,! ,MAY-,JUNE ,EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TEXT 3 

#a4 ,FRANCE3 ,A ,MOVEM5T = ,LIFE 

,! ,QUALITY ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE 

,! #aifh ,MAY-,JUNE UPRIS+ WAS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT EV5TS TO OCCUR 9 ,FRANCE S9CE ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a4 ,NOT ONLY DID IT %AKE ! F\NDATIONS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY 9 ,FRANCE1 IT RAIS$ ISSUES & POS$ SOLUTIONS ( UNPREC$5T$ IMPORTANCE = MOD]N 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY4 ,IT DES]VES ! CLOSE/ /UDY & ! MO/ ?OR\<GO+ DISCUSSION BY REVOLUTION>IES EV]Y:]E4 

,! ,MAY-,JUNE UPRIS+ OCCURR$ 9 AN 9DU/RIALIZ$1 CONSUMPTION-ORI5T$ C\NTRY--LESS DEVELOP$ ?AN ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 BUT ESS5TIALLY 9 ! SAME ECONOMIC CATEGORY4 ,! UPRIS+ EXPLOD$ ! MY? ?AT ! WEAL? & RES\RCES ( MOD]N 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY CAN BE US$ TO ABSORB ALL REVOLUTION>Y OPPOSITION4 ,! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS %[$ ?AT CONTRADICTIONS & ANTAGONISMS 9 CAPITALISM >E NOT ELIM9AT$ BY /ATIFICATION & ADVANC$ =MS ( 9DU/RIALISM1 BUT *ANG$ 9 =M & *>ACT]4 

,! FACT ?AT ! UPRIS+ TOOK EV]YONE BY SURPRISE1 9CLUD+ ! MO/ SOPHI/ICAT$ !ORETICIANS 9 ! ,M>XI/1 ,SITUATIONI/ & AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS1 UND]SCORES ! IMPORTANCE ( ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS & RAISES ! NE$ TO REEXAM9E ! S\RCES ( REVOLUTION>Y UNRE/ 9 MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,! GRAFFITI ON ! WALLS ( ,P>IS--0,P[] TO ! ,IMAG9ATION10 0,IT IS =BIDD5 TO =BID10 0,LIFE )\T DEAD TIMES10 0,NEV] WORK0-REP RES5T A MORE PROB+ ANALYSIS ( !SE S\RCES ?AN ALL ! !ORETICAL TOMES 9H]IT$ FROM ! PA/4 ,! UPRIS+ REVEAL$ ?AT WE >E AT ! 5D ( AN OLD ]A & WELL 9TO ! BEG9N+ ( A NEW ONE4 ,! MOTIVE =CES ( REVOLUTION TODAY1 AT LEA/ 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ WORLD1 >E NOT SIMPLY SC>CITY & MAT]IAL NE$1 BUT ALSO ! QUALITY ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 ! DEM& = ! LIB]ATION ( EXP]I5CE1 ! ATTEMPT TO GA9 CONTROL OV] ONE'S [N DE/9Y4 ,IT MATT]S LITTLE ?AT ! GRAFFITI ON ! WALLS ( ,P>IS W]E 9ITIALLY SCRAWL$ BY A SMALL M9ORITY4 ,FROM EV]Y?+ ,I HAVE SE51 IT IS CLE> ?AT ! GRAFFITI 7:I* N[ =M ! CONT5T ( SEV]AL BOOKS7 HAVE CAPTUR$ ! IMAG9ATION ( MANY ?\S&S 9 ,P>IS4 ,!Y HAVE T\*$ ! REVOLUTION>Y N]VE ( ! CITY4 

,! ,SPONTANE\S ,MAJORITY ,MOVEM5T 

,! REVOLT WAS A MAJORITY MOVEM5T 9 ! S5SE ?AT IT CUT ACROSS NE>LY 
ALL ! CLASS L9ES 9 ,FRANCE4 ,IT 9VOLV$ NOT ONLY /UD5TS & WORK]S1 BUT TE*NICIANS1 5G9E]S & CL]ICAL PEOPLE 9 NE>LY EV]Y /RATUM ( ! /ATE1 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL BUREAUCRACY4 ,IT SWEPT 9 PR(ESSIONALS & LABOR]S1 9TELLECTUALS & FOOTBALL PLAY]S1 TELEVISION BROADCA/]S & SUBWAY WORK]S4 ,IT EV5 T\*$ ! G5D>M]IE ( ,P>IS1 & ALMO/ C]TA9LY AFFECT$ ! GREAT MASS ( CONSCRIPT SOLDI]S 9 ! ,FR5* >MY4 

