,*APT] #a 
,GOLD5 ,AGE 

#aifaaifa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,HAPPY ! AGE & HAPPY ! TIMES ON :I* ! ANCI5TS BE/[$ ! NAME ( GOLD51 NOT BECAUSE GOLD1 :I* 9 ?IS IRON AGE ( \RS IS RAT$ SO HI<LY1 WAS ATTA9ABLE )\T LABOR 9 ?OSE =TUNATE TIMES1 BUT RA!R BECAUSE ! PEOPLE ( ?OSE DAYS DID NOT KN[ ?OSE TWO WORDS ?9E & M9E4 ,9 ?AT BLESS$ AGE ALL ?+S W]E HELD 9 COMMON4 ,NO MAN1 TO GA9 HIS COMMON SU/5ANCE1 NE$$ TO MAKE ANY GREAT] EF=T ?AN TO REA* UP HIS H& & PLUCK IT FROM ! /RONG OAKS1 :I* LIT]ALLY !IR SWEET & SAVORY FRUIT4 ,CLE> SPR+S & RUNN+ RIV]S (F]$ HIM !IR SWEET & LIMPID WAT] 9 GLORI\S ABUNDANCE4 ,9 CLEFTS ( ! ROCK & HOLL[ TREES ! C>EFUL & PROVID5T BEES =M$ !IR COMMONWEAL?1 (F]+ TO EV]Y H& )\T 9T]E/ ! F]TILE PRODUCE ( !IR FRAGRANT TOIL4 ,SPONTANE\SLY1 \T ( %E] C\RTESY1 ! /URDY CORK TREES %$ !IR LI<T & BROAD B>K1 ) :I* M5 FIR/ COV]$ !IR H\SES1 SUPPORT$ ON R\< POLES ONLY AS A DEF5SE AGA9/ ! 9CLEM5CIES ( ! HEAV5S4 ,ALL WAS PEACE !N1 ALL AMITY1 ALL CONCORD4 ,! CROOK$ PL[ HAD NOT YET D>$ TO =CE OP5 & SE>* ! K9DLY B[ELS ( \R FIR/ MO!R ) ITS HEAVY COLT]2 = )\T COMPULSION %E YIELD$ FROM EV]Y P>T ( H] F]TILE & BROAD BOSOM EV]Y?+ TO SATISFY1 SU/A91 & DELI<T ! *ILDR5 :O !N POSSESS$ H]4 ,!N DID ! SIMPLE & LOVELY %EPH]DESSES GO FROM VALLEY TO VALLEY & FROM HILL TO HILL1 ) !IR TRESSES LOOSE1 & )\T MORE CLO!S ?AN W]E NE$$ TO COV] MODE/LY :AT MODE/Y REQUIRES1 & HAS ALWAYS REQUIR$1 TO BE CONCEAL$4 ,= W]E !RE SU* ORNAM5TS AS >E 9 FA%ION TODAY1 ALL TRUMP$ UP ) ,TYRIAN PURPLE & SILK 9 SO MANY CONTORT$ %APES4 ,YET1 ) ONLY A FEW GRE5 LOAVES ( DOCK & IVY PLAIT$ TOGE!R1 !Y MU/ HAVE LOOK$ AS SPL5DID & ELEGANT AS \R C\RT LADIES ) ! R>E & \TL&I% 9V5TIONS :I* IDLE CURIOSITY HAS TAU<T !M4 ,9 ?OSE DAYS ! S\L'S AMOR\S FANCIES W]E CLO!D SIMPLY & PLA9LY1 EXACTLY AS !Y W]E CONCEIV$1 )\T ANY SE>* = >TIFICIAL ELABORATIONS TO 5HANCE !M4 ,NOR HAD FRAUD1 DECEIT1 OR MALICE M+L$ ) TRU? & S9C]ITY4 ,JU/ICE PURSU$ H] [N PROP] PURPOSES1 UNDI/URB$ & UNASSAIL$ BY FAVOR & 9T]E/1 :I* SO IMPAIR1 RE/RA91 & P]V]T H] TO-DAY4 ,! LAW DID NOT !N DEP5D ON ! JUDGE'S NICE 9T]PRETATIONS1 = !RE W]E NONE TO JUDGE OR TO BE JUDG$44440.<#a.> 

,G5]\S GOA!RDS SAT >\ND A RU/IC TABLE & LI/5$ TO !IR ELOQU5T GUE/1 ,DON ,QUIXOTE DE LA ,MAN*A1 AS HE TOLD !M ( AN AGE LONG PA/ & SOM$AY TO RETURN4 ,! GOA!RDS W]E NOT AS FAMILI> AS ! ,DON WIDI ! FEUDAL WORLD ( FRAUD1 DECEIT & MALICE4 ,TO !M ! DESCRIPTION ( ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE WAS A FASC9AT+ H>ANGUE4 ,!Y DID NOT KN[ ! ,DON WAS HOLD+ UP AN IDEAL TO HIS ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN CONTEMPOR>IES4 ,?AT ! GOA!RDS UND]/OOD HIM NO BETT] ?AN HIS O!R CONTEMPOR>IES IS NOT SURPRIS+4 ,DON ,QUIXOTE HIMSELF DIDN'T FULLY UND]/& HIS VISION1 NOR HIS MISSION ) RELATION TO IT4 ,HE KNEW ?AT ! WORLD ( NOBLEM5 & PA9T$ LADIES WAS PASS+ AWAY4 ,HE HOP$ ?IS WORLD W\LD GIVE WAY TO AN AGE ( CREATIVE COOP]ATION & COMMUNAL %>+4 ,YET ALL >\ND HE SAW AN 9CREASE ( PLUND] & REPRESSION1 FRAUD & DECEIT4 ,HE DID NOT KN[ TO :OM TO ADDRESS HIS COMPLA9T1 TO :OM TO APPEAL = ! REALIZATION ( HIS IDEAL4 ,SO HE RELEGAT$ HIS IDEAL TO A LONG-=GOTT5 PA/4 ,HE PREP>$ TO BUILD ! NEW WORLD BY TAK+ UP ! ROLE ( ,KNI<T--A V]SION ( KNI<?OOD ?AT HAD NEV] EXI/$4 ,HE S\<T TO IMPLEM5T A DREAM & NEGATE ! CORRUPTION ( AN ]A BY REVIV+ ! ]A'S MO/ CORRUPT & REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTION4 ,& !N HE C\LD NOT F9D ! GIANTS :O W]E RESPONSIBLE = ! MIS]Y & REPRESSION4 ,BUT HE WAS DET]M9$ TO F9D !M & ROOT !M \T1 & 9 HIS DET]M9ATION HE *>G$ BRAVELY ) HIS HORSE & LANCE AT 9DIFF]5T W9DMILLS4 

,%AKESPE>E'S ,GONZAGO ALSO HELD UP ! IMAGE ( A ,GOLD5 ,AGE4 

444 NO K9D ( TRAFFIC 

,W\LD ,I ADMIT2 NO NAME ( MAGI/RATE2 

,LETT]S %\LD NOT BE KN[N2 RI*ES1 POV]TY1 

,& USE ( S]VICE1 NONE2 CONTRACT1 SUCCESSION1 

,B\RN1 B\ND ( L&1 TIL?1 V9EY>D1 NONE2 

,ALL ?+S 9 COMMON NATURE %\LD PRODUCE ,)\T SWEAT OR 5DEAVOR3 TREASON1 FELONY1 

,SWORD1 PIKE1 KNIFE1 GUN1 OR NE$ ( ANY 5G9E ,W\LD ,I NOT HAVE2 BUT NATURE %\LD BR+ =?1 

,( IT [N K9D1 ALL FOISON1 ALL ABUNDANCE1 

,TO FE$ MY 9NOC5T PEOPLE4.<#b.> 

,BUT ,GONZAGO1 TOO1 SPEAKS TO DEAF E>S & DECAY$ IMAG9ATIONS4 ,! NOBLEM5 :O LI/5 F9D ONLY AN IMAGE ( !IR [N REALITY 9 ,GONZAGO'S DREAM4 

