,*APT] #d 
,IDEOLOGY & ,MANIPULATION 

#aifaaifa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#f#a1 ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T TOLD ! PEOPLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,AMBASSADOR ,ADLAI ,/EV5SON TOLD ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ?AT ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T HAD 0BETRAY$0 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION4 ,?IS IS BIZ>RE4 ,CUBA HAD C>RI$ \T A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,AM]ICAS4 

,CUBA HAD NOT ONLY PROCLAIM$1 BUT SUB/ANTIALLY REALIZ$1 A PROGRAM ALMO/ ID5TICAL TO ! ONE BETRAY$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! #a#g#iS BY ,HAMILTON & ! SECURITY-HOLD+ CAPITALI/S4.<#a#d#d.> ,ONE MU/ ASSUME ?AT ,AMBASSADOR ,/EV5SON1 :O IS WIDELY KN[N AS AN 9TELLECTUAL1 IS FAMILI> ) HI/ORY--OR AT LEA/ ) ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY'4 ,YET 9 HIS \TBUR/ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 HE NOT ONLY DISPLAY$ IGNORANCE ( ! RULES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 :I* DO NOT ALL[ ! TYPE ( M$DL+ 9 ! 9T]NAL AFFAIRS ( ANO!R /ATE ?AT ,MR4 ,/EV5SON 9DULG$ 92 HE ALSO DISPLAY$ 9CR$IBLE IGNORANCE 7= AN 09TELLECTUAL07 ( HIS [N C\N- ,I TRY'S #a#g-YE> OLD BETRAYAL ( ITS [N .<REVOLUTION4 ,BE=E HIS ,AMBASSADORIAL ,I MISSION1 ,MR4 ,/EV5SON HAD E>N$ ,I GREAT FAME & POPUL>ITY AMONG ,AM]ICAN LIB]ALS = PR(ESS+ TO HOLD & *]I% ! EQUALIT>IAN DEMOCRATIC IDEALS BETRAY$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! #a#g#iS4 ,& YET HE CALL$ ' 0BETRAYAL0 ! SUCCESS ( ?OSE V]Y IDEALS2 HE T]M$ 0BETRAYAL0 ! ,CUBAN VICTORY OV] ! V]Y SY/EM ?AT HAD BETRAY$ ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,/EV5SON TOLD ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ?AT 0!RE WAS GREAT SYMPA?Y 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ! PROCLAIM$ GOALS ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION :5 IT TOOK PLACE40.<#a#d#e.> ,?IS IS A P>ADOXICAL CLAIM4 ,! LA/ TIME !RE WAS (FICIAL SYMPA?Y 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ! REALIZATION ( DEMOCRATIC GOALS WAS 9 #a#g#g#f--& ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION HAD NOT !N TAK5 PLACE4 ,YET ,MR4 ,/EV5SON'S /ATEM5T IS NOT AN \TRI<T LIE4 ,MR4 ,/EV5SON IS AN HONORABLE MAN4 ,HIS /ATEM5T DOES NOT SAY !RE WAS SYMPA?Y 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES = ! REALIZATION ( ! GOALS ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION2 IT SAYS !RE WAS SYMPA?Y = ! 0PROCLAIM$ GOALS40 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 ,MR4 ,/EV5SON'S /ATEM5T WAS UN*ALL5GABLY TRUE & IS 9 ! BE/ TRADITION ( ,AM]ICAN RHETORIC1 :I* CONSI/S ( ! PROCLAMATION ( DEMOCRATIC IDEALS ALONGSIDE ! REALIZATION1 CONSOLIDATION1 & UNDI/URB$ GR[? ( CAPITALI/ PROP]TY1 PRIVILEGE1 & P[]4 ,DEMOCRACY IS ! IDEOLOGICAL COV] B5EA? :I* ! >I/OCRACY ( ! 0RI* & WELL BORN0 EXT5DS ITS DOM9ION4 ,& ?IS IS :AT ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION BETRAY$4 ,CUBA DID NOT M]ELY PROCLAIM A DEMOCRATIC IDEAL1 AS HAD BE5 DONE OV] & OV] AGA9 EV]Y:]E 9 ! ,AM]ICAS2 ,CUBA ALSO PROCE$$ TO C>RY \T ! DEMOCRATIC GOALS1 & BY TAK+ ?IS UNPREC$5T$ /EP ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION DEALT AN IRREP>ABLE BL[ TO ! 09T]-,AM]ICAN SY/EM0 & ! CAPITALI/ FACADE4 

,! ,CUBAN PEOPLE UND]/OOD1 FROM PA9FUL EXP]I5CE1 ?AT 0:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JU/LY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40.<#a#d#f.> ,BUT ?IS UND]/&+ WAS NOT 5\< TO C>RY ?R\< A REVOLUTION2 ) UND]/&+ ALONE1 !Y W\LD HAVE CONF9$ !IR POLITICAL ACTIVITY TO ! WRIT+ ( ,UTOPIAS4 ,!Y ALSO NE$$ ,T HOMAS ,MI9Z]'S 0C\RAGE & /R5G? TO REALIZE ! IMPOSSIBLE10 BECAUSE ! OB/ACLES >RAY$ AGA9/ !IR SUCCESS W]E EXTRAORD9>Y4 ,! H&FUL ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CORPORATIONS ) VE/$ 9T]E/S 9 ,CUBAN L&1 RES\RCES1 & M5 HAD GREAT] WEAL? & P[] ?AN ALL ,CUBA4 ,ANY ONE ( ! CORPORATIONS C\LD HAVE B\<T A PUPPET LEAD]1 SUPPLI$ AN >MY1 & 9VAD$ ,CUBA--& A COMB9ATION ( CORPORATIONS DID 9 FACT 9VADE ,CUBA UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY4 ,YET ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE SUCCESSFULLY REPELL$ ! 9VAD]S :O TRI$ TO ACCOMPLI% BY VIOL5CE :AT HAD BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ BY FRAUD AFT] ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION4 ,& ,CUBA W5T ON EXPROPRIAT+ ! CORPORATE L&LORDS 9 SPITE ( T]RIFIC PRESSURE & VIOL5T OPPOSITION F> GREAT] & BLOODI] ?AN ?AT :I* HAD PROVOK$ AN E>LI] ,FR5* REVOLUTION'S FRANTIC SELF-DEF5SE BY MEANS ( A ,REIGN ( ,T]ROR4 ,CUBANS CONT9U$ TO GIVE REALITY TO ! 0PROCLAIM$ GOALS0 ( DEMOCRACY & CONT9U$ TO BETRAY ! BRUTALLY UNDEMOCRATIC PRACTICE ( !IR COMPLAC5T ACCUS]S4 

,?US ,CUBA'S BETRAYAL WAS V]Y S]I\S4 ,CUBA HAD BETRAY$ EV]Y MAJOR PROP ( ! CAPITALI/ $IFICE4 ,AFT] ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALISM HAD SUCCE$$ 9 CONSOLIDAT+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 $UCATION1 COMMUNICATION1 & VIOL5CE1 IT HAD CLAIM$ TO POSSESS A MONOPOLY ( ! DEMOCRATIC IDEALS AS WELL4 ,CUBA'S BETRAYAL CONSI/$1 NOT ONLY ( DISRUPT+ ! MONOPOLY ( ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALI/S OV] ,CUBAN L&1 FOOD1 & HUMAN LIFE1 BUT ALSO ( DISRUPT+ ! MONOPOLY ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALI/S CLAIM$ OV] ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL4 ,BY DEPRIV+ ! CORPORATE RI* ( !IR PR(ITS1 !IR IDEOLOGY1 AS WELL AS !IR ABILITY TO REGA9 !IR LO/ PROP]TY & PRIVILEGE BY MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 & BY EXPOS+ 9 UNMI/AKABLE T]MS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! DEMOCRATIC PROCLAMATIONS & ! B>B>\S PRACTICE ( ! ,NOR!RN ,GOLIA?1 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION DEALT :AT IS PROBABLY ! MO/ PA9FUL BL[ FELT BY ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM S9CE ITS ,HAMILTONIAN E/ABLI%M5T4 ,! COMPLAC5CY & SMUGNESS ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM MOM5T>ILY WORE ?91 & ! WILD BEA/1 FEEL+ CAG$ = ! FIR/ TIME1 RAG$ ) A BRUTAL DET]M9ATION TO DE/ROY EV]Y LIV+ CREATURE ON E>? BE=E DEP>T+4 

 "9"9"9 

,P]HAPS ! MO/ +5I\S A*IEVEM5T ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S WAS ! MANN] 9 :I* !Y LAID CLAIM OV] ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL !Y HAD BETRAY$4 ,! 9DIGNANT ACCUSATIONS ( DEMOCRATS AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ BETRAYAL ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE HAD NOT YET DI$ D[N BE=E ! CAPITALI/S TOOK UP ! CLAIM ?AT !Y W]E !MSELVES 0! PEOPLE40 ,YET1 BE=E DIE C\P D'ETAT ( #a#g#h#g1 ! DIVISION BETWE5 DEMOCRATS & ANTI-DEMOCRATS HAD BE5 QUITE CLE>4 ,! >I/OCRATIC ,HAMILTON DID NOT ?9K HIMSELF A DEMOCRAT1 NOR DID HE CLAIM TO BE ONE4 ,HAMILTON MADE NO ATTEMPT TO HIDE HIS SYMPA?Y = ! RI* & WELL BORN OR HIS CONTEMPT = 0! MASS ( ! PEOPLE40 ,NOR DID ,HAMILTON CONSID] IT NECESS>Y TO CONCEAL FROM PUBLIC SCRUT9Y HIS VIEW ?AT 0,NO?+ BUT A P]MAN5T BODY CAN *ECK ! IMPRUD5CE ( DEMOCRACY40 ,& ,JEFF]SON1 ?\< HE WAS1 AS ,HAMILTON SAID1 0AS LIKELY AS ANY MAN ,I KN[ TO TEMPORIZE 444 & ! PROBABLE RESULT ( SU* A TEMP] IS ! PRES]VATION ( SY/EMS10.<#a#d#g.> NEV]!LESS DID NOT SURR5D] HIS DEMOCRATIC !ORY TO ! SY/EM ) :I* HE 0TEMPORIZ$0 9 PRACTICE4 ,EV5 AS LATE AS #a#h#b#c1 AFT] ,UNIT$ ,/ATES CAPITALI/S HAD 5JOY$ ?IRTY LUCRATIVE YE>S AS ! ,NEW ,WORLD'S RUL+ CLASS1 ,JEFF]SON /ILL HELD ?AT CAPITALI/S CON/ITUT$ AN >I/OCRACY ( PRIVILEGE1 ?AT ! NEW >I/OCRACY1 AS ! OLD1 W\LD GOV]N BY MEANS ( =CE1 FRAUD1 & ! MA9T5ANCE ( IGNORANCE1 & ?AT >I/OCRACY WAS NOT SYNONYM\S ) DEMOCRACY3 0444AT ! =MATION ( \R GOV]NM5T1 MANY HAD =M$ !IR POLITICAL OP9IONS ON ,EUROPEAN WRIT+S & PRACTICES1 BELIEV+ ! EXP]I5CE ( OLD C\NTRIES1 & ESPECIALLY ( ,5GL&1 ABUSIVE AS IT WAS1 TO BE A SAF] GUIDE ?AN M]E !ORY4 ,! DOCTR9ES ( ,EUROPE W]E1 ?AT M5 9 NUM]\S ASSOCIATIONS CANNOT BE RE/RA9$ )9 ! LIMITS ( ORD] & JU/ICE1 BUT BY =CES PHYSICAL & MORAL1 WIELD$ OV] !M BY AU?ORITIES 9DEP5D5T ( !IR WILL4 ,H5CE !IR ORGANIZATION ( K+S1 H]$IT>Y NOBLES1 & PRIE/S4 ,/ILL FUR!R TO CON/RA9 ! BRUTE =CE ( ! PEOPLE1 !Y DEEM IT NECESS>Y TO KEEP !M D[N BY H]D LABOR1 POV]TY & IGNORANCE1 & TO TAKE FROM !M1 AS FROM BEES1 SO MU* ( !IR E>N+S1 AS ?AT UNREMITT+ LABOR %ALL BE NECESS>Y TO OBTA9 A SUFFICI5T SURPLUS B>ELY TO SU/A9 A SCANTY & MIS]ABLE LIFE4 ,& !SE E>N+S !Y APPLY TO MA9TA9 !IR PRIVILEG$ ORD]S 9 SPL5DOR & IDL5ESS1 TO FASC9ATE ! EYES ( ! PEOPLE1 & EXCITE 9 !M AN HUMBLE ADORATION & SUBMISSION1 AS TO AN ORD] ( SUP]IOR BE+S40.<#a#d#h.> ,JEFF]SON'S [N P>TY1 ON ! O!R H&1 0BELIEV$ ?AT M51 5JOY+ 9 EASE & SECURITY ! FULL FRUITS ( !IR [N 9DU/RY1 5LI/$ BY ALL !IR 9T]E/S ON ! SIDE ( LAW & ORD]1 HABITUAT$ TO ?9K = !MSELVES1 & TO FOLL[ !IR REASON AS !IR GUIDE1 W\LD BE MORE EASILY & SAFELY GOV]N$ ?AN ) M9DS N\RI%$ 9 ]ROR1 & VITIAT$ & DEBAS$1 AS 9 ,EUROPE1 BY IGNORANCE1 9DIG5CE & OPPRESSION4 ,! *]I%M5T ( ! PEOPLE !N WAS \R PR9CIPLE1 ! FE> & DI/RU/ ( !M1 ?AT ( ! O!R P>TY40.<#a#d#i.> 

,NOR WAS !RE GREAT MISUND]/&+1 9 PO/-REVOLUTION>Y ,AM]ICA1 EI!R AB\T ! DEMOCRATIC NATURE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION OR AB\T ITS POPUL> APPROVAL4 ,AN OPPON5T ( ! ,CON/ITUTION'S RATIFICATION WROTE 9 #a<h A SATIRICAL ANALYSIS ( ! TYPE ( REGIME ,AM]ICA C\LD EXPECT IF ! DOCUM5T WAS RATIFI$3 0,! LEGISLATURE HAVE NO RI<T TO 9T]F]E ) PRIVATE CONTRACTS1 & DEBTORS MI<T SAFELY TRU/ TO ! HUMANITY & CLEM5CY ( !IR CR$ITORS :O WILL NOT KEEP !M 9 JAIL ALL !IR LIVES1 UNLESS !Y DES]VE IT 444 ,M5 ( GREAT PROP]TY >E DEEPLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! WELF>E ( ! /ATE2 & !Y >E ! MO/ COMPET5T JUDGES ( ! =M ( GOV]NM5T1 BE/ CALCULAT$ TO PRES]VE !IR PROP]TY1 & SU* LIB]TIES AS IT IS PROP] = ! COMMON & 9F]IOR CLASS ( PEOPLE TO 5JOY4 ,M5 ( WEAL? POSSESS NATURAL & ACQUIR$ UND]/&+1 AS !Y MANIFE/ BY AMASS+ RI*ES1 OR BY KEEP+ & 9CREAS+ ?OSE !Y D]IVE FROM !IR ANCE/ORS1 & !Y >E BE/ ACQUA9T$ ) ! WANTS1 ! WI%ES1 & DESIRES ( ! PEOPLE1 & !Y >E ALWAYS READY TO RELIEVE !M 9 !IR PRIVATE & PUBLIC /ATIONS40.<#a#e.> ,SU* A POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y H]O AS ,PATRICK ,H5RY D5\NC$ ! ,CON/ITUTION4 0,I BELIEVE IT TO BE A FACT ?AT ! GREAT BODY ( YEOMANRY >E 9 DECID$ OPPOSITION TO IT4444 ,Y\ HAVE NOT SOLID REALITY --! HE>TS & H&S ( ! M5 :O >E TO BE GOV]N$20.<#a#e#a.> & HE DEVOT$ GREAT 5]GY TO OPPOSE ! ,CON/ITUTION'S RATIFICATION 9 ,VIRG9IA4 ,H5RY LAT] ACQUIR$ AN E/ATE1 BECAME CONS]VATIVE1 & SMUGLY %>$ ! PRIVILEGES HE HAD E>LI] D5\NC$4 7,IRONICALLY1 ,PATRICK ,H5RY HAS LATELY BECOME ! H]O ( ,AM]ICAN REACTION>Y GR\PS :O EMPLOY ,H5RY'S REVOLUTION>Y D5UNCIATIONS ( PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION TO JU/IFY PRIVILEGE & OPPRESSION4 ,BUT P]HAPS ! LATT]-DAY ADMIR]S ( ,PATRICK ,H5RY >E UNFAMILI> ) !IR H]O'S REVOLUTION>Y Y\? & ADMIRE RA!R HIS CONS]VATIVE RETIREM5T4 ,IT IS PUZZL+ ?AT ! 0PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES0 %\LD WOR%IP ! CONS]VATIVE E/ATE [N]1 H[EV]1 S9CE AS A SMUG RI* MAN1 ,H5RY MADE NO FI]Y PRON\NCEM5TS47 

,MANY W]E WELL AW>E ?AT ! ,CON/ITUTION1 & ! GOV]NM5T F\ND$ ON IT1 WAS NOT A 0GOV]NM5T ( ALL40 ,MANY KNEW IT WAS UNTRUE ?AT 0ITS P[]S >E DELEGAT$ BY ALL2 IT REPRES5TS ALL1 & ACTS = ALL40.<#a#e#b.> ,EV5 ! GREAT ,JOHN ,M>%ALL1 ! FIR/ ,*IEF ,JU/ICE ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT1 ! FIR/ REAL 0EXP]T0 ON ! ,CON/ITUTION1 AS WELL AS AN >D5T SUPPORT] ( ! DOCUM5T & ITS PURPOSE1 WAS WELL AW>E ?AT ! ,CON/ITUTION HAD NOT BE5 UNIV]SALLY APPLAUD$1 SUPPORT$1 OR ADOPT$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE4 ,HE WROTE 9 HIS ,LIFE ( ,WA%+TON 0?AT EV5 AFT] ! SUBJECT HAD BE5 DISCUSS$ = A CONSID]ABLE TIME1 ! FATE ( ! CON/ITUTION C\LD SC>CELY BE CONJECTUR$2 & SO SMALL 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 WAS ! MAJORITY 9 ITS FAVOR1 AS TO AF=D /RONG GR\ND = ! OP9ION ?AT1 HAD ! 9FLU5CE ( *>ACT] BE5 REMOV$1 ! 9TR9SIC M]ITS ( ! 9/RUM5T W\LD NOT HAVE SECUR$ ITS ADOPTION4444 A DREAD ( DISMEMB]M5T1 NOT AN APPROBATION ( ! P>TICUL> SY/EM UND] CONSID]ATION1 HAD 9DUC$ AN ACQUIESC5CE 9 IT40.<#a#e#c.> ,NOR WAS ,M>%ALL CONFUS$ AB\T ! 9T]E/S ?AT W]E S]V$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTION1 OR AB\T ! 9T]E/S ?AT W]E SUPPRESS$4 ,BE+ ONE ( ?OSE :O1 9 ,JEFF]SON'S DESCRIPTION1 0DEEM IT NECESS>Y TO KEEP .<! PEOPLE.> D[N BY H>D LABOR1 POV]TY & IGNORANCE10 ,JU/ICE ,M>%ALL WROTE ) UNCONCEAL$ ADMIRATION AB\T ! CR$ITORS :O ACQUIR$ IMM5SE =TUNES1 NOT BY 9DU/RY1 BUT BY LEGISLATION4 ,M>%ALL WROTE ?AT !Y 0/RUGGL$ ) UNABAT$ ZEAL = ! EXACT OBS]VANCE ( PUBLIC & PRIVATE 5GAGEM5TS4444 ,!Y W]E CONSEQU5TLY ! UNI=M FRI5DS ( A REGUL> ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE1 & ( A VIGOR\S C\RSE ( TAXATION :I* W\LD 5ABLE ! /ATE TO COMPLY ) ITS 5GAGEM5TS4 ,BY A NATURAL ASSOCIATION ( IDEAS1 !Y W]E ALSO1 ) V]Y FEW EXCEPTIONS1 9 FAVOR ( 5L>G+ ! P[]S ( ! F$]AL GOV]NM5T40.<#a#e#d.> 

,?US1 UP TO ! TIME ( ! RATIFICATION !RE WAS NO IDEOLOGICAL CONFUSION AB\T ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 NATURE ( CAPITALISM NOR AB\T ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 9T5TIONS ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,! DOCUM5T WAS RECOGNIZ$ AS A BLATANT PIECE ( CLASS LEGISLATION4 ,NOR WAS !RE CONFUSION AB\T ! 0DEMOCRATIC ELECTION0 BY :I* ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS RATIFI$4 ,! PEOPLE :O W]E TO BE AFFECT$ BY ! DOCUM5T RECEIV$ NO $UCATION ON ! ISSUES 9VOLV$2 ! VOT]S W]E NOT 9=M$ ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! DRAFT]S W]E SECURITY-HOLD]S & CAPITALI/S2 & ! GR\P ?AT WAS TO BE AFFECT$ MO/ ADV]SELY BY ! DOCUM5T3 ! DEBTORS1 POOR F>M]S1 & LABOR]S--! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION-- DID NOT VOTE4 ,BE>D SUMM>IZ$ ! PROCESS BY :I* ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS RATIFI$3 0444! DISFRAN*ISEM5T ( ! MASSES ?R\< PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS & IGNORANCE & APA?Y CONTRIBUT$ L>GELY TO ! FACILITY ) :I* ! P]SONALTY_<#c_>-9T]E/ REPRES5TATIVES C>RI$ ! DAY4 ,! LATT] W]E AL]T EV]Y:]E1 = !Y KNEW1 NOT AS A MATT] ( !ORY1 BUT AS A PRACTICAL MATT] ( DOLL>S & C5TS1 ! VALUE ( ! NEW ,CON/ITUTION4 ,!Y W]E WELL 9=M$4 ,!Y W]E CONSCI\S ( ! ID5TITY ( !IR 9T]E/S4 ,!Y W]E WELL ORGANIZ$4 ,!Y KNEW = WEEKS 9 ADVANCE1 EV5 BE=E ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS S5T TO ! /ATES = RATIFICATION1 :AT ! REAL NATURE ( ! CONTE/ WAS4 ,!Y RESID$ = ! MO/ P>T 9 ! T[NS1 OR ! MORE ?ICKLY POPULAT$ >EAS1 & !Y C\LD M>%ALL !IR =CES QUICKLY & EFFECTIVELY4 ,!Y HAD ALSO ! ADVANTAGE ( APPEAL+ TO ALL DISCONT5T$ P]SONS :O EXI/ 9 L>GE NUMB]S 9 EV]Y SOCIETY & >E EV] ANXI\S = BETT]M5T ?R\< SOME *ANGE 9 POLITICAL MA*9]Y4444 