,! REVOLT WAS 9ITIAT$ PRIM>ILY BY ! Y\NG4 ,IT WAS BEGUN BY UNIV]SITY /UD5TS1 !N IT WAS TAK5 UP BY Y\NG 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 UNEMPLOY$ Y\?1 & ! 0LEA!R JACKETS0--! SO-CALL$ 0DEL9QU5T Y\?0 ( ! CITIES4 ,SPECIAL EMPHASIS MU/ BE GIV5 TO HI< S*OOL /UD5TS & ADOLESC5TS1 :O (T5 %[$ MORE C\RAGE & DET]M9ATION ?AN ! UNIV]SITY /UD5TS4 ,BUT ! REVOLT SWEPT 9 OLD] PEOPLE AS WELL-BLUE & :ITE-COLL> WORK]S1 TE*NICIANS & PR(ESSIONALS4 ,AL?\< IT WAS CATALYZ$ BY CONSCI\S REVOLUTION>IES1 ESPECIALLY BY AN>*I/ AFF9ITY GR\PS :OSE EXI/5CE NO ONE HAD EV5 FA9TLY SUPPOS$1 ! FL[1 ! MOVEM5T ( ! UPRIS+ WAS SPONTANE\S4 ,NO ONE HAD 0SUMMON$ IT =?02 NO ONE HAD 0ORGANIZ$0 IT2 NO ONE SUCCE$$ 9 0CONTROLL+0 IT4 

,A FE/IVE ATMOSPH]E PREVAIL$ ?R\<\T MO/ ( ! ,MAY-,JUNE DAYS1 AN AWAK5+ ( SOLID>ITY1 ( MUTUAL AID1 9DE$ ( A SELFHOOD & SELF-EXPRESSION ?AT HAD NOT BE5 SE5 9 ,P>IS S9CE ! ,COMMUNE4 ,PEOPLE LIT]ALLY DISCOV]$ !MSELVES & !IR FELL[ HUMAN BE+S ANEW OR REMADE !MSELVES4 ,9 MANY 9DU/RIAL T[NS1 WORK]S CLOGG$ ! SQU>ES1 HUNG \T R$ FLAGS1 READ AVIDLY & DISCUSS$ EV]Y LEAFLET ?AT FELL 9TO !IR H&S4 ,A FEV] = LIFE GRIPP$ MILLIONS1 A REAWAK5+ ( S5SES ?AT PEOPLE NEV] ?\<T !Y POSSESS$1 A JOY & ELATION !Y NEV] ?\<T !Y C\LD FEEL4 ,TONGUES W]E LOOS5$1 E>S & EYES ACQUIR$ A NEW ACUITY4 ,!RE WAS S++ ) NEW1 & (T5 RIBALD1 V]SES ADD$ TO OLD TUNES4 ,MANY FACTORY FLOORS W]E TURN$ 9TO DANCE FLOORS4 ,! SEXUAL 9HIBITIONS ?AT HAD FROZ5 ! LIVES ( SO MANY Y\NG PEOPLE 9 ,FRANCE W]E %ATT]$ 9 A MATT] ( DAYS4 ,?IS WAS NOT A SOLEMN REVOLT1 A C\P D'ETAT BUREAUCRATICALLY PLOTT$ & MANIPULAT$ BY A 0VANGU>D0 P>TY2 IT WAS WITTY1 SATIRICAL1 9V5TIVE & CREATIVE--& !RE9 LAY ITS /R5G?1 ITS CAPACITY = IMM5SE SELF-MOBILIZATION1 ITS 9FECTI\SNESS4 

