,! ,MORE ,Y\R ,JOB ,HELPS ,O!RS1 ,! ,LESS ,Y\ ,GET ,PAID 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,GRAEB] 

,TEXT 3 

,DAVID ,GRAEB] IS AN ,AM]ICAN AN?ROPOLOGI/ :O TEA*ES AT ! ,LONDON ,S*OOL ( ,ECONOMICS4 ,HE IS ! AU?OR ( ! CLASSIC 0,DEBT3 ,! ,FIR/ ,FIVE ,?\S& ,YE>S0 & PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ! LAUN*+ ( ,OCCUPY ,WALL ,/REET4 ,LA/ YE>1 HE WROTE A MU*-DISCUSS$ ESSAY ASK+ :AT HAPP5$ TO SOCIETY'S OLD PROMISE ( MORE LEISURE TIME = WORK]S2 = ! TASKS ?AT HAVE COME TO OCCUPY ! H\RS ?AT W]E ONCE PROMIS$ TO BE \RS1 ,GRAEB] 9V5T$ ! DELICATE & SLI<TLY OBSCURE LABEL1 0BULL%IT JOBS40 

,I WANT$ TO KN[ EXACTLY :AT HE MEANT BY ?AT1 & SO WE DISCUSS$ ! MATT] OV] EMAIL4 ,! FOLL[+ CONV]SATION HAS BE5 LI<TLY $IT$4 

,LET'S />T AT ! BEG9N+3 ,KEYNES' PR$ICTION1 BACK 9 ! #a#i#cS1 ?AT BE=E TOO LONG WORK]S W\LD HAVE ALL SORTS ( LEISURE TIME BECAUSE ( IMPROV+ PRODUCTIVITY4 ,IS !RE A HI/ORY ( ?IS IDEA8 ,I MEAN1 O!RS HAVE >GU$ ?IS AS WELL1 CORRECT8 

,WELL1 RADICAL ELEM5TS 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T BEGAN EMBRAC+ SU* VISIONS FROM QUITE E>LY ON4 ,AFT] ! SUCCESSFUL CAMPAIGNS = ! EI<T-H\R DAY 9 ! #a#h#hS1 PEOPLE IMM$IATELY />T$ ?9K+1 CAN WE MOVE ?IS TO SEV51 SIX1 OR LESS4 ,PAUL ,LAF>GUE1 ,M>X'S SON-9-LAW1 & AU?OR ( 0,! ,RI<T TO ,BE ,LAZY10 WAS ALREADY CALL+ = SOME?+ ALONG ?OSE L9ES 9 #a#h#h#c4 ,I HAVE A ,WOBBLY ,T-%IRT ) A TURN-(-!-C5TURY /YLE DESIGN ?AT SAYS 0JO9 ! ,I,W,W = A NEW DAWN10 IT HAS A SUN RIS+ OV] ! RO(TOPS1 & ON ! SUN IS WRITT51 0F\R-DAY WEEK1 F\R-H\R DAY40 ,I DON'T KN[ H[ OLD ! IMAGE REALLY IS BUT ,I'M GUESS+ IT'S FROM ! ,TE5S OR ! '#bS4 ,9 ! #a#i#cS1 A LOT ( LABOR UNIONS DID MOVE !IR 9DU/RIES TO A #c#e-H\R WEEK4 ,MY MOM WAS A G>M5T WORK] AT ! TIME & ?AT'S H[ %E 5D$ UP GETT+ 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,I,L,G,W,U MUSICAL REVIEW 0,P9S & ,NE$LES10 BECAUSE EV]YONE HAD MOV$ TO A %ORT] WEEK & ! UNION />T$ PROVID+ LEISURE ACTIVITIES4 

,& :5 DID ?IS EXPECTATION F9ALLY />T DY+ \T8 

,BY ! '#fS1 MO/ PEOPLE ?\<T ?AT ROBOT FACTORIES1 & ULTIMATELY1 ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL MANUAL LABOR1 WAS PROBABLY JU/ A G5]ATION OR TWO AWAY4 ,EV]YONE FROM ! ,SITUATIONI/S TO ! ,YIPPIES W]E SAY+ 0LET ! MA*9ES DO ALL ! WORK60 & OBJECT+ TO ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( #i-TO-#e LABOR4 ,9 ! '#gS1 !RE W]E ACTUALLY A S]IES ( N[-=GOTT5 WILDCAT /RIKES BY AUTO WORK]S & O!RS1 9 ,DETROIT1 ,I ?9K ,TUR91 & O!R PLACES1 BASICALLY SAY+1 0WE'RE JU/ TIR$ ( WORK+ SO MU*40 

,?IS SORT ( ?+ ?REW A LOT ( PEOPLE 9 POSITIONS ( P[] 9TO A K9D ( MORAL PANIC4 ,!RE W]E ?9K-TANKS SET UP TO EXAM9E :AT TO DO--BASICALLY1 H[ TO MA9TA9 SOCIAL CONTROL--9 A SOCIETY :]E MORE & MORE TRADITIONAL =MS ( LABOR W\LD SOON BE OBSOLETE4 ,A LOT ( ! COMPLA9TS Y\ SEE 9 ,ALV9 ,T(FL] & SIMIL> FIGURES 9 ! E>LY '#gS--?AT RAPID TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE WAS ?R[+ ! SOCIAL ORD] 9TO *AOS--HAD TO DO ) ?OSE ANXIETIES3 TOO MU* LEISURE HAD CREAT$ ! C\NT]-CULTURE & Y\? MOVEM5TS1 :AT WAS GO+ TO HAPP5 :5 ?+S GOT EV5 MORE RELAX$8 ,IT'S PROBABLY NO CO9CID5CE ?AT IT WAS >\ND ?AT TIME ?AT ?+S BEGAN TO TURN >\ND1 BO? 9 ! DIRECTION ( TE*NOLOGICAL RESE>*1 AWAY FROM AUTOMATION & 9TO 9=MATION1 M$ICAL1 & MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGIES 7BASICALLY1 TE*NOLOGIES ( SOCIAL CONTROL71 & ALSO 9 ! DIRECTION ( M>KET RE=MS ?AT W\LD S5D US BACK T[>DS LESS SECURE EMPLOYM5T1 LONG] H\RS1 GREAT] WORK DISCIPL9E4 

,TODAY PRODUCTIVITY CONT9UES TO 9CREASE1 BUT ,AM]ICANS WORK MORE H\RS P] WEEK ?AN !Y US$ TO1 NOT FEW]4 ,ALSO1 MORE ?AN WORK]S 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,CORRECT8 