,SEBA/IAN4 ,NO M>RY+ 'MONG HIS SUBJECTS8 

,ANTONIO4 ,NONE1 MAN2 ALL IDLE2 :ORES & KNAVES4 

,PROSP]O1 FAMILI> ) ! NEW KN[L$GE & NEW P[] BE+ MADE AVAILABLE TO ,WE/]N MAN 9 ! ,R5AISSANCE1 WANT$ TO USE ! KN[L$GE & P[] TO B5EFIT & $UCATE MANK9D4 

,& 9 ,MIR&A1 ,%AKESPE>E EXPRESS$ HOPE ?AT ! ,NEW ,WORLD SO VISIBLY REPLAC+ ! OLD W\LD FULFILL ITS PROMISE & TRULY AB\ND ) GOOD WILL1 PL5TY1 & BEAUTY4 

,O1 WOND]6 

,H[ MANY GOODLY CREATURES >E !RE H]E6 

,H[ BEAUTE\S MANK9D IS6 ,O BRAVE NEW WORLD1 

,?AT HAS SU* PEOPLE 9'T6 

,GONZAGO & ,DON ,QUIXOTE LOCAT$ DIEIR VISION 9 AN AGE LONG PA/4 ,BUT !RE W]E M5 :O1 EV] S9CE ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 HAD DEM&$ ?AT A JU/ & HUMANE SOCIETY BE E/ABLI%$ )9 !IR [N LIFETIMES4 ,! ,ANABAPTI/S LE>N$ FROM PRIE/S AB\T A ,K+DOM ( ,GOD :I* BECAME ACCESSIBLE TO M5 AFT] !Y REA*$ !IR GRAVES4 ,! ,ANABAPTI/S COMP>$ ! VISION ) ! MIS]Y ALLOTT$ TO LIV+ M54 ,!IR SPOKESMAN ,?OMAS ,MI9Z] SPOKE ( ! 0C\RAGE & /R5G? TO REALIZE ! IMPOSSIBLE10.<#c.> & ! HOPEFUL PEASANTS ROSE 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ! PRIE/S :O PROMIS$ SALVATION BUT DISP5S$ OPPRESSION1 ! ,ANABAPTI/S DEM&$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,K+DOM ( ,GOD AMONG DIE LIV+4 ,:5 ,LU!R PROCLAIM$ ?AT PRIE/S & ,*UR* W]E IRRELEVANT TO ,SALVATION1 ! ,ANABAPTI/S ?\<T !Y HAD AN IMPORTANT ALLY4 ,BUT ,LU!R1 REJECT+ PRIE/S1 TURN$ TO ! ,PR9CES ( ! OLD REGIME3 0,:OSO CAN1 /RIKE1 SMITE1 /RANGLE1 OR /AB1 SECRETLY OR PUBLICLY 444 SU* WOND]FUL TIMES >E !SE ?AT A PR9CE CAN BETT] M]IT ,HEAV5 ) BLOOD%$ ?AN ANO!R ) PRAY]4440 0444/]N H>D CIVIL RULE IS NECESS>Y' 9 ! WORLD1 LE/ ! WORLD BECOME WILD1 PEACE VANI%1 & COMM]CE & COMMON 9T]E/S BE DE/ROY$4444 ,NO ONE NE$ ?9K ?AT ! WORLD CAN BE RUL$ )\T BLOOD4 ,! CIVIL SWORD %ALL & MU/ BE R$ & BLOODY40.<#d.> ,& ,LU!R PRAIS$ ! BRUTAL & BLOODY REPRESSION ( ! HOPEFUL PEASANTS4 0,I W\LD RA!R SUFF] A PR9CE DO+ WRONG ?AN A PEOPLE DO+ RI<T40.<#e.> 

,9 MID-SEV5TE5? C5TURY ,5GL& A GR\P ( M5 :O CALL$ !MSELVES ! 0,TRUE ,LEVEL]S0 ATTEMPT$ ONCE MORE TO MAKE ! ,K+DOM ( ,GOD A HUMAN REALITY4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 ! COMMON L&S ( ,5GL& W]E BE+ 5CLOS$--! L&S W]E TAK5 FROM ! M5 :O US$ & WORK$ !M & GIV5 TO RI* M54 ,H[EV]1 A SMALL GR\P TOOK SOME UN5CLOS$ L& & CULTIVAT$ IT1 ) ! PURPOSE ( DI/RIBUT+ ! FRUITS ( !IR WORK AMONG ! POOR.<#f.> ,L&LORDS1 LAWY]S1 (FICIALS & MOBS SUPPRESS$ ?IS EXP]IM5T1 & ! GR\P BECAME NOTORI\S UND] ! NAME ( 0,DIGG]S40 ,! SPOKESMAN ( ! ,DIGG]S1 ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY1 URG$ ?AT ! EXP]IM5T BE ADOPT$ AS A MODEL = ! GOV]NM5T ( ALL ,5GL&4 

,M5 9 ! DY+ FEUDAL SOCIETY DREAM$ ( 0?OSE =TUNATE TIMES0 :5 M5 0DID NOT KN[ ?OSE TWO WORDS ?9E & M9E0 !Y DREAM$ ( ! 0BLESS$ AGE0 :5 0ALL ?+S W]E HELD 9 COMMON10 BECAUSE ! SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y DREAM$ WAS ONE :]E ALL ?+S W]E HELD BY V]Y FEW M52 IT WAS AN AGE :5 MO/ M5 KNEW ONLY UNBROK5 MIS]Y & F\ND SALVATION ONLY 9 ! GRAVE4 ,MO/ M5 W]E CONDEMN$ TO LABOR !IR 5TIRE LIVES = A B>E SUBSI/5CE4 ,A SMALL NUMB] ( M5 5JOY$ PRIVILEGES1 DID NOT WORK1 W]E SU/A9$ BY ! WORK+ MAJORITY1 & CONSCRIPT$ ! PEOPLE :O SUPPORT$ !M TO FI<T !IR W>S4 ,)9 ?IS FEUDAL CONTEXT1 ,DON ,QUIXOTE & ,GONZAGO DREAM$ ( A BETT] WORLD4 ,BUT TO SUPPORT HIS DREAM1 ! ,DON C\LD ONLY APPEAL TO GOA!RDS :O HAD NEV] BE5 P>T ( ! FEUDAL WORLD1 & TO IMPLEM5T HIS DREAM HE C\LD ONLY ATTACK W9DMILLS4 ,& ,GONZAGO C\LD F9D NO BETT] AUDI5CE ?AN TWO CYNICAL POLITICIANS :OSE FAMILI>ITY ) LIFE BEYOND /ATE-P[] EXT5D$ ONLY TO :ORES & KNAVES40 ,! AGR>IAN ECONOMY ( ,EUROPEAN FEUDAL ISM WAS NOT ABLE TO SUPPORT A SOCIALI/ COMMONWEAL?4 ,!RE WAS NO LONG] 5\< WILD FRUIT TO GO >\ND & FE$ ! 5TIRE POPULATION3 FOOD HAD TO BE CULTIVAT$4 ,& EV5 !N ! SURPLUS WAS SO SMALL ?AT IT C\LD SUPPORT ONLY A SMALL NUMB] ( M5 NOT B\ND TO ! SOIL4 ,9 ORD] TO SUPPORT ALL MANK9D ON A HI< LEVEL ( MAT]IAL WELLBE+ & SPIRITUAL %>+1 ! ECONOMY HAD FIR/ TO BE TRANS=M$4 ,BUT ! ,DON WAS 9CAPABLE ( P]CEIV+ :AT HAD TO BE DONE1 & ,GONZAGO HAD TOO N>R[ AN AUDI5CE4 

