?+ LIKE ! METAPHYSICAL REALITY ( HIS P]SON4 ,& 9 HIS [N EYES HE IS A P]SON1 ?AT IS1 AN A PRIORI SYN!SIS ( FACT & RI<TS4 ,AWAIT$ BY HIS PE]S1 DE/9$ TO TAKE !IR PLACE :5 ! TIME COMES1 HE EXI/S BECAUSE HE HAS ! RI<T TO EXI/44440.<#b#a#i.> 

,! DOM9ANT M9ORITY ( ! RI* CONSID] !MSELVES 0! ,NATION40 ,BORN TO COMM&1 BORN TO PRIVILEGE1 !Y SEE !IR [N WELF>E AS 0! WELF>E ( ! NATION02 !Y SEE ! DEF5SE ( !IR PRIVILEGES AS 0NATIONAL DEF5SE40 ,! WELF>E ( O!RS IS A FAVOR CONF]R$ BY ! RI*4 ,O!R M5 DO NOT HAVE ! RI<T TO EXI/3 !Y >E MA9TA9$1 & KEPT HAPPY1 ?R\< ! GRACE ( !IR B5EVOL5T MA/]S4 ,& ?IS GRACE MU/ BE REPAID4 ,! DUTY1 ! FUNCTION ( O!R M51 IS TO MA9TA9 & PROTECT ! PRIVILEGES ( ! RI*4 ,! UNGRATEFUL WRET*ES :O REFUSE MU/ BE> ! CONSEQU5CES3 !Y WILL NOT HAVE JOBS CONF]R$ ON !M1 !Y WILL BE UNEMPLOY$1 & TO SURVIVE !Y WILL HAVE TO BEG FROM !IR [N L[LY PE]S :O >E EMPLOY$ = ! WAGES !Y TURN D[N FROM ! RI*4 ,UNGRATEFUL OR NOT1 !RE MU/ ALWAYS BE A C]TA9 M9IMUM NUMB] ( UNEMPLOY$1 BETWE5 TWO & FIVE MILLION 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 = O!RWISE ! EMPLOY$ W\LD DEVELOP 9FLAT$ CONCEPTIONS ( !IR [N IMPORTANCE3 !Y MI<T BECOME DUP$ ) IDEAS AB\T ! ,WELF>E ,/ATE1 OR WORSE4 ,!Y MI<T DEM& A GREAT] %>E ( WEAL? & PRIVILEGE1 & ! RI* KN[ ?AT 0! MASS ( MANK9D0 W\LD ONLY CUT !IR [N ?ROATS ) GREAT] LEISURE & WEAL?3 !Y W\LD NOT KN[ :AT TO DO ) IT1 & !Y'D COMMIT SUICIDE & 9CREASE ! DIVORCE RATE4 ,?AT'S BAD4 0,! MASS ( MANK9D0 HAD BE/ BE KEPT 9 PLACE4 ,= ! MASSES1 ! HI<E/ VIRTUES >E OB$I5CE & PATRIOTISM3 !SE >E ! TWO COMPON5TS ( NATIONALISM4 ,! $UCATIONAL SY/EM MU/ SEE TO IT ?AT OB$I5CE & PATRIOTISM >E 9T]NALIZ$1 & ?AT M5 >E GOOD WORK]S4 ,! GOOD CITIZ5 IS ! PATRIOT :O ID5TIFIES HIS [N 9T]E/S ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! RI*1 :O SEES HIS DUTY AS ! DEF5SE ( ! PRIVILEGES ( ! RI*4 ,&1 AS 9 SLAVE SOCIETIES1 ! SLAVE MU/ BE TAU<T TO GET VIC>I\S JOY FROM HIS MA/]'S ,GREATNESS & ,P[]4 

,! CORPORATE /RUCTURE HAS IRRESPONSIBILITY BUILT-94 ,UNLIKE O!R >I/OCRACIES1 ! DOM9ANT M9ORITY ( CORPORATE ,HOLD]S DO NOT HAVE P]SONAL CONTACT ) ?OSE :O S]VE !M4 ,?IS IS ! MA9 PSY*OLOGICAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,HOLD]S ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY & ! E>LI] 5TREPR5EURIAL CAPITALI/S4 ,! 5TREPR5EUR WAS (T5 ! [N]1 ! *IEF EXECUTIVE1 AS WELL AS ! EMPLOY]4 ,HE WAS MA/] OV] A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMB] ( M51 & HE WAS VISIBLE TO !M4 ,! M5 KNEW HE WAS ! ,BOSS3 !Y W]E HIR$ BY HIM1 SUP]VIS$ BY HIM1 REPRIM&$ & FIR$ BY HIM4 ,OR1 9 CASE !RE WAS A SUP]VISOR OR A =EMAN1 ! M5 KNEW ?IS WAS ! SECOND MAN1 ?AT HE WAS ! ,BOSS ACT+ BY PROXY4 ,& ! ,BOSS HAD AN EQUALLY CLE> VIEW ( HIS RELATION TO 0HIS M540 ,SU* AN 5TREPR5EUR KNEW1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT :5 ONE ( HIS 0H&S0 FELL 9TO A MEAT VAT1 ?IS WAS AN UN=TUNATE CONSEQU5CE ( 0! BUS9ESS40 ,HE MAY HAVE GREET$ SU* AN EV5T ) 9DIFF]5CE1 BUT ! *A9 ( RESPONSIBILITY WAS NOT HIDD5 FROM HIM4 

,! CORPORATE ,%>EHOLD]1 H[EV]1 IS COMPLETELY REMOV$ FROM ! ACTIVITIES ( HIS CORPORATION 7OR CORPORATIONS1 S9CE MO/ ( ! RI* >E ,%>EHOLD]S 9 MANY CORPORATIONS1 EV5 0COMPET+0 ONES74 ,HE HAS CONTROL OV] ?\S&S ( M51 BUT IS ?OR\<LY UNAW>E ( HIS RELATION TO !M4 ,?IS UNAW>5ESS IS BUILT 9TO ! CORPORATE /RUCTURE ITSELF4 

,! ,%>EHOLD]'S MONEY IS 9VE/$ = HIM BY A HI<-PRIC$ SPECIALI/ HIR$ = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,HIS CORPORATION'S ACTIVITIES >E SUP]VIS$ BY ,EXECUTIVES :O >E PAID TO DO ?AT4 ,HE DOES NOT EMPLOY HIS [N M51 S9CE VA/ 0P]SONNEL (FICES0 EXI/ = ?AT PURPOSE4 ,HE DOES NOT ADVOCATE OR ADV]TISE HIS PRODUCTS1 S9CE HE PAYS AD M5 = ?AT4 ,HE DOES NOT TALK TO PEOPLE AB\T HIS CORPORATIONS1 BUT S5DS HIR$ PUBLIC RELATIONS M5 TO REPRES5T HIM4 ,HIS ONLY CONC]N IS TO APPORTION MONEY TO S]VE ONE PURPOSE OR ANO!R1 & HE CAN HIRE AN 0EXP]T0 TO DO EV5 ?AT = HIM4 ,IF HE *OOSES1 HE DOES NOT HAVE TO KN[ :AT HIS CORPORATIONS MAKE4 ,?AT1 TOO1 IS HIS ,PRIVILEGE4 ,HE CAN LIT]ALLY ALL[ HIS MONEY TO 0WORK0 = HIM1 & CAN MA9TA9 COMPLETE IGNORANCE AB\T :AT HIS MONEY 0DOES40 ,HE MAY SP5D ALL HIS TIME TRAVEL+ :]EV] HE WANTS TO GO2 HE MAY COLLECT >T WORKS1 WOM51 SPORT C>S4 ,HE CAN 0GIVE0 M9UTE FRACTIONS ( HIS WEAL? TO ,F\NDATIONS1 ?US GETT+ IT TAX-EXEMPT$ & FEEL+ LIKE A HUMANIT>IAN PHILAN?ROPI/ DEVOT$ TO 0HELP+ SUFF]+ HUMANITY40 ,HE CAN1 IF HE LIKES1 RUN = POLITICAL (FICE1 & ?US EXT5D ! DOM9ION UND] HIS CONTROL3 HE HAS ! MEANS TO REPRES5T 0! MASS ( MANK9D0 9 ! LEGISLATURE3 ! MEANS TO PAY ! P>TY BOSS2 TO F9ANCE ! ADV]TIS+ CAMPAIGN2 TO HIRE ! 0WRIT]S0 9 ! PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRMS :OSE 0RELEASES0 9=M NEWSPAP] READ]S ( HIS C&IDACY1 HIS HONE/Y1 & HIS DEVOTION TO 0DEMOCRACY40 

,! ,HOLD] LIVES 9 A WORLD ( PRIVILEGE2 HE EATS ONLY ! CREAM4 ,HE DOES NOT P>TICIPATE 9 ! AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY4 ,! CORPORATION RUNS = HIS PR(IT1 BUT HE DOES NOT DESIGN ITS PRODUCT1 DOES NOT PRODUCE IT1 DOES NOT DI/RIBUTE IT1 DOES NOT NECESS>ILY EV5 CONSUME IT4 ,! WORK]S RUN = HIS PR(IT1 BUT HE DOES NOT HIRE !M1 DOES NOT TALK TO !M1 DOES NOT %>E !IR CONC]NS4 ,TAU<T ?AT ALL WORK IS DEGRAD+1 ! ,HOLD] CANNOT IMAG9E A /ATE ( AFFAIRS :]E WORK W\LD BE SATISFY+ & 5NOBL+4 ,) ABSOLUTE CONTROL OV] ! PROJECTS ( ?\S&S ( M51 HE IS NEV]!LESS DEPRIV$1 BY HIS IDEOLOGY & HIS POSITION1 ( ! SATISFACTION ?AT COMES FROM ! CREATION & C>RY+ \T ( PROJECTS4 ,HIS DECISIONS >E ABSOLUTE1 BUT !Y CONC]N ONLY MONEY2 HE 0SEES0 HIS CORPORATIONS' ACTIVITIES ONLY 9 ! =M ( A F9ANCIAL REPORT4 ,! IMPLEM5TATION IS DELEGAT$ TO MANY M51 NONE ( :OM FULLY COMPREH5D ! 5TIRE PROJECT4 ,TI$ TO ! F9ANCIAL 5D ( ALL HIS ACTIVITIES1 HE DOES NOT1 & CANNOT1 GET ! UND]/&+ OR ! FULFILLM5T ( MAK+1 ( CREAT+--YET BY FRAGM5T+ PROJECTS AMONG HIR$ S]VANTS1 HE DEPRIVES O!RS ( ! JOY ( CREATION4 

,! F9ANCIAL MA/]S ( ! REALM >E MANY TIMES REMOV$ FROM ! CONSEQU5CES ( !IR DECISIONS2 !Y DO NOT IMPLEM5T ! DECISIONS !Y MAKE1 OR ?OSE MADE 9 !IR NAME4 ,IF ONE SUGGE/$ TO A ,HOLD]1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT MO/ ( HIS WEAL? CAME FROM A CORPORATION ?AT MANUFACTUR$ EQUIPM5T = WEAPONS ( G5OCIDE1 HE C\LD BECOME RI<TE\SLY 9DIGNANT3 HE DOESN'T HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) G5OCIDE1 HE M]ELY READS ! 0F9ANCIAL REPORTS0 PREP>$ = HIM2 HE MAY NOT EV5 READ ! 0REPORTS10 S9CE HIS SUBORD9ATES >E TRU/WOR?Y1 DEVOT$ M51 HI<LY TRA9$ TO SP5D !IR LIVES 9CREAS+ HIS WEAL?4 ,HE CAN CONT9UE HIS TRAVELS UNDI/URB$4 ,& HIS SUBORD9ATES >E NOT RESPONSIBLE EI!R2 !Y'RE M]ELY HIR$ TO 9VE/ HIS MONEY1 & WEAPONS HAPP5 TO BE ! MO/ PR(ITABLE 0ITEM40 ,?US ! ,HOLD]S >5'T RESPONSIBLE4 ,& BEL[ ! ,HOLD]S1 EV]YONE IS HIR$ & NO ONE IS RESPONSIBLE4 ,IF AN 0ACCID5T0 %\LD TAKE PLACE1 & IF HUMANITY %\LD HAPP5 TO BE ANNIHILAT$1 NO ONE WILL BE RESPONSIBLE1 NO ONE WILL BE TO BLAME1 NO ONE WILL HAVE CAUS$ ANY?+4 ,9 FACT1 EV]YONE WILL HAVE BE5 DO+ HIS BE/4 ,! ANNIHILATION ( MANK9D WILL NOT HAVE BE5 CAUS$ BY A DEF9ITE GR\P ( M51 AT A DEF9ITE TIME1 UND] DEF9ITE CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT RA!R1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,CORPORATE ,!OLOGIAN ,RE9HOLD ,NIEBUHR1 ! CATACLYSM WILL HAVE BE5 CAUS$ BY ,S91 & ?OSE RESPONSIBLE = IT WILL BE ,COLLECTIVE ,HUMANITY3 EV]Y HUMAN BE+ :O HAS EV] LIV$ ANY:]E WILL BE EQUALLY RESPONSIBLE & EQUALLY GUILTY4 ,)9 ! CONF9ES ( ! CORPORATE /RUCTURE1 NO SOLUTIONS CAN BE F\ND--TO ANY?+4 

,RI* & REMOV$1 TAK+ WEAL? & PRIVILEGE = GRANT$1 ! ,HOLD] FEELS NO SOLID>ITY ) O!R M54 ,ANY S5SE ( OBLIGATION OR RESPONSIBILITY IS TOTALLY LACK+4 ,M5 >E NOT HIS BRO!RS4 ,HE CANNOT FEEL EQUALITY T[>DS 09F]IORS40 ,HE DOES NOT LIVE 9 A COMMUNITY4 ,HUMANITY IS A FICTIONAL CONCEPT TO HIM4 ,HE DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 %>+1 OR 9 COOP]ATION4 ,IF HE AGREES TO A PROJECT1 HE WILL DO HIS P>T ONLY IF IT PLEASES HIM4 ,HE FEELS NO MORE REASON TO DIS*>GE OBLIGATIONS OR PROMISES T[>DS 09F]IORS0 ?AN M5 FEEL T[>DS DOGS4 ,BUT HE TAKES IT = GRANT$ ?AT HIS REIGN CON/ITUTES ! BE/ ( ALL POSSIBLE WORLDS1 ?AT 0,M5 ( GREAT PROP]TY >E DEEPLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! WELF>E ( ! /ATES & !Y >E ! MO/ COMPET5T JUDGES ( ! =M ( GOV]NM5T1 BE/ CALCULAT$ TO PRES]VE !IR PROP]TY1 & SU* LIB]TIES AS IT IS PROP] = ! COMMON & 9F]IOR CLASS ( PEOPLE TO 5JOY4 ,M5 ( WEAL? POSSESS NATURAL & ACQUIR$ UND]/&+1 AS !Y MANIFE/ BY AMASS+ RI*ES1 OR BY KEEP+ & 9CREAS+ ?OSE !Y D]IVE FROM !IR ANCE/ORS1 & !Y >E BE/ ACQUA9T$ ) ! WANTS1 ! WI%ES1 & DESIRES ( ! PEOPLE1 & !Y >E ALWAYS READY TO RELIEVE !M 9 !IR PRIVATE & PUBLIC /ATIONS40.<#b#b.> ,! RI* ALSO TAKE IT = GRANT$ ?AT 0! MASS ( MANK9D10 ! HI]>*Y ( HIR$ S]VANTS1 RECOGNIZE & APPRECIATE ! SUP]IOR WISDOM1 UND]/&+1 & B5EVOL5CE ( ! DOM9ANT RI*4 ,H[EV]1 ACCORD+ TO ,GEORGE ,B]N>D ,%AW1 ! RI* DO NOT 9T]PRET CORRECTLY4 0,I HE TA/E = SP5D+ ONE'S LIFE 9 DRUDG]Y' & NEV]-5D+ PECUNI>Y ANXIETY SOLELY 9 ORD] ?AT C]TA9 IDLE & POSSIBLY VICI\S PEOPLE MAY FLEECE Y\ = !IR [N AMUSEM5T1 IS NOT SO WIDESPREAD AS ! PAP]S W\LD HAVE US ?9K40.<#b#b#a.> 

0,!Y W]E (F]$ ! *OICE BETWE5 BECOM+ K+S OR ! C\RI]S ( K+S4 ,! WAY *ILDR5 W\LD1 !Y ALL WANT$ TO BE C\RI]S4 ,!RE=E !RE >E ONLY C\RI]S :O HURRY AB\T ! WORLD1 %\T+ TO EA* O!R--S9CE !RE >E NO K+S--MESSAGES ?AT HAVE BECOME MEAN+LESS4 ,!Y W\LD LIKE TO PUT AN 5D TO ?IS MIS]ABLE LIFE ( !IRS BUT !Y D>E NOT BECAUSE ( !IR OA?S ( S]VICE40.<#b#b#b.> 

,FRANZ ,KAFKA'S C\RI]S C>RY MANY MEAN+S 9TO V>I\S REALMS & C]TA9LY !Y BR+ A GL>+ LI<T 9TO A CORPORATE WORLD :]E ,HOLD]S >E ! HIDD5 MON>*S1 ,PR(ITS ! AIM ( ! REALM1 & ,EXECUTIVES ITS MO/ VISIBLE REPRES5TATIVES4 ,IF ! ,HOLD]S GET ! PRIVILEGES ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY & ! WORK]S BE> ITS PHYSICAL BRUNT1 ! ADM9I/RATIVE C\RI]S1 BESIDES BE+ ! SOCIETY'S MO/ CONSPICU\S MEMB]S1 BE> ITS FULL PSY*OLOGICAL IMPACT4 

,! NEW M5 9 ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY--V>I\SLY KN[N AS ,:ITE ,COLL> ,WORK]S1 ,M9OR ,EXECUTIVES1 ,MANAG]S1 ,NEW ,MIDDLE ,CLASS-- ?OR\<LY UPSET & ?REW 9TO CONFUSION ! EXPECTATIONS ( TRADITIONAL SOCIALI/S4 ,! DRIVE = MONOPOLY :I* PROPELS ALL CAPITALI/S WAS EXPECT$1 9 TIME1 TO LODGE GREAT WEAL? & P[] 9 ! H&S ( A FEW CAPITALI/S4 ,?IS MU*1 9 FACT1 TOOK PLACE3 0,SLI<TLY MORE ?AN HALF .<( ,AM]ICAN ,9DU/RY.> IS [N$ \TRI<T BY NOT MORE ?AN #b CORPORATIONS40.<#b#b#c.> ,H[EV]1 IT WAS EXPECT$ ?AT ! PROP]TY-LESS WORK+ CLASS W\LD GR[ L>G] & L>G]4 ,9 FACT1 ! NUMB] ( PROP]TY- LESS M5 HAS 9CREAS$4 ,BUT IT IS NOT A WORK+ CLASS4 ,SEEM+LY \T ( NO:]E1 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> M5 APPE>$ ON ! SC5E1 & BE=E SOCIALI/S C\LD ADJU/ !IR !ORIES1 !SE NEW M5 />T$ TO \TNUMB] ! WORK]S4 ,!SE M5 >E PROP]TY-LESS1 !Y >E (T5 NO BETT] PAID ?AN WORK]S1 BUT !Y >E NOT WAGE-WORK]S1 !Y DO NOT PRODUCE ANY?+1 & !Y F9D SOLID>ITY NOT ) EA* O!R1 BUT ) ! CORPORATIONS !Y S]VE4 ,EV5 ,K>L ,M>X1 ! MO/ F>-SEE+ & IMAG9ATIVE ( ! F\ND]S ( SOCIALI/ !ORY1 C\LD DIAGNOSE ONLY ! COM+ ( A MONOPOLY CAPITALISM :]E ! GREATE/ WEAL? W\LD BE CONC5TRAT$ 9 A FEW H&S2 HIS IMAG9ATION WAS NOT CRUEL 5\< TO VISUALIZE ! PLE?ORA ( LACKEYS :O W\LD BE HIR$ TO PRES]VE ! HI<] PRIVILEGES ( !IR MA/]S4 

,EV]Y AGR>IAN SOCIETY HAS ITS (FICIALS & TAX-COLLECTORS1 EV5' GOV]NM5T ITS BUREAUCRATS4 ,9 !MSELVES !Y >E NOT NEW4 ,BUT A SOCIETY :]E ELABORATE FEUDAL HI]>*IES ( BUREAUCRATS EXI/ TO PRES]VE & MAXIMIZE ! PR(ITS ( PRIVATE CORPORATIONS--?IS IS NEW4 ,& ! VISIBILITY ( !SE PEOPLE--! CONSPICU\S ROLES :I* !Y PLAY 9 EV]Y ACTIVITY ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY--?IS IS NEW4 ,9 ! PA/1 K+S DISPLAY$ !IR MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5TS BUT HID !IR BUREAUCRATS4 ,F>M]S >E NEV] CONSPICU\S2 SEP>AT$ BY PAT*ES ( L&1 !Y >E R>ELY SE5 9 L>GE NUMB]S4 ,WORK]S >E CR[D$ TOGE!R1 BUT HIDD5 FROM PUBLIC VIEW BY W9D[LESS FACTORY WALLS4 ,! FACTORY [N]S >E ON !IR E/ATES OR RECREATIONAL RESORTS SET (F FROM O!R M5 BY F5CES M>K$ ,K,E,E,P ,\,T -- ,P,R,I,V,A,T,E ,P,R,O,P,],T,Y -- ,N,O ,T,R,E,S,P,A,S,S,+4 ,BUT 9 ! CITIES1 DUR+ ! WORK+ DAY1 ! C\RI]S >E EV]Y:]E VISIBLE2 !Y >E ! FRONT ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY2 !Y >E ! DEP>TM5T-/ORE SALESGIRLS1 ! DOOR-TO-DOOR SALESM51 ! GAS-/ATION ATT5DANTS1 ! BANK CL]KS1 (FICE CL]KS1 SECRET>IES1 HI<] SECRET>IES1 ,MANAG]S1 ,SUP]VISORS1 ,DIRECTORS1 & 5TIRE S*OOLS ( ,ASSI/ANTS4 ,9 P>TS ( ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 !RE >E BANKS ON ALL F\R CORN]S :I* HAVE GLASS WALLS3 9SIDE1 9 FULL VIEW ( ! ?\S&S :O PASS DAILY1 >E ! REGIM5T$ R[S ( DESKS1 EA* ) ITS CL]K4 ,SKYSCRAP]S ) GLASS WALLS1 GIGANTIC RECTANGUL> FIL+ CAB9ETS 9 ! 09T]NATIONAL /YLE10 >E BUILT CON/&Y 9 ! ,EMPIRE ,CITY4 ,9SIDE EA* ( ! ?\S&S & ?\S&S ( SLOTS1 BEH9D A L>GE PANE ( GLASS1 !RE IS A MANAG]1 ) HIS DESK & HIS SECRET>Y4 ,?US AN ILLUSION IS CREAT$ ?AT BANK CL]KS EX]T SOME CONTROL OV] 0!IR0 BANKS1 OR SALESGIRLS OV] 0!IR0 DEP>TM5T /ORES1 OR GAS-/ATION ATT5DANTS OV] 0!IR0 OIL CORPORATIONS4 ,! K+ DOES NOT MAKE PUBLIC APPE>ANCES1 :]EAS ! C\RI]S >E ALWAYS ON DISPLAY4 ,?US ! 9HABITANTS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY >E UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT ! C\RI]S1 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE1 CONTROL ! CORPORATE ECONOMY4 

,! ADM9I/RATIVE HI]>*IES >E ORGANIZ$ ALONG MILIT>Y L9ES3 !Y >E PYRAMIDS :]E P[] IS PASS$ FROM ! TOP D[N ?R\< AN 9F9ITY ( LAY]S1 :I* GR[ L>G] AS !Y GET L[]4 ,EA* CORPORATION HAS ITS [N PRIVATE HI]>*Y4 ,H[EV]1 UNLIKE MILIT>Y >MIES1 !SE HI]>*IES >E COMPOS$ ( ALL (FIC]S & NO SOLDI]S4 ,! ACTUAL TOP IS 9VISIBLE EXCEPT TO V]Y SPECIAL C\RI]S1 MO/LY LAWY]S4 ,FROM ! TOP D[N1 EA* GR\P HAS ITS RANK1 & EA* FEELS AWE BE=E ! RANKS ABOVE & CONTEMPT = ?OSE BEL[4 ,NEXT TO ! TOP >E G5]ALLY ! ,BO>DS ( ,DIRECTORS4 ,!SE MAY BE ! ,HOLD]S !MSELVES1 BUT G5]ALLY !Y >E GLORIFI$ SAL>I$-EMPLOYES4 ,!SE HI<E/ ,DIRECTORS MAY OR MAY NOT HOLD /OCK 9 ! CORPORATION1 !Y MAY OR MAY NOT BE 9DEP5D5TLY RI*1 BUT SOME ?+S !Y ALL DO HAVE 9 COMMON3 !IR ONE & ONLY LOYALTY IS T[>D ! CORPORATION1 ! ONLY PR(ITS !Y WORK = >E ?OSE ( ! CORPORATION1 ! ONLY WELLBE+ !Y KN[ IS ! CORPORATION'S4 ,:E!R ! CORPORATION DEALS ) /EEL OR OIL OR FOOD1 ! ,DIRECTORS CONC]N !MSELVES ONLY ) MONEY--) MAXIMIZ+ PR(ITS ?AT >E NOT !IR [N4 ,HI< UP ON ! PYRAMID1 !Y >E NEV]!LESS C\RI]S1 NOT K+S4 ,!Y SET ! PACE & HOLD UP ! IMAGE = ALL ?OSE BEL[4 ,V>I\S TYPES ( SUB*IEFS1 ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTORS1 >E ! TOPS ( ! PYRAMIDS AT A CORPORATION'S REGIONAL PLANTS4 ,! ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR IS MORE VISIBLE ?AN ! ,BO>D4 ,HE G5]ALLY HAS A LOCAL (FICE4 ,HE IS 0B5EVOL5T0 TO ?OSE UND] HIM1 BUT FE>FUL ( ! ,BO>D4 ,IT IS HIS TASK TO IMPLEM5T LOCALLY ! F9ANCIAL DECISIONS ( ! ,BO>D4 ,HIR$ & FIR$ BY ! ,BO>D ( ,DIRECTORS1 ! LOCAL ,EXECUTIVE IS DIE HI<E/ 9 ! PYRAMID :O HAS NO VIEW ( ! ,HOLD]S4_<#e_> ,FROM ?IS PO9T D[N1 !RE >E MANY C\RI]S BUT NO K+4 ,IMM$IATELY BEL[ ! ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR1 !RE IS AN 9TRICATE NETWORK ( ,ASSI/ANT ,DIRECTORS1 ,ASSOCIATE ,DIRECTORS1 ,SUP]VISORS1 ,HEAD ,SECRET>IES1 ,(FICE ,SUP]VISORS1 & MANY1 MANY O!R TITLES & SUB-TITLES4 ,! ,(FICE ,SUP]VISOR IS G5]ALLY AN EFFICI5T WOMAN 9 MIDDLE-AGE1 :O IS 9 *>GE ( ! SECRET>IES1 SWIT*-BO>D OP]ATORS1 TYPI/S1 FIL+-CAB9ET EXP]TS1 & FIL+ CAB9ETS4 ,G5]ALLY PRUDI% 9 H] SEXUAL HABITS1 %E F9DS H] LIFE'S GREATE/ JOY 9 A ONE-SID$ ,PLATONIC 9TIMACY ) H] IMM$IATE SUP]IOR1 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,DIRECTOR4 ,TO H]1 ! ,BO>D IS A COMPLEX SY/EM ( UNAPPROA*ABLE DEITIES4 ,%E SPEAKS ( 0,! ,BO>D10 NOT AS A GR\P ( HUMAN BE+S1 BUT AS AN IMP]SONAL ,?+ ?AT SITS OV] & JUDGES ! AFFAIRS ( H] (FICE4 ,= H]1 ! ,HOLD]S NO LONG] EXI/4 ,! RI* M5 AT ! TOP ( H] [N CORPORATION >E AS UNREAL TO H] AS ! RI* M5 ( ANY O!R CORPORATION4 

,! RANK+ SY/EM EFFECTIVELY PREV5TS ANY UNITY1 ANY FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY4 ,) AWE = ! TOP & CONTEMPT = ! BOTTOM1 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE 5VY !IR [N PE]S1 & >E 9 CON/ANT ANXIETY LE/ ONE ( !IR C[ORK]S 0RISE0 ABOVE & ONE ( ?OSE BEL[ RISE TO !IR [N LEVEL4 ,! MA/]-S]VANT RELATION%IP IS HIDD5 FROM !IR VIEW4 ,EA* GR\P'S CONTACT IS LIMIT$ TO ! RANK IMM$IATELY ABOVE1 & ?AT IMM$IATELY BEL[4 ,! RE/ IS %R\D$ 9 A DEEP FOG4 ,! TOP IS ABOVE ! CL\DS1 ! BOTTOM BEL[ HELL4 ,! ONLY SOLID>ITY1 ! ONLY ID5TIFICATION !Y FEEL1 IS T[>D ! CORPORATION !Y S]VE1 BUT !Y DO NOT KN[ :O CONTROLS ! CORPORATION1 NOR :Y4 

,AL?\< !Y >E AS PROP]TY-LESS AS MANUAL WORK]S1 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE DO NOT MAKE ANY?+ !Y NEI!R PRODUCE NOR CREATE4 ,!Y FILL :AT >E KN[N AS 0,S]VICE ,OCCUPATIONS40 ,!IR 0S]VICE10 AS ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS SUMM>IZ$1 CONSI/S ( 0H&L+0 PEOPLE & SYMBOLS4 ,! SYMBOLS !Y H&LE >E NOT ?OSE ( ! POET1 BUT ?OSE ( ! FIL+-CAB9ET EXP]T4 ,!IR RELATION%IP TO ! SYMBOLS IS NEI!R 9TELLECTUAL NOR IMAG9ATIVE3 IT IS A RELATION%IP ( ?+S TO ?+S1 DEVOID ( UND]/&+1 DEVOID ( ANY HUMAN MEAN+4 ,TRA9$ ANIMALS OR ELECTRONIC MA*9ES C\LD DO !IR 0WORK0 MU* MORE EFFICI5TLY1 & ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE KN[ IT3 ?IS KN[L$GE IS ! BASIS ( MU* ( !IR FRANTIC ANXIETY4 ,!IR RELATION TO ! OBJECTS ( !IR WORLD IS A FIL+-CAB9ET RELATION4 ,!Y SELL >TICLES !Y HAVE NOT MADE4 ,!Y FILE PAP]S !Y DO NOT UND]/&4 ,!Y ANSW] LETT]S !Y HAVE NOT READ4 ,!Y FILE MONEY !Y DID NOT E>N & WILL NOT GET4 ,!Y READ =MS 9 :I* !Y HAVE NO 9T]E/4 ,!Y SIT AT ! APEX ( UPROOT$NESS & ALI5ATION4 ,!IR FRAME ( REF]5CE = UND]/&+ !IR RELATION TO !IR WORK IS ! FRAME ( REF]5CE ( !IR P>TICUL> FIL+ CAB9ETS4 ,!Y LIVE 9 A N>R[ ONE-DIM5SIONAL WORLD4 ,! DIM5SION IS EI!R ALPHABETICAL OR NUM]ICAL4 

,! ,PSY*OLOGI/S ( ! ,:ITE ,COLL> WORLD FILL !IR CLI5TS ) AN IDEOLOGY ( ,9T]P]SONAL ,RELATIONS PRECISELY BECAUSE ! ,:ITE ,COLL> REALITY IS COMPLETELY ALI5 TO HUMAN RELATIONS4 ,! ,MANAG]IAL & ,SECRET>IAL PEOPLE DO NOT EV] 0RELATE0 TO HUMAN BE+S3 !Y 0H&LE0 HUMAN BE+S4 ,& !IR H&L+ ( PEOPLE IS MODEL$ ON !IR H&L+ ( ?+S4 ,PEOPLE1 9 ! ADM9I/RATIVE WORLD1 >E M]ELY ANO!R =M ( FIL+ C>DS4 ,IF A MAN'S NAME />TS ) ,Z1 HE CANNOT BE 09T]VIEW$0 UNTIL AFT] ! ,AS1 ,ES1 ,CS4444 ,! SALESMAN BOA/S ?AT HE HAS 0CONTACTS0 ) ?\S&S ( PEOPLE--YET HE NEI!R UND]/&S NOR COMMUNICATES ) ANY ( !M1 BECAUSE UND]/&+ & COMMUNICATION >E UNDEF9$ CONCEPTS 9 ! WORLD ( ! 0CONTACT0 & ! 0PIT*40 ,! 9T]VIEW] BOA/S ?AT HE 0SEES0 HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE EV]Y DAY1 BUT HE %>ES NO DREAMS OR GOALS OR PROJECTS ) !M1 BECAUSE !RE >E NO PROJECTS 9 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> WORLD4 ,A VA/ NUMB] ( PSY*OLOGI/S & ANALY/S1 EQUIPP$ ) A FICTITI\S DOCTR9E ( ,SIGMUND ,FREUD & ,]NE/ ,JONES :I* PORTRAYS ! HUMAN M9D AS A BUREAUCRACY1 GA9 !IR WEAL? BY TRANQUILIZ+ ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE4 ,!Y TELL !IR CLI5TS ?AT 0SEE+0 HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE DAILY IS AN EFFECTIVE SUB/ITUTE = ONE TRUE FRI5D%IP1 PROVID$ ! CLI5TS SWALL[ ! 0REALITY0 ( ! ,FREUDIAN DOCTR9E4 ,H[EV]1 ! TRANQUILIZ] IS AS SPURI\S AS ! DOCTR9E1 & ! LIE DOES NOT EFFECTIVELY FILL ! EMOTIONAL VACUUM4 ,9 SPITE ( ALL ! PSY*OLOGICAL D\BLESPEAK1 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE /ILL SUSPECT !Y >E NOT FULLY HUMAN BE+S4 ,COMRADE%IP REMA9S AN ALI5 NOTION 9 A WORLD :]E M5 >E OBJECTS TO BE CLASSIFI$ OR US$4 ,COMMUNAL %>+ IS A CRIME 9 A WORLD :]E 5DLESS CORPORATE APPROPRIATION IS ! ONLY LEGITIMATE GOAL4 ,COOP]ATIVE PROJECTS >E IMPOSSIBLE = M5 :O HAVE NEV] 9ITIAT$ PROJECTS ( !IR [N1 & :O UND]/& COOP]ATION AS A S]VILE SUBMISSION TO ME*ANICAL R\T9E4 ,UND] ! IDEOLOGY ( ,9T]P]SONAL ,RELATIONS IS A WORLD ( TALK )\T COMMUNICATION1 ACTIVITY )\T HUMAN MEAN+1 WORK )\T JOY4 

,! ,:ITE ,COLL> HI]>*IES GR[ CON/ANTLY2 !Y >E ! FRONT BEH9D :I* EV]Y ACTIVITY ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS C>RI$ ON4 ,! HI]>*IES >E NOT RE/RICT$ TO ,CORPORATIONS4 ,GOV]NM5T (FICES HAVE ALWAYS HAD !IR CL]KS4 ,BUT TODAY1 LABOR UNIONS >E 0ADM9I/]$0 BY CL]KS :O >E LOYAL ONLY TO !IR FIL+ JOBS1 9DIFF]5T TO ! WORK]S OR !IR GOALS4 ,PRE-UNIV]SITY 0$UCATION0 HAS BE5 EFFECTIVELY CONV]T$ 9TO A VA/ BUREAUCRACY4 ,ALL TEA*]S MU/ SP5D TIME AT ,TEA*]S ,COLLEGES :]E !Y >E TAU<T H[ TO ADM9I/RATE1 NOT :AT TO TEA*4 ,! FIR/ RESULT IS ?AT ! IMAG9ATIVE SPIRITS DROP \T TO SEEK MORE ADV5TUR\S PURSUITS1 :]EAS ! LEA/ 9TELLIG5T & LEA/ 9DEP5D5T RECEIVE !IR 0TEA*+0 LIC5SES4 ,! SECOND RESULT IS ?AT A VACUUM EXI/S 9 !SE PEOPLE1 ! VACUUM LEFT BY ! KN[L$GE !Y LACK4 ,:ILE ! 0TEA*]S0 ADM9I/RATE1 ADV]TIZ]S 0$UCATE0 ! /UD5TS4 ,! EFFECT IS A ?OR\< 9DOCTR9ATION 9 ! CORPORATE E?IC ( PR(ITS & W>4 ,EV5 9 ! UNIV]SITIES1 TEA*]S >E BE+ REPLAC$ AT CRUCIAL SPOTS BY ADM9I/RATORS4 ,?US EV5 IF A /UD5T HAS RETA9$ SOME 9TELLECTUAL CURIOSITY & SOME IMAG9ATION AFT] A TWELVE-YE> ,AM]ICANIZATION ?R\< ELEM5T>Y' & HI< S*OOL1 HE /ILL HASN'T MU* ( A *ANCE TO BECOME AN $UCAT$ MAN4 ,FRE$ FROM ! HI< S*OOL ADM9I/RATORS1 HE WILL ANXI\SLY GO TO ! ,UNIV]SITY ,ADMISSIONS ,(FICE TO SEEK 5LI<T5M5T AB\T ! WORLD ( KN[L$GE4 ,!RE AN ,ASSI/ANT ,DIRECTOR WILL 0C\NSEL0 ! EXPECTANT /UD5T ON ! PHILOSOPHY C\RSES HE %\LD TAKE1 ?\< TO ?IS ,DIRECTOR PHILOSOPHY IS M]ELY ANO!R CLASSIFICATION 9 ! CATALOG2 & ! ,DIRECTOR WILL ADVISE ! /UD5T AB\T HUMANITIES1 ?\< ?IS ADM9I/RATOR'S ONLY 0HUMANITIES0 >E ! SEX-CRIMES ( ! NEWSPAP]S & ! HI<] PORNOGRAPHY ( ,HOLLYWOOD MOVIES4 ,FROM !N ON ! /UD5T WILL LE>N ?AT 9 ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES1 PHILOSOPHY IS A C>D TO FILE1 A GRADE TO GET1 A REQUIREM5T TO FILL1 & NO MORE4 ,REALITY IS ELSE:]E--IT RESIDES 9 ! CORPORATE PR(ITS & ! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY4 ,FROM ! ADM9I/RATOR HE HAS NO?+ TO LE>N4 ,! BUREAUCRAT'S ADVICE COMES FROM CATALOGS1 HIS KN[L$GE EXT5DS ONLY TO =MS1 HIS DISC\RSE IS AUTOMATIC REPETITION1 & AFT] ! 0JOB0 HE HAS NO?+ TO SAY4 ,AMONG HI< S*OOL /UD5TS1 MANY ( ! MORE 9TELLIG5T QUIT S*OOL TO BECOME JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS1 & !Y TRY TO F9D ! ADV5TURE & MEAN+ !IR SOCIETY KEEPS FROM !M BY COMMITT+ CRIMES AGA9/ ?AT SOCIETY4 ,AMONG UNIV]SITY /UD5TS1 ! FEW :O RETA9 A VE/IGE ( 9TELLECTUAL HONE/Y & CREATIVE IMAG9ATION BECOME ,BEATS1 & !Y TRY TO REGA9 A WOR?:ILE HUMAN COMMUNITY ON ! FR+ES ( ! CORPORATE WORLD1 (T5 SUCCE$+ 9 NO?+ MORE ?AN BECOM+ P>ASITES ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY & MIRROR+ ITS VALUES 9 REV]SE4 

