,! ,NEW ,]A 

#ahif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

,! FOLL[+ ADDRESS IS ONE ) :I* ,KROPOTK9 OP5$ A S]IES ( MEET+S 9 ,LONDON1 :I* \R FRI5DS ( ! ,FRE$OM GR\P PROPOSE TO GIVE = ! ,AN>*I/IC PROPAG&A4 ,TO \R REGUL> READ]S ?IS ADDRESS WILL CONTA9 MU* )1 :I* !Y >E ALREADY FAMILI>2 BUT NEW READ]S MAY BE 9T]E/$ 9 ! FOLL[+ SUMM>Y ( ! SUBJECT3 

,?IS ADDRESS IS ! FIR/ ( A S]IES ORGANIZ$ TO DISCUSS ! SUBJECTS ( ,AN>*ISM & ,COMMUNISM1 & BE=E 5T]+ UPON ! MATT] PROP]1 \R COMRADES HAVE ASK$ ME TO GIVE AN \TL9E ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,I N[ PROCE$ TO DO ?IS1 BUT CONFESS ?AT ,I %\LD HAVE FELT 9F9ITELY HAPPI] IF1 9/EAD ( BE+ LIMIT$ TO A M]E SKET*1 IT W]E POSSIBLE = ME TO HAVE T5 OR A DOZ5 EV5+S ON :I* TO UNFOLD ALL !RE IS TO BE SAID UPON ,AN>*ISM 2 ! SUBJECT IS AT ONCE SO VA/ & DEM&S SU* CONT9UAL EXPLANATION4 0,N[1 :51 AFT] BE+ A MEMB] ( SOME SOCIALI/ OR RADICAL GR\P1 WE 5T] ! RANKS ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 WE >E 9CL9$ TO LOOK UPON ,AN>*ISM AS SIMPLY A MODE ( ACTION :I* IS TO LEAD ) GREAT] DIRECTNESS & C]TA9TY TO ! 5D WE PROPOSE TO ATTA9--?AT IS1 ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

,BUT1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 AS WE ASSIMILATE IT1 WE BECOME IMPASSION$ OV] ?IS ,AN>*I/IC IDEAL1 & WE DISCOV] ?AT1 F> FROM BE+ A ,UTOPIAN OR A PURELY SPECULATIVE CONCEPTION1 ?IS IDEAL IS ! RESULT ( AN 9NATE T5D5CY IMPLANT$ 9 HUMAN ,SOCIETY -- A T5D5CY :I* HAS EV] =M$ ! /R5G? ( ! MASSES1 & :I*1 ?R\<\T ! C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 HAS PRES]V$ !M FROM BE+ COMPLETELY 5SLAV$ BY A M9ORITY EAG] = RI*ES & P[]4 

,/ILL LAT]1 AS WE BEG9 TO CONSID] ! RELATIONS ?AT EXI/ BETWE5 \R HI/ORICAL & SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTIONS & \R ACCEPT$ VIEWS ( ! FACTS ( NATURE1 WE DISC]N LITTLE BY LITTLE ?AT ! ,AN>*I/IC CONCEPTION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS =MS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! IDEAS :I*1 ESPECIALLY AT ! CLOSE ( ?IS C5TURY1 >E ?R[+ A NEW LI<T UPON \R VIEWS ( NATURAL FACTS2 ?AT EV5 ! V]Y =M ( ,AN>*I/IC ?\<T DIFF]S ESS5TIALLY FROM ?AT :I* =MS AT PRES5T ! BASIS ( ALL SCI5TIFIC ?\<T1 & ?AT W]E ?IS NEW ME?OD ( ?9K+ APPLI$ TO KN[L$GE G5]ALLY1 ! ASPECT ( SCI5CE W\LD BE MAT]IALLY ALT]$4 

,= ,AN>*ISM IS MORE ?AN A ME?OD ( ACTION1 MORE ?AN A ,UTOPIA1 MORE ?AN A M]E SOCIAL !ORY4 

,IT IS ! APPLICATION TO SOCIAL MATT]S ( A MANN] ( ?9K+1 ( REASON+1 ( CONCEIV+ ( NATURAL FACTS1 9 A WORD ( PHILOSOPHY1 W9* IS N[ 9 V]Y TRU? DAWN+ UPON ! ?9K]S ( ! DAY & :I* WILL UND\BT$LY MATURE 9TO ! PHILOSOPHY ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,\R IDEAS ON SOCIAL PH5OM5A *ANGE AT ! SAME TIME ) \R IDEAS UPON ! UNIV]SE & CURR5T KN[L$GE4 

0,I HAVE1 !RE=E1 TO CONSID] ,AN>*ISM UND] ?REE ASPECTS3 ,AS A MODE ( ACTION1 AS A SOCIAL !ORY & AS P>T ( A G5]AL SY/EM ( PHILOSOPHY4 ,ONLY1 ,I %ALL TAKE !M 9 ! 9V]SE ORD]1 & AFT] HAV+ DEVELOP$ C]TA9 IDEAS 9 ORD] TO CONNECT \R PR9CIPLES ) ! ACCEPT$ CONCEPTION ( NATURAL FACTS4 ,I WILL CONSID] ,AN>*ISM AS A SOCIAL !ORY1 & LA/LY AS A MODE ( ACTION4 

,Y\ MU/1 ,I AM SURE1 :5 READ+ WORKS UPON ! G5]AL DEVELOPM5T ( HUMAN ?\<T1 HAVE MET ) ! FOLL[+ JU/ REFLECTION3 ,?AT DUR+ A C]TA9 P]IOD MAN BELIEV$ ?AT TIME E>? WAS ! C5T] ( ! UNIV]SE1 & ?AT SUN1 PLANETS & />S ALL REVOLV$ >\ND \R GLOBE 9 F\R-&-TW5TY H\RS4 ,MAN BE+ ! SUP]IOR BE+ UPON ! E>?1 ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE EXI/$ = HIM4 ,= HIM1 ! SUN1 ! MOON & />S1 RESPECTIVELY1 REVOLV$ UPON !IR ORBITS >\ND ?IS E>?1 HIS HABITATION2 ONE & ALL HAD BE5 CREAT$ = HIM1 & ! SUPPOS$ CREATOR ( ! UNIV]SE WAT*$ OV] HIM 9 ORD] TO PROTECT HIM FROM A POSSIBLE CONFUSION ( !SE ELEM5TS & FROM ?AT ELEM5T ( EVIL--! DEVIL4 ,?IS SCI5CE & ?IS PHILOSOPHY REIGN$ SUPREME DUR+ ! D>K P]IOD ( MAN'S SUBJECTION4 ,! P[]FUL !OCRACIES ( ! ,EA/ BECAME !IR \TW>D EXPRESSION4 

,BUT AS IDEAS & M5 BEGAN TO ?R[ (F ! YOKE ( RELIGION IT WAS P]CEIV$ ?AT A F> TOO IMPORTANT POSITION HAD BE5 ASSIGN$ TO ! E>? & TO MAN4 ,IT WAS DISCOV]$ ?AT ! SUN WAS ! C5T] ( \R PLANET>Y SY/EM2 ?AT ?IS SUN1 IMM5SE AS IT WAS 9 COMP>ISON TO ! E>?1 WAS BUT A GRA9 ( S& AMONG MILLIONS ( O!R SUNS1 AS L>GE1 & L>G]1 ?AN \R [N4 