,! ,U4,S41 EV5 UND] ! ,NEW ,DEAL1 WAS ALWAYS A LOT /+I] ?AN MO/ WEAL?Y C\NTRIES :5 IT COMES TO TIME (F3 :E!R IT'S MAT]NITY OR PAT]NITY LEAVE1 OR VACATIONS & ! LIKE4 ,BUT S9CE ! '#gS1 ?+S HAVE DEF9ITELY BE5 GETT+ WORSE4 

,DO ECONOMI/S HAVE AN EXPLANATION = ?IS COMB9ATION ( GREAT] PRODUCTIVITY ) 9CREAS$ WORK H\RS8 ,:AT IS IT & :AT DO Y\ ?9K ( IT8 

,CURI\SLY1 ECONOMI/S DON'T T5D TO F9D MU* 9T]E/ 9 SU* QUE/IONS--REALLY FUNDAM5TAL ?+S AB\T VALUES1 = 9/ANCE1 OR BROAD] POLITICAL OR SOCIAL QUE/IONS AB\T :AT PEOPLE'S LIVES >E ACTUALLY LIKE4 ,!Y R>ELY HAVE MU* TO SAY AB\T !M IF LEFT TO !IR [N DEVICES4 ,IT'S ONLY :5 SOME NON-ECONOMI/ BEG9S PROPOS+ SOCIAL OR POLITICAL EXPLANATIONS = ! RISE ( APP>5TLY MEAN+LESS ADM9I/RATIVE & MANAG]IAL POSITIONS1 ?AT !Y JUMP 9 & SAY 0,NO1 NO1 WE C\LD HAVE EXPLA9$ ?AT P]FECTLY WELL 9 ECONOMIC T]MS10 & MAKE SOME?+ UP4 

,AFT] MY PIECE CAME \T1 = 9/ANCE1 ,! ,ECONOMI/ RU%$ \T A RESPONSE JU/ A DAY OR TWO LAT]4 ,IT WAS AN 9CR$IBLY WEAKLY >GU$ PIECE1 FULL ( OBVI\S LOGICAL FALLACIES4 ,BUT ! MA9 ?RU/ ( IT WAS3 WELL1 !RE MI<T BE F> LESS PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 PRODUC+1 TRANSPORT+1 & MA9TA9+ PRODUCTS ?AN !RE US$ TO BE1 BUT IT MAKES S5SE ?AT WE HAVE ?REE TIMES AS MANY ADM9I/RATORS BECAUSE GLOBALIZATION HAS MEANT ?AT ! PROCESS ( DO+ SO IS N[ MU* MORE COMPLICAT$4 ,Y\ HAVE COMPUT]S :]E ! CIRCUITRY IS DESIGN$ 9 ,CALI=NIA1 PRODUC$ 9 ,*9A1 ASSEMBL$ 9 ,SAIPAN1 PUT 9 BOXES 9 SOME PRISON 9 ,NEVADA1 %IPP$ ?R\< ,AMAZON OV]NI<T TO ,GOD-KN[S-:]E444 ,IT S\NDS CONV9C+ 5\< UNTIL Y\ REALLY ?9K AB\T IT4 ,BUT !N Y\ REALIZE3 ,IF ?AT'S SO1 :Y HAS ! SAME ?+ HAPP5$ 9 UNIV]SITIES8 ,BECAUSE Y\ HAVE EXACTLY ! SAME 5DLESS ACCRETION ( LAY] ON LAY] ( ADM9I/RATIVE JOBS !RE1 TOO4 ,HAS ! PROCESS ( TEA*+ BECOME ?REE TIMES MORE COMPLICAT$ ?AN IT WAS 9 ! #a#i#cS8 ,& IF NOT1 :Y DID ! SAME ?+ HAPP58 ,SO MO/ ( ! ECONOMIC EXPLANATIONS MAKE NO S5SE4 

,ALL TRUE1 & V]Y CORRECT AB\T ! UNIV]SITIES1 BUT !RE'S GOT TO BE AN (FICIAL-IF NOT ECONOMIC-EXPLANATION = :Y WE DIDN'T GET ?IS ,TRULY ,GREAT ,?+ ?AT EV]YONE WAS EXPECT+ NOT ALL ?AT LONG AGO4 ,LIKE3 ,KEYNES WAS ALL WET1 OR SU* A SY/EM JU/ W\LDN'T WORK1 OR WORK]S >5'T $UCAT$ 5\< TO DES]VE ?AT MU* VACATION1 OR ! ?+S WE MAKE TODAY >E JU/ SO MU* BETT] ?AN ! ?+S !Y MADE 9 ,KEYNES' DAY ?AT !Y >E WOR? MORE & TAKE MORE WORK-H\RS TO E>N4 ,!RE MU/ BE SOME?+4 

,WELL1 ! CASUAL EXPLANATION IS ALWAYS CONSUM]ISM4 ,! IDEA IS ALWAYS ?AT GIV5 ! *OICE BETWE5 F\R-H\R DAYS1 & N9E OR T5-H\R DAYS ) ,S,U,VS1 I,PHONES & EI<T V>IETIES ( DESIGN] SU%I1 WE ALL COLLECTIVELY DECID$ FREE TIME WASN'T REALLY WOR? IT4 ,?IS ALSO TIES 9TO ! 0S]VICE ECONOMY0 >GUM5T1 ?AT NOBODY WANTS TO COOK OR CLEAN OR FIX OR EV5 BREW !IR [N C(FEE ANY MORE1 SO ALL ! NEW EMPLOYM5T IS 9 MA9TA9+ AN 9FRA/RUCTURE = PEOPLE TO JU/ POP OV] TO ! FOOD C\RT1 OR ,/>BUCKS1 ON !IR WAY TO OR FROM WORK4 ,SO1 SURE1 A LOT ( ?IS IS JU/ TAK5 AS COMMON S5SE IF Y\ DO RAISE ! ISSUE TO SOMEONE :O DOESN'T ?9K AB\T IT V]Y MU*4 ,BUT IT'S ALSO OBVI\SLY NOT MU* ( AN EXPLANATION4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 ONLY A V]Y SMALL PROPORTION ( ! NEW JOBS HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) ACTUALLY MAK+ CONSUM] TOYS1 & MO/ ( ! ONES ?AT DO >E OV]SEAS4 ,YET EV5 !RE1 ! TOTAL NUMB] ( PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION HAS DECL9$4 ,SECOND ( ALL1 EV5 9 ! RI*E/ C\NTRIES1 IT'S NOT CLE> IF ! NUMB] ( S]VICE JOBS HAS REALLY 9CREAS$ AS DRAMATICALLY AS WE LIKE TO ?9K4 ,IF Y\ LOOK AT ! NUMB]S BETWE5 #aic & #b1 WELL1 !RE US$ TO BE HUGE NUMB]S ( DOME/IC S]VANTS4 ,?OSE NUMB]S HAVE COLLAPS$4 ,?IRD1 Y\ ALSO SEE ?AT'S :AT'S GR[N IS NOT S]VICE JOBS P] SE1 BUT 0S]VICE1 ADM9I/RATIVE1 & CL]ICAL0 JOBS1 :I* HAVE GONE FROM R\<LY A QU>T] ( ALL JOBS 9 ! '#cS TO MAYBE AS MU* AS ?REE QU>T]S TODAY4 ,BUT H[ DO Y\ EXPLA9 AN EXPLOSION ( MIDDLE MANAG]S & PAP]-PU%]S BY A DESIRE = SU%I & I,PHONES8 

