,P>T #f 
,! ,>TI/ & ,HIS ,TIME 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,CAMUS 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,>TI/ ,& ,HIS ,TIME 

,I4 ,AS AN >TI/1 HAVE Y\ *OS5 ! ROLE ( WITNESS8 

,?IS W\LD TAKE CONSID]ABLE PRESUMPTION OR A VOCATION ,I LACK4 
,P]SONALLY ,I DON'T ASK = ANY ROLE & ,I HAVE BUT ONE REAL VOCATION4 

,AS A MAN1 ,I HAVE A PREF]5CE = HAPP9ESS2 AS AN >TI/1 IT SEEMS 
TO ME ?AT ,I /ILL HAVE *>ACT]S TO BR+ TO LIFE )\T ! HELP ( 
W>S OR ( LAW-C\RTS4 ,BUT ,I HAVE BE5 S\<T \T1 AS EA* 
9DIVIDUAL HAS BE5 S\<T \T4 ,>TI/S ( ! PA/ C\LD AT LEA/ 
KEEP SIL5T 9 ! FACE ( TYRANNY4 ,! TYRANNIES ( TODAY >E 
IMPROV$2 !Y NO LONG] ADMIT ( SIL5CE OR NEUTRALITY4 ,ONE HAS TO 
TAKE A /&1 BE EI!R = OR AGA9/4 ,WELL1 9 ?AT CASE1 ,I AM 
AGA9/4 ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT AM\NT TO *OOS+ ! COM=TABLE ROLE 
( WITNESS4 ,IT IS M]ELY ACCEPT+ ! TIME AS IT IS1 M9D+ ONE'S 
[N BUS9ESS1 9 %ORT4 ,MOREOV]1 Y\ >E =GETT+ ?AT TODAY 
JUDGES1 ACCUS$1 & WITNESSES EX*ANGE POSITIONS ) EXEMPL>Y 
RAPIDITY4 ,MY *OICE1 IF Y\ ?9K ,I AM MAK+ ONE1 W\LD AT LEA/ 
BE NEV] TO SIT ON A JUDGE'S B5*1 OR B5EA? IT1 LIKE SO MANY ( 
\R PHILOSOPH]S4 ,ASIDE FROM ?AT1 !RE IS NO DE>? ( 
OPPORTUNITIES = ACTION1 9 ! RELATIVE4 ,TRADE-UNIONISM IS TODAY 
! FIR/1 & ! MO/ FRUITFUL AMONG !M4 

,I,I4 ,IS NOT ! QUIXOTISM ?AT HAS BE5 CRITICIZ$ 9 Y\R REC5T 
WORKS AN IDEALI/IC & ROMANTIC DEF9ITION ( ! >TI/'S ROLE8 

,H[EV] WORDS >E P]V]T$1 !Y PROVISIONALLY KEEP !IR 
MEAN+4 ,& IT IS CLE> TO ME ?AT ! ROMANTIC IS ! ONE :O 
*OOSES ! P]PETUAL MOTION ( HI/ORY1 ! GR&IOSE EPIC1 & ! 
ANN\NCEM5T ( A MIRACUL\S EV5T AT ! 5D ( TIME4 ,IF ,I HAVE 
TRI$ TO DEF9E SOME?+1 IT IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SIMPLY ! COMMON 
EXI/5CE ( HI/ORY & ( MAN1 EV]YDAY LIFE ) ! MO/ 
POSSIBLE LI<T ?R[N UPON IT1 ! DOGG$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ONE'S 
[N DEGRADATION & ?AT ( O!RS4 

,IT IS LIKEWISE IDEALISM1 & ( ! WORSE K9D1 TO 5D UP BY 
HANG+ ALL ACTION & ALL TRU? ON A MEAN+ ( HI/ORY ?AT IS NOT 
IMPLICIT 9 EV5TS & ?AT1 9 ANY CASE1 IMPLIES A MY?ICAL AIM4 
,W\LD IT !RE=E BE REALISM TO TAKE AS ! LAWS ( HI/ORY ! 
FUTURE--9 O!R WORDS1 JU/ :AT IS NOT YET HI/ORY1 SOME?+ ( 
:OSE NATURE WE KN[ NO?+8 