,YE>S BE=E ! BIR? ( ,%AKESPE>E OR ,C]VANTES1 ,?OMAS ,MORE HAD ANALYZ$1 9 MU* CLE>] T]MS1 ! CAUSE ( FEUDAL 0FRAUD1 DECEIT 444 MALICE40 ,?OMAS ,MORE WAS CONV]T$ 9TO A SA9T 9 #aice BY ! ,CA?OLIC ,POPE4 ,H[EV]1 9 HIS [N TIME F\R C5TURIES E>LI]1 9 #ae #c #e1 ,MORE WAS EXECUT$ & HIS HEAD WAS DISPLAY$ ON ,LONDON ,BRIDGE4 ,= ,?OMAS ,MORE1 AU?OR ( ,UTOPIA1 HAD PO9T$ AN ACCUS+ F+] AT ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT SUPPORT$ PRIVILEGE = ! FEW & DISP5S$ MIS]Y TO ! MANY3 0444:]E EV]Y MAN UND] C]TA9 TITLES & PRET5SES DRAWE? & PLUCKE? TO HIMSELF AS MU* AS HE CAN1 & SO A FEW DIVIDE AMONG !MSELVES ALL ! RI*ES ?AT !RE IS1 BE !RE NEV] SO MU* ABUNDANCE & /ORE1 !RE TO ! RESIDUE IS LEFT LACK & POV]TY40.<#g.> ,! FEW :O HAVE A MONOPOLY ( WEAL? & P[] CLAIM1 9 ADDITION1 TO POSSESS A 0NOBILITY0 :I* 0COMMON0 M5 LACK4 ,!Y CONSID] !MSELVES MORE 9TELLIG5T1 9DU/RI\S1 & VIRTU\S ?AN O!R M54 ,ACCORD+ TO ,MORE1 H[EV]1 ! VIRTUE & 9DU/RY RESIDE RA!R 9 ! POOR :O >E DESPIS$ & DEPRIV$ ( ! FRUITS ( !IR LABOR3 0444IT *ANCE? ?AT ?IS LATT] SORT IS MORE WOR?Y TO 5JOY ?AT /ATE ( WEAL? ?AN ! O!R BE1 BECAUSE ! RI* M5 BE COVET\S1 CRAFTY1 & UNPR(ITABLE4 ,ON ! O!R P>T1 ! POOR BE L[LY1 SIMPLE1 & BY !IR DAILY LABOR MORE PR(ITABLE TO ! COMMONWEAL? ?AN TO !MSELVES40 ,& YET ! NOBLEM51 0NOT CONT5T+ !MSELVES ) ! YE>LY REV5UES & PR(ITS ?AT W]E WONT TO GR[ TO !IR =EFA!RS & PR$ECESSORS ( !IR L&S1 NOR BE+ CONT5T ?AT !Y LIVE 9 RE/ & PLEASURE1 NO?+ PR(IT+1 YEA1 MU* NOY+ ! WEAL PUBLIC1 LEAVE NO GR\ND = TILLAGE3 !Y 5CLOSE ALL 9 PA/URES4440 ,& YET ! LAWS ( ! L& DO NOT CONDEMN ! CRIM9AL4 ,9/EAD1 IT IS ! VICTIM :O IS CONVICT$ AS A CRIM9AL1 & S9CE IT IS HIS P]SECUTOR :O HOLDS ! WEAL?1 ! P[]1 AS WELL AS ! LAIR1 ! VICTIM MU/ EI!R SUBMIT OR DIE4 0,!RE=E1 ?AT ONE COVET\S & UNSATIABLE CORMORANT & V]Y PLAGUE ( HIS NATIVE C\NTRY MAY COMPASS AB\T & 5CLOSE MANY ?\S& ACRES ( GR\ND TOGE!R )9 ONE PALE OR H$GE1 ! HUSB&M5 BE ?RU/ \T ( !IR [N1 OR ELSE O!R BY COV9 OR FRAUD1 OR BY VIOL5T OPPRESSION1 !Y BE PUT BESIDES IT1 OR BY WRONGS & 9JURIES !Y BE SO WORRI$ ?AT !Y BE COMPELL$ TO SELL ALL3 BY ONE MEANS1 !RE=E1 OR BY O!R1 O!R BY HOOK OR CROOK1 !Y MU/ NE$S DEP>T AWAY1 POOR1 SILLY1 WRET*$ S\LS1 M51 WOM51 HUSB&S1 WIVES1 FADI]LESS *ILDR51 WID[S1 WOEFUL MO!RS ) !IR Y\NG BABES1 & !IR :OLE H\SEHOLD SMALL 9 SUB/ANCE1 & MU* 9 NUMB]1 AS HUSB&RY REQUIRE? MANY H&S4 ,AWAY !Y TRUDGE1 ,I SAY1 \T ( !IR KN[N & ACCU/OM$ H\SES1 F9D+ NO PLACE TO RE/ 94 ,ALL !IR H\SEHOLD /UFF1 :I* IS V]Y LITTLE WOR?1 ?\< IT MI<T WELL ABIDE ! SALE3 YET1 BE+ SUDD5LY ?RU/ \T1 !Y BE CON/RA9$ TO SELL IT = A ?+ ( NAU<T4 ,& :5 !Y HAVE1 W&]+ AB\T1 SOON SP5T ?AT1 :AT CAN !Y ELSE DO BUT /EAL1 & !N JU/LY1 ,GOD WOT1 BE HANG$1 OR ELSE GO AB\T A-BEGG+4 ,& YET !N ALSO !Y BE CA/ 9 PRISON AS VAGABONDS1 BECAUSE !Y GO AB\T & WORK NOT2 :OM NO MAN WILL SET A-WORK1 ?\< !Y NEV] SO WILL+LY (F] !MSELVES !RETO40 