0,! OPPOSITION ON ! O!R H& SUFF]$ FROM ! DIFFICULTIES CONNECT$ ) GETT+ A BACKWOODS VOTE \T TO ! T[N & C\NTY ELECTIONS4 ,?IS 9VOLV$ SOMETIMES LONG J\RNEYS 9 BAD WEA!R1 = IT WILL BE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! ELECTIONS W]E HELD 9 ! LATE FALL & W9T]4 ,!RE W]E NO SU* IMM$IATE P]SONAL GA9S TO BE MADE ?R\< ! DEFEAT ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 AS W]E TO BE MADE BY ! SECURITY HOLD]S ON ! O!R SIDE4 ,IT WAS TRUE ! DEBTORS KNEW ?AT !Y W\LD PROBABLY HAVE TO SETTLE !IR ACC\NTS 9 FULL & ! SMALL F>M]S W]E AW>E ?AT TAXES W\LD HAVE TO BE PAID TO DIS*>GE ! NATIONAL DEBT IF ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ADOPT$2 & ! DEBTORS EV]Y:]E WAG$ W> AGA9/ ! ,CON/ITUTION--( ?IS !RE IS PL5TY ( EVID5CE4 ,BUT !Y HAD NO MONEY TO C>RY ON !IR CAMPAIGN2 !Y W]E POOR & UN9FLU5TIAL--! /RONGE/ BATALLIONS W]E NOT ON !IR SIDE4 ,! WOND] IS ?AT !Y CAME SO NE> DEFEAT+ ! ,CON/ITUTION AT ! POLLS40.<#a#e#e.> 

,DUR+ ! CONFLICT OV] RATIFICATION1 A MOM5T\S EV5T TOOK PLACE4 ,MANY ( ! DEMOCRATS :O HAD 9ITIALLY OPPOS$ RATIFICATION SWIT*$ SIDES :5 ! CAPITALI/S PROMIS$ ?AT1 AFT] ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS ADOPT$1 A BILL ( RI<TS W\LD IMM$IATELY BE APP5D$ TO IT4 ,P]HAPS ! GREATE/ TRAG$Y ( ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION WAS ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 SO REC5TLY EM]G$ FROM A SUCCESSFUL ANTI-COLONIAL REVOLUTION ) NO HI/ORICAL PREC$5TS1 DID NOT =ESEE ?AT !IR VICTORY W\LD BE FOLL[$ BY A C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,FANN]S LEFT ! REVOLUTION>Y >MY & RETURN$ TO !IR L&S1 CONFID5T ?AT ! ABHORR5T ,BRITI% SY/EM W\LD SURELY NOT BE RE/OR$ BY ,AM]ICANS :O HAD F\<T AGA9/ IT4 ,!Y RETURN$ TO !IR F>MS CONT5T ) ! HOPE ?AT !IR LOT W\LD IMPROVE N[ ?AT !IR LABOR NO LONG] SUPPORT$ WEAL?Y L&[N]S 9 ,5GL&4 ,:5 ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL CONFLICT RAG$ 9 ! T[NS1 ! F>M]S RECEIV$ LITTLE ACCURATE 9=MATION ( IT1 !Y HE>D A FEW REPORTS ?AT S\ND$ PREPO/]\S1 & !Y DID NOT ATTA* TOO MU* IMPORTANCE TO ! ISSUE4 ,AS TIME PASS$1 !IR LOT DID NOT IMPROVE--BUT TIME ALSO DULL$ !IR EXPECTATIONS4 ,MANY YE>S LAT] !Y1 OR !IR *ILDR51 W]E CONFRONT$ BY CAPITALI/S TO :OM !Y HAD MORTGAG$ !IR L&4 ,!Y W]E GIV5 ! *OICE ( BECOM+ ! CAPITALI/S' T5ANTS OR ( GO+ TO ! GR[+ CITIES & BECOM+ WAGE LABOR]S4 ,BUT BY !N ! REVOLUTION WAS ONLY VAGUELY REMEMB]$3 IT HAD BECOME A P>T ( ,HI/ORY4 

,! LIB]ALS1 ! 9TELLECTUALS1 ?OSE DEMOCRATS :O /AY$ 9 ! T[NS1 HAD1 UNLIKE ! CAPITALI/S1 NO PROGRAM1 NO ORGANIZATION1 & NO PLAN ( ACTION4 ,! REVOLUTION HAD SUCCE$$4 ,A GREAT DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T WAS TO TAKE PLACE ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T1 AN EXP]IM5T :I* W\LD %[ TO ALL MANK9D 0?AT ALL M5 >E CREAT$ EQUAL0 & >E 5D[$ ) 0UNALI5ABLE RI<TS0 TO 0LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40 ,!SE GOALS W]E 9SPIR+2 !Y CRY/ALLIZ$ ) GREAT BREVITY & CONCIS5ESS ! F9E/ IDEALS ( ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN 05LI<T5M5T10 BUT !Y W]E V]Y VAGUE AB\T ! C\RSE ( ACTION TO BE FOLL[$ = !IR ATTA9M5T4 ,&1 AS ,JEFF]SON SAID1 0WE %ALL NOT LIVE TO SEE ! RESULT40 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 :5 >D5T CAPITALI/S1 :OSE VISION ( ! GREAT DEBT !Y'D PAY !MSELVES ANIMAT$ !IR TONGUES1 TOLD ! LIB]ALS AB\T ! M>VEL\S DOCUM5T ?AT W\LD GIVE A NEW BIR? TO ,AM]ICA1 ! LIB]ALS LI/5$1 & !Y TEMPORIZ$4 ,!Y W]E !ORETICALLY OPPOS$ TO ! DOCUM5T1 = !Y C\LD NOT BUT NOTICE ?AT ! 09VIOLABILITY ( PROP]TY0 HAD BE5 WRITT5 9TO IT TOO MANY TIMES & 9 TOO MANY =MS1 & ?AT SU* A PR9CIPLE C\LD ONLY LEAD TO ! VIOLABILITY ( HUMAN LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & HAPP9ESS4 ,BUT LIB]ALS1 9 :OM ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>IES HAD UN=TUNATELY PLAC$ !IR TRU/1 >E M5 :O 9 !ORY BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( A BETT] SOCIETY1 BUT 9 PRACTICE ACCEPT ! 9/ITUTIONS ( A WORSE SOCIETY4 ,& AS ! CUNN+ ,HAMILTON SO WELL KNEW1 0! PROBABLE RESULT ( SU* A TEMP]AM5T IS ! PRES]VATION ( SY/EMS1 ?\< ORIG9ALLY OPPOS$4440 ,SO1 :5 ! LIB]ALS W]E H>RASS$ BY SO MANY WEAL?Y & P[]FUL M51 !Y REEXAM9$ ! DOCUM5T4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION DID1 AFT] ALL1 PROVIDE = ELECTIONS AS WELL AS = A P>LIAM5T4 ,EI<TE5? C5TURY DEMOCRATS W]E NOT UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5T CON/ITUT$ DEMOCRACY2 !Y W]E FAMILI> 5\< ) HI/ORY TO KN[ ?AT ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5TS HAD LONG EXI/$ 9 UNDEMOCRATIC ,5GL&1 9 ANCI5T ,ROME1 & EV5 9 ! FEUDAL MIDDLE AGES2 !Y W]E QUITE 5LI<T5$ AB\T ! UNDEMOCRATIC USE TO :I* TYRANNIES1 >I/OCRACIES1 & OLIG>*IES HAD PUT ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5TS4 ,IT WAS NOT ! PROVISION = ELECTIONS & P>LIAM5T ?AT *ANG$ ! M9DS ( ! DEMOCRATIC LIB]ALS1 BUT ! PROMISE ( A BILL ( RI<TS1 0PROVID+ CLE>LY1 & )\T ! AID ( SOPHISM1 = FRE$OM ( RELIGION1 FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 PROTECTION AGA9/ /&+ >MIES1 RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES1 ! ET]NAL & UNREMITT+ =CE (! HABEAS CORPUS LAWS1 & TRIALS BY JURY4440.<#a#e#f.> ,!Y MU/ HAVE ?\<T ?AT SURELY A BILL ( RI<TS1 SUPPLEM5T$ BY ELECTIONS & A P>LIAM5T1 W\LD PROVE TOO MU* ( AN OB/ACLE = ! AV>ICI\S 0/OCK-JOBB]S40 ,!Y MU/ HAVE HOP$ ?AT SURELY ! CAPITALI/ 9T]LUDE W\LD BE ONLY TEMPOR>Y1 ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T W\LD CONT9UE ) UNDIM9I%$ ZEAL1 ?AT 0AS NEW DISCOV]IES >E MADE1 NEW TRU?S DISCLOS$1 & MANN]S & OP9IONS *ANGE ) ! *ANGE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 9/ITUTIONS MU/ ADVANCE ALSO1 & KEEP PACE ) ! TIMES40.<#a#e#g.> ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ) 0A DREAD ( DISMEMB]M5T1 NOT AN APPROBATION ( ! P>TICUL> SY/EM UND] CONSID]ATION10 ! LIB]AL DEMOCRATS & ! CAPITALI/S REA*$ A COMPROMISE ON ! BILL ( RI<TS4 ,! LIB]ALS *ANG$ !IR VOTES4 ,IF !Y HAD NOT *ANG$ !IR VOTES SO QUICKLY1 !RE MI<T HAVE BE5 TIME TO 9=M ! POPULATION AB\T ! MOM5T\S ISSUES 9VOLV$4 ,BUT SO MANY M5 ( GREAT WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE W]E 9 SU* A HURRY4 ,& LIB]ALS >E ABOVE ALL EXP$I5T & PRACTICAL M54 ,S9CE IT IS NEV] EXP$I5T OR PRACTICAL TO OPPOSE OR DELAY WEAL?1 P[]1 & 9FLU5CE1 ! LIB]ALS *ANG$ !IR VOTES QUICKLY4 ,AS ,JEFF]SON SAID1 0,:AT IS PRACTICABLE MU/ (T5 CONTROL :AT IS PURE !ORY40 

,SO ! ,CON/ITUTION WAS RATIFI$2 IT WAS AM5D$ BY A BILL ( RI<TS2 IT BECAME DIE LAW ( ! L&4 ,& !REUPON A /RANGE1 UNEXPECT$1 B>ELY P]CEPTIBLE EV5T TOOK PLACE4 ,BE=E ITS ADOPTION1 ! ,CON/ITUTION HAD BE5 M]ELY A DOCUM5T WRITT5 BY A FEW CAPITALI/S1 A DOCUM5T :OSE FLAWS & T5D5CIES EV]Y LIB]AL & RADICAL DEMOCRAT C\LD RECOGNIZE & D5\NCE4 ,BUT AFT] ITS ADOPTION ?IS DOCUM5T ( DUBI\S VALUE & QUE/IONABLE QUALITY BECAME ,! ,LAW4 ,BE=E ! ,CON/ITUTION'S ADOPTION1 ! DEMOCRATS HAD KN[N ?AT ! CAPITALI/S CON/ITUT$ A SMALL BUT DANG]\S ANTI-DEMOCRATIC ELEM5T ,BUT AFT] ! ADOPTION1 ! SURPRIS$ DEMOCRATS W]E CONFRONT$ BY A ,LEVIA?AN3 ! SMALL1 ANTI-DEMOCRATIC ELEM5T HAD SUDD5LY ACQUIR$ ,AU?ORITY & ,P[]3 ! CAPITALI/S N[ CON/ITUT$ ,! ,/ATE4 ,EV5 ! CONS]VATIVE ,ADAMS1 ,F$]ALI/ SUCCESSOR ( ,GEORGE ,WA%+TON1 WAS WELL AW>E ( :AT HAD TAK5 PLACE4 ,ADAMS WROTE 9 #a#h#h3 0,WE DO POSSESS ONE MAT]IAL :I* ACTUALLY CON/ITUTES AN >I/OCRACY ?AT GOV]NS ! NATION4 ,?AT MAT]IAL IS WEAL?40 ,! LIB]ALS HAD MISCALCULAT$2 !Y HAD NOT EXPECT$ A M]E DOCUM5T COMPOS$ BY A H&FUL ( CAPITALI/S TO BECOME TRANS=M$ 9TO A WAY ( LIFE = G5]ATIONS ( M52 !Y HAD NOT KN[N ?AT !Y W]E 9SCRIB+ !IR NAMES ON ! GRAVE/ONE ( ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY4 

,EI<TE5? C5TURY DEMOCRATS KNEW A GREAT DEAL AB\T ! NATURAL RI<TS ( M5 & AB\T ! BRUTAL ABUSES ( TYRANTS4 ,BUT !Y TOO LI<TLY DISMISS$ ! PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS ( VE/$ AU?ORITY4 ,!Y W]E FAMILI> ) ! FRAUD & VIOL5CE BY :I* M$IEVAL FEUDALISM HAD MA9TA9$ ITS ,E>?LY ,CITY4 ,BUT !Y'D =GOTT5 ! REPULSIVE PH5OM5ON ( M5 DE/ROY+1 MURD]+1 & DY+ BECAUSE ! ,AU?ORITY ( ! ,*UR* HAD DECRE$ ?AT ,*RI/IANS MU/ DE/ROY ,MOHAMM$ANS 9 ! NAME ( ,JESUS ,*RI/4 ,& !Y'D =GOTT5 H[ MANY TIMES >I/OCRACIES & MON>*IES1 ACT+ 09 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE10 HAD US$ ,AU?ORITY TO GA9 !IR 5DS BY US+ ONE PORTION ( ! PEOPLE TO ROB & MASSACRE ANO!R PORTION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,:AT ! LIB]ALS UND]E/IMAT$ WAS ! EXT5T TO :I* ,AU?ORITY ABSOLVES CRIME4 

,IF ONE MAN ROBS ANO!R ON ! /REET1 HE IS A ?IEF4 ,BUT IF A GR\P ( ?IEVES ROBS AN 5TIRE NATION FROM A LEGISLATURE1 !Y >E NOT CONSID]$ CRIM9ALS4 ,!Y HAVE ,AU?ORITY4 ,!Y >E ! ,LEGISLATORS ( ! ,L&4 ,!IR ROBB]Y IS ALWAYS 09 ! NATIONAL 9T]E/0 & !Y SPEAK 09 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE40 ,& ANYONE :O %\LD TRY TO PROSECUTE ! CRIM9ALS 9 P[] IS GUILTY ( HI< TREASON4 ,! CAPITALI/ OR ! BANK] NE$ NO LONG] FEEL A%AM$ ( HIS 0CALL+10 = 9 A CAPITALI/ /ATE ) A CAPITALI/ ,CON/ITUTION1 A USUR] IS NO LONG] DESPIS$2 HE HAS BECOME 0A MAN :O HAS A DUE S5SE ( ! SACR$ OBLIGATION ( A JU/ DEBT2.<#a#e#h.> HE HAS BECOME A ,RESPECTABLE ,MAN4 

,DRAP$ ) ,AU?ORITY1 ! ,CON/ITUTION CEAS$ TO APPE> A BLATANT PIECE ( CLASS LEGISLATION DRAFT$ BY SELF-SEEK+ SECURITY-HOLD]S4 ,IT WAS /RANGELY TRANS=M$1 NOT ONLY 9TO ! LAW ( ! L&1 BUT ALSO 9TO AN 0EXPRESSION ( ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE40 ,*IEF ,JU/ICE ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT ,JOHN ,M>%ALL HAD WRITT5 ?AT 0! FATE ( ! CON/ITUTION C\LD SC>CELY BE CONJECTUR$2 & SO SMALL 9 MANY 9/ANCES1 WAS ! MAJORITY 9 ITS FAVOR1 AS TO AF=D /RONG GR\ND = ! OP9ION ?AT1 HAD ! 9FLU5CE ( *>ACT] BE5 REMOV$1 ! 9TR9SIC M]ITS ( ! 9/RUM5T W\LD NOT HAVE SECUR$ ITS ADOPTION44440 ,YET ONLY TWELVE YE>S LAT]1 ! V]Y SAME ,*IEF ,JU/ICE ,JOHN ,M>%ALL WROTE ! FOLL[+3 0,! GOV]NM5T .<( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES.> PROCE$S DIRECTLY FROM ! PEOPLE2 IT IS 'ORDA9$ & E/ABLI%$' 9 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE2 & IT IS DECL>$ TO BE ORDA9$ 9 'ORD] TO =M A MORE P]FECT UNION1 E/ABLI% JU/ICE1 9SURE DOME/IC TRANQUILITY1 & SECURE ! BLESS+S ( LIB]TY' TO !MSELVES & TO !IR PO/]ITY4444 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,UNION !N 444 IS EMPHATICALLY & TRULY1 A GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE4 ,9 =M & SUB/ANCE IT EMANATES FROM !M4 ,ITS P[]S >E GRANT$ BY !M & >E TO BE EX]CIS$ DIRECTLY ON !M & = !IR B5EFIT4444 ,IT IS ! GOV]NM5T ( ALL2 ITS P[]S >E DELEGAT$ BY ALL2 IT REPRES5TS ALL1 & ACTS = ALL40.<#a#e#i.> 

,?US1 BY #a#h#a#i1 ! CAPITALI/S :O HAD ONCE CON/ITUT$ A SMALL BUT DANG]\S ANTI-DEMOCRATIC =CE1 HAD BECOME 0EMPHATICALLY & TRULY1 A GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE40 ,! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? N[ CALLS ITSELF A DEMOCRACY4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( 0PAP] & PATRONAGE10 ( :AT ,JOHN ,TAYLOR CALL$ 0A SLY ?IEF1 :O EMPTIES Y\R POCKETS UND] A PRET5SE ( PAY+ Y\R DEBTS10 :OSE RULE IS 0A CLIMATE DEADLY TO LIB]TY10.<#a#f.> HAD N[ BE5 LAUN*$ ON ITS C>E] ( PLUND]1 OPPRESSION & CRIME1 ALL COMMITT$ 9 ! NAME ( ,FRE$OM1 ,LIB]TY1 & ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE4 

,AS ,TAYLOR OBS]V$1 0,! >I/OCRACY ( SUP]/ITION DEF5D$ ITSELF BY EXCLAIM+1 ! ,GODS6 ! TEMPLES6 ! SACR$ ORACLES6 DIV9E V5GEANCE6 & ,ELYSIAN FIELDS6--& ?AT ( PAP] & PATRONAGE EXCLAIMS1 NATIONAL FAI?6 SACR$ *>T]S6 DISORGANIZATION6 & SECURITY ( PROP]TY60.<#a#f#a.> ,& MANY YE>S AFT] ,TAYLOR'S DEA?1 ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE DID NOT HESITATE TO BORR[ FROM ! >I/OCRACY ( SUP]/ITION1 & ADD TO ITS [N >MORY1 ! EXCLAMATIONS1 ! ,GODS6 ! TEMPLES6 & ! ,ELYSIAN FIELDS ( ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE6 

,:5 ! IDEALS ( REVOLUTION>IES BECAME ! IDEOLOGY ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES1 ! DEMOCRATS W]E DIS>M$4 ,:5 CAPITALI/S 9 P[] CALL$ !MSELVES DEMOCRATS1 ! DEMOCRATS \T ( P[] HAD LITTLE GR\ND TO /& ON4 ,IT HAD BE5 DIFFICULT 5\< = DEMOCRATS TO OPPOSE AN >I/OCRACY ?AT CLAIM$ TO BE SUP]IOR TO O!R M54 ,BUT IT WAS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE = DEMOCRATS TO OPPOSE AN >I/OCRACY ?AT CLAIM$ TO RULE 9 ! NAME ( ! PEOPLE1 ?AT CLAIM$ ITS WEAL? 5RI*$ ! PEOPLE1 ?AT CLAIM$ ITS W>S ( CONQUE/ & PLUND] W]E = ! DEF5SE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BY APPROPRIAT+ ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL1 ! CAPITALI/S EMASCULAT$ ! DEMOCRATS4 ,FROM H]E ON1 ! VA/ LIT]ATURE 9 DEF5SE ( DEMOCRACY WAS US$ BY CAPITALI/S TO DEF5D CAPITALISM4 ,FROM H]E ON1 EV]Y MAN :O /ILL SPOKE FAVORABLY ( DEMOCRATIC IDEALS WAS SE5 AS A DEF5D] ( CAPITALISM4 ,IF USURY WAS ,FRE$OM & !FT ,DEMOCRACY1 !N RADICAL DEMOCRATS HAD NO *OICE BUT TO CUT \T !IR TONGUES & PA9T !IR 9T5TIONS TO !IR FELL[ M54 ,CAPITALI/ AS WELL AS OLD] >I/OCRACIES ALL OV] ,EUROPE FOLL[$ ! LEAD ( !IR ,AM]ICAN BRE!R51 & BE=E LONG EV]Y =M ( TYRANNY & OPPRESSION1 )\T UND]GO+ A REVOLUTION1 )\T ANY *ANGE :ATEV]1 CALL$ ITSELF A DEMOCRACY4 ,& IT TOOK RADICAL DEMOCRATS ALMO/ HALF A C5TURY TO AB&ON ! NAME ( !IR *]I%$ IDEAL1 & TO REALIZE ?AT IF OPPRESSION WAS CALL$ ,DEMOCRACY1 !N DEMOCRACY W\LD HAVE TO BE CALL$ COMMUNISM1 OR SOCIALISM1 OR EV5 AN>*Y4 ,RADICAL DEMOCRATS LO/ !IR UNITY & COH]5CE UNTIL ! BRILLIANT HI/ORIAN & S*OL> ,K>L ,M>X RECA/ & CRY/ALLIZ$ ! FRAGM5T$ PIECES ( ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL 9TO A P[]FUL NEW MOLD4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE GA9+ UNITY & COH]5CE FROM ! NEWLY =MULAT$ PROGRAM & ! UNTA9T$ NAME1 ! DEMOCRATS CONFIRM$ & GREATLY /R5G!N$ ! CAPITALI/ CLAIM TO A MONOPOLY ON ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL4 ,:ATEV] ! VIRTUES ( ! NEW NAME1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O WROTE ! DEMOCRATIC GOALS ( ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY & ,FRAT]NITY ON ! BANN]S ( M5 :O C\LD NO LONG] CALL !MSELVES DEMOCRATS4 

,HI/ORIANS :O DO NOT WRITE TO 5LI<T5 !IR READ]S1 BUT TO 5DE> !MSELVES ) ?OSE 9 P[]1 QUICKLY CAU<T ON TO ! NATURE ( !IR IMPORTANT TASK )9 ! CAPITALI/ REGIME4 ,:5 ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION WAS /ILL )9 ! MEMORY ( LIV+ M51 BOOKS ?AT TOLD ( ! SECURITY-HOLD]S' C\P D'ETAT W]E 5TITL$ 0,! ,BIR? & ,GR[? ( ,DEMOCRACY40 ,BE=E LONG M5 SPOKE ( ! HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN CAPITALISM AS ! 0,HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN ,DEMOCRACY10 & EXOTIC NEW TOPICS LIKE ,HAMILTONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 ,JACKSONIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 ,S\!RN ,DEMOCRACY1 ,MIDWE/]N ,DEMOCRACY1 & ,GRASS ,ROOTS ,DEMOCRACY1 FILL$ S*OL>LY MONOGRAPHS4 ,9 ,BRITA9 !RE APPE>$ A ,VICTORIAN ,DEMOCRACY1 & ELSE:]E !RE W]E ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,MON>*IES1 ,EQUALIT>IAN ,OLIG>*IES1 & EV5 A FEW ,DEMOCRATIC ,K+DOMS4 ,& 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 AN ALLIANCE ( CAPITALI/1 FEUDAL1 & FASCI/ MILIT>Y /ATES CALL$ ITSELF ,! ,FREE ,WORLD4 ,AM]ICAN *ILDR5 W]E 9DOCTR9AT$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ! UNSCRUPUL\S BRUTALITY ( ,ROCKEFELL]1 ! CUNN+ ?IEV]Y ( ,C>NEGIE1 ! CRIM9AL USURY ( ,MORGAN1 W]E IDEAL MODELS ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,WAY ( ,LIFE & LIV+ PRO( 0?AT ALL M5 >E CREAT$ EQUAL40 ,& ON ! WORLD SC5E1 ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/S H>RASS$ ! UNF$1 UNPRIVILEG$ MILLIONS 9 ! COLONIES TO *OOSE BETWE5 ,SOCIALISM1 :I*1 !Y SAID1 GIVES 0ONLY BREAD10 & ,! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY1 :I*1 !Y SAID1 GIVES 0FRE$OM40 ,BUT BY ! MIDDLE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 TOO MANY MIS]ABLE M5 KNEW ?AT ! 0FRE$OM0 GIV5 BY CAPITALI/S WAS ! FRE$OM ( SLAVES TO WORK = !IR MA/]S OR DIE4 ,TOO MANY KNEW ?AT ! FRE$OM ( CAPITALI/S WAS RE/RICT$ TO ! CAPITALI/S1 & ?AT O!R M5 RECEIV$ ONLY ITS OBV]SE SIDE3 MIS]Y & OPPRESSION4 ,& YET :5 M5 REJECT$ ,! 4,AM]ICAN ,WAY & *OSE ! POSSIBILITY = BO? 0BREAD0 AS WELL AS !IR L& WAS 9VAD$ BY ! 0>S5AL ( DEMOCRACY20 !Y W]E SUBJECT$ TO T]RORI/ REPRISALS1 SABOTAGE1 & MASSACRE ?AT DID NOT & W\LD NOT 5D2 & DUR+ ! CAMPAIGN ( UTT]LY 9HUMAN RATIONALLY MANUFACTUR$ HORROR1 !Y W]E TOLD1 BY ,HAMILTON'S & ,ROCKEFELL]'S HEIRS1 ?AT !Y HAD 0BETRAY$0 !IR REVOLUTION4 