,BECAUSE ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE CONSPICU\SLY OCCUPY EV]Y NI*E & LAY] ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 BECAUSE !IR WORK CONSI/S ( 0S]VIC+1 DI/RIBUT+1 COORD9AT+10 !IR SPOKESM5 HAVE TRI$ TO BUILD >\ND !M A HALO ( ,9DISP5SABILITY1 & TO D]IVE FROM ?IS HALO ! CLAIM ?AT ,MANAG]S W\LD BECOME ! NEW RUL+ CLASS4 ,! ASSUMPTION ( ?IS SPURI\S !ORY IS ?AT ! 9DISP5SABLE RULE4 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS EXPLOD$ ! LOGIC ( ?IS >GUM5T4 ,9 EV]Y SOCIETY1 WORK]S1 F>M]S1 & SLAVES >E ! MO/ 9DISP5SABLE MEMB]S1 S9CE IT IS !Y :O C>RY ON ! SOCIETY'S MO/ BASIC ACTIVITIES4 ,IF 9DISP5SABILITY W]E ! M>K ( A RUL+ CLASS1 WORK]S1 PEASANTS & SLAVES W\LD HAVE RUL$ EV]Y HUMAN SOCIETY4 

,9 ACTUAL FACT1 ! 9DISP5SABILITY ( ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE IS A DELUSION LIMIT$ TO ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE4 ,! FIL+-CAB9ET HAS ?IS DELUSION BUILT-94 ,IF A FIL+ SY/EM IS SET UP TO CLASSIFY TRA% ACCORD+ TO C]TA9 *>ACT]I/ICS1 !N ( C\RSE EA* SCRAP HAS ITS 0PLACE10 & ! MAN :O F9DS ! 0PLACE0 IS 9DISP5SABLE4 ,IF ! FUNCTION ( A SY/EM IS TO FILE ALL TRA% & TO KEEP RECORDS & CROSS-REF]5CES ON IT1 !N EA* ( ! MILLIONS ( TRA%-COLLECTORS WILL D]IVE HIS 0MEAN+0 & 0/ATION0 FROM ! P>TICUL> TYPE ( TRA% IT IS HIS ROLE TO FILE4 ,! ILLUSION ( 9DISP5SABILITY CAN BE MA9TA9$ ONLY AS LONG AS NO ONE EM]GES FROM ! SY/EM TO QUE/ION ! HUMAN RELEVANCE ( FIL+ TRA%4 ,AS SOON AS SOMEONE ASKS1 ! HALO ( 9DISP5SABILITY BUR/S1 & ! ,ADM9I/RATORS SUDD5LY BECOME P>ASITES DEVOT+ LIFE & 5]GY TO IRRELEVANT & SUP]FLU\S ACTIVITY4 ,! NIHILI/IC LIT]ATURE ( \R TIME1 BE/ EXEMPLIFI$ BY ,BECKETT & ,IONESCO1 IS ADDRESS$ TO ?IS MIDDLE LAY] ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 TO ! M5 :O NEI!R 9ITIATE ACTIVITY NOR C>RY IT \T1 BUT M]ELY FILE & CLASSIFY1 S]VICE1 DI/RIBUTE1 & COORD9ATE4 

,! PEOPLE 9 ! ,S]VICE ,OCCUPATIONS >E RUNN]S--BUT !Y DO ! RUNN+ = SOMEONE ELSE4 ,9 ! CORPORATIONS1 !Y HAVE NEI!R VOICE NOR CONTROL4 ,S]VICE IS ! PROP] NAME = !IR OCCUPATIONS4 ,!Y CON/ITUTE ! NEW FEUDAL HI]>*Y4 ,! C\RI]S ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM >E S]VANTS3 !IR TASK IS TO C>RY O!R M5'S PROJECTS1 FROM ?OSE :O 9ITIATE !M TO ?OSE :O IMPLEM5T !M2 !IR FUNCTION IS TO 9TEGRATE ! MALFUNCTIONS ( MONOPOLY CAPITALISM4 ,?OSE :O CLAIM !Y'LL RULE ! CORPORATE SOCIETY DO NOT 9 FACT EV5 RULE !MSELVES4 ,!IR /YLE ( LIFE IS SET BY !IR /ATUS1 ! SOLE PURPOSE ( !IR LIVES IS TO RISE1 ! MEAN+ ( LIFE IS TO HAVE A 0PLACE0 9 ! HI]>*Y4 ,! SE>* = CREATIVE ACTIVITY & IMAG9ATIVE ADV5TURE HAS BE5 :ITTL$ D[N TO A CEASELESS PREOCCUPATION ) RANK1 /ATION1 POSITION4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BUS9ESS ,MA*9ES HAVE IMPOS$ !IR /YLE ( LIFE ON ! M5 :O RUN !M4 

,S9CE LIFE IS ID5TIFI$ ) ! SLOT ONE OCCUPIES1 9DIVIDUALITY & HUMAN DIGNITY >E TAK5 TO MEAN ACTION ?AT CORRESPONDS TO ! SLOT4 ,:5 ,A ,SECRET>Y BECOMES ,! ,HEAD ,SECRET>Y1 %E MU/ TAKE ON ! /YLE ( LIFE ( ! NEW /ATION4 ,%E MU/ TALK & DRESS & WALK LIKE A ,HEAD ,SECRET>Y4 ,%E MU/ ?OR\<LY FAMILI>IZE H]SELF ) ! HABITS1 & EV5 ! MA9 IDIOCYNCRACIES1 ( O!R ,HEAD ,SECRET>IES4 ,! ADV]TIZ]S & MOVIE MAK]S SPECIALIZE 9 PROVID+ ! MODELS4 ,EV]Y ,AM]ICAN VEHICLE ( PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ADV]TISES ! ,MISS ,SUBWAYS1 ,MISS ,NEW ,YORK1 ,MISS ,AM]ICA1 OR ,MISS ,ALCOHOLIC ,BEV]AGE1 & DESCRIBES H] MA9 HABITS & ACTIVITIES = ! $IFICATION ( ! MILLIONS :O DUTIFULLY APE H] /YLE ( LIFE4 ,AS ) 0,9T]P]SONAL ,RELATIONS10 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE 9TOXICATE !MSELVES ) AN ILLUSION ( !IR ,9DIVIDUALITY PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y HAVE NO 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,! ,9DIVIDUALITY ( ,:ITE ,COLL> CONSI/S ( ?9K+ & ACT+ LIKE ALL O!RS 9 ! SAME ,POSITION4 ,?US 09DIVIDUALITY0 IS ID5TIFI$ ) ! MO/ S]VILE CON=MISM4 ,)9 ?IS CON=MISM1 ! MO/ DISGU/+ *>ACT]I/IC ( ! 0MASS SOCIETY10 NAMELY ! SE>* = 9VIDI\S DI/9CTIONS1 BECOMES A MANIA4 ,! RUNN]S ACC5TUATE !IR FRANTIC CON=MISM BY LODG+ !IR 09DIVIDUALITY0 9 ! COLOR ( !IR C>S1 9 ! CORPORATIONS ?AT MAKE !IR O>S1 9 !IR TIES1 EV5 9 !IR NAMES4 

,! M5TAL & EMOTIONAL VACUUM ( ,:ITE ,COLL> IS :]E ! 0MASS CULTURE0 F9DS A HOME4 ,! WORLD ( COMIC /RIPS1 TELEVISION H]OES1 & ESPECIALLY ! WORLD ( ! CELEBRITIES1 >E TAILOR$ = ! P]SONALITY-LESS C\RI]S ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,EA* ,MANAG] ?9KS HIMSELF ! LOCAL 9C>NATION ( A CELEBRAT$ MOVIE H]O2 EA* SECRET>Y IS ! LOCAL ,ELIZABE? ,TAYLOR OR ,DEBORAH ,K]R4 ,:5 ! ACTRESS ,ELIZABE? ,TAYLOR WAS 9 A ,BRITI% HOSPITAL1 ,NEW ,YORK (FICE GIRLS TOLD EA* O!R !Y W]E 0SICK1 JU/ SICK40 ,& ! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESS1 ,PROTECTOR ( ! $UCAT$ & 9=M$ PUBLIC 9DISP5SABLE TO ANY DEMOCRACY1 OBLIG+LY GAVE FRONT PAGE ACC\NTS DESCRIB+ EV]Y PHASE ( ! ,CELEBRITY'S ILLNESS4 ,:5 ! MOVIE ACTOR ,CL>K ,GABLE DI$1 ,DIRECTORS & ,ASSI/ANT-,DIRECTORS ALL OV] ! C\NTRY 0FELT GLUM40 ,TRAPP$ BY !IR FIL+-CAB9ET WORLD1 ! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE DO !IR 0LIV+0 BY MEANS ( TELEVISION & ! MOVIES4 ,!Y LIVE BY PROXY2 ,M>LON ,BR&O DOES ! 0LIV+0 = HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( M9OR EXECUTIVES & !IR ASSI/ANTS4 ,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS1 ,ADV]TIS+ & ,COMMUNICATIONS M5 MOLD ! IDEAS & IDEALS ( ! ,MASSES 9 ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE ,HI]>*Y4 

,A ,BUREAUCRACY IS ALWAYS A DISGUIS$ S]VILITY TO ! /ATUS QUO4 ,A BUREAUCRAT'S GREATE/ FE> IS A *ANGE ( SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 AL?\< A *ANGE AT ! TOP IS IRRELEVANT TO HIM4 ,PR$ICTABILITY1 ,REGUL>ITY1 & ,SECURITY >E ! ABSOLUTE LIMITS ( ! ADM9I/RATOR'S LIFE1 & ANY SOCIAL *ANGE 9EVITABLY ?REAT5S ALL ?REE4 ,A MAN :O HAS SP5T HIS LIFE 0WORK+ HIS WAY UP0 CANNOT CONCEIVE ?AT ! SLOT HE HAS BE5 AIM+ TO REA* MI<T BE ABOLI%$ OR REPLAC$4 ,HE W\LD !N BE NO?+4 ,! BUREAUCRACY REQUIRES NO TAL5TS & PROVIDES NO TRA9+4 ,A MANAG]'S ONLY CLAIM TO RELEVANCE IS HIS TITLE4 ,?AT ! SY/EM ( TITLES & RANKS C\LD BE ABOLI%$ IS 9CONCEIVABLE TO HIM3 ?AT W\LD BE ! 5D ( ! WORLD4 ,! FACT ?AT ! 5TIRE HI]>*Y EXI/S TO MA9TA9 ! WEAL? & PRIVILEGE ( M5 :O >E NOT !MSELVES )9 ! HI]>*Y--?IS FACT CANNOT P5ETRATE ! ADM9I/RATIVE M9D )\T %ATT]+ IT4 ,COMMUNICATION ON !SE MATT]S IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BUREAUCRACY MU/ BE SE5 AS P>T ( ! ORD] ( NATURE1 AS SOME?+ ?AT HAS ALWAYS BE5 & WILL ALWAYS BE4 ,! ,:ITE ,COLL> MAN WILL BE LOYAL TO :OEV] PROTECTS ! REGUL>ITY1 ! R\T9E1 ! CEASELESS MONOTONY1 ( HIS C>E]4 ,! SUBJECT MATT] ( ! =MS IS IRRELEVANT1 SO LONG AS ! FIL+ SY/EM REMA9S ! SAME4 ,! PURPOSE ( ! 5TIRE 9/ITUTION IS IRRELEVANT1 SO LONG AS ! RANKS REMA9 UN*ANG$4 ,! ,:ITE ,COLL> PEOPLE W\LD ACCEPT ANY REGIME SO LONG AS !IR 09DISP5SABILITY0 WAS RECOGNIZ$4 ,AMONG REGIMES1 H[EV]1 !IR PREF]5CE IS DECID$LY 9 FAVOR ( SOME =M ( MILIT>Y FASCISM4 ,! ,W,TIITE ,COLL> PEOPLE W]E ,HITL]'S MO/ 5?USIA/IC SUPPORT]S4 ,9 ,NAZI ,G]MANY !Y NOT ONLY HAD !IR RANK-SY/EM 5SUR$ BY A MILIT>Y REGIM5TATION ( ALL SOCIETY2 !Y ALSO HAD A REAL-LIFE COMIC /RIP H]O :OSE LUNACY !Y C\LD APE1 ?R\< :OM ! SMALLE/ CL]K C\LD 0LIVE0 & FEEL P[]FUL 5\< TO DE/ROY ! WORLD4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 VE/IGES ( AN E>LI] 5TREPR5EURIAL CAPITALISM /ILL S5D OCCASIONAL ANXIETY ?R\< ! ,:ITE ,COLL> WORLD4 ,BUT ! CONSOLIDATION ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW CORPORATIONS1 ! 9CREAS+ MILIT>IZATION ( ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY1 & ! GR[? ( ! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY1 >E EFFECTIVELY GIV+ ! ,MANAG]S ! TYPE ( ,SECURITY !Y DESIRE4 

0,I DO NOT WANT AN ECONOMIC SY/EM SO GROSSLY 9EFFICI5T ?AT1 AT ITS MO/ EFFICI5T--9 ! ,U4,S41 ) EV]Y *ILD BOM TO AB\T FIVE HUNDR$ TIMES ! NATURAL RES\RCES A ,EUROPEAN *ILD IS HEIR TO--IT CAN A*IEVE ONLY TWICE ! ,EUROPEAN /&>D ( LIV+1 & !N ONLY AT ! CO/ ( EXCLUD+ ?REE OR F\R MILLION CITIZ5S FROM WORK & SP5D+ OV] HALF ! GOV]NM5T'S 9COME ON LE?AL IRONMONG]Y10.<#b#b#d.> WROTE ,$W>D ,HYAMS4 ,9 ,M>* #a#i#f#a1 ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL GOV]NM5T /ATI/ICS1 FIVE & A HALF MILLION CITIZ5S W]E EXCLUD$ FROM WORK1.<#b#b#e.> & ! EXP5DITURE ON LE?AL IRONMONG]Y CONT9U$ EXCE$+ ALL PREVI\S B\NDS4 ,! GOV]NM5T'S C\NT ( ?OSE EXCLUD$ FROM WORK WAS *ALL5G$ 9 MANY QU>T]S4 ,A ,MON?LY ,REVIEW $ITORIAL PO9T$ \T ?AT 0! GOV]NM5T C\NTS AS UNEMPLOY$ ONLY ?OSE :O >E 7A7 )\T ANY WORK AT ALL & 7B7 ACTIVELY LOOK+ = A JOB4 ,H5CE ITS FIGURE LEAVES 5TIRELY \T ( ACC\NT ?OSE :O >E 9VOLUNT>ILY IDLE A P>T ( ! TIME & ?OSE :O W\LD LIKE A JOB BUT >E NOT LOOK+ = ONE 7USUALLY BECAUSE !Y KN[ FROM !IR [N & O!RS' EXP]I5CE ?AT !RE IS NONE TO BE HAD74 ,IT IS NOT C]TA9 JU/ H[ MU* %\LD BE ADD$ TO ! (FICIAL FIGURE TO MAKE GOOD !SE OMISSIONS1 BUT A C>EFUL /UDY MADE BY ,PHILIP ,$51 ECONOMI/ = ! ,WE/ ,COA/ LONG%ORE UNION1 LEAVES NO D\BT ?AT ! NE$$ ADJU/M5T IS BO? ABSOLUTELY & RELATIVELY L>GE40.<#b#b#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO ! ADJU/$ FIGURE1 !RE W]E MORE 

?AN EI<T MILLION UNEMPLOY$ CITIZ5S -- :I* IS ( ! LABOR =CE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 0) EV]Y *ILD BOM TO AB\T FIVE HUNDR$ TIMES ! NATURAL RES\RCES A ,EUROPEAN *ILD IS HEIR TO10 MORE ?AN ONE \T ( T5 PEOPLE W]E EXCLUD$ FROM WORK4 ,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#f1 ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL FIGURES1 ! P]C5TAGE ( :ITE CITIZ5S EXCLUD$ FROM WORK WAS SLI<TLY LESS ?AN #f.02 ( NON:ITE CITIZ5S1 #a#b.04 0,AMONG NON:ITES ! UNEMPLOYM5T RATE IS ?US TWICE AS HI< AS AMONG :ITES10 COMM5T$ ! ,MON?LY ,REVIEW $ITORIAL4 0,:AT A SPL5DID ADV]TISEM5T = ! AFFLU5T SOCIETY 9 A PR$OM9ANTLY COLOR$ WORLD60.<#b#b#g.> 

,S9CE #a#i#d#f1 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WORK]S >E TOLD1 ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY HAS BE5 FOLL[+ A 0FULL EMPLOYM5T0 POLICY4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT ! WORK]S :O 9T]PRET ! LAWS 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,! ,EMPLOYM5T ,ACT ( #aidf IS IMPLEM5T$ BY BUS9ESSM5--BIG1 CORPORATE BUS9ESSM54 ,AS 9T]PRET$ BY ! M5 :O RUN ! GOV]NM5T1 ! ,EMPLOYM5T ,ACT DOESN'T REALLY SAY ANY?+3 IT SPEAKS ( MAXIMUM EMPLOYM5T 09 A MANN] CALCULAT$ TO FO/] & PROMOTE FREE COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISE40 ,S9CE 0FREE COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISE0 IS ! POLITE NAME GIV5 TO CORPORATE PRACTICE1 ! LAW IS UNNECESS>Y4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS ALWAYS ACT$ 09 A MANN] CALCULAT$ TO FO/] & PROMOTE FREE COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISE40 ,OBVI\SLY FULL EMPLOYM5T W\LD NOT 0FO/] & PROMOTE0 ?IS IDEAL4 ,9 #a#i#e#b1 !RE W]E TWO MILLION PEOPLE )\T WORK 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,PAUL ,B>AN QUOT$ A FRANK /ATEM5T FROM ,BUS9ESS ,WEEK :I* VIVIDLY DEMON/RATES H[ ! CORPORATE BUS9ESSM5 DISLIKE SU* 0L[0 UNEMPLOYM5T3 0,UNEMPLOYM5T REMA9S TOO L[ = ! WORK =CE TO HAVE FLEXIBILITY4 ,ANYTIME ! JOBLESS TOTAL IS LESS ?AN #b MILLION1 EV5 COMMON LABOR IS SC>CE4 ,MANY EMPLOY]S MU/ T5D TO HO>D SKILLS4 ,& C]TA9LY1 ! LABOR UNIONS >E 9 ! DRIV]'S SEAT 9 WAGE NEGOTIATIONS4 ,MORE WORK]S CAN BE HAD1 TO BE SURE4 ,BUT ONLY AT CONSID]ABLE CO/4 ,& !Y PROBABLY W\LDN'T BE ( ! SKILLS MO/ DESIR$4 ,!RE'S NO ASSURANCE AGA9/ 9FLATION LIKE A POOL ( G5U9E UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,?AT'S A BLUNT1 H>D-HEAD$ /ATEM5T1 BUT A FACT40.<#b#b#h.> ,9 #a#i#f#a1 ! BUS9ESSM5 GOT !IR ) A 0POOL ( G5U9E UNEMPLOYM5T0 CONTA9+ EI<T MILLION PEOPLE 0CALCULAT$ TO FO/] & PROMOTE FREE COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISE40 ,CLE>LY1 ! ,EMPLOYM5T ,ACT DOES NOT MEAN :AT ! POOR READ 9TO IT2 ! ,LAW IS NOT DESIGN$ TO UPSET ! /ATUS QUO1 BUT TO MA9TA9 IT2 :5 0UNEMPLOYM5T REMA9S TOO L[ = ! WORK =CE TO HAVE FLEXIBILITY10 IT IS NOT CONSI/5T ) 0FREE COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISE40 ,AS ! SATIRI/ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION WROTE 9 #a#g#h#h1 0DEBTORS MI<T SAFELY TRU/ TO ! HUMANITY & CLEM5CY ( !IR CR$ITORS :O WILL NOT KEEP !M 9 JAIL ALL !IR LIVES1 UNLESS !Y DES]VE IT4444 ,M5 ( GREAT PROP]TY >E DEEPLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! WELF>E ( ! /ATE2 & !Y >E ! MO/ COMPET5T JUDGES ( ! =M ( GOV]NM5T1 BE/ CALCULAT$ TO PRES]VE !IR PROP]TY1 & SU* LIB]TIES AS IT IS PROP] = ! COMMON & 9F]IOR CLASS ( PEOPLE TO 5JOY40.<#b#b#i.> 

,= ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]1 ! 0FREE COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISE0 ( ! CORPORATIONS MEANS CON/ANT ANXIETY1 9TELLECTUAL & PSY*IC FRAGM5TATION1 & 9COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T4 ,! CON/ANT ?REAT ( UNEMPLOYM5T IS ACCOMPANI$ BY CON/ANT PECUNI>Y ANXIETY4 ,A MAN BESET ) R5TS1 BILLS1 FOOD EXP5DITURES1 AUTOMOBILE MA9T5ANCE1 & CONT+5CIES ) NO 5D1 DOES NOT HAVE ! CONDITIONS REQUIR$ = CREATIVE CONTEMPLATION OR 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,UNLESS HE IS V]Y UNUSUAL1 HIS CIRCUM/ANCES WILL NOT P]MIT HIM TO SEEK TO EXT5D ! FRONTI]S ( HUMAN KN[L$GE1 OR TO DEVISE PROJECTS = COMMUNITY P>TICIPATION4 ,IF HE HAS TIME-(F1 HE WILL SEEK TO =GET ! R5TS1 BILLS & CONT+5CIES1 & ! BE/ WAY TO =GET IS TO IMM]SE HIMSELF 9 M9DLESS ACTIVITY4 ,! ,CONY ,ISL&S ( ! CORPORATE WORLD >E ! EPITOME ( M9DLESSNESS AVAILABLE TO ANXIETY-RIDD5 M5 TRY+ FRANTICALLY TO =GET !Y HAVE NO CONTROL OV] !IR LIVES4 ,IF ! WORK]'S H\RS >E %ORT5$1 HE WILL SEEK TO LESS5 ! ANXIETY ( R5TS1 BILLS1 CONT+5CIES1 BY GETT+ AN ADDITIONAL JOB & SP5D+ HIS LIFE 9 5DLESS ACCUMULATION = 09 CASE40 ,MONEY IS MADE ! CONDITION = SURVIVAL1 & !N WORK]S CONC]N$ ) SURVIVAL >E R\NDLY CONDEMN$ = !IR LACK ( O!R 9T]E/S BY ! RI* :O HAVE NO NE$ TO BE CONC]N$4 ,TO SURVIVE1 A WORK] MU/ HAVE A 0JOB0 & EA* 0JOB0 REQUIRES A 0SKILL40 ,9 ORD] TO HAVE A 0SKILL10 A WORK] MU/ HAVE SP5T A PORTION ( HIS LIFE PU%+1 PULL+1 PRESS+1 /AMP+1 FIL+1 %AK+4444 ,?OSE :O HAVE NO 0SKILL0 >E NOT EXT]M9AT$ 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY3 !Y >E ALL[$ TO LIVE & SLEEP ON ! SIDEWALKS & DOORWAYS ( ! ,B[]YS & ! ,SKID ,R[S ( ! CITIES4 ,IT IS ! 0SKILL0 ?AT DEF9ES ! HUMANITY ( A WORK]2 )\T IT1 HE'S AN ANIMAL1 AS USELESS TO HIMSELF AS TO ! CORPORATE MA/]S4 ,IT IS ! 0SKILL0 ?AT MAKES A WORK] SOMEONE AT ! EMPLOYM5T (FICES3 !RE A MAN IS NOT ASK$ AB\T HIS IDEALS1 HIS GOALS1 HIS PROJECTS2 HE IS ASK$ 0:AT'S Y\R SKILL80 ,9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ,SOCRATES W\LD BE DOOM$ TO SPEAK TO ! DRUNK5 WRET*ES ( ! ,B[]Y4 ,SOCRATES DID NOT HAVE :AT ! EMPLOYM5T (FICES CONSID] A 0USEFUL SKILL40 ,! DEVELOP$ HUMAN BE+ CANNOT SURVIVE 9 ! WORLD ( SKILL$ EMPLOYES4 ,ONLY ?OSE :O SUCCESSFULLY TRANS=M !MSELVES 9TO 0H&S0 CAN SURVIVE4 ,! MO/ EMPLOYABLE WORK] IS ! ONE :O HAS DEVOT$ HIS LIFE TO ONE 0SKILL10 & :O HAS EFFECTIVELY SUPPRESS$ HIS 9TELLECT & IMAG9ATION TO ! PO9T ( BE+ ABLE TO PUT UP ) ! DRUDG]Y & BOR$OM ( ! ONE-SKILL LIFE4 

,! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL1 H[EV]1 BY MEANS ( ! 0FREE PRESS10 9=MS ! WORLD ?AT ,AM]ICA IS A 0,PEOPLE'S ,CAPITALISM10 & ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 0HAS COME CLOSE/ TO A DEMOCRATIC1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY4440.<#b#c.> & SO ON4 ,9 %ORT1 ,EV]YONE HAS A ,%>E 9 ,PEOPLE'S ,CAPITALISM1 ,AM]ICA IS A ,%>EHOLD]'S ,DEMOCRACY1 &1 IF IT W]5'T = ! UNIONS & !IR CON/ANT GRASP+ = BIGG] ,H&\TS1 ,AM]ICA W\LD BE ,P>ADISE4 ,H[EV]1 ACCORD+ TO ! #aiec ,ECONOMIC ,REPORT ( ! ,PRESID5T TO ,CONGRESS1 0AV]AGE H\RLY E>N+S 9 MANUFACTUR+1 ADJU/$ = CONSUM]S' PRICE *ANGES1 HAVE NOT RIS5 FA/] ?AN ! ECONOMY'S REAL PRODUCTIVITY GA9S1 BUT 9/EAD APP>5TLY HAVE LAGG$ SIGNIFICANTLY40.<#b#c#a.> 

,9 O!R WORDS1 9 SPITE ( !IR 5DLESS GRASP+1 ! UNIONS HAVE NOT EV5 SUCCE$$ 9 MA9TA9+ !IR MEMB]S' %>E ( ! WEAL?2 !Y'VE LET IT GET SMALL]4 ,BUT ! PR(ITS (! ,HOLD]S DON'T GET SMALL]3 !Y'VE BE5 GO+ UPHILL S9CE #a#g#h#g4 ,& NOT ALL ! #ah MILLION ,AM]ICANS >E ,%>EHOLD]S1 NOR DO ! RELATIVELY L>GE NUMB] ( ,%>EHOLD]S [N A SIGNIFICANT NUMB] ( %>ES4 ,PAUL ,B>AN QUOT$ A ,BROOK+S ,9/ITUTE /UDY ON ,%>E ,[N]%IP :I* CONTA9$ ! FOLL[+ /ATI/ICS3 0444#b4#c P]C5T ( ALL /OCKHOLD]S 9 MANUFACTUR+ CORPORATIONS ACC\NT = #eg P]C5T ( ! TOTAL NUMB] ( ?OSE CORPORATIONS' %>ES4 ,9 ! FIELD ( PUBLIC UTILITIES #a P]C5T ( %>EHOLD]S [N #df P]C5T ( ALL %>ES4 ,9 F9ANCE & 9VE/M5T #c P]C5T ( %>EHOLD]S CONTROL #ec P]C5T ( ! NUMB] ( %>ES1 & 9 TRANSPORTATION #a4#e P]C5T ( %>EHOLD]S HOLD #ef P]C5T ( /OCK40.<#b#c#b.> ,?US ! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL WAS FIBB+2 ITS ACC\NT ( ! 0DEMOCRATIC1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY0 WAS NEI!R HI/ORY1 NOR SCI5CE1 NOR TRU?4 ,BUT ADV]TIZ]S WILL BE ! FIR/ TO ADMIT ?AT CORPORATIONS W\LD NOT HIRE !M IF !Y DEALT ) HI/ORY1 OR SCI5CE1 OR TRU?4 ,ANY ADV]TIZ] 0:O W\LD BE SO FOOLI% AS TO WRITE HIS HONE/ OP9IONS W\LD BE \T ON ! /REETS LOOK+ = ANO!R JOB40.<#b#c#c.> ,IF SU* DEM&S W]E MADE ( ADV]TIZ]S1 UNEMPLOYM5T W\LD RISE YET HI<]4 

,! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL'S 0DEMOCRATIC1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY0 IS AN UNDEMOCRATIC CLASS SOCIETY4 ,IF ,AM]ICA IS A ,%>EHOLD]'S ,DEMOCRACY1 !N IT HAS A F> SMALL] PROPORTION ( ,CITIZ5S ?AN ANCI5T ,A!NS1 :I* WAS A SLAVE SOCIETY4 ,LESS ?AN #d.0 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES POPULATION [N %>ES1.<#b#c#d.> & ( ?IS F\R P]C5T1 LESS ?AN ?REE P]C5T [N A TREM5D\SLY L>GE PROPORTION ( ! %>ES4 ,AT ?IS RATE ! MOD]N ,A!NS ?AT CALLS ITSELF A ,%>EHOLD]'S ,DEMOCRACY CAN ONLY BOA/ ?AT ONE \T ( EV]Y #ge MEMB]S ( ITS POPULATION IS A ,CITIZ54 ,! 0DEMOCRATIC1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY0 & ! ,%>EHOLD]'S ,DEMOCRACY0 CANNOT /& TO BE SCRUT9IZ$4 ,SCRUT9Y TAKES PATI5CE1 EF=T & TIME4 ,IT IS F> EASI] = AN ADV]TIZ] TO MAKE CLAIMS ?AN = A S*OL> TO DISPROVE !M4 ,! ADV]TIZ] HAS M]ELY TO SAY SO1 & IT IS SO4 ,! S*OL> MU/ SP5D YE>S ( /UDY1 ?\<T & ANALYSIS TO SAY IT IS NOT SO--& !N HE'S NOT AS WELL REW>D$1 IF REW>D$ AT ALL4 

,! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,P>ADISE IS HEAV5LY ONLY = ! *OS5 FEW :O1 ?R\< ! GRACE ( ,MAMMON1 W]E HOI/$ UP 9TO ,$5 AT SOME HI/ORICAL PO9T4 ,?IS G>D51 TOO1 IS CONF9$ TO ?OSE :OM ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY CALL$ ! 0,ADAMS ( ! E>?40 ,= ! RE/-- ?OSE :OM ,HAMILTON CALL$ 0! MASS ( MANK9D0--,HEAV5 /ILL LIES 9 ! GRAVE4 ,9 A REC5T /UDY1 ,LEO ,HUB]MAN COMP>$ SOME SIGNIFICANT /ATI/ICS AB\T ! UNHEAV5LY CIRCUM/ANCES MO/ PEOPLE >E BORN TO 9 0,PEOPLE'S ,CAPITALISM40 ,!RE >E A FEW ,ADAMS 9 ,AM]ICA :O >E BILLIONAIRES3 ?AT IS1 !RE >E A FEW M5 :OSE P]SONAL 9COMES >E GREAT] ?AN ! TOTAL VALUE ( ALL PROP]TY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AT ! TIME ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,!SE >E ! HEIRS ( 0FIVE HUNDR$ TIMES ! NATURAL RES\RCES A ,EUROPEAN *ILD IS HEIR TO10 ,& YET1 ONE ?IRD ( ALL ,AM]ICAN FAMILIES RECEIVE 9COMES ( LESS ?AN @s#d1 & ONE F\R?1 LESS ?AN @s#c140.<#b#c#e.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,=TUNE MAGAZ9E1 0FAMILIES ) AFT]-TAX 9COMES UND] @s#d >E OBLIG$ TO SP5D JU/ AB\T EV]Y?+ ON ! NECESSITIES ( FOOD1 CLO?+1 %ELT]1 TRANSPORTATION1 & M$ICAL C>E40.<#b#c#f.> ,CONSEQU5DY1 :ILE WEAL?Y ,ADAMS DRESS & KEEP !IR G>D5 ( ,$51 ! O!R 0CREATURES0 CRAWL FROM SLUM TO SLUM4 ,HUB]MAN QUOT$ ! FOLL[+ FROM ! $ITOR ( ,! ,H\S+ ,YE>BOOK3 0,NEW SLUM >EAS >E F\ND 9 EV]Y L>GE CITY4 ,FAMILIES DISPLAC$ BY SLUM CLE>ANCE HAVE TO MOVE ELSE:]E1 & ,CONGRESS SEES TO IT ?AT !RE ISN'T 5\< L[-R5T PUBLIC H\S+ = !M4 ,SO !Y GO 9TO ! BIG OLD H\SES ( ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ) A DOZ5 FAMILIES OCCUPY+ SPACE DESIGN$ = A S+LE H\SEHOLD4 ,OR !Y F9D %ODDILY BUILT LITTLE H\SES ON A #b#e-LOOT LOT40.<#b#c#g.> ,& A ,WE/ ,VIRG9IA ,CONGRESSMAN1 REPRES5TATIVE OT A 0DI/RESS$ >EA0 \TSIDE ( ,$51 SAID 9 #a#i#e#i3 0,9 >EAS ( *RONIC UNEMPLOYM5T ,I HAVE TALK$ ) FAMILIES :O HAVE NOT HAD FRE% MILK1 EGGS1 MEAT1 OR CITRUS JUICES = P]IODS RANG+ UP TO #b YE>S4 ,!SE ,AM]ICANS ACTUALLY EXI/ ON A DIET LESS ?AN HALF AS NUTRITIVE AS ?AT PROVID$ = ! OCCUPANTS ( DISPLAC$ P]SONS CAMPS 9 ,EUROPE AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I40.<#b#c#h.> ,! ORIG9AL ,LORD HAD GIV5 ! ,ADAMS DOM9ION OV] ALL O!R CREATURES2 ,HE HAD1 H[EV]1 MADE ! FOLL[+ PROVISO3 0,( EV]Y TREE ( ! G>D5 ?\ MAYE/ FREELY EAT2 BUT ( ! TREE ( ! KN[L$GE ( GOOD & EVIL1 ?\ %ALT NOT EAT ( IT2 = 9 ! DAY ?AT ?\ EATE/ !RE( ?\ %ALT SURELY DIE40 ,& BETWE5 TW5TY- F\R & TW5TY-N9E C5TURIES LAT]1 ! ,DIGG]1 ,W9/ANLEY1 AMPLIFI$ ! ,LORD'S SAY+ 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS3 0,O Y\ ,ADAMS ( ! E>?1 Y\ HAVE RI* CLO?+1 FULL BELLIES4444 ,BUT KN[444 ?AT ! DAY ( JUDGM5T IS BEGUN4444 ,! POOR PEOPLE :OM ?\ OPPRESSES %ALL BE ! SAVIORS ( ! L&40 

,! NEW ,ADAMS HAVE NOT BE5 UNM9DFUL ( OLD ,JEHOVAH'S W>N+2 ) ! HELP ( ,MAMMON !Y HAVE CONV]T$ ,$5 9TO A ,CRY/AL ,PALACE ) FLOORS ( ASPHALT & CONCRETE1 WALLS ( /EEL & GLASS4 ,! TREE ( ! KN[L$GE ( GOOD & EVIL CANNOT GR[ ON GLASS1 /EEL & CONCRETE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! ,ADAMS WILL NOT EAT FROM ! TREE1 & !Y WILL NOT DIE FROM !IR KN[L$GE ( GOOD & EVIL4 ,!Y WILL P]HAPS /IFLE FROM ! LACK ( E>? & AIR & M51 BUT !Y WILL NOT DIE FROM KN[L$GE4 ,ON !IR ,P>K ,AV5UE1 ! ,CORPORATE ,ADAMS HAVE CONF9$ ! E>? TO A 0P>K0 :I* SEP>ATES TWO ASPHALT ROADWAYS-- ! 0P>K10 9 ,P]CIVAL ,GOODMAN'S MEASUREM5TS1 0CONSI/S ( LITTLE ISL&S #a#f' WIDE40 ,ON ! F> SIDES ( ! ASPHALT /& ! MONUM5TS :I* ADV]TISE ! CORPORATE PRODUCTS3 :ISKEY1 SOAP1 MONEY4444 ,& 9SIDE1 0PEOPLE 9 ! ?\S&S SIT 9 ME*ANICALLY CONTROLL$ ATMOSPH]ES H&L+ 5DLESS PIECES ( PAP]4 ,9 ! HU%$ QUIET ( AC\/ICALLY TREAT$ SPACES1 !Y TALK TO A V>IETY ( 9/RUM5TS FROM SILK5 BLONDS TO BLACK TELEPHONES4 ,9 !SE GREAT AQU>IA1 SPORTSM5 FI% 9 /5OGRAPHIC POOLS4 ,MO/ EV]Y?+ IS BRITTLE1 TRANSP>5T1 BRI<TLY LI<T$1 9VISIBLY OP]AT$1 SYN!TIC4 ,BUT ! C>PETS >E DEEP1 S(T TO ! SPIK$ HEELS & EXT5D$ 5DLESSLY FROM WALL TO WALL4 ,\TSIDE ! TRA9S RUMBLE UND]GR\ND & ON ! /REET NO ONE WANTS TO L+]4 ,! %>DS ( GLASS >E PAP] ?940.<#b#c#i.> ,! >*ITECTURAL ADV]TIS+ 9 ! ,EMPIRE ,CITY GR[S ) UNPREC$5T$ SPE$3 ! CO/ ( ! CORPORATE %O:\SES ON ,P>K ,AV5UE REPRES5TS POT5TIAL H\S+ = MILLIONS ( HOMELESS ,9DIANS4 ,LOOK+ AT ! WORLD FROM AIR-CONDITION$ ROOMS ?R\< /EEL-L9$ PANES ( GLASS1 H[EV]1 ! *OS5 ONES >E NOT LIKELY TO DISCOV] !IR RELATION TO ! BURN+ HEAT \TSIDE4 ,TO !M1 ! ,NEW ,FRE$OM IS REAL4 ,NOT ONLY HAVE !Y BE5 ASSUR$ F9ANCIAL 0SECURITY10 F> MORE LUCRATIVE ?AN WAS 5JOY$ BY ! ,KRUPPS & ,F>B5S ( ! E>LI] ,NAZI V]SION ( A CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,! ,NEW ,WORLD'S ,ADAMS HAVE ALSO /REAML9$ !IR MANIPULATIVE TE*NIQUES TO HEI<TS NEV] REA*$ BE=E4 ,ROB]T ,JUNGK1 A ,G]MAN J\RNALI/ FAMILI> AT FIR/-H& ) ! ,NAZI V]SION ( ! NATION ( OB$I5T S]VANTS1 WAS A/\ND$ BY ! EXT5T & DIRECTION ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN PROGRESS 9 MANIPULATION4 ,9 A BOOK 5TITL$ ,TOMORR[ ,IS ,ALREADY ,H]E1 ,JUNGK DESCRIB$1 NOT ! POLICE BRUTALITY1 ! POLITICAL P]SECUTIONS1 OR ! O!R EXTREME SITUATIONS :I* >E LOCALIZ$ 9 >EA & RE/RICT$ TO FEW PEOPLE1 BUT ! SUBDE1 WIDESPREAD PH5OM5A1 ! LITTLE ?+S ) :I* EV]Y WORK] IS FAMILI>3 0444! F> MORE 9NOC5T & E?ICALLY UNOBJECTIONABLE TE*NIQUES ( C\NSEL+1 ! PUBLIC OP9ION POLLS & ! PROMOTION ( HAPPY 9DU/RIAL RELATIONS1 HAVE 9DIRECT EFFECTS ALL TOO REM9ISC5T ( SIMIL> PH5OM5A 9 ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATES4 ,KN[+ ?AT BE=E & DUR+ !IR EMPLOYM5T !Y >E BE+ WAT*$ BY PEOPLE 9 :OSE H&S LIES !IR ECONOMIC FATE1 MANY :O WI% TO KEEP !IR JOBS SPEAK 9 A WAY ?AT DOES NOT REFLECT !IR TRUE FEEL+S4 

