,P>T #a#b1 ,*APT] #gg 
,FRE$OM3 ,ALL-,R\ND ,VILLAGE ,S]VICE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,G&HI 

,TEXT 3 

#g#g4 ,A,L,L-,R,\,N,D ,V,I,L,L,A,G,E ,S,],V,I,C,E 

  

,! ,R,E,A,L ,9DIA LIES 9 ! #g11 VILLAGES4 ,IF ,9DIAN CIVILIZATION IS TO MAKE ITS FULL CONTRIBUTION TO ! BUILD+ UP ( A /ABLE WORLD ORD]1 IT IS ?IS VA/ MASS ( HUMANITY ?AT HAS4444TO BE MADE TO LIVE AGA94 7,H1 #b#g-#d-#a#i#d#g1 P4 #a#b#b7 

,WE HAVE TO TACKLE ! TRIPLE MALADY :I* HOLDS \R VILLAGES FA/ 9 ITS GRIP3 7,I7 WANT ( CORPORATE SANITATION2 7II7 DEFICI5T DIET2 7III7 9]TIA 444 ,!Y .<VILLAG]S.> >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 !IR [N WELF>E4 ,!Y DON'T APPRECIATE MOD]N SANIT>Y ME?ODS4 ,!Y DON'T WANT TO EX]T !MSELVES BEYOND SCRAT*+ !IR F>MS OR DO+ SU* LABOR AS !Y >E US$ TO4 ,!SE DIFFICULTIES >E REAL & S]I\S4 ,BUT !Y MU/ NOT BAFFLE US444 

,WE MU/ HAVE AN UNQU5*ABLE FAI? 9 \R MISSION4 ,WE MU/ BE PATI5T ) ! PEOPLE4 ,WE >E \RSELVES NOVICES 9 VILLAGE WORK4 ,WE HAVE TO DEAL ) A *RONIC DISEASE4 ,PATI5CE & P]SEV]ANCE1 IF WE HAVE !M1 OV]COME M\NTA9S ( DIFFICULTIES4 ,WE >E LIKE NURSES :O MAY NOT LEAVE !IR PATI5TS BECAUSE !Y >E REPORT$ TO HAVE AN 9CURABLE DISEASE4 7,H1 #a#f-#e-#a#i#c#f1 PP4 #a#a#a-#a#b7 

,VILLAGES HAVE SUFF]$ LONG FROM NEGLECT BY ?OSE :O HAVE HAD ! B5EFIT ( $UCATION4 ,!Y HAVE *OS5 ! CITY LIFE4 ,! VILLAGE MOVEM5T IS AN ATTEMPT TO E/ABLI% HEAL?Y CONTACT ) ! VILLAGES BY 9DUC+ ?OSE :O >E FIR$ ) ! SPIRIT ( S]VICE TO SETTLE 9 !M & F9D SELF-EXPRESSION 9 ! S]VICE ( VILLAG]S4444 ,?OSE :O HAVE SETTL$ 9 VILLAGES 9 ! SPIRIT ( S]VICE >E NOT DISMAY$ BY ! DIFFICULTIES FAC+ !M4 ,!Y KNEW BE=E !Y W5T ?AT !Y W\LD HAVE TO CONT5D AGA9/ MANY DIFFICULTIES1 9CLUD+ EV5 SULL5NESS ON ! P>T ( VILLAG]S4 ,ONLY ?OSE1 !RE=E1 :O HAVE FAI? 9 !MSELVES & 9 !IR MISSION WILL S]VE ! VILLAG]S & 9FLU5CE !IR LIVES4 

,WORK]S 

  

,A TRUE LIFE LIV$ AMONG ! PEOPLE IS 9 ITSELF AN OBJECT LESSON ?AT MU/ PRODUCE ITS [N EFFECT UPON IMM$IATE SURR\ND+S4 ,! DIFFICULTY ) ! Y\NG IS1 P]HAPS1 ?AT HE HAS GONE TO ! VILLAGE M]ELY TO E>N A LIV+ )\T ! SPIRIT ( S]VICE BEH9D IT4 

,I ADMIT ?AT VILLAGE LIFE DOES NOT (F] ATTRACTIONS TO ?OSE :O GO !RE 9 SE>* ( MONEY4 ,)\T ! 9C5TIVE ( S]VICE VILLAGE LIFE W\LD J> AFT] ! NOVELTY HAS WORN \T4 ,NO Y\NG MAN HAV+ GONE TO A VILLAGE MAY AB&ON ! PURSUIT ON ! SLI<TE/ CONTACT ) DIFFICULTY4 ,PATI5T EF=T WILL %[ ?AT VILLAG]S >E NOT V]Y DIFF]5T FROM CITY-DWELL]S & ?AT !Y WILL RESPOND TO K9DNESS & ATT5TION4 