,9 EV]Y WORK ( PHILOSOPHICAL HI/ORY Y\ WILL F9D BRILLIANT PAGES PORTRAY+ ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS *ANGE ( IDEAS UPON ! /RUCTURE ( ! WORLD4 ,ALL ! ?\<T ( ! P]IOD 9 ITS 5TIRE APPLICATION TO SOCIAL RELATIONS FELT ! REB\ND2 & MANY A NO LESS BRILLIANT PAGE C\LD HE WRITT5 TO DEMON/RATE H[ ! MAT]IAL 5FRAN*ISEM5T ( MAN 9FLU5C$ HIS CONCEPTIONS UPON ! COSMOGONY ( ! UNIV]SE4 

,WELL1 N[1 AN ANALOG\S FACT IS OCCURR+ TODAY4 ,WE >E 5T]+ UPON AN ]A :5 EXACTLY AS IMPORTANT A *ANGE IS TAK+ PLACE ?R\<\T ALL SCI5TIFIC1 ALL PHILOSOPHICAL ?\<T4 ,A NEW PHILOSOPHY IS >IS+1 & ,AN>*ISM1 F> FROM BE+ A SIMPLE ,UTOPIA1 OR1 AS HAS NOT UNFREQU5TLY BE5 SAID1 A CRUDE !ORY1 APPE>S ON ! CONTR>Y AS AN ESS5TIAL & FUNDAM5TAL P>T ( ?IS NEW PHILOSOPHY--?AT P>T1 9 FACT1 :I* TREATS ( \R SOCIAL RELATIONS4 

,REMEMB] ALWAYS ! CONCEPTION ( ! UNIV]SE ( :I* ,I HAVE JU/ SPOK54 ,! ,NEWTONIAN PHILOSOPHY 7OR1 RA!R1 ?AT PHILOSOPHY :I*1 9 APPROPRIAT+ ! DISCOV]IES ( ,NEWTON1 OV]P[]$ ! LA/ ?REE C5TURIES7 TOLD US ( A SUN :I* WAS ! LORD ( ! PLANET>Y SY/EM4 ,HE IT WAS :O *A9$ D[N ! E>?1 ! PLANETS & ! COMETS TO !IR ORBITS4 ,BY HIS P[]FUL ATTRACTION HE KEPT !M )9 /AT$ DI/ANCES & COMPELL$ !M TO REVOLVE >\ND HIM 9 WIDE CIRCLES4 ,HE WAS ! HE>T1 ! S\L1 ! K+--! GOV]NOR ( ! SY/EM4 ,ORD]1 P]FECT AMID RIGID1 REIGN$ ?R\<\T ?IS SY/EM1 ?ANKS TO HIS P[]2 & W]E !RE FACTORS ( DISORD] OR DI/URBANCE1 !SE W]E HUT ( A PASS+ NATURE4 ,SOON ! =CE ( ATTRACTION ( ! ALL-P[]FUL /> RE/OR$ ! EQUILIBRIUM1 & DUR+ 9F9ITE P]IODS ( TIME ?IS ORD] W\LD LA/1 BECAUSE ! DI/URBANCES !MSELVES MUTUALLY ACCOMODAT$ OR DE/ROY$ EA* O!R SO AS TO REE/ABLI% ! ORDA9$ CYCLE4 0,WOR%IP ! LUM9\S />6 ,S+ TO ! GLORY ( ! GREAT GEOMETRICIAN60 CRI$ ! A/RONOM]4 

0,TO-DAY ALL ?IS IS *ANG$40 

,IT HAS BE5 DISCOV]$ ?AT ! VA/ SPACE BEYOND !SE PLANETS & SUNS IS PEOPL$ BY O!RS EXTREMELY M9UTE--SMALL MASSES ( MATT] !SE1 :I* CIRCULATE 9 EV]Y S5SE1 HAV+ EA* !IR [N DI/9CT LIFE1 & :OSE EFFECTS1 9F9ITESIMAL AS !Y RESPECTIVELY MAY BE1 >E YET SO IMM5SE :5 TAK5 TOGE!R ?AT !Y COMPLETELY MODIFY ! =CE ( ! GIANTS PLAC$ 9 ! C5T] ( ! SY/EM4 ,KANT & ,LAPLACE D]IV$ ! PLANETS FROM ONE C5TRAL MASS4 ,TO-DAY WE DISPLACE ! C5T] ( GRAVITY4 ,! C5TRAL MASS OR AGGLOM]ATION1 IS ITSELF BUT ! RESULT ( ! ACTION ( !SE 9F9ITELY SMALL MOLECULES ( MATT]1 & IT IS !SE LITTLE ,P>IAHS :O BUILD UP ! PLANETS1 :O RETA9 ! HEAT 9 ! SUN1 :O BY !IR RAPID REVOLUTIONS MA9TA9 ! LIFE ( ! :OLE4 ,ONE /EP FUR!R1 & ATTRACTION ITSELF1 :I* HAS 7CONTR>Y TO ,NEWTON7 BE5 PLAC$ 9 ! C5T] ( \R RADIANT SUN1 BECOMES BUT ! RESULT ( ! MOVEM5TS ( MOLECULES--( ! 9F9ITELY SMALL4 

,9 A WORD1 )\T 5T]+ FUR!R 9TO TE*NICAL DETAIL1 UP TO ! PRES5T TIME WE HAVE BE5 ACCU/OM$ TO CONSID] ! :OLE & ITS RESULT1 )\T 9QUIR+ P>TICUL>LY 9TO ! ORIG9 ( ?IS RESULT OR L+]+ OV] ! HUMBLE UNITS :I* GO TO =M ! :OLE4 ,N[1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 \R ATT5TION IS FIX$ ON ! V]Y P>TICLES UPON :I* WE HAVE HI!RTO B>ELY CA/ A FURTIVE GLANCE1 ) ! RESULT ?AT BE=E LONG WE %ALL BE 5ABL$ TO DECIPH] EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL ACTION ( & EA* 9DIVIDUAL UNIT ?AT HELPS TO =M ! GR& TOTAL4 ,A MA!MATICIAN1 :5 /UDY+ A :OLE--?AT IS1 A GIV5 QUANTITY & ITS RESULTANT--W\LD REM>K3 0,WE >E TO-DAY AB\T TO FIX \R ATT5TION UPON ! M9UTE P>TS ( :I* ?IS :OLE IS COMPOS$40 

,SU* IS ! PO9T TO :I* A/RONOMY IS T5D+1 & NOT A/RONOMY ALONE1 BUT ! G5]AL CONCEPTION ( ! UNIV]SE-COSMOGONY4 

,N[1 :AT WE SEE OCCURR+ 9 ! /UDY ( ! UNIV]SE IS BE+ REPEAT$ 9 EV]Y BRAN* ( SCI5CE1 9CLUD+ ?AT :I* TREATS ( ! RELATIONS ( MANK9D4 