0,MILLIONS ( ,AM]ICANS1 AS SOON AS !Y CROSS ! ?RE%OLD ( !IR PLACE ( WORK /EP1 P>TLY CONSCI\SLY1 P>TLY UNCONSCI\SLY1 9TO ROLES :I* CORRESPOND TO :AT ! S\L 5G9E]S EXPECT ( !M4 ,!Y >E HAPPY1 & 'KEEP SMIL+' EV5 :5 !Y DO NOT FEEL SO 9CL9$4 ,!Y ACT AS ?\< !Y W]E 'WELL BALANC$' & 'P]FECDY NORMAL' EV5 :5 !Y HAVE A TREM5D\S URGE TO KICK OV] ! TRACES4 ,!Y /RA9 EV]Y FIB] TO SUPPRESS !IR NATURAL AGGRESSIV5ESS & TO BE 'GOOD COMPANIONS' ) :OM EV]YONE EASILY GETS ALONG1 EV5 :5 !Y W\LD LIKE TO BREAK 9TO L\D CURSES AT ! NEXT DESK4 ,& ABOVE ALL !Y BEHAVE AS ?\< !Y W]E LOYAL TO ! FIRM ?R\< ?ICK & ?91 EV5 IF !Y F9D MORE TO CRITICIZE 9 IT ?AN TO PRAISE4 

0,?IS /&>D MASK (! 'JOLLY GOOD FELL['1 (! 'EASY GO+ GUY'1 ( ! 'SWEET GIRL'1 GR[S ON TO SOME ( !M AS A SECOND FACE4444'0.<#b#d.> 

,! UPKEEP ( ! ,CRY/AL ,PALACE1 ITS MA/]S1 & ITS 0S\L 5G9E]S10 IS AN EXP5SIVE PROPOSITION1 & ! TOLL IS NOT CONF9$ TO ! 0NATIVES0 ( ,ASIA1 ,AFRICA & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,! CITIES ( ! CORPORATE P>ADISE ALSO CONTA9 UNPRIVILEG$ 0NATIVES40 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,*AIRMAN ( ! ,CITY & ,REGIONAL ,PLANN+ ,DEPT1 AT ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY1 0,DESPITE ALL EF=TS BE+ MADE BY PUBLIC & PRIVATE 5T]PRISE1 CITIES >E DET]IORAT+ AT A FA/] RATE ?AN !Y >E BE+ R5EW$ ?R\< NEW CON/RUCTION1 REPAIR OR MA9T5ANCE4 ,NOT ONE CITY IS KN[N TO HAVE A PROGRAM SO COMPLETE AS TO BE ABLE TO R5EW AT EV5 ! SAME RATE ?AT ITS DET]IORATION TAKES PLACE40.<#b#d#a.> ,MILLIONS ( 9COMPLETE1 MANIPULAT$1 FACELESS M51 EA* ) HIS 0SKILL10 TRAVEL OB$I5TLY ?R\< UND]GR\ND TUNNELS FROM ! SLUMS 9 :I* !Y LIVE TO ! FACTORIES OR AIR-CONDITION$ ROOMS 9 :I* !Y WORK ,P]HAPS !Y >E DEAD4 ,MAYBE !Y >E ONLY ASLEEP1 & MAYBE :5 !Y WAKE & REALIZE !Y'VE BE5 ROBB$ ( !IR HUMANITY1 !Y WILL NOT WAIT = !IR BIR?RI<T UNTIL ! DAY :5 !IR MA/]S EAT FROM ! TREE ( ! KN[L$GE ( GOOD & EVIL4 

 "9"9"9 

,! ,CRY/AL ,PALACE1 ) ! SLUMS ?AT H\SE ITS W9D[-CLEAN]S1 ITS UNSKILL$ WORK]S1 ITS \TCA/S1 IS NOT SELF-SU/A9+4 ,A WORLD-WIDE PROLET>IAT SUPPORTS ! LUXURI\S SKYSCRAP]S ALONG ,P>K ,AV5UE4 ,?IS SYMBIOTIC RELATION%IP BETWE5 DOME/IC WEAL? & EXT]NAL MIS]Y WAS KE5LY UND]/OOD BY AN E>LY ADVOCATE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 :O 9 #a<g URG$ HIS C\NTRYM5 TO ADOPT ! DOCUM5T SO ?AT 0,! SPOILS ( ! ,WE/-,9DIES & ,S\? ,AM]ICA MAY 5RI* ! NEXT G5]ATION ( ,C9C9NATI40.<#b#d#b.> ,ACCORD+ TO 0A ,DISCUSSION ,PREP>$ = ,LEAD]S ( ,AM]ICAN ,9DU/RY0 BY ?REE ,UNIT$ ,/ATES SCI5TI/S1 0,AT ONE 5D ( ! ECONOMIC SCALE WE F9D ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 REPRES5T+ BUT #f P]C5T ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION1 ABLE1 L>GELY AS ! RESULT ( ! HI< LEVEL ( 9DU/RIALIZATION & ! ABUNDANT RES\RCES ) :I* ! L& WAS ORIG9ALLY 5D[$1 TO CONSUME AB\T #e P]C5T ( ! GOODS PRODUC$ 9 ! WORLD40.<#b#d#c.> ,& A ,BRITI% SCI5TI/,J4,D4 ,B]NAL1 HAS E/IMAT$ ?AT ! CAPITALI/S :O CONSUME HALF ! WORLD'S SPOILS1 C\LD EASILY UND]TAKE TO FE$1 H\SE & $UCATE ! MILLIONS :OSE SACRIFIC$ LIVES >E DISPLAY$ ON ,P>K ,AV5UE4 0,! GREAT MONOPOLIES ?AT DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY CONTROL ! :OLE ( CAPITALI/ 9DU/RY HAVE AMPLE MEANS FROM !IR 9T]NAL RES]VES NOT ONLY TO REMODEL BUT VA/LY TO EXT5D !IR PRODUCTION SO AS TO BE ABLE TO PROVIDE 5\< = ! :OLE RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,!Y C\LD EASILY F9ANCE ! 9DU/RIAL IZATION ( ALL ! UND]DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES4440.<#b#d#d.> ,IF !Y *OSE TO DO SO4 ,B]NAL IS WELL AW>E1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! B5EFICI>IES ( HALF ! WORLD'S WEAL? >E 9T]E/$ 9 PR(ITS1 NOT 9 WORLD WELLBE+4 0,9EXORABLY1 ALL !IR ACTIVITY--! VOLUME ( PRODUCTION1 ! RATE ( CAPITAL 9VE/M5T1 ! FL[ ( DEVELOPM5T & RESE>*--IS AT ! M]CY ( ! /ATE ( ! M>KET & ! E/IMATES ( PR(IT M>G9S4 ,IT W\LD SEEM ON ! FACE ( IT ?AT !RE WAS SOME?+ RADICALLY WRONG H]E4 ,! NEW SCI5TIFIC1 PRODUCTIVE MA*9E HAS ALREADY \TGR[N ! F9ANCIAL SY/EM ?AT FIR/ BR\<T IT 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,IF WE HAVE BIGG] CAPACITY ?AN WE HAD DREAM$ ( BE=E1 WE MU/ HAVE BIGG] AIMS4 ,! OBJECTS ( PR(ITS1 EV5 BIG CORPORATION PR(ITS1 >E TRIVIAL COMP>$ TO ! REAL B5EFITS MEASUR$ 9 HUMAN WELLBE+1 ?AT C\LD BE P\R$ \T IF ! NEW ME?ODS W]E ALL[$ TO BE FREELY US$ & DEVELOP$ AT EV]GR[+ RATE4 ,IF ?IS CANNOT BE DONE BECAUSE ( ! LAWS ( ECONOMICS1 !N IT IS AB\T TIME ?OSE LAWS W]E LOOK$ 9TO4 ,PEOPLE >E ASK+ IF !Y >E REALLY LAWS ( ,NATURE OR CONV5TIONS TO PROTECT P>TICUL> 9T]E/S1 & :E!R 9 EI!R CASE !Y HAVE ANY RELEVANCE TO A WORLD ( FREE P[] & UNLIMIT$ AUTOMATION40.<#b#d#e.> 

,! 0LAWS ( ECONOMICS0 :I* SU/A9 ! EMPIRE ( CORPORATE WEAL? & WORLD WRET*$NESS >E A VA/ MY/]Y4 ,!Y >E NOT NATURAL LAWS1 S9CE !Y >E 5=C$ BY >MIES ( M54 ,!Y >E NOT HUMAN LAWS1 S9CE !Y DO NOT PROMOTE JU/ICE4 ,! CAPITALI/ 0LAWS ( ECONOMICS0 >E NOT LAWS AT ALL2 !Y >E FICTIONS BY MEANS ( :I* CAPITALI/S JU/IFY TAK+ = !MSELVES :AT BELONGS TO ALL M54 ,= ! CORPORATIONS1 ! WORLD IS A VA/ >5A = PR(ITS4 ,9 CORPORATE AN?ROPOLOGY !RE >E NO CULTURES1 CIVILIZATIONS1 HI/ORIES OR TRADITIONS2 !RE >E ONLY S\RCES ( RAW MAT]IALS1 S\RCES ( *EAP LABOR1 & M>KETS4 ,MO/ ( LIV+ HUMANITY1 EXCEPT ?OSE :O HAVE EXTRICAT$ !MSELVES FROM ?IS NET ( 0LAWS10 FIT ONE ( !SE CATEGORIES2 SOME FIT ALL ?REE4 ,CORPORATE PRACTICE CONSI/S ( TAK+ ! RAW MAT]IALS ( O!R CONT95TS *EAPLY1 PROCESS+ !M1 & SELL+ ! F9I%$ PRODUCTS V]Y EXP5SIVELY ,?IS 0LAW ( ECONOMICS0 IS V]Y LUCRATIVE = ! CORPORATE ,HOLD]S4 ,ACCORD+ TO /ATI/ICS GIV5 9 A ,MON?LY ,REVIEW $ITORIAL1 0,AS ( #aiei TOTAL ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRIVATE 9VE/M5T ABROAD WAS @s#d#d#h BILLION4444 ,TOTAL SALES BY ,AM]ICAN-[N$ 5T]PRISES ABROAD 9 #aieg CAME TO @s#c#b BILLION4444 ,SALES ( ,AM]ICAN-[N$ MANUFACTUR+ FIRMS ABROAD 9 #aieg W]E #e P]C5T HI<] ?AN EXP]TS ( COMP>ABLE GOODS FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 = ,AM]ICAN BUS9ESS AS A :OLE =EIGN OP]ATIONS >E MU* MORE IMPORTANT ?AN EXPORT TRADE40.<#b#d#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,BUS9ESS ,WEEK1 0( ! #a L>GE/ 9DU/RIAL CORPORATIONS 7RANK$ BY #aieg DOME/IC SALES7 #ii >E 9VOLV$ TODAY 9 ONE OR ANO!R K9D ( OV]SEAS OP]ATION4444 ,ALL TOLD1 AT LEA/ #c1 ,U4,S4 COMPANIES HAVE MONEY 9VE/$ DIRECTLY 9 =EIGN PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,WORK+ ALONGSIDE !SE OP]AT+ COMPANIES >E DOZ5S ( ,U4,S4 5G9E]+ & CONTRACT+ \TFITS1 MANAGEM5T & M>KET+ CONSULTANTS1 & ! =EIGN BRAN*ES ( ,U4,S4 BANKS40.<#b#d#g.> ,ALL !SE 09VE/M5TS0 GET V]Y PR(ITABLE 0RETURNS0 BECAUSE ! OV]SEAS WORK]S1 BE+ 0NATIVES10 >E CONSID]$ SUB-HUMAN1 & CONSEQU5DY >E PAID LESS ?AN ,AM]ICAN WORK]S2 SOMETIMES !Y >E B>ELY PAID AT ALL4 ,! RAW MAT]IALS SO *EAPLY ACQUIR$ & SO *EAPLY PROCESS$ >E !N SOLD AT ! HI<E/ PRICE !Y FET* 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 :AT ! 0ITEM0 CO/S TO PRODUCE1 & :AT IT SELLS =1 DOES NOT REA* ! M5 9 ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 ,P]U OR ,V5EZUELA2 ! DIFF]5CE GOES AS PR(IT TO ! CORPORATE ,HOLD]S2 SOME ( IT IS US$ TO BROADCA/ 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 & 0FREE WORLD0 PROPAG&A OV] ! CORPORATE M$IA ( COMMUNICATION4 ,9 ORD] TO SELL !IR PRODUCTS EXP5SIVELY1 ! CORPORATIONS MU/ HAVE M>KETS4 ,AT ?IS JUNCTURE !IR 0LAWS ( ECONOMICS0 MUDDLE !IR 9T]E/S SOME:AT4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 ADVANTAGES ( ! 0=EIGN 9VE/M5TS0 IS ?AT !Y WORK = ALMO/ NO?+4 ,! \TCOME1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT ! 0NATIVES0 REMA9 POOR1 & POOR M5 DO NOT CON/ITUTE A M>KET3 !Y CANNOT AF=D TO BUY ! CORPORATE GOODS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! ,U4,S4 CORPORATIONS ?AT PRODUCE GOODS ABROAD SELL A SUB/ANTIAL AM\NT ( !SE GOODS TO CONSUM]S 9 DIE ,U4,S4 ,?IS MAY S\ND A LITTLE SILLY1 BUT IT IS PR(ITABLE TO ! CORPORATIONS1 & CONSEQU5TLY IS A 0LAW ( ECONOMICS40 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS ONE ( ! WORLD'S L>GE/ OIL DEPOSITS1 BUT MU* ( ! OIL 9 ,AM]ICAN C>S COMES FROM ,SAUDI ,>ABIA1 ,KUWAIT1 ,V5EZUELA4444 ,U4,S4 9HABITANTS1 H[EV]1 CON/ITUTE ONLY #f.0 ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION1 & CAN ONLY CONSUME #e.0 ( ! WORLD'S GOODS4 ,! RE/ MU/ BE SOLD ELSE:]E4 ,S9CE ! />V+ WRET*ES 9 ! 0UND]PRIVILEG$ NATIONS0 CANNOT BUY V]Y MU*1 ! CAPITALI/S >E 9 A RUT4 ,IF !Y PRODUCE MORE ?AN !Y CAN SELL1 !N ! M>KET WILL BE GLUTT$1 & PRICES WILL FALL1 & PR(ITS WILL FALL--,GOD =BID6 ?AT'S PRECISELY :AT ! 0LAWS ( ECONOMICS0 >E DESIGN$ TO PREV5T6 ,PR(ITS NEV] FALL4 ,! BRUNT FILT]S D[N TO ! 9T]NAL PROLET>IAT1 :O >E BETT] PAID ?AN ! OV]SEAS 0NATIVES0 & SO MU/ BE 0LAID-(F10 & DOME/IC UNEMPLOYM5T CLIMBS TO #h MILLION4 ,! CAPITALI/S WILL NOT GIVE !IR GOODS1 OR SELL !M *EAPLY1 TO M5 :O NE$ !M4 ,?AT'S NOT PR(ITABLE2 IT'S NOT A 0LAW ( ECONOMICS40 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 TO MA9TA9 ! PRICE ?AT FET*ES BIG PR(ITS1 ! DOME/IC PROLET>IAT IS LAID (F WORK1 ! EXT]NAL PROLET>IAT IS LEFT 9 A /ATE ( MIS]Y1 & ! VA/ TE*NOLOGICAL H]ITAGE :I* C\LD =EV] ABOLI% BO? ! UNEMPLOYM5T & ! MIS]Y1 IS LEFT IDLE4 ,! M9IMUM NUMB] ( CALORIES REQUIR$ = HEAL?Y LIFE IS SET AT AB\T #bg P] DAY2 BEL[ ?AT NUMB]1 DEFICI5CY DISEASES TAKE HOLD ( ! HUMAN BODY1 DULL ! 9TELLECT1 & %RIVEL ! IMAG9ATION4 ,)9 ! CAPITALI/ IMP]IUM1 ! SO-CALL$ 0,FREE ,WORLD10 !RE >E FEW \TSIDE ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :O CONSUME #bg CALORIES1 BUT MANY :O CONSUME LESS ?AN #a#e4 ,! FRE$OM TO EAT1 LIVE1 ?9K & LE>N1 >E NOT PROVID$ = 9 ! CORPORATE 0LAWS ( ECONOMICS20 !Y >E NOT ! FRE$OMS F\ND 9 ! 0,FREE ,WORLD40 

0,I DO NOT WANT AN ECONOMIC SY/EM :I*1 :ILE PAY+ F>M]S NOT TO GR[ FOOD 9 F]TILE L&1 DESP]ATELY URGES O!RS TO PLANT FOOD CROPS 9 UNF]TILE L&1 &1 ) HUGE FOOD SURPLUSES :I* IT FAILS TO DI/RIBUTE1 LEAVES HALF ! WORLD'S PEOPLE ON ! $GE ( />VATION10 WROTE ,$W>D ,HYAMS4.<#b#d#h.> ,! M>VEL\S 0LAWS ( ECONOMICS0 >E SU* ?AT1 :ILE MO/ ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION >E UNF$1 UNH\S$1 UNTAU<T1 :EAT & COM & FRUIT >E F$ TO ANIMALS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & SOMETIMES EV5 DE/ROY$--TO KEEP ! PRICES HI<4 ,! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL DESCRIB$ ! WORK+S ( ?IS 0LAW0 ) REG>D TO PEA*ES3 0,CALI=NIA CANN]S & GR[]S AGRE$ TO DE/ROY AB\T #ah P]C5T ( ! /ATE'S E/IMAT$ #g#e1-TON CL+ PEA* CROP TO PREV5T A M>KET GLUT4 ,! PREVI\S HI< CL+ PEA* PACK 9 ,CALI=NIA1 ONE ( ! L>GE/ PEA* PRODUC+ /ATES1 WAS #e#e#b1 TONS LA/ YE>4 ,EA* YE> ! /ATE SETS A LIMIT ON ! AM\NT ( CL+ PEA*ES :I* MAY BE CANN$ AFT] RECEIV+ RECOMM5DATIONS ( CANN]S & GR[]S4 ,! QUOTA IS DESIGN$ TO KEEP SUPPLY FROM EXCE$+ DEM& &1 9 EFFECT PREV5TS M>KET PRICES FROM FALL+40.<#b#d#i.> ,) RESPECT TO AUTOMOBILES1 ! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL HAD ! FOLL[+ ADVICE3 0,:AT IS REALLY NE$$1 OBVI\SLY1 IS SOME 'CRA%' LEGISLATION BY ,CONGRESS :I* W\LD HAVE ! ,GOV]NM5T BUY TWO MILLION C>S & DUMP !M 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ,ATLANTIC40.<#b#e.> ,OBVI\SLY1 ! CAPITALI/S W\LD READILY L9E ! BOTTOM ( ! SEA ) AUTOMOBILES1 IF ?AT FET*$ ! HI< PRICE4 ,!Y DO NOT C>E :O NE$S !IR PRODUCTS1 NOR :AT USE !IR PRODUCTS HAVE1 SO LONG AS ! PR(ITS KEEP CLIMB+4 

,! OB$I5T 0MASSES0 ( 0,PEOPLE'S ,CAPITALISM0 >E TOLD1 BY ! CORPORATE M$IA ( COMMUNICATION1 ?AT ! MIS]Y1 ! PLUND]1 ! WA/E1 >E ALL 09 ! NATIONAL 9T]E/10 ?AT ! DE/RUCTION ( FOOD & VEHICLES IS A PROTECTION ( ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE4 ,& ! ,AM]ICANS ACQUIESCE & BELIEVE :AT !IR CORPORATE MA/]S TELL !M1 BECAUSE ,AM]ICANS HAVE = MANY G5]ATIONS BE5 TRA9$ TO BELIEVE ALL ?AT !IR CORPORATE MA/]S TELL !M4 ,:5 ,WOODR[ ,WILSON1 E>LY 9 ?IS C5TURY1 URG$ HIS C\NTRYM5 TO P>TICIPATE 9 0,! ,NEW ,FRE$OM10 HE R\S$ MANY ,AM]ICANS1 ESPECIALLY CORPORATE ONES1 TO 5?USIASM4 ,! HI/ORIAN ,WILLIAM ,A4 ,WILLIAMS HAS %[N1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,WILSON DID NOT REF] TO ANY?+ NEW1 NOR TO FRE$OM--UNLESS FRE$OM IS TAK5 9 ITS PECULI> ,AM]ICAN DEF9ITION1 :]E IT MEANS ! 0FRE$OM0 TO PLUND]1 ! 0FRE$OM0 TO EXP& ! CORPORATE EMPIRE4 ,WILSON'S ,NEW ,FRE$OM REF]R$ TO 0! M>KET TO :I* DIPLOMACY1 & IF NE$ BE P[]1 MU/ MAKE AN OP5 WAY40.<#b#e#a.> ,?IS OP5 WAY WAS TO BE REALIZ$ BY V]Y ANCI5T MEANS1 NAMELY =CE3 0IT IS EVID5T ?AT EMPIRE IS AN AFFAIR ( /RONG GOV]NM5T40.<#b#e#b.> ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE ,BRYAN EXPLA9$ ! MEAN+ ( ,WILSONIAN 0FRE$OM0 EV5 MORE CLE>LY3 IT MEANT TO 0OP5 ! DOORS ( ALL ! WEAK] C\NTRIES TO AN 9VASION ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITAL & 5T]PRISE40.<#b#e#c.> ,PRESID5T ,FRANKL9 ,DELANO ,ROOSEVELT WAS NOT UNCLE> AB\T ,AM]ICA'S =EIGN POLICY EI!R2 HE SET \T 0TO SECURE A L[]+ ( =EIGN WALLS 7SO7 ?AT A L>G] MEASURE ( \R SURPLUS MAY BE ADMITT$ ABROAD40.<#b#e#d.> ,AS ,WILLIAMS PO9TS \T1 0FRE$OM10 9 ! MOD]N ,AM]ICAN VOCABUL>Y1 HAS BE5 MADE SYNONYM\S ) TRADE1 & 09H]5T 9 ! APPROA* WAS A DEF9ITION ( TRADE ?AT W5T F> BEYOND ! IDEA ( AN EX*ANGE ( COMMODITIES & S]VICES4 ,! D5OTATION ( ! DEF9ITION EMPHASIZ$ TRADE AS ! EXPANSION ( M>KETS = ,AM]ICA'S CORPORATE SY/EM'1 :ILE ! CONNOTATIONS /RESS$ ! CONTROL & DEVELOPM5T ( RAW- MAT]IAL SUPPLIES40.<#b#e#e.> ,?IS PROGRAM CAN ONLY BE C>RI$ \T 9 A WORLD :]E 0DOORS0 >E 0OP50 TO ,AM]ICAN 9VE/M5TS2 :]E LABOR]S >E 0FREE0 TO WORK = SMALL WAGES2 :]E M>KETS >E 0OP50 = HI< PRIC$ CORPORATE PRODUCTS4 ,?IS SECTION ( ! WORLD HAS BE5 NAM$ ! 0,FREE ,WORLD0 = ! PA/ FIFTE5 YE>S1 & ITS 0FRE$OM0 HAS BE5 SAFEGU>D$ BY AN EV]-9CREAS+ TEMPO ( VIOL5CE1 T]ROR & ANNIHILATION4 ,! 0,FREE ,WORLD0 IS ! \T] LIMIT BEYOND :I* ! CORPORATE SY/EM CANNOT EXP&1 & ! MA9T5ANCE ( ?IS 0FRE$OM0 HAS BECOME ! SOLE 9T]NATIONAL CONC]N ( LATT]-DAY CAPITALISM4 

,YET 9 SPITE ( ALL ! IRONMONG]Y DESIGN$ TO PROTECT ) VIOL5CE1 ! 0,FREE ,WORLD0 CON/ANTLY DIM9I%ES 9 SIZE4 ,?IS HAPP5S 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT CAPITALI/S >E UND] ! IMPRESSION ?AT !Y GIVE 0AID0 & ! 0BLESS+S ( CIVILIZATION0 TO ! WORLD'S UNPRIVILEG$4 ,?AT ! AID1 AS WELL AS ! BLESS+S1 S]VE ONLY TO 5RI* ! CORPORATIONS1 :ILE YET FUR!R IMPOV]I%+ ! 0NATIVES10 DOES NOT SEEM TO P5ETRATE ! CORPORATE CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! HUNGRY M5 9 ! COLONIES CANNOT HELP BUT NOTICE ?AT MANY ( ! DEFECTORS FROM ! 0,FREE ,WORLD0 >E ON !IR WAY T[>DS ! CREATION ( HUMAN ECONOMIES1 & !Y CANNOT HELP BUT NOTICE ?AT !IR [N MIS]Y IS RELAT$ TO ! CORPORATE 0OP]ATIONS0 9 !IR L&S4 ,! 0NATIVES0 GR[ RESDESS1 !Y />T TO CLAMOR = FOOD1 LIFE & DEC5CY1 !Y />T TO RES5T BE+ M>TYR$ TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY ( ,LIFE4 ,! CLAMOR ( ! 0NATIVES0 AL>MS ! CORPORATIONS4 ,TO ABOLI% ! UNRE/1 ! CORPORATIONS SEEK FRANTICALLY TO 9CREASE !IR 0DEVELOPM5T0 & 0AID0 PROGRAMS4 ,!Y PU% ?R\< ,CONGRESS VA/ ,H\S+ ,PROGRAMS = ,P]U OR ,PU]TO ,RICO4 ,BIG ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9VE/ORS >E S5T TO ! 0UND]DEVELOP$ NATION0 TO BUY ! L&1 TO RAZE ! SLUMS ON IT4 ,BIG ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CONTRACTORS1 >*ITECTS & 5G9E]S >E S5T TO BUILD ! H\SES1 ! ROADS1 ! %OPP+ C5T]S4 ,BIG PUBLIC RELATIONS FIRMS >E HIR$ TO ADV]TISE ,UNIT$ ,/ATES G5]OSITY T[>DS ! WORLD'S 0NATIVES40 ,& YET1 EV]Y 9VE/IGATION ( SU* 0DEVELOPM5T PROGRAMS0 REVEALS ?AT ! H\SES >E SO EXP5SIVE ONLY ,UNIT$ ,/ATES EXECUTIVES & WEAL?Y LOCAL CAPITALI/S CAN R5T !M2 ?AT ! WRET*ES :OSE SLUMS W]E RAZ$ TO BUILD ! H\SES >E LEFT HOMELESS2 ?AT ! ONLY B5EFICI>IES ( ! 0AID0 W]E ! ,AM]ICAN 9VE/ORS1 ! ,AM]ICAN CONTRACTORS1 >*ITECTS1 5G9E]S--PLUS P]HAPS A FEW WEAL?Y LOCAL L&LORDS4 ,PUBLIC MONEY IS TRANSF]R$ TO ! POCKETS ( ! RI*1 BUT ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE >E TOLD !Y MU/ SACRIFICE A PORTION ( !IR TAXES TO 0B5EFIT MANK9D40 ,! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 MIS-$UCAT$1 MIS9=M$ & OB$I5T1 ACQUIESCE 9 ! HI<] WISDOM ( !IR MA/]S4 ,! 0NATIVES10 H[EV]1 ?\< !Y >E NO BETT] $UCAT$ OR 9=M$1 CANNOT SO EASILY ACQUIESCE3 ! HUNG] IS TOO REAL1 ! PLUND] TOO VISIBLE4 ,M5 :OSE MIS]Y 9CREASES DAILY1 YE> AFT] YE>1 G5]ATION AFT] G5]ATION1 CANNOT EFFECTIVELY BE TOLD !Y >E BE+ 0AID$10 0B5EFITT$10 OR 0DEVELOP$40 ,! MIS]Y GR[S & ! UNRE/ GR[S1 & A PO9T IS REA*$ :5 MIS]Y BECOMES UNBE>ABLE & ! RE/LESSNESS BECOMES REVOLUTION4 

,& !N COMES ! GR& EXPLANATION4 ,S9CE ! CAPITALI/S >E CONV9C$ !Y HAVE BE5 DO+ ALL !Y C\LD = ! WORLD'S 0NATIVES10 !N OBVI\SLY !Y CANNOT BE RESPONSIBLE = ALL ! T5SION1 ! UNRE/1 ! REVOLUTIONS4 ,CLE>LY IF ! CAPITALI/S >E NOT RESPONSIBLE = ! UNRE/ 9 ! COLONIES1 !N SOMEONE ELSE MU/ BE RESPONSIBLE4 ,S9CE ALL ANTICAPITALI/S >E CALL$ COMMUNI/S1 & S9CE COMMUNI/S OP5LY ADVOCATE ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM1 !N CLE>LY !Y >E ! S+LE CAUSE ( ALL ! WORLD'S UNRE/4 ,! COMMUNI/S 0EXPLOIT0 ! MIS]Y BR\<T BY ! CORPORATIONS1 & ?US 09/IGATE0 DEMON/RATIONS1 RIOTS1 & REVOLUTIONS4 ,?IS TYPE ( REASON+ US$ TO BE CALL$ TOTALIT>IAN LOGIC BY ,AM]ICANS ( A =M] DAY4 ,TODAY IT IS CALL$ ,FRE$OM & EV]YONE BELIEVES 9 IT4 ,! 0EXPLANATION0 DOES NOT EXPLA9 ANY?+--RA!R IT EXPLA9S EV]Y?+ AWAY--BUT IT IS 5=C$ BY ! WORLD'S GREATE/ MILIT>Y ,P[]1 & ?US CANNOT BE D\BT$ )\T RISK TO LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & HAPP9ESS4 ,AS SOON AS ! GR& EXPLANATION IS APPLI$1 !RE'S NO MORE NE$ = 0AID0 & 0DEVELOPM5T0 PROGRAMS4 ,IF ! 0,COMMUNI/S >E TAK+ OV]0 IT IS PO9TLESS TO BUILD MORE H\SES = CORPORATE EXECUTIVES4 ,FROM ?AT PO9T ON1 ! ONLY 0AID0 S5T IS MILIT>Y 0AID40 ,! 0COMMUNI/S0 MU/ BE SUPPRESS$--EV5 IF ! 0COMMUNI/S0 COMPRISE AN 5TIRE NATION ( MIS]ABLE WRET*ES :O ASK NO MORE ?AN BREAD & HOMES4 ,S5ATOR ,HUB]T ,HUMPHREY SEEM$ HI<LY /UNN$ :5 HE REC5TLY F\ND \T ! PURPOSE ( ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y AID4 ,! 9NOC5T ,S5ATOR EXCLAIM$1 0,DO Y\ KN[ :AT ! HEAD ( ! ,IRANIAN ,>MY TOLD ONE ( \R PEOPLE8 ,HE SAID ! ,>MY WAS 9 GOOD %APE1 ?ANKS TO ,U4,S4 AID--IT WAS N[ CAPABLE ( COP+ ) ! CIVILIAN POPULATION4 ,?AT ,>MY ISN'T PLANN+ TO FI<T ! ,RUSSIANS4 ,IT'S PLANN+ TO FI<T ! ,IRANIAN PEOPLE40.<#b#e#f.> 

,! 0SOLUTION10 H[EV]1 DOESN'T WORK4 ,! UNRE/ CAUS$ BY ! MIS]Y CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ BY VIOL5CE4 ,! REVOLUTIONS >E PO/PON$1 DIE BLOOD%$ IS 9CREAS$1 ! T]ROR IS 9T5SIFI$1 BUT ! UNRE/ IS NOT ABOLI%$4 ,! LOCAL >MIES >E NOT /ABLE2 !Y CANNOT EFFECTIVELY BE TAU<T ?AT ! PR(ITS ( ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS >E SYNONYM\S ) ! 0FRE$OM0 ( !IR />V+ C\NTRYM54 ,! LOCAL SOLDI]S1 AFT] ALL1 >E !MSELVES MEMB]S ( ! POPULATION !Y >E HIR$ TO REPRESS1 & !Y CANNOT EFFECTIVELY BE BRA9WA%$ TO BELIEVE !Y CAN 0SAVE0 !IR C\NTRYM5 BY EXT]M9AT+ !M4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! UNRE/ GR[S1 & ! REVOLUTIONS TAKE PLACE 9 SPITE ( ALL ! MASSIVE MILIT>Y 0AID40 ,! MILIT>Y 0AID0 IS /EPP$ UP A/RONOMICALLY1 M5 >E SLAU<T]$ 9 EV]-9CREAS+ NUMB]S1 & YET ! UNRE/ BECOMES EV] MORE PR(\ND1 EV] MORE WIDESPREAD4 ,! MILIT>Y METAPHYSICIANS ( ! ,P5TAGON & ! ,C4,I4,A4 BECOME FRANTIC2 !Y CEASE TO COPE RATIONALLY ) EV5TS4 ,)9 !IR N>R[ IDEOLOGICAL WALLS1 !Y CANNOT UND]/& H[ UNRE/ CAN CONT9UE EV5 AFT] ALL ! 0AGITATORS0 HAVE BE5 PUT TO DEA?4 ,S9CE !Y TAKE ! PR(IT-WORLD = GRANT$1 !Y DO NOT LOOK !RE = ! CAUSE ( UNRE/2 CONSEQU5TLY1 !Y CANNOT F9D ! CAUSE ( ALL !IR FAILURES4 ,YET ! MILIT>Y METAPHYSICIANS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ! SELF-PROCLAIM$ 0REALI/S10 CONT9UE TO BELIEVE !RE IS ONE CAUSE BEH9D ALL !IR FAILURES4 ,IF YE SEEK YE %ALL F9D--& !Y DO3 EV]Y DEMON/RATION ANY:]E 9 ! WORLD ORIG9ATES 9 ,MOSC[2 EV]Y SETBACK TO ! CORPORATE IMP]IUM ORIG9ATES 9 ,MOSC[2 EV]Y' REVOLUTION ORIG9ATES 9 ,MOSC[4 ,SANCTA ,SIMPLICITA4 ,! 0,FREE ,WORLD0 GR[S EV] SMALL]1 & ! COMMUNI/S >E BLAM$--OR RA!R1 PRAIS$--= EV]Y EV5T4 ,IF ! MIS]ABLE MILLIONS ( ! WORLD BELIEV$ ,AM]ICAN PROPAG&A1 !Y W\LD PICTURE ! COMMUNI/S AS H]OES1 LIB]ATORS & SAVIORS4 ,WA%+TON'S PROPAG&A1 COM+ FROM ! M\?S ( ?OSE :O PR(ESS TO HATE ! COMMUNI/S1 IS F> MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN ANY PROPAG&A ! COMMUNI/S C\LD DEVISE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PROPAG&A M$IA ATTRIBUTE TO 0! M5 9 ! ,KREML90 AN ALL-BUT OMNIPOT5T 9TELLIG5CE1 & AN IRON DET]M9ATION TO 0NIBBLE AWAY0 AT ! CORPORATE EMPIRE4 ,) SU* AN ADV]TIS+ CAMPAIGN1 !RE W\LD BE COMMUNI/ REVOLUTIONS EV5 IF ,MOSC[ DIDN'T EXI/4 

,CAPITALI/S GR[ FRANTIC4 ,!Y SEE M5 EV]Y:]E ABOLI%+ PRIVATE PROP]TY1 EXPROPRIAT+ CORPORATIONS1 BUILD+ ECONOMIES :I* DI/RIBUTE WEAL?1 GOODS & OPPORTUNITIES MORE EQUALLY4 ,!Y SEE1 9 %ORT1 ?AT ! 0,FREE ,WORLD0 GR[S SMALL] & SMALL]1 :ILE ! CIRCLE ( M5 :O REFUSE TO CALL ! FRE$OM ( ! FEW FRE$OM1 GR[S L>G] & L>G]4 ,! REJECTIONS ( CAPITALISM TAKE MANY DIFF]5T =MS & HAVE LITTLE 9 COMMON1 EXCEPT !IR DET]M9$ REJECTION ( CAPITALISM4 ,YET 9 ! CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY EV]Y REJECTION ( CAPITALISM1 :ATEV] ITS DIFF]5CES & :ATEV] ITS SIMIL>ITIES TO ALL ! O!RS1 REPRES5TS ALWAYS ! SAME ?+3 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,CONSPIRACY4 ,SO DEF9$1 ALL ! REVOLUTIONS >C UN9TELLIGIBLE TO ! CORPORATE EXP]TS4 ,! LATT]-DAY 0REALI/S0 FIR/ DEF9E REVOLUTIONS AS ! \TCOME ( ! GREAT CONSPIRACY--( ! FI5DI% MA*9ATIONS ( ,MOSC[4 ,!Y !N SEEK TO 9T]PRET ! REVOLUTIONS 9 T]MS ) :I* !Y >E FAMILI>1 ?AT IS1 !Y EXPECT ! COMMUNI/ 0CONSPIRATORS0 TO WORK ! SAME WAY !IR [N CLOAK-&-DAGG] \TFITS WORK4 ,?US !Y EXPECT REGIMES RUL$ BY A ,CONSPIRACY TO BE HI<LY UN/ABLE & TO COLLAPSE4 ,!Y EXPECT1 9 O!R WORDS1 ?AT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS WILL BE AS UN/ABLE AS ! REGIMES RUL$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,>M$ ,=CES & ! ,C4,I,A41 SU* AS ,S\? ,KOREA1 ,=MOSA1 ,S\? ,VIETNAM1 REGIMES :]E ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T DOES NOT 9SI/ ON 0FREE ELECTIONS40 ,YET ! 9/ABILITY IS ALL ON ONE SIDE4 ,! SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE EM]G$ FROM SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS >E AMONG ! /ABLE/ 9 ! WORLD1_<#f_> :]EAS ! ,KOREAS1 ,IRAQS1 ,IRANS1 ,VIETNAMS1 ,=MOSAS1 ,GUATEMALAS1 ,CONGOS1 ,LAOS1 COMPRISE A FULL HI/ORY' ( UNRE/4 ,! CORPORATE EXPLANATIONS LEAVE ! REVOLUTIONS UNEXPLA9$4 ,EV]Y *>GE ! CAPITALI/S MAKE B\NCES BACK AT !M4 ,! PR(ESSIONAL C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES PR$ICT ?AT NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES C\LD NEV] A*IEVE ! MAT]IAL PROSP]ITY ( ! CAPITALI/ P>ADISE2 :5 SOME ( !M DO SO1 9 FRACTIONS ( ! TIME IT TOOK ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO DO SO1 !Y DROP ! *>GE4 ,!Y NEXT CLAIM ?AT COMMUNI/1 SOCIALI/1 0NEUTRALI/10 & O!R NON-CAP- ITALI/ SOCIETIES CAN NEV] A*IEVE ! LEVEL ( EMPLOYM5T A*IEV$ 9 P>ADISE4 ,YET ! *RONIC UNEMPLOYM5T TURNS \T TO BE CONF9$ TO ! CORPORATE EMPIRE2 MO/ ( ! SOCIALI/ SOCIETIES HAVE A %ORTAGE ( LABOR1 & ! O!R NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES SEEM TO BE COP+ ) UNEMPLOYM5T ) F> GREAT] S]I\SNESS ?AN ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,NONE ( ! REVOLUTIONS A*IEVE ,UTOPIA1 & UGLY REMA9S ( >*AIC 9/ITUTIONS UND\BT$LY HAMP] ALL ( !M2 ! REVOLUTIONS DO NOT TRANS=M M]E M5 9TO SA9TS & ANGELS4 ,BUT AMONG ! DEFECTORS FROM ! 0,FREE ,WORLD10 PRICES GET *EAP] & *EAP]1 $UCATION BECOMES WIDESPREAD1 FOOD BECOMES UNIV]SALLY AVAILABLE1 & H\SES BECOME GRADUALLY ACCESSIBLE TO ALL3 ! OV]ALL IMPROVEM5T 9 ! CONDITION ( LIFE IS UNQUE/IONABLE4 ,?US ! CAPITALI/S >E DEPRIV$ ( ALL !IR *>GES1 & ?US AS A LA/ RESORT !Y LEVEL !IR F\LE/ CLAIM3 ! POPULATIONS ( ! NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES DO NOT 5JOY ! 0FRE$OMS0 :I* >E AVAILABLE TO CAPITALI/S 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,K+ ,L\IS C\LD WELL HAVE GROAN$ ?AT ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION>IES W]E DEPRIV+ !MSELVES ( HIS EXTRAVAGANT TA/ES4 ,! LOSS ( 0FRE$OM0 = ! FEW TO 5RI* !MSELVES AT ! EXP5SE ( ! MANY IS NOT A TRAGIC LOSS4 ,! LANGUAGE 9 :I* ?IS *>GE IS C\*$1 H[EV]1 ?REAT5S TO SUBM]GE 9 A D>K AGE ONE ( ! F9E HUMAN IDEALS4 ,= ! CAPITALI/S ID5TIFY !IR 0FRE$OM0 & !IR DISP5SATION ) ! FRE$OM ( ! DEMOCRATIC1 EQUALIT>IAN1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY DESCRIB$ BY ,BABEUF1 ,JEFF]SON1 ,TAYLOR1 ,M>X4 ,TOO MANY ( ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION>IES TAKE ! CAPITALI/S AT !IR WORD1 & !Y REJECT ! CAPITALI/ V]SION ( 0FRE$OM0 BY REJECT+ ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL AS WELL4 ,YET IF ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETIES A*IEVE EQUALITY1 IF !Y MAKE ABUNDANCE AVAILABLE TO ALL1 & IF ON SU* A GR\ND !Y OP5 ! AV5UES ( CREATIVE P>TICIPATION TO ALL !IR MEMB]S1 !N !Y WILL HAVE P]SONAL FRE$OMS & CIVIL LIB]TIES SU* AS NEV] EXI/$ UND] CAPITALISM4 ,SU* A SOCIETY IS /ILL TODAY ,UTOPIA1 BUT ! SE$S ( ,UTOPIA >E BE+ S[N1 & %\LD ANY ( !M SPR\T1 ! CALLS ( D]ISION FROM ?OSE :O CLAIM A PRIVATE MONOPOLY OV] ,UTOPIA WILL FALL ON DEAF E>S4 

,! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS 9 FACT S]I\SLY ?REAT5$ BY ,RUSSIA1 ,*9A1 ,YUGOSLAVIA1 ,9DIA1 ,<ANA1 ,9DONESIA1 ,POL&1 ,CUBA--BUT NOT BECAUSE ( ! REASONS GIV5 BY' ! CAPITALI/S4 ,IT IS NOT ,RUSSIAN OR ,*9ESE OR ,CUBAN MILIT>Y /R5G?1 OR ROCKETS1 OR 0CONSPIRACY10 ?AT ?REAT5 ! CAPITALI/S4 ,! ?REAT COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT ALL ( ! WORLD'S NON-CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES (F] MANK9D MODELS1 H[EV] HALF- BAK$1 ( ALT]NATIVES TO CAPITALI/ PLUND]1 NIHILISM1 & DEHUMANIZATION4 ,! CAPITALI/S DO NOT FE> :AT IS BAD 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y EXP]IM5TS3 ! CO]CION1 ! C5SOR$ PRESS1 ! SECRET POLICE ) :I* TO BATTLE REAL & IMAG9$ T]RORISM4 ,ALL !SE ?+S HAVE BY N[ BECOME P]MAN5T 9/ITUTIONS ( ! CORPORATE WORLD4 ,:AT ! CAPITALI/S FE> IS PRECISELY ! GOOD1 ! PROMISE & ! HOPE1 ( ! SOCIAL EXP]IM5TS3 ! EQUALITY1 ! P>TICIPATION1 ! JOY ( CREATION4 ,:Y8 ,:Y DO ! CAPITALI/S APE ! WOR/ & FE> ! BE/ 9/ITUTIONS GR[+ \T ( ! REVOLUTIONS8 ,BECAUSE IF ! EXP]IM5TS %\LD SUCCE$1 !N ! HUNGRY1 ! UNH\S$1 ! UN$UCAT$1 WILL DEFECT 9 MASS FROM ! 0,FREE ,WORLD40 ,BECAUSE1 IF ! EXP]IM5TS %\LD SUCCE$ & BE FOLL[$ BY MORE1 !N ! SLUMS ( ! ,CORPORATE ,HEAV5 WILL BE ! UGLIE/ 9 ! WORLD1 ! 9HABITANTS ( 0,PEOPLE'S ,CAPITALISM0 WILL BE ! LEA/ $UCAT$1 LEA/ 9=M$1 LEA/ CREATIVE 9HABITANTS ON ! PLANET4 ,IF TOO MANY 0NATIVES0 DEFECT FROM ! 0,FREE ,WORLD10 !N ! CORPORATE PR(ITS WILL FALL1 & ! >*ITECTURAL ADV]TISEM5TS ON ,P>K ,AV5UE WILL DET]IORATE 9TO UGLY1 MON/R\S BOXES ( RU/$ /EEL & FIL?Y GLASS1 & ! GAUDY BILLBO>DS ) ! LEG5D 0,MONEY ,WORKS ,= ,Y\0 WILL BE TA/ELESS REM9D]S ( ! 9HUMAN CRIM9ALITY ( ! ,HOLD]S' & ,BANK]S' ,P>ADISE4 

 "9"9"9 

,TO W>D (F ! VISION ( A DET]IORAT$ ,$51 ! CAPITALI/S CAN ONLY /RIKE \T ) HATR$1 VIOL5CE & DE/RUCTION4 ,TO PRES]VE A SY/EM ( PLUND] :I* ALL HUMANITY IS REJECT+1 ! CAPITALI/S HAVE FROZ5 !MSELVES 9TO A MILIT>Y SOCIETY :I* 9CREAS+LY RULES \T ALL AIMS & PROJECTS 9CONSI/5T ) ANNIHILATION4 ,UNABLE1 AT ! 5D1 TO SOLVE !IR PROBLEMS RATIONALLY1 ! CAPITALI/S HAVE AT LA/ AB&ON$ RATIONALITY & S\<T 0SOLUTIONS0 ( ALL !IR PROBLEMS 9 A P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY4 ,DOME/IC & EXT]NAL PR(ITS1 ! SAFEGU>D+ ( 9VE/M5TS1 ! REPRESSION ( UNRE/1 ! PREV5TION ( REVOLUTIONS1 >E ALL SYN!SIZ$ BY ! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY1 AL?\< PSY*OTICALLY4 ,TO PROLONG ! LIFE ( CORPORATE WEAL? & PRIVILEGE1 ! CORPORATE RUL]S HAVE TRANS=M$ !IR SOCIETY 9TO AN >M$ CAMP :]E M5 >E EMPLOY$1 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 9 ! MANUFACTURE ( 9/RUM5TS ( DEA?4 ,! RUL]S ( ! CORPORATE EMPIRE >E DET]M9$ TO CONT9UE TAK+ 0FRE$OMS0 ?AT MANK9D IS NO LONG] WILL+ TO REL9QUI%2 !Y >E >M$ ) ! P[] TO ANNIHILATE ALL LIFE2 !Y >E SUPPORT$ BY A VA/ POPULATION ?OR\<LY 9DOCTR9AT$ TO IMPOSE ! WILL ( ITS CORPORATE MA/]S OV] ! RE/ ( HUMANITY4 

0,WORLD ,TRADE MEANS ,WORLD ,PEACE0 TO ! CORPORATE RUL]S1 BUT ONLY ON ! T]MS ( ! 0TRADESM510 & AT ! PO9T ( A GUN4 ,! ABSOLUTE MON>*S ( =M] DAYS WAG$ 9NUM]ABLE BLOODY W>S & DISP5S$ A GREAT DEAL ( MIS]Y4 ,BUT ! ABSOLUTE MON>*S W\LD NOT HAVE D>$ TO DECREE 9VOLUNT>Y CONSCRIPTION = FE> !IR POPULATIONS W\LD RISE 9 REBELLION1 & !Y W\LD NOT HAVE ?\<T TO WILLFULLY DE/ROY CIVILIAN POPULATIONS = FE> !IR K+DOMS W\LD TOPPLE4 ,9 ! ]A ( ,CAPITALI/ ,FRE$OM1 H[EV]1 ! SOLDI]Y CEAS$ TO BE CONF9$ TO VOLUNTE]S1 & >MIES CEAS$ TO BE ! ONLY VICTIMS4 ,! BUS9ESSMAN'S PEACE IS RIS+ PR(ITS1 & HE CAN NEI!R ATTA9 NOR PROTECT HIS PEACE EXCEPT ) ! SWORD4 ,S9CE EV]Y MAT]IAL OBJECT ?AT CAN BE CAPTUR$ IS AN OBJECT ( PR(IT1 ! \T] LIMIT ( CAPITALI/ 0PEACE0 CANNOT BE REA*$ UNTIL ! BUS9ESSMAN HAS ABSOLUTE 0FRE$OM0 OV] ALL ! WORLD'S MAT]IAL OBJECTS4 ,AT ! BEG9N+S ( ,AM]ICA'S COMM]CIAL C>E]1 ! GREAT CAPITALI/ POLITICAL !ORI/ ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON \TL9$ ) UNSURPASS$ CL>ITY ! RELATION%IP ( COMM]CE TO W>4 0,HAS COMM]CE HI!RTO DONE ANY?+ MORE ?AN *ANGE ! OBJECTS ( W>8 ,IS NOT ! LOVE ( WEAL? AS DOM9E]+ & 5T]PRIS+ A PASSION AS ?AT ( P[] OR GLORY8 ,HAVE !RE NOT BE5 AS MANY W>S F\ND$ UPON COMM]CIAL MOTIVES1 S9CE ?AT HAS BECOME ! PREVAIL+ SY/EM ( NATIONS1 AS W]E BE=E OCCASION$ BY ! CUPIDITY ( T]RITORY OR DOM9ION8 ,HAS NOT ! SPIRIT ( COMM]CE1 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 ADM9I/]$ NEW 9C5TIVES TO ! APPETITE44480.<#b#e#g.> 

,UNTIL ! ADV5T ( ,FASCISM 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 CAPITALI/S HAD REG>D$ W> AS AN AUXILI>Y MEANS TO A*IEVE !IR 5DS1 & !Y TURN$ TO W> AS A LA/ RESORT4 ,! RISE ( ,NAZI ,G]MANY1 H[EV]1 BRUTALLY PUT TO DEA? ALL ,HUMANI/ TRADITIONS ?AT HAD RE/RA9$ ! GRE$ ( BUS9ESSM51 & MADE W> ! C5TRAL 9/ITUTION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,! RISE ( ! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY 9 ,ITALY1 ,G]MANY & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 E/ABLI%$ W> AS ! MO/ 0EFFICI5T0 MEANS BY :I* CAPITALI/S C\LD ATTA9 !IR GOALS1 AS WELL AS ! ONLY MEANS BY :I* ! CORPORATE SY/EM C\LD BE KEPT FROM COLLAPS+4 

,9T]NALLY1 ! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY HAS BECOME ! MA9 S\RCE ( CORPORATE PR(IT AS WELL AS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE TO CATA/ROPHIC DEPRESSION4 ,! MANUFACTURE ( WEAPONS IS TODAY ! MO/ LUCRATIVE BUS9ESS1 BY F>1 ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,! 5TIRE NATION ( #ah MILLION PEOPLE--F>M]S1 WORK]S1 :ITE COLL> CL]KS1 %OPKEEP]S-->E TAX$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! TAXES >E TREM5D\S3 MILLIONS ( M5 PAY !M1 & EA* PAYS AN AV]AGE M9IMUM ( ONE F\R? HIS WAGE2 MANY PAY A GREAT DEAL MORE4 ,! GOV]NM5T SP5DS ?IS MONEY-- AM\NTS :I* CANNOT BE C\NT$ OR EV5 CLE>LY CONCEIV$--TO BUY WEAPONS ( EXT]M9ATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BUS9ESS ,WEEK1 0,NO MATT] H[ IT'S DESCRIB$1 ! BUS9ESS ( PIL+ UP WEAPONS IS BIGG] ?AN ANY O!R 9DU/RY4 ,IT RUNS TO @s#a#d4#e BILLION A YE>1 IF Y\ C\NT ONLY MAJOR MILIT>Y H>DW>E CONTRACTS4 ,IT CLIMBS TO @s#b#e BILLION A YE> :5 Y\ ADD RESE>* & DEVELOPM5T1 OP]ATION & MA9T5ANCE ( SU* VA/ SY/EMS AS ! ,D,E,W L9E1 & CON/RUCTION ( AIRFIELDS & MISSILE LAUN*+ BASES4 ,IT HITS >\ND @s#d#a BILLION A YE> :5 Y\ 9CLUDE EV]Y?+ ELSE ON :I* ! ,DEF5SE ,DEPT1 SP5DS MONEY4 ,BY WAY ( A Y>D/ICK3 ! 9T]NATIONAL OIL BUS9ESS1 ! L>GE/ S+LE 9DU/RY1 PUMPS UP >\ND @s#a BILLION WOR? ( PETROLEUM A YE>40.<#b#e#h.> ,NO MATT] H[ IT'S DESCRIB$1 ! BUS9ESS ( EXT]M9ATION IS = ! CORPORATIONS ! BIGGE/ POT ( GOLD EV] CREAT$ BY M54 ,= ! BIGGE/ CORPORATIONS GET ! BIGGE/ W> CONTRACTS1 & !Y >E PAID ) MONEY CONTRIBUT$ BY ! 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,:5 A GOV]NM5T ( ! RI* FUNNEL$ ! TAXES ( ! POPULATION 9TO !IR [N PRIVATE VAULTS = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY1 A ,CONGRESSMAN HAD EXCLAIM$ ) 9DIGNATION3 0,WE %ALL RETURN TO ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 & P>TICIPATE 9 ! BURD5S WE IMPOSE4 ,:5 ! COOL H\R ( 9VE/IGATION >RIVES1 HAPPY 9DE$ WILL IT BE = US IF1 AMID ! MURMURS ( AN OPPRESS$ PEOPLE1 WE HAVE NOT TO SAY1 9 SELF-CONDEMNATION1 ,I TOO HAVE BE5 GUILTY ( BR++ ?IS LOAD ( FETT]S ON ! PEOPLE4 ,AM]ICA1 SIR1 WILL NOT ALWAYS ?9K AS IS ! FA%ION ( ! PRES5T DAY2 & :5 ! IRON H& ( TYRANNY IS FELT1 D5UNCIATIONS WILL FALL ON ?OSE :O1 BY IMPOS+ ?IS 5ORM\S & 9IQUIT\S DEBT1 WILL BEGG> ! PEOPLE & B9D !M 9 *A9S40.<#b#e#i.> ,! D5UNCIATIONS HAVE NOT YET FALL51 & EV5 ! 9DIGNATION IS NO LONG] EXPRESS$4 ,! 0IRON H& ( TYRANNY0 IS F> TOO PR(ITABLE1 EV5 = ITS SMALLE/ B5EFICI>Y1 TO BE D5\NC$4 ,! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY IS A F\NTA9 ( NEV]-5D+ WEAL?1 & ?OSE :O DR9K FROM IT DR[N =EV] ALL PROTE/1 ALL 9DIGNATION4 ,! M>KET = WEAPONS IS LIT]ALLY BOTTOMLESS1 & ! WEAPON ( EXT]M9ATION IS ! MO/ PR(ITABLE COMMODITY YET DEVIS$ BY PR(IT-SEEK]S4 ,AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTUR]S BUILD 0OBSOLESC5CE0 9TO !IR VEHICLES3 !Y HIRE L>GE RESE>* /AFFS TO SEE TO IT ?AT ! DAMAGE IS BEYOND REPAIR2 & YET CLEV] ,AM]ICANS \TWIT ! CORPORATIONS & MA9TA9 AUTOMOBILES = AS LONG AS FIVE YE>S4 ,! WEAPON-MAK]S1 H[EV]1 CANNOT BE SO \TWITT$3 !IR PRODUCTS CAN NEI!R BE MA9TA9$ NOR REPAIR$1 BUT MU/ CON/ANTLY BE DISC>D$4 ,9 AN AGE ( FR5ZI$ TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGE1 A WEAPON IS OBSOLETE LONG BE=E ITS MANUFACTURE IS COMPLET$4 ,! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL HAD URG$ ?AT 0! GOV]NM5T BUY TWO MILLION C>S & DUMP !M 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! ,ATLANTIC40.<#b#f.> ,?IS IS PRECISELY :AT IS ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY4 ,FA/] PLANES1 BIGG] %IPS1 DEADLI] BOMBS1 ROCKETS1 SUBM>9ES1 GASES1 >E CON/ANTLY DEVELOP$ BY ! ,SCI5TI/S ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ! OLD] V]SIONS ( ! WEAPONS >E DISC>D$1 ! CORPORATIONS >E PAID TO MANUFACTURE ! 0LATE/0 WEAPONS1 & !SE 9 TURN >E DISC>D$ BE=E !Y >E F9I%$4 ,! BOTTOM ( ! SEA BECOMES 9CREAS+LY L9$ ) ! 0COMMODITIES0 >\ND :I* ! CORPORATE ECONOMY REVOLVES4 

,! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY HAS BECOME ! C5TRAL 9/ITUTION ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY & ! ONLY MEANS = CAPITALI/ SURVIVAL4 ,)\T REC\RSE TO ! W> ECONOMY1 CAPITALISM W\LD COLLAPSE FROM A CATA/ROPHIC DEPRESSION ( F> GREAT] DIM5SIONS ?AN ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION ( #a#i#b#i4 ,! PRODUCTIVE FACILITIES >E TODAY SO GREAT !Y CAN PRODUCE 9F9ITELY MORE GOODS ?AN ANYONE CAN BUY4 ,!RE'S A CRY+ NE$ = GOODS 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD1 BUT ! WORLD'S POOR CANNOT AF=D TO BUY !M4 ,T HE CORPORATE SOCIETY IS FAC$ ) ?REE ALT]NATIVES4 ,ITS PRODUCTIVE FACILITIES C\LD BE US$ TO MAKE GOODS = FREE DI/RIBUTION TO ALL 9 ! WORLD :O NE$ !M1 OR TO MAKE GOODS :I* ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BUY & DUMP 9TO ! SEA1 OR TO MAKE WEAPONS4 ,)\T RESORT TO ONE ( !SE ?REE ALT]NATIVES1 !RE W\LD BE DEPRESSION & COLLAPSE3 ! GOODS W\LD ACCUMULATE & NONE 9 ! WORLD W\LD BUY !M--!RE W\LD BE A GLUT2 TO PREV5T A FALL 9 ! PR(ITS ( ! ,HOLD]S1 ! CORPORATIONS W\LD LAY (F WORK]S2 ! UNEMPLOY$ W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO BUY ! GOODS ( O!R CORPORATIONS1 & !SE CORPORATIONS 9 TURN W\LD LAY (F WORK]S4 ,! PROCESS IS FAMILI> TO ALL ,AM]ICAN WORK]S & F>M]S OV] ?IRTY YE>S OLD1 BUT ,AM]ICANS SEEM TO HAVE PH5OM5ALLY %ORT MEMORIES--OR ELSE !Y'VE BE5 TAU<T TO BELIEVE ! DEPRESSION WAS NOT BR\<T ON BY CAPITALISM1 BUT BY VISITORS FROM ,M>S4 ,( ! ALT]NATIVES TO DEPRESSION1 ! CORPORATE 0ELITE0 PREF] ! ?IRD3 TO TURN ,AM]ICA'S PRODUCTIVE FACILITIES TO ! MANUFACTURE ( WEAPONS4 ,! PRODUCTION & FREE DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS = ?OSE :O NE$ !M IS COMPLETELY ALI5 TO ! CORPORATE WAY ( LIFE4 ,9 ! WORLD'S WEAL?IE/ L&1 NOT EV5 M$ICAL TREATM5T IS AVAILABLE TO M5 :O CANNOT AF=D TO PAY ! HI< PRICES DEM&$ BY ! ,ASSOCIATION = ,M$ICAL ,APPROPRIATION4 ,IT CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$ ?AT CAPITALI/S W\LD WILL+LY DI/RIBUTE !IR GOODS AMONG ?OSE :O NE$ !M4 ,! 5TIRE 9/ITUTIONAL COMPLEX ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS NO?+ BUT A VA/ MA*9E :I* LODGES ! WORLD'S WEAL?1 PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY 9TO ! H&S ( ! RI*4 ,IF PRIVILEGE IS DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! UNPRIVILEG$1 IT CEASES TO BE PRIVILEGE4 ,IF ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY DI/RIBUT$ ITS GOODS AMONG ! WORLD'S POOR1 IT W\LD CEASE TO BE A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,RATIONAL DI/RIBUTION TO FULFILL HUMAN NE$S & ABOLI% MIS]Y MI<T BR+ ! WORLD NOT ONLY SOCIALISM1 BUT DEMOCRACY AS WELL4 ,SU* AN ALT]NATIVE IS CLE>LY 9CONSI/5T ) ! C5TRAL T5ETS ( ! ACQUISITIVE SOCIETY4 ,! SECOND WAY TO DISPOSE ( CAPITALI/ SURPLUS GOODS W\LD BE = ! CORPORATION-M5 9 ! GOV]NM5T TO USE PUBLIC TAX MONEY TO BUY CORPORATE PRODUCTS1 & TO DUMP ! PRODUCTS 9TO ! OCEAN1 OR LET !M ROT4 ,?IS IS 9 FACT DONE3 F>M]S >E PAID NOT TO GR[ ANY?+ ON F]TILE SOIL2 FRUITS >E DE/ROY$2 FOOD IS B\<T1 /OR$1 & ALL[$ TO ROT4 ,?IS ALT]NATIVE1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT APPEAL TO ! CAPITALI/S EI!R4 ,IT IS TOO CLE>LY WA/E1 & IT CANNOT BE JU/IFI$4 ,! ?IRD ALT]NATIVE--TO USE ! WORLD'S GREATE/ PRODUCTIVE FACILITIES = ! PRODUCTION ( WEAPONS--IS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE ACCEPTABLE TO ! CORPORATE 0ELITE40 ,! M>KET = WEAPONS IS A BOTTOMLESS PIT1 & ?US !RE WILL NEV] BE A 0GLUT0 ON WEAPONS4 ,DEPRESSION IS KEPT AWAY1 UNEMPLOYM5T DOES NOT REA* REVOLUTION>Y PROPORTIONS1 & PR(ITS >E EXTREMELY HI<4 ,:AT IS MORE1 ! MANUFACTURE ( WEAPONS CAN ALWAYS BE JU/IFI$ 9 T]MS ( ,NATIONAL ,GREATNESS & ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE4 ,?US ! CORPORATIONS CAN APPROPRIATE PUBLIC TAXES FROM ! SALE ( GOODS TO ! GOV]NM5T )\T ANY DANG] ( SOCIALISM OR DEMOCRACY1 S9CE ! WEAPONS SOLD TO ! GOV]NM5T S]VE ! D\BLE PURPOSE ( 9CREAS+ ! PR(ITS ( ! RI* :ILE AT ! SAME TIME PROTECT+ ?OSE PR(ITS4 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD OBS]V$1 A C5TURY & A HALF AGO1 ?AT ! CAPITALI/S 0WILL F9ALLY AV[ & MA9TA9 !IR CORRUPTION1 BY E/ABLI%+ AN IRRESI/IBLE /&+ >MY1 NOT TO DEF5D ! NATION1 BUT TO DEF5D A SY/EM = PLUND]+ ! NATION40.<#b#f#a.> 

,! W> ECONOMY IS ?US PRIM>ILY A 0SOLUTION0 TO ! ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,:AT ! CAPITALI/S CANNOT ADMIT IS ?AT ! W> ECONOMY HAS BECOME A P]MAN5T FEATURE ( LATT]- DAY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY2 ! MANUFACTURE ( 9/RUM5TS ( DEA? W\LD 9CREASE :E!R OR NOT !RE W]E EXT]NAL 5EMIES TO 0JU/IFY0 ! MAK+ ( WEAPONS4 ,! FACT ?AT ! W> ECONOMY IS A PURELY DOMES- DC AFFAIR ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY WAS REC5TLY BR\<T \T 9 A S]IES ( QUE/IONS ADDRESS$ BY A ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY 9/RUCTOR 9 A LETT] TO ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 QUE/IONS :I* C\LD NOT BE ANSW]$ )9 ! CORPORATE FRAMEWORK3 0,:AT ,S5ATOR OR ,REPRES5TATIVE FROM ,NEW ,5GL& W\LD ANN\NCE HIMSELF 9 FAVOR ( ! IMM$IATE CANCELLATION ( ALL MILIT>Y ELECTRONICS CONTRACTS8 ,H[ W\LD ! P[]FUL AIRCRAFT 9DU/RY GREET A PROPOSAL TO DISCONT9UE ! PRODUCTION ( ALL W>-PLANES & MISSILES8 ,H[ MANY ,CONGRESSM5 C\LD WAT* ) EQUANIMITY AS TWO MILLION SOLDI]S1 SAILORS & AIRM5 W]E RELEAS$ TO FLOOD ! JOB M>KET8 

0,H[ W\LD ! ,P5TAGON REACT TO ! PROSPECT ( CLOS+ D[N ,WE/ ,PO9T1 ,ANAPOLIS & ! NEWLY CREAT$ ,AIR ,=CE ,ACADEMY1 P5SION+ (F ! (FIC] CORPS1 & S5D+ HOME ! ,*IEFS ( ,/AFF8 ,JU/ H[ GREAT W\LD BE ! REJOIC+ AS COMMUNITY AFT] COMMUNITY1 9DU/RY AFT] 9DU/RY1 SAW ITSELF DEPRIV$ ( ! CONTRACTS1 9/ALLATIONS1 SUBSIDIES1 :I* HAVE MEANT ECONOMIC LIFE OR DEA? = ! PA/ TW5TY YE>S80.<#b#f#b.> ,! 0H[0 9 EA* ( ! QUE/IONS CANNOT BE ANSW]$1 BECAUSE ! SOCIETY BAS$ ON PRIVATE PR(IT CAN NO LONG] SURVIVE )\T ITS W> ECONOMY4 ,ITS ONLY ALT]NATIVE W\LD BE TO DI/RIBUTE ITS GOODS AMONG ?OSE :O NE$ !M1 REG>DLESS ( PR(ITS2 IF ?AT W]E DONE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD BECOME AN IMPORTANT MEMB] ( A COMMONWEAL? ( ALL MANK9D2 IF ?AT W]E DONE1 H[EV]1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD CEASE TO BE A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & ITS ,%>EHOLD]S W\LD HAVE TO SEEK PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYM5T BECAUSE MONEY W\LD NO LONG] 0WORK0 = !M4 

,:ILE ,%>EHOLD]S & !IR LAWY]S CON/ITUTE ! GOV]NM5T1 ! POSSIBILITY ( WORLD-WIDE DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS IS F>-FET*$4 ,! W> ECONOMY WILL BE MA9TA9$1 & TO JU/IFY ! W> ECONOMY1 5EMIES WILL BE CREAT$4 ,IT IS CONCEIVABLE ?AT1 ) ! VA/ PROPAG&A NETWORK AT !IR DISPOSAL1 ! CORPORATE RUL]S C\LD CONV9CE ! ,AM]ICAN POPULATION ( ! NECESSITY ( WEAPONS EV5 IF ! CORPORATE SOCIETY HAD NO 5EMIES4 ,?AT1 H[EV]1 IS NOT NECESS>Y4 ,! 5EMIES1 ! T5SION1 & ! PRETEXT = W> CAN BE 5DLESSLY RE-CREAT$ & MA9TA9$4 ,ALL >\ND ! GLOBE1 CAPITALI/S >E 5GAG$ 9 TAK+ ! RAW MAT]IALS & *EAP LABOR ( A REGION1 & LEAV+ HUMAN MIS]Y 9 !IR TRA94 ,! VICTIMS ( CORPORATE 5T]PRISE 9V>IABLY SEEK A WAY \T ( !IR MIS]Y BY MEANS ( REBELLION & REVOLUTION1 & AFT] LOCAT+ ! C5TRAL CAUSE ( !IR MIS]Y1 ! 0NATIVES0 SEEK TO EXPROPRIATE ! CORPORATIONS4 ,:5EV] !IR VICTIMS REBEL1 ! CORPORATIONS 9VOKE ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,CONSPIRACY1 APPEAL TO ,NATIONAL ,T\<NESS1 ,NATIONAL ,GREATNESS1 & ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE1 & AGA9 5L>GE ! MILIT>Y BUDGET4 ,S9CE ! POT5TIAL 0FIELD0 = CORPORATE 5T]PRISE IS ! 5TIRE WORLD1 & S9CE ! VICTIMS ( ! 05T]PRISE0 WILL REBEL SO LONG AS !Y REMA9 HUMAN1 ! T5SION1 ! 0PLOTS10 0?REATS10 & 0CONSPIRACIES0 BY :I* ! W> ECONOMY IS JU/IFI$ WILL BE P]MAN5TLY AVAILABLE4 ,& AS ! WORLD'S 0NATIVES0 BECOME 9CREAS+LY AW>E ?AT ! EXPROPRIATION ( CORPORATIONS IS )9 ! REALM ( POSSIBILITY1 ! 0?REATS0 & 0CONSPIRACIES0 AGA9/ ! CORPORATE WAY ( LIFE BECOME EV] MORE FREQU5T1 ,9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNISM IS 9VOK$ ) GR[+ FR5ZY1 W> CONTRACTS & W> PR(ITS CLIMB 9CONCEIVABLY4 ,BY #a#i#f#a1 IT ALREADY APPE>$ ?AT 9 A V]Y NE> FUTURE ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W\LD BE ASK$ BY !IR CORPORATE RUL]S TO 0SACRIFICE0 ALL PROJECTS :I* >E NOT RELAT$ TO ! MANUFACTURE ( WEAPONS & ! PLANN+ ( EXT]M9ATION4 

,! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY1 ?\< DESIGN$ TO MA9TA9 & P]PETUATE ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 BEGETS AN UN9T5D$ CREATURE :I* 9 TIME TURNS AGA9/ ! H& ?AT FE$S IT1 & CONV]TS ! SOCIETY 9TO A G>RISON /ATE4 ,! UN9T5D$ CREATURE IS MILIT>ISM1 & ! P[] :I* IS GIV5 TO ! MILIT>Y1 = ! DEF5SE ( CORPORATE PR(IT1 ?REAT5S TO OV]:ELM ! V]Y CAPITALI/S :O HAVE 5TRU/$ !IR =TUNE TO MILIT>Y P[]4 ,AL?\< MO/ ( ! MILIT>Y *IEFS HAVE BE5 CORPORATE CAPITALI/S1 & AL?\< ! 5TIRE MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5T IS IMBU$ ) ! IDEOLOGY ( PR(IT1 ! MORALITY ( P]SONAL GA9 IS NEV]!LESS ALI5 TO ! MILIT>Y HI]>*Y4 ,GUID$ BY A MILIT>Y DEF9ITION ( REALITY1 BY :AT ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS CALL$ ! 0MILIT>Y METAPHYSIC10 ! RUL]S ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY HAVE SEV]ELY CURTAIL$ ! *ANCES ( HUMAN SURVIVAL4 ,9 ! MILIT>Y METAPHYSIC1 ! WORLD IS DIVID$ 9TO TWO CAMPS3 ALLIES & 5EMIES4 ,AT FIR/1 EV]Y ONE OPPOS$ TO CORPORATE PLUND] WAS AN 5EMY4 ,LAT]1 ALL M5 :O PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! HUNG] & MIS]Y ( !IR [N L&S W]E ADD$ TO ! LI/ ( 5EMIES4 ,TODAY1 EV5 ?OSE :O >E OPPOS$ TO ,AM]ICAN MILIT>ISM >E LI/$ AS 5EMIES4 ,?US BY #aif ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS COMMITT$ TO A 0COLD W>0 AGA9/ ! MAJORITY ( MANK9D4 ,)9 ! RULES ( ! MILIT>Y METAPHYSIC1 =EIGN POLICY CONSI/S ( A 0GAME ( POK]0 9 :I* BOMBS >E ! C>DS & ANNIHILATION ! \TCOME4 ,NONMILIT>Y ME?ODS ( SOLV+ PROBLEMS >E 9CREAS+LY RUL$ \T1 & VIOL5CE BECOMES ! ONLY RESPONSE ( :I* ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS /ILL CAPABLE4 ,! TE*NICIANS ( ANNIHILATION >E HIR$ TO 0W9 W>S10 & ?OSE AMONG !M :O DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT NUCLE> W>S CAN BE 0WON0 MU/ P]=CE RESIGN FROM !IR JOBS4 ,?US ! MILIT>Y HI]>*Y IS MANN$ BY 9/ITUTIONAL LUNATICS :O >E PREP>$ TO LAUN* A W> :I* W\LD MEAN ! EXT]M9ATION ( ALL LIFE1 :ILE ! 0EXP]TS0 9 *>GE ( ,AM]ICAN =EIGN POLICY CONFRONT EV]Y EV5T ON ! GLOBE ) CONCEPTS ( ,DET]R5CE1 ,RETALIATION1 & ,T\<NESS4 ,! 0POK] GAME0 :I* ! MILIT>Y' TE*NICIANS PLAY IS A T]RIBLE NIHILISM 9 :I* HUMAN CONSID]ATIONS >E IRRELEVANT4 ,ALONG ) ANCI5T ,SP>TA1 FASCI/ ,ITALY & ,NAZI ,G]MANY1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BECOME A MILIT>Y SOCIETY :OSE SOLE 0NATIONAL PURPOSE0 IS ! DEA? ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,) ITS W> ECONOMY1 ITS MILIT>I/ ATTITUDE1 & ITS ORI5TATION TO VIOL5CE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DOES NOT SUB/ANTIALLY DIFF] FROM ,NAZI ,G]MANY1 EXCEPT ?AT ! ,NAZI MILIT>Y' MA*9E DID NOT HAVE ! P[] TO DE/ROY ALL LIFE ON E>?4 ,& ! ,AM]ICAN POPULATION HAS BE5 TRA9$ TO UNQUE/ION+ OB$I5CE4 ,:5 SIR5S R+1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE SUBMISSIVELY CRAWL UND]GR\ND TO 0PRACTICE0 = ! DAY :5 ! HOLOCAU/ IS SET (F4 ,!Y WILL SUFFOCATE 9 !IR UND]GR\ND 0%ELT]S10 S9CE ! HEAT CAUS$ BY AN ATOMIC EXPLOSION WILL SUCK UP ALL ! OXYG54 ,! ,AM]ICANS /ILL PAY LIP-S]VICE TO ! ,*RI/IAN H]O ,JESUS ( ,NAZ>E? :O1 IF HE LIV$ TODAY1 W\LD LEAD !M TO ! *AMB]S ( ! CORPORATE RUL]S1 TURN OV] !IR 0POK]0 TABLES1 & HURL !IR WEAPONS 9TO ! SEA4 ,BUT ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE DO NOT TRAVEL 9 MASS TO !IR ,P5TAGON TO H\ND \T ! CRACKPOT 0REALI/S0 :O PLAY 0POK]0 ) !IR LIVES4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE CRAWL OB$I5TLY 9TO UND]GR\ND 0%ELT]S40 ,& ?OSE FEW--V]Y FEW--:O REFUSE TO 0PRACTICE0 = ! ANNIHILATION ( MANK9D1 & REFUSE TO CRAWL 9TO ! UND]GR\ND 0%ELT]S10 RECEIVE JAIL S5T5CES 9 CRIM9AL C\RTS FROM JUDGES :O >E ONLY 5=C+ ! 0LAWS0 PASS$ BY !IR SUP]IORS4 ,! ,ADOLF ,EI*MANN'S ( ,AM]ICA WILL D\BTLESS PLEAD !Y W]E ONLY OBEY+ ! ORD]S ( !IR SUP]IORS1 BUT !RE WILL BE NO AUDI5CES TO HE> !IR PLEAS4 ,JUDGES & SOLDI]S1 SCI5TI/S1 5G9E]S & WEAPON-MAK]S1 WILL ALL HAVE BE5 DO+ !IR JOBS1 OB$I5TLY DEF5D+ ! CORPORATE WAY ( LIFE1 :5 ALL LIFE IS 9C9]AT$ ) ?\S& DEGREES ( RADIOACTIVE HEAT4 

 "9"9"9 

,:ILE ! PHYSICAL ANNIHILATION ( ALL LIFE HAS BECOME ! AIM ( CORPORATE 0=EIGN POLICY10 ! PSY*OLOGICAL ANNIHILATION ( HUMAN BE+S HAS BECOME ! AIM ( 0DOME/IC POLICY40 ,ALL HUMAN ACTIVITY IS TRIVIALIZ$1 IDEALS >E DEGRAD$1 M5 >E DEHUMANIZ$1 REASON IS PUT AT ! S]VICE ( IRRATIONALITY1 & TOTAL ANNIHILATION IS A GAME1 9 ! SOCIETY ?AT CALLS ITSELF ,! ,WE/ & SPEAKS ( ITSELF AS A 0CIVILIZATION40 

,! ALL-EMBRAC+ NIHILISM ( ! G>RISON /ATE IS P]HAPS AN UN9T5D$ \TCOME ( CORPORATE 0FRE$OM10 BUT ! NEGATION ( HUMAN NE$S & 9T]E/S HAS ALWAYS ACCOMPANI$ AN >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? & PRIVILEGE4 ,OBVI\SLY 0! FEW0 CAN MA9TA9 !IR PRIVILEGES ONLY BY TAK+ !M FROM 0! MASS ( MANK9D40 ,P]HAPS ! PECULI>ITY1 AS WELL AS ! P[]1 ( ! ,AM]ICAN >I/OCRACY1 CAN BE TRAC$ TO ! EFFECTIV5ESS ) :I* ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TRA9$ TO ID5TITY !IR 9T]E/S ) ! 9T]E/S ( ! RI*4 ,PREVI\S >I/OCRACIES HAD OP5LY AV[$ !IR PLUND] ( ! RE/ ( HUMANITY1 & HAD CLAIM$ TO HAVE A RI<T TO PLUND]1 G5]ALLY 0DIV9E40 ,! CAPITALI/ >I/OCRACY1 H[EV]1 DID NOT AV[ ITS PLUND]2 IT CLAIM$1 9 FACT1 TO ACT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ALL O!R M54 ,?US1 9/EAD ( BANI%+ ! IDEALS ( O!R M51 AS PREVI\S >I/OCRACIES HAD DONE1 ! CAPITALI/S ID5TIFI$ ) ?OSE IDEALS1 & CLAIM$ TO FULFILL !M4 

,9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ! DEMOCRATIC IDEALS W]E NOT DISC>D$1 AS ! /RAI<T=W>D ,HAMILTON & HIS >I/OCRATIC FOLL[]S W\LD HAVE WANT$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 CAPITALI/S CLAIM$ ! DEMOCRATIC IDEALS HAD BE5 FULFILL$ BY ! CAPITALI/ C\P D'ETAT ( #a#g#h#g4 ,! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? CLAIM$ TO FULFILL IDEALS & NE$S :ILE AT ! SAME TIME MANIPULAT+ ?OSE V]Y IDEALS & NE$S4 