,IT SEEMS TO ME1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT ,I AM >GU+ 9 FAVOR ( A 
TRUE REALISM AGA9/ A MY?OLOGY ?AT IS BO? ILLOGICAL & DEADLY1 
& AGA9/ ROMANTIC NIHILISM :E!R IT BE B\RGEOIS OR ALLEG$LY 
REVOLUTION>Y4 ,TO TELL ! TRU?1 F> FROM BE+ ROMANTIC1 ,I BELIEVE 
9 ! NECESSITY ( A RULE & AN ORD]4 ,I M]ELY SAY ?AT !RE CAN 
BE NO QUE/ION ( JU/ ANY RULE :ATSOEV]4 ,& ?AT IT W\LD BE 
SURPRIS+ IF ! RULE WE NE$ W]E GIV5 US BY ?IS DISORD]$ 
SOCIETY1 OR1 ON ! O!R H&1 BY ?OSE DOCTR9AIRES :O DECL>E 
!MSELVES LIB]AT$ FROM ALL RULES & ALL SCRUPLES4 

,I,I,I4 ,! ,M>XI/S & !IR FOLL[]S LIKEWISE ?9K !Y >E 
HUMANI/S4 ,BUT = !M HUMAN NATURE WILL BE =M$ 9 ! 
CLASSLESS SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE4 

,TO BEG9 )1 ?IS PROVES ?AT !Y REJECT AT ! PRES5T 
MOM5T :AT WE ALL >E3 ?OSE HUMANI/S >E ACCUS]S ( MAN4 

,H[ CAN WE BE SURPRIS$ ?AT SU* A CLAIM %\LD HAVE DEVELOP$ 
9 ! WORLD ( C\RT TRIALS8 ,!Y REJECT ! MAN ( TODAY 9 ! 
NAME ( ! MAN ( ! FUTURE4 ,?AT CLAIM IS RELIGI\S 9 NATURE4 

,:Y %\LD IT BE MORE JU/IFI$ ?AN ! ONE :I* ANN\NCES ! 
K+DOM ( HEAV5 TO COME8 ,9 REALITY ! 5D ( HI/ORY CANNOT 
HAVE1 )9 ! LIMITS ( \R CONDITION1 ANY DEF9ABLE SIGNIFICANCE4 

,IT CAN ONLY BE ! OBJECT ( A FAI? & ( A NEW MY/IFICATION4 ,A 
MY/IFICATION ?AT TODAY IS NO LESS GREAT ?AN ! ONE ?AT ( OLD 
BAS$ COLONIAL OPPRESSION ON ! NECESSITY ( SAV+ ! S\LS ( 
9FIDELS4 

,I,V4 ,IS NOT ?AT :AT 9 REALITY SEP>ATES Y\ FROM ! 9TELLECTUALS ( ! LEFT8 

,Y\ MEAN ?AT IS :AT SEP>ATES ?OSE 9TELLECTUALS FROM ! 
LEFT8 ,TRADITIONALLY ! LEFT HAS ALWAYS BE5 AT W> AGA9/ 9JU/ICE1 
OBSCURANTISM1 & OPPRESSION4 ,IT ALWAYS ?\<T ?AT ?OSE 
PH5OM5A W]E 9T]DEP5D5T4 ,! IDEA ?AT OBSCURANTISM CAN 
LEAD TO JU/ICE1 ! NATIONAL 9T]E/ TO LIB]TY1 IS QUITE REC5T4 ,! 
TRU? IS ?AT C]TA9 9TELLECTUALS ( ! LEFT 7NOT ALL1 =TUNATELY7 >E 
TODAY HYPNOTIZ$ BY =CE & EFFICACY AS \R 9TELLECTUALS ( ! 
RI<T W]E BE=E & DUR+ ! W>4 ,!IR ATTITUDES >E DIFF]5T1 
BUT ! ACT ( RESIGNATION IS ! SAME4 ,! FIR/ WANT$ TO BE 
REALI/IC NATIONALI/S2 ! SECOND WANT TO BE REALI/IC SOCIALI/S4 ,9 
! 5D !Y BETRAY NATIONALISM & SOCIALISM ALIKE 9 ! NAME ( 
A REALISM H5CE=? )\T CONT5T & ADOR$ AS A PURE1 & 
ILLUSORY1 TE*NIQUE ( EFFICACY4 

