,! ,MEET+ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ITALIAN ,C4,G4,L4 AT ,V]ONA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

7#b ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#a7 

,FROM ,9T]NATIONAL ,PRESS ,CORRESPOND5CE1 ,VOL4 #a ,NO4 #a#c1 #b ,DECEMB] #a#i#b#a1 PP4 #a#f-#a#h4 

,TRANSCRIB$ @& M>K$ UP BY ,E9DE ,O',CALLA<AN = ! ,M>XI/S' ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 

,! SESSION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,C4,G4,L4 7,G5]AL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR7 TOOK PLACE AT ,V]ONA FROM ! #e? TO ! #h? ( ,NOVEMB]4 ,AFT] ! ,G5]AL ,CONGRESS ?IS C\NCIL IS ! MO/ IMPORTANT BODY ( ! ,C4,G4,L42 IT CONSI/S ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ALL ! LOCAL TRADE C\NCILS 79 ,ITALY EV]Y PROV9CE HAS ITS ,LABOR ,C\NCIL7 & ( ALL ! ,NATIONAL ,UNIONS4 ,9 CONTRADI/9CTION TO ! ,CONGRESS ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL DOES NOT CONSI/ ( DELEGATES DIRECTLY ELECT$ BY ! LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS BUT ( (FICIALS ( ! ,LABOR ,C\NCILS & ,UNIONS4 ,!SE (FICIALS DO NOT EV5 CONSULT ! COMMITTEES ( ! SEP>ATE LOCAL ,UNIONS BE=E !IR APPE>ANCE AT ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL4 

,?IS TIME ! MEET+ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL WAS ( ESPECIALLY GREAT IMPORTANCE4 ,! CALL+ ( ?IS C\NCIL HAD BE5 DEM&$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,TRADES-,UNION ,COMMITTEE ?REE MON?S AGO2 BY MEANS ( AN OP5 LETT]1 :I* WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY A M&ATE ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY1 IT PUT =W>D A PROPOSAL ( PROLET>IAN ACTION AGA9/ ! (F5SIVE ( ! EMPLOY]S & ! V>I\S ,ITALIAN TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATIONS 7,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,UNION & ! ,RAILWAYM5'S ,UNION7 W]E ASK$ TO CALL !IR ,NATIONAL ,C\NCILS 9 ORD] TO CONSID] ! COMMUNI/ PROPOSAL & TO =M A UNIT$ ,COMMITTEE ( ,ACTION ) A VIEW ( C>RY+ 9TO EFFECT4 ,! PURPORT ( ! PROPOSAL WAS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A UNIT$ FRONT ( ALL ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS 9 ORD] TO COMB9E ! V>I\S P>TIAL LOCAL /RUGGLES1 :I* RESULT$ FROM ! (F5SIVE ( ! EMPLOY]S1 TO PUT =W>D DEF9ITE IMPORTANT DEM&S & TO ATTA9 !SE DEM&S BY A NATIONAL G5]AL /RIKE ( ! 5TIRE WORK+ CLASS4 ,! OP5 LETT] ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,TRADE-,UNION ,COMMITTEE CONTA9$ ! FOLL[+ DEM&S3 AN EI<T-H\R WORK+ DAY2 RECOGNITION ( ! EXI/+ RATE ( WAGES2 PROP] ASSI/ANCE TO ! UNEMPLOY$2 CONTROL ( ! WORK]S ON QUE/IONS ( DISMISSAL FROM EMPLOYM5T2 ! RI<TS & LIB]TY ( ORGANIZATION4 