,= MORE ?AN ONE & A HALF C5TURIES1 ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S HAVE JUSRIFL$ ! REGIME ( PR(IT-MAK+ BY CIT+ ,ELECTIONS1 ,REPRES5TATIVES1 & ,POLITICAL ,P>TIES4 ,! SUBJECT HAS GA!R$ SO MU* FOG DUR+ ! HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM ?AT IT W\LD BE WOR?:ILE TO REVIEW ! EI<TE5? C5TURY VIEW ( !SE 9/ITUTIONS1 & TO TRY TO ASC]TA9 :E!R CAPITALISM FULFILL$ OR BETRAY$ !M4 ,9 A DEMOCRATIC CONTEXT1 EA* WAS TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! CREATION ( ! HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,! IMAG9ATIVE 9SI<TS ( ANY MAN W]E TO BE JUDG$ 9 T]MS ( !IR [N VALUE1 NOT 9 T]MS ( ! MAN'S P[] OR WEAL?4 ,S9CE1 H[EV]1 !RE W]E TOO MANY CITIZ5S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ALL TO MEET 9 ONE PLACE & 5ACT !IR WILL DIRECTLY1 M5 DELEGAT$ !IR P[]S TEMPOR>ILY TO !IR PE]S1 & ! DELEGATES W]E TO BE RESPONSIBLE REPRES5TATIVES :O W\LD 5ACT 9 SMALL NUMB]S :AT ALL W\LD HAVE DONE DIRECTLY4 ,CLE>LY !SE IDEAS W]E NOT LOCAT$ 9 AN >I/OCRATIC CONTEXT4 ,NO ONE WAS UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT ELECTIONS1 REPRES5TATIVES1 OR ANY O!R DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTION C\LD FUNCTION DEMOCRATICALLY IF AN >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? EXI/$4 ,IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT 9/ITUTIONS DESIGN$ TO PRES]VE EQUALITY & P>TICIPATION C\LD HAVE NO MEAN+ :]E !RE EXI/$ NO EQUALITY OR P>TICIPATION TO PRES]VE4 ,HUMAN HI/ORY OV]FL[S ) 9/ANCES :5 ! CONT5T ( IDEAS *ANG$2 BUT 9 ,AM]ICA ! CONT5T ( DEMOCRATIC IDEAS WAS ACTUALLY REV]S$4 ,! FACT ?AT M5 ( WEAL? C\LD NOT POSSIBLY BE 0REPRES5TATIVES0 ?AT !Y W\LD GOV]N EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! 9T]E/ ( WEAL?1 WAS NOT FIR/ DISCOV]$ BY ,K>L ,M>X4 ,! CONS]VATIVE SECOND ,PRESID5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 ,JOHN ,ADAMS1 EXPRESS$ HIMSELF UNAMBIGU\SLY 9 ?IS REG>D1 0,IT IS NOT TRUE1 9 FACT1 ?AT ANY PEOPLE EV] EXI/$ :O LOV$ ! PUBLIC BETT] ?AN !MSELVES1 !IR PRIVATE FRI5DS1 NEI<BORS1 @&C4 & !RE=E ?IS L& ( VIRTUE1 ?IS SORT ( LOVE1 IS AS PREC>I\S A F\NDATION = LIB]TY AS HONOR OR FE>40.<#b#f#c.> ,ADAMS' AGR>IAN OPPON5T ,JOHN ,TAYLOR EXPRESS$ ?IS 9SI<T EV5 MORE =CEFULLY1 0,IT IS A MATT] ( SURPRISE ?AT MANK9D %\LD [E !IR GREATE/ CALAMITIES TO ! TWO MO/ RESPECTABLE HUMAN *>ACT]S1 PRIE/S & PATRIOTS1 FROM A POLITICAL GLUTTONY1 LIKE ?AT ( SWALL[+ TOO MU* FOOD1 H[EV] GOOD4 ,IF RESPONSIBILITY TO ,GOD CANNOT CURE PRIE/S ( ! VICES :I* 9FECT LEGISLATIVE P>TIES ( 9T]E/1 :AT SECURITY LIES 9 A RESPONSIBILITY TO MAN8 ,IF ! LOVE ( S\LS CANNOT AWAK5 9TEGRITY1 LAID TO SLEEP BY ?IS SPECIES ( LEGISLATIVE PATRONAGE1 WILL IT BE AWAK5$ BY A LOVE ( WEAL? & P[]8.<#b#f#d.> 0,IT IS ! SAME ?+ TO A NATION :E!R IT IS SUBJECT$ TO ! WILL ( A M9ORITY1 BY SUP]/ITION1 CONQUE/1 OR PATRONAGE & PAP]4 ,:E!R ?IS 5D IS G5]AT$ BY ]R\R1 BY =CE1 OR BY FRAUD1 ! 9T]E/ ( ! NATION IS 9V>IABLY SACRIFIC$ TO ! 9T]E/ ( ! M9ORITY40.<#b#f#e.> ,POLITICAL P>TIES & ELECTORAL MA*9]Y :I* FL\RI%$ 9 AN ACQUISITIVE CONTEXT W\LD 9V>IABLY BE F\ND$ ON ACCUMULATION4 ,SU* P>TIES & ELECTIONS W\LD BECOME 9/RUM5TS ( PLUND]4 ,ANCI5T ,ROME HAD TWO P>TIES1 & IT HAD ELECTIONS1 BUT ANCI5T ,ROME HAS NEV] BE5 HAIL$ AS A MODEL DEMOCRACY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,F$]ALI/ ,ADAMS1 0,SPECULATION & USURY KEPT ! /ATE 9 P]PETUAL BROILS4 ,! PATRICIANS USURP$ ! L&S & ! PLEBIANS DEM&$ AGR>IAN LAWS4 ,! PATRICIANS L5T MONEY AT EXORBITANT 9T]E/ & ! PLEBIANS W]E SOMETIMES UNABLE & ALWAYS UNWILL+ TO PAY IT4 ,!SE W]E ! CAUSES ( DIVID+ ! PEOPLE 9TO TWO P>TIES1 AS DI/9CT & JEAL\S1 & ALMO/ AS HO/ILE TO EA* O!R1 AS TWO NATIONS40.<#b#f#f.> ,& ,JOHN ,TAYLOR ANALYZ$ ,AM]ICA'S 0TWO-P>TY SY/EM0 LONG BE=E ! SY/EM HAD ACQUIR$ A HI/ORY1 & HIS OBS]VATIONS W]E LITTLE %ORT ( PROPHETIC1 ?\< P]HAPS ANY 9TELLIG5T OBS]V] MI<T HAVE REA*$ SIMIL> CONCLUSIONS4 ,POLITICAL P>TIES1 & ! ELECTORAL MA*9ES BY :I* !Y COME TO P[]1 WILL NOT S]VE DEMOCRATIC PURPOSES 9 AN ACQUISITIVE SOCIETY1 BUT PRECISELY ! OPPOSITE3 0444BE+ 9 TRU? PRODUC$ BY ! MASS ( PROP]TY TRANSF]R$ BY FUND+1 BANK+ & PATRONAGE1 CREAT+ 7TO BORR[ ,MR4 ,HUME'S PHRASE7 AN >I/OCRACY ( 9T]E/1 !Y YET EXI/1 BECAUSE !SE LAWS DIVID$ ! NATION 9TO A M9ORITY 5RI*$1 & A MAJORITY FURNI%+ ! RI*ES2 & TWO P>TIES1 SEEK]S & DEF5D]S ( WEAL?1 >E AN UNAVOIDABLE CONSEQU5CE4 ,ALL P>TIES1 H[EV] LOYAL TO PR9CIPLES AT FIR/1 DEG5]ATE 9TO >I/OCRACIES ( 9T]E/ AT LA/2 & UNLESS A NATION IS CAPABLE ( DISC]N+ ! PO9T :]E 9TEGRITY 5DS & FRAUD BEG9S1 POPUL> P>TIES >E AMONG ! SURE/ MODES ( 9TRODUC+ AN >I/OCRACY40.<#b#f#g.> ,TAYLOR'S CONCLUSION IS ?AT POLITICAL P>TIES >E AN (F%OOT1 NOT ( ,AM]ICA'S DEMOCRATIC IDEAL1 BUT ( ITS CAPITALI/ REALITY4 0,9 :ATEV] NUM]ICAL CLASS A GOV]NM5T IS >RANG$1 A P[] ( ADVANC+ ! WEAL? ( ONE P>T ( ! NATION1 BY CIVIL LAWS1 WILL BE US$ BY ITS SUCCESSIVE ADM9I/RATORS TO OBTA9 A CORRUPT 9FLU5CE1 :OLLY 9CONSI/5T ) ANY GOOD MORAL PR9CIPLES 9T]WOV5 9 A CON/ITUTION1 & C]TA9LY DE/RUCTIVE ( !M4 

0,EV]Y P>TY ( 9T]E/1 :E!R A NOBLE1 A RELIGI\S1 OR A MILIT>Y ORD]2 OR CREAT$ BY A CORRUPT+ DEGREE ( LEGISLATIVE OR EXECUTIVE PATRONAGE2 OR BY USURP+ A P[] ( REGULAT+ PROP]TY BY MEANS ( PAP] CR$IT1 *>T]S OR FRAUDUL5T W>S2 IS ! 9/RUM5T & ALLY ( ! P[] BY :I* ITS 9T]E/ CAN BE F$ OR />V$4 ,IT MU/ ACQUIRE AN 9FLU5CE OV] LEGISLATION1 BO? TO DO ITS [N WORK1 & ! WORK ( ! P[] IT S]VES4444 

0,?IS GAME BETWE5 POLITICAL & PECUNI>Y P>TIES1 IS PRECISELY ! CAUSE BY :I* FREE1 MOD]ATE1 & HONE/ F>MS ( GOV]NM5T >E DE/ROY$4440.<#b#f#h.> ,& WOR/ ( ALL1 P]HAPS1 IS ! FACT ?AT EV5 ?OSE :O MAY />T !IR POLITICAL C>E] ) A S9C]E DESIRE TO S]VE ! PUBLIC GOOD1 >E CORRUPT$ AFT] JO9+ ! 9/ITUTION & P>TAK+ ( ! PLUND] :I* ! P>TIES (F]4 0,!SE P>TIES PLEAD PATRIOTISM TO IGNORANCE & CR$ULITY1 & (F] WEAL? & P[] TO AV>ICE & AMBITION4 ,! MO/ FRAUDUL5T IS L\DE/ 9 PR(ESSIONS ( ZEAL = ! PUBLICK GOOD444 BECAUSE ! VICI\S PR9CIPLE ( CREAT+ WEAL? BY LAW1 HAV+ DEBAU*$ ! M9DS ( ! AUDI5CE1 NO DI%ONE/Y APPE>S TO BE ATTA*$ TO ANY EXCESSES ( LEGISLATIVE ROBB]Y4 ,AUDACITY OR DELUSION AT L5G? 9CULCATES AN OP9ION1 ?AT HE :O REFUSES TO SURR5D] HIS CONSCI5CE & HIS UND]/&+ TO SOME P>TY1 IS A KNAVE OR A FOOL2 A KNAVE1 9 PRET5D+ TO HONE/Y UND] A LEGISLATIVE DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?2 & A FOOL1 = PREF]R+ HOPELESS EF=TS TO S]VE ! PUBLICK1 TO HIS [N AGGR&IZEM5T AT ! PUBLICK EXP5SE4 ,?US ! MAXIMS TAU<T BY ! LEGAL 9T]C\RSE BETWE5 POLITICAL & PECUNI>Y P>TIES REV]SE ! DICTATES ( COMMON S5SE & COMMON HONE/Y4 ,KNAVES OR FOOLS ONLY1 SURR5D] !IR DUTIES & RI<TS TO P>T_>' DESPOTISM4 ,KNAVES1 TO GET A %>E 9 ITS ACQUISITIONS2 FOOLS1 BECAUSE !Y >E DECEIV$4 ,CAN AN HONE/ MAN ( S\ND UND]/&+ ?9K HIMSELF B\ND BY WISDOM OR DUTY1 TO GIVE OR SELL HIMSELF TO ONE ( TWO P>TIES1 PROMPT$ BY 9T]E/ & AMBITION TO IMPAIR ! PUBLICK GOODR ,>E M5 B\ND BY WISDOM OR HONOR TO TAKE SIDE ) ONE ( TWO COMPETITORS1 IF BO? >E ROBB]S OR USURP]S8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 AS NEI!R C\LD SUCCE$ EXCEPT BY DIVID+ ! NATIONAL =CE BETWE5 !M1 A NATION ( FOOLS ONLY C\LD BE DRAWN 9TO A DIVISION1 9 :I* ! SUCCESS ( EI!R P>TY1 IS A CALAMITY TO A MAJORITY ( BO?4444 ,P>TIES1 LIKE USURP]S1 ACQUIRE NO?+ FROM EA* O!R4 #a HE RI* SPOILS ( A GALLANT BUT DELUD$ NATION1 W]E ! FRUITS GA!R$ BY ! :IG & TORY P>TIES FROM ! OP9ION--?AT IT IS KNAV]Y TO ADH]E TO ! PUBLICK 9T]E/1 & FOLLY TO EX]CISE ONE'S [N JUDGM5T4 ,?US ELECTION1 DESIGN$ TO ADVANCE ?IS 9T]E/1 IS CONV]T$ 9TO AN 9/RUM5T = P>TIES2 & ?AT :I* IS SUCCESSFUL1 HA/5S TO REAP ! TRANSITORY H>VE/ BY LEGISLATIVE ABUSES1 DUR+ ! DELIRIUM ( VICTORY1 UNTIL ! CRIMES MAKE ROOM = A RIVAL1 EQUALLY UNRE/RA9$1 :I* FOLL[S ITS PREC$5TS1 REPEATS ITS FRAUDS1 & EXP]I5CES ITS FATE4 ,BY CONSID]+ ZEAL = P>TY AS MORE WISE OR HONORABLE1 ?AN A ZEAL = GOOD OR BAD LAWS1 A NATION IS ?US P]PETUALLY SUSP5D$ 9 A /ATE ( POLITICAL W>F>E1 PREGNANT ONLY ) AGGRAVATIONS & CALAMITY40.<#b#f#i.> 

,! P>TIES QUICKLY CEAS$ TO REFLECT ANYONE'S IDEALS & BECAME POLITICAL FACTORIES = ! PRODUCTION & SALE ( VOTES & C&IDATES4 ,& ! DILEMMA ( *OOS+ 0REPRES5TATIVES0 WAS 0SOLV$0 BY ! APPE>ANCE ( ! ,P>TY ,BOSS4 ,! ,BOSS1 :OM ,MAX ,WEB] HAS APPROPRIATELY CALL$ A POLITICAL CAPITALI/1 IS A MAN :OSE ONLY 9T]E/ 9 POLITICAL ISSUES IS !IR POPUL>ITY2 = :OM A PR9CIPLE IS A COMMODITY VALU$ 9 T]MS ( ! VOTES IT WILL FET*4 ,?\< HIMSELF NEI!R ELECT$ NOR SELECT$ NOR APPROV$ BY ! PUBLIC1 HE MAKES ! *OICE ( ! C&IDATES = :OM ! PUBLIC WILL 0VOTE40 ,! ,BOSS *OOSES A C&IDATE NOT = HIS PR9CIPLES BUT = HIS 0APPEAL40 ,G5]ALLY TI$1 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 TO ! /AGG]+ ,AM]ICAN 0UND]GR\ND0 ( GAMBL+1 RACKETE]+ & GRAFT1 ! ,BOSS WILL OCCASIONALLY PUT UP = ELECTION EV5 A C&IDATE :O OPPOSES ,BOSSISM & ,GRAFT1 PROVID$ SU* A C&IDATE CAN BE MADE TO 0APPEAL0 TO ! VOT]S1 & ON CONDITION ?AT ! C&IDATE GIVE UP HIS PRE-ELECTION RHETORIC AFT] ! ELECTION4 ,IDEALISM & D$ICATION >E NEV] F\ND 9 ,AM]ICAN POLITICIANS2 SU* 0S5TIM5TALITY0 CANNOT COEXI/ ) ! ,BOSS4 ,SOCIOLOGI/S :O >E TRA9$ TO BELIEVE ?IS IS ,DEMOCRACY CLAIM TO BE APPALL$ BY ! 9DIFF]5CE & APA?Y ! ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5 DISPLAYS T[>D HIS ,GREAT ,DEMOCRATIC ,H]ITAGE4 ,APOLOGI/S CLAIM ?AT ?R\< ?IS PROCESS1 0CONT5D+ FACTIONS0 SOMEH[ ATTA9 A 0BALANCE ( 9T]E/S40 ,!RE >E MANY !ORIES ( ,BALANCE1 RANG+ FROM ! ELEM5T>Y-S*OOL TEXTBOOK DOCTR9E :I* EQUATES ! ,AM]ICAN WIDI ! ANCI5T ,ROMAN SY/EM ( ,*ECKS & ,BALANCES BR\<T AB\T BY 09DEP5D5T0 EXECUTIVE1 JUDICIAL & LEGISLATIVE DEP>TM5TS1 TO ! MORE ESOT]IC SOCIOLOGICAL !ORIES :I* CLAIM ?AT A 0PLURALITY ( 9T]E/S0 0C\NT]VAIL0 AGA9/ EA* O!R & ?US CREATE A POLITICAL BALANCE SIMIL> TO ! ECONOMIC 0BALANCE0 A*IEV$ BY ,ADAM ,SMI?'S ,9VISIBLE ,H&4 ,:AT ! ELEM5T>Y S*OOL !ORY DOES NOT TEA* ! Y\NG IS ?AT IF ! SAME 9T]E/S >E 9 CONTROL ( ALL ! 09DEP5D5T DEP>TM5TS0 !N !RE C\LD BE FIFTE5 9/EAD ( ?REE DEP>TM5TS & ! 0*ECKS & BALANCES0 W\LD /ILL FAVOR ! SAME GR\P ( M54 ,& :AT ! ,SOCIOLOGI/S =GET TO M5TION1 AS ,ADAM ,SMI? ALSO =GOT TO M5TION1 IS ?AT )9 ! 0PLURALITY ( CONT5D+ FACTIONS10 ! FACTIONS ?AT CONT5D MO/ EFFECTIVELY >E ?OSE ?AT CAN F9ANCIALLY AF=D TO DO SO1 & ?AT ! WEAL?IE/ HAVE ! BE/ LEV]AGE = A FAVORABLE 0BALANCE40 ,! FACT ?AT ! RI* CONT5D ) EA* O!R = ! GREATE/ FAVORS DOES NOT FUR!R ! 9T]E/S ( ! POOR1 EI!R 9 ,AM]ICA OR 9 ,ROME4 ,UND] FEUDALISM1 TOO1 FACTIONS ( NOBLEM5 CONT5D$ = ! K+'S FAVOR1 BUT ?IS DID NOT MAKE FEUDALISM DEMOCRATIC4 ,AS ,TAYLOR PO9T$ \T1 ?IS PROCESS IS NO MORE CONTROLL$ BY1 NOR MORE B5EFICIAL TO ! ,AM]ICAN POPULATION1 ?AN ! LAC]ATION ( AN 9DIVIDUAL'S B[ELS IS CONTROLL$ BY1 OR B5EFICIAL TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 0,IF Y\ HAD SE5 ! VULTURE PREY+ UPON ! 5TRAILS ( ! AGONIZ$ ,PROME!US1 W\LD Y\ HAVE BELIEV$1 ?\< ,PLUTO HIMSELF HAD SWORN IT1 ?AT ! VULTURE WAS UND] ! CONTROL ( ,PROME!US8 ,IF Y\ C\LD NOT HAVE BELIEV$ ?IS1 NEI!R CAN Y\ BELIEVE1 ?AT ! CONCUB9AGE BETWE5 A GOV]NM5T1 & ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 IS AN ORGAN ( NATIONAL OP9ION1 OR ( ! WEAL?1 VIRTUE & TAL5TS ( ! NATION1 & NOT A CONSPIRACY BETWE5 AV>ICE & AMBITION2 BECAUSE1 IT IS AS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT A NATION %\LD D]IVE PLEASURE FROM A GOV]NM5T F\ND$ 9 ! PR9CIPLE ( VORACI\SNESS1 AS ! MAN FROM ! LAC]ATION ( HIS B[ELS40.<#b#g.> 

,YET ! LAC]ATION ( ! B[ELS HAS BECOME SY/EMATIC 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 IT HAS BECOME A SCI5CE4 ,L>GE 0FIELDS0 ( RESE>* & CALCULATION 9VE/IGATE ! MEANS TO MANIPULATE ! IRRATIONALITY1 GULLIBILITY' & 9SECURITY ( ,AM]ICAN 0VOT]S0 TO GET !M TO 0EJECT0 C&IDATES ON NO ISSUES :ATEV]4 ,VA/ POLITICAL MA*9ES EXPLOIT FE>1 5VY1 HATR$1 & DESIRE = SELF-AGGR&IZEM5T4 ,?IS REF9EM5T & /IMULATION ( ! WOR/ HUMAN TRAITS IS :AT REMA9S ( ! 0BALANCE ( CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S40 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,CITIZ5 IS CONDEMN$ TO C>RY' ON ACTIVITIES HE HAS NOT *OS5 & DOES NOT UND]/&1 :ILE BE+ 0REPRES5T$ BY ! V]Y M5 :O PLUND] & MANIPULATE HIM4 ,SU* A ,CITIZ5 DOES NOT P>TICIPATE4 ,HE IS US$4 ,YET1 UNLIKE HIS REVOLUTION>Y PR$ECESSORS1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,CITIZ5 DOES NOT REBEL4 ,HE /&S SIL5TLY ON LONG L9ES 9 ! EMPLOYM5T (FICES & WAITS PATI5TLY TO BE GRANT$ P]MISSION TO WORK = ONE OR ANO!R CAPITALI/4 ,ONCE HIR$1 HE DOES NOT QUE/ION HIS BOSS'S RI<T TO EMPLOY 7USE7 HIM2 RA!R HE IS GRATEFUL TO HAVE F\ND A CAPITALI/ :O CAN USE HIM4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! SY/EM IS SO VA/1 SO ALL-P]VAD+2 ! IDEOLOGY IS SO EFFECTIVELY 9T]NALIZ$4 ,:AT IS SO OBVI\S TO AN EXT]NAL OBS]V] IS SO BEFOGG$ ) A MYRIAD ( OBSCURITIES TO ?OSE 9SIDE4 ,IF A FACTORY [N] ASK$ 0HIS0 WORK]S TO 0VOTE0 ON :I* ( HIS TWO SONS %\LD BE ! NEXT [N]1 ! WORK]S W\LD LAU<4 ,IF ! CAPITALI/ !N ASK$ ! WORK]S TO CONTRIBUTE FROM !IR WAGES TO SUPPORT ?IS C]EMONY1 ! WORK]S W\LD REFUSE4 ,IF1 AFT] SU* AN 0ELECTION10 ! CAPITALI/ CLAIM$ ! WORK]S HAD *OS5 ! 0REPRES5TATIVE0 :O %\LD BE BOSS OV] !M1 & CONSEQU5TLY ?AT ! FACTORY CONDITIONS >E !IR [N FAULT1 ?AT ! CAPITALI/ IS DO+ HIS BE/ = !M1 ! WORK]S W\LD SEE! ) 9DIGNATION4 ,& IF1 F9ALLY1 ! WORK]S W]E TOLD ?AT ! ONLY WAY !Y C\LD *ANGE !IR CONDITIONS W\LD BE 0VOT+0 = ! CAPITALI/'S O!R SON AT ! ELECTION1 ! WORK]S W\LD REBEL2 !Y W\LD DEM& ?AT1 IF ! FACTORY CONDITIONS DEP5D ON !M1 !N !Y %\LD !MSELVES RUN ! FACTORY4 ,( C\RSE1 NO CAPITALI/ W\LD D>E TO CLAIM ?AT 0HIS0 WORK]S RUN 0HIS0 CORPORATION4 ,CAPITALI/S RES]VE ?IS FANTA/IC CLAIM = ! NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 & ON ?AT LEVEL ! ISSUES BECOME SO L>GE1 SO OBSCURE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE NOT ONLY TAKE !IR 0BALLOT- BOXES0 S]I\SLY2 !Y GO OB$I5TLY TO !M EV]Y TWO OR F\R YE>S TO CA/ !IR VOTES2 !Y GIVE FROM !IR WAGES TO SUPPORT ! P>TIES2 & 9 ! 5D !Y >E PR\D ( ! CAPITALI/S !Y'VE 0ELECT$0 TO RUN OV] !M4 ,& ANYONE :O %\LD CALL ! BLUFF1 :O %\LD D>E TO TAKE ! DEMOCRATIC PR(ESSIONS S]I\SLY1 CAN BE CALL$ BE=E ! ,SUBV]SIVE ,ACTIVITIES ,CONTROL ,BO>D TO ANSW] = ! CRIME ( HAV+ 0DANG]\S ?\<TS02 ANYONE :O %\LD D>E TO URGE M5 TO DISC>D ! FRAUDUL5T 0FRE$OM0 !Y'VE BE5 BRA9WA%$ TO ACCEPT1 CAN BE MADE TO ANSW] ) HIS LIFE 9 ,DEMOCRATIC ,AM]ICA4 ,9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 EA* MAN IS NOT ! MA/] ( ! CONDITIONS ( HIS LIFE2 M5 DO NOT %>E EQUAL WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE4 ,AS 9 ! SLAVE & S]F SOCIETIES ( =M] TIMES1 MA/]S SET ! CONDITIONS1 & SLAVES FIT !MSELVES TO ! CONDITIONS2 MA/]S DIRECT & CONTROL1 :ILE SLAVES DO ! WORK4 ,SLAVES >E NOT P>TICIPANTS 9 ! CREATION ( !IR COMMUNITY2 !Y DO NOT EX]T CONTROL OV] ! IMPORTANT AFFAIRS ( !IR SOCIETY2 EV5 !IR RI<T TO LIFE IS A FAVOR BE/[$ ON !M BY !IR MA/]S4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ATOMIC >S5AL IS DESCRIB$ AS A GU>ANTEE ( ,HUMAN ,FRE$OM & ,DIGNITY1 AS A PROTECTION ( ,DEMOCRACY4 ,YET IS ?IS ! DEMOCRACY :I* CAN JU/IFY ! BURN+ ( HUMANITY ) MEGATON BOMBS8 ,IS ?IS ! FRE$OM :OSE PROTECTION C\LD W>RANT ! TAK+ ( A S+LE HUMAN LIFE8 

,! TAK+ ( LIFE IS NOT A CRIME 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 PROVID$ IT IS TAK5 ON A L>GE 5\< SCALE4 ,LIFE HAS BE5 DE-VALU$2 ! DEGRADATION ( HUMAN IDEALS HAS BE5 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! DEHUMANIZATION ( M5 & ! TRIVIALIZATION ( M5'S ACTIVITIES4 ,9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ALL ACTIVITY HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO M>KET ACTIVITY3 ! RELATIONS ( BUY+1 SELL+ & PR(IT+ HAVE IMPOS$ !MSELVES 9TO ALL FACETS ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,POLITICAL ACTIVITY AS A MEANS ( *ANG+ ! BASIC CONDITIONS ( LIFE DOES NOT EXI/ 9 ! L& ?AT LI/S ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON AMONG ITS ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS4 ,! CONDITIONS ( CORPORATE LIFE--BUY+1 SELL+1 & PR(IT-MAK+-->E ACCEPT$ AS ,GOD-GIV51 ET]NAL1 & UN*ANG+1 & !Y >E NEV] QUE/ION$2 !Y >E ACCEPT$ AS IF BUY+1 SELL+ & PR(IT-SEEK+ W]E ! ET]NAL PATT]NS ( ALL NATURE1 & ( ! />S AS WELL4 ,) ! CONDITIONS ?US ACCEPT$ & 9T]NALIZ$1 ?AT IS1 )9 SU* AN IDEOLOGICAL CONTEXT1 POLITICS BECOMES M]ELY ANO!R MEANS ( ACQUIR+ WEAL? & P[]4 ,AS A RESULT1 ,AM]ICAN POLITICS TAKES =M 9 VA/ HI]>*IES ( P[] ) NO OV]T POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY & NO POLITICAL PURPOSE4 ,! PURPOSE ( ! POLITICAL HI]>*Y IS AS UNQUE/ION$ AS ! PURPOSE ( ! CORPORATE HI]>*IES ( C\RI]S & FIL+ EXP]TS4 ,EV]YONE IS 09 IT0 TO GET 0HIS10 & NO ONE C>ES :AT ! :OLE DAMN ?+ IS =4 ,AS 9 ! CORPORATE HI]>*Y1 EV]YONE 9 ! POLITICAL HI]>*Y S]VES SOMEONE ELSE1 & NO ONE IS RESPONSIBLE4 ,PROBABLY ! ,BOSS IS ! MO/ P[]FUL FIGURE 9 ! POLITICAL HI]>*Y1 BUT ! ,BOSS IS NOT ELECT$1 HE IS NOT SE52 ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL MY?OLOGY1 ! ,BOSS DOES NOT EXI/4 7,OCCASIONALLY ! MY?OLOGY IS EMB>RASS$1 ESPECIALLY :5 C]TA9 BOSSES GO \T ( !IR WAY TO MAKE PUBLIC APPE>ANCES & GET !IR PICTURES 9 NEWSPAP]S47 ,! ,BOSS MAY HAVE ! P[]1 BUT HIS 9T]E/S >E ALL NONPOLITICAL2 HIS FUNCTION IS TO SUCK AS MU* WEAL? AS POSSIBLE \T ( HIS MA*9E4 ,! MORE VISIBLE POLITICIANS HAVE LITTLE TO DO ) POLITICS3 !Y >E BUS9ESS M5 & CORPORATE LAWY]S1 CONC]N$ ) ! PR(ITS ( !IR CORPORATIONS2 POLITICAL ISSUES DO NOT CONC]N !M EXCEPT AS POSSIBLE ?REATS TO CORPORATE PR(ITS1 & 9 ANY CASE1 CAU<T AS !Y >E BETWE5 BOSS1 EXP]T & BUREAUCRAT1 !Y CAN H>DLY FEEL URG5CY AB\T PROBLEMS ?AT SEEM SO REMOTE4 ,BEL[ ! POLITICIANS >E ! V>I\S TYPES ( ADM9I/RATORS1 JUDGES1 POLICEM51 ALL ( :OM >E CONC]N$ ) ! MANAGEM5T & MA9T5ANCE ( EXI/+ P[] RELATIONS4 ,FROM TOP TO BOTTOM1 ! POLITICAL HI]>*Y IS A SY/EM = PRES]V+ ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RELATIONS ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,?OSE CONC]N$ ) *ANG+ ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE >E EXCLUD$ FROM ,AM]ICAN 0POLITICS40 

,9 ! SOCIETY DEVOT$ TO BUY+1 SELL+ & PR(IT-MAK+1 $UCATION & KN[L$GE >E R$UC$ TO F9ANCIAL 0ASSETS40 ,A /UD5T IS SOMEONE :O 09VE/S0 9 $UCATION4 ,AN $UCAT$ MAN IS E/EEM$ = ! SIZE ( HIS 9COME1 ! PRICE ( HIS C>1 ! 0NAME0 ( ! S*OOL OR CORPORATION HE WORKS =1 & ! NUMB] ( M5 HE'S 9 *>GE (4 ,*EMI/RY1 PHYSICS1 MA!MATICS1 5G9E]+1 >E CONV]T$ TO 9/RUM5TS = ! MANUFACTURE ( COMMODITIES & WEAPONS4 ,! SCI5TI/1 :OM ,WE/]N TRADITION HAD CR[N$ ,PURSU] ( ,TRU?1 TODAY SELLS HIS KN[L$GE TO ! CORPORATION OR MILIT>Y BRAN* ?AT HIRES HIM1 & TEA*]S ( SCI5CE TRA9 !IR /UD5TS 9 ! >TS ( MAK+ COMMODITIES & BOMBS4 ,! SCI5TI/'S KN[L$GE DOES NOT S]VE TO 5NOBLE1 BUT TO DEGRADE MAN4 ,& ! SCI5TI/ HAS BE5 EFFECTIVELY TAU<T ?AT ! USE TO :I* HIS KN[L$GE IS PUT IS NOT HIS 0FIELD40 ,! USELESS GADGETS1 ! MEGATON BOMBS1 ! POISON GAS1 >E GRACI\SLY GIV5 OV] TO ! MANIK9S 9 ! CORPORATE & POLITICAL HI]>*IES4 ,! SCI5TI/1 TOO1 IS M]ELY HIR$1 & NOT RESPONSIBLE4 

,! GREAT A*IEVEM5TS ( HUMAN IMAG9ATION & REASON >E PUT AT ! S]VICE ( IRRATIONALITY4 ,! PATT]N ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION HAS BECOME ! MODEL = ALL ACTIVITY4 ,! IRRATIONALITY ( PRODUCTION-=-PR(IT HAS BECOME ALL-P]VAD+4 ,CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS UNPLANN$ & UNCOORD9AT$2 IT HAS NO VIEW TO HUMAN NE$S4 ,MORE IS PRODUC$ ?AN PEOPLE CAN BUY1 & SO TO KEEP ! M>KET OP51 0OBSOLESC5CE0 IS BUILT 9TO ! GOODS SO !Y WILL WE> \T QUICKLY & HAVE TO BE REPLAC$4 ,CAPITALI/S \TRUN EA* O!R 9 PRODUC+ :AT NO ONE NE$S4 ,! GOAL ( ALL ! ACTIVITY IS 9HUMAN & ABSURD3 ! :OLE SOCIETY IS MADE TO RUN A FRANTIC RACE :OSE \TCOME IS ! PR(IT ( ! RI*4 ,YET EV]Y S+LE PHASE ( ! PROCESS--! PRODUCTION1 RESE>*1 M>KET+1 ADV]TIS+--CONTA9S ALL ! RATIONALITY & KN[L$GE DEVELOP$ BY MILL5IA ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,! ,AM]ICAN $UCATOR ,ROB]T ,HUT*9S DESCRIB$ ! PROCESS LUCIDLY 9 AN ADDRESS HE DELIV]$ 9 #a#i#e#i4 0,\R REAL PROBLEMS 444 CONCEAL$ FROM US BY \R CURR5T REM>KABLE PROSP]ITY1 :I* RESULTS 9 P>T FROM ! PRODUCTION ( >MS ?AT WE DO NOT EXPECT TO USE1 & 9 P>T FROM \R NEW WAY ( GETT+ RI*1 :I* IS TO BUY ?+S FROM ONE ANO!R ?AT WE DO NOT WANT AT PRICES WE CANNOT PAY ON T]MS WE CANNOT MEET BECAUSE ( ADV]TIS+ WE DO NOT BELIEVE40.<#b#g#a.> 

,! CONTRA/ BETWE5 RATIONAL MEANS & IRRATIONAL 5DS HAS BE5 T]M$ BY ,PAUL ,B>AN A CLA% BETWE5 0MICRO-S5SE0 & 0MACRO-MAD- NESS40 ,B>AN HAS PO9T$ \T ?AT BO? P>TS ( ! RELATION ADVANCE SIMULTANE\SLY1 ?US LEAD+ HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS 9TO ABSURDITY AT ONE 5D & MEAN+LESSNESS AT ! O!R4 0,:]EAS ! IRRATIONALITY ( ! :OLE MU/ BE CON/ANTLY MA9TA9$ IF EXPLOITATION1 WA/E1 & PRIVILEGE1 IF--9 ONE WORD--CAPITALISM IS TO SURVIVE1 ! RATIONALITY ( SOCIETY'S 9DIVIDUAL P>TS IS 5=C$ BY ! DRIVE = PR(ITS & ! COMPETITIVE NECESSITIES ( CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE4 ,?US ?IS P>TIAL RATIONALITY CONT9UALLY $GES =W>D--ALBEIT J]KILY & UNEV5LY--BUT ! ADVANCE TAKES PLACE AT ! CO/ ( ITS BE+ W>P$1 P]V]T$1 & CORRUPT$ BY ! IRRATIONALITY ( ! SURR\ND+ SOCIAL ORD]40.<#b#g#b.> ,?IS PROCESS IS OBVI\SLY H>D ON ! HUMAN P]SONALITY4 ,A P]SON TRA9$ TO EX]CISE HIS REASON ON DETAILS1 AS HE P]=CE MU/ BE TO C>RY \T HIS TASK EFFECTIVELY1 WILL NATURALLY BE DI/URB$ :5 HE CONFRONTS ! IRRATIONALITY ( ! 5TIRE PROCESS4 ,! PREV5TION & CONTROL ( SU* DI/URBANCE IS ! CRUCIAL ROLE ,PSY*OANALYSIS PLAYS 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,! PSY*O-ANALY/ TAKES ! IRRATIONALITY ( ! PR(IT-SOCIETY = GRANT$2 HIS FUNCTION IS TO 0FIX0 ?OSE :O DO NOT TAKE ?IS IRRATIONALITY = GRANT$4 ,! PSY*OANALY/ SEEKS TO 0ADJU/0 ! P]SONALITY TO ! 0MACRO-MADNESS0 BY MEANS ( 0MICRO-S5SE4'' ,H[ ?IS IS DONE1 & ! EFFECT ( ! 0TREATM5T10 HAS BE5 DESCRIB$ BY ,N4,S4 ,LEHRMAN1 HIMSELF A PSY*OANALY/4 0,! ANALY/1 'HI< 9 A T[] UP A *AMB] TO ! EA/1' D\BTS ! EXI/5CE ( H>ASSM5T 9 ! PRES5T1 SUSPECTS ! PATI5T'S REACTION IS 'P>ANOID' & ASSUMES ?AT ! ROOTS ( ! FE>S ( ! PRES5T LIE SOME:]E 9 ! PA/4 ,! PATI5T ACCEPTS ?IS CONCEPT & )DRAWS 9T]E/ FROM ! PRES5T 9 ORD] TO EXAM9E ! PA/4 ,AMORPH\SLY & S9C]ELY1 ANALY/ & PATI5T !N GO TO WORK EXAM9+ ! LATT]'S *ILDHOOD4 

0,! P>ALYTIC EFFECTIV5ESS ( ! TREATM5T IS MAXIMIZ$ BY ! FACT ?AT BO? ! PATI5T & ! ANALY/ S9C]ELY BELIEVE ! TREATM5T TO BE EFFICACI\S & SCI5TIFIC4 

0,& :ILE ! PATI5T SE>*ES HIS PA/1 ! WORLD GOES ON & OPPORTUNITIES >E MISS$4 ,I HAVE (T5 WOND]$ :AT ! ROLE ( ! FL\RI%+ ,B]L9 ,PSY*OANALYTIC ,9/ITUTE WAS 9 #aicb & #a#i#c#c1 ) P>TICUL> REF]5CE TO ! P>ALYZES ( 9TELLECTUALS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY40.<#b#g#c.> 