,& !N1 F9ALLY1 !RE'S ! OBVI\S QUE/ION ( CAUSE & EFFECT4 ,>E PEOPLE WORK+ SO MANY H\RS BECAUSE WE'VE JU/ SOMEH[ 9DEP5D5TLY CONCEIV$ ?IS DESIRE = LATTES & ,PAN9I & DOG-WALK]S & ! LIKE1 OR IS IT ?AT PEOPLE >E GRABB+ FOOD & C(FEE ON ! GO & HIR+ PEOPLE TO WALK !IR DOGS BECAUSE !Y'RE ALL WORK+ SO MU*8 

,MAYBE P>T ( ! ANSW] IS ?AT PEOPLE =GOT AB\T ! EXPECTATION ( MORE LEISURE TIME1 & !RE'S NO POLITICAL AG5CY TO DEM& IT ANYMORE1 & H5CE NO NE$ TO EXPLA9 :AT HAPP5$ TO IT4 ,I MEAN1 !RE'S NO WILDCAT /RIKES ANYMORE4 

,WELL1 WE CAN TALK AB\T ! DECL9E ( ! UNION MOVEM5T1 BUT IT RUNS DEEP]4 ,9 ! LATE #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURIES1 ONE ( ! GREAT DIVISIONS BETWE5 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS1 & SOCIALI/ UNIONS1 WAS ?AT ! LATT] W]E ALWAYS ASK+ = HI<] WAGES1 & ! AN>*I/S W]E ASK+ = LESS H\RS4 ,?AT'S :Y ! AN>*I/S W]E SO 5TANGL$ 9 /RUGGLES = ! EI<T-H\R DAY4 ,IT'S AS IF ! SOCIALI/S W]E ESS5TIALLY BUY+ 9TO ! NOTION ?AT WORK IS A VIRTUE1 & CONSUM]ISM IS GOOD1 BUT IT %\LD ALL BE MANAG$ DEMOCRATICALLY1 :ILE ! AN>*I/S W]E SAY+1 NO1 ! :OLE DEAL--?AT WE WORK MORE & MORE = MORE & MORE /UFF--IS ROTT5 FROM ! GET-GO4 

,I'VE SAID ?IS BE=E1 BUT ,I ?9K ONE ( ! GREATE/ IRONIES ( HI/ORY IS H[ ?IS ALL PANN$ \T :5 WORK]S' MOVEM5TS DID MANAGE TO SEIZE P[]4 ,IT WAS G5]ALLY ! CLASSIC AN>*I/ CON/ITU5CIES--REC5TLY PROLET>IANIZ$ PEASANTS & CRAFTSM5--:O ROSE UP & MADE ! GREAT REVOLUTIONS1 :E!R 9 ,RUSSIA OR ,*9A OR = ?AT MATT] ,ALG]IA OR ,SPA9--BUT !Y ALWAYS 5D$ UP ) REGIMES RUN BY SOCIALI/S :O ACCEPT$ ?AT LABOR WAS A VIRTUE 9 ITSELF & ! PURPOSE ( LABOR WAS TO CREATE A CONSUM] UTOPIA4 ,( C\RSE !Y W]E COMPLETELY 9CAPABLE ( PROVID+ SU* A CONSUM] UTOPIA4 ,BUT :AT SOCIAL B5EFIT DID !Y ACTUALLY PROVIDE8 ,WELL1 ! BIGGE/ ONE1 ! ONE NO ONE TALKS AB\T1 WAS GU>ANTE$ EMPLOYM5T & JOB SECURITY--! 0IRON RICE B[L01 !Y CALL$ IT 9 ,*9A1 BUT IT W5T BY MANY NAMES4 ,Y\ C\LDN'T REALLY GET FIR$ FROM Y\R JOB4 ,AS A RESULT Y\ DIDN'T REALLY HAVE TO WORK V]Y H>D4 ,SO ON PAP] !Y HAD EI<T- OR N9E-H\R DAYS BUT REALLY EV]YONE WAS WORK+ MAYBE F\R OR FIVE4 

,I HAVE A LOT ( FRI5DS :O GREW UP 9 ! ,U,S,S,R1 OR ,YUGOSLAVIA1 :O DESCRIBE :AT IT WAS LIKE4 ,Y\ GET UP4 ,Y\ BUY ! PAP]4 ,Y\ GO TO WORK4 ,Y\ READ ! PAP]4 ,!N MAYBE A LITTLE WORK1 & A LONG LUN*1 9CLUD+ A VISIT TO ! PUBLIC BA?444 ,IF Y\ ?9K AB\T IT 9 ?AT LI<T1 IT MAKES ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! SOCIALI/ BLOC SEEM PRETTY IMPRESSIVE3 A C\NTRY LIKE ,RUSSIA MANAG$ TO GO FROM A BACKWAT] TO A MAJOR WORLD P[] ) EV]YONE WORK+ MAYBE ON AV]AGE F\R OR FIVE H\RS A DAY4 ,BUT ! PROBLEM IS !Y C\LDN'T TAKE CR$IT = IT4 ,!Y HAD TO PRET5D IT WAS A PROBLEM1 0! PROBLEM ( ABS5TEEISM10 OR :ATEV]1 BECAUSE ( C\RSE WORK WAS CONSID]$ ! ULTIMATE MORAL VIRTUE4 ,!Y C\LDN'T TAKE CR$IT = ! GREAT SOCIAL B5EFIT !Y ACTUALLY PROVID$4 ,:I* IS1 9CID5TALLY1 ! REASON ?AT WORK]S 9 SOCIALI/ C\NTRIES HAD NO IDEA :AT !Y W]E GETT+ 9TO :5 !Y ACCEPT$ ! IDEA ( 9TRODUC+ CAPITALI/-/YLE WORK DISCIPL9E4 0,:AT1 WE HAVE TO ASK P]MISSION TO GO TO ! BA?ROOM80 ,IT SEEM$ JU/ AS TOTALIT>IAN TO !M AS ACCEPT+ A ,SOVIET-/YLE POLICE /ATE W\LD HAVE BE5 TO US4 