,ACCORD+ TO ,?OMAS ,MORE'S CONTEMPOR>Y1 ,NICCOLO ,MA*IAVELLI1 0! DESIRE TO ACQUIRE POSSESSIONS IS A V]Y NATURAL & ORD9>Y ?+1 & :5 ?OSE M5 DO IT :O CAN DO SO SUCCESSFULLY1 !Y >E ALWAYS PRAIS$ & NOT BLAM$4440.<#h.> ,9 ! FEUDAL SOCIETY1 =TUNE 7OR FATE7 IS ! DISP5S] ( REW>D & MIS]Y4 ,BY LE>N+ TO CONTROL & MANIPULATE =TUNE1 AN >I/OCRACY CAN D]IVE PRIVILEGE & PU% 9TO POV]TY ?OSE :OSE ATT5TION IS TURN$ TO O!R ?+S4 0444.<,F,JORTUNE IS ! RUL] ( HALF \R ACTIONS1 BUT444 %E ALL[S ! O!R HALF OR !REAB\TS TO BE GOV]N$ BY US4 ,I W\LD COMP>E H] TO AN IMPETU\S RIV] ?AT1 :5 TURBUL5T1 9UNDATES ! PLA9S1 CA/S D[N TREES & BUILD+S1 REMOVES E>? FROM ?IS SIDE & PLACES IT ON ! O!R2 EV]Y ONE FLEES BE=E IT1 & EV]Y?+ YIELDS TO ITS FURY )\T BE+ ABLE TO OPPOSE IT2 & YET ?\< IT IS ( SU* A K9D1 /ILL :5 IT IS QUIET1 M5 CAN MAKE PROVISION AGA9/ IT BY DYKES & BANKS1 SO ?AT :5 IT RISES IT WILL EI!R GO 9TO A CANAL OR ITS RU% WILL NOT BE SO WILD & DANG]\S4 ,SO IT IS ) =TUNE1 :I* %[S H] P[] :]E NO MEASURES HAVE BE5 TAK5 TO RESI/ H]1 & DIRECTS H] FURY :]E %E KN[S ?AT NO DYKES OR B>RI]S HAVE BE5 MADE TO HOLD H]40 ,! 0DYKES & BANKS0 BY :I* AN AMBITI\S >I/OCRAT 9 ! FEUDAL SOCIETY 0CAN MAKE PROVISION AGA9/0 =TUNE >E 5UM]AT$ BY ,MA*IAVELLI = ! >I/OCRAT'S GUIDANCE4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 0! ,PR9CE0 MU/ BE AW>E ( GOOD MEANS1 BUT MU/ BE PREP>$ TO USE BAD MEANS IF IT IS 9 HIS 9T]E/ TO DO SO1 0= H[ WE LIVE IS SO F> REMOV$ FROM H[ WE \<T TO LIVE1 ?AT HE :O AB&ONS :AT IS DONE = :AT \<T TO BE DONE1 WILL RA!R LE>N TO BR+ AB\T HIS [N RU9 ?AN HIS [N PRES]VATION4 ,A MAN :O WI%ES TO MAKE A PR(ESSION ( GOODNESS 9 EV]Y?+ MU/ NECESS>ILY COME TO GRIEF AMONG SO MANY :O >E NOT GOOD40 ,SECONDLY1 HE MU/ 9SPIRE FE> 9 O!R M51 = AS ,MA*IAVELLI SAID1 0ONE \<T TO BE BO? FE>$ & LOV$1 BUT AS IT IS DIFFICULT = ! TWO TO GO TOGE!R1 IT IS MU* SAF] TO BE FE>$ ?AN LOV$1 IF ONE ( ! TWO HAS TO BE WANT+40 ,?IRDLY1 ! 0,PR9CE0 MU/ BE ADEPT 9 ! USE ( VIOL5CE--BO? K9DS ( VIOL5CE1 ! K9D KN[N AS LAW AS WELL AS ! K9D KN[N AS BRUTE =CE4 0,Y\ MU/ KN[1 !N1 ?AT !RE >E TWO ME?ODS ( FI<T+1 ! ONE BY LAW1 ! O!R BY =CE3 ! FIR/ ME?OD IS ?AT ( M51 ! SECOND ( BEA/S2 BUT AS ! FIR/ ME?OD IS (T5 9SUFFICI5T1 ONE MU/ HAVE REC\RSE TO ! SECOND40 ,HE MU/ KN[ :5 TO BREAK FAI?1 = 0A PRUD5T RUL] \<T NOT TO KEEP FAI? :5 BY DO+ IT W\LD BE AGA9/ HIS 9T]E/1 & :5 ! REASONS :I* MADE HIM B9D HIMSELF NO LONG] EXI/40 ,HYPOCRISY IS ANO!R 9DISP5SABLE 0DYKE0 BY :I* WEAL?1 P[] & PRIVILEGE >E CONSOLIDAT$ & MA9TA9$1 & =TUNE'S FURY IS KEPT \T2 0IT IS WELL TO SEEM M]CIFUL1 FAI?FUL1 HUMANE1 S9C]E1 RELIGI\S1 & ALSO TO BE SO2 BUT Y\ MU/ HAVE ! M9D SO DISPOS$ ?AT :5 IT IS NE$FUL TO BE O!RWISE Y\ MAY BE ABLE TO *ANGE TO ! OPPOSITE QUALITIES4 ,& IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD ?AT A PR9CE1 & ESPECIALLY A NEW PR9CE1 CANNOT OBS]VE ALL ?OSE ?+S :I* >E CONSID]$ GOOD 9 M51 BE+ (T5 OBLIG$1 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! /ATE1 TO ACT AGA9/ FAI?1 AGA9/ *>ITY1 AGA9/ HUMANITY1 & AGA9/ RELIGION4 ,&1 !RE=E1 HE MU/ HAVE A M9D DISPOS$ TO ADAPT ITSELF ACCORD+ TO ! W'9D1 & AS ! V>IATIONS ( =TUNE DICTATE1 & 444 NOT DEVIATE FROM :AT IS GOOD1 IF POSSIBLE1 BUT BE ABLE TO DO EVIL IF CON/RA9$40 ,& ABOVE ALL1 ! SUCCESSFUL 0,PR9CE0 MU/ BE AN OPPORTUNI/1 =1 AS ,MA*IAVELLI PO9T$ \T1 0444=TUNE V>Y+ & M5 REMA9+ FIX$ 9 !IR WAYS1 !Y >E SUCCESSFUL SO LONG AS !SE WAYS CON=M TO CIRCUM/ANCES1 BUT :5 !Y >E OPPOS$ !N !Y >E UNSUCCESSFUL40 ,9 %ORT1 ! VIRTUES ( A SUCCESSFUL MAN ( WEAL?1 P[] & PRIVILEGE >E :AT ,DON ,QUIXOTE LAT] CALL$ FRAUD1 DECEIT1 & MALICE4 

,MA*IAVELLI WAS CONC]N$ EXCLUSIVELY ) ! 0DYKES & BANKS0 :I*1 9 ! FEUDAL ]A1 W]E DESIGN$ TO PROTECT & B5EFIT AN >I/OCRACY ( H]$IT>Y P>ASITES4 ,?OMAS ,MORE1 H[EV]1 WAS CONC]N$ ) ! DYKES ?AT W\LD BR+ COM=T1 $UCATION & POLITICAL P>TICIPATION TO ALL MANK9D4 ,! GREATE/ SC\RGE ( HUMANITY IS PRIVILEGE1 & AT ! ROOT ( PRIVILEGE IS PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,:]EV] ! LAWS PROTECT ! ACCUMULATION ( PRIVATE WEAL?1 !RE WILL BE PUBLIC MIS]Y4 0,:]ESOEV] POSSESSIONS BE PRIVATE1 :]E MONEY BE>E? ALL ! /ROKE1 IT IS H>D & ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !RE ! WEAL PUBLIC MAY JUSDY BE GOV]N$ & PROSP]\SLY FL\RI%40.<#i.> ,NOT ONLY WILL !RE BE NO JU/ICE 9 A REALM :]E POSSESSIONS >E PRIVATE2 !RE CANNOT BE JU/ICE 9 SU* A REALM4 0,UNLESS Y\ ?9K ?US3 ?AT JU/ICE IS !RE EXECUT$ :]E ALL ?+S COME 9TO ! H&S ( EVIL M51 OR ?AT PROSP]ITY !RE FL\RI%E? :]E ALL IS DIVID$ AMONG A FEW2 :I* FEW1 NEV]!LESS1 DO NOT LEAD !IR LIVES V]Y WEAL?ILY1 & ! RESIDUE LIVE MIS]ABLY1 WRET*$LY1 & BEGG>LY40 ,! ONLY POSSIBLE WAY TO BR+ JU/ICE AMONG M51 TO FREE !M FROM POV]TY & SLAV]Y1 TO 5ABLE EA* TO DEVELOP HIS F9E/ CAPABILITIES1 IS TO ABOLI% ! 9/ITUTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 0,?US ,I DO FULLY P]SUADE MYSELF ?AT NO EQUAL & JU/ DI/RIBUTION ( ?+S CAN BE MADE1 NOR ?AT P]FECT WEAL? %ALL EV] BE AMONG M51 UNLESS ?IS PROPRIETY BE EXIL$ & BANI%$40 ,) ,?OMAS ,MI9Z]'S 0C\RAGE & /R5G? TO REALIZE ! IMPOSSIBLE10 SU* A PROGRAM C\LD HAVE BE5 C>RI$ \T 9 ,SIXTE5? ,C5TURY ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 & =TUNE NE$ NOT HAVE BE5 ALL[$ TO PROTECT ! FEW & DR[N ! MANY4 