,AN>*ISM =MS1 9 FACT1 ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>TS ( \R ME?OD ( CONCEIV+ ( NATURE-A PHILOSOPHY :I* PROCLAIMS ITSELF & :I* MI<T BE T]M$ SYN!TIC PHILOSOPHY1 IF ,SP5C] HAD NOT ALREADY EMPLOY$ ?AT NAME TO DESIGNATE A SY/EM FROM :I* HE HAS DRAWN SO MANY 9COMPLETE & CONTRADICTORY CONCLUSIONS1 IF FREQU5TLY OPPOS$ TO \R [N4 

,AN>*I/IC ?\<T IS ?US BUT A BRAN* ( ?AT G5]AL ME?OD ( REASON+ :I* PROMISES TO BECOME ! PHILOSOPHICAL ?\<T ( ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD4 

,A FEW O!R EXAMPLES1 TAK5 ALSO FROM ! DOMA9 ( SCI5CE1 WILL EV5 MORE CLE>LY E/ABLI% ?IS IDEA4 

,A SIMIL> *ANGE IS TAK+ PLACE 9 ! SCI5CES :I* TREAT ( ANIMATE BE+S4 

,:]E HI!RTO M5 SPOKE ( CREATION OR ( ! APPE>ANCE ( SPECIES1 !Y TO-DAY /UDY ! V>IATIONS :I* OCCUR 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( 5VIRONM5T & ( ! ADAPTATIONS ( !IR ORGANS TO CONDITIONS :I* V>Y EV]Y DAY4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL HIMSELF IS TREAT$ AS A COMPLEX BE+1 AS A COLONY ( 9F9ITELY M9UTE ATOMS1 ASSOCIAT$ TOGE!R1 YET EA* RETA9+ ITS [N DI/9CT LIFE4 ,! DIV]S ORGANS ( PLANTS1 ( ANIMALS1 ( M51 >E CONSID]$ AS A COLLECTION ( CELLS1 OR RA!R ( ORGANISMS LIV+ EA* ITS [N LIFE & ASSOCIAT+ TOGE!R = ! PURPOSE ( =M+ ORGANS1 :I* 9 !IR TURN GR\P !MSELVES TOGE!R1 YET EA* PRES]V+ ITS [N 9DIVIDUALITY ?R\<\T--! :OLE GO+ TO =M ! COMPLETE 9DIVIDUAL4 0,MAN01 REPLIES ! PHYSIOLOGI/ ( TO-DAY1 0IS NOT A BE+60 ,HE IS A COLONY ( MICRO-ORGANISMS1 ( CELLS GR\P$ 9TO ORGANS4 ,/UDY !M1 /UDY !SE GR\P+S1 IF Y\ WI% TO KN[ :AT MAN IS40 

,=M]LY WE W]E TOLD ( ! S\L ( MAN1 :I* WAS 5D[$ ) A SEP>ATE1 AN ALMO/ ISOLAT$1 EXI/5CE4 ,TO-DAY WE DISCOV] ?AT :AT WAS CALL$ ! S\L OR SPIRIT ( MAN IS AN EXCESSIVELY COMPLEX ?+1 A COLLECTION1 AN AGGLOM]ATION ( FACULTIES1 EA* ( :I* REQUIRES TO BE /UDI$ SEP>ATELY4 ,!Y >E1 ( C\RSE1 9TIMATELY ASSOCIAT$2 NO ACTIVITY CAN MANIFE/ ITSELF 9 ONE )\T EV]Y O!R RESPOND+ TO ! CALL4 ,BUT EA* POSSESSES ITS [N LIFE1 EA* ITS [N C5T] ( ACTIVITY1 ! ORGANS4 ,& 9/EAD ( BE+ ! SCI5CE ( ! PSY*IC FACULTIES APP]TA9+ TO ! 9DIVIDUAL AS A :OLE1 PSY*OLOGY BECOMES A /UDY ( ! SEP>ATE FUNCTIONS ( :I* ! LIFE ( ?AT 9DIVIDUAL IS COMPOS$4 

,BUT IT IS ESPECIALLY 9 SOCIOLOGY ?AT ! *ANGE BECOMES MO/ APP>5T4 

,I WILL NOT SPEAK ( HI/ORY1 BECAUSE Y\ ALL KN[ H[ ! PO9T ( VIEW ON ?AT SUBJECT IS *ANG$1 H[ ! CULT ( 0H]OES0 DISAPPE>S1 & H[1 ! MORE IT IS /UDI$1 ! ROLE ( ! MASSES ACQUIRES IMPORTANCE1 H[ ! GREAT DE$S ( HI/ORY APPE> MORE & MORE AS ! RESULT ( ?\S&S ( 9DIVIDUAL WILLS4 ,:O IS !RE :O HAS NOT P]CEIV$ ?IS1 EV5 %\LD HE ONLY HAVE READ ! W> ( #ahab AS DEPICT$ BY ,TOL/OY8 ,NO1 WE DO NOT NE$ TO SPEAK ( HI/ORY2 BUT LET US TAKE1 = 9/ANCE1 POLITICAL ECONOMY4 

,! F\ND] ( ?IS SY/EM1 ,ADAM ,SMI?1 5TITL$ HIS WORK 0,! ,WEAL? ( ,NATIONS40 ,! PRODUCTS ( NATIONS1 !IR IMPORTS & EXPORTS1 !IR RATES ( EX*ANGE1 ETC41 W]E :AT !N OCCUPI$ ! POLITICAL ECONOMI/4 ,BUT TO-DAY POLITICAL ECONOMY NO LONG] 9T]E/S ITSELF ) ! WEAL? ( NATIONS4 ,IT WI%ES TO KN[ IF ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IF EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 HAS HIS WANTS SUPPLI$4 ,IT 'NO LONG] DESIRES TO MEASURE ! WEAL? ( A NATION BY ! VALUE ( ITS EX*ANGES4 ,IT MEASURES ?IS BY ! NUMB] ( ITS PROSP]\S 9DIVIDUALS1 AS COMP>$ ) ! NUMB] ( ?OSE VEGETAT+ 9 MIS]Y4 ,! PO9T ( VIEW IS 5TIRELY *ANG$2 SO ?AT N[1 BE=E WRIT+ UPON ! WEAL? ( NATIONS1 ! /UD5T W\LD CONSID] IT NECESS>Y TO GO FROM H\SE TO H\SE1 TO KNOCK AT EV]Y DOOR & 9QUIRE ( ?OSE BEH9D EA* :E!R !Y HAD HAD A MEAL1 :E!R EA* *ILD HAS A CLEAN B$1 :E!R 9 EA* H\SEHOLD !RE WAS BREAD = TO-MORR[4 ,! NE$S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! MEASURE ( !IR SUPPLY--SU* IS ! MAT]IAL REQUIR$ BY ! POLITICAL ECONOMY DEVELOP+ ITSELF TO-DAY4 

,&1 F9ALLY1 9 POLITICS1 WE NO LONG] ASK :AT IS ! PRECISE =M 9SCRIB$ UPON ! CODE ( EA* NATION1 :AT ! DI/9CTIVE M>K ( ! ,/ATE4 ,WE DESIRE TO KN[ H[ F> EA* 9DIVIDUAL IS FREE1 H[ F> ! NE$S ( EA* LOCAL AUTONOMY >E SATISFI$1 :AT IS ! 9TELLECTUAL LEVEL ( EA* P]SON1 H[ F> EA* IS ! SLAVE ( HIS PREJUDICES1 UP TO :AT PO9T HE IS FREE TO EXPRESS HIS ?\<TS--ALL HIS ?\<TS--1 & TO ACT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! IMPULSES ( HIS M9D & HE>T4 ,IT IS /ILL ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ?AT WE WI% TO KN[1 FEEL+ ?AT ! POLITICAL CONDITION ( A NATION--! RESULT--WILL APPE> ( ITSELF ONCE WE UND]/& ! 9DIVIDUALS :I* COMPOSE IT4 