 "9"9"9 

,! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL REQUIR$ ?AT ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL P[]1 VOICE & 9FLU5CE 9 ALL ! IMPORTANT MATT]S ( ! HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,= ?IS TO BE POSSIBLE1 L& & WEAL? HAD TO BE EQUALIZ$1 S9CE 0,IF WEAL? IS ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 EI!R BY A FEUDAL OR A /OCK MONOPOLY1 IT C>RIES ! P[] ALSO2 & A GOV]NM5T BECOMES AS C]TA9LY >I/OCRATICAL1 BY A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 AS BY A MONOPOLY ( >MS40.<#a#f#b.> ,! EQUALIZATION ( L& & WEAL? WAS TO TAKE PLACE EI!R 9 ! =M SUGGE/$ BY ,MORE1 ,W9/ANLEY1 ,BABEUF1 & !IR FOLL[]S BY MAK+ ! E>? A 0COMMON TREASURY0 & = EV]Y SON & DAU<T] ( MANK9D TO LIVE FREE UPON20 OR 9 ! =M SUGGE/$ BY ,TAYLOR1 ,JEFF]SON1 & MO/ (! E>LY ,AM]ICAN LIB]AL DEMOCRATS3 BY DIVID+ ! L& AMONG ITS TILL]S1 BY GOV]NM5T 0RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES10 BY AGR>IAN RE=M4 ,9 EI!R CASE 0CUT?ROAT COMPETITION0 W\LD HAVE BE5 A CRIME1 & ! 5SLAVEM5T & EMPLOYM5T ( SOME M5 BY O!R MAN W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 TOL]AT$4 ,EV]Y ADVANCEM5T 9 KN[L$GE & 9 TE*NOLOGY W\LD HAVE B5EFITT$ ALL M52 & EV5 ?OSE M5 :O W]E O!RWISE 9CL9$ W\LD HAVE HAD TO SEEK P]SONAL ADVANCEM5T BY COOP]ATION & NOT W>4 ,= SU* A SOCIETY TO SURVIVE & MA9TA9 ITSELF1 ALL M5 W\LD HAVE TO BE $UCAT$1 NOT 9 ! MY/IFICATIONS ( A RUL+ CLASS1 BUT 9 ! RELATIONS ( EA* TO HIS FELL[S1 HIS SOCIETY1 & HIS AGE1 AS WELL AS 9 ! IDEALS & POT5TIALITIES ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,)\T SU* $UCATION1 ! EXP]IM5T W\LD SURELY FAIL1 0IF A NATION EXPECTS TO BE IGNORANT & FREE1 9 A /ATE ( CIVILIZATION1 IT EXPECTS :AT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE40.<#a#f#c.> ,TO SUPPLEM5T ! G5]AL $UCATION1 !RE MU/ BE CONCRETE & FULL 9=MATION ON ALL IMPORTANT ISSUES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 IF A CON/ITUTION IS PROPOS$1 CITIZ5S CANNOT EX]T 9TELLIG5T CONTROL OV] ?IS MO/ IMPORTANT AFFAIR ( ! NATION UNLESS !Y >E 9=M$ ( ! EXACT NUMB] ( DRAFT]S :O ATT5D$ ! ,CONV5TION 9 ORD] TO B5EFIT !IR FELL[ M51 & ! EXACT NUMB] :O ATT5D$ 9 ORD] TO DEFRAUD & PLUND] !IR FELL[ M54 ,S9CE 9=MATION IS ALWAYS COLOR$ BY ! MAN :O TRANSMITS IT1 !RE MU/ BE UNTRAMMEL$ FRE$OM ( SPEE*--:I* MEANS ?AT EV]Y MAN HAS ACCESS TO ! E>S ( ALL2 & !RE MA/ BE UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM ( ! PRESS--:I* MEANS ?AT ONE MAN'S WRITT5 ?\<TS >E AS PROM95TLY DI/RIBUT$ & AS WIDELY AVAILABLE AS ANY O!R'S4 ,S9CE CONCRETE & COMPLETE 9=MATION W\LD PLAY SU* A CRUCIAL ROLE 9 A DEMOCRACY1 PUBLICLY DISSEM9AT$ LIES & DECEPTIONS W\LD NOT BE P]MITT$ ANY MORE ?AN !Y >E 9 SCI5CE1 & M5 W\LD BE 5C\RAG$ TO EXPRESS IMPORTANT & IMAG9ATIVE IDEAS & DISC\RAG$ FROM PUBLI%+ UNORIG9AL OR FAMILI> ONES4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS OBVI\SLY DID NOT MEAN ?AT A FEW M5 W\LD BE 0FREE0 TO ADDRESS & 9=M ! RE/1 :ILE MO/ M5 W]E 0FREE0 TO SPEAK TO & WRITE = !IR [N FRI5DS4 ,!RE'S NO?+ DEMOCRATIC AB\T SU* AN >RANGEM5T--& NO?+ NEW4 ,EV]Y =M ( GOV]NM5T 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 :E!R MON>*Y OR TYRANNY1 >I/OCRACY OR OLIG>*Y1 HAS PROVID$ UNRE/RICT$ FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION TO A FEW1 & HAS GIV5 TO ! RE/ ! 0FRE$OM0 TO EXPRESS !MSELVES TO !IR FRI5DS--BUT ?IS IS NOT DEMOCRACY1 NOR IS IT AN A*IEVEM5T1 S9CE ONLY A TOTAL POLICE /ATE COMPOS$ ( ILLIT]ATE1 TONGUELESS & M9DLESS M5 C\LD PREV5T SU* 0FRE$OM0 FROM TAK+ PLACE4 ,& LA/LY1 ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL REQUIR$ ! P>TICIPATION ( EV]Y MAN 9 ! IMPORTANT AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY4 ,P>TICIPATION 9 TRIVIALITIES WAS NO?+ NEW3 EV5 9 ! REPRESSIVE TYRANNY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>S1 ! POORE/ M5 C\LD 0P>TICIPATE0 9 ! S]VICES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,OR?ODOX ,*UR* & 9 ! CELEBRATIONS ( *E]+ ! ,CZ>2 9 EV]Y SLAVE SOCIETY1 ! SLAVES C\LD 0P>TICIPATE0 9 !IR MA/]S' AFFAIRS BY DO+ !IR MA/]S' WORK4 ,DEMOCRATIC P>TICIPATION WAS TO OP5 A NEW ]A 9 MAN'S RELATION TO MAN3 EA* HUMAN BE+ WAS TO BE MA/] ( HIS FATE1 9S(> AS HIS FATE DID NOT DEP5D ON NATURAL OB/ACLES2 EA* MAN WAS TO CONTROL ! DIRECTION & CONT5T ( HIS LIFE4 

,?US !RE W]E F\R MA9 PR9CIPLES = A DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 GIV5 MANY NAMES BY MANY M54 ,JOHN ,TAYLOR CALL$ !M JU/ICE1 KN[L$GE1 HONE/Y1 & SELF-GOV]NM5T4.<#a#f#d.> ,!SE F\R PR9CIPLES CAN BE EXAM9$ )9 A SOCIAL CONTEXT 9 T]MS ( ! DI/RIBUTION ( L&1 WEAL?1 & PRIVILEGE2 ! QUALITY ( $UCATION2 ! FACILITY ( COMMUNICATION2 ! DEGREE ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! IMPORTANT AFFAIRS ( SOCIETY4 ,ALL O!R SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS CAN !N BE EVALUAT$ 9 T]MS ( !SE F\R PR9CIPLES1 & !IR DEMOCRATIC OR UNDEMOCRATIC *>ACT] CAN ?US BE ASC]TA9$4_<#d_> 

 "9"9"9 

,! FIR/ REQUIREM5T ( ! DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IS ?AT ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL P[] & 9FLU5CE--IT IS :AT ,JOHN ,TAYLOR CALL$ ,JU/ICE4 ,! P]5NIAL SYMBOL ( ,JU/ICE IS A SCALE 9 BALANCE4 ,9 ORD] TO HAVE EQUAL P[] & 9FLU5CE1 M5 MU/ HAVE EQUAL CONTROL OV] ! MEANS ( EX]T+ P[] & 9FLU5CE1 & EV]Y AUGM5TATION ( SOCIETY'S MEANS ( P[] MU/ PASS TO ALL M54 ,OBVI\SLY ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS CANNOT EXI/ 9 A SOCIETY :]E A FEW M5 HAVE A MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( P[]4 ,?IS P[] WILL 5ABLE ! FEW TO APPROPRIATE ANY NEW MEANS ( P[] :I* BECOME AVAILABLE TO SOCIETY4 ,) !IR AUGM5T$ P[]1 ! FEW WILL HAVE YET GREAT] ACCESS TO MORE P[]4 ,ONCE ?IS PROCESS IS ALL[$ TO />T1 IT CLE>LY WILL NOT 5D UNTIL V]Y FEW M5 HAVE AN UN*ALL5GEABLE MONOPOLY OV] ALL AVAILABLE MEANS ( P[]1 9FLU5CE & CONTROL4 

,! HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NOT A HI/ORY ( ,JU/ICE1 ( A SCALE 9 BALANCE4 ,IT IS NOT ! HI/ORY ( A ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALS4 ,AM]ICAN HI/ORY IS A HI/ORY ( CAPITALISM4 ,IF !RE WAS ONCE HOPE ?AT WEAL? & PRIVILEGE W\LD BE EQUALIZ$ BY ! PEACEFUL MEANS ( AGR>IAN RE=M1 CANCELLATION ( DEBTS1 & DIVISION ( UNOCCUPI$ L& AMONG ITS TILL]S1 ?AT HOPE WAS KILL$ BY ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION HALL[$ ! PROP]TY ( ! RI* & CONDON$ ! 5RI*M5T ( SOME BY MEANS ( ! IMPOV]I%M5T ( ?OSE LESS ABLE TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,HAMILTON'S FISCAL PROGRAM 5L>G$ ON ! ,CON/ITUTION BY GIV+ PUBLIC MONEY TO ! UNSAVORY' GR\P :O HAD SPECULAT$ ON ! REVOLUTION>Y W>4 ,! ,HAMILTONIAN PROGRAM 5C\RAG$ !SE M5 TO EMPLOY ! WEAL? & LABOR ( ! NATION TO 5RI* !MSELVES YET FUR!R1 CREAT$ A BANK TO HELP !IR ACQUISITIVE PROJECTS1 & AS IF ?IS W]5'T 5\<1 9CREAS$ ! TAXES & US$ VIOL5CE TO COLLECT !M1 9 ORD] TO 5L>GE ! BANK'S FUNDS4 ,ALEX&] ,HAMILTON1 :O SAW1 FE>$1 & DESPIS$ ! DEMOCRATIC LEAN+S & HOPES ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 DEL9EAT$ CLE>LY ! TYPE ( SOCIETY HE WANT$ E/ABLI%$ ON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 ,HAMILTON'S IDEAL WAS NOT A COMMONWEAL? ( FRE$OM1 EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD4 ,IT WAS A SOCIETY ( 0! FEW & ! MANY4 ,! FIR/ >E ! RI* & WELL BOM1 ! O!R ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE4444 ,GIVE !RE=E TO ! FIR/ CLASS A DI/9CT1 P]MAN5T %>E 9 ! GOV]NM5T40.<#a#f#e.> 

,HAMILTON WAS UND\BT$LY PLEAS$ BY ! ,NEW ,WORLD ?AT EM]G$ FROM ! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,CONV5TION & ITS AFT]MA?4 ,IT WAS A SOCIETY :]E P>T ( ! NATION W]E NEGRO SLAVES :OSE 5TIRE LIVES W]E ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( PLANTATION [N]S1 :]E ANO!R P>T ( ! NATION W]E T5ANT F>M]S & WORK]S :OSE TIME & LABOR W]E ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( CAPITALI/S4 ,! WEAL? ( ! NATION WAS SAFELY LODG$ 9 ! H&S ( 0! FEW10 ! 0RI* & WELL BORN10 & 0,IF WEAL? IS ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 EI!R BY A FEUDAL OR A /OCK MONOPOLY1 IT C>RIES ! P[] ALSO4440.<#a#f#f.> ,) WEAL? & P[]1 & ) A LEGAL SY/EM DESIGN$ TO PROTECT WEAL? & P[]1 ! 0RI* & WELL BORN0 QUICKLY APPROPRIAT$ TO !MSELVES ! L& AS WELL AS ! LABOR ( 0! MANY40 ,! PREVI\S *APT]1 ON ! ,GR[? ( ,CAPITALISM1 REVIEW$ ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS BY :I* 0! FEW0 APPROPRIAT$ ! L&1 WEAL? & P[] ( ! NATION4 ,) ! 9V5TION & DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGICAL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 A TREM5D\S NEW S\RCE ( P[] BECAME AVAILABLE TO SOCIETY4 ,BUT 9 CAPITALI/ ,AM]ICA1 TE*NOLOGY WAS NOT US$ = ! COLLECTIVE 5RI*M5T & CREATIVE DEVELOPM5T ( ALL HUMAN BE+S BUT TO 5L>GE ! P[] ( ! RI* & WELL BOM4 ,DUR+ ! #a#h#f'S1 A FABUL\SLY MU%ROOM+ 5RI*M5T ( ! RI* TOOK PLACE4 ,! ,HAMILTONIAN DREAM PASS$ 9TO FR5ZY AS DELIRI\S CAPITALI/S 0EXPLOIT$ NATIONAL RES\RCES1 WAG$ ECONOMIC W>S AMONG !MSELVES1 5T]$ 9TO COMB9ATIONS1 MADE PRIVATE CAPITAL \T ( ! PUBLIC DOMA91 & US$ ANY & EV]Y ME?OD TO A*IEVE !IR 5DS4 ,!Y MADE AGREEM5TS ) RAILROADS = REBATES2 !Y PUR*AS$ NEWSPAP]S & B\<T $ITORS2 !Y KILL$ (F COMPET+ & 9DEP5D5T BUS9ESSES1 & EMPLOY$ LAWY]S ( SKILL & /ATESM5 ( REPUTE TO SU/A9 !IR RI<TS & SECURE !IR PRIVILEGES40.<#a#f#g.> ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BECAME A HOT H\SE = ! GR[? ( =TUNES4 ,AMBITI\S1 M9DLESS & DET]M9$ M5 AB&ON$ !IR LIVES & HOMES 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD & FRANTICALLY HURRI$ TO GAMBLE = ! BIG TAKE 9 ! GOLD RU%4 ,! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( GAMBL]S LO/1 & !Y SP5T !IR LIVES 9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD AS IMMIGRANT LABOR]S :OSE SLUMS & WORK+ CONDITIONS W]E 9 MANY CASES WORSE ?AN ?OSE !Y'D LEFT4 ,AS 9 ALL GOLD RU%ES1 H[EV]1 ! GOLD WAS NOT LONG AVAILABLE TO ALL COM]S4 ,! GOLD RU% WAS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$1 & ALL ! GOLD WAS C>EFULLY *ANNEL$ 9TO ! H&S ( ! M9E [N]S1 ! H&S ( ?OSE :O HAD ! WEAL? & P[] TO BUY ! 0RI<TS40 ,AS ONE OBS]V] SUMM>IZ$1 0,FROM ! TIME ( ! ,PANIC ( #a#h#g#c1 :I* SIGNAL$ ! DEA? ( ! OLD 9DIVIDUALI/IC 5TREPR5EUR1 ! CORPORATION WAS ! KEY 9/ITUTION ( ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMIC SY/EM40.<#a#f#h.> 

,A SOCIAL SY/EM :I* LODGES AN EXCESS ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( 0! FEW0 & CONDONES ! FUR!R AUGM5TATION ( ?AT P[]1 WILL 9 RIME LODGE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[] 9TO ! H&S ( V]Y FEW M54 ,& ?IS IS 9 FACT ! C5TRAL *>ACT]I/IC ( TW5TIE? C5TURY ,AM]ICA4 ,I HAVE ALREADY QUOT$ ! AU?ORITATIVE CORPORATION LAWY] :O E/IMAT$ ?AT 0,SLI<TLY MORE ?AN HALF .<( ,AM]ICAN 9DU/RY.> IS [N$ \TRI<T BY NOT MORE ?AN #b CORPORATIONS40.<#a#f#i.> ,I HAVE ALSO QUOT$ ! SOCIOLOGI/ :O TRANSLAT$ ?IS FACT 9TO ITS SOCIAL MEAN+3 0,)9 ! F9ANCIAL & POLITICAL B\ND>IES ( ! CORPORATION1 ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION ITSELF HAS BE5 CONC5TRAT$4 ,CORPORATIONS COMM& RAW MAT]IALS1 & ! PAT5TS ON 9V5TIONS ) :I* TO TURN !M 9TO F9I%$ PRODUCTS4 ,!Y COMM& ! MO/ EXP5SIVE1 & !RE=E :AT MU/ BE ! F9E/1 LEGAL M9DS 9 ! WORLD1 TO 9V5T & TO REF9E !IR DEF5SES & !IR /RATEGIES4 ,!Y EMPLOY MAN AS PRODUC] & !Y MAKE ?AT :I* HE BUYS AS CONSUM]4 ,!Y CLO! HIM & FE$ HIM & 9VE/ HIS MONEY4 ,!Y MAKE ?AT ) :I* HE FI<TS ! W>S & !Y F9ANCE ! BALLYHOO ( ADV]TISEM5T & ! OBSCURANTI/ BUNK ( PUBLIC RELATIONS ?AT SURR\ND HIM DUR+ ! W>S & BETWE5 !M40.<#a#g.> 

,?US ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NOT A SOCIETY :]E ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY :]E ,JU/ICE IS MONOPOLIZ$ BY ! 0RI* & WELL BOM40 ,! SCALE IS \T ( BALANCE3 ON ! L[] HALF ! WEI<T ( 0! MASS ( MANK9D0 SUPPORTS 0! FEW0 ON ! UPP] HALF4 ,A FEW M5 HAVE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE1 AS WELL AS A MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( AUGM5T+ WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE4 0,! MASS ( MANK9D0 >E 9/RUM5TS ( ! RI*2 !Y >E TOOLS1 !Y >E EMPLOY$ AS 0H&S20 !IR LABOR & TIME >E NOT !IR [N1 !Y >E NOT !IR [N MA/]S1 !Y DO NOT EX]T CONTROL OV] ! IMPORTANT MATT]S ( !IR LIVES4 ,! 9FLU5CE & VOICE ( ! MAJORITY ( ,AM]ICANS IS SYMBOLIZ$ BY AN ,9T]COMMUNICATION ,SY/EM 9 A CAPITALI/ FACTORY OR 9DU/RIAL PLANT-- :AT WORK]S CALL A 0BIT*-BOX40 ,! 0BOSS0 HAS A C5TRALIZ$ 0BOX0 9 HIS (FICE FROM :I* HE CAN CALL & DIRECT ALL ! WORK]S2 ! WORK]S1 9 TURN1 HAVE ! P[] & VOICE1 !Y HAVE ! 0FRE$OM10 TO ANSW] ! BOSS'S CALL4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS A SOCIETY ( MA/]S & S]VANTS1 EUPHEMIZ$ AS 0EMPLOY]S0 & 0EMPLOYES10 OR 0MANAGEM5T & LABOR40 ,IT DIFF]S SLI<TLY1 BUT SIGNIFICANTLY1 FROM A SLAVE OR S]F SOCIETY4 ,9 A SLAVE SOCIETY1 ! MA/] HAS ABSOLUTE P[] OV] ! 5TIRE LIVES & =TUNES ( 0HIS0 SLAVES4 ,HE IS !IR 0FA!R10 !Y >E HIS 0*ILDR510 & ?US HE IS 0RESPONSIBLE0 = !M4 ,CAPITALISM DECREASES ! P[] OV] ! 5TIRE LIFE ( HUMAN BE+S TO A P[] OV] !IR TIME & LABOR1 & AT ! SAME TIME ABOLI%ES ! PAT]NAL 0RESPONSIBILITY0 ) :I* SLAVE-MA/]S W]E *>G$4 ,S9CE TIME & LABOR >E ! MO QUALITIES ) :I* A HUMAN BE+ %APES HIS DE/9Y1 ! S]VITUDE ( A MAN :O HAS ALI5AT$ !SE QUALITIES TO ANO!R IS JU/ AS REAL AS ?AT ( A SLAVE OR A S]F4 ,H[EV]1 ! CAPITALI/ DOES NOT VIEW HIS EMPLOYES AS 0*ILDR50 BUT AS 0H&S10 & BY ?US DEGRAD+ M5 FROM SUB-HUMANS 9TO ?+S1 HE DOES NOT FEEL 9 ANY WAY 0RESPONSIBLE0 = !M3 HE CAN BREAK1 FIRE1 & REPLACE !M AT WILL4 ,?US ! EXI/5CE ( A L>GE NUMB] ( 0UNEMPLOY$10 ( M5 :O >E \TSIDE ! B\ND>IES ( ! ECONOMY1 IS ( NO CONC]N TO CAPITALI/S4 ,UNLIKE ! SLAVE SOCIETY1 ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY GIVES M5 A *OICE ( MA/]S :OM !Y CAN S]VE4 ,! *OICE IS OBVI\SLY LIMIT$ TO ! 0OP5+S0 AVAILABLE AT ANY GIV5 TIME4 ,BUT IF A MAN %\LD *OOSE NOT TO S]VE ANY MA/]1 NOR TO BE A MA/] HIMSELF1 HE IS FREE TO />VE4 