,?AT AMBIVAL5CE 9 ! HE>T ( ! WORK]'S MOVEM5T REMA9S4 ,GR[+ UP 9 A LEFTY1 WORK+ CLASS FAMILY1 ,I FELT IT ALL ! TIME4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 !RE'S ?IS IDEOLOGICAL IMP]ATIVE TO VALIDATE WORK AS VIRTUE 9 ITSELF4 ,:I* IS CON/ANTLY BE+ RE9=C$ BY ! L>G] SOCIETY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE'S ! REALITY ?AT MO/ WORK IS OBVI\SLY /UPID1 DEGRAD+1 UNNECESS>Y1 & ! FEEL+ ?AT IT IS BE/ AVOID$ :5EV] POSSIBLE4 ,BUT IT MAKES IT V]Y DIFFICULT TO ORGANIZE1 AS WORK]S1 AGA9/ WORK4 

,LET'S TALK AB\T 0BULL%IT JOBS40 ,:AT DO Y\ MEAN BY ?IS PHRASE8 

,:5 ,I TALK AB\T BULL%IT JOBS1 ,I MEAN1 ! K9D ( JOBS ?AT EV5 ?OSE :O WORK !M FEEL DO NOT REALLY NE$ TO EXI/4 ,A LOT ( !M >E MADE-UP MIDDLE MANAGEM5T1 Y\ KN[1 ,I'M ! 0,EA/ ,COA/ /RATEGIC VISION COORD9ATOR0 = SOME BIG FIRM1 :I* BASICALLY MEANS Y\ SP5D ALL Y\R TIME AT MEET+S OR =M+ TEAMS ?AT !N S5D REPORTS TO ONE ANO!R4 ,OR SOMEONE :O WORKS 9 AN 9DU/RY ?AT !Y FEEL DOESN'T NE$ TO EXI/1 LIKE MO/ ( ! CORPORATE LAWY]S ,I KN[1 OR TELEM>KET]S1 OR LOBBYI/S4444 ,JU/ ?9K ( :5 Y\ WALK 9TO A HOSPITAL1 H[ HALF ! EMPLOYES NEV] SEEM TO DO ANY?+ = SICK PEOPLE1 BUT >E JU/ FILL+ \T 9SURANCE =MS & S5D+ 9=MATION TO EA* O!R4 ,SOME ( ?AT WORK OBVI\SLY DOES NE$ TO BE DONE1 BUT = ! MO/ P>T1 EV]YONE WORK+ !RE KN[S :AT REALLY NE$S TO GET DONE & ?AT ! REMA9+ #i P]C5T ( :AT !Y DO IS BULL%IT4 ,& !N ?9K AB\T ! ANCILL>Y WORK]S ?AT SUPPORT PEOPLE DO+ ! BULL%IT JOBS3 H]E'S AN (FICE :]E PEOPLE BASICALLY TRANSLATE ,G]MAN =MATT$ PAP]WORK 9TO ,BRITI% =MATT$ PAP]WORK OR SOME SU*1 & !RE HAS TO BE A :OLE 9FRA/RUCTURE ( RECEPTIONI/S1 JANITORS1 SECURITY GU>DS1 COMPUT] MA9T5ANCE PEOPLE1 :I* >E K9D ( SECOND-ORD] BULL%IT JOBS1 !Y'RE ACTUALLY DO+ SOME?+1 BUT !Y'RE DO+ IT TO SUPPORT PEOPLE :O >E DO+ NO?+4 

,:5 ,I PUBLI%$ ! PIECE1 !RE WAS A HUGE \TP\R+ ( CONFESSIONALS FROM PEOPLE 9 MEAN+LESS POSITIONS 9 PRIVATE CORPORATIONS OR PUBLIC S]VICE ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R4 ,! 9T]E/+ ?+ WAS !RE WAS ALMO/ NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 :AT !Y REPORT$ 9 ! PUBLIC1 & 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR4 ,H]E'S ONE GUY :OSE ONLY DUTY IS TO MA9TA9 A SPREAD%EET %[+ :5 C]TA9 TE*NICAL PUBLICATIONS W]E \T ( DATE & S5D EMAILS TO ! AU?ORS TO REM9D !M IT NE$$ UPDAT+4 ,SOMEH[ HE HAD TO TURN ?IS 9TO AN EI<T-H\R-A-DAY JOB4 ,ANO!R ONE :O HAD TO SURVEY POLICIES & PROC$URES 9SIDE ! CORPORATION & WRITE VISION /ATEM5TS DESCRIB+ ALT]NATIVE WAYS !Y MI<T DO !M1 REPORTS ?AT JU/ GOT PASS$ >\ND TO GIVE O!R PEOPLE 9 SIMIL> JOBS A *ANCE TO GO TO MEET+S & COORD9ATE DATA TO WRITE FUR!R REPORTS1 NONE ( :I* W]E EV] IMPLEM5T$4 ,ANO!R P]SON :OSE JOB WAS TO CREATE ADS & CONDUCT 9T]VIEWS = POSITIONS 9 A FIRM ?AT W]E 9V>IABLY FILL$ BY 9T]NAL PROMOTION ANYWAY4 ,LOTS ( PEOPLE :O SAID !IR BASIC FUNCTION WAS TO CREATE TASKS = O!R PEOPLE4 