,9 VIEW ( ! URG5CY ( !SE PROPOSALS ! CALL+ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL & NOT ( ! ,G5]AL ,CONGRESS WAS DEM&$1 & AT ! SAME TIME BEGAN AN 9T5SIVE AGITATION AMONG ! MASSES 9 FAVOR ( ! ACTION PROPOS$ BY ! COMMUNI/S4 ,FROM ,AUGU/ TILL N[ A L>GE NUMB] ( MEET+S ( WORK]S HAVE EXPRESS$ !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( ! PROPOSAL ( ! COMMUNI/S1 :I*1 H[EV]1 DID NOT F9D SUPPORT FROM ! LEAD]S ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,! SYNDICALI/S & AN>*I/S ( ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,UNION ALSO GREET$ IT ) LITTLE 5?USIASM1 :ILE ! ,RAILWAYM5'S ,UNION 7:I* IS BE+ L$ BY AN AN>*I/-SOCIALI/ COALITION7 EXPRESS$ APPROVAL BUT ONLY 9 WORDS & NOT BY DE$S2 ! SOCIALI/S ( ! ,G5]AL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR BRUTALLY DECL>$ !MSELVES AGA9/ ! PROPOSAL4 ,AT FIR/ ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S 5TIRELY IGNOR$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,TRADE-,UNION ,COMMITTEE4 ,!Y W]E1 H[EV]1 COMPELL$ SOON TO GIVE UP ?IS POLICY1 AS 9 ! MASSES ! DISSATISFACTION ) ! NEGATIVE ATTITUDE ( ! ,C4,G4,L4 WAS CON/ANTLY GR[+4 ,! ,EXECUTIVE !N ISSU$ !IR [N PROPOSAL :I* CONSI/$ 9 A DEM& TO ! GOV]NM5T TO E/ABLI% AN ,9QUIRY ,COMMISSION 9 ORD] TO 9QUIRE 9TO ! CONDITION ( 9DU/RY & AS TO :E!R ! DEM&S ( ! CAPITALI/S = A R$UCTION ( WAGES >E JU/IFI$4 ,! MANIFE/O :I* WAS ISSU$ BY ! ,C4,G4,L4 & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 9 CONNECTION ) !IR PROPOSAL1 BY RECOGNIZ+ ! EV5TUAL AW>D ( ?IS ,9QUIRY ,COMMISSION1 ACTUALLY RECOGNIZES ! PR9CIPLE ?AT ! WAGES ( ! WORK]S MAY BE R$UC$ IF ! PR(ITS ( CAPITAL DECREASES4 

,?IS RIDICUL\S ANTI-SOCIALI/IC =MULA JU/ AS ! PROPOSAL = A ,COMMISSION ( ,9QUIRY ITSELF CAUS$ ATTACKS FROM ! COMMUNI/S :OSE 5]GY 9CREAS$ 9 VIEW ( ! GR[+ SUPPORT ( ! MASSES4 ,9 ! MEANTIME 9 V>I\S PLACES ! SITUATION BECAME MORE T5SE AS A RESULT ( ! ATTEMPTS TO R$UCE WAGES4 ,9 MANY BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY NOTICE WAS GIV5 ( ! EXI/+ AGREEM5TS & WAGES W]E R$UC$2 9 ! TEXTILE1 METAL & *EMICAL 9DU/RY /RUGGLES COMM5C$4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,OCTOB] ! METAL WORK]S 9 ! ,TRIE/E PROV9CE & 9 ,LIGURIA W]E ON /RIKE1 :ILE 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,PI$MONT & 9 ,LOMB>DY A /RIKE WAS ?REAT5$4 ,AP>T FROM ?AT1 ALL OV] ,ITALY ! WOOL-WEAV]S W]E /RIK+ & 9 V>I\S PLACES !RE W]E MOVEM5TS ( LESS] IMPORTANCE4 ,! DISSATISFACTION AMONG ! WORK]S WAS GR[+ & ! COMMUNI/S W]E ABLE TO GREATLY /R5G!N !IR POSITION 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,F4,I4,O4,M4 7,F$]ATIONE ,ITALIANA ,OP]AI ,METALLURGICI - ,ITALIAN ,METAL ,WORK]S' ,UNION7 #d#e1 AGA9/ #f#e14 ,!IR REPRES5TATIVES W]E ALSO ELECT$ TO ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,ACTION ( ! METAL WORK]S4 ,A /RIKE 9 ?AT IMPORTANT BRAN* ( 9DU/RY WAS APPROA*+2 :ILE ! GOV]NM5T ACCEPT$ ! PROPOSAL ( ! ,C4,G4,L4 TO E/ABLI% AN ,9QUIRY ,COMMISSION1 ! EMPLOY]S OPPOS$ IT BECAUSE !Y WI%$ A FI<T4 