,= ?OSE :O REFUSE S]VITUDE1 & = ?OSE :O CANNOT F9D IT1 CAPITALISM PROVIDES A VICI\S 9/ITUTION1 UNKN[N 9 ANY SLAVE SOCIETY3 ! 9/ITUTION ( ,UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,9 ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 !RE MU/ ALWAYS BE A SURPLUS ( LABOR1 S9CE A %ORTAGE ( LABOR W\LD MAKE WORK]S TOO P[]FUL 9 A /RIKE1 TOO 9SI/5T 9 !IR DEM&S = A GREAT] %>E ( ! WEAL?1 & TOO CURI\S AB\T ! NECESSITY ( RETA9+ UNPRODUCTIVE CAPITALI/S :OSE ONLY FUNCTION IS TO SUCK UP ! FRUIT ( O!R M5'S LABOR4 ,?US !RE >E ALWAYS SOME :O >E UNEMPLOY$--:O DO NOT WANT OR CANNOT F9D CAPITALI/S TO S]VE4 ,S9CE ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9CULCATES 9 ALL M5 ! DESIRE TO S]VE1 ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! 0UNEMPLOY$0 >E M5 :O CRAVE = EMPLOYM5T & >E DEPRIV$ ( IT BY A %ORTAGE ( 0OP5+S40 ,& = ?IS !Y >E CRIM9ALS4 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ 9/RUCTIVE %ORT C\RSE ON CAPITALISM IS ?AT :I* IS GIV5 V]Y DAY 9 ! C\RTS ( BIG CITIES :]E M5 >E TRI$ = PETTY CRIMES & 0DISORD]LY CONDUCT40 ,9 SU* A C\RT1 ONE MIS]ABLE WRET* AFT] ANO!R IS DRAGG$ 9--ONE = VAGRANCY1 ANO!R = DR9K+ TO =GET HIS HUNG] & MIS]Y1 ANO!R = SLEEP+ ON A P>K B5*4 ,! FIR/ C\NT AGA9/ ! MAN :O SLEPT ON ! B5* IS ?AT HE HAS NO ADDRESS1 NO HOME TO :I* TO RETURN2 ! SECOND C\NT1 ?AT HE HAS NO JOB1 NO 0GA9FUL EMPLOYM5T20 & ! ?IRD C\NT AGA9/ HIM IS ?AT1 DUE TO HIS LACK ( MEANS1 HE SLEPT ON ! P>K B5*4 ,IF HE IS A 0REPEAT$ (F5D]0 HE IS S5T TO ! 0WORK H\SE0 = A P]IOD ( =C$ LABOR4 ,HE IS !N RELEAS$ AS POOR & MIS]ABLE AS BE=E1 & 9 TIME PICK$ UP AGA9 = 0DISORD]LY CONDUCT40 0,!RE=E1 ?AT ONE COVET\S & UNSATIABLE CORMORANT & V]Y PLAGUE ( HIS NATIVE C\NTRY MAY COMPASS AB\T & 5CLOSE MANY ?\S& ACRES ( GR\ND TOGE!R )9 ONE PALE OR H$GE1 ! HUSB&M5 BE ?RU/ \T ( !IR [N 444 !Y MU/ NE$S DEP>T AWAY1 POOR1 SILLY1 WRET*$ S\LS1 M51 WOM51 HUSB&S1 WIVES1 FA!RLESS *ILDR51 WID[S1 WOEFUL MO!RS & Y\NG BABES4 ,& YET !N ALSO !Y BE CA/ 9 PRISON AS VAGABONDS1 BECAUSE !Y GO AB\T & WORK NOT2 :OM NO MAN WILL SET A-WORK1 ?\< !Y NEV] SO WILL+LY (F] !MSELVES !RETO40.<#a#g#a.> ,! MISFITS ( CAPITALISM >E CRIM9ALS2 !Y >E CONDEMN$ = BE+ UNEMPLOY$2 ! VICTIMS >E !MSELVES *>G$ = ! MIS]Y ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 9FLICTS ON !M4 ,! 0UNEMPLOY$0 ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY >E NOT SLAVES2 !Y >E /RAY ANIMALS4 

,! 0RE/RICTION ( MONOPOLIES0 ,JEFF]SON HAD ADVOCAT$ IS /ILL GIV5 LIP-S]VICE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ! =M ( ANTI-TRU/ LEGISLATION & 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 PROPAG&A1 BUT 9 PRACTICE IT IS UTT]LY DISC>D$4 ,IF ! SALESM5 ( CORPORATIONS >E TAU<T TO CLAIM !Y >E 09DIVIDUAL FREE 5T]PRIS]S10 !IR /ATUS AS S]VANTS IS NOT !REBY *ANG$4 ,GOV]NM5T DOES NOT RE/RICT BUT MAGNIFIES MONOPOLIES4 ,BO? ,LAW & ! ,(FIC]S ( ! ,LAW >E *>G$ ) ! MA9T5ANCE & PROTECTION ( CORPORATE PROP]TY1 NOT ! MA9T5ANCE & PROTECTION ( HUMAN LIFE & WELLBE+4 ,LAW1 :I* MEANS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ VIOL5CE1 PROTECTS ! =TUNATE FROM ! DEPRIV$4 0,!Y WILL BORR[ = ! NATION1 ?AT !Y MAY L5D4 ,!Y WILL (F] L5D]S GREAT PR(ITS1 ?AT !Y MAY %>E 9 !M4 ,AS GRIEVANCES GRADUALLY EXCITE NATIONAL DISCONT5T1 !Y WILL FIX ! YOKE MORE SECURELY1 BY MAK+ IT GRADUALLY HEAVI]4 ,& !Y WILL F9ALLY AV[ & MA9TA9 !IR CORRUPTION1 BY E/ABLI%+ AN IRRESI/IBLE /&+ >MY1 NOT TO DEF5D ! NATION1 BUT TO DEF5D A SY/EM = PLUND]+ ! NATION40.<#a#g#b.> ,?OSE :O GA9 FROM ! PLUND] ACQUIRE A MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( VIOL5CE & ! ?REAT ( VIOL5CE EMBODI$ 9 ,LAW1 & !Y H5CE=? EMPLOY VIOL5CE & LAW TO DEF5D !IR PLUND]4 ,9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD1 AS 9 ! OLD1 M5 >E AGA9 9/RUM5TS ( ! LAW1 NOT LAW ! 9/RUM5T ( M54 ,! PRACTITION]S (! LAW1 ! MAGI/RATES ( CAPITALISM1 MU/ BELIEVE1 AS A REQUISITE = ACCEPTANCE 9 !IR PR(ESSION1 ?AT A /ATE ( AFFAIRS !RE LAW IS ! 9/RUM5T ( ALL M5 CON/ITUTES 0*AOS0 & 0AN>*Y40 

,?US ! FIR/ & =EMO/ REQUIREM5T = A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY DOES NOT EXI/ 9 ! L& ?AT CALLS ITSELF ! WORLD'S DEF5D] ( ,DEMOCRACY1 ,FRE$OM & ,JU/ICE4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY ( PRIVILEGE1 :]E LAW CONDONES ! 5RI*M5T ( SOME AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS1 & !N PROTECTS ! RI*ES ?US ACQUIR$4 ,IT IS A SOCIETY ( MA/]S & S]VANTS ?AT DOES NOT GREATLY DIFF] FROM PREVI\S =MS ( SU* AN >RANGEM5T1 EXCEPT ?AT ! DEGREE ( 9EQUALITY IS GREAT] & ! 0RESPONSIBILITY0 ( MA/]S T[>D S]VANTS SMALL]4 ,! F>-SI<T$ ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD CLE>LY P]CEIV$ ?AT ! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? IS NO MILD SUCCESSOR TO ! >I/OCRACY ( TITLE & SUP]/ITION4 ,! NEW SY/EM IS A F> MORE EFFICI5T & F> DEADLI] ME?OD ( 5SLAV+ M5 ?AN ANY PREVI\S >I/OCRACY4 0,A NATION EXPOS$ TO A P>OXYSM ( CONQU]+ RAGE1 HAS 9F9ITELY ! ADVANTAGE ( ONE1 SUBJECT$ TO ?IS >I/OCRATICAL SY/EM4 ,ONE IS LOCAL & TEMPOR>Y2 ! O!R IS SPREAD BY LAW & P]PETUAL4 ,ONE IS AN OP5 ROBB]1 :O W>NS Y\ TO DEF5D Y\RSELF2 ! O!R A SLY ?IEF1 :O EMPTIES Y\R POCKETS UND] A PRET5SE ( PAY+ Y\R DEBTS4 ,ONE IS A PE/IL5CE1 :I* WILL 5D ( ITSELF2 ! O!R A CLIMATE DEADLY TO LIB]TY4 

0,AFT] AN 9VASION1 SUSP5D$ RI<TS MAY BE RESUM$1 RU9$ CITIES REBUILT1 & PA/ CRUELTIES =GOTT52 BUT 9 ! OPPRESSIONS ( ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 !RE CAN BE NO RESPITE2 SO LONG AS !RE IS ANY ?+ TO GET1 IT CANNOT BE GLUTT$ ) WEAL?2 SO LONG AS !RE IS ANY ?+ TO FE>1 IT CANNOT BE GLUTT$ ) P[]2 O!R TYRANTS DIE2 ?IS IS IMMORTAL4 

0,A CONQU]OR MAY HAVE CLEM5CY2 HE MAY BE G5]\S2 AT LEA/ HE IS VA91 & MAY BE S(T5$ BY FLATT]Y4 ,BUT A SY/EM F\ND$ 9 EVIL MORAL QUALITIES1 IS 9S5SIBLE TO HUMAN VIRTUES & PASSIONS1 9CAPABLE ( REMORSE1 GUID$ CON/ANTLY BY ! PR9CIPLES :I* CREAT$ IT1 & ACTS BY ! IRON 9/RUM5TS1 LAW1 >MIES & TAX GA!R]S4 ,) :AT PROSPECT ( SUCCESS1 READ]1 C\LD Y\ ADDRESS ! CLEM5CY1 G5]OSITY OR VANITY ( ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE8 ,:]E=E HAS NO ONE TRI$ ?IS HOPELESS EXP]IM5T8 ,BECAUSE CLEM5CY1 G5]OSITY & VANITY1 >E NOT AMONG ! MORAL QUALITIES :I* CON/ITUTE ! *>ACT] ( AN EVIL MORAL SY/EM4 

0,! ONLY TWO MODES EXTANT ( 5SLAV+ NATIONS1 >E ?OSE ( >MIES & ! SY/EM ( PAP] & PATRONAGE40.<#a#g#c.> 

,! RESPECTABLE EI<TE5? C5TURY PLANTATION [N] FROM ,C>OL9E ,C\NTY1 ,VIRG9IA1 AS WELL AS HIS FAM\S FRI5D ,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON1 W\LD D\BDESS BE 09VE/IGAT$10 MALIGN$ & RU9$ AS 0A!I/IC ,M>XI/ COMMUNI/ CONSPIRATORS0 BY PRES5T DAY ,AM]ICAN ,CONGRESSM54 ,TAYLOR'S BOOK WAS PUBLI%$ F\R YE>S BE=E ! BIR? ( ,K>L ,M>X4 ,& OV] F\R C5TURIES AGO1 A MAN :O WAS SANCTIFI$ 9 #aice BUT BEHEAD$ 9 #aece HAD WRITT51 0:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JU/LY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40.<#a#g#d.> 

 "9"9"9 

,JEFF]SON & ! E>LY ,AM]ICAN LIB]ALS HAD HOP$ ?AT1 ) A P>LIAM5T1 A BILL ( RI<TS1 ELECTIONS1 & UNIV]SAL $UCATION1 ! CAPITALI/ 9T]LUDE W\LD BE TEMPOR>Y1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W\LD GRADUALLY UNSEAT ! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL?1 & ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T W\LD CONT9UE4 ,BUT ,JEFF]SON & ! LIB]ALS DIDN'T %[' AS MU* DISC]NM5T AS WAS %[N BY ,?OMAS ,MORE ?REE C5TURIES E>LI]4 ,AMONG ! LIB]AL DEMOCRATS1 ONLY ,JOHN ,TAYLOR HAD SE5 CLE>LY ?AT NEI!R P>LIAM5T1 NOR BILL ( RI<TS1 NOR ELECTIONS1 NOR UNIV]SAL $UCATION1 C\LD FUNCTION = DEMOCRATIC 5DS ONCE !Y FELL TO AN >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE4 0,A GOV]NM5T1 A SECTION ( IT1 OR A MEASURE1 F\ND$ 9 AN EVIL MORAL PR9CIPLE1 SU* AS FRAUD1 AMBITION1 AV>ICE OR SUP]/ITION1 MU/ PRODUCE CORRESPOND5T EFFECTS1 & DEFEAT ! 5D ( GOV]NM5T444 ,IT IS ! SAME ?+ TO A NATION :E!R IT IS SUBJECT$ TO ! WILL ( A M9ORITY1 BY SUP]/ITION1 CONQUE/1 OR PATRONAGE & PAP]4 ,:E!R ?IS 5D IS G5]AT$ BY ]R\R1 BY =CE1 OR BY FRAUD1 ! 9T]E/ ( ! NATION IS 9V>IABLY SACRIFIC$ TO ! 9T]E/ ( ! M9ORITY40.<#a#g#e.> ,AS SOON AS 0! FEW0 ACQUIRE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL?1 P[] & PRIVILEGE1 !N $UCATION1 COMMUNICATION1 & P>TICIPATION1 ! ?REE 9/RUM5TS BY :I* M5 W]E TO MA9TA9 DEMOCRATIC JU/ICE ONCE E/ABLI%$1 BECAME CONV]T$ 9TO 9/RUM5TS BY :I* 0! MASS ( MANK9D0 >E 5?RALL$ TO WEAL?1 P[]1 & PRIVILEGE4 

,IGNORANT M5 >E ! 9/RUM5TS ( ?OSE :O HAVE ! P[] & WILL TO MANIPULATE IGNORANCE4 ,DEMOCRATS ONCE DREAM$ ( PREV5T+ SU* MANIPULATION 9 ,AM]ICA BY MEANS ( A PROGRAM ( $UCATION :I* W\LD GIVE EA* MAN A BROAD UND]/&+ ( HIS RELATIONS TO HIS FELL[ M51 HIS SOCIETY & HIS AGE1 AS WELL AS AN 9SI<T 9TO ! POSSIBILITIES ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T4 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS LUCIDLY SUMM>IZ$ ! GOALS & CONT5T ( DEMOCRATIC $UCATION3 0444TO ASSI/ 9 ! BIR? AMONG A GR\P ( PEOPLE ( ?OSE CULTURAL & POLITICAL & TE*NICAL S5SIBILITIES :I* W\LD MAKE !M G5U9E MEMB]S ( A G5U9ELY LIB]AL PUBLIC1 ?IS IS AT ONCE A TRA9+ 9 SKILLS & AN $UCATION ( VALUES4 ,IT 9CLUDES A SORT ( !RAPY 9 ! ANCI5T S5SE ( CL>IFY+ ONE'S KN[L$GE ( SELF2 IT 9CLUDES ! IMP>T+ ( ALL ?OSE SKILLS ( CONTROV]SY ) ONE'S SELF1 :I* WE CALL ?9K+ & ) O!RS1 :I* WE CALL DEBATE4 ,& ! 5D PRODUCT ( SU* LIB]AL $UCATION ( S5SIBILITIES IS SIMPLY ! SELF-$UCAT+1 SELF-CULTIVAT+ MAN OR WOMAN4 

0,! KN[L$GEABLE MAN 9 ! G5U9E PUBLIC IS ABLE TO TURN HIS P]SONAL TR\BLES 9TO SOCIAL ISSUES1 TO SEE !IR RELEVANCE = HIS COMMUNITY & HIS COMMUNITY'S RELEVANCE = !M4 ,HE UND]/&S ?AT :AT HE ?9KS & FEELS AS P]SONAL TR\BLES >E V]Y (T5 NOT ONLY ?AT BUT PROBLEMS %>$ BY O!RS & 9DE$ NOT SUBJECT TO SOLUTION BY ANY ONE 9DIVIDUAL BUT ONLY BY MODIFICATIONS ( ! /RUCTURE ( ! GR\PS 9 :I* HE LIVES & SOMETIMES ! /RUCTURE ( ! 5TIRE SOCIETY4444 

0,IT IS ! TASK ( ! LIB]AL 9/ITUTION1 AS ( ! LIB]ALLY $UCAT$ MAN1 CONT9UALLY TO TRANSLATE TR\BLES 9TO ISSUES & ISSUES 9TO ! T]MS ( !IR HUMAN MEAN+ = ! 9DIVIDUAL4444 ,9 A COMMUNITY ( PUBLICS ! TASK ( LIB]AL $UCATION W\LD BE3 TO KEEP ! PUBLIC FROM BE+ OV]:ELM$2 TO HELP PRODUCE ! DISCIPL9$ & 9=M$ M9D ?AT CANNOT BE OV]:ELM$4440.<#a#g#f.> ,)\T SU* A PROGRAM1 M5 WILL BE OV]:ELM$4 0,IF A NATION EXPECTS TO BE IGNORANT & FREE1 9 A /ATE ( CIVILIZATION1 IT EXPECTS :AT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE40.<#a#g#g.> 

,! MO/ COMMON TYPE ( IGNORANCE IS TRA9$ IGNORANCE4 ,& 9 ! SOCIETY RUL$ BY ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE1 $UCADON1 ! PRIME 9/RUM5T = HUMAN 5LI<T5M5T & LIB]ATION1 BECOMES A HI<LY REF9$ ME?OD ( 9CULCAT+ DELUSIONS4 ,! 9TELLIG5T PUBLIC IS REPLAC$ BY ! IGNORANT MASS4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ TAU<T TO UND]/& !IR RELATIONS TO !IR SITUATION1 M5 >E NURTUR$ ON F> FET*$ DELUSIONS & DISCIPL9$ 9 M9UTE TE*NIQUES4 ,! RESULT IS A SOCIETY :]E M5 HAVE 9F9ITE KN[L$GE AB\T AN 9F9ITESIMAL TASK :I* O!R M5 CANNOT UND]/&1 & VAGUE1 MEAN+LESS PLATITUDES AB\T ! PROBLEMS & CONC]NS M5 HAVE 9 COMMON4 ,! RESULT IS A MASS SOCIETY :]E EA* SIL5TLY FULFILLS HIS APPO9T$ TASK ) UTMO/ PRECISION1 BUT CANNOT UND]/& HIS TASK1 CANNOT CONTROL IT1 & CANNOT COMMUNICATE ?IS FACT TO O!R M54 ,! RESULT IS A RATIONALLY CREAT$ SOCIETY 9 :I* REASON & ?\<T >E SUP]FLU\S & IRRELEVANT-- AS SUP]FLU\S AS W\LD BE IDEAS & ?\<T 9 ANIMALS :O C\LD NOT COMMUNICATE !M OR 9 ANY WAY 9DICATE !Y HAD !M4 ,9 ?IS PROCESS ( 0MASSIFICATION0 M5 BECOME SOME?+ LESS ?AN HUMAN3 !Y BECOME OBJECTS3 !IR ONLY SPECIFICALLY HUMAN POSSESSION BECOMES ! MASS ?\<T1 ! MASS DELUSION4 0,RI<T Y\ >E IF Y\ ?9K Y\ >E10 WROTE ! PLAYWRI<T ,LUIGI ,PIR&ELLO4 ,?IS DOCTR9E HAS BECOME ! C5TRAL PR9CIPLE ( ,AM]ICAN P$AGOGY4 ,EA* P]SON IS BR\<T UP ON A FALSE IMAGE ( ! ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY1 AN IMAGE 9 :I* POLITICAL ACTIVITY IS 9 ! H&S ( 9DEP5D5T & RESPONSIBLE ELECT$ (FICIALS1 & ! ECONOMY IS 9 ! H&S ( SMALL 5T]PRIS+ BUS9ESSM54 ,! IMAGE DOES NOT DESCRIBE ANY?+ ) :I* PEOPLE >E FAMILI>1 YET ! IMAGE CANNOT BE *ALL5G$4 ,= AN OIL WORK] :OSE MA*9ES & TOOLS >E SO IMM$IATE & REAL1 ! CORPORATIONS & ! PR(ITS >E H>D TO GRASP & BE/ =GOTT52 SURELY IF MULTI-BILLION DOLL> CORPORATIONS & RI* M5 :OSE PR(ITS COME 9 MILLIONS REALLY EXI/$1 ?IS FACT W\LD HAVE BE5 M5TION$ 9 ! S*OOLBOOKS1 IT W\LD APPE> 9 ! NEWSPAP]S4 ,= A /UD5T ( ECONOMICS :O CONFRONTS BOOKS ?AT CONSI/5TLY DRAW ! SAME F9ELY-DETAIL$ PICTURE & PR(ESSORS :O CONSI/5TLY EXP\ND ! SAME REALITY !RE CAN ONLY BE ONE IMAGE2 C\LD SECTIONS ( LIBR>IES & FACULTIES ( TEA*]S ALL BE DEVOT$ TO DESCRIB+ :AT HAS NEV] EXI/$8 ,! 9HABITANTS ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY C\LD NEI!R JU/IFY NOR DEF5D ! CORPORATE SOCIETY BECAUSE !Y DO NOT KN[ !Y LIVE 9 IT4 ,! IMAGE DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO ANY SOCIETY1 & HAS NO?+ TO DO ) CORPORATE CAPITALISM4 ,! IMAGE IS BAS$ ON :AT ,M>X CALL$ A FALSE CONSCI\SNESS4 

,)9 ,PIR&ELLO'S MORAL FRAMEWORK1 A FALSE CONSCI\SNESS IS EV]YONE'S PRIVILEGE1 PROVID$ ! DELUSION IS ONE'S [N4 ,H[EV]1 9 ! CORPORATE MASS SOCIETY1 A PRIVATE FALSE CONSCI\SNESS IS /ILL AS UNRESPECTABLE AS IT WAS 9 ,PIR&ELLO'S DAY4 ,PSY*OTICS >E /ILL TAK5 TO 9/ITUTIONS1 & EF=TS >E /ILL MADE TO 0CORRECT0 !IR M5TAL IMAGE SO IT WILL CORRESPOND ) A POPUL>LY ACCEPT$ 0REALITY40 ,UNLIKE ,PIR&ELLIAN DELUSIONS1 ! IDEOLOGY ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS NOT A SELF-9DUC$ PRIVATE DELUSION4 ,IT IS A SOCIALLY 9DUC$ MASS DELUSION4 ,! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,MASSES IS A SY/EMATICALLY MANIPULAT$ CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! MANIPULATION ( ! HUMAN M9D IS A TE*NIQUE ?AT ,HITL] LE>N$ FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES--HE WAS AN AVID /UD5T ( ,AM]ICAN 0$UCATION0 BY MEANS ( ,ADV]TIS+ & ,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS4 ,IT IS ?IS MANIPULATION ( CONSCI\SNESS1 ! TRA9+ ( ! HUMAN M9D & SPIRIT 9TO ONE SY/EM ( IDEAS & DESIRES1 ?AT CONV]TS PEOPLE 9TO 0MASSES40 