,MANY PEOPLE TRANSC5D$ ! N>R[ LIMITATIONS ?AT HAD IMP$$ !IR SOCIAL VISION4 ,= ?\S&S ( /UD5TS1 ! REVOLUTION DE/ROY$ ! PRISSY1 TI<T-ASS$ S5SE ( 0/UD5?OOD0--?AT PRIVILEG$1 POMP\S /ATE ?AT IS EXPRESS$ 9 ,AM]ICA BY ! 0POSITION PAP]0 & BY ! /UFFY 
SOCIOLOGESE ( ! 0ANALYTICAL0 DOCUM5T4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL WORK]S :O CAME TO ! ACTION COMMITTEES AT ,C5SI].<#a.> CEAS$ TO BE 0WORK]S0 AS SU*4 ,!Y BECAME REVOLUTION>IES4 ,& IT IS PRECISELY ON ! BASIS ( ?IS NEW ID5TITY ?AT PEOPLE :OSE LIVES HAD BE5 SP5T 9 UNIV]SITIES1 FACTORIES & (FICES C\LD MEET FREELY1 EX*ANGE EXP]I5CES & 5GAGE 9 COMMON ACTIONS )\T ANY SELF-CONSCI\SNESS AB\T !IR SOCIAL 0ORIG9S0 OR 0BACKGR\ND40 

,! REVOLT HAD CREAT$ ! BEG9N+S ( ITS [N CLASSLESS1 NONHI]>*ICAL SOCIETY4 ,ITS PRIM>Y TASK WAS TO EXT5D ?IS QUALITATIVELY NEW REALM TO ! C\NTRY AT L>GE--TO EV]Y CORN] ( ,FR5* SOCIETY4 ,ITS HOPE LAY 9 ! EXT5SION ( SELF-MANAGEM5T 9 ALL ITS =MS--! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES & !IR ADM9I/RATIVE =MS1 ! ACTION COMMITTEES1 ! FACTORY /RIKE COMMITTEES--TO ALL >EAS ( ! ECONOMY1 9DE$ TO ALL >EAS ( LIFE ITSELF4 ,! MO/ ADVANC$ CONSCI\SNESS ( ?IS TASK SEEMS TO HAVE APPE>$ NOT SO MU* AMONG ! WORK]S 9 ! MORE TRADITIONAL 9DU/RIES1 :]E ! ,COMMUNI/-CONTROLL$ ,C,G,T EX]CISES GREAT P[]1 AS AMONG ?OSE 9 NEW]1 MORE TE*NICALLY ADVANC$ 9DU/RIES1 SU* AS ELECTRONICS4 7,LET ME EMPHASIZE ?AT ?IS IS A T5TATIVE CONCLUSION1 DRAWN FROM A NUMB] ( SCATT]$ BUT IMPRESSIVE EPISODES ?AT W]E RELAT$ TO ME BY Y\NG MILITANTS 9 ! /UD5T-WORK] ACTION COMMITTEES47 

,AU?ORITY & ,HI]>*Y 

,( P>AM\NT IMPORTANCE IS ! LI<T ?AT ! ,MAY-,JUNE REVOLT CA/ ON ! PROBLEM ( AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT IT *ALL5G$ NOT ONLY ! CONSCI\S PROCESSES ( 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT ALSO !IR MO/ IMPORTANT UNCONSCI\S1 SOCIALLY CONDITION$ HABITS4 7,IT DOES NOT HAVE TO BE >GU$ AT ANY GREAT L5G? ?AT ! HABITS ( AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y >E 9/ILL$ 9 ! 9DIVIDUAL AT ! V]Y \TSET ( LIFE 9 ! FAMILY MILIEU ( 9FANCY1 9 *ILDHOOD $UCATION0 AT HOME & 9 S*OOL1 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK1 0LEISURE0 & EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,?IS %AP+ ( ! *>ACT] /RUCTURE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL BY :AT SEEM LIKE 0>*ETYPAL0 NORMS ( OB$I5CE & COMM& CON/ITUTES ! V]Y ESS5CE ( :AT WE CALL ! 0SOCIALIZATION0 ( ! Y\NG47 

,! MY/IQUE ( BUREAUCRATIC 0ORGANIZATION10 ( IMPOS$1 =MALIZ$ HI]>*IES & /RUCTURES1 P]VADES ! MO/ RADICAL MOVEM5TS 9 
NONREVOLUTION>Y P]IODS4 ,! REM>KABLE SUSCEPTIBILITY ( ! LEFT TO AU?ORIT>IAN & HI]>*ICAL IMPULSES REVEALS ! DEEP ROOTS ( ! RADICAL MOVEM5T 9 ! V]Y SOCIETY IT PR(ESS$LY SEEKS TO OV]?R[4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 NE>LY EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION IS A POT5TIAL S\RCE ( C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,ONLY IF ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION IS SO 0/RUCTUR$0 ?AT ITS =MS REFLECT ! DIRECT1 DEC5TRALIZ$ =MS ( FRE$OM 9ITIAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION1 ONLY IF ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION FO/]S 9 ! REVOLUTIONI/ ! LIFE/YLES & P]SONALITIES ( FRE$OM1 CAN ?IS POT5TIAL = C\NT]REVOLUTION BE DIM9I%$4 ,ONLY !N IS IT POSSIBLE = ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T TO DISSOLVE 9TO ! REVOLUTION1 TO DISAPPE> 9TO ITS NEW1 DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC SOCIAL =MS LIKE SURGICAL ?READ 9TO A HEAL+ W\ND4 