,! LEAD]S ( ! TRADE UNION W]E COMPELL$ TO CALL TOGE!R ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL = ! #e? ( ,NOVEMB]4 ,%ORT NOTICE WAS GIV5 9 ORD] ?AT ! CONF]5CE %\LD CONSI/ ONLY ( (FICIALS2 9 VIEW ( ! %ORT NOTICE IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = ! ORGANIZATIONS TO MEET BE=EH&2 ALL SORTS ( EXCUSES W]E US$ 9 ORD] TO IGNORE 5TIRELY ! ACTUAL FOLL[+ ( ! P>TIES 7AS RECORD$ BY ! NUMB]S ( VOTES71 ! MORE SO AS 9 A NUMB] ( ORGANIZATIONS1 ALSO 9 ?OSE :]E ! SOCIALI/ 9FLU5CE PR$OM9ATES1 VOICES W]E HE>D AGA9/ ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE & 9 FAVOR ( ! COMMUNI/S4 

,9 ,LOMB>DY NOTICE WAS GIV5 ( A /RIKE ( METAL WORK]S TO BEG9 ON ,MONDAY ! #a/ ( ,NOVEMB]1 :I* ACTUALLY AM\NT$ TO A /RIKE ON A NATIONAL SCALE4 ,ON ,SUNDAY1 A DAY BE=E ?AT1 ! GOV]NM5T & ! RE=MI/ LEAD]S DEVELOP$ FEV]I% ACTIVITY4 ,AT LA/ !Y SUCCE$$ 9 OBTA9+ FROM ! EM-PLOY]S CONCESSIONS :I*1 NOT)/&+ ! OPPOSITION ( ! COMMUNI/S L$ TO AN UND]/&+4 ,?US1 ! /RIKE :I* \<T TO HAVE COMM5C$ ON ,MONDAY WAS DECL>$ (F4 ,! SETTLEM5T1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! /ATUS QUO HAD TO BE MA9TA9$ 9 ! WORKS ( ,LOMB>DY UP TO ,DECEMB] #c#a/1 MEANT 9 REALITY A SIL5T ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,COMMISSION ( ,9QUIRY & ( ! FAM\S PR9CIPLE1 ?AT WAGES HAVE TO BE CUT D[N IF IT IS PROV$ ?AT ! CAPITALI/S F9D !MSELVES 9 A DIFFICULT POSITION4 ,?IS AGREEM5T1 FUR!R1 BROKE UP ! NATIONAL FRONT ( ! METAL WORK]S AS IT PREV5T$ ! /RUGGLE 9 ,LOMB>DY1 :ILE 9 ,LIGURIA1 ,TRIE/E & O!R P>TS ( ! C\NTRY ! /RIKE CONT9U$4 ,! AGREEM5T WAS TO BE RATIFI$ AT A MEET+ ( ! METAL-WORK]S ( ,MILAN1 BUT ! MEET+ 5D$ 9 A FREE FI<T BETWE5 ! COMMUNI/S & SOCIALI/S4 ,BY SUP]HUMAN EF=TS1 ! RE=MI/ LEAD]S1 ?OSE AG5TS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 :O BELIEV$ A CAMPAIGN ( ! ,COMMUNI/S TO BE IMM95T1 SUCCE$$ 9 /OPP+ ! MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S ( ! *EMICAL 9DU/RY BY AN AGREEM5T :I* BECAME ! SUBJECT ( HEAT$ DISCUSSIONS4 