,A C5TURY AFT] ,MORE'S EXECUTION1 ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY L$ ! ,DIGG]S TO DEM& ! ABOLITION ( ! DYKES ?AT TRA9 =TUNE'S FLOODS ON ! POOR--HE DEM&$ NEW DYKES :I* W\LD CONTROL ! FLOODS ( =TUNE = ! B5EFIT ( ALL4 0,O Y\ ,ADAMS ( ! E>?10 SAID ,W9/ANLEY TO ! RI*1 0Y\ HAVE RI* CLO?+1 FULL BELLIES4444 ,BUT KN[ 444 ?AT ! DAY ( JUDGM5T IS BEGUN4444 ,! POOR PEOPLE :OM ?\ OPPRESS %ALL BE ! SAVIORS ( ! L&4444 ,IF ?\ WILT F9D M]CY 444 DIS[N ?IS OPPRESS+ 444 ?IEV]Y ( BUY+ & SELL+ ( L&1 [+ ( L&LORDS1 & PAY+ ( R5TS1 & GIVE Y\R FREE CONS5T TO MAKE ! E>? A COMMON TREASURY40.<#a.> ,W9/ANLEY FELT IT WAS A CRIME = SOME M5 TO BE LORDS & MA/]S ON L& :I* IS ! 0COMMON TREASURY0 ( ALL MANK9D4 

0,NONE \<T TO BE LORDS OR L&LORDS OV] ANO!R1 BUT ! E>? IS FREE = EV]Y SON & DAU<T] ( MANK9D TO LIVE FREE UPON40.<#a#a.> 

,MU* LAT]1 :5 ! IDEALS ( ,MORE1 ( ,W9/ANLEY1 & ( ! ,FR5* ,5LI<T5M5T1 IDEALS ( ,LIB]TY1 ,EQUALITY1 ,FRAT]NITY1 W]E BETRAY$ BY EV]Y TURN ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ,GRAC*US ,BABEUF WAS P>AD$ 9 A CAGE = CONT9U+ TO DEF5D !M4 ,HE WAS CONDEMN$ AS A TRAITOR & CONSPIRATOR = CONT9U+ TO 9SI/ ?AT 0,IF Y\ FOLL[ ! *A9 ( \R VICES1 Y\ WILL F9D ?AT ! FIR/ L9K IS FA/5$ TO ! 9EQUALITY ( WEAL?40.<#a#b.> ,BABEUF PO9T$ \T TO HIS MURD]]S ?AT NO MORE HAD BE5 SAID BY ! POPUL> & HUMANE ,FR5* PHILOSOPH]S ,R\SSEAU1 ,MABLY1 0,& ,DID]OT1 :O SAID ?AT FROM ! SCEPT] TO ! CROSI]1 HUMANITY WAS RUL$ BY P]SONAL 9T]E/1 & ?AT P]SONAL 9T]E/ >OSE FROM PROP]TY1 & ?AT IT WAS IDLE = PHILOSOPH]S TO >GUE AB\T ! BE/ POSSIBLE =M ( GOV]NM5T SO LONG AS ! AX HAD NOT BE5 LAID TO ! ROOTS ( PROP]TY ITSELF--,DID]OT1 :O ASK$ :E!R ! 9/ABILITY1 ! P]IODIC VICISSITUDES ( EMPIRES1 W\LD BE POSSIBLE IF ALL GOODS W]E HELD 9 COMMON1 & :O ASS]T$ ?AT EV]Y CITIZ5 %\LD TAKE FROM ! COMMUNITY :AT HE NE$$ & GIVE TO ! COMMUNITY :AT HE C\LD & ?AT ANYONE :O %\LD TRY TO RE/ORE ! DETE/ABLE PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY %\LD BE LOCK$ UP AS AN 5EMY ( HUMANITY & A DANG]\S LUNATIC60.<#a#c.> ,=1 ACCORD+ TO ,BABEUF1 PROP]TY IS A CRIME2 0IT IS A CRIME TO TAKE = ONESELF AT ! EXP5SE ( O!R PEOPLE ! PRODUCTS ( 9DU/RY OR ! E>?4 ,9 A SOCIETY :I* WAS REALLY S\ND1 !RE W\LD BE NEI!R POOR NOR RI*4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO SU* SY/EM ( PROP]TY AS \RS4 ,\R LAWS ( H]$ITY & 9ALI5ABILITY >E 'HUMANICIDE' 9/ITUTIONS4 ,! MONOPOLY ( ! L& BY 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR POSSESSION ( ITS PRODUCE 9 EXCESS ( !IR WANTS1 IS NO?+ MORE NOR LESS ?AN !FT2 & ALL \R CIVIL 9/ITUTIONS1 \R ORD9>Y BUS9ESS TRANSACTIONS1 >E ! DE$S ( A P]PETUAL BRIG&AGE1 AU?ORIZ$ BY B>B>\S LAWS40.<#a#d.> 

,FROM ! LATE MIDDLE AGES ON1 MANY M5 KNEW ?AT MIS]Y & OPPRESSION LAY 9 PRIVILEGE & PROP]TY4 ,& YET1 :5 A NEW TE*NOLOGY WAS CREAT$ BY M5 TO CONTRIBUTE TO !IR 0COMMON TREASURY10 IT WAS US$ NOT ONLY TO MA9TA91 BUT TO /R5G!N ! PROP]TY1 P[] & PRIVILEGE ( ! FEW4 ,UTOPIA REMA9$ AN UNTRI$ DREAM4 ,DON ,QUIXOTE ADDRESS$ HIMSELF TO A PRE-AGRICULTURAL PA/1 TO A TIME :5 0! CROOK$ PL[ HAD NOT YET D>$ TO =CE OP5 & SE>* ! K9DLY B[ELS ( \R FIR/ MO!R ) ITS HEAVY COLT]2 = )\T COMPULSION %E YIELD$ FROM EV]Y P>T ( H] F]TILE & BROAD BOSOM EV]Y?+ TO SATISFY1 SU/A91 & DELI<T ! *ILDR5 :O !N POSSESS$ H]10 A TIME :5 0,NO MAN1 TO GA9 HIS COMMON SU/5ANCE1 NE$$ TO MAKE ANY GREAT] EF=T ?AN TO REA* UP HIS H& & PLUCK IT FROM ! /RONG OAKS1 :I* LIT]ALLY 9VIT$ HIM TO TA/E !IR SWEET & SAVORY FRUIT40 ,SU* AN ECONOMY1 UN=TUNATELY1 HAD SUPPORT$ A SMALL NUMB] ( M5--& ?AT1 NOT V]Y EFFECTIVELY1 AS !Y HAD NO CONTROL :ATEV] OV] !IR DE/9Y & W]E LIT]ALLY AT ! M]CY ( !IR 0FIR/ MO!R40 ,& ,GONZAGO1 WELL-9T5TION$ ?\< HE WAS1 C\LD (F] HIS CONTEMPOR>IES NO?+ BUT A SIMIL> V]SION ( A SIMIL> AGE4 

444 NE$ ( ANY 5G9E 

,W\LD ,I NOT HAVE2 BUT NATURE %\LD BR+ =?1 

,( IT [N K9D 444 

,BUT ,?OMAS ,MORE DID NOT SPEAK ( A PA/ AGE4 ,RA!R HE LOCAT$ HIS IDEAL SOCIETY 9 ,UTOPIA--A PLACE :OSE NAME MEANS ,NO:]E4 ,MORE DID NOT1 !REBY1 9T5D HIS ,UTOPIA TO BE A M]E LIT]>Y 9/RUM5T ) :I* TO SATIRIZE ,5GL&1 AS HIS 9T]PRET]S W\LD HAVE M5 BELIEVE4 ,MORE WELL KNEW ?AT ALL HUMAN HI/ORY CONSI/$ ( ! BUILD+ ( ECONOMIES ?AT HAD NEV] EXI/$ BE=E1 ! CREATION ( IDEAS ?AT HAD NEV] BE5 ?\<T1 ! =MATION ( HABITS ?AT HAD NOT SEEM$ POSSIBLE4 ,HE KNEW ?AT HUMAN HI/ORY WAS A SUCCESSION ( ,NO:]ES :I* M5 TRI$ TO REALIZE SOME:]E4 ,HIS ,*UR* ALSO KNEW--& FE>$--! CAPACITY ( MAN TO GO BEYOND HIS CONDITION4 ,SO DID HIS K+1 ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I1 :O DID NOT WANT HIS [N CONV5I5T 9NOVATIONS TO BE TAK5 AS MODELS BY ! ,5GLI% POPULATION4 ,BO? ,K+ & ,*UR* HAD PRIVILEGES AT /AKE1 & ?US H]D$ 9TO MONA/]IES OR BURN$ AS H]ETICS ?OSE :O1 BY GIV+ M5 A GLIMPSE ( ,UTOPIA1 UND]M9$ M5'S FAI? 9 ! FEUDAL HI]>*Y ( PRIE/1 PROP]TY1 PRIVILEGE & P[]4 