,9 A WORD1 UPON :I*EV] SIDE ( ! SCI5CES T\*+ ANIMATE & 9ANIMATE NATURE OR HUMAN COMMUNITIES WE TURN \R EYES1 EV]Y:]E WE F9D ?IS EM95TLY *>ACT]I/IC T5D5CY ( ! AGE4 ,=M]LY WE W]E SATISFI$ TO /UDY ! RESULTS1 ! GR& TOTALS2 TO-DAY \R ATT5TION IS FIX$ UPON ! M9UTE 9DIVIDUALITIES COMPOS+ ?OSE SUM-TOTALS4 0,JU/ AS TO ! A/RONOM] \R GREAT C5TRAL /> BECOMES ECLIPS$ BE=E ! MULTITUD9\S LESS] ONES ?R\<\T SPACE1 SO ! NATION1 ! ,/ATE1 APPE>S AS ! SIMPLE PRODUCT ( AGGLOM]ATIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 DEVELOP+1 GR[+ BE=E ! V]Y EYES ( HI/ORIAN1 POLITICAL ECONOMI/1 POLITICIAN & SOCIAL RE=M]4 

,AT ONCE ! PRODUCT & 9/IGATOR ( ?AT ME?OD ( ?\<T :I* N[ BEG9S TO DOM9ATE EV]Y SCI5CE1 ,AN>*ISM IS ! (FSPR+ ( ?AT VA/ IMPULSE1 ?AT GREAT /IRR+ UP ( OP9ION1 :I* IS OV]-MA/]+ ALL M9DS & :I* %\LD GOV]N \R SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT IS ! APPLICATION ( ?IS ME?OD ( ?\<T TO \R ECONOMIC & POLITICAL AFFAIRS AT ! MOM5T :5 MAN IS LIB]AT+ HIMSELF FROM ! PREJUDICES :I* HAVE BE5 =C$ UPON HIM BY RELIGION1 SCI5CE1 $UCATION & LEGISLATION1 :I* REFLECT$ M]E AB/RACTIONS ! BETT] TO LEAD HIM TO =GET ! REALITY--MAN TOIL+1 SUFF]+1 /RUGGL+ 9 MIS]Y4 

,ANO!R IDEA1 NO LESS RI* ,9 CONSEQU5CE1 DAWNS ALSO UPON MOD]N ?\<T4 0,:5 WE NOTE H[ ALL ?+S HOLD TOGE!R 9 ,NATURE1 H[ R>E >E ! CATACLYSMS :I* IT W\LD SEEM MI<T FREQU5TLY DE/ROY ALL LIFE 9 \R GLOBE1 AS WELL AS ! SOL> SY/EMS !MSELVES1 MAN CANNOT BUT CONCEIVE ?AT !RE IS A C]TA9 H>MONY 9 ,NATURE1 & SEEK TO DISCOV] ITS CAUSE4 0,:Y1 = 9/ANCE1 DO !SE PURSUE !IR C\RSE ?R\< SPACE )\T DA%+ AGA9/ & DE/ROY+ ONE ANO!R8 ,:Y DO NOT VOLCANIC ]UPTIONS & SUDD5 SUBSID5CES FROM TIME TO TIME ANNIHILATE :OLE CONT95TS1 5GULF+ !M UND] SUBT]RANEAN LAVA OR B5EA? ! WAVES8 ,:Y DO NOT :OLE SPECIES ( PLANTS & ANIMALS BECOME EXT9CT 9 A FEW YE>S-DEV\R$1 ANNIHILAT$ BY O!R SPECIES8 ,H[ IS IT1 9 FACT1 ?AT HUMAN COMMUNITIES REMA9 SO /ABLE8 ,H[ CAN !Y LA/ )\T BE+ DIS9TEGRAT$ BY 9T]NAL CONVULSIONS8 ,:Y NOT A *AOS ( CONT9UAL CATACLYSMS8 0,TO ?IS QUE/ION1 :I* MAN HAS NEV] CEAS$ TO POSE HIMSELF1 ! ANSW] HAS V>I$ ) ! AGES4 ,=M]LY ! REPLY WAS CONCISE4 ,IT WAS ! ,CREATOR :O PROTECT$ ,HIS [N H&IWORK4 ,LAT] A BETT] SOLUTION (F]$4 ,IT WAS ESPECIALLY 9 \R PRES5T ,JACOB9IC ]A ?AT ! IDEA ( LAW CAME TO BE SUB/ITUT$ = ?AT ( DIV9E >BITR>9ESS4 ,BUT1 9/EAD ( REMA9+ SATISFI$ ) :AT IS CALL$ 0NATURAL LAW0--A SIMPLE SUGGE/ION1 P]CEIV$ BY US1 ?\< )\T A FULL COMPREH5SION ( ! CONDITIONAL *>ACT] ( SU* 0NATURAL LAWS0 7IT BE+ PLA9 ?AT IF ONE ?+ IS PRODUC$ ANO!R LIKE IT MU/ NECESS>ILY BE PRODUC$71 WE CAME BY & BY TO CONSID] ! 0LAW0--?AT IS1 ! RELATION ( PH5OM5A TO EA* O!R TO BE A SOME?+ SUP]IOR TO PH5OM5A1 A SOME?+1 AS IT W]E1 L9K$ TO PH5OM5A1 BUT GOV]N+ & DIRECT+ !M4 0,! :OLE SCI5CE ( \R C5TURY WAS CONCEIV$ UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ?IS IDEA4 ,NOT ONLY ! NATURAL SCI5CES1 BUT ALSO ?OSE TREAT+ ( MAN2 & NOT ONLY HAS ! SCI5CE ( UNIV]SITIES BE5 AFFECT$ BY IT1 BUT ! LANGUAGE ( ! POLITICIAN1 ! RE=M] & ! REVOLUTIONI/4 0,! IDEA ( LAW1 ( CONTROL1 ( ORD]1 IMPOS$ UPON ?+S AS WELL AS 9DIVIDUALS1 P]MEATES ALL \R LANGUAGE1 & WE HE> ! E*O ( IT 9 REVOLUTION>Y MEET+S AS (T5 AS 9 ! C\RTS ( A B\RGEOIS UNIV]SITY4 ,\R :OLE PHILOSOPHY IS T9CTUR$ ) ! ,JACOB9ISM ( #a#g#i#c4 

,BUT A NEW CURR5T IS ALREADY MAK+ ITSELF FELT 9 SCI5CE :I* %\LD BE=E LONG 9FLU5CE ALL \R CONCEPTIONS4 ,IF A C]TA9 H>MONY EXI/S 9 ,NATURE 7?AT IT HAS LIMITS IS WELL TO REMEMB]71 IF FE>FUL CONVULSIONS BUT R>ELY DI/URB ! ORD] ( ! GREAT FACTS ( ,NATURE1 IF EV]Y?+ & EV]Y LIV+ CREATURE F9DS ITSELF MORE OR LESS ADAPT$ TO ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* IT LIVES1 IT IS BECAUSE !Y >E ! PRODUCTS ( !SE V]Y CONDITIONS4 ,IT IS !IR SURR\ND+S :I* HAVE MADE !M :AT !Y 4>E4 