,SU* WAS ! SITUATION :5 ! CONF]5CE AT ,V]ONA COMM5C$4 ,!RE W]E AB\T #b DELEGATES PRES5T1 AMONG !M AB\T #f ( ! COMMUNI/ OPPOSITION4 ,BETWE5 ! TWO P>TIES A DI/9CT DIVISION BECAME APP>5T4 ,! COMMUNI/S ATTACK$ ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S ON QUE/IONS ( PR9CIPLE4 ,! LATT] PUT =W>D !IR BE/ SPEAK]S 9 !IR DEF5SE & OP5LY EXPRESS$ HATR$ ( ! COMMUNI/S & !IR DESIRE TO EXPEL !M FROM ! ,C4,G4,L4 IF ! COMMUNI/ TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATIONS W\LD NOT BE /RONG 5\< TO DEFEAT SU* 9T5TIONS4 

,AT ! CONF]5CE ! COMMUNI/S W]E ANIMAT$ BY ! /RICT DISCIPL9E :I* DI/+UI%ES \R M9ORITY 9 ! ,C4,G4,L4 ,!Y TOOK !IR DIRECTIONS FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,TRADE-,UNION ,COMMITTEE 5L>G$ BY A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,P>TY ,COMMITTEE1 ?US ALL ITS ACTIONS W]E CONSEQU5T & CLE>4 ,! SOCIALI/S W]E HELD TOGE!R BY !IR FE> & DISLIKE ( ! COMMUNI/S4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 :I* IS UNIT$ ) ! ,C4,G4,L4 BY AN 0ALLIANCE01 WAS NOT REPRES5T$4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! MEET+ A TELEGRAM ( ! ,P>TY ,EXECUTIVE WAS RECEIV$ /AT+ ?AT ! P>TY WAS NOT REPRES5T$ AS ,S]RATI WAS ABROAD4 ,! :OLE ( ! SOCIALI/ PRESS1 H[EV]1 ESPECIALLY ,AVANTI61 WAS AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S 9 !IR CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! COMMUNI/S4 ,! /RUGGLE FROM ! V]Y \TSET C5T]$ NOT SO MU* ON QUE/IONS ( PR9CIPLE AS ON QUE/IONS ( ! RESPECTIVE 9FLU5CE ( ! TWO GR\PS4 ,! COMMUNI/S PROTE/$ FREQU5TLY AGA9/ ! SY/EMATIC WIRE-PULL+ US$ BY ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S4 

,9 ORD] TO APPRAISE CORRECTLY ! VOT+ AT ?IS CONF]5CE IT IS NECESS>Y TO TAKE 9TO CONSID]ATION ! FOLL[+3 

,! VOT+ TOOK PLACE ON ! BASIS ( ! MEMB]%IP ( #a#i#b4 ,?AT MEANS A NUMB] ( VOTES WAS ASSUM$ :I* 9 ! MEANTIME HAD DECREAS$ BY HALF4 ,?IS WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! COMMUNI/S AS ! VOTES RECORD$ = !M CAME FROM REALLY EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* HAD BE5 CONQU]$ BY ! COMMUNI/S DUR+ #aiba & HAD ADOPT$ !IR PROPOSAL :ILE HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( NON-EXI/+ NUMB]S W]E TAK5 TO BE 9 FAVOR ( ! CAUCUS BECAUSE IT C\LD NOT BE PROV$ ?AT !Y HAD BE5 VOT+ AGA9/ ! DECISIONS ( ! ,C4,G4,L4 ,SU* A PRO( = ! COMMUNI/S WAS ! ONLY MEANS ( RETA9+ !IR VOTES & EV5 ?IS DID NOT ALWAYS SUCCE$4 ,IT WILL SUFFICE TO 9/ANCE ! CASE ( ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,WORK]S' ,UNION4 ,IT HAS A MEMB]%IP N[ ( ONLY AB\T #b1 YET A VOTE WAS RECORD$ = #h1 MEMB]S4 7,?IS 5ORM\S DECREASE 9 MEMB]%IP IS TO HE EXPLA9$ BY ! EFFECT ( ! ,FASCI/I ACTIVITIES 9 ! RURAL DI/RICTS74 ,! COMMUNI/S HAD A M9ORITY :I* W\LD HAVE =M$ A BIG P]C5TAGE ( ! #b1 IF REALLY EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONS ?AT ONLY AFFILIAT$ 9 #aiba HAD BE5 ALL[$ TO VOTE4 
  