,PSY*OANALY/S CONFESS ! 9EFFECTIV5ESS ( !IR 0CURE0 ON REAL M5TAL PATI5TS4 ,IT IS NOT M5TAL ILLNESS !Y >E EQUIPP$ TO 0HEAL40 ,!IR ONLY T>GETS >E ?OSE P]SONS :O >E F$ UP ) CAPITALI/ 0REALITY40 ,S9CE ! ,PSY*OANALY/S >E VICTIMS ( CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY1 AS WELL AS BE+ HIR$ & MA9TA9$ BY ! CORPORATE SOCIETY'S MA/]S1 !Y CANNOT AF=D TO QUE/ION ! HUMAN RELEVANCE ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !Y MU/ ATTRIBUTE ! IRRATIONALITY ( CAPITALISM TO ! 9DIVIDUAL PATI5T'S 0SUBCONSCI\S40 ,?AT IS !IR IDEOLOGY4 ,! PSY*OANALY/ FIR/ ( ALL R$UCES HIS 0PATI5T0 TO UTT] HELPLESSNESS BY 0OP5+ HIM UP0--BY ALL[+ ! 0PATI5T0 TO P\R \T ! CONT5TS ( HIS CONSCI\SNESS1 SY/EMATICALLY MIX+ TRIVIALITIES TOGE!R ) *OICES & GOALS4 ,AFT] MON?S ( SU* 0TREATM5T10 DUR+ :I* AN 9DIVIDUAL'S REASON & SELF-CONTROL >E ?OR\<LY UND]M9$1 EV5 ! /RONGE/ CAN BE DRIV5 9TO AN IMBECILE FE> ( ! 9EXI/5T 0SUBCONSCI\S40 ,ONCE ! 9DIVIDUAL'S FAI? 9 HIS [N RATIONALITY IS UND]M9$1 ONCE HE IS MADE TO BELIEVE ?AT HIS IDEALS1 ?\<TS & WI%ES ALL EMANATE FROM ! UNCONTROLLABLE PIT ! PSY*OANALY/ CALLS ! 0SUBCONSCI\S10 ! 9DIVIDUAL IS P>ALYZ$4 ,HAV+ R$UC$ ! 0PATI5T0 TO HELPLESSNESS1 ! PSY*OANALY/ !N LEADS HIM BACK TO 0REALITY0--:I* MEANS1 TO AN UNQUE/ION+ ACCEPTANCE ( ALL ! IRRATIONALITIES ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL SO 0TREAT$0 EM]GES ) ! BELIEF ?AT IRRATIONALITY IS ! ORD] ( NATURE & SOCIETY1 & ?AT ?OSE :O DEM& RATIONALITY MU/ BE EXAM9$4 ,! 0PATI5T0 LE>NS FROM HIS 0TREATM5T0 TO LOOK ) CONTEMPT ON ALL CRITICISM ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 BECAUSE HE N[ 0KN[S0 ?AT ! 5DLESS ACCUMULATION ( GADGETS1 ! BUREAUCRATIC CRAWL1 ! P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY1 ! WORLD MIS]Y1 CON/ITUTE 0REALITY40 ,! EFFECTIVELY PSY*OANALYZ$ 0PATI5T0 LE>NS ?AT ONE :O CRITICIZES 0REALITY0 DOES NOT 0REALLY0 CRITICIZE ! 9HUMAN BRUTALITY ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM1 BUT M]ELY EXPRESSES A 0FA!R COMPLEX0 ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R4 ,& ! 0CUR$0 9DIVIDUAL LE>NS FROM HIS PSY*OANALY/ ?AT ! ROOTS ( ! ILLNESS DESCRIB$ BY A CRITIC >E NOT TO BE S\<T 9 ! SOCIETY ! CRITIC DESCRIBES1 BUT >E RA!R TO BE S\<T 9 REMOTE1 OR EV5 CONTRIV$1 09CID5TS0 9 ! CRITIC'S *ILDHOOD4 ,HAV+ *ANNEL$ AN 9DIVIDUAL'S CONC]N ) HIS COMMUNITY TO A SELF-9DULG5T PREOCCUPATION ) *ILDHOOD MEMORIES & MY?OLOGICAL 0EXPLANATIONS10 ! PSY*OANALY/ PROCE$S TO TRA9 HIS 0PATI5T0 TO SPREAD ! 0CURE0 AMONG O!R DISAFFECT$ MEMB]S ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,! ONLY BRI<T FEATURE ( PSY*OANALYSIS IS ?AT ! ,FREUDIAN !ORY ON :I* IT /&S IS NEI!R ORIG9AL NOR IMAG9ATIVE1 & ?US CANNOT1 ON ITS [N M]ITS1 BE SPREAD V]Y READILY4 

,COMMUNITY IS BANI%$1 IDEALS >E DEGRAD$1 M5 >E DEHUMANIZ$--& CULTURAL ACTIVITY IS TRIVIALIZ$4 ,CULTURE IS MAN'S P]MAN5T 9TELLECTUAL & IMAG9ATIVE CONTRIBUTION TO HUMAN 5NOBLEM5T4 ,! CORPORATE SOCIETY CAN BOA/ ONLY GREAT CRITICS ( ITS 0WAY ( LIFE02 GREAT SPOKESM5 IT HAS NONE4 ,! LIT]ATURE1 MUSIC & >T ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY >E GR\ND$ ON NIHILISM4 ,NIHILISM IS NOT CULTURE2 IT IS A NEGATION ( CULTURE4 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA'S GREATE/ >*ITECT1 ,FRANK ,LLOYD ,WRI<T1 BUILT ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 OP5LY DEFIANT T[>D CORPORATE DEM&S4 ,! ,CRY/AL ,PALACE DOES1 H[EV]1 HAVE A PSEUDO-CULTURE1 ! SO-CALL$ ,MASS ,CULTURE1 :I* IS NO CULTURE AT ALL1 BUT A BUS9ESS4 ,! MASS CULTURE IS ANO!R MEANS ( ACQUIR+ WEAL?4 ,MODEL$ ON ! CAPITALI/ 9DU/RIAL PLANT1 MASS CULTURE CONSI/S ( ! MANUFACTURE ( 5T]TA9M5T-COMMODITIES :I* >E = SALE TO CONSUM]S4 ,! GOALS >E SALE & PR(IT2 ! EFFECTS >E DEGRAD$ 9TELLECTS & 9FANTILE IMAG9ATIONS4 ,?AT A VA/ & L>GELY LIT]ATE POPULATION C\LD BE TRA9$ TO 0CONSUME0 ! 0COMMODITIES0 ( ! MASS CULTURE IS NE>LY 9CR$IBLE4 ,! CONDITION+ ( ALMO/ #b MILLION PEOPLE 9TO SWALL[+ %AM LIT]ATURE1 %AM MUSIC1 %AM >T1 AS A SUB/ITUTE = G5U9E CULTURAL CREATION1 HAS NO HI/ORICAL PREC$5TS4 ,IT WAS ONCE ?\<T ?AT :AT ,PAVLOV DID ) DOGS C\LD NOT BE DONE ) HUMAN BE+S1 BUT CAPITALI/ A*IEVEM5TS >E NOT B\ND BY HUMAN LIMITS4 ,IF FOOD IS PLAC$ BE=E A DOG1 ! DOG SALIVATES4 ,9 ONE ( HIS EXP]IM5TS1 ,PAVLOV PLAC$ FOOD BE=E A DOG & SIMULTANE\SLY RANG A BELL3 ! DOG SALIVAT$4 ,HE RANG ! BELL AT EV]Y MEAL-TIME1 BUT DID NOT ALWAYS BR+ ! FOOD1 YET ! DOG CONT9U$ TO SALIVATE4 ,SOON ,PAVLOV RANG ONLY ! BELL1 & DID NOT BR+ ! FOOD1 YET ! DOG /ILL SALIVAT$4 ,! DOG HAD BE5 0CONDITION$0 TO ASSOCIATE ! BELL ) FOOD2 IT HAD BE5 TAU<T TO 0DIGE/0 ! BELL 9/EAD ( FOOD4 ,ONCE UND] ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! BELL CON/ITUTES FOOD1 ! DOG W\LD CONT9UE TO 0CONSUME0 ! BELL UNTIL IT CONT5T$LY />V$ TO DEA?4 ,9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE >E SUB/ITUT$ = ,PAVLOV'S DOGS1 & %AM CULTURE IS ! BELL4 ,G5U9E CULTURE-:E!R IT IS EXPRESS$ 9 DRAMA1 MUSIC1 PA9T+1 SCULPTURE1 >*ITECTURE--PROVIDES 9TELLECTUAL & EMOTIONAL SATISFACTION BY COMMUNICAT+ CONT5T FROM >TI/ TO AUDI5CE4 ,9 G5U9E CULTURE1 ! WORDS1 S\NDS1 MOVEM5TS1 OR =MS1 >E IRRELEVANT IF DIVORC$ FROM ! CONT5T4 ,YET 9 ! CORPORATE CULTURE1 ! S\NDS & =MS HAVE BE5 EFFECTIVELY DISSOCIAT$ FROM ! CONT5T4 ,MILLIONS ( ,AM]ICANS WAT* MOVIES & TELEVISION1 LI/5 TO MUSIC1 :I* HAS NO CONT5T4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 TAU<T TO CONSUME WORDS1 S\NDS1 MOVEM5TS & =MS1 9 :I* NO?+ IS COMMUNICAT$4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 TAU<T TO SALIVATE FROM ! BELL1 TO DIGE/ WORDS )\T MEAN+ & =MS )\T CONT5T4 ,CAPITALI/S QUICKLY APPLI$ ?IS PR9CIPLE 9 !IR FACTORIES2 GUID$ BY 09DU/RIAL PSY*OLOGI/S10 !Y PA9T$ FACTORY WALLS & HAD MUSIC PLAY$ DUR+ WORK-H\RS1 SO ?AT WORK]S W\LD GET ! IMPRESSION !Y W]E NOT WORK+ BUT RELAX+1 & C\LD ?US BE MADE TO WORK H>D]4 ,MO/ ( ! BIG CORPORATIONS HAVE ADOPT$ PAT]NALI/IC 0B5EFIT0 PROGRAMS :I* %[] WORK]S ) 9SURANCES ( DIFF]5T K9DS1 WAGE 9CREASES1 PAID VACATIONS1 RELAXATION ROOMS--ALL ! TRAPP+S ( LIFE EXCEPT LIFE1 ALL ! 0B5EFITS0 EXCEPT MEAN+FUL P>TICIPATION4 ,! WORK]S SALIVATE AS IF !Y W]E F$1 BUT !IR 9TELLECTS DECAY1 !IR IMAG9ATIONS DET]IORATE1 BECAUSE ! FOOD !Y >E GIV5 IS NOT HUMAN N\RI%M5T4 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN1 9 ,GR[+ ,UP ,ABSURD1 QUOTES SURVEYS 9 :I* WORK]S PLACE ,9T]E/ HI< ON !IR LI/ ( NE$S4 ,9T]E/ CANNOT BE PROVID$ )\T G5U9E %>+ & P>TICIPATION4 ,! WORK]S >E F$ MANY 0B5EFITS10 & MORE >E CON/ANTLY ADD$2 YET1 AS ,GOODMAN PO9TS \T1 ! JOB 0IS NOT 9T]E/+2 IT IS NOT HIS1 HE IS NOT '9' ON IT2 ! PRODUCT IS NOT REALLY USEFUL40.<#b#g#d.> ,) ! HELP ( PSY*OLOGI/S1 PALLIATIVE 0B5EFITS0 >E 9CREAS$ TO QUELL ALL DISSATISFACTION2 :AT IS NOT GIV51 & CANNOT BE GIV5 BY ! CORPORATE ,HOLD]S1 IS HUMAN JU/IFICATION & RELEVANCE1 :AT ,GOODMAN CALLS 0! S5SE ( BE+ NE$$ = ONE'S UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION40 ,! 9TELLECTS & IMAG9ATIONS ( ,AM]ICANS SALIVATE FROM ! BELL & FOOD NE$ NO LONG] BE BR\<T4 ,! RESULT IS 0A M9D BEMIR$ 9 FACT1 AN IMAG9ATION BESLIM$ ) P>TICUL>S40.<#b#g#e.> ,YET A L& ( SCI5TIFICALLY CREAT$ IMBECILS CANNOT LONG SURVIVE2 ! CULTURAL NE$S ( M5 CANNOT LONG BE SUPPRESS$ )\T F>-REA*+ REP]CUSSIONS4 ,! SALESM5 ( MASS CULTURE CLAIM ?AT ! PEOPLE 0WANT0 ! TYPE ( FOOD !Y >E F$4 ,NO D\BT ,PAVLOV'S DOG1 AFT] HE LE>N$ TO ASSOCIATE ! BELL ) FOOD1 ALSO 0WANT$0 TO 0EAT0 ! BELL4 ,BY ACQUIR+ SU* A 0WANT10 H[EV]1 A DOG />VES TO DEA?4 

 "9"9"9 

,AN ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY1 ) ALL ! COMPLICATION & SACRIFICE IT IMPOSES ON ITS MEMB]S1 CAN ONLY BE JU/IFI$ IF IT PROVIDES = ! FULLE/ POSSIBLE CREATIVE & 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 :]E REASON S]VES NO RATIONAL PURPOSE1 :]E 0MICRO-S5SE0 IS DEVOT$ TO 0MACRO-MADNESS10 CANNOT CLAIM ! RESPECT ( ! 9DIVIDUALS 9 IT2 CONSEQU5TLY ?IS SOCIETY CAN MA9TA9 ITSELF ONLY BY =CE1 OP5 OR VEIL$1 PHYSICAL OR PSY*OLOGICAL4 ,:5 ! CORPORATE RUL]S CAN NO LONG] RESPOND TO *ALL5GES EXCEPT BY VIOL5CE & DE/RUCTION1 !Y HAVE REA*$ ! LIMITS ( IRRATIONALITY & NIHILISM4 ,A SOCIETY :]E EV5 ! ACTIVE AFFIRMATION ( HUMAN LIFE IS A CRIME HAS PREC$5TS 9 HI/ORY3 ALL ! PREC$5TS W]E SELF-DE/RUCTIVE1 & ALL ( !M CAUS$ UNSPEAKABLE MIS]Y & SUFF]+ BE=E !Y FLICK]$ \T4 ,AN 9DIVIDUAL :O CONT9UES TO AFFIRM LIFE1 RATIONALITY & COMMUNITY1 :O REFUSES TO PRO/RATE HIS 9TELLECT & IMAG9ATION TO ! REGIME DEVOT$ TO G5OCIDE1 HAS LESS *ANCE ( EFFECTIVELY REALIZ+ HIS IDEALS ?AN 9 ANY PREVI\S DISP5SATION4 ,ALL ! 0AV5UES ( TRU?0 >E CLOGG$ ) BIG LIES1 ALL ! MEANS ( CREATION & P>TICIPATION >E D$ICAT$ TO PR(ITS & ANNIHILATION4 ,! SOCIETY :OSE ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE SPOKE ( 0! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE TO ALT] OR TO ABOLI% .<!IR GOV]NM5T.>1 & TO 9/ITUTE A NEW GOV]NM5T10 HAS ABOLI%$ ! EXPRESSION ( ?AT RI<T EXCEPT ?R\< REVOLUTION4 ,%\LD A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION FAIL ONCE MORE1 ! REVOLUTION>IES WILL NOT AGA9 BE 9TEGRAT$ 9TO AN 0OPPOSITION P>TY40 0,DEMOCRATIC ,AM]ICA0 TODAY PROVIDES = ITS DEMOCRATS ONLY ?REE T]RIBLE ALT]NATIVES3 IMPOT5CE1 EXILE1 & M>TYRDOM4 

,! T]ROR & ITS MEAN+1 H[EV]1 >E NOT YET VISIBLE TO ?OSE )9 ! CONF9ES ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY4 ,FROM ! 9SIDE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES SEEMS TO BE TRANS=M+ ITSELF 9TO A RIGID & /ABLE SOCIETY ( ANTS2 & 9 ?IS SUB-HUMAN =M1 ,CORPORATE ,AM]ICA SEEMS YET TO BE ASSUR$ ( AN EXT5D$ ]A ( UN*ANG+ P]MAN5CE4 ,) M5 DEGRAD$ 9TO 0H&S10 ) ALL NATURAL & HUMAN RES\RCES DEVOT$ TO ! PR(IT ( [N]S1 ) M9D ME*ANICS POLIC+ & REPAIR+ MISFITS1 ! ATTA9M5T ( P]FECT ADJU/M5T & FIXITY SEEMS TO BE ! GOAL ( ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE4 ,LOOK+ AT ! PROSPECTS ( MANK9D FROM )9 ! CORPORATE WALLS1 ,ROD]ICK ,SEID5B]G1 9 ,PO/HI/ORIC ,MAN1 PR$ICT$ ! CONDITION ( P]FECT FIXITY & RIGID *ANGELESSNESS F\ND AMONG 9SECTS3 04449 A P]IOD DEVOID ( *ANGE1 WE MAY TRULY SAY ?AT MAN WILL 5T] UPON A PO/HI/ORIC AGE 9 :I*1 P]HAPS1 HE WILL REMA9 5CAS$ 9 AN 5DLESS R\T9E & SEQU5CE ( EV5TS1 NOT UNLIKE ?AT ( ! ANTS1 ! BEES1 & ! T]MITES4 ,!IR ESS5TIALLY UN*ANG$ SURVIVAL DUR+ SOME SIXTY MILLION YE>S TE/IFIES TO ! P]FECTION ( !IR ADJU/M5T1 9T]NALLY & EXT]NALLY1 TO ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE3 MAN MAV LIKEWISE F9D HIMSELF 5TOMB$ 9 A P]PETUAL R\ND ( P]FECTLY ADJU/$ RESPONSES40.<#b#g#f.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,SEID5B]G1 ANTS & BEES HAVE ATTA9$ *ANGELESS P]MAN5CE ?R\< ! P]FECT 9TEGRATION ( 9/9CT2 M5 W\LD REA* ! SAME 5D ?R\< RATIONAL MEANS4 ,ALREADY VISIBLE 9 ! AIR-CONDITION$ GLASS CAGES (! CORPORATE C\RI]S1 :]E 5DLESS REPETITION IS LIFE'S ONLY TASK1 ! 0PO/HI/ORIC0 ]A WILL BE M>K$ BY ! SMO!R+ ( CREATIVITY & ! GRADUAL DISAPPE>ANCE ( CONSCI\SNESS4 0,CURI\SLY10 WRITES ,SEID5B]G1 0WE SEEM TO HAVE RETURN$1 VIA ! R\TE ( 9TELLIG5CE TO ! V]Y /ATUS FROM :I* MAN DEP>T$1 EONS AGO1 UND] ! UNDIVID$ DOM9ANCE ( ! 9/9CTS4 ,= H]E1 TOO1 9 ! CONDITIONS ( ! FUTURE1 ! ORGANISM APPE>S SUSP5D$ )9 SET RESPONSES1 FOLL[+ 9T]M9ABLY ! SELFSAME PATT]NS UNTIL ALT]$ BY ! SL[ PROCESSES ( BIOLOGIC MUTATIONS4444 ,CONSCI\SNESS DEP5DS UPON A /ATE ( IMBALANCE1 A CONDITION ( T5SION4 ,IT IS AN AW>5ESS1 9 ITS WIDE/ & MO/ 9T5SIFI$ ASPECTS1 ( ?AT UN/ABLE EQUILIBRIUM :OSE PASS+ PHASES 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( MAN WE CALL HI/ORY4 ,?US WE >E L$ TO P]CEIVE ?AT HI/ORY ITSELF1 H[EV] 9CLUSIVE WE MAY CONCEIVE ITS SWAY1 MU/ BE C\NT$ 9 REALITY AS A HI< TRANSITIONAL ]A ( RELATIVELY %ORT DURATION 9 COMP>ISON ) ! SLUMB]+ ET]NITY ?AT PREC$$ IT1 OR ! EV] MORE /ATIC AGES ?AT WILL FOLL[ UPON IT4 ,CONSCI\SNESS WILL GRADUALLY EVAPORATE & DISAPPE> 9 ?IS PO/HI/ORIC P]IOD1 V]Y MU* AS IT COND5S$ /EP BY /EP 9TO EV] %>P] FOCUS DUR+ MAN'S PREHI/ORIC ]A4 ,9 ! ULTIMATE /ATE ( CRY/ALLIZATION TO :I* ! PR9CIPLE ( ORGANIZATION LEADS1 CONSCI\SNESS WILL HAVE ACCOMPLI%$ ITS TASK1 LEAV+ MANK9D SEAL$1 AS IT W]E1 )9 PATT]NS ( FRIGID & UNALT]ABLE P]FECTION4 ,9 ?IS CONSUMMATION WE P]CEIVE ! ESS5TIAL MEAN+ ( ! PO/HI/ORIC P]IOD ( MAN'S DEVELOPM5T4444 ,UN]R+LY1 HIS DRIVE T[>D CON=MITY WILL GUIDE HIM 9TO AN EV] MORE /ATIC CONDITION ( FIXITY & P]MAN5CE2 & ! P]FECTION ( HIS ADJU/M5T WILL COME TO BE SYNONYM\S ) A SL[ BUT ULTIMATE FAD+ \T ( HIS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,HIS TRIUMPH WILL BE COMPLETE1 & BY ?AT V]Y TOK5 HIS AW>5ESS1 NO LONG] NECESS>Y1 WILL EVAPORATE1 LEAV+ ONLY A FIX$ R\T9E ( ACTIONS :OSE P]FECT SUITABILITY WILL ]ASE ALL MEMORY ( ?\<T40.<#b#g#g.> ,! 0PO/HI/ORIC0 SOCIETY WILL HAVE NO >T1 NO PHILOSOPHY1 NO CULTURE1 BECAUSE CREATIVE 9TELLECTUAL SYN!SES WILL NOT BE 0RATIONAL0 )9 ITS CONF9ES4 

,! CONDITION ( FIXITY & P]MAN5CE PR$ICT$ BY ,SEID5B]G IS F> FROM BE+ REALIZ$4 ,?\< ,SEID5B]G BRILLIANTLY DEPICTS ! APPE>ANCE ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM ) ALL ITS GOALS FULFILL$1 HE COMMITS ! FALLACY ( ID5TIFY+ CAPITALI/ GOALS ) HUMAN GOALS & CAPITALI/ 0REASON0 ) HUMAN REASON1 & ?US BUILDS HIS CONCLUSIONS ON P>TIAL PREMISES4 ,! /ATE ( P]MAN5T FIXITY WILL NOT BE ATTA9$ PRECISELY BECAUSE ( :AT ,SEID5B]G HIMSELF ILLU/RATES4 ,TAK+ ! M>KET+1 RESE>*1 ADV]TIS+ & MANIPULATION AS HUMAN S5SE1 & TAK+ ! IRRATIONAL CYCLE ( PRODUCTION = CORPORATE PR(IT AS ! AIM ( HUMANITY1 ,SEID5B]G PROJECTS ?IS 0RATIONALITY0 9TO A FUTURE ( FIXITY & P]MAN5CE4 ,YET IT IS PRECISELY ! ID5TIFICATION ( CAPITALI/ REASON ) HUMAN REASON1 ( CORPORATE S5SE ) HUMAN S5SE1 ?AT WILL PREV5T ! P]FECT & UN*ANG+ FIXITY ,SEID5B]G PR$ICTS4 ,=1 AS ,PAUL ,B>AN LUCIDLY OBS]V$1 ,SEID5B]G IS NOT ALONE 9 ID5TIFY+ CORPORATE REASON ) HUMAN REASON2 HIS CONTEMPOR>IES TOO >E 0AFFLICT$ ) 'COMMON S5SE' ?AT IS /UDI\SLY NURTUR$ BY ALL ! AG5CIES ( B\RGEOIS CULTURE & ! PR9CIPAL 9JUNCTION ( :I* IS TO TAKE CAPITALI/ RATIONALITY = GRANT$1444 .<& !Y.> CAN H>DLY AVOID ID5TIFY+ ! RATIONALITY ( BUY+1 SELL+1 & PR(IT- MAK+ ) REASON ITSELF40.<#b#g#h.> ,& S9CE ,SEID5B]G'S CONTEMPOR>IES >E /ILL HUMAN BE+S--!Y >E NOT YET MANUFACTUR$ 9 BOTTLES TO FIT CORPORATE SPECIFICATIONS--!Y WILL /ILL REACT 9 HUMAN WAYS AGA9/ CORPORATE 0REASON10 & BY REACT+ !Y WILL REBEL & ?US DE/ROY ,SEID5B]G'S FIXITY4 ,AS ,B>AN PO9TS \T1 MAN'S 0REVOLT AGA9/ CAPITALI/ RATIONALITY1 AGA9/ ! RATIONALITY ( M>KETS & PR(ITS1 ?US BECOMES A REVOLT AGA9/ REASON ITSELF1 TURNS 9TO ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM1 & PROMOTES AGGRESSIV5ESS T[>D ?OSE :O MANAGE TO CAPITALIZE ON ! RULES ( ! CAPITALI/ GAME TO !IR ADVANTAGE & ADVANCEM5T4 ,IT R5D]S HIM AN EASY PREY ( IRRATIONALITY40.<#b#g#i.> ,MANY ( ,SEID5B]G'S CONTEMPOR>IES DO 9 FACT OB$I5TLY 0ADJU/0 TO ! SY/EM2 IF !Y W]E ! CORPORATE SOCIETY'S ONLY 9HABITANTS1 ,SEID5B]G'S PR$ICTION W\LD NO D\BT BE A GOOD GUESS4 ,BUT 0ADJU/M5T10 OR SUBMISSION1 IS ONLY ONE POSSIBLE RESPONSE TO CORPORATE 0REASON03 O!R POSSIBLE RESPONSES >E ESCAPE1 REBELLION1 & DE/RUCTION4 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN HAS LABEL$ ! RESPONSES TO CORPORATE ABSURDITY RESIGNATION1 BEAT & CRIME4 7,ALL ?REE >E NEGATIVE RESPONSES2 ,GOODMAN W\LD D\BDESS GRANT ! POSSIBILITY ( A F\R?1 A POSITIVE RESPONSE1 NAMELY CREATIVE REBELLION47 ,IF BEAT & CRIME W]E RESPONSES RE/RICT$ TO A FEW ODD MISFITS1 ! MISFITS C\LD EASILY BE PUT ASIDE & CORPORATE FIXITY C\LD /ILL BE ATTA9$4 ,BUT !SE RESPONSES >E NOT RE/RICT$1 BECAUSE )9 AN IRRATIONAL DISP5SATION EV]Y MAN IS A POT5TIAL 0MISFIT40 ,9 SO F> AS HE RETA9S VE/IGES ( HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS & IMAG9ATION1 EV]Y MAN 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY CAN BECOME BEAT OR CRIM9AL4 ,IT IS ?IS FACT ?AT PREV5TS ! P]FECT 9TEGRATION & P]MAN5T FIXITY PR$ICT$ BY ,SEID5B]G4 

,! DE/RUCTIVE RESPONSES1 :ILE PREV5T+ ! P]FECT 9TEGRATION & ET]NIZATION ( CORPORATE CAPITALISM 9 ! =M ( A *ANGELESS 9SECT SOCIETY1 DO NOT1 H[EV]1 5SURE ! SURVIVAL ( HUMANITY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 DE/RUCTIVE CRIM9ALITY AT ! TOP ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY W\LD MEAN ! ANNIHILATION ( MANK9D4 ,A CRIM9AL RESPONSE TO CORPORATE NIHILISM IS ITSELF A NIHILI/IC RESPONSE4 ,! CRIM9AL1 BY TAK+ CAPITALI/ 0REASON0 AS HUMAN REASON1 REJECTS BO? SIMULTANE\SLY & TURNS TO IRRATIONALITY4 ,HE F9DS A MODEL ( IRRATIONAL SELF ASS]TION AT ! TOP ( ! SAME CORPORATE /RUCTURE :OSE L[]-LEVEL RATIONALITY HE REJECTS4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! CRIM9AL REJECTS ! 0MICRO-S5SE' ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 & TURNS 9/EAD TO ITS 0MACRO-MADNESS40 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 ,AM]ICAN JUV5ILE DEL9QU5CY & POLITICAL PRACTICE MEET3 ! GANGS ( JUV5ILE DEL9QU5TS >E M9IATURE MIRRORS ( ! ,P5TAGON & ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T2 ! Y\NG CRIM9ALS 5ACT ON A CITY BLOCK ! SAME 0POLICIES0 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T C>RIES \T ON A WORLD SCALE4 ,! TOP RESPONDS IRRATIONALLY BECAUSE IT TAKES ! 0MACROMADNESS0 = HUMAN S5SE1 ! BOTTOM BECAUSE IT REJECTS ! CORPORATE 0MICRO-S5SE0 & SEEKS SALVATION 9 MADNESS4 ,?OSE AT ! TOP TAKE CAPITALI/ REASON = GRANT$1 & 9 A WORLD :]E M5 >E ?R[+ \T CAPITALI/ 0REASON0 = HUMAN GOALS1 !Y FE> ! COLLAPSE ( !IR 0WAY ( LIFE02 YET S9CE !Y ID5TIFY CORPORATE CAPITALISM ) LIFE ITSELF1 !Y CAN ONLY REACT ) A FRANTIC APPEAL TO NATIONALI/ TRIBALISM & ITS CONSEQU5T FE>1 HATR$1 DE/RUCTION & T]ROR4 ,?OSE AT ! BOTTOM REJECT HUMAN REASON ALONG ) CAPITALI/ REASON 9 A GR& IRRATIONAL SWEEP1 & !Y CAN ONLY RESPOND BY DE/ROY+ A*IEVEM5TS & ANNIHILAT+ LIFE4 ,:5 ANNIHILATION BECOMES NOT ONLV ?9KABLE1 BUT ! MA9 GOAL ( HUMAN ACTIVITY1 CONSCI\SLY PURSU$ AT BO? ! TOP & BOTTOM LEVELS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 !N ! TEMPO ( CRIM9AL BREAK?R\<S 9CREASES & DE/ROYS ALL CORPORATE HOPES ( P]MAN5CE & FIXITY4 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ,DO/OYEVSKY'S FANTA/IC PR$ICTION ( A RESURG5CE ( B>B>ISM 9 ! MID/ ( TE*NOLOGICAL ABUNDANCE1 REALIZ$ ALREADY ONCE 9 ?IS C5TURY1 IS F> MORE OM9\S ?AN ,SEID5B]G'S PR$ICTION1 :I* WILL REMA9 NO MORE ?AN A SELFDE/RUCTIVE T5D5CY4 ,:AT ,DO/OYEVSKY =ESAW1 A C5TURY AGO1 WAS ?AT ! PSY*OLOGICAL EXT9CTION ( HUMAN BE+S W\LD HAVE TO BE PREC$$ BY TOTAL PHYSICAL ANNIHILATION1 & ?AT M5 W\LD >ISE TO IMPLEM5T ?IS PROGRAM4 0,I W\LD NOT BE AT ALL SURPRIS$1 = 9/ANCE1 IF SUDD5LY & )\T ! SLI<TE/ POSSIBLE REASON A G5DEMAN ( AN IGNOBLE OR RA!R A REACTION>Y & S>DONIC C\NT5ANCE W]E TO >ISE AMID ALL ?AT FUTURE REIGN ( UNIV]SAL COMMON S5SE &1 GRIPP+ HIS SIDES FIRMLY ) HIS H&S1 W]E TO SAY TO US ALL1 ',WELL1 G5DEM51 :AT AB\T GIV+ ALL ?IS COMMON S5SE A MI<TY KICK & LETT+ IT SCATT] 9 ! DU/ BE=E \R FEET SIMPLY TO S5D ALL !SE LOG>I?MS TO ! DEVIL SO ?AT WE CAN AGA9 LIVE ACCORD+ TO \R FOOLI% WILL8' ,?AT W\LDN'T MATT]1 EI!R1 BUT = ! REGRETTABLE FACT ?AT HE W\LD C]TA9LY F9D FOLL[]S3 = MAN IS MADE LIKE ?AT44440.<#b#h.> ,! POLITICAL 0REALI/S10 ! W> EXP]TS1 ! BUREAUCRATIC T]RORI/S1 HAVE JO9$ H&S ) ! HOODLUMS & JUV5ILE CRIM9ALS 9 CAPITALISM'S LA/ GR& 5T]PRISE1 ?AT ( 0GIV+ ALL ?IS COMMON S5SE A MI<TY KICK & LETT+ IT SCATT] 9 ! DU/ BE=E \R FEET4440 

,NIHILI/ REJECTION1 9 ! =M ( GANG CRIME & NUCLE> B>B>ISM1 IS ! MA9 RESPONSE TO CORPORATE IRRATIONALITY1 & BY F> ! MO/ DANG]\S4 ,! NIHILI/ M5TALITY GR[S LIKE AN UNCONTROLLABLE CANC]1 & SPREADS ) GREATE/ =CE ESPECIALLY TO ! *AMB]S :]E ! WEAPONS ( DEA? >E KEPT4 ,! GREATE/ DANG] TO HUMAN LIFE IS ! FR5ZY ) :I* ! CORPORATE DOM9ANT M9ORITY REACTS TO ! GR[+ CIRCLE ( DISAFFECTION & ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION >\ND ! WORLD4 ,! DISAFFECTION IS ! \TCOME ( CORPORATE PLUND]1 YET TO COPE ) IT ! CORPORATE RUL]S CAN RESORT ONLY TO VIOL5CE2 ! VIOL5CE1 9 TURN1 9CREASES ! NUMB] ( VICTIMS1 & ?US 5L>GES ! CIRCLE ( DISAFFECTION4 ,AS A RESULT1 DISAFFECTION ) CORPORATE CAPITALISM & ITS 0FRE$OM0 TAKES PLACE ON ALL GR\NDS AT EV]Y TURN4 ,CLE>LY REVEAL$ DUR+ ! ,CUBAN DEBACLE WAS ! FACT ?AT ! CORPORATE 0ELITE0 >E FULLY AW>E ?AT M5 WILL NO LONG] SUBMIT TO CORPORATE 0FRE$OM40 ,ALSO CLE>LY REVEAL$ WAS ! FACT ?AT ! CORPORATE BOSSES WILL NOT CALMLY ACCEPT A SLAVE REBELLION1 BUT WILL /RIKE \T ) ALL ! FR5ZY1 ! HATR$1 ! DE/RUCTION1 ( ! CAG$ BEA/4 ,CAPITALI/S >E N[ AW>E ?AT IT IS NOT M]ELY A FEW PR(ITS ?AT >E AT /AKE1 BUT !IR 5TIRE /RUCTURE ( PRIVILEGE4 

,?US :ILE EA* REVOLUTION GIVES LIFE & HOPE TO AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( M51 EA* DEFECTION AT ! SAME TIME AGGRAVATES ! POSSIBILITY ( TOTAL ANNIHILATION4 ,YET1 FAC$ ) DEA?1 & CONFRONT$ ) ! *OICE BETWE5 CONT9U+ SUBMISSION & REVOLUTION1 M5 EV]Y:]E >E *OOS+ REVOLUTION4 ,MO/ ( ! REBELLIONS TAKE PLACE )9 ! CAPITALI/-IMPOS$ CONF9ES ( NATIONALISM1 BUREAUCRATISM & SPECIALISM1 BUT !Y DO TAKE PLACE1 & !Y DO OP5 TO M5 ! POSSIBILITY TO CREATE SOCIETIES ) G5U9E CREATIVE P>TICIPATION4 ,! CORPORATE RUL]S 9T]PRET EV]Y REVOLUTION AS AN 9CURSION 9TO !IR 0FREE WORLD10 & ) EV]Y 9CURSION !IR FR5ZY GR[S4 ,TO PROTECT !IR VANI%+ PRIVILEGES1 ! CAPITALI/S 9CREAS+LY SURR5D] EV5 ?OSE V]Y PRIVILEGES TO !IR MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5T ON ! DELUSION ?AT A VA/ CAMPAIGN ( ANNIHILATION WILL PRES]VE CORPORATE PRIVILEGE 9TACT4 

,:ILE ! NEGATIVE1 DE/RUCTIVE RESPONSES >E TANGIBLE & ALL- P]VAD+1 ! POSITIVE1 CON/RUCTIVE RESPONSES >E AS YET 9TANGIBLE1 HALF-=MULAT$1 & UTOPIAN4 ,9 ! ]A ( TE*NOLOGICAL B>B>ISM1 CRIME IS MU* EASI] ?AN REVOLUTION1 & SPREADS MU* FUR!R4 ,IT TOOK ONLY ONE ,AM]ICAN ATOMIC BOMB TO ANNIHILATE ,HIRO%IMA1 :ILE IT TAKES ! +5UITY1 WISDOM & GOOD WILL ( MANY M51 ALL 9T5SELY AW>E ( ! ACCUMULAT$ EXP]I5CE ( G5]ATIONS1 TO BUILD A COMMUNITY :]E TE*NOLOGY IS MADE TO S]VE HUMAN 5DS4 ,IT TAKES F> LESS MOTION TO USE A KNIFE = KILL+ ?AN = C>V+ & SCULPT+4 ,IT TAKES F> LESS +5UITY OR 9TELLIG5CE TO DE/ROY ?AN TO CREATE4 ,IT TAKES F> LESS EF=T = 0REALI/S0 TO MA9TA9 A P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY ?AN = 0IDEALI/S0 TO CREATE A PEACE ECONOMY1 BECAUSE IT IS F> EASI] TO SUBMIT TO CRIM9ALITY ?AN TO REBEL AGA9/ IT4 ,! HI/ORY ( OB$I5CE & SUBMISSION IS A HI/ORY ( \TRAGE & CRIME2 IT IS A HI/ORY ( W>1 ( MILIT>Y OPPRESSION1 ( POLICE BRUTALITY4 ,! HI/ORY ( REBELLION & REVOLUTION IS NOT )\T ITS VIOL5CE & HATR$1 BUT VIOL5CE IS NOT ITS AIM1 & ITS HATR$ IS %ORT LIV$4 ,AS DEF9$ BY ,CAMUS1 REBELLION IS AN AFFIRMATION ( HUMAN LIFE2 ! REC\RSE TO VIOL5CE IS ?US ! BETRAYAL1 NOT ! FULFILLM5T1 ( REBELLION4 ,OPPRESSION GIVES BIR? TO REBELLION2 ! SAME OPPRESSION1 ?R\< VIOL5CE & T]ROR1 =CES REBELLION TO DEF5D ITSELF ) VIOL5CE1 & ?US T+E ITSELF ) ! V]Y OPPRESSION ?AT GAVE IT BIR?4 ,YET1 CLE>LY1 TO ABOLI% ! VIOL5CE1 IT IS ! OPPRESSION ?AT MU/ BE ELIM9AT$4 ,M5 ALL OV] ! WORLD >E AT LA/ REALIZ+ ?AT OB$I5T SUBMISSION TO OPPRESSION ONLY HEI<T5S OPPRESSION1 & !Y >E TURN+ TO REBELLION TO AFFIRM LIFE & COMMUNITY4 ,IT IS ?IS FACT ?AT GIVES HOPE TO HUMAN SURVIVAL & 5C\RAGEM5T TO CREATIVE ACTION4 ,! RADICALS_<#g_> ( TODAY >E AT LA/ DIVORC+ !MSELVES FROM ! CONS]VATIVE 0MOVEM5TS0 ?AT SPEAK ! LANGUAGE ( RADICALISM :ILE CL++ TO CORPORATE PRIVILEGES4 ,:E!R 9 ,EUROPE OR 9 ,AM]ICA1 ! RADICALS ( TODAY HAVE MORE 9 COMMON ) ! REVOLUTION>IES ( ,CUBA1 ,*9A1 ,9DIA1 ,AFRICA & ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ?AN !Y DO ) ! WISE & WE>Y OLD CYNICS :O /ILL CALL !MSELVES ! LOCAL ,LEFT4 ,CREATIVE REBELS AIM AT ! ABOLITION ( CORPORATE PLUND] & ! PREV5TION ( ! CAPITALI/ W> ( TOTAL ANNIHILATION AS ! PRIME REQUIREM5TS = REG5]ATION2 !SE REBELS HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ! CONS]VATIVES ( ! ONE-TIME 0,AM]ICAN ,LEFT10 ) ! ,BRITI% ,LABOR MOVEM5T1 ) ! ,EUROPEAN 0,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS10 ) ! ANTI-COMMUNI/ 0SOCIALI/S10 ) ! NO-ACTION 0PACIFI/S0 OR ) ! NOISY 0LIB]ALS0 :OM ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS CALL$ ! 0,N,A,T,O ,9TELLECTUALS40 