,?IS IS :Y !Y >E NOT 9 DANG] ( DE/RUCTION4 ,! FREE PLAY ( CON/RUCTIVE & DE/RUCTIVE 5]GIES ITSELF CREATES ! ?+S :I* REPRES5T ! MO/ DURABLE EQUILIBRIUM BETWE5 ! OPPOS+ =CES4 ,& IF SU* A H>MONY EXI/S1 IT CAN BUT BE ! RESULT ( !SE =CES CONT9UALLY *ANG+1 CONT9UALLY R5EW$ BY !M1 ACCORD+ TO ! NE$S ( ! H\R4 1 ',IT IS ,LAM>CK & ,F\RI] CLASP+ H&S4 ,! IDEA ( ,LAM>CK APPLI$ TO HUMAN COMMUNITIES2 ! IDEA ( ,F\RI] APPLI$ TO ! PH5OM5A ( NATURE4 

,H>MONY1 ORD]1 :]EV] !RE EXI/S ORD] & H>MONY1 >E NOT ! PRODUCTS ( A DIV9E WILL4 ,NEI!R >E !Y ! PRODUCTS ( LAWS IMPOS$ BY ANYONE S+LE ACTIVE =CE4 ,!Y MA9TA9 !MSELVES SOLELY ON ONE CONDITION-?AT ( BE+ FREELY E/ABLI%$ & 9 EQUILIBRIUM ) ALL O!R =CES MOV+ T[>D ! SAME 5D4 ,IF ! PLAY ( ANY ( !SE 5]GIES IS IMP$$ BY ! HUMAN WILL1 NONE ! LESS DO !Y CONT9UE TO OP]ATE1 BUT !IR EFFECTS WILL ACCUMULATE1 UNTIL ONE DAY ! DAM WILL BUR/1 & !RE 5SUES DISA/]-A DELUGE1 A REVOLUTION4 ,H>MONY IS NOT A ?+ ?AT LA/S 9DEF9ITELY4 ,IT CAN EXI/ ONLY UPON CONDITION ( CONT9UAL MODIFICATION1 ( *ANG+ ITS ASPECT EV]Y MOM5T-= NO?+ EXI/S EI!R 9 ,NATURE OR AMONG HUMAN RELATIONS ?AT DOES NOT *ANGE MOM5T>ILY4 ,CONT9UAL *ANGE IS ! V]Y LIFE ( ,NATURE4 ,& IF !RE IS ?IS H>MONY 9 ,NATURE1 & IF CATACLYSMS >E ALWAYS LOCAL & R>E1 IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE AMONG NATURAL =CES !RE IS NO \TSIDE WILL 5DEAVOR+ TO %ACKLE !IR 5]GIES4 ,EA* MOVES FREELY2 ALL COMM+LE TOGE!R2 & ALL TOGE!R CREATE ?+S :I* LA/1 BECAUSE AMONG ! 9F9ITELY SMALL 5]GIES P]TA9+ TO A WORK1 AS AMONG ! 9DIVIDUALITIES GR\P$ CLOSELY TOGE!R TO =M ! :OLE1 A CLOSE BOND ( SOLID>ITY IS E/ABLI%$4 

,F9ALLY1 WE P]CEIVE ?AT ! H>MONY ( ,NATURE %\LD NOT BE EXAGG]AT$4 ,IF GR[?S :I* IT HAS TAK5 MILLIONS ( YE>S TO =M1 SU*1 = 9/ANCE1 AS LIV+ CREATURES & CONT95TS1 BECOME MODIFI$ ) 9CR$IBLE SL[NESS1 ?AT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) PH5OM5A ( REC5T ORIG94 ,WE MU/ DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! H>MONY ( CELE/IAL SPACES & ?AT ( LIFE1 :I* DEVELOPS ) 9F9ITELY GREAT] SPE$4 1',PLANT & ANIMAL SPECIES V>Y1 & GIVE RISE TO NEW SPECIES F> MORE RAPIDLY ?AN HAS BE5 SUPPOS$4 ,! SAME APPLIES TO GEOLOGICAL *ANGES4 ,) ?IS ORD] ( FACTS EVOLUTION DOES NOT MOVE ) ! SL[ & UNI=M /EP WE DESIR$ TO ATTRIBUTE TO IT4 ,EVOLUTION 9 !SE =MS BECOMES CON/ANTLY 9T]RUPT$ BY LOCAL REVOLUTIONS1 & !SE REVOLUTIONS1 !SE P]IODS ( ACCEL]AT$ EVOLUTION >E EV]Y :IT AS MU* A P>T ( ! H>MONY ( ,NATURE AS ! P]IODS ( SL[ EVOLUTION4 

,!SE1 9 BRIEF1 >E ! TWO GREAT CURR5TS ( IDEAS :I* >E BEG9N+ TO P5ETRATE ! ?\<T ( \R C5TURY4 

,IF WE UND]/& BY PHILOSOPHY1 NOT M]ELY PHYSICAL AB/RACTIONS1 BUT A G5]AL SURVEY ( ALL ! PH5OM5A ( ! UNIV]SE1 ( LIFE1 HUMAN COMMUNITIES & !IR RELATIONS1 AS WELL AS ! APPLICATION ( !SE VIEWS TO EA* LITTLE FACT ( LIFE & DAILY /RUGGLE1 WE CAN AFFIRM ?AT ! :OLE PHILOSOPHY ( ! C5TURY IS AB\T TO SUFF] A PR(\ND MODIFICATION4 ,AN>*ISM IS SIMPLY A P>T ( ?IS G5]AL SURVEY4 ,WE MI<T SAY ?AT IT IS ITS APPLICATION TO ! RELATIONS BETWE5 M5 9 COMMUNITIES1 IF ?\<T AS A RULE DID NOT T5D 9 AN OPPOSITE DIRECTION-?AT ( CON/RUCT+ ! PHILOSOPHY ( ! UNIV]SE FROM A SIMPLE OBS]VATION ( HUMAN AFFAIRS4 

,BUT !RE IS A PR$OM9AT+ FACT :I* IT IS WELL TO NOTE1 ,! PHILOSOPHY :I*1 ON ONE SIDE1 IS ELABORAT$ FROM ! /UDY ( SCI5CE1 &4 ,AN>*ISM ON ! O!R1 >E TWO BRAN*ES ( ! SELFSAME GREAT IMPULSE :I* IS OP]AT+ 9 ! M9DS ( M52 TWO SI/]S ADVANC+1 AS IT W]E1 H& 9 H& TOGE!R2 & ?AT IS :Y WE CAN ASS]T ?AT ,AN>*ISM IS MORE ?AN A ,UTOPIA1 MORE ?AN A !ORY2 IT IS ! G5]AL VIEW+ TOGE!R ( FACTS &4 PH5OM5A :I* IS =C$ UPON US BY \R ]A4 