,9 ACCORDANCE ) ! RULES1 ! VOTES W]E RECORD$ 9 A PECULI> MANN]4 ,ONE & ! SAME ORGANIZATION IS TWICE REPRES5T$ ON ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL - ONCE ?R\< ! ,TRADE ,C\NCILS & ! SECOND TIME ?R\< ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,! METAL WORK]S' BRAN* ( ,MILAN1 = 9/ANCE1 VOTES FIR/ AS P>T ( ! ,MILAN ,TRADE ,C\NCIL1 !N AS A P>T ( ! ,NATIONAL ,METAL ,WORK]S' ,UNION4 ,!RE=E ! VOTES RECORD$ - ?OSE ( ! TRADE1 C\NCILS AS WELL AS ?OSE ( ! ,NATIONAL ,UNIONS >E DIVID$ BY TWO4 ,%\LD ALL ORGANIZATIONS BE REPRES5T$1 IF = 9/ANCE ! VOTES ( ! ,MILAN ,METAL ,WORK]S %\LD BE ( EQUAL WEI<T 9 ! ,TRADES ,C\NCIL & 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,UNION1 IT W\LD BE ( NO CONSEQU5CE :E!R ! ,TRADE ,C\NCILS OR ! ,NATIONAL ,UNIONS RECORD !IR VOTES1 ! RESULT W\LD SC>CELY DIFF]4 ,H[EV] - ! ADVANTAGES ( TRADE-UNION 0,DEMOCRACY0 >E WELL KN[N6 ,! OPPOSITION AGA9/ ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S MAKES ITSELF /RONGLY FELT 9 ! LOCAL ORGANIZATION1 ! TRADE ,C\NCILS1 BUT IT DOES NOT SUCCE$ 9 P5ETRAT+ 9TO ! SANCTUM SANCTORUM ( ! ,NATIONAL ,UNIONS2 ?US ! LATT] =M A /RONG RES]VE ( VOTES 9 FAVOR ( ! ,TRADE ,UNION BUREAUCRACY4 
  

,! COMMUNI/S HAVE BE5 D5I$ ! RI<T TO REPRES5T MANY ORGANIZATIONS ESPECIALLY ! M9ORITIES ( TRADE-UNIONS & ,TRADES ,C\NCILS1 :]E (T5 ! NUMB] ( ! COMMUNI/ VOTES IS ALMO/ EQUAL TO ?AT ( !IR OPPON5TS4 
  

,! VOTES ( ALL ORGANIZATIONS :I* HAD NOT DISCUSS$ ! COMMUNI/ PROPOSAL - MO/LY AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! LEAD]S' OB/RUCTION - WAS QUIETLY C\NT$ AS RECORD$ = ! SOCIALI/S4 