,IT IS NO D\BT TRUE ?AT ONE DOES NOT HAVE 9 ! VILLAGES ! OPPORTUNITY ( CONTACT ) ! GREAT ONES ( ! L&4 ,) ! GR[? ( VILLAGE M5TALITY ! LEAD]S WILL F9D IT NECESS>Y TO T\R 9 ! VILLAGES & E/ABLI% A LIV+ T\* ) !M4 ,MOREOV]1 ! COMPANION%IP ( ! GREAT & ! GOOD IS AVAILABLE TO ALL ?R\< ! WORKS ( SA9TS LIKE ,*AITANYA1 ,RAMAKRI%ANA1 ,TULSIDAS1 ,KABIR1 ,NANAK1 ,DADU1 ,TUK>AM1 ,TIRUVALLUV>1 & O!RS TOO NUM]\S TO M5TION1 ?\< EQUALLY KN[N & PI\S4 

,LIT]ATURE 

  

,! DIFFICULTY IS TO GET ! M9D TUN$ TO ! RECEPTION ( P]MAN5T VALUES4 ,IF IT IS MOD]N ?\<T-POLITICAL1 SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 SCI5TIFIC-?AT IS MEANT1 IT IS POSSIBLE TO PROCURE LIT]ATURE ?AT WILL SATISFY CURIOSITY4 ,I ADMIT1 H[EV]1 ?AT ONE DOES NOT F9D SU* AS EASILY AS ONE F9DS RELIGI\S LIT]ATURE4 ,SA9TS WROTE & SPOKE = ! MASSES4 ,! VOGUE = TRANSLAT+ MOD]N ?\<T TO ! MASSES 9 AN ACCEPTABLE MANN] HAS NOT YET QUITE SET 94 BUT IT MU/ COME 9 TIME4 

,I W\LD1 !RE=E1 ADVISE Y\NG M54444 ,NOT TO GIVE 91 BUT P]SI/ 9 !IR EF=T & BY !IR PRES5CE MAKE ! VILLAGES MORE LIVABLE & LOVABLE4 ,?AT !Y WILL DO BY S]V+ ! VILLAGES 9 A MANN] ACCEPTABLE TO ! VILLAG]S4 ,EV]YONE CAN MAKE A BEG9N+ BY MAK+ ! VILLAGES CLEAN] BY !IR [N LABOR & REMOV+ ILLIT]ACY TO ! EXT5T ( !IR ABILITY4 ,& IF !IR LIVES >E CLEAN1 ME?ODICAL & 9DU/RI\S1 !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! 9FECTION WILL SPREAD 9 ! VILLAGES 9 :I* !Y MAY BE WORK+4 7,H1 #b-#b-#a#i#c#g1 P4 #a#f7 

,SAMAGRA ,GRAMASEVA 

  

,A ,SAMAGRA ,G,R,A,M ,S,E,V,A,K MU/ KN[ EV]YBODY LIV+ 9 ! VILLAGE & R5D] !M SU* S]VICE AS HE CAN4 ,?AT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ! WORK] WILL BE ABLE TO DO EV]Y?+ S+LE-H&$4 ,HE WILL %[ !M ! WAY ( HELP+ !MSELVES & PROCURE = !M SU* HELP & MAT]IALS AS !Y REQUIRE4 ,HE WILL TRA9 UP HIS [N HELP]S4 ,HE WILL SO W9 OV] ! VILLAG]S ?AT !Y WILL SEEK & FOLL[ HIS ADVICE4 

,SUPPOS+ ,I GO & SETTLE D[N 9 A VILLAGE ) A ,<,A,N,I 7VILLAGE OIL PRESS71 ,I WON'T BE AN ORD9>Y ,<,A,N,*,I 7OIL PRESS]7 E>N+ #a#e-#b RUPEES A MON?4 ,I WILL BE A ,MAHATMA ,<,A,N,*,I4 ,I WILL BE A ,MAHATMA ,<,A,N,*,I4 ,I HAVE US$ ! WORD ',MAHATMA' 9 FUN1 BUT :AT ,I MEAN TO SAY IS ?AT AS A ,<,A,N,*,I ,I WILL BECOME A MODEL = ! VILLAG]S TO FOLL[4 ,I WILL BE A ,<,A,N,*,I :O KN[S ! ,GITA & ! ,QURAN4 ,I WILL BE LE>N$ 5\< TO TEA* !IR *ILDR54 ,I MAY NOT BE ABLE TO DO SO = LACK ( TIME4 ,! VILLAG]S WILL COME TO ME & ASK ME3 0,PLEASE MAKE >RANGEM5TS = \R *ILDR5'S $UCATION04 ,I WILL TELL !M3 0,I CAN F9D Y\ A TEA*]1 BUT Y\ WILL HAVE TO BE> ! EXP5SES04 ,& !Y WILL BE PREP>$ TO DO SO MO/ WILL+LY4 