,! CORPORATE SOCIETY IS AGA9 A SOCIETY ( >I/OCRATS :O WA/E O!R M5'S LABOR ON ELABORATE1 TA/ELESS MONUM5TS TO !IR WEAL?1 ON VA/ HI]>*IES ( FIL+ EXP]TS & S]VILE P>ASITES1 ON ! BIGGE/ & UGLIE/ >S5AL ( DEA?-WEAPONS 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,IT IS AGA9 A SOCIETY ( SOLDI]S :OSE SOLE FUNCTION IS TO MURD] & DE/ROY :AT O!R M5 BUILD4 ,IT IS AGA9 A SOCIETY ( PRIE/S4 ,W9/ANLEY HAD ONCE URG$ ?AT PRIE/S BE TURN$ TO S*OOLMA/]S1 ?AT !Y TEA* M5 AB\T ! WORLD !Y LIVE 91 AB\T HUMAN HI/ORY1 AB\T ! LAWS & DIV]SITY ( NATURE4 ,BUT 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ! S*OOLMA/]S >E PRIE/S AGA91 & !Y AGA9 0MAKE S]MONS TO PLEASE ! SICKLY M9DS ( IGNORANT PEOPLES1 TO PRES]VE !IR [N RI*ES & E/EEM AMONG A *>M$1 BEFOOL$1 & BESOTT$ PEOPLE40.<#a#g#h.> ,M5'S RELATIONS TO !IR FELL[S1 !IR SOCIETY1 !IR AGE1 >E AGA9 COV]$ BY IMP5ETRABLE MI/1 & M5 >E DRILL$ 9 BL9D FAI?1 POLITICAL 9COMPET5CE1 & VOCATIONAL EXP]TIZE4 ,! PROGRAM ?AT WAS TO 0PRODUCE ! DISCIPL9$ & 9=M$ M9D ?AT CANNOT BE OV]:ELM$0 IS REPLAC$ BY A SY/EMATIC RAPE ( ! HUMAN M9D DESIGN$ TO YIELD PLIANT1 OB$I5T 0EMPLOYES0 :O >E 0GOOD CITIZ5S0 :5 !Y KN[ !IR 0PLACE40 ,! LIB]AT+ $UCATION 5VISAG$ BY DEMOCRATS WAS NOT GIV5 A *ANCE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,AS ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS PO9TS \T1 0! FUNCTION ( $UCATION %IFT$ FROM ! POLITICAL TO ! ECONOMIC3 TO TRA9 PEOPLE = BETT]-PAY+ JOBS & ?US TO GET AHEAD4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE ( ! HI< S*OOL MOVEM5T1 :I* HAS MET ! BUS9ESS DEM&S = :ITE-COLL> SKILLS AT ! PUBLIC'S EXP5SE4 ,9 L>GE P>T $UCATION HAS BECOME M]ELY VOCATIONAL2 9 SO F> AS ITS POLITICAL TASK IS CONC]N$1 ?AT HAS BE5 R$UC$ TO A R\T9E TRA9+ ( NATIONALI/ LOYALTIES40.<#a#g#i.> 

,! DEMOCRATIC LIB]ALS :O HOP$ ?AT $UCATION MI<T 9 TIME LIB]ATE M5 FROM ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE W]E NOT V]Y DISC]N+4 ,IF AN $UCATIONAL PROGRAM IS IMPLEM5T$ & PAID = BY CAPITALI/S1 IT WILL REFLECT ! 9T]E/S ( CAPITALI/S4 ,IT IS NOT TO ! 9T]E/ ( AN >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? TO LET M5 BE TAU<T 9DEP5D5CE ( M9D1 = SU* TEA*+ W\LD UND]M9E M5'S ADH]5CE TO A SY/EM :I* TREATS ! E>? & ITS 9HABITANTS AS ! 0PRIVATE PROP]TY0 ( A FEW2 SU* TEA*+ MI<T LEAD M5 TO REALIZE ?AT 0PRIVATE PROP]TY0 IS NOT A LAW ( NATURE BUT A HUMAN CONV5TION1 & AS A CONV5TION IT CAN BE OV]?R[N4 ,CAPITALI/S >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 A NATION ( M5 :O 0CANNOT BE OV]:ELM$20 !Y >E 9T]E/$ 9 0EMPLOY+10 9 US+ MAT]IALS & M5 9 ORD] TO ACCUMULATE PRIVATE WEAL?4 ,AN $UCATIONAL SY/EM SUPPORT$ BY 0EMPLOY]S0 WILL BE DESIGN$ TO YIELD EMPLOYABLE M54 ,! CONT5T ( SU* A PROGRAM WILL BE LOYALTY1 OB$I5CE1 & VOCATIONAL TRA9+4 ,M5 :O >E DISCIPL9$ 9 POLITICAL 9COMPET5CE & VOCATIONAL PR(ICI5CY CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$ TO REJECT !IR MA/]S & CONT9UE A LONG =GOTT5 DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T4 

,P]HAPS ! GREATE/ TRIUMPH ( ,AM]ICAN 0$UCATION0 IS ! 9CR$IBLE SUCCESS ) :I* IT HAS EQUAT$ VOCATIONAL S5ILITY1 POLITICAL IGNORANCE & NATIONALI/ LOYALTY4 ,! 0F9I%$ PRODUCT0 ( ?IS $UCATIONAL FACTORY IS A MAN :O >D5TLY BELIEVES ?AT S]VILITY IS FRE$OM1 IGNORANCE IS /R5G?1 W> IS PEACE1 & CAPITALISM IS DEMOCRACY4 ,AS AN >TICLE 9 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW REM>K$1 0ALL !SE BLUBB]+ PROTE/ATIONS ( LOVE = DEMOCRACY1 & ALL ?IS TREMBL+ SOLICITUDE = H] SAFETY & HAPP9ESS1 W\LD SEEM TO BE DIE P]FECT /RATEGY = ?OSE :O >E DET]M9$ TO P]PETUATE CAPITALISM BUT :O PRES5TLY PREF] TO P]PETUATE IT UND] COV] ( A READY-MADE NATIONAL DELUSION ?AT ,FREE ,5T]PRISE1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY1 ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE1 ,DEMOCRACY >E ALL ONE & ! SAME ?+--9SEP>ABLE1 9DI/+UI%ABLE1 & 9DISSOLUBLE4 

0,IT'S AMUS+ H[ MO/ APOLOGI/S = CAPITALISM %Y >\ND ! USE ( ! WORD 9 PUBLIC2 ALMO/ 9V>IABLY !Y DRAW ON !IR /OCK ( %OPWORN & PHONY EUPHEMISMS4 ,! /OCK ITSELF HAS BECOME A GLUT9\S NATIONALI/IC COMPLEX 9 :I* ! PHRASE1 0,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE10 IS DESIGN$ TO C>RY T5D] UND]TONES SUGGE/+ MEMORIES ( ,HOME1 ,MO!R1 ,SANTA ,CLAUS1 ! ,FAMILY ,BIBLE1 ,?ANKSGIV+ ,TURKEY1 ! #a' ,SMIMM9' ,HOLE1 & ?OSE FONDLY-REMEMB]$ FRE$OMS ( B>EFOOT BOYHOOD4 .<,?US !.> WIDE-SPREAD DELUSION AMONG ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE ?AT WE ALREADY HAVE DEMOCRACY 9 ?IS C\NTRY--EV5 A SURPLUS = EXPORT TO ! BACKW>D NATIONS40.<#a#h.> 

,! SY/EMATIC 9CULCATION ( ! GR& NATIONALI/IC DELUSION :I* HIDES ! CORPORATE REALITY IS NOT CONF9$ TO ! 0ORD9>Y MAN0 NOR TO ! 0L[] S*OOLS40 ,! ,IVORY ,T[]S ( ,AM]ICAN 0HI<] $UCATION0 HAVE BECOME AS DIVORC$ FROM ! WE/]N HUMANI/ TRADITION AS ! 0L[] S*OOLS40 ,H>VEY ,O',CONNOR HAS DESCRIB$ SOME ( ! ,SAVANTS :O RULE OV] ,AM]ICAN ,HI<] ,$UCATION4 0,:ILE ,COLUMBIA'S LOSS ( ITS PRESID5T1 ,DWI<T ,D4 ,EIS5H[]1 WAS ! OIL 9DU/RY'S GA9 :5 HE CAMPAIGN$ AGA9/ F$]AL [N]%IP ( ! (F%ORE OIL L&1 ! GREAT UNIV]SITY LO/ LITTLE 9 ITS UND]/&+ ( ! 9DU/RY'S PROBLEMS4 ,EIS5H[] WAS SUCCE$$ BY ,DR4 ,GRAYSON ,KIRK1 A DIRECTOR ( ,SOCONV-,VACUUM4 ,DR4 ,KIRK ANN\NC$1 AFT] HIS ELEVATION1 ?AT HE SAW NO 9COMPATIBILITY 9 HOLD+ ! TWO PO/S4 ,SOON !REAFT] ,C\RTNEY ,C4 ,BR[N1 9 *>GE ( ,/&>D ( ,NEW ,J]SEY'S HI<] PUBLIC RELATIONS1 WAS NAM$ DEAN ( ,COLUMBIA'S ,GRADUATE ,S*OOL ( ,BUS9ESS40.<#a#h#a.> ,& TO MAKE D\BLY SURE ?AT /UD5TS DON'T BECOME TOO CURI\S AB\T ! DETAILS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 & CONSUMPTION1 ! CORPORATIONS SUPPORT AB\T A F\R? ( UNIV]SITY RESE>*1 MO/ ( ! RE/ BE+ SUPPORT$ BY ! MILIT>Y4 ,?AT IS1 ! CORPORATIONS GET ! CR$IT = SUPPORT+ UNIV]SITY RESE>*4 ,ACTUALLY ALMO/ ALL ( ! FUNDS !Y 0GIVE0 >E TAX D$UCTIBLE4.<#a#h#b.> ,! EFFECT IS ?AT TAX-PAY]S SUPPORT ! RESE>*1 :ILE CORPORATIONS GET ! P[] TO DICTATE1 OV]TLY OR SUBTLY1 ! PURPOSE & DIRECTION ( ! RESE>*4 ,ACADEMIC ,FRE$OM ,WEEK IS YE>LY CELEBRAT$ ON ,AM]ICAN CAMPUSES4 ,:ATEV] MAY HAVE BE5 ! NOBLE OR IGNOBLE PURPOSES ( UNIV]SITIES 9 O!R TIMES & PLACES1 ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES >E = ! TRA9+ ( CORPORATION MANAG]S1 MILIT>Y EXP]TS1 M9D MANIPULATORS4 ,& :5 LIT]ATURE PR(ESSORS TRA9 ! ATT5TION ( !IR /UD5TS AWAY FROM ! CONT5T ( A LIT]>Y WORK TO ITS =M1 & PHILOSOPHY PR(ESSORS TEA* ?AT ! ANALYSIS ( MAN'S WORLD MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY ! ANALYSIS ( MAN'S WORDS1 !Y TOO JO9 ! ,AM]ICANI/ B&WAGON & EFFECTIVELY PREV5T ANY MESSAGE FROM 5T]+ ! /UD5T'S CONSCI\SNESS :I* WILL CONFLICT ) ! CORPORATE MESSAGE4 

,! CONSEQU5CE IS ?AT CL>ITY ( ?\<T & P[] ( IMAG9ATION >E NOT AMONG ! /RONG PO9TS ( A ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-$UCAT$ MAN4 ,! 9TELLECT-TE*NICIANS1 ! SO-CALL$ 09TELLECTUALS0 ( ,AM]ICA1 EXP]TS ( A M9UTE FRAGM5T ( A 0FIELD10 >E IGNORANT ( ALL O!R 0FIELDS0 AS WELL AS ( ! 9T]RELATIONS & VALUES ( ! 0FIELDS02 YET AT ! SAME TIME !SE 9TELLECT-TE*NICIANS >E CONDESC5D+LY CYNICAL ( ?\<T :I* RELATES MAN TO A L>G] /RUCTURE ?AN ! FRAGM5T ( A 0FIELD40 ,) A CYNICISM GR\ND$ ON IGNORANCE & B>ELY MASK+ A DESIRE TO CON=M TO ! PREVAL5T IDEOLOGY1 ! 9TELLECT-TE*NICIANS CAN GU>D !IR POSITIONS ONLY ) CONTEMPT & DEF5D !IR POSITIONS ONLY ) /]EOTYPES4 ,! 0LIT]>Y M50 D]IVE SUP]IORITY BY DISMISS+ ) CONTEMPT ! 5G9E]S & MANUAL WORK]S :O DO NOT KN[ ! DATE ( ,M>L[E'S DEA?1 & !Y DISMISS SOCIALLY RELEVANT >T BY /]EOTYP+ IT 0SOCIOLOGY0--& 0SOCIOLOGY10 TO !SE LATT] DAY 0LIT]>Y EXP]TS10 HAS ! SAME CONNOTATIONS ?AT 0DIABOLISM0 HAD = A M$IEVAL PRIE/4 0,SOCIOLOGI/S0 REACT 9 K9D1 BY DISMISS+ ANY /UDIES :I* GO BEYOND ! /ATI/ICAL TABULATION ( ! REACTIONS ( #egbc F>M]S TO A MANURE PILE 9 ,NOR!RN ,MI*IGAN AS 0>T1 NOT SCI5CE40 ,! 0POLITICAL SCI5TI/0 IS EXP]T 9 CONV]T+ POLITICAL PROBLEMS 9TO ADM9I/RATIVE PROBLEMS & ADEPT AT TREAT+ HUMAN BE+S AS MAT]IAL = CORPORATE MANAGEM5T4 ,! 0>*ITECT0 IS AN EXP]T 9 ! MAXIMIZATION ( RETURNS & ! M9IMIZATION ( CO/S1 & TO HIM ! PROPOSITION ?AT BUILD+S >E = HUMAN BE+S TO LIVE & WORK 9 IS AS EXOTIC & IRRELEVANT AS ! CLAIM ?AT !RE >E C[S ON ! MOON4 ,EA* IS AN EXP]T 9 HIS FIELD & AN IGNORAMUS 9 ! HUMAN CONSEQU5CES ( HIS 0FIELD40 ,AM]ICAN PHYSICI/S :O PLIANTLY LET !MSELVES BE US$ = ! MANUFACTURE ( WEAPONS ( G5OCIDE HAVE %AMELESSLY ADV]TIS$ ! 9HUMAN LOGIC ( EXP]TIZE3 ',S9CE WE >E EXP]TS 9 ! >TS ( ANNIHILATION1 & BABOONS 9 ! >TS ( LIFE1 WE WILL DEVOTE \RSELVES TO ! CREATION ( G5OCIDAL WEAPONS1 & WILL LEAVE ! CONSEQU5CES TO ?OSE :O >E 9 ! FIELDS ?AT HAVE TO DO ) ! PRES]VATION ( LIFE4' ,UN=TUNATELY1 !RE >E NO 0FIELDS0 ?AT HAVE TO DO ) HUMAN LIFE1 BECAUSE SU* ACTIVITY W\LD HAVE TO TRANSC5D ALL 0FIELDS10 & 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY ! ONLY ACTIVITY ?AT TRANSC5DS ALL 0FIELDS0 IS ! ACCUMULATION ( PR(ITS BY ! CORPORATE MA/]S4 ,LIFE IS NOT ! GOAL BUT ! VICTIM ( CAPITALISM4 ,A SATIRICAL PORTRAIT ( EXP]TS1 :I* ,H4 ,G4 ,WELLS1 HALF A C5TURY AGO1 LOCAT$ ON ! MOON1 IS UN=TUNATELY NO LONG] SATIRICAL1 NOR IS IT ON ! MOON4 ,! ,SEL5ITES DIFF] LITTLE1 & !N MA9LY 9 APPE>ANCE1 FROM ! ALL-TOO-FA9ILI> PRES5T DAY 0M50 BEL[ ! MOON4 0,9 ! ,MOON1 EV]Y CITIZ5 KN[S HIS PLACE4 ,HE IS BOM TO ?AT PLACE1 & ! ELABORATE DISCIPL9E ( TRA9+ & $UCATION & SURG]Y HE UND]GOES FITS HIM AT LA/ SO COMPLETELY TO IT ?AT HE HAS NEI!R IDEAS NOR ORGANS = ANY PURPOSE BEH9D IT4 ,IF1 = EXAMPLE1 A ,SEL5ITE IS DE/9$ TO BE A MA!MATICIAN1 HIS TEA*]S & TRA9]S SET \T AT ONCE TO ?AT 5D4 ,!Y *ECK ANY 9CIPI5T DISPOSITION TO O!R PURSUITS1 !Y 5C\RAGE HIS MA!MATICAL BIAS ) A P]FECT PSY*OLOGICAL SKILL4 ,HIS BRA9 GR[S1 OR AT LEA/ ! MA!MATICAL FACULTIES ( HIS BRA9 GR[1 & ! RE/ ( HIM ONLY SO MU* AS IS NECESS>Y TO SU/A9 ! ESS5TIAL P>T ( HIM4444 ,HIS BRA9 GR[S CONT9UALLY L>G]1 AT LEA/ SO F> AS ! PORTIONS 5GAG+ 9 MA!MATICS >E CONC]N$2 !Y BULGE EV] L>G] & SEEM TO SUCK ALL LIFE & VIGOR FROM ! RE/ ( HIS FRAME4 ,HIS LIMBS %RIVEL1 HIS HE>T & DIGE/IVE ORGANS DIM9I%1 HIS 9SECT FACE IS HIDD5 UND] ITS BULG+ CONT\RS4 ,HIS VOICE BECOMES A M]E /RIDULATION = ! /AT+ ( =MULAS2 HE SEEMS DEAF TO ALL BUT PROP]LY 5UNCIAT$ PROBLEMS4 ,! FACULTY ( LAU<T]1 SAVE = ! SUDD5 DISCOV]Y ( SOME P>ADOX1 IS LO/ TO HIM2 HIS DEEPE/ EMOTION IS ! EVOLUTION ( A NOVEL COMPUTATION4444 

0,OR1 AGA91 A ,SEL5ITE APPO9T$ TO BE A M9D] ( MOONCALVES IS FROM HIS E>LIE/ YE>S 9DUC$ TO ?9K & LIVE MOONCALF1 TO F9D HIS PLEASURE 9 MOONCALF LORE1 HIS EX]CISE 9 !IR T5D+ & PURSUIT4444 ,& SO IT IS ) ALL SORTS & CONDITIONS ( ,SEL5ITES--EA* A P]FECT UNITY 9 A WORLD MA*9E4444 

0,!Y DIFF]$ 9 %APE1 !Y DIFF]$ 9 SIZE1 !Y RANG ALL ! HORRIBLE *ANGES ON ! !ME ( ,SEL5ITE =M4 ,SOME BULG$ & OV]HUNG1 SOME RAN AB\T AMONG ! FEET ( !IR FELL[S4 ,ALL ( !M HAD A GROTESQUE & DISQUIET+ SUGGE/ION ( AN 9SECT ?AT HAS SOMEH[ CONTRIV$ TO MOCK HUMANITY2 BUT ALL SEEM$ TO PRES5T AN 9CR$IBLE EXAGG]ATION ( SOME P>TICUL> FEATURE4440.<#a#h#c.> 

,IF RADICALS ONCE DREAM$ ?AT $UCATION W\LD LIB]ATE M5 BY GIV+ !M AN 9SI<T 9TO ! POT5TIALITIES ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 ?IS IS ONCE MORE ! DREAM ( RADICALS4 ,$UCATION IS US$ TO TRA9 M5 TO S]VE A SOCIETY ?AT DOES NOT S]VE HUMAN 5DS4 ,= M5 9DOCTR9AT$ 9TO ,\R ,WAY ( ,LIFE1 !RE >E NO POT5TIALITIES BEYOND ! OB$I5T COMPLIANCE TO CORPORATION DEM&S4 ,= M5 :O SURR5D] !IR M9DS1 TIME & LABOR TO ! G5OCIDAL >S5AL ?AT CALLS ITSELF ! ,GU>DIAN ( ,HUMAN ,DIGNITY1 !RE CAN BE NEI!R IDEALS NOR POT5TIALITIES2 ! METAPHYSICAL \T] B\ND>IES ( !IR WORLD >E PR(IT1 PRODUCTION1 & M>KET+4 ,HUMAN IDEALS CANNOT BE S]V$ BY ! PURSUIT ( AN 9HUMAN 5D ?AT LEAVES A TRA9 ( DI/ORT$ SUB-HUMAN VICTIMS BEH9D L(TY PROCLAMATIONS4 

 "9"9"9 

,! ,NEW ,WORLD DID NOT BECOME KN[N EI!R = ITS EQUALITY OR ITS $UCATION1 EI!R = ITS ,JU/ICE OR ITS ,KN[L$GE4 ,! DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM ( ONGO+ AGR>IAN RE=M :I* WAS TO BR+ ALL M5 EQUALITY1 P[] & 9FLU5CE1 WAS REPLAC$ BY A MONEY$ >I/OCRACY ) A GREAT] CONC5TRATION ( WEAL?1 P[] & 9FLU5CE ?AN HAD BE5 HELD BY ANY PREVI\S >I/OCRACY4 ,! DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM ( $UCATION WAS TO GIVE M5 9SI<T & UND]/&+ ( ! SOCIETY 9TO :I* !Y >E BOM & DID NOT MAKE1 & ?US TO GIVE M5 KN[L$GE ( ! MEANS BY :I* !Y CAN *ANGE !IR SOCIETY &1 IF !Y F9D IT UNACCEPTABLE1 0TO ABOLI% IT1 & TO 9/ITUTE A NEW GOV]NM5T1 LAY+ ITS F\NDATION ON SU* PR9CIPLES1 & ORGANIZ+ ITS P[]S 9 SU* =M1 AS TO !M %ALL SEEM MO/ LIKELY TO EFFECT !IR SAFETY & HAPP9ESS40.<#a#h#d.> ,BUT 9/EAD1 $UCATION WAS FITT$ TO ! NE$S1 NOT ( SOCIETY1 BUT ( ! >I/OCRACY1 & M5 W]E 0$UCAT$0 TO BE LOYAL & DILIG5T S]VANTS ( CAPITALI/ 0BOSSES40 

,! LIB]AL DEMOCRATS ( #a<h HAD SWALL[$ !IR OBJECTIONS TO ! ,CON/ITUTION :5 !Y W]E PROMIS$ A BILL ( RI<TS4 ,! ,BILL ( ,RI<TS WAS APP5D$ TO ! ,CON/ITUTION1 & IS /ILL !RE4 ,ON ?IS ,BILL1 :I* WAS ADD$ AS AN AFT]?\<T BY SECURITY-HOLD]S ANXI\S TO COLLECT !IR =TUNES1 RE/S ! 5TIRE CASE ( ,AM]ICAN 0CIVIL LIB]TIES40 ,& YET1 IF !RE IS NO SOCIAL JU/ICE1 IF M5 >E NEI!R TAU<T ! MEAN+ ( HUMAN EQUALITY NOR $UCAT$ 9 ! MEANS ( 9/ITUT+ IT1 SU* A BILL ( RI<TS CAN NEV] BE MORE ?AN AN AFT]?\<T4 