,WE SEE1 !RE=E1 ?AT ,AN>*ISM IS NOT A ?+ ( YE/]DAY1 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 9 ?IS ADDRESS1 TO 5T] 9TO ! DETAILS ( ITS ORIG91 BUT ?OSE :O WI% TO /UDY !SE WILL F9D TRACES ( !M 9 ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,GREECE4 

,AT BOTTOM1 POPUL> MOVEM5TS HAVE ALWAYS BE5 T+$ ) AN>*I/IC PR9CIPLES1 & EV]Y?+ ?AT HAS BE5 IMPOS$ BY ! M9ORITIES 7AT FIR/ ( SORC]]S1 LAT] ON ( PRIE/S1 SCI5TI/S1 SOLDI]S & LAWY]S7 HAS BE5 CONTR>Y TO !SE AN>*I/IC T5D5CIES ( ! MASSES4 ,! MASSES EV] PROCLAIM+ ! 0DROIT C\TUMI]0 7CU/OM>Y OR ORD9>Y RI<TS72 ! M9ORITIES--,/ATES1 UNIV]SITIES1 ,*RI/IAN *UR*ES & ! LIKE--HABITUALLY IMPOS+ LAW ?AT HAD BE5 ELABORAT$ AMID ! DESPOTISMS ( ! ,EA/1 & TODAY KN[N AS ,ROMAN1 OR RA!R AS ,BYZANT9E1 LAW4 

,! REVOLT #ah YE>S AGO ( ,JUDEA & ! RIS+S 9 ! ,EA/ :I* FOLL[$2 ! RELIGI\S /RUGGLES ( ! N9? C5TURY 9 ,>M5IA2 ?OSE ( ! ,RATIONALI/S 9 ! TWELF? C5TURY2 F9ALLY ?OSE ( ! ,ANABAPTI/S--ALL [$ !IR ORIG9 TO4 ?IS FUNDAM5TAL IDEA3 ,EQUALITY = ALL1 NO PRIVATE =TUNES1 NO LAW O!R ?AN ?AT ( ! CONSCI5CE ( MAN4 ,REC5T RESE>*ES ( ,G]MAN HI/ORIANS DEVELOP ! FACT ?AT ! ,RE=MATION WAS NOT ONLY CO9CID5T )1 BUT 9 REALITY WAS CAUS$ BY ! ,ANABAPTI/ MOVEM5T1 :OSE MEMB]S PREA*$ ! SAME REVOLT AGA9/ LAW & AU?ORITY1 DECL>+ ?AT !RE WAS NO?+ OBLIGATORY 9 CODES1 SU*1 = 9/ANCE1 AS W]E COMPRIS$ )9 ! ,BIBLE1 O!R ?AN :AT EA* MAN F\ND APPLICABLE TO OR DESIR\S = HIS [N NE$S4 ,!SE HI/ORIANS PROVE CLE>LY ?AT ! :OLE WEI<T ( ! /RUGGLE ( ?AT C5TURY WAS BORNE BY ! ,ANABAPTI/S2 MASSACR$ IMM$IATELY BY ! ?\S& ONCE ! ,LU!RAN ,*UR*--BY AU?ORITY & 0,ROMAN RI<T10 ( C\RSE--TOOK ! LEAD ( ! MOVEM5T4 

,UN=TUNATELY ALL !SE MOVEM5TS LOOK$ TO RELIGION = !IR SUPPORT4 ,BUT EV5 :5 ! PHILOSOPHY ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY F9ALLY BROKE AWAY FROM ALL RELIGI\S TRADITION & TURN$ T[>D SCI5CE = SUPPORT1 IT WAS /ILL AN>*I/IC4 ,AT ITS ORIG9 IT ANN\NC$ ! PR9CIPLES :I* TO-DAY >E ! F\NDATION ( \R IDEAS1 ,?US1 FROM AN 9TELLECTUAL /&PO9T1 WE >E ! DIRECT DESC5DANTS ( ?IS PHILOSOPHY2 & FROM ! /&PO9T ( ACTION & ! IDEAL1 WE >E ! DESC5DANTS ( ALL ! POPUL> MOVEM5TS :I* HAVE OCCURR$ 9 HI/ORY4 ,:ATEV] !IR \TW>D ASPECT1 !IR ESS5CE HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! SAME--,COMMUNISM & ,AN>*ISM4 

,SO MU* = \R ORIG94 ,LET US N[ PASS ON TO A /ATEM5T ( \R IDEAS4 

,UNTIL ! PRES5T TIME POLITICAL ECONOMY OCCUPI$ ITSELF SOLELY ) ! WEAL? ( NATIONS1 ,AT />T+1 IT /UDI$ ! ANNUAL /ATI/ICS ( CAPITAL 9 ! H&S ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES1 BAS+ ITS /UDIES UPON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT :5 A NATION IS WEAL?Y [+ TO ! NUMB] ( ITS POSSESS+ CLASSES1 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 9 ?AT NATION WILL ALSO BE WEAL?Y4 ,BUT TO-DAY WE KN[ ?IS SUPPOSITION TO BE FALSE1 & UND] ! IMPELL+ P[] ( \R ]A \R ATT5TION IS DRAWN TO EA* COMPON5T MEMB] ( ! NATION4 ,SU* ALSO IS \R ME?OD ( 9T]PRET+ SOCIAL ECONOMY4 ,WE /UDY ! 9DIVIDUALS1 !IR NECESSITIES & ! MEANS ( !IR SATISFACTION4 

,WE 5T] ! COTTAGE ( ! PEASANT1 ! ROOM OR HOVEL ( ! LABOR]1 ! H\SE OR ! PALACE ( ! RI*4 ,WE !RE /UDY !IR REQUIREM5TS & ! MEASURE ( !IR SUPPLY1 ,WE !N DISCOV] ?AT ?REE-F\R?S1 IF NOT N9E-T5?S1 ( SOCIETY IS 9 NE$ ( ! ACTUAL NECESS>IES ( LIFE4 ,M5 TOIL1 MO/ ( !M1 9DE$1 >E CRU%$ BY OV]WORK1 NOT)/&+ :I* !Y LACK EV]Y?+4 ,WE F9D 9SUFFICI5T N\RI%M5T1 WANT ( CLO?+1 AN ABS5CE ( ALL ?AT IS CONSID]$ ESS5TIAL NOT ALONE BY ! LAWS ( MOD]N HYGI5E1 BUT EV5 ( SU* HYGI5IC CONDITIONS AS >E TO BE F\ND AMONG PEOPLES /ILL BACKW>D 9 CIVILIZATION4 

,! *ILDR5 EV5 CANNOT SATISFY !IR HUNG]4 ,EV]Y:]E 9 CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES WE HE> ! CRY3 0,! *ILDR5 >E EMACIAT$ 2 !Y CANNOT BE TAU<T1 = !Y COME TO S*OOL ) EMPTY /OMA*S4 ,WE MU/-HAVE BREAD = !SE FAMI%$ TITTLE BE+S BE=E 9/RUCTION IS POSSIBLE40 ,! SMALL AM\NT ( BREAD !Y REQUIRE IS WANT+ 9 !IR FAMILIES4 ,:ILE AS TO !IR CLO?+1 WE HAVE ALL READ ) HORROR ! DESCRIPTION GIV5 BUT A FEW MON?S S9CE ( ! RAGS1 OR ABS5CE ( CLO?+1 ON ! LITTLE *ILDR5 FROM ,:ITE*APEL1 :O FLOCK$ TO ! EV5+ REUNIONS ORGANIZ$ = !IR B5EFIT4 ,WE ALL SEE !SE RAGS 9 CITY SUBURBS3 WE ALL KN[ ! LITTLE NEWSBOYS :O RUN B>EFOOT AT NI<T ?R\< ! FROZ5 MUD ( SU* CITIES AS ,NEWCA/LE & ,GLASG[1 OR1 :O1 NUMB$ ) COLD1 S9K EXHAU/$ UPON ! POR*ES ( M]*ANT PR9CES' PALACES 9 M>ITIME CITIES4 