,I WILL TEA* !M SP9N+ & :5 !Y COME & ASK ME = ! S]VICES ( A WEAV]1 ,I WILL F9D !M A WEAV] ON ! SAME T]MS AS ,I F\ND !M A TEA*]4 ,& ! WEAV] WILL TEA* !M H[ TO WEAVE !IR [N CLO?4 ,I WILL 9CULCATE 9 !M ! IMPORTANCE ( HYGI5E & SANITATION1 & :5 !Y COME & ASK ME = A SWEEP]1 ,I WILL TELL !M3 0,I WILL BE Y\R SWEEP] & ,I WILL TRA9 Y\ ALL 9 ! JOB40 

,?IS IS MY CONCEPTION ( ,SAMAGRA ,GRAMASEVA4 ,Y\ MAY TELL ME ?AT ,I WILL NEV] F9D A ,<,A,N,*,I ( ?IS DESCRIPTION 9 ?IS AGE4 ,!N ,I WILL SAY ?AT WE CANNOT HOPE TO IMPROVE \R VILLAGES 9 ?IS AGE4444 ,AFT] ALL1 ! MAN :O RUNS AN OIL MILL IS A ,<,A,N,*,I4 ,HE HAS MONEY BUT HIS /R5G? DOES NOT LIE 9 HIS MONEY4 ,REAL /R5G? LIES 9 KN[L$GE4 ,TRUE KN[L$GE GIVES A MORAL /&+ & MORAL /R5G?4 ,EV]YONE SEEKS ! ADVICE ( SU* A MAN4 7,H1 #a#g-#c-#a#i#d#f1 P4 #d#b7 

,ECONOMIC ,SURVEY 

  

,! VILLAGES WILL BE SURVEY$ & A LI/ PREP>$ ( ?+S ?AT CAN BE MANUFACTUR$ LOCALLY ) LITTLE OR NO HELP :I* MAY BE REQUIR$ = VILLAGE USE OR = SALE \TSIDE1 SU* = 9/ANCE AS ,<,A,N,I-PRESS$ OIL & CAKES1 BURN+ OIL PREP>$ ?R\< ,<,A,N,I,S1 H&-P\ND$ RICE1 ,T,A,D,G,U,D1 HONEY1 TOYS1 MATS1 H&-MADE PAP]1 VILLAGE SOAP1 ETC4 IF 5\< C>E IS ?US TAK51 ! VILLAGES1 MO/ ( !M AS GOOD AS DEAD OR DY+1 WILL HUM ) LIFE & EXHIBIT ! IMM5SE POSSIBILITIES !Y HAVE ( SUPPLY+ MO/ ( !IR WANTS !MSELVES & ( ! CITIES & T[NS ( ,9DIA4 7,H1 #b#h-#d-#a#i#d#f1 P4 #a#d7 

,>TS ,& ,CRAFTS 

  

,! VILLAG]S %\LD DEVELOP SU* A HI< DEGREE ( SKILL ?AT >TICLES PREP>$ BY !M %\LD COMM& A READY M>KET \TSIDE4 ,:5 \R VILLAGES >E FULLY DEVELOP$1 !RE WILL BE NO DE>? 9 !M ( M5 ) A HI< DEGREE ( SKILL & >TI/IC TAL5T4 ,!RE WILL BE VILLAGE POETS1 VILLAGE >TI/S1 VILLAGE >*ITECTS1 L+UI/S & RESE>* WORK]S4 ,9 %\T1 !RE WILL BE NO?+ 9 LIFE WOR? HAV+ :I* WILL NOT BE HAD 9 ! VILLAGES4 