,! ACT ( REVOLUTION RIPS AP>T ALL ! T5DONS ?AT HOLD AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y TOGE!R 9 ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,! DIRECT 5TRY ( ! PEOPLE 9TO ! SOCIAL >5A IS ! V]Y ESS5CE ( REVOLUTION4 ,REVOLUTION IS ! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( DIRECT ACTION4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 DIRECT ACTION 9 0NORMAL0 TIMES IS ! 9DISP5SABLE PREP>ATION = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,9 BO? CASES1 !RE IS A SUB/ITUTION ( SOCIAL ACTION FROM BEL[ = POLITICAL ACTION )9 ! E/ABLI%$1 HI]>*ICAL FRAMEWORK4 ,9 BO? CASES1 !RE >E MOLECUL> *ANGES ( 0MASSES10 CLASSES & SOCIAL /RATA 9TO REVOLUTION>Y 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS CONDITION MU/ BECOME1 P]MAN5T IF ! REVOLUTION IS TO BE SUCCESSFUL IF IT IS NOT TO BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A C\NT]REVOLUTION MASK$ BY REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY4 ,EV]Y =MULA1 EV]Y ORGANIZATION1 EV]Y 0TRI$-&-TE/$0 PROGRAM1 MU/ GIVE WAY TO ! DEM&S ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,!RE IS NO !ORY1 PROGRAM OR P>TY ?AT HAS GREAT] SIGNIFICANCE ?AN ! REVOLUTION ITSELF4 

,AMONG ! MO/ S]I\S OB/ACLES TO ! ,MAY-,JUNE UPRIS+ W]E NOT ONLY DE ,GAULLE & ! POLICE1 BUT ALSO ! H>D5$ ORGANIZATIONS ( ! LEFT--! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ?AT SUFFOCAT$ 9ITIATIVE 9 MANY FACTORIES & ! ,L59I/ & ,TROTSKYI/ GR\PS ?AT CREAT$ SU* A BAD ODOR 9 ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( ! ,SORBONNE4 ,I SPEAK H]E NOT ( ! MANY 9DIVIDUALS :O ROMANTICALLY ID5TIFI$ !MSELVES ) ,*E1 ,MAO1 ,L59 OR ,TROTSKY 7(T5 ) ALL F\R AT ONCE71 BUT ( ?OSE :O SURR5D]$ !IR 5TIRE ID5TITY1 9ITIATIVE & VOLITION TO TI<TLY DISCIPL9$1 HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,H[EV] WELL-9T5TION$ !SE PEOPLE MAY HAVE BE51 IT BECAME !IR TASK TO 0DISCIPL9E0 ! REVOLT1 MORE PRECISELY1 TO DE-REVOLUTIONIZE IT BY IMBU+ IT ) ! HABITS ( OB$I5CE & AU?ORITY ?AT !IR 
ORGANIZATIONS HAVE ASSIMILAT$ FROM ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,!SE HABITS1 FO/]$ BY P>TICIPATION 9 HI<LY /RUCTUR$ ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZATIONS MODEL$1 9 FACT1 ON ! V]Y SOCIETY ! 0REVOLUTION>IES0 PR(ESS TO OPPOSE-L$ TO P>LIAM5T>Y MANEUV]+1 SECRET CAUCUS+1 & ATTEMPTS TO 0CONTROL0 ! REVOLUTION>Y =MS ( FRE$OM CREAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION4 ,!Y PRODUC$ 9 ! ,SORBONNE ASSEMBLY A POISON\S VAPOR ( MANIPULATION4 ,MANY /UD5TS TO :OM ,I SPOKE W]E ABSOLUTELY CONV9C$ ?AT !SE GR\PS W]E PREP>$ TO DE/ROY ! ,SORBONNE ASSEMBLY IF !Y C\LD NOT 0CONTROL0 IT4 ,! GR\PS W]E CONC]N$ NOT ) ! VITALITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y =MS BUT ) ! GR[? ( !IR [N ORGANIZATIONS4 ,HAV+ CREAT$ AU!NTIC =MS ( FRE$OM 9 :I* EV]YONE C\LD FREELY EXPRESS HIS VIEWPO9T1 ! ASSEMBLY W\LD HAVE BE5 P]FECTLY JU/IFI$ TO HAVE BANN$ ALL BUREAUCRATICALLY ORGANIZ$ GR\PS FROM ITS MID/4 