,! AGR>IAN ECONOMY WAS LIMIT$ 9 ! AM\NT ( FOOD IT C\LD PRODUCE4 ,9 ORD] ?AT ALL M5 GA9 COM=T1 KN[L$GE1 & ?AT ALL M5 P>TICIPATE 9 ! CREATION ( CULTURAL VALUES1 ! PRIVILEGES ( PRIE/S & >I/OCRATS W\LD HAVE TO BE DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! POOR4 ,W9/ANLEY URG$ ?AT1 IF JU/ICE BE MADE AVAILABLE TO ALL M51 EV]YONE MU/ DO PRODUCTIVE WORK4 ,! JU/ SOCIETY CANNOT P]MIT ITSELF ! LUXURY ( SOLDI]S1 >I/OCRATS OR PRIE/S4 ,SOLDI]S DO NO?+ BUT DE/ROY :AT O!R M5 BUILD4 ,>I/OCRATS WA/E O!R M5'S LABOR ON USELESS ORNAM5TS1 ELABORATE CLO?+1 & GIGANTIC CA/LES1 ALL ( :I* S]VE NO O!R PURPOSE ?AN TO DEMON/RATE !IR WEAL?4 ,& PRIE/S1 ACCORD+ TO ,W9/ANLEY1 0MAKE S]MONS TO PLEASE ! SICKLY M9DS ( IGNORANT PEOPLES1 TO PRES]VE !IR [N RI*ES & E/EEM AMONG A *>M$1 BEFOOL$1 & BESOTT$ PEOPLE40.<#a#e.> ,W9/ANLEY URG$ ?AT PRIE/S BECOME S*OOLMA/]S1 ?AT !Y TEA* M5 ( ! WORLD 9 :I* !Y LIVE1 ( HUMAN HI/ORY1 ( ! LAWS & DIV]SITY ( NATURE4 ,9 ! TRUE COMMONWEAL?1 !RE W\LD BE NO W>RIORS1 S9CE !RE W\LD NOT BE ANY DESIRE TO ACCUMULATE PRIVATE WEAL? IF ! WORLD IS A 0COMMON TREASURY40 ,!RE W\LD BE NO ORNAM5T$ >I/OCRACY1 AS !RE W\LD BE NO PRIVILEGE & ?US NO NE$ TO DISPLAY IT4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO PRIE/S1 AS !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO MAKE M5 SUBMIT TO ! 9HUMAN MIS]Y REQUIR$ TO MA9TA9 ! WEAL? & P[] ( ! FEW4 

,BUT ,G]R>D ,W9/ANLEY DID NOT KN[ ?AT ! PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES ( HUMAN BE+S W]E 9 ! PROCESS ( TRANS=MATION2 HE KNEW NO MORE ( 5G9ES ?AN WAS KN[N BY ,DON ,QUIXOTE OR ,GONZAGO4 ,NOR DID ,BABEUF DREAM ( ! POSSIBILITIES ( ! 9V5TIONS SPREAD+ 9 HIS TIME4 ,BABEUF ALSO URG$ ?AT ALL M5 DO PRODUCTIVE LABOR1 & HE COP$ ) ! PROBLEM ( REPETITIVE & UNPLEASANT TASKS BY RELEGAT+ !M TO EV]YBODY--UNPLEASANT TASKS W]E TO BE DONE BY EV]YONE TAK+ HIS TURN4 ,NEI!R ,W9/ANLEY NOR ,BABEUF C\LD =ESEE ! POSSIBILITY ( US+ MA*9ES TO DO REPETITIVE TASKS1 ?US FREE+ ALL M5 = 9TELLECTUAL & IMAG9ATIVE PURSUITS4 ,BO? CONF9$ !IR COMMUNAL DEMOCRATIC IDEAL TO ! CONDITIONS ( ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY4 

,! AGR>IAN =M ( SOCIETY HAS BE5 PRAIS$ 9 MANY CURR5T ,WE/]N WRIT+S BECAUSE ( ITS 0UNITY0 & 0SIMPLICITY0 & 09TEGRITY10 & PRIM>ILY BECAUSE ( ITS LACK ( ! EVILS COMMONLY ASSOCIAT$ ) TE*NOLOGY4 ,9 ?IS PRAISE1 EV5 ADULATION1 IT IS (T5 =GOTT5 ?AT ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY IS NOT ABLE TO SUPPORT A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O >E 5GAG$ 9 O!R PURSUITS ?AN FOOD-GR[+4 ,SU* A SOCIETY W\LD BE UNABLE TO SUPPORT ALL ! AN?ROPOLOGI/S & PHILOSOPH]S :O S+ ITS PRAISES 9 A TE*NOLOGICAL SOCIETY4 

,! COM=TABLE PHILOSOPH] :O EXHORTS M5 NOT TO /IR ! HAPPV FANN]S FROM !IR FOOD-GR[+ JOY IS MAK+ A *OICE = ! F>M]S :I* HE HAS NOT MADE = HIMSELF4 ,AGRICULTURE IS A HI<LY VALU$ OCCUPATION1 @5 BUT CLE>LY NOT ALL HUMAN BE+S >E 9CL9$ TO IT1 & 9 AN AGR>IAN ECONOMY !Y >E R>ELY GIV5 A *OICE4 ,?IS LACK ( *OICE CON/ITUTES ! 0SIMPLICITY0 ( AN AGR>IAN ECONOMY2 ITS 0UNITY0 COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT MO/ M5 DO MU* ! SAME ?+ ?R\<\T !IR LIVES--A BETT] NAME = SU* 0UNITY0 IS UNI=MITY4 

,TO 5ABLE M5 TO FOLL[ O!R PURSUITS ?AN AGRICULTURE1 ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY MU/ EI!R HAVE A V]Y L>GE SURPLUS1 OR IT MU/ TRANS=M ITSELF 9TO A MA*9E-BAS$ ECONOMY4 ,ESS5TIALLY1 ! MA*9E IS AN EXT5SION ( ! HUMAN H&3 IT IS A TOOL :I* 5HANCES ! SCOPE & P[] ( ! H&3 IT 5ABLES ONE MAN TO DO ! WORK ( FIVE1 OR A HUNDR$1 M54 ,?US1 IF A MA*9E ON A F>M CAN DO ! WORK ( FIVE M51 !N ?OSE M5 >E FREE TO FOLL[ O!R PURSUITS4 ,IF ! O!R PURSUITS AVAILABLE 9 A SOCIETY >E LESS ATTRACTIVE & MORE REPETITIVE ?AN F>M+1 ?IS IS CLE>LY NOT ! MA*9E'S FAULT4 ,A TOOL IS NOT RESPONSIBLE = ! WAY M5 USE IT4 ,PEACEFUL M5 WILL USE A KNIFE TO C>VE & SCULPT1 NOT TO KILL4 ,CREATIVE M5 WILL USE A MA*9E TO DO ! REPETITIVE LABOR :ILE M5 DEVOTE !MSELVES TO ORIG9AL TASKS1 NOT TO 9CREASE ! AM\NT ( REPETITIVE LABOR TO :I* M5 >E B\ND AS SLAVES4 ,SU*1 AT LEA/1 W\LD HAVE BE5 ! POSSIBILITIES IF M5 HAD US$ ! NEW 9/RUM5TS TO ABOLI%1 NOT 9CREASE1 HUMAN MIS]Y--IF M5 HAD TRULY BE5 AS !Y APPE>$ TO ,MIR&A :5 %E EXCLAIM$ 