,! CIRCLE ( DISAFFECTION IS SPREAD+ EV5 )9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY ITSELF1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT 9 0FRE$OM LOV+0 ,AM]ICA ! *OICE ( RADICALISM R5D]S ONE A P>IAH1 AN \TCA/ AS UNT\*ABLE AS ! L[E/ CA/E ( OLD ,9DIA4 ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON'S ADVICE & W>N+ CAN N[ BE READ AS AN OM9\S PROPHECY 9 ! L& :]E ! DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION FAIL$3 0,EA* G5]ATION 444 HAS A RI<T TO *OOSE = ITSELF ! =M ( GOV]NM5T IT BELIEVES ! MO/ PROMOTIVE ( ITS [N HAPP9ESS4444 ,A SOLEMN OPPORTUNITY ( DO+ ?IS EV]Y #ai OR #b YE>S %\LD BE PROVID$ BY ! CON/ITUTION4 ,?IS CORPOREAL GLOBE1 & EV]Y?+ UPON IT1 BELONG TO ITS PRES5T CORPOREAL 9HABITANTS1 DUR+ !IR G5]ATION4 ,!Y ALONE HAVE A RI<T TO DIRECT :AT IS ! CONC]N ( !MSELVES ALONE4444 ,IF ?IS AV5UE BE %UT4441 IT WILL MAKE ITSELF HE>D ?R\< ?AT ( =CE1 & WE %ALL GO ON1 AS O!R NATIONS >E DO+1 9 ! 5DLESS CIRCLE ( OPPRESSIONS1 REBELLIONS1 RE=MATIONS2 & OPPRESSION1 REBELLION1 RE=MATION1 AGA92 & SO ON =EV]40.<#b#h#a.> ,9 ,AM]ICA1 CRITICS ( ! RUL+ CLASS >E AS UNPROTECT$ FROM H>ASSM5T & P]SECUTION AS 9 ANY TYRANNY 9 HI/ORY2 ! P]SECUTION IS NOT ONLY C>RI$ ON BY ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT HAS N[ BE5 PRON\NC$ 0CONSI/5T0 ) ! ,BILL ( ,RI<TS BY ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ( ! L&4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 RADICALISM :I* AIMS TO UNSEAT ! CORPORATE >I/OCRACY IS LABEL$ 0COMMUNI/ CONSPIRACY0 & IS N[ PUNI%ABLE BY LIFE IMPRISONM5T OR EV5 DEA?4 ,ONE ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ,JU/ICES :O DISS5T$ FROM SANCTION+ POLITICAL P]SECUTION MADE A LUCID COMP>ISON BETWE5 ! FR5ZY ( CAPITALI/S DUR+ ,JOHN ,ADAMS' ADM9I/RATION & ?AT ( TODAY3 0444! ,F$]ALI/ ,S$ITION ,ACT 444 DID NOT GO AS F> 9 SUPPRESS+ ! ,FIR/ ,AM5DM5T FRE$OMS ( ,AM]ICANS AS DO ! ,SMI? ,ACT & ! ,SUBV]SIVE ,ACTIVITIES ,CONTROL ,ACT4 ,ALL ! F]VOR & ALL ! ELOQU5CE & ALL ! EMOTIONALISM & ALL ! PREJUDICE & ALL ! P>ADE ( HORRORS444 W]E NOT SUFFICI5T 9 #agih TO P]SUADE ! MEMB]S ( ,CONGRESS TO PASS A LAW :I* W\LD DIRECTLY & UNEQUIVOCALLY \TLAW ! P>TY ( ,JEFF]SON1 AT :I* ! LAW WAS UND\BT$LY AIM$4 ,! SAME >GUM5TS W]E !N MADE AB\T ! ',JACOB9S1' MEAN+ ! ,JEFF]SONIANS1 ) REG>D TO !IR ALLEG$ SUBS]VI5CE TO ,FRANCE1 ?AT >E MADE TODAY AB\T ! ,COMMUNI/S ) REG>D TO !IR SUBS]VI5CE TO ,RUSSIA40.<#b#h#b.> ,9 MID-TW5TIE? C5TURY ,AM]ICA1 !RE >E PROBABLY AS MANY 0CONSPIRATORS0 & 0DANG]\S IDEAS10 & AS MANY POLICE ORGANIZATIONS & 09VE/IGATORY BODIES0 TO COPE ) !M1 AS EV] 9 HI/ORY2 C5SOR%IP1 SPY+ & 9=M+ HAVE NOT ONLY BECOME RESPECTABLE PRACTICES1 BUT >E AMONG ! BIG EXP5SES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T4 ,YET ! CIRCLE ( H]ESY CONT9UES TO SPREAD4 

,! OLD ,LEFT 9 ,AM]ICA WAS EFFECTIVELY EMASCULAT$ & R5D]$ IMPOT5T BY ! 9HUMAN P]SECUTION ( ! PA/ FIFTE5 YE>S1 P]SECUTION :OSE BRUTALITY IS EQUAL$ 9 REC5T HI/ORY BY ! ,NAZI P]SECUTION ( ,JEWS4 ,COMMUNI/S1 ?\< R>ELY V]Y RADICAL1 W]E *OS5 AS ! SCAPEGOATS ( ! P]SECUTION4 ,ONE-TIME COMMUNI/S & FRI5DS ( ONE-TIME COMMUNI/S W]E H\ND$ \T ( !IR HOMES & JOBS & COMMUNITIES & =C$ TO D5\NCE =M] COMRADES4 ,SO-CALL$ 0SPIES0 W]E P]SECUT$1 JAIL$ & MURD]$ 9 PEACE-TIME1 & HI<LY RESPECTABLE SCI5TI/S & $UCATORS W]E ?R[N FROM !IR PO/S & O/RACIZ$ = LONG-=GOTT5 0ASSOCIATIONS0 ) COMMUNI/S4 ,FAC$ ) SU* VICI\S P]SECUTION1 ! COMMUNI/S1 :O >E ONLY HUMAN1 RETORT$ ) AN 9FLEXIBLE RIGIDITY & HELD ON = DE> LIFE TO A ?OR\<LY IDEALIZ$ PICTURE ( !IR ,SOVIET ,HEAV51 MU* AS 9 =M] TIMES P]SECUT$ ,EUROPEANS HAD CLUNG TO A ?OR\<LY' EXAGG]AT$ PICTURE ( 0,FREE1 ,DEMOCRATIC ,AM]ICA40 ,HOMELESS1 ! COMMUNI/S C\LD NOT HAVE SURVIV$2 YET BY PLAC+ !IR FAI? 9 AN UNREAL 0PLACE0 :I* DID1 9 REALITY1 HAVE A HI/ORY1 & DID1 AFT] ALL1 CONFRONT UNSOLV$ HUMAN PROBLEMS1 !Y SURVIV$ AT A TREM5D\S PRICE4 ,! PRICE ( SURVIVAL = ,AM]ICAN COMMUNI/S WAS RIGIDITY2 9 ! /RUGGLE TO /AY ALIVE1 !Y LO/ ! GREAT GIFTS !Y HAD 9H]IT$ FROM ,M>X1 ! ABILITY TO ?9K1 ANALYZE & CL>IFY4 ,YET1 UTT]LY REJECT$ & O/RACIZ$1 !Y C\LD NOT HELP BUT HURL DEF5SIVE SLOGANS ?AT HAD LONG LO/ CONT5T1 & FRANTICALLY AFFIRM EV]Y?+ ,SOVIET AS GOOD4 ,! VICTIMS (,NAZI P]SECUTION DID NOT EM]GE ) %>P5$ 9TELLECTS & S5SITIVE IMAG9ATIONS EI!R2 BRUTAL P]SECUTION DEAD5S NOT ONLY ITS P]PETRATORS1 BUT ITS VICTIMS AS WELL4 

,R5D]$ IMPOT5T & RIGID BY VICI\S OPPRESSION1 ! COMMUNI/S HAD YET TO SUFF] ! FUR!R HUMILIATION ( SEE+ FRI5DS & COMRADES1 AS WELL AS O!R 0SOCIALI/S10 TURN ON !M ) A BRUTALITY EV5 GREAT] ?AN ! GOV]NM5T'S4 ,?IS BIZ>RE PH5OM5ON PROBABLY HAS NO EQUAL S9CE ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 :5 M5 :O W]E LABEL$ 0H]ETICS0 SUDD5LY F\ND !MSELVES FE>$ & HAT$ EV5 BY !IR ONE-TIME FRI5DS4 ,N[1 AS !N1 ! FE> ( 0H]ESY0 & CONTAM9ATION IS MOTIVAT$ BY AN IRRATIONAL DESIRE TO SAVE ONE'S 0S\L10 A FE> :I* IS NURTUR$ BY ORGANIZ$ RELIGION4 ,AM]ICA IS AN A!I/ C\NTRY 9 T]MS ( P]SONAL HOPE & FAI?1 9 T]MS ( LOVE & BRO!RHOOD1 IT IS ! WORLD'S GREATE/ REPOSITORY ( A!ISM--YET ,AM]ICA HAS ADOPT$ ! MO/ BRUTAL 9/ITUTION ( ORGANIZ$ RELIGION1 NAMELY ! DEMONOLOG7'4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 A DOCTR9E1 AS WELL AS ITS SPOKESM51 HAVE BE5 ATTRIBUT$ TO ! ,DEVIL1 & AN ,AM]ICAN DOES NOT CONSID] HIMSELF 0SAFE0 IF HE DOES NOT P]IODICALLY D5\NCE ! ,DEVIL'S DOCTR9E1 & IF HE DOES NOT RES]VE = ITS SPOKESM5 A CONTEMPT & HATR$ HE DOES NOT EV5 EXPRESS T[>DS ANIMALS & ?+S4 ,ANTI-COMMUNISM IS ! ONLY RELIGION ( A!I/ ,AM]ICA1 & ITS PRACTICE IS NOT RE/RICT$ TO ! 0AV]AGE MAN10 ! VICTIM ( ! PROPAG&A M$IA1 BUT HAS 9FECT$ & R5D]$ IMPOT5T ! REMA9S ( ! OLD ,LEFT4 ,AM]ICAN 0SOCIALI/S10 FRI<T5$ \T ( !IR WITS BY ! P]SECUTIONS ( COMMUNI/S1 & DEA?LY AFRAID TO BE SWALL[$ UP BY ! RIGIDITY ) :I* !IR ONETIME COMRADES RESPOND$ TO ! P]SECUTIONS1 FELL 9TO AN EQUALLY RIGID PO/URE & SP5T ! REMA9D] ( !IR C>E]S P]SECUT+ COMMUNI/S ) GREAT] BRUTALITY & 9TOL]ANCE ?AN ?AT ( ,CONGRESSM54 ,! NON-SOCIALI/ SECTOR ( ! OLD ,LEFT IS ALSO R5D]$ IMPOT5T BY ! ANTI-COMMUNI/ MANIA1 & IS BESET AS WELL BY 0UNCONDITIONAL PACIFISM40 ,?IS IS A HI<LY REF9$ DOCTR9E :I* HOLDS ?AT ANY REBELLION IS BAD BECAUSE IT BR+S VIOL5CE1 & CONSEQU5TLY ACQUIESC5CE & 9ACTION >E ! ONLY MORAL ALT]NATIVES4 ,?\< R>ELY HELD 9 ITS PURE =M1 ! DOCTR9E'S GREATE/ FUNCTION IS TO PACIFY SO-CALL$ 0LIB]ALS40 ,S9CE SOME =M ( VIOL5CE WILL BE F\ND EV]Y:]E1 S9CE EV5 A /RIKE MAY BE DEF9$ AS A =M ( SABOTAGE1 S9CE NO RESI/ANCE WILL EV] BE 0PURE10 ! \TCOME IS NON-ACTION1 :I* MEANS PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE ( EXI/+ OPPRESSION4 ,G&HI'S PRECEPT ?AT IT IS LESS C[>DLY TO RESI/ OPPRESSION ) VIOL5CE ?AN NOT TO RESI/ AT ALL DOES NOT P5ETRATE ! C[>DLY CONSCI\SNESS4 ,?IS TYPE ( 0PACIFISM0 IS NOT PACIFISM2 IT IS SELF-RI<TE\SNESS MASQU]AD+ AS MORALITY3 IT IS NOT A REJECTION ( VIOL5CE1 OPPRESSION & W>1 BUT RA!R A REJECTION ( ALL EFFECTIVE RESI/ANCE TO VIOL5CE1 OPPRESSION & W>4 ,?US BESET BY MANY TYPES ( 0RADICALS0 :O >E NOT RADICAL1 ! OLD ,LEFT3 WILL CONT9UE IMPOT5T SO LONG AS IT CONT9UES PAY+ ATT5TION TO ! TIR$ CONS]VATIVES 9 ITS MID/4 ,CONT9UALLY CONFRONT+ ! WORLD'S BIGGE/ PROBLEMS1 ! OLD ,LEFT HAS NEI!R UNITY1 NOR PROGRAM1 NOR PLAN ( ACTION-- NOR SOLID>ITY NOR SUPPORT--ABOVE ALL1 NO HOPE OR PROMISE4 

,A COMP>ISON ( REVOLUTIONS LEADS TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT EV]Y REVOLUTION IS A BREAK-?R\<3 IT IS UNPREC$5T$2 ITS CAUSAL SEQU5CE IS NOT PR$ICTABLE2 IT IS UNIQUE4 ,RADICAL ACTION CAN DEF9E ! OBJECTIVES & PREP>E ! GR\ND2 IT CAN HAVE A PROGRAM & A PLAN ( ACTION2 BUT IT CANNOT HAVE A BLUEPR9T1 BECAUSE A BLUEPR9T W\LD BE \TDAT$ FROM ONE DAY TO ! NEXT4 ,! PATT]NS ( ONE REVOLUTION >E APPLICABLE TO ANO!R ONLY SYMBOLICALLY2 ! ACCUMULAT$ EXP]I5CE ( REVOLUTIONS IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO IMAG9ATIVE ANALOGY1 NOT TO TRANSPLANTATION3 A TROPICAL PLANT WILL NOT GR[ 9 ! ,>CTIC4 ,SO F>1 SOCIAL REVOLUTIONS HAVE CONC]N$ !MSELVES ) ! TE*NOLOGICAL1 $UCATIONAL & CULTURAL DEVELOPM5T ( REGIONS1 & HAVE ?US BE5 ABLE TO PURSUE !IR AIMS )9 NATIONAL B\ND>IES & NATIONALI/ CONCEPTS4 ,!RE WILL NO D\BT CONT9UE TO BE REGIONAL1 NATIONALI/ REVOLUTIONS SO LONG AS ! 9EQUALITY BETWE5 REGIONS1 ! POLITICAL B>RI]S BETWE5 !M1 & ! CONTRIV$ NATIONAL LOYALTIES CONT9UE TO EXI/4 ,IT IS CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! BIGGE/ PROBLEMS ( \R TIME1 CORPORATE PLUND] & ! W> ( TOTAL ANNIHILATION1 CANNOT BE DEALT ) 9 NATIONALI/ CONF9ES4 ,! VICTIMS ( CORPORATE PLUND] >E NOT RE/RICT$ TO ANV REGION3 !Y >E 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 9 ALL ! WORLD'S 0UND]DEVELOP$ NATIONS02 ! NEUTRALI/S ( ,LAOS1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION>IES ( ,CUBA >E VICTIMS ( CONT9U+ T]ROR & 9VASION2 EV5 ! REMOTE & /ABLE ,RUSSIANS & ,*9ESE >E =C$ BY CORPORATE MILIT>ISM 9TO MILIT>Y PO/URES :I* ?REAT5 TO OV]:ELM !IR A*IEVEM5TS4 ,! NUCLE> W> ( ANNIHILATION IS NOT A PROBLEM CONF9$ TO A REGION OR EV5 A CONT95T3 ,9DONESIANS1 ,TAHITIANS & ,ESKIMOS1 AS WELL AS UNBORN G5]ATIONS1 W\LD ALL BE AFFECT$4 ,IT IS NO LONG] CLE> ?AT ! 9HABITANTS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY HAVE A BETT] OPPORTUNITY ( DEAL+ ) !SE PROBLEMS ?AN ?OSE 0\TSIDE03 ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T N[ KEEPS ELABORATE FILES ON ALL ITS 0DANG]\S 9HABITANTS0.<#b#h#c.> & HAS ! P[] TO REMOVE & ISOLATE ALL 0DANG]\S10 MEAN+ EFFECTIVE1 CRITICS4 ,IS IT EV5 CLE>1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT A G5]AL /RIKE ( ALL HUMANITY AGA9/ ! CORPORATE W> ECONOMY C\LD NOT BE ORGANIZ$ ) GREAT] EASE ?AN A G5]AL /RIKE ( ,AM]ICAN WORK]S8 ,E>LY 9 ?IS C5TURY1 ! 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( RADICALS WAS DISC>D$ BECAUSE ( HI/ORICAL NECESSITY2 YET CLE>LY1 :5 PLUND] & W> >E C>RI$ \T 9 A ,NATIONAL ,9T]E/1 ANT9ATIONALISM BECOMES ONCE MORE AN AIM ( REVOLUTION2 ! 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( RADICALS HAS N[ BECOME A HI/ORICAL NECESSITY4 ,! ISSUES >E NO LONG] REGIONAL BUT WORLD-WIDE2 FROM ONE 0NATION0 TO ANO!R1 ! PROBLEMS DIFF] 9 DEGREE1 NOT 9 K9D2 ! DEGRADATION ( HUMAN BE+S = A FEW M5'S PRIVILEGE1 ! 0PROTECTION0 ( PRIVILEGE BY ANNIHILATION1 >E NOT P>O*IAL 9/ITUTIONS ?AT AFFECT ONLY A SMALL SECTOR ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION2 !Y >E ! C5TRAL CONC]NS ( ALL MANK9D4 ,EV5 REGIONAL DEVELOPM5T )9 NATIONALI/ CONF9ES CANNOT EFFECTIVELY BE C>RI$ \T :ILE T]RORISM & SABOTAGE ?REAT5 EV]Y ACCOMPLI%M5T4 ,9T]NAL DISAFFECTION & EXT]NAL DEFECTION FROM CORPORATE 0FRE$OM0 >E NOT TWO SEP>ATE REVOLUTIONS2 !Y >E TWO FACETS ( ! SAME REVOLUTION1 & NEI!R CAN SUCCE$ IF IT BETRAYS ! O!R4 ,PLUND]1 W>1 & ! NATIONALISM UND] :OSE GUISE !Y >E C>RI$ ON1 CANNOT EFFECTIVELY BE OPPOS$ ) PLUND]1 W> & NATIONALISM4 ,IF M5 >E TO BECOME FULLY 5GAG$ 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( PEACE1 CULTURE & COMMUNITY1 !Y WILL RISK EXILE1 IMPRISONM5T & DEA?4 ,! RISK WILL NOT BE TAK51 IT WILL NOT BE WOR?:ILE1 UNTIL PEACE MEANS ! RECOGNITION ( ! IMPORTANCE ( EV]7' HUMAN BE+1 UNTIL CULTURE IS GR\ND$ ON ! EQUAL ACCESSIBILITY ( ! MEANS ( LIFE TO EV]Y MAN1 UNTIL COMMUNITY PROVIDES = UNTRAMMEL$ CRITICISM1 COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T & CREATIVE P>TICIPATION BY ALL1 & = ALL M54 

,JUNE #aifa 

,NEW ,YORK ,CITY 

O ,BIBLIOGRAPHY 
,A4 ,! ,D,E,M,O,C,R,A,T,I,C ,I,D,E,A,L 

,I APOLOGIZE = ! ,EUROPEAN BIAS ( MY BIBLIOGRAPHY4 ,I UND]/& !RE >E OLD TRADITIONS ( PR(\ND EXPLORATIONS ( DEMOCRATIC POLITIES 9 ,9DONESIA1 ,9DIA1 ,*9A1 & D\BTLESS ELSE:]E4 ,I REGRET NOT HAV+ READ ! WORKS1 & HOPE ?AT MY SKET*Y EXPRESSION ( ! DEMOCRATIC POLITY IS NOT ALTOGE!R 9COMPATIBLE ) :AT IS BE/ 9 ?OSE TRADITIONS4 

,MY >TICULATION ( ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL 9TO F\R P>TS1 :I* ,I HAVE T]M$ SOCIAL JU/ICE1 $UCATION1 COMMUNICATION1 P>TICIPATION1 CAN OBVI\SLY TAKE AS MANY =MS AS !RE >E M5 :O WILL UND]TAKE ! /UDY4 ,LE/ SOME UNIMAG9ATIVE READ] MISUND]/& ME1 IT HAS NOT BE5 MY 9T5TION TO ]ECT WALLS1 BUT TO OP5 DOORS4 ,! F\R PR9CIPLES ,I HAVE EXAM9$ DO NOT DESCRIBE ! F9AL %APE ( A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY BUT ! CONDITIONS = A DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T4 ,!RE C\LD BE NO 0F9AL %APE0 TO SU* AN EXP]IM5T1 S9CE !SE >E CONDITIONS = EA* TO DEVELOP ACCORD+ TO HIS G5IUS & HIS CAPABILITIES4 ,! V]Y UNI=MITY ONE F9DS ON A TRIP ACROSS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--UNI=M >*ITECTURE1 UNI=M IDEAS1 UNI=M HOPES--BELIES ! EXI/5CE ( DEMOCRACY ON ANY P>T ( ?IS VA/ CONT95T4 ,I HAVE TRI$ TO LI/ F\R CONDITIONS :I* W\LD DESCRIBE ! ANTI!SIS ( UNI=MITY1 M$IOCRITY1 & C5TRALIZATION4 ,! ?REAT ( UNI=MITY COMES FROM FASCISM1 :I* OP5LY PROCLAIMS UNI=MITY & REGIM5TATION AS ITS IDEAL2 FROM CAPITALISM1 :I* HAS ]ECT$ M>KET >*ITECTURE1 M>KET RELATIONS1 & M>KET M5TALITIES :]EV] 9 ! WORLD IT HAS P5ETRAT$2 FROM A 0TRANSITIONAL SOCIALISM0 9 :I* ! 0TRANSITION0 IS 5TR5*$ AS A C5TRALIZ$ /ATE & ! SOCIALISM IS =GOTT54 ,LOOK+ AT ! SOCIETIES ( TODAY1 ,I CAN DI/+UI% MORE OR LESS MIS]Y & SUFF]+1 MORE OR LESS HOPE & PROMISE2 ,I CANNOT1 H]E & N[1 MAKE \T A SOCIETY ,I W\LD CALL DEMOCRATIC3 I4E41 ONE :I* GIVES FULL PLAY TO ! CREATIVE POT5TIALITIES ( ! HUMAN BE+4 

,I LI/ BEL[ SOME BOOKS ?AT CA/ LI<T ON ONE OR ANO!R ASPECT ( DEMOCRACY4 ,!SE BOOKS >E M]ELY ! DAMP5$ S&S ON ! BEA* ,I HAPP5 TO HAVE VISIT$3 ,I HAVE NOT EV5 BEGUN TO EXPLORE ! VA/ OCEAN4 ,BUT ,I HOPE ?AT ! /ORM ( ROCKETS & BOMB-?REATS SUBSIDES1 & ?AT M5 HAVE ! PATI5CE & TIME TO BEG9 ! EXPLORATION4 

,GEORG ,BII*N]1 ,DANTON'S ,DEA?4 7#a#h#c #e7 ,AN EXTREMELY P[]FUL1 UNJU/LY NEGLECT$ GREAT PLAY1 9 :I* ! /RUGGLE ?AT DEFEAT$ ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 DRAMATICALLY SYMBOLIZ$ 9 ! CLA% BETWE5 ,DANTON & ,ROBESPI]RE1 IS PR(\NDLY EXAM9$4 

,MIGUEL DE ,C]VANTES ,SAAV$RA1 ,EL ,+5IOSO ,HIDALGO3 ,DON ,QUIXOTE DE LA ,MAN*A4 

,JOHN ,DEWEY1 ,HUMAN ,NATURE & ,CONDUCT1 ,FRE$OM & ,CULTURE4 ,DEWEV ASSIGNS A CRUCIAL ROLE TO $UCATION = ! ATTA9M5T ( ! CREATIVE 9DIVIDUALS & ! EXP]IM5TAL SOCIAL CONTEXT 9DISP5SABLE TO DEMOCRACY4 

,H[>D ,FA/1 ,CITIZ5 ,TOM ,PA9E4 ,AN EXCIT+ & IMPORTANT NOVEL ON SOME ( ! =CES ?AT L$ TO ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION4 

,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY4 7,$IT$ BY ,SAUL ,K ,PADOV]47 ,A COLLECTION ( WRIT+S BY ! 0,FA!R ( ,AM]ICAN ,DEMOCRACY40 

,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,E?ICS4 ,! AN>*I/ ,KROPOTK9 WAS P]HAPS ! ONLY RADICAL ,M>XI/ :O RECOGNIZ$ ?AT CAPITALISM CANNOT BE EFFECTIVELY DE/ROY$1 NOR SOCIALI/ DEMOCRACY U%]$ 91 UNTIL ! CAPITALI/ M$IUM ( REPRESSION1 ! ,/ATE1 IS TOTALLY ABOLI%$4 

,LEO ,L[5?AL1 ,LIT]ATURE & ! ,IMAGE ( ,MAN4 ,LUCID ANALYSIS ( REFLECTIONS 9 LIT]ATURE ON ! GOLD5 AGE & ! GRADUAL DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM AFT] ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ,EUROPEAN FEUDALISM4 

,JOHN ,LOCKE1 ,AN ,ESSAY ,CONC]N+ ! ,TRUE ,ORIG9AL1 ,EXT5T1 & ,5D ( ,CIVIL ,GOV]NM5T 7#a#f#i74 

,K>L ,MANNHEIM1 ,IDEOLOGY & ,UTOPIA3 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,SOCIOLOGY ( ,KN[L$GE4 7,TRANSLATION BY ,L\IS ,WIR? & ,$W>D ,%ILS47 ,A S*OL>LY HI/ORY & SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ( ! ROLE ( UTOPIA 9 ,WE/]N POLITICAL ?\<T4 

,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL1 ,ON ,LIB]TY4 7#a#h#e#i7 ,/ILL ! BE/ DEF5SE ( UNTRAMMEL$ COMMUNICATION4 

,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL1 ,REPRES5TATIVE ,GOV]NM5T4 7#a#h#f#a7 ,MILL1 HIMSELF A MEMB] ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 IS H]E MORE WORRI$ AB\T ! REPRESSION ( ! FEW BY ! MANY1 ?AN AB\T MANIPULATION ( ! MANY BY ! FEW4 

,?OMAS ,MORE1 ,UTOPIA1 7FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#e#a#f74 

,PLATO1 ,DIALOGUES4 ,?\< ,PLATO'S IDEAL 0REPUBLIC0 IS NOT A DEMOCRACY1 HE NEV]!LESS EXAM9ES PR(\NDLY ! MEAN+ ( $UCATION1 ( COMMUNICATION1 ( JU/ICE4 

,JEAN ,JACQUES ,R\SSEAU1 ,DISC\RSE ON ! ,CAUSES ( ,9EQUALITY ,AMONG ,M54 7#a#g#e#d7 

,JEAN ,JACQUES ,R\SSEAU1 ,! ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT4 7#a#g#f#b7 ,! PROCLAMATION ( ! 9COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 FRE$OM & PRIVILEGE4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ,R\SSEAU IS NOT A LOGICAL ?9K]1 & AS A RESULT HIS WORK CONTA9S ! 5TIRE SPECTRUM ( EI<TE5?1 N9ETE5?1 & TW5TIE? C5TURY POLITICAL IDEAS4 

,GEORGE ,H4 ,SAB9E1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,POLITICAL ,!ORY1 #a#i#e#e4 ,A MONUM5TAL /UDY ( POLITICAL ?\<T FROM E>LY ,GREECE TO TW5TIE? C5TURY ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 

,JOHANN ,*RI/OPH ,FRI$RI* VON ,S*ILL]1 ,DIE ,RAUB] 7,! ,ROBB]S7 7#a#g#i#a7 & ,WILLIAM ,TELL 7#a#h#d74 

,WILLIAM ,%AKESPE>E1 ,! ,TEMPE/4 

,MAX ,WEB]1 ,POLITICS AS A ,VOCATION 79 ,FROM ,MAX ,WEB]3 ,ESSAYS 9 ,SOCIOLOGY1 $IT$ BY ,H4,H4 ,G]? & ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS74 ,EXAM9ATION ( ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! POLITITIAN4 

,WILFR$ ,WELLOCK1 ,G&HI AS A ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y4 ,G&HIAN DEMOCRACY 9 !ORY & PRACTICE4 

,$MUND ,WILSON1 ,TO ! ,F9L& ,/ATION3 ,A ,/UDY ,9 ! ,WRIT+ & ,ACTRNG ( ,HI/ORY4 ,9 PLACES M>R$ BY A PROV9CIAL \TLOOK1 ,WILSON'S BOOK IS BY & L>GE A SYMPA!TIC HI/ORICAL /UDY ( DEMOCRATS & SOCIALI/S FROM ,VICO TO ,L594 

,B4 ,! ,H,I,/,O,R,Y ,& ,M,O,R,P,H,O,L,O,G,Y ,( ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,S,M 

,!RE IS A VA/ LIT]ATURE ON ! GR[? ( CAPITALISM1 MU* ( IT CON/ITUT+ M]E FOOTNOTES TO ! PIONE]+ WORK DONE BY ,M>X & ,5GELS1 MU* ( IT CONTA9+ A GREAT DEAL ( NEW 9SI<T & FACT4 ,I CANNOT H]E LI/ EV5 A FRACTION ( ! BOOKS :I* T\* ON OR COV] ?IS TOPIC1 & CAN M]ELY SUGGE/ ?AT ! READ] UNFAMILI> ) ! SUBJECT MATT] PURSUE ! FOOTNOTES & BIBLIOGRAPHIES (! BOOB ,I DO LI/1 & ?US CON/RUCT = HIMSELF A MORE ?OR\< BIBLIOGRAPHY4 ,IF ,I OMIT IMPORTANT WORKS FROM ! LI/1 ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ,I DO NOT CONSID] !M IMPORTANT2 IT MAY M]ELY MEAN ,I HAVE NOT READ !M4 ,?IS LI/ IS M]ELY MEANT TO BE SUGGE/IVE3 READ]S FAMILI> ) ! TOPIC WILL PROBABLY NOT F9D IT USEFUL4 

,! FOLL[+ BOOKS GIVE ORIG9AL 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! CAPITALISM 9 ! CONTEXT ( ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN & ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY4 

,PAUL ,A4 ,B>AN1 ,! ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ,GR[?4 ,A BRILLIANT ANALYSIS ( ! RAMIFICATIONS ( WORLD CAPITALISM 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,B>AN'S 0MORPHOLOGY ( BACKW>DNESS0 LUCIDLY UNMASKS ! P]SI/5CE ( ECONOMIC COLONIALISM UND] V>I\S *ANG$ LABELS1 & CLE>LY LI/S ! REQUISITES = ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T = ! 0UND]DEVELOP$0 P>T ( ! WORLD4 

,*>LES ,A4 ,BE>D1 ,AN ,ECONOMIC ,9T]PRETATION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#a#c4 

,*>LES ,A4 ,BE>D1 ,ECONOMIC ,ORIG9S ( ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY4 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#a#e4 

,NI*OLAS ,B]DYAEV1 ,! ,MEAN+ ( ,HI/ORY4 7#a#i#b-#b#b7 ,AN ATTEMPT TO 9T]PRET ! TRANSITION FROM FEUDALISM TO CAPITALISM 9 T]MS ( ! M$IEVAL DIVORCE ( MAN FROM NATURE4 

,B]TOLT ,BRE*T1 ,GALILEO4 

,]I* ,FROMM1 ,! ,SANE ,SOCIETY4 ,TREATS ! PSY*OLOGICAL CONDITION ( MAN 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 

,>NOLD ,HAUS]1 ,! ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY ( ,>T4 ,A MONUM5TAL WORK :I* TELLS ! HI/ORY ( ,WE/]N >T )9 ! CONTEXT ( *ANG+ SOCIAL1 POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS4 

,LEO ,HUB]MAN1 ,MAN'S ,WORLDLY ,GOODS4 

,]I* ,KAHL]1 ,MAN ! ,MEASURE4 ,FULL ( PR(\ND HI/ORICAL 9SI<TS1 BUT ,KAHL]'S ATTEMPT TO %[ MAN'S 0TRANSC5D5CE0 FROM ONE LEVEL TO ANO!R IS NOT ALTOGE!R CONV9C+1 S9CE AT ! 5D MAN HAS 0TRANSC5D$0 9TO IMBECILITY & B>B>ISM1 AS ,KAHL] HIMSELF IS WELL AW>E4 

,LEO ,L[5?AL1 ,LIT]ATURE & ! ,IMAGE ( ,MAN4 

,?OMAS ,MANN1 ,BUDD5BROOKS4 ,! 5TIRE SPECTRUM ( CAPITALI/ HI/ORY1 AS REFLECT$ 9 ! /ORY ( ONE ,G]MAN FAMILY1 IS SYMPA!TICALLY1 ?\< IRONICALLY1 PRES5T$ 9 ?IS E>LY MA/]PIECE ( ! GREATE/ ,EUROPEAN NOVELI/ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 

,K>L ,M>X1 ,DAS ,KAPITAL4 ,! FIR/1 & /ILL BY F> ! MO/ PR(\ND1 SY/EMATIC ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM4 

,M>X & ,5GELS1 ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O4 ,PRIM>ILY DESIGN$ AS A PROGRAM = REVOLUTION>IES1 ?IS PAMPHLET NEV]!LESS CONTA9S AN EXCELL5T SUMM>Y ANALYSIS ( N9ETE5? C5TURY CAPITALISM4 

,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,TE*NICS & ,CIVILIZATION1 ,! ,CULTURE ( ,CITIES1 ,! ,CONDITION ( ,MAN4 ,A BRILLIANT TRILOGY :OSE SCOPE & DEP? VIVIDLY DEMON/RATE ?AT ONE MAN IS /ILL CAPABLE ( 9=M+ HIMSELF ON EV]Y IMPORTANT ASPECT ( ! WORLD 9 :I* HE LIVES4 

,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,! ,TRANS=MATIONS ( ,MAN4 ,?IS SMALL BOOK IS A CONCISE & SUGGE/IVE HI/ORY ( HUMANITY1 AS WELL AS A SUMM>Y ( ,MUM=D'S MAJOR HI/ORICAL 9SI<TS4 

,JOHN ,H]MAN ,R&ALL1 ,JR41 ,MAK+ ( ! ,MODEM ,M9D4 ,A HI/ORY ( ! TRANSITION FROM FEUDALISM TO CAPITALISM AS REFLECT$ 9 PHILOSOPHICAL & POLITICAL IDEAS4 ,R&ALL RELATES ! IDEAS TO ! AGE & ITS PROBLEMS1 & ALSO EXPLORES ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! IDEAS ON DIEIR [N T]MS4 ,CONTA9S COMPREH5SIVE BIBLIOGRAPHIES ( EA* P]IOD4 

,GEORGE ,H4 ,SAB9E1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,POLITICAL ,!ORY1 ESPECIALLY *APT]S #bh TO #c#d1 :I* TELL ! HI/ORY ( POLITICAL !ORIES FROM ,R\SSEAU TO ,M>X4 

,WILLIAM ,%AKESPE>E1 ,TWELF? ,NI<T4 

,R4 ,H4 ,TAWNEY1 ,RELIGION & ! ,RISE ( ,CAPITALISM4 ,A CONCISE & BRILLIANT HI/ORY ( ! ROLE ( RELIGI\S BELIEF & DOGMA 9 ! TRANSITION FROM ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN FEUDALISM TO CAPITALISM4 

,JOHN ,TAYLOR ( ,C>OL9E ,C\NTY1 ,VIRG9IA1 ,AN ,9QUIRY ,9TO ! ,PR9CIPLES & ,POLICY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,FR$]ICKSBURG1 ,VA41 9 #a#h#a#d4 

,?OR/E9 ,VEBL51 ,! ,!ORY ( ,BM9ESS ,5T]PRISE & ,! ,!ORY ( ! ,LEISURE ,CLASS4 ,VEBL5 SY/EMATICALLY UNVEILS ! C5TRAL 9/ITUTIONS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ) SU/A9$ IRONY & BIT+ SATIRE4 

,MAX ,WEB]1 ,! ,PROTE/ANT ,E?IC & ! ,SPIRIT ( ,CAPITALISM4 

,MAX ,WEB]1 0,CLASS1 ,/ATUS1 ,P>TY10 :I* IS *APT] #g 9 ,FROM ,MAX ,WEB]3 ,ESSAYS ,9 ,SOCIOLOGY1 $IT$ BY ,H4 ,H4 ,G]? & ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS4 

,WILLIAM ,APPLEMAN ,WILLIAMS1 ,! ,TRAG$Y ( ,AM]ICAN ,DIPLOMACY4 ,A CONCISE HI/ORY ( ! CONCEPTS :I* GUIDE ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T 9 ITS RELATIONS ) ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 

,C4 ,! ,C,O,R,P,O,R,A,T,E ,S,O,C,I,E,T,Y ,& ,! ,T,W,5,T,I,E,? ,C,5,T,U,R,Y 

,ONCE AGA9 ,I WI% TO PO9T \T ?AT ! BOOKS LI/$ H]E DO NOT COMPRISE A COMPLETE READ+ LI/2 !Y >E M]ELY EXAMPLES4 ,?IS BIBLIOGRAPHY IS NOT 9T5D$ = ! /UD5T ( HUMAN AFFAIRS1 :O IS D\BTLESS WELL AW>E ?AT ! SPECIM5 ,I LI/ >E A M]E TA/E ( ! VA/ LIT]ATURE AVAILABLE4 ,?IS BIBLIOGRAPHY %\LD1 RA!R1 UNMASK ! WILLFUL & SELF-9FLICT$ *>ACT] ( ! IGNORANCE ( ! SPECIALI/1 :E!R HIS 0FIELD0 IS POETRY OR PA?OLOGY--AN IGNORANCE HE 9VOKES ) ! WORDS 0,:]E %\LD ,I F9D !SE ?+S \T80 :5EV] HIS /]EOTYP$ 0OP9IONS0 >E *ALL5G$4 ,! QUE/ION1 TOGE!R ) ! ATTITUDE ( SAD HELPLESSNESS ) :I* IT IS ASK$1 IMPLY ?AT ONLY ! *OS5 FEWR1 AFT] A RIGOR\S & MY/]I\S 9ITIATION1 >E CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ ! TRULY G>GANTUAN PROBLEMS ( \R DI/RESS+LY DIFFICULT AGE4 ,?IS OBSCURANTI/ ATTITUDE IS AN ATTEMPT TO ESCAPE ! RESPONSIBILITY TO =M ONE'S [N JUDGM5T1 & AN EF=T TO JU/IFY BL9D CON=MISM TO ! VIEWS ( ! 0RESPECTABLE40 ,! BOOKS ,I LI/ H]E1 H[EV]1 >E NOT ONLY A SMALL FRACTION ( ILLUM9AT+ AVAILABLE BOOKS ON HUMAN AFFAIRS2 MO/ ( !M >E READILY AVAILABLE 9 ALL LIBR>IES & BOOK/ORES4 ,& NO SPECIAL 9ITIATION IS REQUIR$ = AN 9TELLIG5T READ+ ( !SE BOOKS1 EXCEPT ?AT :I* IS GIV5 9 ! FIR/ YE>S ( ELEM5T>Y S*OOL1 NAMELY ! 9ITIATION 9TO LIT]ACY4 