,! CONCEPT ( BULL%IT JOBS SEEMS V]Y CONV9C+ & EV5 OBVI\S TO ME-,I US$ TO WORK AS A TEMP1 ,I SAW ?IS /UFF FIR/-H&-BUT O!RS MI<T PULL M>KET POPULISM ON Y\ & SAY1 :O >E Y\ TO DECL>E SOMEONE'S ELSE'S JOB TO BE BULL%IT1 ,MR4 ,GRAEB]8 ,Y\ MU/ ?9K Y\'RE BETT] ?AN ! RE/ ( US OR SOME?+4 

,WELL1 ,I KEEP EMPHASIZ+3 ,I'M NOT H]E TO TELL ANYBODY :O ?9KS !IR JOB IS VALUABLE ?AT !Y'RE DELUD$4 ,I'M JU/ SAY+ IF PEOPLE SECRETLY BELIEVE !IR JOB DOESN'T NE$ TO EXI/1 !Y'RE PROBABLY RI<T4 ,! >ROGANT ONES >E ! ONES :O ?9K !Y KN[ BETT]1 :O BELIEVE ?AT !RE >E WORK]S \T !RE SO /UPID !Y DON'T UND]/& ! TRUE MEAN+ ( :AT !Y DO EV]Y DAY1 DON'T REALIZE IT REALLY ISN'T NECESS>Y1 OR ?9K ?AT WORK]S :O BELIEVE !Y'RE 9 BULL%IT JOBS HAVE SU* AN EXAGG]AT$ S5SE ( SELF-IMPORTANCE ?AT !Y ?9K !Y %\LD BE DO+ SOME?+ ELSE & !RE=E DISMISS ! IMPORTANCE ( !IR [N WORK AS NOT GOOD 5\<4 ,I HE> A LOT ( ?AT4 ,?OSE PEOPLE >E ! >ROGANT ONES4 

,IS ! PROBLEM ( BULL%IT JOBS MORE APP>5T TO US N[ BECAUSE ( ! F9ANCIAL CRISIS1 ! ,WALL ,/REET BAIL\TS1 & ! N[-WELL-KN[N FACT ?AT PEOPLE :O DO ALMO/ NO?+ ?AT'S PRODUCTIVE REAP SO MU* ( \R SOCIETY'S REW>DS8 ,I MEAN1 WE ALWAYS KNEW !RE W]E PO9TLESS JOBS \T !RE1 BUT ! ABSURDITY ( IT ALL NEV] SEEM$ SO />K BE=E1 SAY1 #b#h4 

,I ?9K ! SPOTLI<T ON ! F9ANCIAL SECTOR DID MAKE APP>5T JU/ H[ BIZ>RELY SKEW$ \R ECONOMY IS 9 T]MS ( :O GETS REW>D$ & = :AT4 ,!RE WAS ?IS PALL ( MY/IFICATION CA/ OV] EV]Y?+ P]TA9+ TO ?AT SECTOR--WE W]E TOLD1 ?IS IS ALL SO V]Y COMPLICAT$1 Y\ C\LDN'T POSSIBLY UND]/&1 IT'S REALLY V]Y ADVANC$ SCI5CE1 Y\ KN[1 !Y >E COM+ UP ) TRAD+ PROGRAMS SO COMPLICAT$ ONLY A/RO-PHYSICI/S CAN UND]/& !M1 ?AT SORT ( ?+4 ,WE JU/ HAD TO TAKE !IR WORD ?AT1 SOMEH[1 ?IS WAS CREAT+ VALUE 9 WAYS \R SIMPLE LITTLE HEADS C\LDN'T POSSIBLY GET >\ND4 ,!N AFT] ! CRA% WE REALIZ$ A LOT ( ?IS /UFF WAS NOT JU/ SCAMS1 BUT PRETTY SIMPLE-M9D$ SCAMS1 LIKE TAK+ BETS Y\ C\LDN'T POSSIBLY PAY IF Y\ LO/ & JU/ FIGUR+ ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BAIL Y\ \T IF Y\ DID4 ,!SE GUYS W]5'T CREAT+ VALUE ( ANY K9D4 ,!Y W]E MAK+ ! WORLD WORSE & GETT+ PAID 9SANE AM\NTS ( MONEY = IT4 

,SUDD5LY IT BECAME POSSIBLE TO SEE ?AT IF !RE'S A RULE1 IT'S ?AT ! MORE OBVI\SLY Y\R WORK B5EFITS O!RS1 ! LESS Y\'RE PAID = IT4 ,C,E,OS & F9ANCIAL CONSULTANTS ?AT >E ACTUALLY MAK+ O!R PEOPLE'S LIVES WORSE W]E PAID MILLIONS1 USELESS PAP]-PU%]S GOT H&SOMELY COMP5SAT$1 PEOPLE FULFILL+ OBVI\SLY USEFUL FUNCTIONS LIKE TAK+ C>E ( ! SICK OR TEA*+ *ILDR5 OR REPAIR+ BROK5 HEAT+ SY/EMS OR PICK+ VEGETABLES W]E ! LEA/ REW>D$4 

,BUT ANO!R CURI\S ?+ ?AT HAPP5$ AFT] ! CRA% IS ?AT PEOPLE CAME TO SEE !SE >RANGEM5TS AS BASICALLY JU/IFI$4 ,Y\ />T$ HE>+ PEOPLE SAY1 0WELL1 ( C\RSE ,I DES]VE TO BE PAID MORE1 BECAUSE ,I DO MIS]ABLE & ALI5AT+ WORK0 - BY :I* !Y MEANT NOT ?AT !Y W]E =C$ TO GO 9TO ! SEW]S OR PACKAGE FI%1 BUT EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE--?AT !Y DIDN'T GET TO DO WORK ?AT HAD SOME OBVI\S SOCIAL B5EFIT4 ,I'M NOT SURE EXACTLY H[ IT HAPP5$4 ,BUT IT'S BECOM+ SOME?+ ( A TR5D4 ,I SAW A V]Y 9T]E/+ BLOG BY SOMEONE NAM$ ,GE(F ,%ULL5B]G] REC5TLY ?AT PO9T$ \T ?AT 9 MANY COMPANIES1 !RE'S N[ AN ASSUMPTION ?AT IF !RE'S WORK ?AT ANYONE MI<T WANT TO DO = ANY REASON O!R ?AN ! MONEY1 ANY WORK ?AT IS SE5 AS HAV+ 9TR9SIC M]IT 9 ITSELF1 !Y ASSUME !Y %\LDN'T HAVE TO PAY = IT4 ,HE GAVE ! EXAMPLE ( TRANSLATION WORK4 ,BUT IT EXT5DS TO ! LOGIC ( 9T]N%IPS & ! LIKE SO ?OR\<LY EXPOS$ BY AU?ORS LIKE ,S>AH ,K5DZIOR & ,A/RA ,TAYLOR4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 !SE COMPANIES >E WILL+ TO %ELL \T HUGE AM\NTS ( MONEY TO PAP]-PU%]S COM+ UP ) /RATEGIC VISION /ATEM5TS :O !Y KN[ P]FECTLY WELL >E DO+ ABSOLUTELY NO?+4 