,! FIR/ AM5DM5T SAYS1 0,CONGRESS %ALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECT+ AN E/ABLI%M5T ( RELIGION1 OR PROHIBIT+ ! FREE EX]CISE !RE(2 OR ABRIDG+ ! FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 OR ( ! PRESS2 OR ! RI<T ( ! PEOPLE PEACEABLY TO ASSEMBLE1 & TO PETITION ! GOV]NM5T = A R$RESS ( GRIEVANCES40.<#a#h#e.> ,BUT ,CONGRESS NE$ MAKE NO LAW RESPECT+ OR PROHIBIT+ ANY ( !SE ?+S IF ! >I/OCRACY ( PAP] & PATRONAGE EX]TS A PROHIBITIVE CONTROL OV] !M4 ,?US ONLY ONE PAN ( ! FIR/ ,AM5DM5T WAS REALIZ$1 & ?AT WAS ! PROVISION = ! 0FREE EX]CISE0 ( RELIGION OR IRRELIGION4 ,& ?IS IS UND\BT$LY A GREAT ACLIIEVEM5T--= ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 NO RELIGI\S W>S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 NOR MASS P]SECUTIONS ( RELIGI\S M9ORITIES4 ,H[EV]1 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY SAW NO MORE RELIGI\S W>S W]E 9 ,EUROPE EI!R1 = BY ?AT TIME ! TYPE ( RELIGI\S 9TOL]ANCE = :I* ,EUROPE WILL =EV] BE REMEMB]$ HAD1 BY & L>GE1 DECL9$ 7UNTIL ! TW5TIE? C5TURY REVIVAL ( RELIGI\S P]SECUTION 9 ,NAZI ,G]MANY74 ,AM]ICAN A*IEVEM5TS 9 (FICIAL RELIGI\S TOL]ANCE %\LD NOT BE UND]E/IMAT$1 BUT ! UN(FICIAL SURVIVAL ( ,AM]ICAN RELIGI\S BIGOTRY %\LD NOT BE =GOTT54 ,:AT IS MORE1 ! HATR$ WAS NOT REMOV$ BUT TRANSF]R$3 ! RACIAL BIGOTRY' ( ,AM]ICANS1 LEGALIZ$ 9 MANY /ATES1 HAS BE5 SURPASS$ ONLY BY ! B>B>IANS ( ,NAZI ,G]MANY & ! ,EUROPEAN M>AUD]S ( ,AFRICA4 

,IT WAS ! PROVISION = UNTRAMMEL$ COMMUNICATION1 WRITT5 9TO ! ,BILL ( ,RI<TS AS FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS1 ?AT GAVE HOPE TO ! DEMOCRATS & PROMISE TO ,AM]ICA4 ,EV5 IF SECURITY-HOLD]S CON/ITUT$ ! GOV]NM5T1 EV5 IF $UCATION WAS CONTROLL$ BY ! RI*1 C\LD NOT AN ATMOSPH]E ( FREE DISCUSSION UNSEAT ! >I/OCRATS 9 P[] & 5ABLE ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T TO CONT9UE8 ,JEFF]SON EXPRESS$ SU* A HOPE4 0,NO EXP]IM5T CAN BE MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN ?AT WE >E N[ TRY+1 :I* WE TRU/ WILL 5D 9 E/ABLI%+ ! FACT ?AT MAN MAY BE GOV]N$ BY REASON & TRU?4 ,\R FIR/ OBJECT %\LD !RE=E BE TO LEAVE OP5 TO HIM ALL ! AV5UES ( TRU?4 ,! MO/ EFFECTUAL HI!RTO F\ND IS ! FRE$OM ( ! PRESS40.<#a#h#f.> ,H[EV]1 IF 0! AV5UES ( TRU?0 >E CLOGG$1 IF ! PUBLIC IS UN$UCAT$1 OR RA!R DIS-$UCAT$ 9TO IGNORANCE1 M$IOCRITY & S]VILITY1 AS WELL AS UN9=M$ OR MIS9=M$ BY ! PRESS1 !N ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T CANNOT CONT9UE1 = !RE WILL BE NO DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC TO EFFECT IT4 0,IF A NATION EXPECTS TO BE IGNORANT & FREE1 9 A /ATE ( CIVILIZATION1 IT EXPECTS :AT NEV] WAS & NEV] WILL BE40.<#a#h#g.> 

,TO EI<TE5? C5TURY DEMOCRATS1 FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS MEANT ?AT ALL ! 0AV5UES ( TRU?10 ! M$IA ( COMMUNICATION1 W\LD BE FREE--OP5 & AVAILABLE--TO ALL M52 NOT 0FREE0 = SOME & CLOS$ TO O!RS4 ,CLE>LY1 A PRESS ?AT IS 0FREE0 ONLY = ?OSE :O HAVE ! P[] TO CONTROL IT IS NOT A FREE PRESS4 ,! K+S & TYRANTS ( ,EUROPE1 ! WEAL?Y NOBLEM5 ( ,5GL&1 ! ,CZ>S ( ,RUSSIA1 HAD ALWAYS BE5 0FREE0 TO EXPRESS !MSELVES AS !Y SAW FIT4 ,BUT IF ! PRESS IS OP5 ONLY TO ! APOLOGI/S = ,CZ>I/ OPPRESSION1 & CLOS$ TO ?OSE :O WANT TO ABOLI% ,CZ>I/ OPPRESSION1 IT IS NOT A FREE PRESS--IT IS PRECISELY ! CLOGG$ TYPE ( PRESS ! DEMOCRATIC EXP]IM5T WAS TO ABOLI% FROM ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 

,DEMOCRATS REJECT$ ! SPECIES ( COMMUNICATION :]E A FEW M5 SPEAK & ! RE/ M]ELY LI/54 ,DEMOCRACY MEANT ?AT EA* W\LD HAVE ACCESS TO ! E>S ( ALL4 ,EA* MAN'S WRITT5 ?\<TS W\LD BE AS PROM95TLY DI/RIBUT$ & AS WIDELY AVAILABLE AS ANY O!R MAN'S4 ,! PRESS W\LD BE OP5 TO EV]Y MAN :O C\LD EXPRESS HIMSELF TRU?FULLY & COH]5TLY4 ,TO BE AVAILABLE TO ALL1 ! PRESS MU/ BE SUPPORT$ BY ALL4 ,& IF ! PRESS IS SOCIALLY SUPPORT$1 ?IS MEANS ?AT NO MAN & NO GR\P ( M5 CAN HAVE MONOPOLY OV] IT4 ,IF ! PRESS IS SOCIALLY SUPPORT$ & FREELY AVAILABLE TO ALL1 IT OBVI\SLY CANNOT BE B\<T4 ,IF ! PRESS CAN BE B\<T1 IT WILL BE B\<T BY ?OSE :O CAN BE/ AF=D TO BUY IT1 & WILL BE MO/ READILY AVAILABLE TO ?OSE :O HAVE A LOT ( MONEY2 SU* A PRESS WILL NOT BE EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO ALL M54 

,:]E !RE'S FRE$OM ( SPEE* & FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 !RE CANNOT BE 0DANG]\S IDEAS40 ,!RE CAN BE IMAG9ATIVE & UNIMAG9ATIVE1 ORIG9AL & TRITE IDEAS1 BUT NO 0DANG]\S0 ONES4 ,! ADVOCACY ( PUBLIC SABOTAGE1 MIS]Y & OPPRESSION = ! SAKE ( PRIVATE AGGR&IZEM5T & P[] IS DANG]\S1 BUT IT IS NOT AN IDEA4 ,9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 ! MAN :O ADVOCATES P]SONAL GA9 AT PUBLIC EXP5SE W\LD BE GREET$ AS A LUNATIC1 S9CE HE EXPRESSES1 NOT REASON$ CONCLUSIONS1 BUT AN IRRATIONAL WILL TO DOM9ATE OV] & 5?RALL$ O!R M5--SU* A MAN EXPRESSES ! TYPE ( IRRATIONALISM :I* TW5TIE? C5TURY ,FREUDIAN ,PSY*OANALY/S >E FRANTICALLY TRY+ TO JU/IFY4 ,FRAUD1 SL&] & DECEPTION >E NOT IDEAS1 & A WELL-9=M$1 WELL-$UCAT$ DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY HAD BE/ GREET !M ) 9DIFF]5CE4 ,EXCESSIVE PUNI%M5T ( ! P]PETRATORS ( FRAUD & DECEPTION 9V>IABLY DOES MORE H>M ?AN GOOD1 S9CE PUNI%M5T IS NEXT ( K9 TO OPPRESSION1 & ONCE ! SPREAD+ CIRCLE ( OPPRESSION IS IRJV5 A FOO?OLD1 IT SWELLS LIKE A CANC] & OV]RUNS ALL ( A SOCIETY'S 9/ITUTIONS4 ,FRAUD & DECEPTION ?RIVE ON IGNORANCE2 TO COPE ) !M1 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY W\LD SEEK1 NOT TO REPRESS FRAUD & DECEPTION1 BUT TO ABOLI% IGNORANCE4 ,CLE>LY ! MA9T5ANCE ( A HEAL?Y BODY1 NOT ! 5DLESS CONSUMPTION ( M$IC9ES1 IS ! BE/ WAY TO PREV5T DISEASE4 ,9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 A TRU?FUL & ORIG9AL IDEA WELL EXPRESS$ CANNOT BE 0DANG]\S40 ,AT ! \T] LIMIT1 IT CAN BE UNPOPUL>4 ,BUT AN UNPOPUL> IDEA1 IF IT HAS VALUE1 WILL QUICKLY GA9 POPUL>ITY1 & :5 IT GA9S POPUL>ITY & APPROVAL1 A DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC WILL EXP]IM5T ) IT & 5ACT IT4 ,DEMOCRATS 5VISION$ A SOCIETY :]E M5 W\LD CONT9UALLY EXP]IM5T ) SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS & 9/ITUTIONS 9 ORD] TO FULFILL ! NE$S ( ! HUMAN BE+ & 5L>GE HIS 9TELLECT1 IMAG9ATION & UND]/&+4 ,! LIMITS BEYOND :I* ! EXP]IM5T C\LD NOT TRESPASS W]E 0C]TA9 UNALI5ABLE RI<TS0 AMONG :I* >E 0LIFE1 LIB]TY1 & ! PURSUIT ( HAPP9ESS40.<#a#h#h.> ,9 AN UNDEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 ! PROBLEMS ( A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY SEEM 9SURM\NTABLE1 & ! IDEALS UNATTA9ABLE4 ,TO A BL9D MAN1 IT IS H>D TO GRASP ?AT O!RS CAN SEE4 ,9 AN UNDEVELOP$ SOCIETY B]IDD5 ) POV]TY & HUNG]1 ! ELIM9ATION ( DISEASE APPE>S TO BE AN 9SURM\NTABLE PROBLEM2 !RE >E DIFFICULTIES AT EV]Y TURN2 EA* SOLUTION REVEALS NEW PROBLEMS2 EA* VICTORY IS ACCOMPANI$ BY C\NTLESS DEFEATS4 ,YET 9 A SOCIETY :]E POV]TY & HUNG] >E ON ! WAY TO BE+ ABOLI%$1 MANY ( ! 09SURM\NTABLE PROBLEMS0 DISAPPE>2 M5 SUDD5LY F9D ?AT ! MA9T5ANCE ( CLEANL9ESS IS NOT IMPOSSIBLE2 ! ELIM9ATION ( DISEASE SUDD5LY SEEMS A REASONABLE EXPECTATION4 ,TO %$ IDEALS BECAUSE !Y SEEM 0UNATTA9ABLE0 IS C[>DLY2 TO CONDEMN ! ABOLITION ( DISEASE BECAUSE ITS PROBLEMS SEEM 09SURM\NTABLE0 IS TO (F] APOLOGIES = ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 MA9TA9+ DISEASE4 ,P]HAPS P]FECT PHYSICAL & SOCIAL HEAL? ( HUMAN BE+S WILL NEV] BE ATTA9$1 BUT P]FECTION IS M]ELY A GUIDE1 NOT A /ATE ( AFFAIRS2 P]FECTION IS A /&>D1 A MEASURE BY :I* DIRECTIONS & T5D5CIES CAN BE JUDG$4 ,ONE :O GIVES UP A PROBLEM BECAUSE ( ITS DIFFICULTIES1 9/EAD ( SEEK+ ! CAUSES ( ! DIFFICULTIES1 IS A C[>D4 ,HUMAN PHYSICAL HEAL? WILL NOT BE APPROA*$1 & ! ABOLITION ( DISEASE WILL SEEM 09SURM\NTABLE10 SO LONG AS POV]TY & HUNG] EXI/4 ,SOCIAL JU/ICE1 HONE/Y & KN[L$GE WILL SEEM 0UNATTA9ABLE10 SO LONG AS PRIVILEGE & 9EQUALITY EXI/4 

,A PRESS CANNOT AT ! SAME TIME BE A ,BUS9ESS2 A FREE PRESS W\LD BE A SOCIAL FUNCTION SOCIALLY SUPPORT$1 AS FREE AS AIR TO EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IF WEAL?Y & P[]FUL M5 CONTROL ! PRESS1 & IF WEAL? IS REQUIR$ = ACCESS TO IT1 !N A FREE PRESS CANNOT EXI/4 ,:ATEV] !IR P]SONAL VIRTUES1 ! MEMB]S ( A GR\P WILL JUDGE IDEAS 9 T]MS ( !IR [N 9T]E/S4 ,!Y WILL JUDGE 0GOOD0 ?OSE IDEAS :I* >E FAVORABLE TO !IR 9T]E/1 & 0BAD0 ?OSE IDEAS :I* >E ANTAGONI/IC TO !IR 9T]E/4 ,:AT'S MORE1 IF IDEAS ?REAT5 TO ABOLI% !IR 9T]E/ ON ! GR\ND ?AT IT IS OPPRESSIVE TO O!R M51 ! M5 9 CONTROL WILL ALWAYS JUDGE SU* IDEAS 0UN9T]E/+0 & (T5 0DANG]\S40 ,IF ?IEVES SUPPORT$ & RAN A PRESS1 !Y W\LD NOT 5C\RAGE WRIT+S ?AT EXPOS$ !FT2 !Y W\LD LACK 9T]E/ 9 WRIT+S ?AT CONDEMN$ !FT2 !Y W\LD SUPPRESS AS 0DANG]\S0 WRIT+S ?AT URG$ ! ABOLITION ( !FT4 ,IF ! PRESS IS [N$ & CONTROLL$ BY ONE CLASS ( M51 IT CANNOT BE A FREE PRESS4 ,! VIRTUES ( ! M5 :O CONTROL IT >E IRRELEVANT4 ,IF ONE GR\P ( M5 ACQUIR$ A MONOPOLY OV] ! WORLD'S AIR1 BOTTL$ IT1 & SOLD IT TO ! WORLD'S 9HABITANTS1 AIR W\LD NOT BE FREE1 NO MATT] H[ 0GOOD0 OR H[ 0EVIL0 ! M5 :O CONTROLL$ IT4 ,A PRESS ?AT IS NOT SOCIALLY SUPPORT$ & AS EASILY AVAILABLE TO ALL M5 AS AIR1 IS NOT A FREE PRESS4 

,YET ! PH5OM5ON ?AT CALLS ITSELF A 0FREE PRESS0 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS NEI!R SUPPORT$ NOR RUN BY SOCIETY1 NOR IS IT AVAILABLE TO ALL M54 ,NEWSPAP]S1 PUBLI%+ H\SES1 PR9T+ E/ABLI%M5TS >E NOT SOCIAL FUNCTIONS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES2 !Y >E ALL 0PRIVATELY [N$40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! PRESS IS ! 0PRIVATE PROP]TY0 ( BUS9ESSM51 & IT IS RUN = F9ANCIAL PR(IT4 ,! BULK ( SUPPORT ( ,AM]ICAN NEWSPAP]S COMES FROM ADV]TIS+4 ,POOR M5 DON'T ADV]TISE4 ,ONLY ! RI* ADV]TISE4 ,! BIGGE/ & WEAL?IE/ CORPORATIONS HAVE ! GREATE/ WEAL? & P[] TO ADV]TISE4 ,ADV]TISEM5T SUPPORTS ! NEWSPAP]4 ,IF ! NEWSPAP] PUBLI%ES IDEAS UNFAVORABLE TO CORPORATIONS1 ! CORPORATIONS WILL NOT SUPPORT IT4 ,SU* PAP]S WILL DIE4 ,! ONLY PAP]S ?AT SURVIVE WILL BE ?OSE ?AT >E FAVORABLE TO ! RI* M5 :O SUPPORT !M4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT A FREE PRESS4 ,! RI* CON/ITUTE ONLY A FRAGM5T ( ! POPULATION4 ,A PRESS SUPPORT$ BY AN >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? IS NO MORE 0FREE0 ?AN A PRESS SUPPORT$ BY A K+1 A CZ>1 OR AN >I/OCRACY ( TITLE & SUP]/ITION4 ,NOR IS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRESS EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO ALL M54 ,! RI* MAN :O [NS A NEWSPAP] HAS ! P[] TO HIRE HIS [N /AFF4 ,ONLY A V]Y UNUSUAL RI* MAN WILL PICK M5 :OSE IMPORTANT IDEAS DIFF] FROM HIS [N2 ONLY A V]Y UNUSUAL HIR$ MAN WILL D>E TO DISAGREE SIGNIFICANTLY ) HIS EMPLOY]'S IDEAS4 ,! \TCOME WILL BE ?AT ! [N] & HIS /AFF WILL PROVIDE READ]S ) ! SAME SY/EM ( IDEAS4 ,SU* A NEWSPAP] IS A CORPORATION2 & ! 9T]E/S ( ! NEWSPAP] [N]S >E ! SAME AS ! 9T]E/S ( ! [N]S ( O!R CORPORATIONS4 ,! RI* M5 :O [N ! NEWSPAP]S EXPRESS !MSELVES ?R\< ! $ITORIAL COLUMNS2 !Y SET ! POLICY1 ! 0L9E02 !Y LIMIT ! RANGE ( IDEAS EXPRESS$ 9 !IR NEWSPAP]S2 !Y DEF9E ! PURPOSES1 ! GOALS1 ( ! PRESS4 ,! READ]S ( SU* NEWSPAP]S WILL GET AN UNDILUT$ VIEW ( H[ ! RI* 9T]PRET ! WORLD3 IDEAS ANTAGONI/IC TO ! CORPORATE >I/OCRACY ( WEAL? WILL BE SUPPRESS$3 !Y WILL BE RELEGAT$ TO ! 0LITTLE MAGAZ9ES0 :I* >E NOT WIDELY DI/RIBUT$1 >E NOT PROM95TLY DISPLAY$1 >E NOT READILY AVAILABLE TO ALL M51 >E AT TIMES TOTALLY UNAVAILABLE TO MO/ M54 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRESS IS ! PRESS ( ! RI*1 & ?\< ! RI* DIFF] FROM EA* O!R ON MANY TOPICS1 FROM GRAS%OPP]S TO PLAYS1 !RE >E MANY ?+S !Y ALL HOLD 9 COMMON1 AMONG :I* >E ! SANCTITY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ! OBLIGATION ( DEBTS1 ! 9VIOLABILITY ( WEAL? & PRIVILEGE1 ! NECESSITY TO SUPPRESS 9SURRECTIONS1 & 0! IMPRUD5CE ( DEMOCRACY4440.<#a#h#i.> 

,AN EXCELL5T ILLU/RATION ( ! WORK+S ( ! ,AM]ICAN 0FREE PRESS0 IS AN >TICLE WRITT5 BY ,LEO ,HUB]MAN 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,DAILY ,COMPASS ON ,MAY #e1 #a#i#e#b4 ,9 ! >TICLE1 ,HUB]MAN QUOT$ A R5[N$ N9ETE5? C5TURY NEWSPAP]MAN1 ,JOHN ,SW9TON1 :O 0HAD BE5 MANAG+ $ITOR ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES & ASSI/ANT $ITOR ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,SUN UND] ,*>LES ,A4 ,DANA2 FROM #ahhc TO #ahhg HE PUBLI%$ HIS [N PAP]40.<#a#i.> ,HUB]MAN QUOT$ A /ATEM5T ,SW9TON MADE TO A GR\P ( $ITORS AT A BANQUET 9 HIS HONOR4 ,! N9ETE5? C5TURY $ITOR & PUBLI%] TOLD HIS FELL[ $ITORS3 0,!RE IS NO SU* ?+ 9 ,AM]ICA AS AN ,9DEP5D5T PRESS1 UNLESS IT IS 9 ! C\NTRY T[NS4 

0,Y\ KN[ & ,I KN[ IT4 ,!RE IS NOT ONE ( Y\ :O D>ES TO WRITE HIS HONE/ OP9IONS1 & IF Y\ DID Y\ KN[ BE=EH& ?AT IT W\LD NEV] APPE> 9 PR9T4 

0,I AM PAID @s#a#e A WEEK = KEEP+ MY HONE/ OP9IONS \T ( ! PAP] ,I AM CONNECT$ )--O!RS ( Y\ >E PAID SIMIL> SAL>IES = SIMIL> ?+S--& ANY ( Y\ :O W\LD BE SO FOOLI% AS TO WRITE HIS HONE/ OP9IONS W\LD BE \T ON ! /REETS LOOK+ = ANO!R JOB4 

0,! BUS9ESS ( ! ,NEW ,YORK J\RNALI/ IS TO DE/ROY ! TRU?1 TO LIE \TRI<T1 TO P]V]T1 TO VILLIFY1 TO FAWN AT ! FEET ( ,MAMMON1 & TO SELL HIS RACE & HIS C\NTRY = HIS DAILY BREAD4 

0,Y\ KN[ ?IS & ,I KN[ IT1 & :AT FOLLY IS ?IS TO BE TOA/+ AN ',9DEP5D5T ,PRESS4' 

0,WE >E ! TOOLS & VASSALS ( RI* M5 BEH9D ! SC5ES4 ,WE >E JUMP+-JACKS2 !Y PULL ! /R+S & WE DANCE4 ,\R TAL5TS1 \R POSSIBILITIES1 & \R LIVES >E ALL ! PROP]TY ( O!R M54 ,WE >E 9TELLECTUAL PRO/ITUTES40 

,! ,DAILY ,COMPASS1 ! NEWSPAP] 9 :I* ,HUB]MAN'S >TICLE WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#e#b1 NO LONG] EXI/S4 ,IT 0DI$0 %ORTLY AFT] ,HUB]MAN'S >TICLE APPE>$ 9 IT4 ,! ,DAILY ,COMPASS HAD HIR$ RADICAL DEMOCRATS1 SOCIALI/S1 LIB]ALS1 & O!R 9DEP5D5T-M9D$ WRIT]S1 MANV ( !M ANTAGONI/IC TO ! SOCIETY ( CORPORATE WEAL?1 & IT HAD ALL[$ ! M5 TO EXPRESS !MSELVES4 ,BUT ! ,DAILY ,COMPASS DID NOT GET SUPPORT FROM ! CORPORATE RI* :OSE PLUND] MANY ( ITS WRIT]S ATTACK$2 IT DID NOT GET ! REQUIR$ ,ADV]TISEM5TS4 ,HUB]MAN WROTE A SAD PR$ICTION ( ! ,DAILY ,COMPASS' COLLAPSE 9 ! SAME >TICLE4 0,\R HI<LY-PRAIS$ FRE$OM ( ! PRESS444 MEANS FRE$OM = V]Y RI* M5 TO [N NEWSPAP]S & GIVE ! PUBLIC A PICTURE ( ! WORLD ?R\< !IR EYES1 ! EYES ( ,BIG ,BUS9ESS4 ,NO LAW MAKES ! PRESS UNFREE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,NONE IS NE$$4 ,WORK+ M5 HAV5'T ! MONEY TO BUY & RUN DAILY NEWSPAP]S4 ,RI* PEOPLE HAVE4 ,!RE=E ! NEWS WE GET IS SLANT$1 DI/ORT$1 SUPPRESS$--AGA9/ ! POOR & = ! RI*40 