,&--BUT :AT NE$ TO SPEAK ( ! HOVELS ( ! WORK+ POPULATION 9 CITY OR C\NTRY :5 :OLE VOLUMES HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ ON ! SUBJECT8 ,VOLUMES ?AT MAY WELL REMA9 LITTLE BETT] ?AN WA/E PAP]4 

,WANT ( N\RI%M5T1 WANT ( CLO?+1 WANT ( H\S+ ALL ALONG ! L9E4 ,WANT ( EV]Y?+ ?AT R5D]S LIFE 9 EV] SO LITTLE A DEGREE PLEASANT OR 9TELLECTUAL4 ,:O IS !RE TO-DAY :O W\LD D>E TO DISPUTE !SE FACTS8 

,& /ILL WE >E TOLD ( ! PROGRESS ?AT HAS ALREADY BE5 MADE1 & :I* IS TO BE SO MU* GREAT] 9 ! FUTURE4 ,WELL1 WE HA/5 TO ADMIT ?IS PROGRESS :]E WE F9D IT4 

,C]TA9LY ! PEASANTS ( ,FRANCE >E F> LESS WRET*$ TODAY ?AN !Y W]E A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO4 ,BE=E !Y HAD BROK5 ! BONDS ( S]FDOM & RETAK5 POSSESSION ( SOME SMALL PORTION ( ! L&S /OL5 FROM !IR ,COMMUNES BY ! NOBLES1 !Y W]E C]TA9LY MORE MIS]ABLE ?AN !Y >E AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,LET US AT ONCE GRANT ! B5EFITS GA9$ BETWE5 #a#g#h#i-#a#g#i#c4 ,BUT WE CANNOT =GET1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT IF ! ,FR5* PEASANTRY NO LONG] AS DROVES ( BEGG>S TRAMP ALONG ! HI<ROADS BY ! ?\S&1 IT IS BECAUSE ! MO/ POV]TY-/RICK5 AMONG !M HAVE ALREADY MIGRAT$ TO ! T[NS1 & ?AT WE N[ F9D !M 9 CITY SUBURBS--PROLET>IANS VA/LY MORE WRET*$ ?AN W]E !IR =EFA!RS ( ! C\NTRYSIDE4 

,AGA91 WE CANNOT BUT NOTE A GREAT IMPROVEM5T 9 ,5GLI% MANUFACTUR+ C5T]S IF WE COMP>E ! >TISAN ( TO-DAY ) HIS BRO!R ( #a#h#d4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT H]E ALSO ! DREGS ( ?OSE SUFF]+ ! GREATE/ POV]TY HAVE BE5 DRA9$ 9TO ! SUBURBS ( ,LONDON1 ,GLASG[ OR ,BIRM+HAM1 BUT ?OSE REMA9+ BEH9D 5JOY MORE EASE ?AN DID !IR FA!RS BETWE5 ! YE>S ( #a#h#d-#a#h#d#h1 ,BUT !N1 AS WE >E N[ AW>E1 ?AT P]IOD WAS ONE ( ! D>KE/ & MO/ T]RIBLE KN[N TO MOD]N HI/ORY4 ,IT WAS ! P]IOD ( ! FIR/ UNBRIDL$ EXPLOITATION ON ! P>T :51 VULTURE-LIKE1 IT SWOOP$ D[N ON POPULATIONS SUBDU$ BY B\RGEOIS LAW1 DESPOIL$ ( !IR L&S1 R$UC$ TO HUNG]1 DIS>M$ = SIX C5TURIES4 ,EUROPE HAD NEV] KN[N AN ]A SO DISA/R\S AS ?IS ( A VICTORI\S CAPITALISM BECOME A MA/] ( M5 BY ! LAW ?AT MADE HANG+ ! P5ALTY = /RIKES1 & BY ! HUNG] ?AT PREY$ UPON A PEASANTRY HUNT$ FROM !IR L&S4 

,IT IS EASY TO SPEAK ( AMELIORATION :5 TAK+ ?IS EPO* AS ! PO9T ( COMP>ISON4 ,BUT IF WE LOOK BACK A HUNDR$1 TWO HUNDR$1 OR EV5 ?REE HUNDR$ YE>S1 ! SC5E *ANGES COMPLETELY4 ,:5 WE TURN1 NOT TO ?OSE ECONOMI/S :O REA* !IR CONCLUSIONS (F-H&1 BUT TO ?OSE :O HAVE SP5T !IR LIVES 9 ! /UDY ( PRICES & WAGES--M5 LIKE ,?OROLD ,ROG]S1 ! ,OX=D PR(ESSOR--WE SEE ?AT ! PROSP]ITY ( ! BE/ PAID LABOR] OR >TISAN ( TO-DAY IS GREATLY 9F]IOR TO ?AT ( ! HUMBLE/ LABOR] OR WORK+MAN ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,! DAILY /ATEM5T ( WAGES 9S]T$ 9 ! REGI/]S ( ?AT P]IOD & ! PRICE ( COMMODITIES NOT$ UPON ! RECORDS ( SALES >E !RE TO PROVE IT 

,CONFRONT$ ) SU* FACTS AS !SE1 ! PANEGYRI/S ( B\RGEOIS PROGRESS W\LD DO BETT] TO KEEP A DISCREET SIL5CE4 

,AT ALL EV5TS1 ! WELL PAID WORKM5 =M ! M9ORITY4 ,:AT1 !N AB\T ! O!RS 8 ,! PATI5T RESE>*ES ( ,*>LES ,BOO? 7! /ATI/ICIAN7 WILL TELL US4 ,HIS 9QUIRY MADE FROM H\SE TO H\SE 9 ! PROVES ?AT \T ( ! FIVE MILLION 9HABITANTS ( ?AT GREAT CITY1 ONE MILLION & A HALF--MORE ?AN A QU>T] ( ! POPULATION--HAVE NOT SO MU* AS EI<TE5 %ILL+S 7@s#d4#c#e7 A WEEK 7& BY FAMILY7 ASSUR$ TO !M4 ,:5 !Y >E C]TA9 ( ! MEAG] PITTANCE !Y CONSID] !MSELVES HAPPY4 ,BUT DUR+ TWO1 ?REE OR F\R MON?S ( ! YE> !Y >E UNABLE TO MAKE EV5 ?IS SUM P] FAMILY1 & !IR DI/RESS ACCORD+LY BECOMES EXTREME4 ,&1 REMEMB]1 IT IS NOT T5 OR TW5TY ?\S& PEOPLE :O >E ?US SITUAT$1 IT IS MORE ?AN A QU>T] ( ! POPULATION ( ! WEAL?IE/ COMM]CIAL CAPITAL 9 ! WORLD4 