,TODAY ! VILLAGES >E DUNG HEAPS4 ,TOMORR[ !Y WILL BE LIKE T9Y G>D5S ( ,$5 :]E DWELL HI<LY 9TELLIG5T FOLK :OM NO ONE CAN DECEIVE OR EXPLOIT4 ,! RECON/RUCTION ( ! VILLAGES ALONG !SE L9ES %\LD BEG9 RI<T N[44444 ,! RECON/RUCTION ( ! VILLAGES %\LD NOT BE ORGANIZ$ ON A TEMPOR>Y BUT P]MAN5T BASIS4 7,H1 #a-#a#a-#a#i#d#f1 P4 #c#i#d7 

,ECONOMIC ,REORGANIZATION 

  

,9 MY WRIT+ ON C5T P] C5T ,SWADE%I4 ,I HAVE %[N H[ SOME ASPECTS ( IT CAN BE TACKL$ IMM$IATELY ) B5EFIT TO ! />V+ MILLIONS BO? ECONOMICALLY & HYGI5ICALLY4 ,! RI*E/ 9 ! L& CAN %>E ! B5EFIT4 ,?US1 IF RICE CAN BE P\ND$ 9 ! VILLAGES AFT] ! OLD FA%ION1 ! WAGES WILL FILL ! POCKETS ( ! RICE-P\ND+ SI/]S HAD ! RICE-EAT+ MILLIONS WILL GET SOME SU/5ANCE FROM ! UNPOLI%$ RICE 9/EAD ( PURE />* :I* ! POLI%$ RICE PROVIDES4 ,HUMAN GRE$1 :I* TAKES NO ACC\NT ( ! HEAL? OR ! WEAL? ( ! PEOPLE :O COME UND] ITS HEELS1 IS RESPONSIBLE = ! HIDE\S RICE-MILLS ONE SEES 9 ALL ! RICE-PRODUC+ TRACTS4 ,IF PUBLIC OP9ION WAS /RONG1 IT WILL MAKE RICE-MILLS IMPOSSIBILITY BY SIMPLY 9SI/+ ON UNPOLI%$ RICE & APPEAL+ TO ! [N] ( RICE-MILLS TO /OP A TRAFFIC ?AT UND]M9ES ! HEAL? ( A :OLE NATION & ROBS ! POOR ( AN HONE/ MEANS ( LIVELIHOOD4 7,H1 #b#f-#a-#a#i#c#d1 P4 #b#i#b7 

44444,I W\LD SAY ?AT1 IF ! VILLAGE P]I%ES1 ,9DIA WILL P]I% TOO4 ,9DIA WILL BE NO MORE ,9DIA4 ,H] [N MISSION 9 ! WORLD WILL GET LO/4 ,! REVIVAL ( ! VILLAGE IS POSSIBLE ONLY :5 IT IS NO MORE EXPLOIT$4 ,9DU/RIALIZATION ON A MASS SCALE WILL NECESS>ILY LEAD TO PASSIVE OR ACTIVE EXPLOITATION ( ! VILLAG]S AS ! PROBLEMS ( COMPETITION & M>KET+ COME 94 ,!RE=E1 WE HAVE TO CONC5TRATE ON ! VILLAGE BE+ SELF-CONTA9$1 MANUFACTUR+ MA9LY = USE4 ,PROVID$ ?IS *>ACT] ( ! VILLAGE 9DU/RY IS MA9TA9$1 !RE W\LD BE NO OBJECTION TO VILLAG]S US+ EV5 ! MOD]N MA*9ES & TOOLS ?AT !Y CAN MAKE & CAN AF=D TO USE4 ,ONLY1 !Y %\LD NOT BE US$ AS A MEANS ( EXPLOITATION ( O!RS4 7,H1 #b#i-#h-#a#i#c#f1 P4 #b#b#f7 

,NONVIOL5T ,ECONOMY 

  

,Y\ CANNOT BUILD NONVIOL5CE ON A FACTORY CIVILIZATION1 BUT IT CAN BE BUILT ON SELF-CONTA9$ VILLAGES44444 ,RURAL ECONOMY AS ,I HAVE CONCEIV$ IT1 ES*EWS EXPLOITATION ALTOGE!R1 & EXPLOITATION IS ! ESS5CE ( VIOL5CE4 ,Y\ HAVE1 !RE=E1 TO BE RURAL-M9D$ BE=E Y\ CAN BE NONVIOL5T1 & TO BE RURAL-M9D$ Y\ HAVE TO HAVE FAI? 9 ! SP9N+ :EEL4 7,H1 #d-#a#a-#a#i#c#i1 P4 #c#c#a7 