,Y\ KN[1 Y\'RE DESCRIB+ :AT'S HAPP5$ TO J\RNALISM4 ,BECAUSE PEOPLE WANT TO DO IT1 IT N[ PAYS V]Y LITTLE4 ,SAME ) COLLEGE TEA*+4 

,:AT HAPP5$8 ,WELL1 ,I ?9K P>T ( IT IS A HYP]TROPHY ( ?IS DRIVE TO VALIDATE WORK AS A ?+ 9 ITSELF4 ,IT US$ TO BE ?AT ,AM]ICANS MO/LY SUBSCRIB$ TO A R\<-&-READY V]SION ( ! LABOR !ORY ( VALUE4 ,EV]Y?+ WE SEE >\ND US ?AT WE CONSID] BEAUTIFUL1 USEFUL1 OR IMPORTANT WAS MADE ?AT WAY BY PEOPLE :O SANK !IR PHYSICAL & M5TAL EF=TS 9TO CREAT+ & MA9TA9+ IT4 ,WORK IS VALUABLE 9S(> AS IT CREATES !SE ?+S ?AT PEOPLE LIKE & NE$4 ,S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! #b? C5TURY1 !RE HAS BE5 AN 5ORM\S EF=T ON ! P>T ( ! PEOPLE RUNN+ ?IS C\NTRY TO TURN ?AT >\ND3 TO CONV9CE EV]YONE ?AT VALUE REALLY COMES FROM ! M9DS & VISIONS ( 5TREPR5EURS1 & ?AT ORD9>Y WORK+ PEOPLE >E JU/ M9DLESS ROBOTS :O BR+ ?OSE VISIONS TO REALITY4 

,BUT AT ! SAME TIME1 !Y'VE HAD TO VALIDATE WORK ON SOME LEVEL1 SO !Y'VE SIMULTANE\SLY BE5 TELL+ US3 WORK IS A VALUE 9 ITSELF4 ,IT CREATES DISCIPL9E1 MATURITY1 OR SOME SU*1 & ANYONE :O DOESN'T WORK MO/ ( ! TIME AT SOME?+ !Y DON'T 5JOY IS A BAD P]SON1 LAZY1 DANG]\S1 P>ASITICAL4 ,SO WORK IS VALUABLE :E!R OR NOT IT PRODUCES ANY?+ ( VALUE4 ,SO WE HAVE ?IS PECULI> SWIT*4 ,AS ANYONE :O'S EV] HAD A #i-TO-#e JOB KN[S1 ! ?+ EV]YONE HATES ! MO/ IS HAV+ TO LOOK BUSY1 EV5 ONCE Y\'VE F9I%$ A JOB1 JU/ TO MAKE ! BOSS HAPPY1 BECAUSE IT'S 0HIS TIME0 & Y\ HAVE NO BUS9ESS L\NG+ >\ND EV5 IF !RE'S NO?+ Y\ REALLY NE$ TO BE DO+4 ,N[ IT'S ALMO/ AS IF ?AT K9D ( BUS9ESS IS ! MO/ VALU$ =M ( WORK1 BECAUSE IT'S PURE WORK1 WORK UNPOLLUT$ BY ANY POSSIBLE SORT ( GRATIFICATION1 EV5 ?AT GRATIFICATION ?AT COMES \T ( KN[+ Y\'RE ACTUALLY DO+ SOME?+4 ,& EV]Y TIME !RE'S SOME K9D ( CRISIS1 IT 9T5SIFIES4 ,WE'RE TOLD1 OH NO6 ,WE'RE ALL GO+ TO HAVE TO WORK H>D]4 ,& S9CE ! AM\NT ( ?+S ?AT ACTUALLY NE$ DO+ REMA9 AB\T ! SAME1 !RE'S AN ADDITIONAL HYP]TROPHY ( BULL%IT4 

,I WOND] AB\T ! POLITICAL RAMIFICATIONS ( ?IS4 ,Y\'RE TALK+ AB\T A SITUATION ?AT OBVI\SLY REQUIRES LABOR UNIONS1 BUT IT C\LD ALSO GO ! O!R WAY4 ,I AM REM9D$ ( A PASSAGE 9 Y\R BOOK1 0,! ,DEMOCRACY ,PROJECT10 :]E Y\ ATTRIBUTE ! WELL-KN[N WORK+-CLASS 5MITY AGA9/ ! 0LIB]AL ELITE0 TO ! FACT ?AT ! LIB]AL ELITE HAVE GOOD JOBS1 REW>D+ JOBS1 JOBS ?AT BY DEF9ITION LOTS ( AV]AGE PEOPLE WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO GET4 ,I WOND] IF Y\ C\LD EXP& ON ?AT4 