,IT REMA9S TO ! LA/+ CR$IT ( ! ,M>* #b#bND ,MOVEM5T ?AT IT M]G$ 9TO ! REVOLUTION>Y ASSEMBLIES & VIRTUALLY DISAPPE>$ AS AN ORGANIZATION1 EXCEPT 9 NAME4 ,9 ITS [N ASSEMBLIES1 ,M>* #b#bND >RIV$ AT ALL ITS DECISIONS BY ! 0S5SE ( ! ASSEMBLY10 & IT P]MITT$ ALL T5D5CIES )9 ITS MID/ TO FREELY TE/ !IR VIEWS 9 PRACTICE4 ,SU* TOL]ANCE DID NOT IMPAIR ITS 0EFFECTIV5ESS02 ?IS AN>*IC MOVEM5T1 BY ! COMMON AGREEM5T ( NE>LY ALL OBS]V]S1 DID MORE TO CATALYZE ! REVOLT ?AN ANY O!R /UD5T GR\P4 ,:AT DI/+UI%ES ,M>* #b#bND & GR\PS SU* AS ! AN>*I/S & ,SITUATIONI/S FROM ALL O!RS IS ?AT !Y WORK$ NOT = ! 0SEIZURE ( P[]0 BUT = ITS DISSOLUTION4 

,! ,DIALECTIC ( ,MOD]N ,REVOLUTION 

,! ,FR5* EV5TS ( ,MAY & ,JUNE REVEAL1 VIVIDLY & DRAMATICALLY1 ! REM>KABLE DIALECTIC ( REVOLUTION4 ,! EV]YDAY MIS]Y ( A SOCIETY IS HI<LI<T$ BY ! POSSIBILITIES = ! REALIZATION ( DESIRE & FRE$OM4 ,! GREAT] !SE POSSIBILITIES1 ! MORE 9TOL]ABLE ! EV]YDAY MIS]Y4 ,= ?IS REASON1 IT MATT]S LITTLE ?AT ,FR5* SOCIETY HAS BECOME MORE AFFLU5T 9 REC5T YE>S ?AN AT ANY TIME 9 ITS HI/ORY4 ,AFFLU5CE 9 ITS HI<LY DI/ORT$ B\RGEOIS =M M]ELY 9DICATES ?AT ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS = FRE$OM HAVE DEVELOP$1 ?AT ! TE*NICAL POSSIBILITIES = A NEW1 LIB]AT$ LIFE >E OV]RIPE4 

,IT IS PLA91 N[1 ?AT !SE POSSIBILITIES HAVE HAUNT$ ,FR5* SOCIETY = A LONG TIME1 EV5 IF UNP]CEIV$ BY MO/ PEOPLE4 ,! 9S5SATE 
CONSUMPTION ( GOODS GRAPHS1 9 ITS [N W>P$ WAY1 ! T5SION BETWE5 ! %ABBY REALITY ( ,FR5* SOCIETY & ! LIB]ATORY POSSIBILITIES ( A REVOLUTION TODAY1 JU/ AS A S$AT+ DIET & EXTRAVAGANT OBESITY REVEAL ! T5SION 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL4 ,A TIME IS F9ALLY REA*$ :5 ! DIET ( GOODS BECOMES TA/ELESS1 :5 ! SOCIAL OBESITY BECOMES 9TOL]ABLE4 ,! BREAK+ PO9T IS UNPR$ICTABLE4 ,9 ! CASE ( ,FRANCE1 IT WAS ! B>RICADES ( ,MAY #a1 A DAY :I* %OOK ! CONSCI5CE ( ! 5TIRE C\NTRY & POS$ A QUE/ION TO ! WORK]S3 0,IF ! /UD5TS1 '?OSE *ILDR5 ( ! B\RGEOISIE'1 CAN DO IT1 :Y CAN'T WE80 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT A MOLECUL> PROCESS WAS GO+ ON 9 ,FRANCE1 COMPLETELY 9VISIBLE TO ! MO/ CONSCI\S REVOLUTION>IES1 A PROCESS ?AT ! B>RICADES PRECIPITAT$ 9TO REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,AFT] ,MAY #a1 ! T5SION BETWE5 ! M$IOCRITY ( EV]YDAY LIFE & ! POSSIBILITIES ( A LIB]ATORY SOCIETY EXPLOD$ 9TO ! MO/ MASSIVE G5]AL /RIKE 9 HI/ORY4 