,O1 WOND]6 

,H[ MANY GOODLY CREATURES >E !RE H]E6 

,H[ BEAUTE\S MANK9D IS6 ,O BRAVE NEW WORLD1 

,?AT HAS SU* PEOPLE 9'T6 

,BUT ,%AKESPE>E WAS NOT AS HOPEFUL AS ,MIR&A4 ,HE KNEW ?AT O!R =CES ?AN ,GONZAGO'S DREAMS OR ,PROSP]O'S KN[L$GE W\LD %APE ! WORLD TO COME4 ,HE KNEW ?AT AMONG ! 0MANY GOODLY CREATURES0 !RE WAS ALSO ,CALIBAN1 ! HALF-BEA/1 ! MAN ) 0A M9D BEMIR$ 9 FACT1 AN IMAG9ATION BESLIM$ ) P>TICUL>S40.<#a#f.> ,CALIBAN1 ! P]SONIFICATION ( LU/ & GRE$1 KNEW ONLY HATR$ & DE/RUCTION4 ,?IS 9HUMAN UND]CURR5T1 EV]-PRES5T 9 ,WE/]N HI/ORY1 WAS NOT TO BECOME DOM9ANT UNTIL ! MIDDLE ( ! ,TW5TIE? ,C5TURY1 :5 FASCISM & MILIT>ISM TOOK ,CALIBAN AS ! MODEL = A 0SUP]-RACE40 

,& !RE IS ,MALVOLIO ! ,PURITAN1 E>LIE/ REPRES5TATIVE ( ! BRAVE NEW WORLD4 ,HUMORLESS ,MALVOLIO4 ,HIS V]Y PRES5CE NEGATES ! LAU<T] & DEBAU*]Y ( ! DY+ >I/OCRACY4 ,SIR ,TOBY ,BEL*1 ! P>ASITIC OLD ,LORD :O EMBODIES BO? ! 5JOYM5T & ! USELESSNESS ( ! DECAY+ FEUDAL REGIME1 *ALL5G$ ! ,EFFICI5T ,MALVOLIO'S 9TRUSION4 

,>T ANY MORE ?AN A /EW>D8 

,DO/ ?\ ?9K1 BECAUSE ?\ >T VIRTU\S1 !RE %ALL 

BE NO MORE CAKES & ALE8 .<#a#g.> 

,TEMPOR>ILY NO MORE ?AN A /EW>D1 ,MALVOLIO WAS SOON TO GRADUATE2 HE WAS RISE TO ! WORLD ( ,BUS9ESS & ,9DU/RY'4 ,& !N !RE W]E NO MORE CAKES & ALE--NOT = A LONG TIME TO COME4 ,5GLI% !AT]S CLOS$ D[N--& :5 !Y OP5$1 !RE W]E ,MALVOLIOS EV]Y:]E ON ! /AGE4 ,5GLI%M5 RETA9$ ! 9/ITUTION ( ,MON>*Y1 = OLD TIME'S SAKE1 BUT :5 !Y BEHEAD$ !IR LA/ MON>* !Y PUT A SUCCESSION ( ,MALVIOLIOS ON ! ?RONE4 ,! ,FEUDAL WORLD ( FRAUD1 DECEIT & MALICE DID 9 FACT COLLAPSE1 BUT IT WAS NOT REPLAC$ BY A ,GOLD5 ,AGE ( MUSIC & H>MONY4 ,! ,MALVOLIOS BR\<T ONLY DRABNESS1 CALCULATION1 & ! NAK$ SE>* = WEAL? & P[]4 ,! WRIT- +S ( ,C]VANTES W]E C>EFULLY *ANNEL$ TO *ILDR5 & P$ANTS4 ,%AKESPE>E WAS LEFT TO GA!R DU/ = ALMO/ A C5TURY1 & :5 AT LA/ HE WAS UNE>!D1 ! TRAG$IES W]E %[N ) HAPPY 5D+S & ! DREAMS W]E PRES5T$ AS COM$IES4 

,! TRANSITION FROM ! AGR>IAN TO ! TE*NOLOGICAL ECONOMY WAS TO PASS ?R\< ! HUMORLESS ,MALVOLIO4 ,& IT LIT]ALLY PASS$ ?R\<1 = ?\< HE WAS ! C>RI] ( ! *ANGE HE NEI!R UND]/OOD IT1 NOR EXP]I5C$ IT1 NOR 5JOY$ IT4 ,UNLIKE ,DON ,QUIXOTE1 ,MALVOLIO DIDN'T HAVE A YE>N+ = ,JU/ICE2 UNLIKE ,GONZAGO1 HE DIDN'T DREAM2 UNLIKE ,PROSP]O1 HE HAD NO PASSION = KN[L$GE4 ,HE HAD LITTLE USE = REASON EXCEPT AS CALCULATION1 & HIS IDEALS EXT5D$ ONLY AS F> AS HIS AV>ICE4 ,UND] ! TUTELAGE ( CAPITALI/S1 ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION WAS BORN )\T LOVE1 =M$ )\T UND]/&+1 BUILT )\T PASSION4 

,! SMALL AM\NT ( SURPLUS PRODUC$ BY ! AGR>IAN ECONOMY HAD GONE TO SUPPORT A M9ORITY ( ELABORATE W>RIORS & *UR*M54 ,! MAJORITY ( M5 GOT LITTLE MORE ?AN MIS]Y FROM ?OSE !Y SUPPORT$4 ,IMAG9ATIVE CREATION IS H>D PUT 9 SU* CONDITIONS4 ,M5 :OSE TIME & LEISURE DEP5DS ON ! MIS]Y & 5SLAVEM5T ( O!RS F9D !IR [N IMAG9ATIONS %ACKL$4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY MADE IT POSSIBLE = MORE M5 TO LEAVE ! L&--TE*NOLOGY 9 TIME MADE IT POSSIBLE = ALL M5 TO BE FULLY $UCAT$ & TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! %>+ & CREATION ( HUMAN >T & KN[L$GE4 ,TE*NOLOGY *ANG$ ! HUMAN ECONOMY3 IT MADE MAN'S OLDE/ DREAM A POSSIBILITY4 ,! MA*9E TOOK C>E ( ! REPETITIVE TASKS & FRE$ M5 FROM BONDAGE TO ECONOMIC ACTIVITY4 ,BUT CAPITALISM LEFT ! FEUDAL /RUCTURE ( PRIVILEGE 9TACT4 ,! DOCTR9E ( PRIVATE PROP]TY DECRE$ ?AT ! NEW SURPLUS WAS NOT TO SUPPORT MANK9D1 BUT M]ELY A NEW M9ORITY4 ,! COLLAPSE ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE DID NOT U%] 9 A ,GOLD5 ,AGE :]E ALL ! :]E ALL ! E>?'S YIELD W\LD BE %>$ BY M5 9 COMMON1 :]E M5 W\LD WORK TOGE!R TO PUT ! F9E/ HUMAN IDEALS 9TO PRACTICE4 ,! DIS9TEGRATION ( FEUDAL PRIVILEGE U%]$ 9 A NEW AGE ( PRIVILEGE1 AN ,AGE ( ,GOLD :]E 0GOLD0 WAS NOT A METAPHOR BUT A ?+4 ,! PROPELL+ MOTIVE ( ! NEW AGE WAS GRE$4 ,! GOLD FILL$ ! C(F]S ( ! FEW & 9CREAS$ ! MIS]Y ( ! MANY4 ,WEAL?1 KN[L$GE & P[] OP5$ ! GATE ( ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE1 BUT 9 FRONT ( ! GATE WAS BUILT A GROTESQUE OB/RUCTION3 ,! ,M>KET4 ,REVOLUTIONS = LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 FRAT]NITY1 DID TAKE PLACE1 BO? 9 ,FRANCE & 9 ,AM]ICA--& M5 W]E CALL$ ON TO SUPPORT !M4 ,BUT ! REVOLUTIONS BETRAY$ !IR 9ITIATORS AS WELL AS !IR SUPPORT]S2 !Y W]E REVOLUTIONS ?AT SUPPRESS$ LIB]TY1 9CREAS$ PRIVILEGE1 SANCTION$ PROP]TY1 & BANI%$ FRAT]NITY4 ,9 ! CAFES ( ,P>IS M5 SANG A SONG WRITT5 BY A MEMB] ( ,BABEU,PS ,SOCIETY ( ,EQUALS3 0,DY+ ( HUNG]1 DY+ ( COLD1 ! PEOPLE ROBB$ ( EV]Y RI<T444 NEWCOM]S GORG$ ) GOLD1 :O HAVE GIV5 NEI!R WORK NOR ?\<T1 >E LAY+ HOLD ON ! HIVE2 :ILE Y\1 ! TOIL+ PEOPLE1 EAT IRON LIKE AN O/RI*4444 ,A BRA9LESS D\BLE C\NCIL1 FIVE FRI<T5$ DIRECTORS2 ! SOLDI] PAMP]$ & PETT$1 ! DEMOCRAT CRU%$3 VOILA LA ,REPUBLIQUE60.<#a#h.> ,! 0BRAVE NEW WORLD0 BECAME A LUDICR\S C>ICATURE ( ,MIR&A'S EXPECTATIONS4 ,H] \TCRY ( WOND] & ADMIRATION WAS TAK5 UP AT A LAT] DATE 9 ,WE/]N HI/ORY ) BITT] IRONY4 