,?US ! VOTE TAK5 AT ,V]ONA WAS ABSOLUTELY FICTITI\S4 ,%\LD ONE CORRECTLY APPRAISE ! REAL /R5G? ( ! TWO GR\PS1 ! RESULT W\LD APPE> MORE FAVORABLE TO ! COMMUNI/S4 ,?IS1 H[EV]1 IS NOT BE+ DONE & PEOPLE SATISFY !MSELVES ) ! FICTITI\S FIGURES :I* %[ ?AT ! COMMUNI/S RECEIV$ #d#a#g1 & ! SOCIALI/S #a1#c#b#f1 VOTES4 ,9 ORD] TO COME TO A CORRECT CONCLUSION ONE HAS TO TAKE 9TO CONSID]ATION ! FACT ?AT HAD ! VOTES ( ! ,TRADES ,C\NCILS BE5 C\NT$1 ! COMMUNI/S W\LD HAVE RECEIV$ #e1 AGA9/ #b1 ( ! ,SOCIALI/S4 ,HAD ONLY ! VOTES ( ?OSE ACTUALLY AFFILIAT$ 9 #a#i#b#a1 :O NUMB] AB\T #a111 BE5 RECORD$ !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 A RATIO ( #d#f1 TO #f11 S9CE ! SOCIALI/S HAVE LO/ MANY MORE VOTES ?AN ! COMMUNI/S4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT1 AT A PROP]LY ORGANIZ$ CONGRESS1 :]E ALL M9ORITIES W\LD BE REPRES5T$ & ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS :I* HAD NOT MADE UP !IR M9DS AS TO ! ISSUES AT /AKE W]E EXCLUD$1 ! COMMUNI/S C\LD PROVE ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S >E BEH9D !M4 ,%\LD ?AT BE ATTA9$1 ! MA*9]Y ( DICTATOR%IP ( ! TRADE UNION BUREAUCRACY W\LD BE DE/ROY$4 

,! COMMUNI/S DEM& ?AT A G5]AL CONGRESS BE CALL$1 BECAUSE !Y DO NOT RECOGNIZE ! VOTE TAK5 ON ! QUE/ION ( ! 9T]NATIONAL :I* %[$ A MAJORITY = ,AM/]DAM2 !Y DID NOT P>TICIPATE 9 IT AS !Y CONSID] ?AT ONLY ! G5]AL CONGRESS HAS ! AU?ORITY TO DECIDE ?IS QUE/ION4 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAS ISSU$ A MANIFE/O ANN\NC+ ?AT !Y WILL 9CREASE !IR EF=TS TO CONQU] ! TRADE UNIONS1 S9CE ! CONF]5CE AT ,V]ONA HAS PROV$ ?AT ! POSITION ( ! COMMUNI/S 9 ! TRADE UNIONS IS A V]Y /RONG ONE4 

,BY MEANS ( A EV]-GR[+ NET ( COMMUNI/ GR\PS & ,COMMUNI/ ,TRADE-,UNIONS ,COMMITTEES CONTROLL$ BY ! P>TY ! LATT] WILL MANAGE TO ATTA9 CONTROL ( ! ,G5]AL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 & ?US TO CREATE A PROP] BASIS ( REPRES5TATION 9/EAD ( ! PRES5T ONE :I* AF=DS ! TRADE UNION LEAD]S POSSIBILITIES = ALL SORTS ( MA*9ATIONS4 

,AT ! ,CONGRESS1 ! /RUGGLE N[ GO+ ON 9 EV]Y TRADE UNION ORGANIZATION WILL BE CONT9U$2 IT WILL BR+ NEW VICTORIES TO \R P>TY4 ,! P>TY WILL PUT =W>D ! FOLL[+ PROGRAM = COMMUNI/ TRADE UNION ACTIVITY3 AFFILIATION TO ,MOSC[1 - ! CLOS+ ( ! RANKS ( ! PROLET>IAT1 I4E41 ! CREATION ( AN UNIT$ PROLET>IAN FRONT AGA9/ ! 9CREAS+ (F5SIVE ( ! EMPLOY]S4 ,QUITE AP>T FROM ! ,CONGRESS1 :I* ! TRADE UNION LEAD]S >E TRY+ BY ALL MEANS TO DELAY1 CLE> SIGNS >E NOTICEABLE ( AN 9CREAS+ 9DIGNATION ( ! MASSES AGA9/ ! OPPORTUNISM ( ! LEAD]S4 