,! SCOPE ( ! /RIKE %[S ?AT NE>LY ALL /RATA ( ,FR5* SOCIETY W]E PR(\NDLY DISAFFECT$ & ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS AN*OR$ NOT 9 A P>TICUL> CLASS BUT 9 EV]YONE :O FELT DISPOSSESS$1 D5I$1 & *EAT$ ( LIFE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y ?RU/ CAME FROM A /RATUM :I*1 MORE ?AN ANY O!R1 %\LD HAVE 0ACCOMMODAT$0 ITSELF TO ! EXI/+ ORD]--! Y\NG4 ,IT WAS ! Y\NG :O HAD BE5 N\RI%$ ON ! PAP ( ,GAULLI/ 0CIVILIZATION10 :O HAD NOT EXP]I5C$ ! CONTRA/S BETWE5 ! RELATIVELY ATTRACTIVE FEATURES ( ! PREW> CIVILIZATION & ! %ABB9ESS ( ! NEW ONE4 ,BUT ! PAP DIDN'T WORK4 ,ITS P[] TO CO-OPT & ABSORB1 9 FACT1 IS WEAK] ?AN WAS SUSPECT$ BY MO/ CRITICS ( ,FR5* SOCIETY4 ,! PAP-F$ SOCIETY C\LD NOT )/& ! DRIVE = LIFE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! Y\NG4 

,NO LESS IMPORTANT2 ! LIVES ( Y\NG PEOPLE 9 ,FRANCE1 AS 9 ,AM]ICA1 HAD NEV] BE5 BURD5$ BY ! ,DEPRESSION YE>S & ! QUE/ = MAT]IAL SECURITY ?AT %AP$ ! LIVES ( !IR ELD]S4 ,! PREVAIL+ REALITY ( ,FR5* LIFE WAS TAK5 BY ! Y\NG PEOPLE = :AT IT IS-%ABBY1 UGLY1 EGOTI/ICAL1 HYPOCRITICAL & SPIRITUALLY ANNIHILAT+4 ,?IS S+LE FACT--! REVOLT ( ! Y\NG IS ! MO/ DAMN+ EVID5CE ( ! SY/EM'S 9ABILITY TO PREVAIL ON ITS [N T]MS4 

,! TREM5D\S 9T]NAL DECAY ( ,GAULLI/ SOCIETY1 A DECAY LONG ANTE DAT+ ! REVOLT ITSELF1 TOOK =MS ?AT DO NOT FIT 9TO ANY ( ! TRADITIONAL1 ECONOMICALLY ORI5T$ =MULAS ( 0REVOLUTION40 ,MU* HAD BE5 WRITT5 AB\T 0CONSUM]ISM0 9 ,FR5* SOCIETY TO ! EFFECT ?AT IT WAS A POLLUT+ =M ( SOCIAL /ABILIZATION4 ,! FACT ?AT OBJECTS1 COMMODITIES1 
W]E REPLAC+ ! TRADITIONAL SUBJECTIVE LOYALTIES FO/]$ BY ! *UR*1 ! S*OOL1 ! MASS M$IA & ! FAMILY1 %\LD HAVE BE5 SE5 AS EVID5CE ( GREAT] SOCIAL DECOMPOSITION ?AN WAS SUSPECT$4 ,! FACT ?AT TRADITIONAL CLASS CONSCI\SNESS WAS DECL9+ 9 ! WORK+ CLASS %\LD HAVE BE5 EVID5CE ?AT CONDITIONS W]E MATUR+ = A MAJORITY SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 NOT A M9ORITY CLASS REVOLUTION4 ,! FACT ?AT 0LUMP50 VALUES 9 DRESS1 MUSIC1 >T & LIFE/YLE W]E SPREAD+ AMONG ,FR5* Y\? %\LD HAVE BE5 EVID5CE ?AT ! POT5TIAL = 0DISORD]0 & DIRECT ACTION WAS RIP5+ BEH9D ! FACADE ( CONV5TIONAL POLITICAL PROTE/4 