,M5 W]E 9DE$ FRE$ FROM BONDAGE TO ! SOIL4 ,BUT FROM ! L& !Y W]E PU%$ 9TO ! FACTORIES4 ,& !RE !Y W]E NOT ALL[$ TO CONSCI\SLY P>TICIPATE 9 ! EXCIT+ CREATION ( A NEW ECONOMY4 ,NOR W]E !Y GIV5 A %>E ( ! NEW WEAL? !Y PRODUC$4 ,! M5 BECAME A 0WORK =CE40 ,!Y W]E GIV5 ONLY SO MU* AS W\LD KEEP !M ALIVE--& ?AT MU* ONLY BECAUSE DEAD !Y W]E NO USE TO ! FACTORIES4 ,!Y W]E FRE$ FROM ! L&1 BUT NOT FROM ECONOMIC ACTIVITY4 ,M5 :O ONLY HAVE A B>E M9IMUM ( :AT KEEPS !M ALIVE WILL BE CON/ANTLY PREOCCUPI$ ) KEEP+ ALIVE4 ,!IR PREOCCUPATION ) ECONOMIC NE$S WAS ACTUALLY 9T5SIFI$ 9 ! FACTORY4 ,ON ! SOIL !Y HAD HAD 0BAD YE>S10 BUT !Y HAD ALSO HAD 0GOOD YE>S03 TIMES = READ+ & C]EMONY & 5JOYM5T4 ,9 ! FACTORIES !RE W]E ONLY BAD YE>S--& IF !Y LO/ !IR WORK !Y />V$4 ,M5 TO :OM MU* HAD BE5 PROMIS$ BECAME BEA/S ( BURD5 = NEW MA/]S4 

,! FEUDAL WORLD ( PRIVILEGE WAS REPLAC$ BY ! CAPITALI/ WORLD ( PRIVILEGE1 NOT BY ! ,GOLD5 ,AGE4 ,! >I/OCRACY ( RANK WAS REPLAC$ BY ! >I/OCRACY ( WEAL?4 ,9EQUALITY WAS 9CREAS$1 VIOL5CE WAS GLORIFI$1 & ! LIMITS ( MIS]Y W]E EXT5D$4 ,GRAC*US ,BABEUF1 :O HAD BE5 HUNT$ AS A H]ETIC UND] ! OLD >I/OCRACY1 WAS PUT TO DEA? AS A CONSPIRATOR UND] ! NEW4 ,BE=E GO+ TO ! GUILLOT9E1 ,BABEUF ACCUS$ HIS ACCUS]S3 0,DID]OT444 ASS]T$ ?AT444 ANYONE :O %\LD TRY TO RE/ORE ! DETE/ABLE PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY %\LD BE LOCK$ UP AS AN 5EMY ( HUMANITY & A DANG]\S LUNATIC6--,CITIZ5S1 'DANG]\S LUNATIC' IS PRECISELY :AT Y\ HAVE CALL$ ME = TRY+ TO 9TRODUCE EQUALITY60 

,! IDEAL ( ! NEW WORLD WAS NOT WELLBE+1 BUT ACCUMULATION4 ,?R\< A COMPLEX 9T]ACTION ( LEGALITY & VIOL5CE1 A FEW' M5 GA!R$ ALL ! NEW WEAL? 9TO !IR H&S4 ,L&1 EV5 :AT HAD =M]LY BE5 COMMON L&1 WAS *ANNEL$ 9TO ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( A FEW4 ,A FEW M5 BECAME [N]S ( ! FACTORIES1 ! MA*9ES1 ! RES\RCES1 ! FOOD1 ! KN[L$GE4 ,:ATEV] C\LD POSSIBLY BE ACCUMULAT$ WAS ACCUMULAT$4 ,! NEW WEAL? CAME FROM ! IMPOV]I%M5T ( PEOPLE ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,! NEW P[] WAS US$ NOT TO B5EFIT M51 BUT TO REPRESS !M4 ,! NEW KN[L$GE WAS PUT TO ! S]VICE ( P[]4 

,?OMAS ,MORE CAME TO BE WOR%IP$ AS A SA9T3 M5 TURN$ !IR ATT5TION AWAY FROM HIS IDEAL & TO HIS P]SON1 AWAY FROM HIS SPIRIT & TO HIS BODY2 & ,MORE'S ,UTOPIA WAS LEFT TO GA!R DU/4 ,BABEUF WAS GUILLOT9$4 ,HE WAS NOT P]MITT$ TO SEE HIS *ILDR5 BE=E HE DI$4 ,HE NEV]!LESS CALL$ \T TO !M4 0,I HAVE ONLY ONE BITT] REGRET TO EXPRESS TO Y\3 ?AT1 ?\< ,I HAVE WANT$ SO MU* TO LEAVE Y\ A H]ITAGE ( ?AT LIB]TY :I* IS ! S\RCE ( EV]Y GOOD1 ,I =ESEE = ! FIITURE ONLY SLAV]Y1 & ?AT ,I AM LEAV+ Y\ A PREY TO EV]Y ILL4 ,I HAVE NO?+ AT ALL TO GIVE Y\6 ,I W\LD NOT LEAVE Y\ EV5 MY CIVIC VIRTUES MY PR(\ND HATR$ ( TYRANNY1 MY >D5T DEVOTION TO ! CAUSE ( ,LIB]TY & ,EQUALITY1 MY PASSIONATE LOVE ( ! ,PEOPLE4 ,I %\LD MAKE Y\ TOO DISA/R\S A PRES5T4 ,:AT W\LD Y\ DO ) IT UND] ! MON>*IC OPPRESSION :I* IS 9FALLIBLY GO+ TO DESC5D ON Y\8 ,I AM LEAV+ Y\ SLAVES1 & IT IS ?IS ?\<T ALONE :I* WILL TORTURE MY S\L 9 ITS F9AL MOM5TS4 ,I %\LD EQUIP Y\1 9 ?IS SITUATION1 ) ADVICE AS TO H[ TO BE> Y\R *A9S MORE PATI5TLY1 BUT ,I DO NOT FEEL ?AT ,I AM CAPABLE ( IT40.<#a#i.> 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aif 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 

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