,WE HAVE TO MAKE A *OICE BETWE5 ,9DIA ( ! VILLAGES ?AT >E AS ANCI5T AS H]SELF & ,9DIA ( ! CITIES :I* >E A CREATION ( =EIGN DOM9ATION4 ,TODAY ! CITIES DOM9ATE & DRA9 ! VILLAGES SO ?AT !Y >E CRUMBL+ TO RU94 ,MY ,KHADI M5TALITY TELLS ME ?AT CITIES MU/ SUB S]VE VILLAGES :5 ?AT DOM9ATION GOES4 ,EXPLOIT+ ( VILLAGES IS ITSELF ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 ,IF WE WANT ,SW>AJ TO BE BUILT ON NONVIOL5CE1 WE WILL HAVE TO GIVE ! VILLAGES !IR PROP] PLACE4 7,H1 #b-#a-#a#i#d1 P4 #d#b#c7 

,FOOD ,RE=M 

  

,S9CE ! ECONOMIC REORGANIZATION ( ! VILLAGES HAS BE5 COMM5C$ ) FOOD RE=M1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO F9D \T ! SIMPLE/ & *EAPE/ FOODS ?AT W\LD 5ABLE ! VILLAG]S TO REGA9 ! LO/ HEAL?4 ,! ADDITION ( GRE5 LEAVES TO !IR MEALS WILL 5ABLE ! VILLAG]S TO AVOID MANY DISEASES FROM :I* !Y >E N[ SUFF]+4 

,! VILLAG]S' FOOD IS DEFICI5T 9 VITAM9S2 MANY ( !M CAN BE SUPPLI$ BY FRE% GRE5 LEAVES4 ,AN EM95T DOCTOR TOLD ME A PROP] USE ( GRE5 LEAVES IS CALCULAT$ TO REVOLUTIONIZE ! CU/OM>Y NOTIONS ( FOOD & MU* ( :AT WAS TODAY BE+ SUPPLI$ BY MILD MAY BE SUPPLI$ BY GRE5 LEAVES4 7,H1 #a#e-#b-#a#i#c#e1 P4 #a7 

,P[] ,MA*9]Y 

  

,IF WE C\LD HAVE ELECTRICITY 9 EV]Y VILLAGE HOME1 ,I %\LD NOT M9D VILLAG]S PLY+ !IR IMPLEM5TS & TOOLS1 ) ! HELP ( ELECTRICITY4 ,BUT !N ! VILLAGE COMMUNITIES OR ! ,/ATE W\LD [N P[]-H\SES JU/ AS !Y HAVE !IR GRAZ+ PA/URES4 ,BUT :]E !RE IS NO ELECTRICITY & NO MA*9]Y1 :AT >E IDLE H&S TO DO4 7,H1 #b#b-#f-#a#i#c#e1 P4 #a#d#f7 

,I REG>D ! EXI/5CE ( P[] :EELS = ! GR9D+ ( CORN 9 ?\S&S ( VILLAGES AS ! LIMIT ( \R HELPLESSNESS4 ,I SUPPOSE ,9DIA DOES NOT PRODUCE ALL ! 5G9ES OR GR9D+ MA*9ES4444 ,! PLANT+ ( SU* MA*9]Y & 5G9ES ON A L>GE SCALE 9 VILLAGES IS ALSO A SIGN ( GRE$4 ,IS IT PROP] TO FILL ONE'S POCKET 9 ?IS MANN] AT ! EXP5SE ( ! POOR8 ,EV]Y SU* MA*9]Y PUTS ?\S&S ( H&-,*,A,K,K,I,S \T ( WORK & TAKES AWAY EMPLOYM5T FROM ?\S& ( H\SEWIVES & >TISANS :O MAKE !SE ,*,A,K,K,I,S4 ,MOREOV]1 ! PROCESS IS 9FECTIVE & WILL SPREAD TO EV]Y VILLAGE 9DU/RY4 ,! DECAY ( ! LATT] SPELLS TOO ! DECAY ( >T4 ,IF IT MEANT REPLACEM5T ( OLD CRAFTS BY NEW ONES1 ONE MI<T NOT HAVE MU* TO SAY AGA9/ IT4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT :AT IS HAPP5+4 ,9 ! ?\S&S ( VILLAGES :]E P[] MA*9]Y EXI/S1 ONE MISSES ! SWEET MUSIC1 9 ! E>LY MORN+1 ( ! GR9D]S AT WORK4 7,H1 #a-#c-#a#i#d#f1 P4 #c#d7 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,P>T #a#b1 ,*APT] #gg -- ,UPDAT$4 

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