,WELL1 H]E WE GO BACK TO ! QUE/ION ( UNPAID 9T]N%IPS AGA94 ,SOME YE>S AGO ,I WROTE A PIECE = ,H>P]S CALL$ 0,>MY ( ,ALTRUI/S0 :]E ,I TRI$ TO GRAPPLE ) ! P[] ( RI<T-W+ POPULISM1 ESPECIALLY ) ! WAY ?AT 0WE HATE ! LIB]AL ELITE0 & 0SUPPORT ! TROOPS0 SEEM$ TO HAVE A V]Y SIMIL>1 DEEP RESONANCE1 EV5 TO BE A WAY ( SAY+ ! SAME ?+4 ,:AT ,I 5D$ UP CONCLUD+ IS ?AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE HATE ! CULTURAL ELITE MORE ?AN !Y DO ! ECONOMIC ELITE--& M9D Y\1 !Y DON'T LIKE ! ECONOMIC ELITE V]Y MU*4 ,BUT !Y HATE ! CULTURAL ELITE BECAUSE !Y SEE !M AS A GR\P ( PEOPLE :O HAVE GRABB$ ALL ! JOBS :]E ONE GETS PAID TO DO GOOD 9 ! WORLD4 ,IF Y\ WANT A C>E] PURSU+ ANY =M ( VALUE O!R ?AN MONET>Y VALUE--IF Y\ WANT TO WORK 9 J\RNALISM1 & PURSUE TRU?1 OR 9 ! >TS1 & PURSUE BEAUTY1 OR 9 SOME *>ITY OR 9T]NATIONAL ,N,G,O OR ! ,U,N1 & PURSUE SOCIAL JU/ICE--WELL1 EV5 ASSUM+ Y\ CAN ACQUIRE ! REQUISITE DEGREES1 = ! FIR/ FEW YE>S !Y WON'T EV5 PAY Y\4 ,SO Y\'RE SUPPOS$ TO LIVE 9 ,NEW ,YORK OR SOME O!R EXP5SIVE CITY ON NO MONEY = A FEW YE>S AFT] GRADUATION4 ,:O ELSE CAN DO ?AT EXCEPT *ILDR5 ( ! ELITE8 ,SO IF Y\'RE A =K-LIFT OP]ATOR OR EV5 A FLORI/1 Y\ KN[ Y\R KID IS UNLIKELY TO EV] BECOME A ,C,E,O1 BUT Y\ ALSO KN[ !RE'S NO WAY 9 A MILLION YE>S !Y'LL EV] BECOME DRAMA CRITIC = ! ,NEW ,YORK] OR AN 9T]NATIONAL HUMAN RI<TS LAWY]4 ,! ONLY WAY !Y C\LD GET PAID A DEC5T SAL>Y TO DO SOME?+ NOBLE1 SOME?+ ?AT'S NOT JU/ = ! MONEY1 IS TO JO9 ! >MY4 ,SO SAY+ 0SUPPORT ! TROOPS0 IS A WAY ( SAY+ 0FUCK Y\0 TO ! CULTURAL ELITE :O ?9K Y\'RE A BUN* ( KNUCKLE-DRAGG+ CAVEM51 BUT :O ALSO MAKE SURE Y\R KID W\LD NEV] BE ABLE TO JO9 !IR CLUB ( RI* DO-GOOD]S EV5 IF HE OR %E WAS TWICE AS SM>T AS ANY ( !M4 

,SO ! RI<T W+ MANIPULATES ! RES5TM5T ( ! BULK ( ! WORK+ CLASS FROM BE+ ABLE TO D$ICATE !IR LIVES TO ANY?+ PURELY NOBLE OR ALTRUI/IC4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME--& H]E'S ! REAL EVIL G5IUS ( RI<T-W+ POPULISM--!Y ALSO MANIPULATE ! RES5TM5T ( ?AT PORTION ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES TRAPP$ 9 BULL%IT JOBS AGA9/ ! BULK ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 :O AT LEA/ GET TO DO PRODUCTIVE WORK ( OBVI\S SOCIAL B5EFIT4 ,?9K AB\T ALL ! POPUL> UPRO> AB\T S*OOL TEA*]S4 ,!RE'S ?IS 5DLESS CAMPAIGN ( VILIFICATION AGA9/ TEA*]S1 :O !Y SAY >E OV]PAID1 CODDL$1 & >E BLAM$ = EV]Y?+ WRONG ) \R $UCATION SY/EM4 ,9 FACT1 GRADE S*OOL TEA*]S UND]GO REALLY GRUEL+ CONDITIONS = MU* LESS MONEY ?AN !Y'D BE PAID IF !Y'D GONE 9TO ALMO/ ANY O!R PR(ESSION REQUIR+ ! SAME LEVEL ( $UCATION1 & ALMO/ ALL ! PROBLEMS ! RI<T-W+]S >E REF]R+ TO >5'T CREAT$ BY ! TEA*]S OR TEA*]S' UNIONS AT ALL BUT BY S*OOL ADM9I/RATORS--! ONES :O >E PAID MU* MORE1 & MO/LY HAVE CLASSIC BULL%IT JOBS ?AT SEEM TO MULTIPLY 5DLESSLY EV5 AS ! TEA*]S !MSELVES >E SQUEEZ$ & D[NSIZ$4 ,SO :Y DOES NO ONE COMPLA9 AB\T ?OSE GUYS8 ,ACTUALLY ,I SAW SOME?+ TELL+ WRITT5 BY A RI<T-W+ ACTIVI/ ON SOME BLOG--HE SAID1 WELL ! FUNNY ?+ IS1 :5 WE FIR/ />T$ \R S*OOL RE=M CAMPAIGNS1 WE TRI$ TO FOCUS ON ! ADM9I/RATORS4 ,BUT IT DIDN'T TAKE4 ,!N WE %IFT$ TO ! TEA*]S & SUDD5LY ! :OLE ?+ EXPLOD$4 ,IT'S H>D TO EXPLA9 ?AT 9 ANY O!R WAY ?AN TO SAY3 A LOT ( PEOPLE RES5T ! TEA*]S = HAV+ G5U9E1 MEAN+FUL JOBS4 ,Y\ GET TO %APE Y\NG LIVES4 ,Y\ GET TO MAKE A REAL DIFF]5CE = O!R PEOPLE4 ,& ! LOGIC SEEMS TO BE3 %\LDN'T ?AT BE 5\< = !M8 ,!Y WANT ?AT1 & MIDDLE-CLASS SAL>IES1 & JOB SECURITY1 & VACATIONS1 & B5EFITS1 TOO8 ,Y\ EV5 SEE ?AT ) AUTO WORK]S4 0,BUT Y\ GET TO MAKE C>S6 ,?AT'S A REAL JOB6 ,& Y\ ALSO WANT @s#c AN H\R80 

,IT'S AN IMP]FECT /RATEGY4 ,! ANTI-9TELLECTUALISM = 9/ANCE WORKS ON MANY SECTIONS ( ! :ITE WORK+ CLASS1 BUT IT DOESN'T WORK NE>LY SO WELL ON IMMIGRANTS OR ,AFRICAN-,AM]ICANS4 ,! RES5TM5T AGA9/ ?OSE :O GET TO DO MEAN+FUL LABOR EXI/S ALONGSIDE A RES5TM5T = HAV+ TO DO MEAN+LESS LABOR TO BEG9 )4 ,IT'S AN UN/ABLE MIX4 ,BUT WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE ?AT 9 C\NTRIES LIKE ! ,U,S1 IT'S BE5 PRETTY EFFECTIVE4 