,AS REG>DS ! POLICY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY T[>DS ! TRADE UNIONS IT FOND A CLE> EXPRESSION 9 ! RESOLUTION PUT =W>D BY ! COMMUNI/S AT ! ,V]ONA CONF]5CE4 

,?IS RESOLUTION READS3 

0,:]EAS1 ! EMPLOY]S1 9 ALL !IR POLITICAL 
& ECONOMIC MANIFE/ATIONS1 >E DEVELOP+ A PLAN = ! DE/RUCTION 
( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS ORGANIZATION1 :I* TO ! GOV]N+ CLASS 
SEEMS ! ONLY WAY \T ( ! PRES5T SITUATION & A MEANS TO KEEP UP 
!IR POLITICAL & ECONOMIC DOM9ATION1 & TO PREV5T ! OPPOSITE 
REVOLUTION>Y SOLUTION T[>DS :I* ! PROLET>IAT ID DRIV5 9 ITS 
ATTEMPT TO DEF5D ITS VITAL 9T]E/ & 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ITS 
ECONOMIC /RUGGLES1 & 

0,:]EAS1 ! READ9ESS TO REPLACE ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATIONS BY AN AW>D ( A COMMISSION 9 :I* ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! EMPLOY]S1 ! GOV]NM5T & ! YELL[ TRADE UNIONS >E MORE NUM]\S ?AN ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PROLET>IAN TRADE UNIONS1 MEANS ! RETREAT BE=E ! EMPLOY]S' (F5SIVE & ! =SAK+ NOT ONLY ( ! CLASS-/RUGGLE BUT ( ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( WORK+-CLASS ORGANIZATION1 ALL ! MORE SO AS SU* ACTION W\LD 9CLUDE ! RECOGNITION ( ! PR9CIPLE ?AT A R$UCTION ( WAGES IS JU/IFI$ IF IT CORRESPONDS TO A DECREASE ( ! PR(ITS ( CAPITAL1 & 

0,:]EAS1 ! RESI/ANCE ( ! TRADE UNIONS TO ! DEM&S ( ! EMPLOY]S CAN NOT LEAD TO A REAL PROLET>IAN VICTORY IF ! /RUGGLE IS BE+ C>RI$ ON 9 EV]Y LOCALITY & 9DU/RY SEP>ATELY1 & 

0,:]EAS1 ! PROGRESS ( ! /RUGGLES N[ GO+ ON1 EV5 :]E !Y L$ TO A TRUCE :I* DOES NOT PROTECT ! WORK]S AGA9/ ! REPRISALS ( ! EMPLOY]S1 :I* COMPROMISES ! /RUGGLE BY ! WRONG POLICY ( DECID+ EA* CASE ON ITS M]ITS & BY ! SIL5T RECOGNITION ( ! H>MFUL PR9CIPLE ( R$UC+ WAGES ACCORD+ TO ! POSITION ( ! 9DU/RY1 %[S CLE>LY ?AT !SE /RUGGLES >E ONLY ! OP5+ ( A FUR!R 9T5SIFICATION ( ! CAPITALI/ ATTACKS AGA9/ ! GA9S ( ! PROLET>IAT1 

0,BE IT RESOLV$1 ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]AL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR DECL>ES AFT] A C>EFUL ANALYSIS ( ! S]I\S SITUATION 9 :I* ! ,ITALIAN PROLET>IAT F9DS ITSELF1 ?AT IT IS ! TASK & DUTY ( ! PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION TO DIRECT ALL ITS 5]GY T[>DS ! DEF5SE ( A NUMB] ( DEM&S :I* >E ( VITAL IMPORTANCE TO ! WORK+ CLASS & MEAN REAL PROLET>IAN GA9S1 & ! MA9T5ANCE ( :I* IS ESS5TIAL TO ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,!SE DEM&S >E3 