,:AT AB\T O!R CITIES8 ,:AT AB\T ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION1 :OSE MAXIMUM GA9S P] FAMILY AM\NT TO SOME @s#c A WEEK1 & :O >E ONLY SECURE ( ?AT :5 ! WEA!R IS OP5 & !Y >E ABLE TO WORK8 ,F9ALLY1 :AT ( ?AT POPULATION ( \R L>GE CITIES--,I MEAN ?OSE ?\S&S :O HAVE NO?+1 & YET HAVE TO LIVE FROM DAY TO DAY8 

,NOTE1 MOREOV]1 ?AT ?IS QU>T]1 OR RA!R ?IS ?IRD ( ! URBAN POPULATION ( ,5GL&--( ! C\NTRY1 ?AT IS1 :I* HAS ATTA9$ ! GREATE/ 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T1 & :I* EXI/S AT ! EXP5SE ( ! 5TIRE WORLD OV] & ABOVE ITS [N NATURAL RI*ES-- NOTE ?AT !SE MILLIONS ONLY E>N ?IS UNC]TA9 @s#c OR @s#d4#c#e AS LONG AS !RE IS NO CRISIS4 ,:5 A CRISIS >RIVES1 !Y NO LONG] HAVE ?IS SUM A WEEK P] FAMILY4 ,& !SE CRISES1 AS ECONOMI/S KN[1 >E NOT ! EXCEPTION BUT ! RULE4 ,C]TA9 ( !M RECUR P]IODICALLY EV]Y T5 OR TWELVE YE>S1 ) ! SAME REGUL>ITY AS ! SPOTS ON ! SUN & ! DR\<TS 9 ! ,EA/4 ,O!RS TAKE LONG] TO MATURE4 ,YET A ?IRD HAVE NO REGUL> P]IOD ( RECURR5CE1 >RIV+4 LIKE COMETS2 :ILE A F\R? CLASS >E LOCAL1 OCCURR+ :5 SOME 9DU/RY MIGRATES FROM ITS ORIG9AL C5T] TO SOME O!R P>T ( ! C\NTRY1 :]E 0H&S0 >E *EAP]4 ,SOMETIMES ALL F\R K9DS FALL UPON US TOGE!R1 ,!N WE HAVE FAM9E1 TYPHUS1 SOME PLAGUE1 AS LATELY SE5 9 ,RUSSIA & ,G]MANY4 ,IT IS ! /OPPAGE ( 9DU/RIES :I* WORK BY & = ! PEASANT1 & :I* /AGNATE = WANT ( PUR*AS]S 2 OR ELSE IT IS A COTTON FAM9E 9 ,YORK%IRE1 ( A CRISIS 9 SUG>1 AS 9 ,DUNDEE 9 #a#h#h#f1 OR A CRISIS 9 ! IRON TRADE1 SU* AS WE EXP]I5C$ A FEW YE>S AGO4 ,IT MEANS ! BLACKE/ MIS]Y1 HUNG]-/RICK5 M5 & WOM51 ! DECIMATION ( *ILDR51 :OLE FAMILIES BROK5 UP1 5=C$1 EMIGRATION & SUFF]+ BEYOND SEAS AMID ! MAL>IAL FEV]S ( DI/ANT L&S4 

,A LITTLE CROPP+ UP ( PROSP]ITY H]E & !RE A GREAT DEAL ( MIS]Y EV]Y:]E1 & EV]Y:]E ?AT FEEL+ ( 9SECURITY = TO-MORR[ :I* 9TRUDES EV5 9TO ! PALACES ( ! RI*--?IS IS :AT WE %\LD F9D IF1 9/EAD ( TALK+ AB\T BRILLIANT SUM TOTALS1 WE /UDI$ ! UNIT1 ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,BUT :5 WE ?9K ( ! ALMO/ 9CR$IBLE /RUGGLES ?AT ! WORK+ CLASSES HAVE GONE ?R\< DUR+ ! PRES5T C5TURY TO GA9 ! LITTLE !Y [N2 :5 WE ?9K ( !IR REVOLTS1 !IR /RIKES1 !IR COALITIONS1 & ( ! HUNG] & C\NTLESS MIS]IES 5DUR$ DUR+ EA* /RIKE2 :5 WE REMEMB] ! M>TYRS )\T NUMB] ?AT EV]Y /RIKE1 EV]Y REVOLT1 EV]Y LITTLE ACT ( REBELLION OR ATTEMPT AT COALITION HAS TO RECORD 2 :5 WE RECOLLECT ALL ?AT !SE REBELS1 !IR WIVES & *ILDR5 HAVE HAD TO SUFF] EA* TIME ?AT !Y S\<T TO FETT] EXPLOITATION1 & :5 BE=E US RISE ! DEAD BODIES ( ,MAY1 ,JUNE--( EV]Y MON? ( SO MANY YE>S--:AT AB\T PROGRESS !N8 ,SMALL AS IT IS1 IT IS NOT DUE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y IT HAS BE5 WRUNG FROM ! MON/] BY %E] =CE4 ,IF ! CAPITALI/1 AID$ BY HIS FAI?FUL VALET1 ! GOV]NM5T1 HAS NOT BY MEANS ( LAW & HUNG]1 SUCCE$$ 9 R$UC+ ! WORKMAN 9TO ACTUAL BONDAGE1 IT IS BECAUSE ! LATT] HAS HAD HIS MOM5TS ( REVOLT2 IT IS BECAUSE HE /RUGGL$1 AT ! PRICE ( NAMELESS PRIVATIONS & NUMB]LESS VICTIMS4 ,IT IS ) A /ONE OR A TOR* 9 HIS H&1 SOMETIMES ) A RIFLE AT HIS %\LD]1 ?AT HE HAS TORN FROM ! VAMPIRE AN 9F9ITESIMAL PORTION ( ?AT :I* MI<T HAVE COME TO HIM FROM ! SCI5TIFIC PROGRESS ( ! C5TURY4 ,EV]Y P5NY GA9$ ON WAGES1 EV]Y LIB]TY E>N$ 9 ! WORK%OP IS M>K$ BY ! CORPSES ( WORKM52 & IF ONLY ! NUMB] ( !SE VICTIMS C\LD BE C\NT$1 NO ONE W\LD D>E TALK TO HIM AB\T 0PROGRESS0 ALREADY GA9$4 

7,TO BE CONT9U$47 

.<,! ,REBEL CEAS$ PUBLICATION BE=E ! RE/ C\LD BE PUBLI%$4.> 

7,S\RCE3 ,PUBLI%$ 9 ,! ,REBEL #a1 NO4 #a 7,SEPTEMB] #b1 #a#h#i#e73 #c2 NO4 #b 7,OCTOB] #b1 #a#h#i#e73 #a-#a#a2 NO4 #c 7,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#i#e73 #b#h-#b#i2 NO4 #d 7,JANU>Y1 #a#h#i#f73 #c#d2 NO4 #f 7,M>*-,APRIL1 #a#h#i#f73 #e#i-#f47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahie 3 ,! ,NEW ,]A -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,MAY #b1 #bba 3 ,! ,NEW ,]A -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,NEW ,]A -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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