,A NEWSPAP] ) A /AFF ?AT RUNS AGA9/ ! GRA9 ( ! CORPORATE >I/OCRACY MU/ SEEK SUPPORT FROM ?AT V]Y >I/OCRACY 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 ,TO EXPRESS !MSELVES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 M5 :O >E OPPOS$ TO WEAL? & PRIVILEGE MU/ SEEK AID FROM A WEAL?Y MAN :O BETRAYS ! 9T]E/S ( HIS [N CLASS4 ,POOR M5--WORK]S1 /UD5TS1 9TELLECTUALS1 >TI/S--CANNOT POSSIBLY SUPPORT A NEWSPAP] AS WELL EQUIPP$ & /AFF$1 AS WIDELY CIRCULAT$1 AS PROM95TLY DISPLAY$1 AS ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,H]ALD ,TRIBUNE1 ! ,DAILY ,NEWS1 ! ,DAILY ,MIRROR1 ETC4 ,! FACT ?AT !RE HAVE (T5 BE5 RI* M5 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :O SUPPORT$ NEWSPAP]S ?AT ANALYZ$ & EXPOS$ WEAL?1 PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY1 DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRESS IS FREE3 IT M]ELY MEANS ?AT M5 :OSE IDEAS DIFF] FROM ! (FICIAL L9E MU/1 9 ORD] TO EXPRESS !MSELVES1 SEEK ! PATRONAGE ( RI* M5 :O BETRAY ! 9T]E/S ( !IR CLASS4 ,9 ! ,FRANCE ( ,L\IS ,X,V1 ,VOLTAIRE & ,R\SSEAU HAD TO SEEK ! PATRONAGE ( NOBLEM5 9 ORD] TO HAVE ! LEISURE TO WRITE & ! WEAL? TO PUBLI%4 ,BUT ,L\IS ,X,VS ,FRANCE IS NOT KN[N = ITS FREE PRESS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION ( #aggf C\LD H>DLY HAVE TAK5 PLACE IF1 TO ACQUA9T !IR FELL[ C\NTRYM5 ) !IR VIEWS1 ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION>IES HAD NE$$ TO SEEK ,K+ ,GEORGE'S P]MISSION TO PUBLI% !IR VIEWS1 ,K+ ,GEORGE'S SUPPORT TO PR9T !M1 & ,K+ ,GEORGE'S 9FLU5CE TO DI/RIBUTE !M4 

,9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY1 CONCRETE & COMPLETE 9=MATION W\LD BE SO IMPORTANT ?AT ! DISSEM9ATION ( FRAUDS1 LIES & DECEPTIONS W\LD NOT BE P]MITT$4 ,SCI5TI/S RECOGNIZE SU* A PR9CIPLE 9 !IR [N 0FIELD10 & !Y BECOME JU/IFIABLY 9DIGNANT :5 SOMEONE 0FAKES0 AN EXP]IM5T & SABOTAGES YE>S ( /UDY & RESE>* BY SUPPLY+ HIS FELL[ SCI5TI/S ) FALSE & DECEPTIVE DATA4 ,YET \TSIDE !IR 0FIELDS10 ,AM]ICAN SCI5TI/S >E CREATURES ( ! CORPORATE SOCIETY3 ! WELLBE+ ( PHYSICS1 OR *EMI/RY1 IS F> MORE IMPORTANT TO !M ?AN ! WELLBE+ ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,! PR9CIPLE :I* SCI5TI/S VALUE SO HI<LY 9 !IR 0FIELDS0 IS FLAUNT$ 9 !IR SOCIETY4 ,SW9TON TOLD ! $ITORS1 0,I AM PAID @s#a#e A WEEK = KEEP+ MY HONE/ OP9IONS \T ( ! PAP] ,I AM CONNECT$ )--O!RS ( Y\ >E PAID SIMIL> SAL>IES = SIMIL> ?+S--& ANY ( Y\ :O W\LD BE SO FOOLI% AS TO WRITE HIS HONE/ OP9IONS W\LD BE \T ON ! /REETS LOOK+ = ANO!R JOB40 ,NOT ONLY DOES ! NEWSPAP]MAN 9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY SUPPRESS HIS [N VIEWS4 0,! BUS9ESS ( ! ,NEW ,YORK J\RNALI/ IS TO DE/ROY ! TRU?1 TO LIE \TRI<T1 TO P]V]T1 TO VILLIFY1 TO FAWN AT ! FEET ( ,MAMMON4410.<#a#i#a.> 

,9 ORD] TO 0LIE \TRI<T1 TO P]V]T1 TO VILIFY0 MO/ EFFECTIVELY1 A UNIQUE 9/ITUTION HAS BE5 9V5T$ & HI<LY REF9$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES3 ! 9/ITUTION ( ,ADV]TIS+1 SUPPLEM5T$ BY ! SO-CALL$ 0,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS ,FIELD40 ,9 ADV]TIS+1 SELF EXPRESSION PLAYS NO ROLE :ATEV]1 CONCRETE 9=MATION IS )HELD1 COMPLETE 9=MATION IS SUPPRESS$4 ,ADV]TIS+ IS A VA/ SY/EM ( ORGANIZ$ LY+1 P]V]SION1 VILLIFICATION1 :OSE SOLE PURPOSE IS TO SELL ! PRODUCTS ( CORPORATIONS BY ANY MEANS :ATEV]4 ,CORPORATIONS HIRE ! ADV]TIZ]S TO CREATE 9 PEOPLE ! DESIRE TO BUY ! PRODUCTS ! CORPORATIONS MAKE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! CORPORATIONS !MSELVES CREATE ! 0NE$S0 !Y FILL4 ,?IS TYPE ( PLUND] IS UNIQUE 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,! ADV]TIS+ MAN LIES1 DECEIVES & DEFRAUDS 9 ORD] TO SELL ! PRODUCTS ( HIS EMPLOY] TO A PUBLIC ?AT DOES NOT NE$ !M4 ,! AD MAN & ! PUBLIC RELATIONS MAN DO ?IS = MONEY2 !Y >E HIR$ TO DECEIVE M5 = ! F9ANCIAL GA9 ( !IR EMPLOY]S4 ,! AD MAN SELLS HIS IMAG9ATION TO ! TASK ( 9V5T+ SLOGANS & HIS 9TELLECT TO ! TASK ( DEFRAUD+ M54 

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! EXP5DITURE = ADV]TIS+ GREATLY EXCE$S ! EXP5DITURE = $UCATION1 = CULTURAL & >TI/IC 5NOBLEM5T1 = 9TELLECTUAL GR[?4 ,ACCORD+ TO AN OBS]V]1 0BY #aiea ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E SP5D+ @s#f1#e#d#h MILLION A YE> ON ADS1 A BILLION & A HALF MORE ?AN ON $UCATION4 ,BY #aief ! ADV]TIS+ EXP5DITURE REA*$ AB\T T5 BILLION1 & IT N[ SEEMS TO HE GR[+ AT ! RATE ( >\ND A BILLION A YE>40.<#a#i#b.> ,! OBVI\S RESULT IS ?AT 0! GOOD PEOPLE ( !SE COLONIES0.<#a#i#c.> >E ?OR\<LY IGNORANT ( ! WORK+S ( ! CORPORATE WORLD 9 :I* !Y LIVE1 BUT VA/LY 9=M$ ON ! 0BR& NAMES0 ( ! CORPORATE PRODUCTS & GADGETS4 ,SOME VIVID ILLU/RATIONS >E CIT$ BY ,H>VEY ,O',CONNOR 9 ,! ,EMPIRE ( ,OIL4 ,! BOOK'S FRONTISPIECE QUOTES ! ,NEW ,YORK ,H]ALD ,TRIBUNE'S DESCRIPTION ( ,AM]ICAN ECONOMIC IGNORANCE1 ) SPECIFIC REF]5CE TO OIL IGNORANCE4 0,!RE IS NO C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD :I* HAS ! BODY ( TE*NICAL DOCTR9E REG>D+ PETROLEUM 9 ALL ITS ASPECTS :I* IS POSSESS$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,!RE IS NO C\NTRY :I* IS SO ?OR\<LY GE>$ TO ! P[] SUPPLI$ BY PETROLEUM4 ,YET1 ?ANKS TO ! MIXTURE ( UNSUPPORT$ >GUM5T1 (FICIAL RETIC5CE & %E] HYPOCRISY :I* BEFOG ! SUBJECT1 !RE CAN BE FEW PEOPLES SO POORLY 9=M$ ( ! GLOBAL IMPLICADONS ( OIL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION AS ! ,AM]ICANS4''.<#a#i#d.> ,?IS WORLD-R5[N$ ,AM]ICAN IGNORANCE DOES NOT DEPICT A L[ LEVEL ( 9TELLIG5CE2 IT ILLU/RATES :O [NS & RUNS ! 9/RUM5TS ( COMMUNICATION1 $UCATION1 MANIPULATION4 ,BIG CORPORATIONS1 LIKE ! OIL COMPANIES1 CAN BUY ! IDEAS & OP9IONS ( MILLIONS ( M54 ,AS ,O',CONNOR PO9TS \T1 0,RADIO & ,T,V >E ADMIRABLY ATTUN$ TO ! NE$S ( SU* CORPORATIONS4 ,= ONE ?+1 !RE IS NO BACK TALK FROM ! LI/5]S1 &1 AT ! MOM5T ( ! BROADCA/1 NO COMPETITION = ! LI/5]'S E> OR EYE4 ,AS ONLY ?OSE ) MILLIONS CAN SPONSOR SU* PROGRAMS1 !RE IS LITTLE LIKELIHOOD ( RADIO & ,T,V LI/5]S ABSORB+ 9CORRECT IDEAS4 ,9 ! ,AM]ICAN WAY1 ! CORPORATIONS FOOT ! BILL = ! NATION'S 5T]TA9M5T & 9=MATION & CAN PROP]LY CALL ! PIP]'S TUNE4 ,H]E !RE IS LITTLE NE$ TO B[ BE=E ! %IBBOLE?S ( OBJECTIVITY = IT IS FRANKLY A COMM]CIAL PROPOSITION1 EV5 IF DRAP$ 9 T]MS ( PUBLIC S]VICE40.<#a#i#e.> ,! \TCOME IS ?AT1 :ILE 0!RE CAN BE FEW PEOPLES SO POORLY 9=M$ ( ! GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS ( OIL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION AS ! ,AM]ICANS10 !RE CAN BE FEW PEOPLES SO WELL 9=M$ 9 ! DECEPTIONS 9CULCAT$ 9TO !M BY ! CORPORATIONS' ADV]TIZ]S4 ,A SMALL BUT SIGNIFICANT ILLU/RATION ) REF]5CE TO OIL %[S ?AT ?\< ,AM]ICANS MAY NOT BELIEVE !IR ADV]TIZ]S1 !Y NEV]!LESS FOLL[ LIKE DOCILE %EEP ! PA?S LAID \T = !M4 ,ACCORD+ TO A ,READ]S ,DIGE/ >TICLE CIT$ BY ,O',CONNOR1 ,AM]ICANS SP5D @s#b MILLION A YE> ON 0PREMIUM0 & 0,E?YL0 GASOL9ES :I* >E ADV]TIS$ AS 0! BE/0 ON ! UGLY BILLBO>DS ?AT L9E ! NATION'S HI<WAYS & DESPOIL :AT IS SURELY ONE ( ! WORLD'S MO/ V>I$ & BEAUTIFUL NATURAL L&SCAPES4 ,EA* CITIZ5 DUTIFULLY 9T]NALIZES ! MESSAGE ON ! BILLBO>DS2 EA* CAN TELL HIS NEI<BOR MANY TE*NICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL REASONS :Y 0,E?YL0 IS 0BE/40 ,& YET1 0,PRESID5T ,REESE ,H4 ,TAYLOR ( ,UNION ,OIL SUMM>IZ$ ! SITUATION = HIS COHORTS3 WE >E /E]+ CLE> ( ! RA% ( GASOL9E ADDITIVES DESCRIB$ EV]Y:]E 9 NEWSPAP]S & ON BILLBO>DS4 ,\R RESE>* BOYS GAVE ALL ( !SE SO-CALL$ WOND] *EMICALS A ?OR\< GO+- OV]4 ,!Y F9D ?AT ! WE> & TE> ON MOTORS1 ! DET]IORATION ( VALVES1 & SO ON1 RESULT+ FROM ! USE ( SU* ADDITIVE-=TIFI$ GASOL9ES MORE ?AN DISC\NT$ ! B5EFITS1 IF ANY4 ,WE F\ND !RE WAS NO SUB/ITUTE = GOOD GASOL9E40 ,C> [N]S OBEY ! BILLBO>DS & PAY A GREAT DEAL EXTRA = ! GAS 9 ! TANK ) ! 0TETRAE?YL LEAD40,& YET1 0444,ACCORD+ TO ! CONT9U+ SURVEY ( ! ,DU,PONT COMPANY1 MA9 SUPPLI] ( TETRAE?YL LEAD 444 A ?IRD ( ! REGUL> GASOL9E SAMPL$ HAD AS MU* OR MORE LEAD ?AN ! PREMIUM1 & TWO SAMPLES ( PREMIUM HAD NO LEAD :ATSOEV]60.<#a#i#f.> 

,?IS ABYSMAL IGNORANCE ( HUMAN POT5TIALITIES & SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 W$D$ TO A FICTITI\S KN[L$GE ( ?+S1 IS CLE>LY A REVIVAL ( SUP]/ITION ON A GR& SCALE--A SUP]/ITION F> DEADLI] ?AN FEUDAL RELIGI\S SUP]/ITION PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ITS NON-RELIGI\S CONT5T & ITS 9HUMAN PURPOSE4 ,! AD M5 CREATE ! 0IMAGE0 ?R\< :I* ,AM]ICANS SEE ! WORLD4 ,! CONT5T ( ! 0IMAGE0 9CULCATES FE>1 HATR$1 5VY1 & A NEV]-5D+ DESIRE TO BUY ! PRODUCTS P$DL$ BY ! CORPORATIONS4 

,! RESULT IS AN IGNORANT1 SUP]/ITI\S1 MANIPULAT$ POPULATION ( DOCILE M5 & WOM5 :O SP5D !IR WORK+ H\RS MAK+ GADGETS !Y HAVE NOT *OS5 TO MAKE & DO NOT CONTROL1 & SP5D !IR LEISURE H\RS BUY+ ! GADGETS & RETURN+ TO !IR CORPORATE MA/]S ! 9COMES !Y GOT = MAK+ ! GADGETS4 ,?IS CYCLE ( PURPOSELESSNESS & HUMAN IRRELEVANCE HAS ITS TOLL1 = APP>5DY ! CREATIVE 9TELLECT1 ! HUMAN IMAG9ATION1 ! S5SE = TRU?1 CANNOT BE COMPLETELY OBLIT]AT$4 ,! POPULATION ( M5 :OSE HUMANITY IS SUPPRESS$ IS A POPULATION ( ANXIETY-RIDD5 M5 CON/ANTLY SEEK+ \TLETS = REPRESS$ PASSION1 REPRESS$ IMAG9ATION1 REPRESS$ HATR$4 ,! ADV]TIZ]S >E AW>E ( ?IS OBJECDESS ANXIETY ( ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE--& ! ADV]TIZ]S HAVE LE>N$ TO MANIPULATE ! V]Y FE> & ANXIETY !Y HAVE !MSELVES SO L>GELY CREAT$ = ! PURPOSE ( S]V+ !IR CORPORATE EMPLOY]S YET MORE EFFECTIVELY4 ,A TYPICAL REPORT ( AN ADV]TIZ]S' 0,C\NCIL0 \TL9ES A CAMPAIGN 9 :I* ! DISEASE CREAT$ & MA9TA9$ BY CORPORATE ADV]TIS+ WILL BE MANIPULAT$ BY CORPORATE ADV]TIS+4 ,! ,REPORT READS3 

0,! RATIONALE = ! CAMPAIGN WAS ALONG ! FOLL[+ L9ES4 ,MORE PEOPLE ?AN EV] SEEM TO BE SUFF]+ FROM AN \TRAG$ S5SE ( JU/ICE1 A FEEL+ ( 9ADEQUACY1 A DELUSION ?AT ! WORLD IS D[N ON !M & ?AT !Y >E TRAPP$ BY !IR JOBS1 !IR M>RIAGE PROBLEMS1 !IR F9ANCIAL SITUATION1 ETC4 ,!SE EMOTIONAL CONFLICTS & FRU/RATIONS >E LEAD+ TO BO? A CONSCI\S & AN UNCONSCI\S SE>* = PEACE ( M9D4 

0,SOME ( ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( ?IS >E EVID5T 9 9CREAS$ *UR* ATT5DANCE1 9 AN UNPREC$5T$ DEM& ON PR(ESSIONAL PSY*IATRI/S1 PSY*OANALY/S1 CL]GYM51 M>RIAGE C\NSELORS & EV5 9 ! SALE ( TRANQUILIZ] DRUGS4 

0444PEOPLE :O GO TO PSY*IATRI/S = HELP1 9 MO/ CASES >E NOT SEEK+ ANY *ANGE 9 !MSELVES1 BUT RA!R >E LOOK+ = COM=T1 REASSURANCE & ADVICE4 

0,?AT IS ONE SIDE ( ! CLIMATE 9 :I* .<! PRODUCT.> MU/ BE SOLD4 

0,! O!R SIDE1 ( C\RSE1 IS ?AT A MASS AUDI5CE IS MORE APT TO BE MOV$ BY *E]FUL PROMISES ?AN BY PO9T+ A F+]1 NO MATT] H[ TRU?FULLY1 AT ITS PROBLEMS1 CONFLICTS & SORE SPOTS4 

0,! HUMAN ANIMAL IS BASICALLY HAPPY4 ,PEOPLE ACQUIRE T5SIONS4 ,!Y LE>N FE>S--IT ISN'T P>T ( !IR BASIC MAKEUP4 ,! PROPHETS ( DOOM COMPLA9 ?AT NO ONE WILL LI/5 TO !M4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE NO ONE WANTS TO LI/5 TO !M4 

0,N[1 !SE TWO CONFLICT+ PO9TS ( VIEW 9 ! AV]AGE ,AM]ICAN'S MAKEUP CAN BE RECONCIL$4 ,! CATALY/ IS HUMOR-- HUMOR COMB9$ ) A COMPLETELY NEW PROMISE AB\T ! B5EFITS ( .<! PRODUCT.> 9 ! IDIOM ( TODAY4 

0,PURSU+ ?IS TOTAL CONCEPT L$ NATURALLY 9TO AN EXAM9ATION ( ! V>I\S CONDITIONS ( T5S5ESS TO :I* ALL >E SUBJECT FROM TIME TO TIME444 

0,! LI/ ( SU* FRU/RATIONS 9 ! V]NACUL> ( EV]YDAY ,AM]ICAN LIV+ IS PRACTICALLY 9EXHAU/IBLE44440.<#a#i#g.> 

,! REPORT ALSO SAYS ?AT 0NO?+ %ORT ( BOLDNESS C\LD HOPE TO P5ETRATE ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC40.<#a#i#h.> ,& ALL ?IS IS = ! SALE ( ! ALMI<TY ,PRODUCT4 ,TO SELL ! PRODUCTS FROM :I* ! CORPORATE RI* REAP !IR =TUNES1 ALL ! MEANS ?AT MONEY CAN BUY >E US$3 PSY*OLOGI/S1 SOCIOLOGI/S1 $UCATORS1 !OLOGIANS1 WRIT]S1 PHILOSOPH]S4 ,! APPEAL IS MADE1 NOT TO UND]/&+1 BUT TO EMOTIONS & FE>S2 ! ADV]TIZ]'S AIM IS NOT TO RESOLVE1 BUT TO EXPLOIT = !IR MAXIMUM PR(IT1 ! PROBLEMS & T5SIONS ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,MILL5NIA ( HUMAN ?\<T1 /UDY1 CLASSIFICATION1 ANALYSIS & DISCOV]Y >E H]E PUT TO ! S]VICE ( MULTIPLY+ ! WEAL? ( ! RI*4 ,! DRA/IC EFFECT ( ADV]TIS+ ON 9TELLECTUAL & >TI/IC ACTIVITY HAS BE5 PO9T$ \T BY ,LEO ,M>X3 0444P]HAPS ! MO/ SUBTLE & ELUSIVE PRODUCT ( ADV]TIS+ IS ! ATTITUDE IT 5G5D]S T[>D ALL ACTIVITY ( M9D4 

0,9 REC5T YE>S ,AM]ICANS HAVE SPECULAT$ 5DLESSLY AB\T ! ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM ( \R PEOPLE1 & AB\T ! APA?Y1 CONFUSION & ALI5ATION ( Y\?4 ,YET IT IS A CURI\S FACT ?AT 9 SU* DISCUSSIONS ! 9FLU5CE ( ADV]TIS+1 ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL VALUE- CREAT+ 9/RUM5TS 9 WORLD HI/ORY1 SELDOM IS M5TION$4 ,ALMO/ FROM 9FANCY \R *ILDR5 >E EXPOS$ TO ! TEA*+S ( ! AD MAN4 ,HE 9/RUCTS !M 9 ! ESS5TIAL MEAN+LESSNESS ( ALL CREATIONS ( M9D3 WORDS1 IMAGES1 & IDEAS4 ,! LESSON IS ?AT !Y HAVE NO 9TR9SIC IMPORTANCE1 ?AT !Y >E M]ELY 9/RUM5TS ( MANIPULATION4 ,IT IS (T5 SAID ?AT1 AFT] ALL1 ADV]TIS+ DOES NO H>M BECAUSE NO ONE REALLY BELIEVES IT4 ,BUT ( C\RSE ?AT IS PRECISELY ! PO9T4 ,9 TREAT+ MAN AS CONSUM] WE SUCCE$ 9 DEBAS+ :AT IS MO/ DI/9CTIVELY HUMAN40.<#a#i#i.> ,:5 ! IMAG9ATION BECOMES A MEANS = SELL+ GOODS1 :5 IDEAS BECOME CLI*ES AB\T M]*&ISE1 :5 >T BECOMES ILLU/RATION ( 0ITEMS0 & BR& NAMES1 !N ! HUMAN M9D IS ?OR\<LY DEGRAD$1 & BECOMES SUP]FLU\S4 

,9 ! CORPORATE SOCIETY1 ! PUBLIC IS CONV]T$ 9TO A MASS4 ,! 0PEOPLE10 :O W]E TO CONTROL ! PRESS1 HAVE BECOME ITS VICTIMS4 ,! PRESS IS NOT M]ELY UNFREE2 IT HAS CEAS$ TO BE A MEANS ( COMMUNICATION1 IT IS A MEANS ( MASS MANIPULATION4 ,! DEGRAD$ ,AM]ICAN 0PUBLIC0 IS NOT A DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC4 ,A MASS ( UN9=M$ M5 BOMB>D$ ) A FRAGM5T$ WORLD VIEW1 ) ONLY ONE ORGANIZ$ !ME CANNOT EX]T CONTROL OV] HUMAN AFFAIRS4 ,A POPULATION ( MIS-$UCAT$ M5 /ORM$ ) AN 9F9ITE >RAY ( UN9T]PRET$1 IRRELEVANT1 SADI/IC DETAIL DESIGN$ TO >\SE DESIRE & HATR$1 CANNOT POSSIBLY HOLD 9TELLIG5T OP9IONS ON IMPORTANT PUBLIC ISSUES4 ,SU* A POPULATION DOES NOT RULE1 IT DOES NOT CON/ITUTE A 0PUBLIC02 IT CON/ITUTES A MASS--A CONTROLL$1 SY/EMATICALLY MANIPULAT$ MASS4 