,AN EI<T-H\R WORK+ DAY1 
  

,ACTUAL RECOGNITION ( ! EXI/+ AGREEM5TS ( 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL WORK]S & NO R$UCTION ( WAGES :I* IS NOT JU/IFI$ BY A R$UCTION 9 ! CO/ ( LIV+2 
  

,MA9T5ANCE ( ! UNEMPLOY$ & !IR FAMILIES2 ALL CO/S ACCRU+ !REFROM TO BE BORN BY ! EMPLOY]S & ! /ATE2 
  

,9VIOLABILITY & RECOGNITION ( ! RI<T ( ORGANIZATION2 
  

,CONTROL BY ! ORGANIZATION ( PROMOTIONS & DISMISSALS1 &1 

0,BE IT RESOLV$1 ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL DECL>ES ?AT !SE DEM&S CAN BE ATTA9$ ONLY BY A UNIT$ FRONT ( ! WORK]S ( ALL CALL+S & ( ALL UNIONS1 BY CONC]T$ ACTION & BY COMB9+ ALL /RUGGLES & WAGE MOVEM5TS 9 ORD] TO MEET ! EMPLOY]S' (F5SIVE BY A G5]AL /RIKE ( ! 5TIRE WORK+-CLASS4 ,?IS ,C\NCIL !RE=E RESOLVES TO ELECT A ,COMMITTEE ( ,ACTION1 :I* MU/ IMM$IATELY COMMUNICATE ) ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ALL O!R PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATIONS ( ,ITALY ) A VIEW ( COORD9AT+ & LEAD+ ! MOVEM5T 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! PR9CIPLES EMBODI$ 9 ?IS RESOLUTION 9 ORD] TO COMB9E ! SEP>ATE /RUGGLES ( ! WORK]S1 TO DIRECT !M AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]S' (F5SIVE & ?US TO ACCOMPLI% ! COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAN =CES40 

,A FEW WORDS 9 CONCLUSION4 ,9 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! COMMUNI/S & ! TRADE-UNION BUREAUCRACY :I* CONSI/S ( ! ULTRA-RE=MI/ ELEM5TS ( ! RI<T W+ ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 ! LEFT W+1 :I* AT ! ,MILAN ,CONGRESS OBTA9$ A MAJORITY1 HAS LO/ ALL ITS IMPORTANCE4 ,ONLY A FEW FOLL[]S ( ,S]RATI >E NOT YET PREP>$ TO PLAY ! P>T ( S]VANTS TO RE=MISM & HAVE REFRA9$ FROM VOT+4 ,!Y1 I4E41 ! 0MAXIMALI/S01 :O >E NOT PREP>$ TO OBEY EV]Y ORD] ( ,D',>AGONA @& ,CO4 H>DLY OBTA9$ #a#h1 VOTES \T ( #a1#h1 7,9 \R OP9ION ! ACTUAL COLLABORATION F9DS ITS EXPRESSION NOT SO MU* 9 A POSSIBLE SOCIALI/-B\RGEOIS M9I/RY ( TOMORR[ AS 9 ! POLICY (T HE ,C4,G4,L4 :I* ALREADY QUITE OP5LY /&S ON ! PLAT=M ( ! SOLUTION ( PRES5T 9DU/RIAL & CAPITALI/ CRISES74 

,?IS FACT IS V]Y 9/RUCTIVE TO MANY PEOPLE :O ?9K ?AT A L>GE P>T ( ! ,ITALIAN MASSES CAN BE GA9$ BY A POLICY ( SPLITT+ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ( UNIT+ ) ITS LEFT W+4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ( ,ITALY IS ONLY A %AD[ AS COMP>$ ) ! REALITY ( ?AT 0,P>TY ( ,LABOR0 :I* HAS BE5 F\ND$ BY ! ,C4,G4,L4 & ITS CLIQUE ( LEAD]S4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,MEET+ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ITALIAN ,C4,G4,L4 AT ,V]ONA -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,MEET+ ( ! ,NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,ITALIAN ,C4,G4,L4 AT ,V]ONA -- ,UPDAT$4 

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