,SPECIALI/S MAY BE %OCK$ TO F9D1 ON ONE & ! SAME READ+ LI/1 BOOKS BY POETS & PSY*OLOGI/S1 PHILOSOPH]S & ECONOMI/S4 ,?AT'S A PROBLEM ! SPECIALI/S WILL HAVE TO RESOLVE4 ,I HAVE WORK$ UND] ! ASSUMPTION ?AT SPECIALISM IS A SPECIES ( IGNORANCE1 & ?AT ! 5TIRE CORPUS ( HUMAN KN[L$GE IS ! LEGITIMATE 0FIELD0 ( HUMAN CONC]N4 ,!SE ASSUMPTIONS HAVE BE5 MADE 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD = C5TURIES1 & !Y HAVE NOT1 TO MY KN[L$GE1 BE5 DISPROV$4 #a'HE 09SECT ?AT HAS SOMEH[ CONTRIV$ TO MOCK HUMANITY0 HAS NOT YET CONV9C+LY %[N ?AT HIS 09CR$IBLE EXAGG]ATION ( SOME P>TICUL> FEATURE0 IS EI!R B5EFICIAL TO HUMANITY OR DESIR$ BY M54 

,AM]ICAN ,FRI5DS ,S]VICE ,COMMITTEE1 ,SPEAK ,TRU? TO ,P[]4 0,A ,QUAK] ,SE>* = AN ,ALT]NATIVE TO ,VIOL5CE40 

,PAUL ,A4 ,B>AN1 ,! ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ,GR[?4 

,SAMUEL ,BECKETT1 ,WAIT+ = ,GODOT4 ,A NIHILI/IC MA/]PIECE4 

,J4,D4 ,B]NAL1 ,WORLD ,)\T ,W>4 ,AN EXCELL5T BOOK :I* DESCRIBES VIVIDLY ! B5EFITS :I* ALL HUMANITY C\LD D]IVE FROM A CESSATION ( ! W> ECONOMY4 

,ALB]T ,BIGEL[1 ,! ,VOYAGE ( ! ,GOLD5 ,RULE4 ,DESCRIPTION ( AN ATTEMPT BY PACIFI/S TO RESI/ ! LUNATIC PREP>ATIONS = ANNIHILATION BY SAIL+ 9TO ! ATOMIC TE/+ >EA4 

,B]TOLT ,BRE*T1 ,?REEP5NY ,OP]A4 

,H>RISON ,BR[N1 ,! ,*ALL5GE ( ,MAN'S ,FUTURE4 ,EXAM9ES ! CONSEQU5CES ( ! WA/E ( NATURAL RES\RCES1 & PRES5TS !SIS ?AT1 %\LD ! WORLD ECONOMY BE DISRUPT$ BY ANO!R W>1 MAN WILL NOT AGA9 BE ABLE TO RECON/RUCT TE*NOLOGY1 & ?US WILL NEV] AGA9 BE ABLE TO MA9TA9 ! L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 OR ! CONC5TRATION ( NONAGRICULTURAL POPULATIONS 9 CITIES1 ?AT >E POSSIBLE TODAY4 

,H>RISON ,BR[N1 ,JAMES ,REAL1 ,COMMUNITY ( ,FE>4 ,! DE/RUCTIVE CAPACITIES ( NUCLE> WEAPONS4 ,9DISP5SABLE READ+1 ESPECIALLY = 0OPTIMI/S0 & = 0%ELT]0 ADDICTS4 

,ALB]T ,CAMUS1 ,! ,/RANG] & ,! ,PLAGUE4 ,TWO BRILLIANT NOVELS ON ! PR$ICAM5T ( TW5TIE? C5TURY ,EUROPEAN MAN1 ! FIR/ DEPICT+ ! NIHILISM1 ! SECOND ! TRANSC5D5CE ( NIHILISM ?R\< CONT9U+ 9VOLVEM5T )\T BELIEF OR HOPE4 

,ALB]T ,CAMUS1 ,! ,REBEL4 ,A HI/ORY ( REBELLION1 AS WELL AS A PRES5TATION ( ,CAMUS' VIEW ?AT REBELLION BETRAYS ITSELF :5 IT NEGATES HUMAN LIFE & TURNS TO VIOL5CE4 ,?IS IS NOT ,CAMUS' LA/ POSITION2 BE=E HIS DEA? BY AUTOMOBILE HE SEEMS TO HAVE REJECT$ REBELLION ALTOGE!R4 7,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! LAT] ESSAYS 9 ,RESI/ANCE1 ,REBELLION1 & ,DEA?47 

,JOSUE DE ,CA/RO1 ,! ,GEOGRAPHY ( ,HUNG]4 ,UN=GETTABLE DESCRIPTION ( ! MIS]Y1 ! HUNG]1 ! SUFF]+ & DISEASE1 ?AT >E A DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( MONOCULTURE1 PLANTATIONS1 ONE-CROP ECONOMIES--9 %ORT1 ( WE/]N COLONIAL CAPITALISM4 

,!ODORE ,DREIS]1 ,SI/] ,C>RIE4 ,AM]ICAN EPIC ( ! UNSUCCESSFUL CAPITALI/4 

,!ODORE ,DREIS]1 ,! ,F9ANCI]4 

,FYODOR ,DO/OYEVSKY1 ,! ,BRO!RS ,K>AMAZOV4 

,FYODOR ,DO/OYEVSKY'1 ,NOTES FROM ! ,UND]GR\ND4 

,F4 ,SCOTT ,FITZG]ALD1 ,! ,GREAT ,GATSBY4 ,?IS NOVEL ON ! 0,AM]ICAN DREAM0 & ON ! CONT5T ( ,AM]ICAN 0CULTURE10 GIVES P>T ( ! ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION 0,:AT DO ! RI* DO ) !IR MONEY80 

,WALDO ,FRANK1 ,! ,R$ISCOV]Y ( ! ,MAN4 ,A REEVALUATION ( ,WE/]N HI/ORY4 

,]I* ,FROMM1 ,ESCAPE FROM ,FRE$OM1 ,MAN ,= ,HIMSELF ,! ,SANE ,SOCIETY4 ,A TRILOGY ?AT DEVELOPS A COMPREH5SIVE VIEW ( ! PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES ( LIFE 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 

,PAUL ,GOODMAN1 ,GR[+ ,UP ,ABSURD4 

,/U>T ,HU<ES1 ,CONSCI\SNESS & ,SOCIETY4 ,A HI/ORY & CRITIQUE ( ! SOCIAL IDEAS & PHILOSOPHIES ( ,EUROPE FROM ! #a#h#iS4 

,ALD\S ,HUXLEY1 ,BRAVE ,NEW ,WORLD4 

,K5NE? ,+RAM1 ,HI/ORY ( ! ,COLD ,W>4 ,A ,BRITI% VIEW ( ! ,COLD ,W> :I* CONTROV]TS MO/ ( ! DOGMAS PU%$ ON ,AM]ICANS BY !IR 0AV5UES ( TRU?40 

,PAUL ,JOHNSON1 0,! ,PLUND]$ ,CONT95T10 ,NEW ,/ATEM5T 7,LONDON71 ,SEPTEMB] #a#g1 #a#i#f4 ,A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN COLONIALISM 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA2 A MA/]PIECE ( SOCIAL ANALYSIS4 

,JAMES ,JOYCE1 ,ULYSSES4 ,! GR& 5TRANCE ( NIHILISM 9TO TW5TIE? C5TURY LIT]ATURE4 

,ROB]T ,JUNGK1 ,TOMORR[ IS ,ALREADY ,H]E4 

,ROB]T ,JUNGK1 ,BRI<T] ,?AN A ,?\S& ,SUNS4 ,A HI/ORY ( ! MAK+ ( ! ATOMIC BOMB & ! SUBSEQU5T EF=TS ( ! 9ITIAT+ SCI5TI/S TO UNMAKE !IR ,GREAT ,GIFT TO ,HUMANITY4 

,FRANZ ,KAFKA1 ,AM]IKA1 ,! ,TRIAL1 ,! ,CA/LE1 ,METAMORPHOSIS4 ,EA* A MA/]PIECE ( 0TRU] ?AN HI/ORY0 FICTION4 ,! SITUATIONS :I* R$UCE ! HUMAN BE+ TO A TRAPP$ 9SECT1 TO A CIPH]1 BELIE ! PROPAG&A AB\T ,HUMAN ,DIGNITY SOLD TO ! CONSUM]S ( WE/]N 0CIVILIZATION40 

,]IC ,KAHL]1 ,! ,T[] & ! ,ABYSS4 ,CRITICAL EVALUATION ( ! 9TELLECTUAL & LIT]>Y CONT5T ( TW5TIE? C5TURY ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA4 

,ALB]T ,E4 ,KAHN1 ,! ,GAME ( ,DEA?3 ,EFFECTS ( ! ,COLD ,W> ON ,\R ,*ILDR54 

,H>OLD ,P4 ,LASSWELL1 ,PROPAG&A ,TE*NIQUE 9 ! ,WORLD ,W>4 ,VIVIDLY ANALYZES ! MANIPULATION ( COMMUNICATION DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 

,LIB]ATION MAGAZ9E4 ,A PACIFI/ MON?LY ?AT G5]ALLY CONTA9S ?\<TFUL & TIMELY >TICLES ON WORLD AFFAIRS4 

,?OMAS ,MANN1 ,! ,MAGIC ,M\NTA94 ,SET 9 A SANATORIUM1 ?IS BRILLIANT NOVEL DEPICTS 9 ! =M ( LOOSE ALLEGORY ! WAVE ( NIHILISM & UNLEA%$ VIOL5CE SWEEP+ ACROSS ,EUROPE E>LY 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 

,?OMAS ,MANN1 ,DOCTOR ,FAU/US4 ,BAS$ ON ! ORIG9AL ,G]MAN ,FAU/BU*1 ?IS SOMB] MA/]PIECE SYMBOLICALLY REPRES5TS ! HI/ORY ( ,G]MAN NIHILISM & ITS F9AL ]UPTION 9TO LUNACY1 AS !Y >E EMBODI$ 9 ! COMPOS] ,ADRIAN ,LEV]KIIHN4 

,K>L ,MANNHEIM1 ,MAN & ,SOCIETY 9 AN ,AGE ( ,RECON/RUCTION4 

,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS4 ,! ,PONR] ,ELITE4 ,UND\BT$LY ! BE/ ANALYSIS ( MID-TW 5TIE? C5TURY CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 

,C4 ,W RI<T ,MILLS4 I,VHRTE ,COLL>4 ,SOCIOLOGICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL ANALYSIS ( ! ROLES & WAYS ( LIFE ( ! 0NEW CLASS0 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 

,C4 ,W RI<T ,MILLS1 ,! ,CAUSE TF,M,HD ,W> ,I,I,I4 ,! W> ECONOMY1 ! MILIT>Y PO/URE ( ! GOV]NM5T1 & ! ABDICATION ( RESPONSIBILITY BY ! PUBLIC1 ! 9TELLECTUALS1 ! SCI5TI/S4 

,MON?LY ,RMR1@9 MAGAZ9E1 0AN 9DEP5D5T SOCIALI/ MAGAZ9E40 ,9 MV OP9ION ! BE/ COMM5T>Y ON CONTEMPOR>Y HI/ORY :I* DIFF]S FROM ! (FICIAL L9E ( ! ,AM]ICAN M$IA ( 0COMMUNICATION40 

,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,! ,TRANS=MATIONS ( ,MAN1 ESPECIALLY 7) REF]5CE TO ?IS SECTION7 *APT]S #g TO #i1 ON 0,PO/-,HI/ORIC ,MAN10 0,WORLD ,CULTURE10 & 0,HUMAN ,PROSPECTS40 

,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,9 ! ,NAME ( ,SANITY4 

,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,! ,CULTURE ( ,CITIES4 7,I HAD NOT1 UN=TUNATELY1 READ ?IS BOOK BE=E SETT+ \T47 

,GUNN> ,MYRDAL1 ,RI* ,L&S & ,POOR4 

,! ,NATION MAGAZ9E4 ,A ,LIB]AL WEEKLY :I*1 DESPITE ITS TIDE1 MAKES CONSI/5T PLEAS = 9T]NATIONAL COOP]ATION & UND]/&+ 9 ITS $ITORIALS1 & OCCASIONALLY C>RIES EXCELL5T ANALYZES ( WORLD EV5TS 

,NEW ,LEFT ,REVIEW MAGAZ9E4 ,A ,BRITI% J\RNAL :I* VOICES ! PRES5T Y\NG G5]ATION'S DESIRE TO /AY ALIVE & CREATE A W'ORLD :]E P>TICIPATION1 CREATIVITY & ORIG9ALITY >E POSSIBLE TO EV]Y MAN4 

,FRI$RI* ,NIETZS*E1 ,?US ,SPOKE ,Z>A?U/RA4 ,! WORK FROM :I* TW5TIE? C5TURY RACISM1 B>B>ISM1 NIHILISM HAVE TAK5 MANY ( !IR SLOGANS1 YET AT ! SAME TIME A W'ORK 9 :I* A C\RAGE\S IT IRRESPONSIBLE ?9K] TRIES TO TRANSC5D NIHILISM & B>B>ISM4 

,PHILIP ,NOEL-,BAK]1 ,! ,>MS ,RACE3 ,A ,PROGRAM = ,WORLD ,DIS>MAM5T4 

,F4,S4,C4 ,NOR?ROP1 ,! ,MEET+ ( ,EA/ & ,WE/4 ,AN ,9QUIRY ,CONC]N+ ,WORLD ,UND]/&+4 

,H>VEY ,O',CONNOR1 ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL4 ,A FASC9AT+ & HI<LY DOCUM]IT$ ANALYSIS ( ! WORK+S ( ! GIGANTIC OIL CORPORATIONS1 FROM !IR WELLS >\ND ! WORLD TO !IR 0CLEAN RE/ ROOMS0 9 ! LOCAL GAS /ATIONS4 

,GEORGE ,ORWELL1 #a#i#h#d4 ,A VISION ( ! WORLD AFT] A FEW MORE DECADES (! REGIM5TATION1 C5TRALIZATION1 & MILIT>Y METAPHYSIC (! PRES5T DAY4 

,L9US ,PAUL+1 ,NO ,MORE ,W>4 ,A *ILL+1 & IT IS HOP$ SOB]+1 DESCRIPTION ( ! EFFECTS ( NUCLE> FALL\T & ! DE/RUCTIVE POT5TIALITIES ( NUCLE> WEAPONS4 

,LUIGI ,PIR&ELLO1 ,SIX ,*>ACT]S 9 ,SE>* ( AN ,AU?OR1 ,RI<T ,Y\ ,>E ,IF ,Y\ ,?9K ,Y\ ,>E4 ,MORAL RELATIVISM H]E MAKES ITS DEBUT ON ! /AGE1 & CONTRIBUTES TO ! MAK+ ( SOME ( NIHILI/ ,EUROPE'S BE/ DRAMA4 

,JOHN ,H]MAN ,R&ALL1 ,JR41 ,! ,MAK+ (! ,MODEM ,M9D3 ,A ,SURVEY ( ! ,9TELLECTUAL ,BACKGR\ND ( ! ,PRES5T ,AGE4 ,ESPECIALLY ,BOOK ,I,V1 ON 0,?\<T & ,ASPIRATION 9 ! ,LA/ ,HUNDR$ ,YE>S40 

,DAVID ,RIESMAN1 ,NA?AN ,GLAS]1 ,REUEL ,D5NEY1 ,! ,LONELY ,CR[D4 ,! DIFF]5T =MS ( RESIGNATION TO ! ,:ITE ,COLL> WORLD4 

,B]TR& ,RUSSELL1 ,CO8NMON ,S5SE & ,NUCLE> ,W>F>E4 

,GEORGE ,H4 ,SAB9E1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,POLITICAL ,!ORY1 *APT] #c #e ON 0,FASCISM & ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM40 

,B4 ,SANSOM1 ,! ,WE/]N ,WORLD & ,JAPAN1 ESPECIALLY ! 9TRODUCTION 5TITL$ 0,EUROPE & ,ASIA40 

,JEAN-,PAUL ,S>TRE1 ,NAUSEA & ,NO ,EXIT4 

,FR$]ICK ,L4 ,S*UMAN1 ,! ,COMMONWEAL? ( ,MAN3 ,AN ,9QUIRY 9TO ,P[] ,POLITICS & ,WORLD ,GOV]NM5T4 

,ROD]ICK ,SEID5B]G1 ,PO/HI/ORIC ,MAN4 

,UPTON ,S9CLAIR1 ,! ,JUNGLE4 ,! CLASSIC ON ! ,CIVILIZ+ & ,HUMANIZ+ MISSION ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM4 

,PITIRIM ,SOROK91 ,! ,CRISIS ( ,\R ,AGE4 

,JOHN ,/E9BECK1 ,! ,GRAPES ( ,WRA?4 ,! GREATE/ TW5TIE? C5TURY ,AM]ICAN NOVEL4 

,I4,F4 ,/ONE'S ,WEEKLY4 ,NEWSLETT] ( V]Y HI< J\RNALI/IC & 9TELLECTUAL QUALITY1 COV]+ WORLD EV5TS & PRES5T+ 9=MATION ?AT DOES NOT F9D ITS WAY 9TO ! BIG-CIRCULATION ,AM]ICAN PRESS4 

,H4,F4 ,/ONE1 ,! ,TRUMAN ,]A4 ,COLLECTION ( ,/ONE'S WRIT+S DUR+ ! ,TRUMAN ADM9I/RATION1 9 :I* ! ORIG9S ( ! ,COLD ,W> >E SE5 ?R\< AN OBS]V] CONTEMPOR>Y ) ! EV5TS IT DESCRIBES4 

,H5RY ,DAVID ,?OREAU1 0,ON ! ,DUTY ( ,CIVIL ,DISOB$I5CE40 7#a#h#d#i7 ,ONE ( ! RELEVANT ANSW]S TO ! QUE/ION 0,:AT ,%\LD #a ,DO80 

,>NOLD ,J4 ,TOYNBEE1 ,A ,/UDY ( ,HI/ORY1 ESPECIALLY1 9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ,P>T #i1 ON ! 0,CONTACTS ,BETWE5 ,CIVILIZATIONS10 & ,P>T #a#b1 ON 0,! ,PROSPECTS ( ,WE/]N ,CIVILIZATION40 ,TOYNBEE BR+S HIS VIEWS ( ,WE/]N ,CIVILIZATION UP TO DATE 9 ,VOLUME #ab ( ! SAME WORK4 

,ALFR$ ,WEB]1 ,F>EWELL TO ,EUROPEAN ,HI/ORY4 ,A REEVALUATION ( ,EUROPEAN HI/ORY 9 ! LI<T ( ! ]UPTION ( ,NAZISM & ! ,NAZI W>4 ,WEB]'S GUID+ CONCEPTS >E ! LOSS ( :AT HE CALLS TRANSC5D5CE1 & ! GR[? ( NIHILISM4 

,SIMONE ,WEIL1 0,REFLECTIONS ON ,W>10 9 ,POLITICS1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#d#e2 APPE>$ ORIG9ALLY 9 ,NOVEMB] #aicc ISSUE ( ,LA ,CRITIQUE ,SOCIALE 7,P>IS74 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD OBS]V$ ?AT USURP]S GA9 NO?+ FROM EA* O!R4 ,WEIL OBS]VES ?AT >MIES GA9 NO?+ FROM EA* O!R4 ,9 BO? CASES1 ! VICTIMS >E ALWAYS ! SAME2 !Y >E ! MAJORTY ( ! PEOPLE4 

,RI*>D ,WRI<T1 ,A ,REPORT ON ! ,B&UNG ,CONF]5CE4 

,RI*>D ,WRI<T1 ,:ITE ,MAN1 ,LI/56 

O ,PUBLICATION ,HI/ORY 
,PUBLICATION ,HI/ORY 

,?IS $ITION ( ,! ,NEW ,FRE$OM3 ,CORPORATE ,CAPITALISM REPRODUCES ! 5TIRE TEXT ( ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN'S FIR/ BOOK1 SELF-PUBLI%$ 9 #aifa 9 AN $ITION ( #i#a4 ,! TEXT ( ?IS $ITION IS BAS$ ON COPY #g1 CURR5TLY 9 ! POSSESSION ( ! ,LIBR>Y ( ,CONGRESS4 ,A PUBLICATION NOTE CONTA9S ! FOLL[+ 9=MATION AB\T ! PRODUCTION3 

0,MIMEOGRAPH$ & PRO(READ BY ,LORRA9E & ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN AT #ac #c ,H5RY ,/REET1 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 FROM ,JULY TO ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#a4 ,WOODCUTS /AMP$1 & BOOKS /APL$ & B\ND BY ,JOHN ,RICKLEFS & ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN AT ,S#c ,WE/ #bd ,/REET1 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 ,FIR/ COPY COMPLET$ 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#f#a40 

,AT ! 5D ( ! BOOK1 !RE IS ?IS3 

0,! MAT]IALS ?AT W5T 9TO ! MAK+ ( ?IS BOOK 9CLUDE MIMEOGRAPH PAP]1 HEAVY PAP]1 FIB]-BO>D = ! COV]S1 & A SMALL H&-CRANK$ SILK-SCRE5 MIMEOGRAPH MA*9E4 ,EA* *APT] IS HELD TOGE!R BY L>GE /APLES1 & ! *APT]S >E HELD TO EA* O!R 7B\ND7 BY CLO? ADHESIVE TAPE4 ,! CUTS W]E H& PR9T$ FROM RELIEF WOOD BLOCKS4 ,! *OICE ( MAT]IALS WAS 9FLU5C$ BY ! EXTREMELY LIMIT$ F9ANCIAL MEANS ( AU?OR & >TI/1 BUT BO? HOPE !IR ATTEMPT TO MAKE A BOOK :OSE \TW>D %APE WAS CONSI/5T ) ITS CONT5T HAS BE5 SUCCESSFUL 5\< TO 5C\RAGE O!RS TO FOLL[ !IR EXAMPLE40 

,COPY #g HAS S9CE BE5 REB\ND 9 A R$ LIBR>Y B9D+ ) ,L,O,C 5DPAP]S4 ,MANY ( ! WOODCUTS BY ,JOHN ,RICKLEFS >E REPRODUC$ 9 ?IS $ITION1 :I* WAS PREP>$ 9 ,I?ACA1 ,9DIANA1 ,P,A & ,QUE5S1 & PR9T$ AT ,BOOKMOBILE 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS4 

O ,NOTES 

.<#a.> ,C]VANTES1 ,DON ,QUIXOTE DE LA ,MAN*A 7TRANSLATION BY ,J4 ,M4 ,COH57 

.<#b.> ,! ,TEVIPE/4 

.<#c.> ,K>L ,MANNHEIM1 ,IDEOLOGY & ,UTOPIA3 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,SOCIOLOGY ( ,KN[L$GE1 P4 #b#a#c4 

.<#d.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,R4,H4 ,TAWNEY1 ,RELIGION & ! ,RISE ( ,CAPITALISM1 P4 #g#d4 & P4 #i 

.<#e.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,GEORGE ,H4 ,SAB9E1 ,POLITICAL ,!ORY1 P4 #c#f#a4 

.<#f.> ,SEE ,SAB9E1 ,HI/ORY1 P #d#iF4 

.<#g.> ,?IS1 & ! FOLL[+ QUOTATIONS1 >E FROM ,?OMAS ,MORE1 ,UTOPIA ,FIR/ ,BOOK4 

.<#h.> ,?IS1 & ! FOLL[+1 QUOTATIONS >E FROM ,NICCOLO ,MA*IAVELLI1 ,! ,PR9CE 7TRANSLATION BY ,LUIGI ,RICCI1 REVIS$ BY ,E4,R4,P4 ,V9C5T74 

.<#i.> ,?IS1 & ! NEXT TWO QUOTATIONS1 FROM ,MORE1 ,UTOPIA4 

.<#a.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,SAB9E1 P4 #d#i#b4 

.<#a#a.> ,QUOT$ I N ,IBID41 P4 #d#i#a4 

.<#a#b.> ,BABEUF QUOT$ ?IS /ATEM5T ( ! ,FR5* PHILOSOPH] ,MABLY TO HIS EXECUTION]S2 QUOT$ 9 ,$MUND ,WILSON1 ,TO ,! ,F9L& ,/ATION2 ,A ,/UDY 9 ! ,WRIT+ & ,ACT+ ( ,HI/ORY1 P4#g#e4 

.<#a#c.> ,P>APHRAS$ 9 ,WILSON1 OP4 CIT41 P4 #g#e4 

.<#a#d.> ,P>APHRAS$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #g#d4 

.<#a#e.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,SAB9E1 ,HI/ORY1 P4 #d#i#d4 

.<#a#f.> ,M>K ,VAN ,DOR51 ,%AKESPE>E4 

.<#a#g.> ,TWELF? ,NI<T4 

.<#a#h.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,WILSON1 OP4 CIT41 P4 #g#b4 

.<#a#i.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #g#g4 

.<#b.> ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE4 

.<#b#a.> ,MORE1 ,UTOPIA4 

.<#b#b.> ,BABEUF2 QUOT$ 9 ,WILSON1 ,TO ,! ,F9L& ,/ATION1 P4 #g#e4 

.<#b#c.> ,JOHN ,TAYLOR ( ,C>OL9E ,C\NTY1 ,VIRG9IA1 ,AN ,9QUIRY 9TO ! ,PR9CIPLES & ,POLICY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7#a#i#e $ITION ( ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,HAV571 P4 #f#b1 ,H]EAFT] CIT$ AS 0',9QUIRY40 

.<#b#d.> ,*>LES ,A4 ,BE>D1 ,AN ,FXONOMIC ,9T]PRETATION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #aiac 7,I HAVE US$ ! $ITION PUBLI%$ BY ,! ,MACMILLAN ,COMPANY 9 #a#i#e#d71 H]EAFT] CIT$ AS 0,CON/ITUTION & ,ECONOMIC ,ORIG9S ( ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #aiae 7#a HAVE US$ ! $ITION PUBLI%$ BY ,! ,MACMILLAN ,COMPANY 9 #a#i#e#b71 H]EAFT] CIT$ AS ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY40 

.<#b#e.> ,JAMES ,MADISON2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,CON/ITUTION1 P4 #a#e4 

.<#b#f.> ,JOHN ,ADAMS2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P #c#c4 

.<#b#g.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #c#b4 

.<#b#h.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID4 

.<#b#i.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #cf & P4 #c#d4 

.<#c.> ,JOHN ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #b#h#d4 

.<#c#a.> ,IBID41 P4 #e#d4 

.<#c#b.> ,ADAMS2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #c#d4 

.<#c#c.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #f#e4 

.<#c#d.> ,MORE1 ,UTOPIA4 

.<#c#e.> ,MADISON2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,CON/ITUTION1 P4 #a#e4 

.<#c#f.> ,JOHN ,ADAMS2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #c#b#a4 

.<#c#g.> ,ADAMS2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #c#d-#c#e4 

.<#c#h.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #b#d#c4 

.<#c#i.> ,IBID4 

.<#d.> ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #h#g4 

.<#d#a.> ,IBID41 P4 #h#i4 

.<#d#b.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #b#d#e4 

.<#d#c.> ,IBID41 P4 #f#b4 

.<#d#d.> ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #c4 

.<#d#e.> ,IBID41 P4 #a#e4 

.<#d#f.> ,IBID41 P4 #f#g-#f#h4 

.<#d#g.> ,SEE ,BE>D1 ,CON/ITUTION1 P4 #c#e4 

.<#d#h.> ,FROM ! ,9TRODUCTION TO ,! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7$IT$ ) NOTES & *>TS BY ,WILLIAM ,H4 ,B>NES71 ,B>NES & ,NOBLE1 ,9C41 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#e#a4 

.<#d#i.> ,*>LES ,BE>D1 ,CON/ITUTION1 P4 #c#b#d4 

.<#e.> ,IBID4 

.<#e#a.> ,IBID41 P4 #a#d#d4 

.<#e#b.> ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #a#i#i4 

.<#e#c.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,HE>D1 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #b#h#h4 

.<#e#d.> ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID4 

.<#e#e.> ,SEE ,BE>D'S ,ECONOMIC ,9T]PRETATION ( ! ,COTI/ITUTION = A DETAIL$ CATALOG ( ! 9T]E/S1 WEAL?1 & VIEWS ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,PHILADELPHIA ,CONV5TION4 

.<#e#f.> ,IBID41 P4 #c#b#d4 

.<#e#g.> ,! ,MASSA*USETTS ,GAZETTE ( ,OCTOB] #b#f1 #a#g#h#g2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #c#b4 

.<#e#h.> ,JOHN ,M>%ALL1 9 ,LIFE ( ,WA%+TON-1 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID4 D4 #bii 

.<#e#i.> ,BE>D1 ,IBID41 P4 #c#b#e4 

.<#f.> ,IBID41 P4 #c#g4 

.<#f#a.> ,BE>D1 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #a#b#b4 

.<#f#b.> ,JOHN ,TAYLOR2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,IBID41 P4 #b#b4 

.<#f#c.> ,TAYLOR2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #b4 

.<#f#d.> ,CONGRESSMAN ,JACKSON ( ,GEORGIA1 ,ANNALS ( ,CONGRESS ,VOL ,I,I- ,QUOT$ HV ,BE>D 9 ,IBID41 P4 #a#d#h-#i4 ',M Y 

.<#f#e.> ,JOHN ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #f#h4 

.<#f#f.> ,JEFF]SON TO ,WA%+TON1 ,SEPTEMB] #b1 #a#g#i#b2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #a#a4 

.<#f#g.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #a#a#a4 

.<#f#h.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #a#e#c4 

.<#f#i.> ,JACKSON ( ,GEORGIA2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #a#c#g4 

.<#g.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #b#a#a1 FOOTNOTE4 

.<#g#a.> ,JOHN ,D4 ,HICKS1 ,A ,%ORT ,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN ,DEMOCRACY1 ,! ,RIV]SIDE ,PRESS1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASS41 #a#i#d#f1 P4 #a#c#b-#c4 

.<#g#b.> ,JOHN ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #f#e-#f4 

.<#g#c.> ,BE>D1 ,JEFF]SONIATI ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #c#b#c4 

.<#g#d.> ,IBID41 P4 #d#a#e1 FOOTNOTE4 ,BE>D PO9TS \T1 H[EV]1 ?AT ,JEFF]SON'S PRON\NCEM5TS DID NOT ALWAYS HAVE ! VIRTUE ( CONSI/5CY1 AS ON ANO!R OCCASION ,JEFF]SON 5DORS$ ,JOHN ,ADAMS' ,DEF5SE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,CON/ITUTIONS4 

.<#g#e.> ,TAYLOR HAS ALSO BE5 CALL$ 0! MO/ FRUITFUL ( ,REPUBLICAN 9TELLECTS40 ,BO? TIDES >E M5TION$ BY ,ROY ,FRANKL9 ,NI*OLS 9 HIS ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS $ITION ( ,TAYLOR'S ,9QUIRY4 7,9CID5TALLY1 = ?OSE READ]S :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 CORRELAT+ ! PAGE REF]5CES ,I GIVE 9 ! ,9QUIRY ) ?OSE CIT$ BY ,BE>D1 IT WILL BE 9DISP5SABLE TO KN[ ?AT ,BE>D QUOT$ FROM ! ORIG9AL $ITION ( ,TAYLOR'S WORK1 :]EAS ,I CONT5T$ MYSELF ) A MORE REC5T $ITION1 PUBLI%$ BY ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,HAV51 9 #a#i#e4 ,! $ITION ,BE>D US$ HAS #fcf PAGES1 :]EAS ! ONE ,I US$ HAS ONLY #efb PAGES1 :I* 9CLUDE A #bi PAGE ,9TRODUCTION BY ,NI*OLS1 A PR(ESSOR ( ,HI/ORY AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,P5NSYLVANIA47 

.<#g#f.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 PP4 #f#h-#i4 

.<#g#g.> ,IBID41 PP4 #h#b-#c4 

.<#g#h.> ,IBID41 PP4 #e#i-#f4 

.<#g#i.> ,IBID41 P4 #g#c4 

.<#h.> ,IBID41 P4 #f#f4 

.<#h#a.> ,IBID4 

.<#h#b.> ,IBID41 P4 #f#g4 

.<#h#c.> ,IBID41 PP4 #f#g-#h4 

.<#h#d.> ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #b#c4 

.<#h#e.> ,IBID41 PP4 #b#i-#c4 

.<#h#f.> ,JEFF]SON TO ,DUPONT DE ,NEM\RS1 ,DECEMB] #a#h#a2 QUOT$ 9 ,BE>D1 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 PP4 #d#c#f-#g4 

.<#h#g.> ,TBOMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY1 PP4 #f#i-#g4 

.<#h#h.> ,IBID41 P4 #a4 

.<#h#i.> ,IBID41 P4 #dg 

.<#i.> ,TAYLOR1 P4 #b#g#h4 

.<#i#a.> ,CIT$ PREVI\SLY1 P4 #d2 ! NEXT F\R QUOTATIONS W]E ALSO PREVI\SLY ATE,A 

.<#i#b.> ,BE>D1 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #b#f#g4 

.<#i#c.> ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #d#f4 

.<#i#d.> ,HAMILTON2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID4 

.<#i#e.> ,HAMILTON2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 PP4 #d#f-#g4 

.<#i#f.> ,HAMILTON WAS MURD]$ BY ,BURR 9 #a#h#d1 9 A DUEL ?AT >OSE FROM A LAT] ISSUE4 ,EV5 LAT]1 ,BURR TRI$ TO MAKE C]TA9 WE/]N T]RITORIES 9DEP5D5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T4 ,! ATTEMPT FAIL$4 

.<#i#g.> ,JEFF]SON2 QUOT$ PREVI\SLY1 P1 #d4 

.<#i#h.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY2 QUOT$ PREVI\SLY1 PP4 #c#i-#d1 

.<#i#i.> ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #c4 

.<#a.> ,JOHN ,ADAMS2 QUOT$ BY ,BE>D 9 ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #c#b4 

.<#a#a.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #f#h4 

.<#a#b.> ,GEORGE ,SAB9E1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,POLITICAL ,!ORY1 P4 #d#i#a4 

.<#a#c.> ,W9/ANLEY2 QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #d#i#b4 

.<#a#d.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,IBID41 P4 #c#f#a4 

.<#a#e.> ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY1 PP4 #g#i-#h2 NEXT QUOTATION FROM P4 #f#h4 

.<#a#f.> ,JOHN ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #b#d#d4 

.<#a#g.> ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON ON ,DEMOCRACY1 P4 #d#g4 

.<#a#h.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 PP4 #b#f#h-#i4 

.<#a#i.> ,BABEUF2 P>APHRAS$ BY ,$MUND ,WILSON1 ,TO ! ,F9L& ,/ATION1 P4#g#d4 

.<#a#a.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #e#i4 

.<#a#a#a.> ,IBID41 P4 #b#e#e4 ' 

.<#a#a#b.> ,IBID41 P4 #f#g4 

.<#a#a#c.> ,LEWIS ,MUM=D1 ,! ,TRANS=MATION ( ,MAN4 

.<#a#a#d.> ,TAYLOR1 ,9QUIRY1 P4 #b#f#i4 

.<#a#a#e.> ,QUOT$ BY ,TAYLOR 9 ,IBID41 P4 #b#e#d4 

.<#a#a#f.> ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS1 ,! ,P[] ,ELITE1 P4 #i#e4 

.<#a#a#g.> ,!ODORE ,DREIS]1 ,! ,F9ANCI]4 

.<#a#a#h.> ,QUOT$ 9 ,MON?LY ,RRJIEW1 ,AUGU/ #a#i#e#i4 

.<#a#a#i.> ,J4 ,RAYMOND ,WAL%1 ',! ,/ORM ,SIGNALS >E ,FLV+F,MOMBH ,REVMO ,JUNE #a#i#e#c4 

.<#a#b.> ,WILLIAM ,APPLEMAN ,WILLIAMS1 ,?T ,TRTGTDY ( ,AMMON ,DIPLOMACY P4 #ac 

.<#a#b#a.> ,QUOT$ FROM ,A,JL ,B]LE1 ,JR41 ,TKT ,TW5TIE? ,C5ATRY ,CAPITALI/ ,RRVLM- 9 ,MON?LY FCTWNR1 ,JANU>Y #a#i#e#f4 

.<#a#b#b.> ,MILLS1 ,?T ,PO@5],ELITT1 P4 #b#g#e4 

.<#a#b#c.> ,QUOT$ BY ,HAN EY ,O',CONNOR 9 ,! ,EMPIRE TF,OI,L PP4 #b#b#i-#c4 

.<#a#b#d.> ,FROM ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,9DEP5D5CE4 

.<#a#b#e.> ,=EWORD TO ,O',CONNORS ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL 

.<#a#b#f.> ,9 ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL4 

.<#a#b#g.> ,IBID41 P4 #i#iF4 

.<#a#b#h.> ,IBID41 P4 #i#h4 

.<#a#b#i.> ,IBID41 PP4 #h#iF4 

.<#a#c.> ,MILLS1 ,! ,PAV] ,ELITE1 P4 #a#b#b4 

.<#a#c#a.> ,O',CONNOR1 ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL1 P4 #g#c4 

.<#a#c#b.> ,IBID41 P4 #b#b#g4 

.<#a#c#c.> ,IBID4 

.<#a#c#d.> ,MILLS1 ,! ,P[] ,ELITE1 P4 #a#d#i4 

.<#a#c#e.> ,O',CONNOR1 ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL1 P4 #c4 

.<#a#c#f.> ,IBID41 P4 #b#a4 

.<#a#c#g.> ,MILLS1 ,! ,P[] ,ELITE1 P4 #a#b#d-#e4 

.<#a#c#h.> ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS1 ,:ITE ,COLL>1 PP4 #c#c#f-#g4 

.<#a#c#i.> ,J4,K4 ,GALBRAI?1 ,AM]ICAN ,CAPITALISM-1 QUOT$ BY ,PAUL ,B>AN 9 ,! ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY ( ,GR[?4 

.<#a#d.> ,MILLS1 ,:ITE ,COLL>1 P4 #c#e4 

.<#a#d#a.> ,O',CONNOR1 ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL1 P4 #e#g4 

.<#a#d#b.> ,MILLS1 ,! ,P[] ,ELITE1 P4 ,ILL1 FOOTNOTE4 

.<#a#d#c.> ,SONG ( ! ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALS1 SUNG 9 ,FR5* CAFES 9 DAYS ( BETRAYAL2 QUOT$ BY ,$MUND ,WILSON 9 ,TO ,! ,F9L& ,/ATION1 P4#g#b4 

.<#a#d#d.> ,AT ! TIME ( WRIT+1 ,CUBA WAS ON ! WAY T[>D ! REALIZATION ( A PROGRAM ( AGR>IAN RE=M1 UNIV]SAL $UCATION1 CREATIVE P>TICIPATION--A PROGRAM :I* FAIL$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & :I* IS ANALYZ$ MORE FULLY 9 ?IS *APT]1 9 ! CONTEXT ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES EXP]I5CE4 ,?OSE READ]S :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 SEE+ 9T]PRETATIONS ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION :I* DIV]GE FROM ! ACC\NTS GIV5 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 0FREE PRESS0 >E URG$ TO /UDY ! FOLL[+ ANALYZES3  
,PAUL ,A4 ,B>AN1 0,REFLECTIONS ON ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION10 ,A ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS PAMPHLET4  
,LEO ,HUB]MAN & ,PAUL ,M4 ,SWEEZY1 ,CUBA3 ,ANATOMY ( A ,REVOLUTION4