,AS ADV]TIS+ SPREADS1 ! AD-MAN M5TALITY P5ETRATES ALL FACETS ( CORPORATE LIFE4 ,! TW5TIE? C5TURY ,AM]ICAN IS NOT CONC]N$ ) DEVELOP+ HIMSELF AS A HUMAN BE+1 BUT RA!R ) 0SELL+0 HIMSELF4 ,! TIME :I* O!R M5 SP5D 5L>G+ !IR 9TELLECTUAL1 >TI/IC & IMAG9ATIVE FACULTIES IS SP5T BY ,AM]ICANS 9 ! ACQUISITION ( TE*NIQUES ( 0SELF-SELL+40 ,! CONT5T & QUALITY ( A HUMAN BE+ CEASE TO MATT]2 ALL ?AT C\NTS IS ! LABEL1 ! CLO!S1 ! FAKE SMILE4 

,! MO/ GL>+1 AS WELL AS ! MO/ DRA/IC1 PLACE :]E ! AD-MAN M9D HAS P5ETRAT$ IS ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,>M$ ) WEAPONS ?AT C\LD 9/ANTANE\SLY 9C9]ATE ALL LIV+ HUMANITY AS WELL AS ALL MAN'S PA/ A*IEVEM5TS1 ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY PREOCCUPI$ ) MA9TA9+ AN 0IMAGE0 ( COMPET5CE & RESPONSIBILITY :ILE PURSU+ AN 9COMPET5T1 IRRESPONSIBLE1 & LUNATIC POLICY4 

,! (FICIAL 0IMAGE0 DEPICTS AN ,AM]ICA :I* IS NEI!R CAPITALI/1 NOR CORPORATE1 NOR HI]>*IC1 & IT IS C\*$ 9 T]MS ?AT >E FAMILI> TO ! 0AV]AGE MAN40 ,! RESULT IS ILLU/RAT$ BY A ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES >TICLE DESCRIB+ A DIGE/ 0JO9TLY SPONSOR$ BY ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY & ! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL03 

0,?AT ! ,AM]ICAN ECONOMY IS UNIQUELY DYNAMIC1 ?AT IT HAS PRODUC$ ! HI<E/ /&>DS ( LIV+1 MORE WIDELY SPREAD1 ?AN ! WORLD HAS EV] SE5 BE=E1 ?AT IT HAS COME CLOSE/ TO A DEMOCRATIC1 CLASSLESS SOCIETY & ?AT ?IS HAS COME AB\T ?R\< A FANTA/IC 9CREASE 9 PRODUCTIVITY MADE POSSIBLE ?R\< GREAT] ME*ANIZATION--ALL ?IS IS WELL KN[N TO ,AM]ICANS1 EV5 ?\< (T5 BUT DIMLY UND]/OOD ABROAD4 ',PEOPLE'S CAPITALISM' IS 9CREAS+LY US$ AS A NAME = \R ECONOMIC SY/EM40.<#b.> 

7,9 FACT1 ! NAME 0,PEOPLE'S ,CAPITALISM0 IS NOT 09CREAS+LY US$0 BECAUSE ! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL GREATLY OV]E/IMAT$ ITS GLAM\R4 ,US+ AS A MODEL ! T]M 0,PEOPLE'S ,COMMUNISM10 ! ,ADV]TIS+ ,C\NCIL NEGLECT$ TO F9D \T H[ MU* ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION SUPPORTS 0,PEOPLE'S ,COMMUNISM0 NOT BECAUSE ( ! GLAM\R\S S\ND ( DIE WORDS1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! QUALITY ( ! DISP5SATION1 ! DEGREE ( IMPROVEM5T 9 ! HUMAN CONDITION47 ,S9CE CAPITALI/S WANT NEI!R TO *ANGE !IR DISP5SATION NOR TO LEGISLATE !MSELVES \T ( EXI/5CE1 & S9CE ADV]TIS+ EXP]TS >E HIR$ TO JUGGLE WORDS & NOT TO IMPROVE ! REALITY UND]NEA?1 !Y MU/ CONT9UE TO CONF9E !MSELVES TO MANIPULAT+ ! ,IMAGE4 ,& ! MANIPULATION GOES TO FANTA/IC L5G?S4 ,DUR+ ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION1 ! CONCEPT ( 0CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION0 WAS 9TRODUC$ 9TO ,AM]ICAN ?\<T BY LEFT-W+ CRITICS4 

,:5 ! CRITICS BECAME RESPECTABLE MEMB]S ( ! ,NEW ,DEAL ADM9I/RATION1 ! T]M 0EXPLOITATION0 WAS DROPP$ FROM ! ,AM]ICAN VOCABUL>Y1 & ! ,SY/EM WAS KN[N BY ! HALF-RESPECTABLE TITLE ( 0CAPITALISM40 ,:5 ! ,NAZI ,W> BROKE \T & ! ,SY/EM HAD TO BE DEF5D$1 0CAPITALISM0 WAS REPLAC$ BY ! ULTRA-RESPECTABLE TIDE ( 0FREE 5T]PRISE40 ,DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD1 ! HI<E/ CORPORATE CAPITALI/S HAD BE5 /EADILY CONSOLIDAT+ GREAT] P[] & CONTROL OV] ! GOV]NM5T4 ,:51 AFT] ! W>1 CORPORATION-M5 REPLAC$ PURG$ LEFT-W+]S1 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 BECAME SIMPLY 0FRE$OM10 & DUR+ ! REIGN ( ,JOHN ,FO/] ,DULLES1 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES AS WELL AS ! FEUDAL MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS BECAME 0,! ,FREE ,WORLD40 ,?IS PROCESS IS KN[N AS 0FACE-LIFT+40 ,HITL]'S ,PROPAG&A ,M9I/] C\LD H>DLY HAVE DONE BETT]4 ,BY #aif !RE WAS NO MORE CAPITALISM4 ,ONLY ,FRE$OM4 ,CAPITALI/S W]E SO IMPRESS$ BY ?IS MANIPULATION ( WORDS !Y ?\<T ?AT BY GIV+ CAPITALISM ! NAME 0FRE$OM0 !Y HAD !REBY MADE IT ATTRACTIVE TO ALL ! WORLD'S POPULATION4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 

0,FIFTY LEAD+ ,UNIT$ ,/ATES BUS9ESS M5 PRES5T$ 444 A 'DECL>ATION ( ECONOMIC FRE$OMS' TO (FSET ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A AT ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS444 

0,! FRE$OMS LI/$ 9 ! DECL>ATION W]E FRE$OM ( COMPETITIVE PRIVATE 5T]PRISE2 *OICE ( OCCUPATION2 VOLUNT>Y ORGANIZATION = PRIVATE 5T]PRISE2 CONTRACT2 PROP]TY [N]%IP2 FRE$OM TO PRODUCE1 BUY OR SELL2 COMPETITION2 TRADE2 MONEY1 ?AT IS1 A S\ND CURR5CY40.<#b#a.> 

,AT ! TIME ( WRIT+ ?IS BOOK1 ,CUBA WAS 9VAD$4 ,! AD-MAN DECEPTIONS BY :I* ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E 09=M$0 ( ?IS 9VASION BORE A LURID SIMIL>ITY TO ! ,NAZI ,G]MAN ACC\NTS ( !IR 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,EUROPE4 ,= YE>S ! ,AM]ICAN 0FREE PRESS0 HAD SUPPLI$ ITS READ]S ) B>ELY A M5TION ( ! ATROCITIES1 ! BRUTALITY1 ! MIS]Y 9 ,CUBA UND] ! DICTATOR ,FULG5CIO ,BATI/A & HIS ADM9I/RATION ( SUG> PLANT]S1 HIR$ KILL]S1 & GAMBL]S4 ,AM]ICANS KNEW NO?+ AB\T ! OPPRESSION 5TAIL$ 9 ! FACT ?AT ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS [N$ & OP]AT$ ,CUBAN SUG>1 L&1 ELECTRICITY1 TELEPHONES1 & 9DIRECTLY1 >M$ =CES4 ,:5 REVOLUTION SWEPT ACROSS ,CUBA & GA9$ 9CREAS+ SUPPORT UNTIL MO/ ( ,CUBA'S SIX MILLION PEOPLE W]E BEH9D IT1 ?US 5ABL+ IT TO RID ,CUBA ( ! PLANT]S' REGIME & ! P[]FUL >MY BY :I* ,BATI/A HAD RUL$1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E GIV5 AN 0IMAGE0 ( A C\P D'ETAT 9 :I* A FEW HUNDR$ M5 HAD 0OV]?R[N0 A FEW HUNDR$ O!R M54 ,:5 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION>Y' GOV]NM5T MADE $UCATION & CULTURE AVAILABLE TO M5 :O HAD NEV] SE5 A BOOK & GAVE L& & WORK & FOOD TO M5 :O HAD NEV] BE=E BE5 ABLE TO ?9K OR WORK BECAUSE !Y SUFF]$ FROM *RONIC HUNG] DISEASES1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD BY !IR 0FREE PRESS0 ?AT ,CUBA WAS 0GO+ ,COMMUNI/10 & !Y W]E %[N PICTURES ( SAD1 WEAL?Y L&[N]S :OSE 9NUM]ABLE ACRES ( L& HAD BE5 GIV5 TO ?\S&S ( L&LESS PEASANTS4 ,& :5 ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T EXPROPRIAT$ ! ,AM]ICAN CORPORATIONS :OSE HUGE PR(ITS HAD COME FROM ! RAW MAT]IALS & ! *EAP LABOR ( A FEW MILLION />V+ ,CUBANS1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD ! FAMILI> ATROCITY /ORIES AB\T PRIE/S & NUNS :I* CON/ITUTE ! ,AM]ICAN 0READ+ PUBLIC'S0 KN[L$GE ( ! NON-CAPITALI/ P>T ( ! WORLD4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD VIRTUALLY NO?+ ( ! RE=MS 9/ITUT$ BY ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION1 ( ! H\S+1 ! $UCATION1 ! CULTURE1 ! FOOD :I* BECAME AVAILABLE TO ,CUBANS--TO SOME = ! FIR/ TIME 9 !IR LIVES4 ,!Y W]E TOLD NO?+ ( ! 5?USIASM ( ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE1 ( !IR REVOLUTION'S IDEALS1 ( !IR PLANS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PRESS1 :I* DAILY CONSUMES 5TIRE =E/S1 DIRECT$ ITSELF TO ! CON/ANT REPETITION ( *>GES ?AT ! ,CUBAN ,GOV]NM5T WAS ,COMMUNI/1 ?AT IT WAS 0EXTRACONT95TAL10 ?AT IT DE/ROY$ ,9T]-,AM]ICAN ,UNITY1 ?AT IT UND]M9$ ! ,MONROE ,DOCTR9E1 &--:5 ! 0IMAGE0 WAS 0SOLD0--?AT IT %\LD BE OV]?R[N4 ,:5 ,CUBA'S ,=EIGN ,M9I/] *>G$1 AT ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T'S ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY WAS PLANN+ AN 9VASION ( ,CUBA1 ! PRESS 0EXPLA9$0 ! *>GE TO ITS READ]S AS 0\TRAGE\S10 & AS NO?+ MORE ?AN A P>T ( 0,CUBA'S HATE-,AM]ICA CAMPAIGN40 ,YET 9 MID-,APRIL #a#i#f#a1 ,CUBA WAS 9VAD$4 ,N[ ! ,AM]ICAN NEWSPAP] READ]S W]E TOLD ?AT 0,CUBANS0 W]E LIB]AT+ ,CUBA FROM 0,COMMUNI/ ,T]ROR40 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE W]E TOLD ?AT1 ?\< ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T HAD 0SYMPA?Y0 = ! 9VAD]S1 IT WAS NOT GIV+ !M ANY AID2 & !Y W]E ALSO TOLD ?AT NEI!R ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES NOR ANY ( ITS ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN ALLIES W]E ALL[+ !IR T]RITORY TO BE US$ = ! 9VASION3 ! 0,CUBAN0 9VAD]S HAD PRESUMABLY BE5 HOLD+ !IR BREA?S UND] WAT] (F ! ,CUBAN %ORE :ILE WAIT+ = !IR *ANCE TO 0LIB]ATE0 ,CUBA4 ,& !N ! ,AM]ICAN PRESS1 ON ! AU?ORITY ( ! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL10 REPORT$ 9 FRONT PAGE BANN] HEADL9ES A SEQU5CE ( EV5TS ?AT WAS TO LEAD TO ! 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,CUBA BY ! 0,CUBAN ,FRE$OM ,FI<T]S40 ,! /ORIES RELEAS$ TO ! PRESS BY ! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL0 TOLD ?AT ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE W]E AB\T TO RISE AGA9/ !IR GOV]NM5T1 !Y TOLD ?AT ,CUBAN FLI]S HAD DEFECT$ FROM ! ,CUBAN AIR =CE1 !Y TOLD ( L&+S1 & ( VICTORIES4 ,! DAY VICTORY WAS TO BE PROCLAIM$1 ! 0LIB]ATORS0 W]E 9 ! SEA4 ,! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL0 ANN\NC$1 & ! PRESS DUTIFULLY REPORT$1 ?AT ,FIDEL ,CA/RO HAD FL[N ,RUSSIAN ,MIGS 7FI<T] PLANES7 & DRIV5 ,RUSSIAN TANKS AGA9/ ! HELPLESS 0,FRE$OM ,FI<T]S40 ,! 9VASION FAIL$4 ,& SUDD5LY ! ,AM]ICAN PRESS1 ) A FEW SIGNIFICANT EXCEPTIONS1 BECAME PI\SLY SIL5T AB\T ! 0LIB]ATION0 ( ,CUBA4 ,ONE ( ! EXCEPTIONS WAS ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 :I* CONT9U$ TO RUN >TICLES ON ,CUBA UNTIL ! ,AM]ICAN ,PRESID5T REM9D$ A CONF]5CE ( IMPORTANT NEWSPAP]M5 ?AT ! PUBLICATION ( 9=MATION EMB>RASS+ TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T WAS NOT ONE ( ! TASKS ( ! ,FREE ,PRESS4 ,! ,TIMES REVEAL$1 ?\< NOT 9 BANN] HEADL9ES1 ?AT 0,AS HAS BE5 AN OP5 SECRET 9 ,FLORIDA & ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA = MON?S1 ! ,C4,I4,A4 PLANN$1 COORD9AT$ & DIRECT$ ! OP]ATIONS ?AT 5D$ 9 ! DEFEAT ON A BEA*HEAD 9 S\!RN ,CUBA4440'.<#b#b.> ,! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL10 IT TURN$ \T1 HAD NOT BE5 9 *>GE ( ! 9VASION4 0,ON ! DAY ! ANTI-,CA/RO =CES L&$ 9 ,CUBA MEMB]S ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL W]E KEPT 9COMMUNICADO BY ! ,C5TRAL ,9TELLIG5CE ,AG5CY 9 AN OLD H\SE NE> ,MIAMI444 

0,! EFFECT ( NOT TAK+ ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL LEAD]S 9TO CONFID5CE WAS TO KEEP !M FROM HAV+ ANY ROLE 9 DIRECT+ ! L&+S4440.<#b#c.> ,! REPORTS SUPPOS$LY ISSU$ BY ! 0,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL0 AB\T ! L&+S1 ! FI<T+1 ! IMP5D+ VICTORY1 ! DEFECTIONS1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,MIGS1 HAD ALL COME FROM ! (FICE ( ,LEM ,JONES ,ASSOCIATES1 ,9C41 ( ,MADISON ,AV5UE1 ,NEW ,YORK--AN ADV]TIS+ FIRM4.<#b#d.> ,! 9VAD]S1 IT TURN$ \T1 HAD NOT SPRUNG FROM ! SEA1 BUT FROM BASES 9 ,FLORIDA1 9 ,L\ISIANA1 9 ,GUATEMALA1 & 9 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-CONTROLL$ ,SWANN ,ISL&S 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN4 ,! LEAD+ 0,FRE$OM ,FI<T]S0 W]E ?OSE :O REGUL>LY C>RY ON ! ,C4,L,A4'S WORLD-WIDE CLOAK-&-DAGG] OP]ATIONS4 0,A ,FILIP9O GU]RILLA SPECIALI/ WAS 9 *>GE ( SOME ( ! TRA9+4 ,HE WAS ASSI/$ BY FIVE OR SIX 9/RUCTORS :O >E BELIEV$ TO BE ,SLAVS1 P]HAPS ,UKRA9IANS1 & :O W]E ASSI/$ BY 9T]PRET]S40.<#b#e.> ,! 0DEFECTOR0 FROM ! ,CUBAN AIR =CE TURN$ \T TO HAVE FL[N AN ,AM]ICAN PLANE ) A ,CUBAN 9SIGNIA PA9T$ ON IT4 0,:5444 ONE ( ! PILOTS :O L&$ 9 ,MIAMI DESCRIB$ HIMSELF AS A DEFECTOR FROM ! ,CUBAN ,AIR ,=CE1 HIS PICTURE1 PUBLI%$ 9 LOCAL NEWSPAP]S1 WAS PROMPTLY ID5TIFI$ H]E .<9 ,MIAMI.> AS ?AT ( A ,LIEUT5ANT FROM ! ,GUATEMALAN CAMP4 ,HE HAS VANI%$40.<#b#f.> ,& ! 0,RUSSIAN ,MIGS10 :I* FILL$ ,AM]ICANS ) FE>1 FR5ZY & HATR$1 TURN$ \T TO BE 0,UNIT$-,/ATES-BUILT ,T-#c#c JETS FL[N BY ! ,CA/RO PILOTS40.<#b#g.> ,BY WAY ( 0EXPLANATION0 ( ! FUROR RAIS$ BY ! FRONT PAGE SC>E-HEADL9ES AB\T ! ,MIGS1 ! WRIT] BRIEFLY COMM5T$3 0,IT IS ?\<T ?AT SOME ( ! 9SURG5TS1 :5 SURPRIS$ BY !SE ,T-#c#c JETS1 BELIEV$ !Y W]E ,SOVIET-BUILT ,MIGS40.<#b#h.> ,! 0FREE PRESS0 ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DID NOT TELL ITS READ]S ?AT ! S\RCE ( ITS 0FACTS0 ON ! ,CUBAN 9VASION WAS A ,PUBLIC ,RELATIONS FIRM ON ,MADISON ,AV5UE1 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,BUT ! 0FREE PRESS0 DID TELL ! ,AM]ICAN PEOPLE1 REPEAT$LY & EMPHATICALLY1 ?AT ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T HAD 0BETRAY$0 ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION4 

0,ALAS6 IS IT TRUE1 ?AT AGES >E NECESS>Y TO UND]/&1 :IL/ A MOM5T WILL SUFFICE TO 9V5T1 AN IMPO/URE80.<#b#i.> 

 "9"9"9 

,! EI<TE5? C5TURY 9TELLECTUAL REBELS W]E ! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS ( ,AM]ICAN RHETORIC1 BUT ! EI<TE5? C5TURY CAPITALI/S W]E ! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS ( ,AM]ICAN PRACTICE4 ,9 ,AM]ICAN PRACTICE1 ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 P>TICIPATION IS RE/RICT$ TO ! M>K+ ( A BALLOT EV]Y TWO OR F\R YE>S4 ,ON ! BALLOT >E ! NAMES ( M5 HE DOES NOT KN[ & HAS NOT *OS54 ,HE 0VOTES0 ON ! BASIS ( NO ISSUES :ATSOEV]1 BECAUSE NO ISSUES >E PRES5T$4 ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS HAS SUMM>IZ$ A TYPICAL C]EMONY4 0,9 ! #dgb ,CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS ( #a#i#e#d1 = EXAMPLE1 NO NATIONAL ISSUES W]E CLE>LY PRES5T$1 NOR EV5 LOCAL ISSUES RELAT$ CLE>LY TO !M4 ,SLOGANS & P]SONAL ATTACKS ON *>ACT]1 P]SONALITY DEFECTS1 & C\NT]-*>GES & SUSPICIONS W]E ALL ?AT ! ELECTORATE C\LD SEE OR HE>1 &1 AS USUAL1 MANY PAID NO ATT5TION AT ALL4 ,EA* C&IDATE TRI$ TO DI%ONOR HIS OPPON5T1 :O 9 TURN TRI$ TO DI%ONOR HIM4 ,! \TRAG$ C&IDATES SEEM$ TO MAKE !MSELVES ! ISSUE1 & ON ?AT ISSUE VIRTUALLY ALL ( !M LO/4 ,! ELECTORATE SAW NO ISSUES AT ALL1 & !Y TOO LO/1 AL?\< !Y DID NOT KN[ IT40.<#b#a.> ,! C&IDATE :O SUCCE$S IS ! ONE :O CAN PAY = ! MO/ LAVI% CAMPAIGN & ! CLEV]E/ ADV]TIS+1 :O CAN BE/ MALIGN HIS OPPON5T'S P]SONAL TRAITS1 & :O WILL BE/ FULFILL ! ROLE ( C\RI] = ! VE/$ 9T]E/S ( ! RI*4 0,E/IMATES ( ! CO/ ( ! #aieb PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN RANG$ ALL ! WAY UP TO @s#a MILLION4 ,FRANK ,$W>DS1 ! =M] ,A,F,L RADIO COMM5TATOR1 SAID ?AT ! OIL 9T]E/S CONTRIBUT$ HALF ?AT SUM1 & ALL TO ! ,EIS5H[] =CES4 ,!RE WAS NO WAY TO CONTE/ ! /ATEM5T1 = NO ONE 9 AU?ORITY C>$ TO FLA% A BEAM 9TO ! D>K RECESSES ( CORPORATE F9ANC+ ( POLITICAL P>TIES40.<#b#a#a.> ,! GOV]NM5T 0( ! PEOPLE0 IS QUITE OP5LY A GOV]NM5T ( ! CORRUPT & ( ! RI*1 YET IT CONT9UES TO CALL ITSELF 0DEMOCRATIC40 ,AM]ICA IS A L& :]E A V]Y SMALL GR\P ( M5 P>TICIPATE 9 ! MAK+ ( IMPORTANT DECISIONS1 :]E V]Y FEW M5'S IDEAS C>RY WEI<T & AU?ORITY1 :]E ONLY ! VOICE ( ! ,CELEBRITY IS HE>D BY ,ALL4 0,! PEOPLE0 HAVE NO GREAT] P>TICIPATION 9 ,AM]ICA'S POLITY ?AN 9 ,AM]ICA'S ECONOMY4 0,! TOP ( MODEM ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY IS 9CREAS+LY UNIFI$1 & (T5 SEEMS WILLFULLY COORD9AT$3 AT ! TOP !RE HAS EM]G$ AN ELITE ( P[]4 ,! MIDDLE LEVELS >E A DRIFT+ SET ( /ALEMAT$1 BALANC+ =CES3 ! MIDDLE DOES NOT L9K ! BOTTOM ) ! TOP4 ,! BOTTOM ( ?IS SOCIETY IS POLITICALLY FRAGM5T$1 & EV5 AS A PASSIVE FACT1 9CREAS+LY P[]LESS3 AT ! BOTTOM !RE IS EM]G+ A MASS SOCIETY40.<#b#a#b.> ,! DEMOCRATIC RHETORIC HIDES A CORPORATE /ATE4 ,! GOV]NM5T 0( ! PEOPLE0 IS A GOV]NM5T ( ! RI*4 ,! PEOPLE >E TOLD ?AT BY 0CA/+ BALLOTS0 = ! RI* !Y >E SOMEH[ DEF5D+ 0,FRE$OM40 ,& ! PEOPLE ACQUIESCE1 & !Y ?ANK ! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS1 :OSE WORKS !Y HAVE NOT READ1 = HAV+ LEFT !M SU* A BLESS$ POLITICAL SY/EM4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aif 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,PUBLICATION4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/