,?IS IS A TEMPTATION ?AT CAN1 AFT] ALL1 BE UND]/OOD4 ,BUT /ILL1 
H[EV] ! QUE/ION IS LOOK$ AT1 ! NEW POSITION ( ! PEOPLE 
:O CALL !MSELVES1 OR ?9K !MSELVES1 LEFTI/S CONSI/S 9 
SAY+3 C]TA9 OPPRESSIONS >E JU/IFIABLE BECAUSE !Y FOLL[ ! 
DIRECTION1 :I* CANNOT BE JU/IFI$1 ( HI/ORY4 ,H5CE !RE >E 
PRESUMABLY PRIVILEG$ EXECUTION]S1 & PRIVILEG$ BY NO?+4 

,?IS IS AB\T :AT WAS SAID 9 ANO!R CONTEXT BY ,JOSEPH DE 
,MAI/RE1 :O HAS NEV] BE5 TAK5 = AN 9C5DI>Y4 ,BUT ?IS IS A 
!SIS :I*1 P]SONALLY1 ,I %ALL ALWAYS REJECT4 ,ALL[ ME TO SET UP 
AGA9/ IT ! TRADITIONAL PO9T ( VIEW ( :AT HAS BE5 HI!RTO 
CALL$ ! LEFT3 ALL EXECUTION]S >E ( ! SAME FAMILY4 

,V4 ,:AT CAN ! >TI/ DO 9 ! WORLD ( TODAY8 

,HE IS NOT ASK$ EI!R TO WRITE AB\T CO-OP]ATIVES OR1 
CONV]SELY1 TO LULL TO SLEEP 9 HIMSELF ! SUFF]+S 5DUR$ BY 
O!RS ?R\<\T HI/ORY4 ,& S9CE Y\ HAVE ASK$ ME TO SPEAK 
P]SONALLY1 ,I AM GO+ TO DO SO AS SIMPLY AS ,I CAN4 ,CONSID]$ AS 
>TI/S1 WE P]HAPS HAVE NO NE$ TO 9T]F]E 9 ! AFFAIRS ( ! 
WORLD4 ,BUT CONSID]$ AS M51 YES4 ,! M9] :O IS EXPLOIT$ OR 
%OT D[N1 ! SLAVES 9 ! CAMPS1 ?OSE 9 ! COLONIES1 ! 
LEGIONS ( P]SECUT$ ?R\<\T ! WORLD--!Y NE$ ALL ?OSE 
:O CAN SPEAK TO COMMUNICATE !IR SIL5CE & TO KEEP 9 T\* 
) !M4 ,I HAVE NOT WRITT51 DAY AFT] DAY1 FI<T+ >TICLES & 
TEXTS1 ,I HAVE NOT TAK5 P>T 9 ! COMMON /RUGGLES BECAUSE ,I 
DESIRE ! WORLD TO BE COV]$ ) ,GREEK /ATUES & 
MA/]PIECES4 ,! MAN :O HAS SU* A DESIRE DOES EXI/ 9 ME4 

,EXCEPT ?AT HE HAS SOME?+ BETT] TO DO 9 TRY+ TO 9/ILL LIFE 
9TO ! CREATURES ( HIS IMAG9ATION4 ,BUT FROM MY FIR/ >TICLES TO 
MY LATE/ BOOK ,I HAVE WRITT5 SO MU*1 & P]HAPS TOO MU*1 ONLY 
BECAUSE ,I CANNOT KEEP FROM BE+ DRAWN T[>D EV]YDAY LIFE1 
T[>D ?OSE1 :OEV] !Y MAY BE1 :O >E HUMILIAT$ & 
DEBAS$4 ,!Y NE$ TO HOPE1 & IF ALL KEEP SIL5T OR IF !Y >E 
GIV5 A *OICE BETWE5 TWO K9DS ( HUMILIATION1 !Y WILL BE 
=EV] DEPRIV$ ( HOPE & WE ) !M4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME 
IMPOSSIBLE TO 5DURE ?AT IDEA1 NOR CAN HE :O CANNOT 5DURE IT LIE 
D[N TO SLEEP 9 HIS T[]4 ,NOT ?R\< VIRTUE1 AS Y\ SEE1 BUT 
?R\< A SORT ( ALMO/ ORGANIC 9TOL]ANCE1 :I* Y\ FEEL OR DO 
NOT FEEL4 ,9DE$1 ,I SEE MANY :O FAIL TO FEEL IT1 BUT ,I CANNOT 5VY 
!IR SLEEP4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN1 H[EV]1 ?AT WE MU/ SACRIFICE 
\R >TI/'S NATURE TO SOME SOCIAL PREA*+ OR O!R4 ,I HAVE SAID 
ELSE:]E :Y ! >TI/ WAS MORE ?AN EV] NECESS>Y4 ,BUT IF WE 
9T]V5E AS M51 ?AT EXP]I5CE WILL HAVE AN EFFECT UPON \R 
LANGUAGE4 ,& IF WE >E NOT >TI/S 9 \R LANGUAGE FIR/ ( ALL1 :AT 
SORT ( >TI/S >E WE8 ,EV5 IF1 MILITANTS 9 \R LIVES1 WE SPEAK 9 
\R WORKS ( DES]TS & ( SELFI% LOVE1 ! M]E FACT ?AT \R LIVES 
>E MILITANT CAUSES A SPECIAL TONE ( VOICE TO PEOPLE ) M5 ?AT 
DES]T & ?AT LOVE4 ,I %ALL C]TA9LY NOT *OOSE ! MOM5T :5 
WE >E BEG9N+ TO LEAVE NIHILISM BEH9D TO /UPIDLY D5Y ! 
VALUES ( CREATION 9 FAVOR ( ! VALUES ( HUMANITY1 OR VICE V]SA4 