,:AT CAN BE DONE AB\T ALL ?IS8 

,RI<T AFT] MY ORIG9AL BULL%IT JOBS PIECE CAME \T1 ,I US$ TO ?9K ?AT IF ,I WANT$1 ,I C\LD />T A :OLE C>E] 9 JOB C\NSEL+ - BECAUSE SO MANY PEOPLE W]E WRIT+ TO ME SAY+ 0,I REALIZE MY JOB IS PO9TLESS1 BUT H[ CAN ,I SUPPORT A FAMILY DO+ SOME?+ ?AT'S ACTUALLY WOR?:ILE80 ,A LOT ( PEOPLE :O WORK$ ! 9=MATION DESK AT ,ZUCCOTTI ,P>K1 & O!R OCCUPATIONS1 TOLD ME ! SAME ?+3 Y\NG ,WALL ,/REET TYPES W\LD COME UP TO !M & SAY 0,I MEAN1 ,I KN[ Y\'RE RI<T1 WE'RE NOT DO+ ! WORLD ANY GOOD DO+ :AT WE'RE DO+4 ,BUT ,I DON'T KN[ H[ TO LIVE ON LESS ?AN A SIX FIGURE 9COME4 ,I'D HAVE TO LE>N EV]Y?+ OV]4 ,C\LD Y\ TEA* ME80 

,BUT ,I DON'T ?9K WE CAN SOLVE ! PROBLEM BY MASS 9DIVIDUAL DEFECTION4 ,OR SOME K9D ( SPIRITUAL AWAK5+4 ,?AT'S :AT A LOT ( PEOPLE TRI$ 9 ! '#fS & ! RESULT WAS A SAVAGE C\NT]-(F5SIVE :I* MADE ! SITUATION EV5 WORSE4 ,I ?9K WE NE$ TO ATTACK ! CORE ( ! PROBLEM1 :I* IS ?AT WE HAVE AN ECONOMIC SY/EM ?AT1 BY ITS V]Y NATURE1 WILL ALWAYS REW>D PEOPLE :O MAKE O!R PEOPLE'S LIVES WORSE & PUNI% ?OSE :O MAKE !M BETT]4 ,I'M ?9K+ ( A LABOR MOVEM5T1 BUT ONE V]Y DIFF]5T ?AN ! K9D WE'VE ALREADY SE54 ,A LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT MANAGES TO F9ALLY DIT* ALL TRACES ( ! IDEOLOGY ?AT SAYS ?AT WORK IS A VALUE 9 ITSELF1 BUT RA!R R$EF9ES LABOR AS C>+ = O!R PEOPLE4 ,I ?9K WE SAW ! FIR/ /IRR+S ( ?AT K9D ( MOVEM5T DUR+ ,OCCUPY4 ,I REMEMB] BE+ P>TICUL>LY /RUCK ) ! 0,WE >E ! #i#i.00 WEB PAGE--?IS WAS A PAGE :]E PEOPLE :O SUPPORT$ ! MOVEM5T1 BUT W]E MO/LY TOO BUSY TO ACTUALLY TAKE P>T 9 ! OCCUPATIONS OR ASSEMBLIES1 C\LD CONTRIBUTE BY PO/+ PICTURES ( !MSELVES HOLD+ UP SIGNS :]E !Y'D WRITT5 \T !IR LIFE SITUATION4 ,DEMOGRAPHICALLY IT WAS A V]Y TELL+4 ,MAYBE #h.0 ( !M W]E WOM54 ,& EV5 ?OSE :O W]E M5 W]E MO/LY 9 C>+ PR(ESSIONS3 HEAL? C>E1 SOCIAL S]VICES1 $UCATION4 ,& ! COMPLA9TS W]E SURPRIS+LY UNI=M3 BASICALLY !Y W]E ALL SAY+1 0,I WANT TO DO SOME?+ ) MY LIFE ?AT ACTUALLY B5EFITS O!RS2 BUT IF ,I GO 9TO A L9E ( WORK :]E ,I C>E = O!R PEOPLE1 !Y PAY ME SO LITTLE1 & !Y PUT SO MU* 9 DEBT1 ?AT ,I CAN'T EV5 TAKE C>E ( MY [N FAMILY6 ,?IS IS RIDICUL\S60 

,CALL IT ! REVOLT ( ! C>+ CLASSES4 ,BECAUSE1 AFT] ALL1 ! WORK+ CLASSES HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ! C>+ CLASSES REALLY4 ,I SAY ?IS AS A P]SON ( WORK+ CLASS BACKGR\ND MYSELF4 ,NOT ONLY >E ALMO/ ALL ACTUAL C>EGIV]S 7NOT TO M5TION C>ETAK]S67 WORK+ CLASS1 BUT PEOPLE ( SU* BACKGR\NDS ALWAYS T5D TO SEE !MSELVES AS ! SORT ( PEOPLE :O ACTIVELY C>E AB\T !IR NEI<BORS & COMMUNITIES1 & VALUE SU* SOCIAL COMMITM5TS F> BEYOND MAT]IAL ADVANTAGE4 ,IT'S JU/ \R OBSESSION ) C]TA9 V]Y SPECIFIC =MS ( RA!R MA*O MALE LABOR--FACTORY WORK]S1 TRUCK-DRIV]S1 ?AT SORT ( ?+--:I* !N BECOMES ! P>ADIGM ( ALL LABOR 9 \R IMAG9ATIONS2 ?AT BL9DS US TO ! FACT ?AT ! BULK ( WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 5GAG$ 9 C>+ LABOR ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R4 ,SO ,I ?9K WE NE$ TO />T BY R$EF9+ LABOR ITSELF1 MAYBE1 />T ) CLASSIC 0WOM5'S WORK10 NURTUR+ *ILDR51 LOOK+ AFT] ?+S1 AS ! P>ADIGM = LABOR ITSELF & !N IT WILL BE MU* H>D] TO BE CONFUS$ AB\T :AT'S REALLY VALUABLE & :AT ISN'T4 ,AS ,I SAY1 WE'RE ALREADY SEE+ ! FIR/ /IRR+S ( ?IS SORT ( ?+4 ,IT'S BO? A POLITICAL & A MORAL TRANS=MATION & ?9K IT'S ! ONLY WAY WE CAN OV]COME ! SY/EM ?AT PUTS SO MANY ( US 9 BULL%IT JOBS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #f? ,M>* #bba FROM ZCOMM4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,MORE ,Y\R ,JOB ,HELPS ,O!RS1 ,! ,LESS ,Y\ ,GET ,PAID -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/