,9 MY M9D NEI!R ONE IS EV] SEP>AT$ FROM ! O!R & ,I 
MEASURE ! GREATNESS ( AN >TI/ 7,MOLI]E1 ,TOL/OY1 ,MELVILLE7 BY 
! BALANCE HE MANAG$ TO MA9TA9 BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,TODAY1 UND] 
! PRESSURE ( EV5TS1 WE >E OBLIG$ TO TRANSPORT ?AT T5SION 9TO 
\R LIVES LIKEWISE4 ,?IS IS :Y SO MANY >TI/S1 B5D+ UND] ! 
BURD51 TAKE REFUGE 9 ! IVORY T[] OR1 CONV]SELY1 9 ! SOCIAL 
*UR*4 ,BUT AS = ME1 ,I SEE 9 BO? *OICES A LIKE ACT ( 
RESIGNATION4 ,WE MU/ SIMULTANE\SLY S]VE SUFF]+ & BEAUTY4 

,! LONG PATI5CE1 0,! /R5G?1 ! SECRET CUNN+ SU* S]VICE 
CALLS = >E ! VIRTUES ?AT E/ABLI% ! V]Y R5ASC5CE WE NE$4 

,ONE WORD MORE4 ,?IS UND]TAK+1 ,I KN[1 CANNOT BE 
ACCOMPLI%$ )\T DANG]S & BITT]NESS4 ,WE MU/ ACCEPT ! 
DANG]S3 ! ]A ( *AIRB\ND >TI/S IS OV]4 ,BUT WE MU/ REJECT 
! BITT]NESS4 ,ONE ( ! TEMPTATIONS ( ! >TI/ IS TO BELIEVE 
HIMSELF SOLIT>Y1 & 9 TRU? HE BE>S ?IS %\T$ AT HIM ) A 
C]TA9 BASE DELI<T4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT TRUE4 ,HE /&S 9 ! MID/ ( 
ALL1 9 ! SAME RANK1 NEI!R HI<] NOR L[]1 ) ALL ?OSE :O 
>E WORK+ & /RUGGL+4 ,HIS V]Y VOCATION1 9 ! FACE ( 
OPPRESSION1 IS TO OP5 ! PRISONS & TO GIVE A VOICE TO ! 
SORR[S & JOYS ( ALL4 ,?IS IS :]E >T1 AGA9/ ITS 5EMIES1 
JU/IFIES ITSELF BY PROV+ PRECISELY ?AT IT IS NO ONE'S 5EMY4 ,BY 
ITSELF >T C\LD PROBABLY NOT PRODUCE ! R5ASC5CE :I* IMPLIES 
JU/ICE & LIB]TY4 ,BUT )\T IT1 ?AT R5ASC5CE W\LD BE 
)\T =MS &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 W\LD BE NO?+4 ,)\T 
CULTURE1 & ! RELATIVE FRE$OM IT IMPLIES1 SOCIETY1 EV5 :5 
P]FECT1 IS BUT A JUNGLE4 ,?IS IS :Y ANY AU!NTIC CREATION IS A GIFT 
TO ! FUTURE4 

7#a#i#e#c7 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

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