,BY A REM>KABLE TWI/ ( DIALECTIC IRONY1 A PROCESS ( 0DEB\RGEOISIFICATION0 WAS GO+ ON PRECISELY :5 ,FRANCE HAD ATTA9$ UNPREC5D5T$ HEI<TS ( MAT]IAL AFFLU5CE4 ,:ATEV] MAY HAVE BE5 ! P]SONAL POPUL>ITY ( DE ,GAULLE1 A PROCESS ( DE9/ITUTIONALIZATION WAS GO+ ON PRECISELY :5 /ATE CAPITALISM SEEM$ MORE 5TR5*$ 9 ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE ?AN AT ANY TIME 9 ! REC5T PA/4 ,! T5SION BETWE5 DRAB REALITY & ! LIB]ATORY POSSIBILITIES WAS 9CREAS+ PRECISELY :5 ,FR5* SOCIETY SEEM$ MORE QUIESC5T ?AN AT ANY TIME S9CE ! #a#i#bS4 ,A PROCESS ( ALI5ATION WAS GO+ ON PRECISELY :5 IT SEEM$ ?AT ! V]ITIES ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY W]E MORE SECURE ?AN AT ANY TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! REPUBLIC4 

,! PO9T IS ?AT ! ISSUES ?AT MAKE = SOCIAL UNRE/ HAD *ANG$ QUALITATIVELY4 ,! PROBLEMS ( SURVIVAL1 SC>CITY & R5UNCIATION HAD *ANG$ 9TO ?OSE ( LIFE1 ABUNDANCE & DESIRE4 ,! 0,FR5* DREAM10 LIKE ! 0,AM]ICAN DREAM0 WAS ]OD+ & BECOM+ DEMY/IFI$4 ,B\RGEOIS SOCIETY HAD GIV5 ALL IT C\LD GIVE ON ! ONLY T]MS IT WAS CAPABLE ( 0GIV+0 ANY?+--A PLE?ORA ( %ABBY MAT]IAL GOODS ACQUIR$ BY MEAN+LESS1 DEAD5+ WORK4 ,EXP]I5CE ITSELF 7NOT 0VANGU>D P>TIES0 & 0TRI$-&-TE/$ PROGRAMS07 BECAME ! MOBILIZ+ AG5T & S\RCE ( CREATIVITY = ! ,MAY-,JUNE UPRIS+4 ,& ?IS IS AS IT %\LD BE4 ,NOT ONLY IS IT NATURAL ?AT AN UPRIS+ BREAKS \T SPONTANE\SLY--A FEATURE ( ALL ! GREAT REVOLUTIONS 9 HI/ORY--BUT IT IS ALSO NATURAL ?AT IT UNFOLDS SPONTANE\SLY4 ,?IS H>DLY MEANS ?AT REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS /& MUTE BE=E ! EV5TS4 ,IF !Y HAVE IDEAS & SUGGE/IONS1 IT IS !IR RESPONSIBILITY TO PRES5T !M4 ,BUT TO USE ! SOCIAL =MS CREAT$ BY ! REVOLUTION = MANIPULATORY PURPOSES1 TO OP]ATE SECRETLY BEH9D ! BACK ( ! REVOLUTION1 TO DI/RU/ IT & TRY TO REPLACE IT BY ! 0GLORI\S P>TY10 IS WANTONLY CRIM9AL & UN=GIVABLE4 ,EI!R ! REVOLUTION 
EV5TUALLY ABSORBS ALL POLITICAL ORGANISMS1 OR ! POLITICAL ORGANISMS BECOME 5DS 9 !MSELVES--! 9EVITABLE S\RCES ( BUREAUCRACY1 HI]>*Y & HUMAN 5SLAVEM5T4 

,TO DIM9I% ! SPONTANEITY ( A REVOLUTION1 TO BREAK ! CONT9UUM BETWE5 SELF-MOBILIZATION & SELF-EMANCIPATION1 TO REMOVE ! SELF FROM ! PROCESS 9 ORD] TO M$IATE IT ) POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS & 9/ITUTIONS BORR[$ FROM ! PA/1 IS TO VITIATE ! REVOLUTION'S LIB]ATORY GOALS4 ,IF ! REVOLUTION DOES NOT />T FROM BEL[1 IF IT DOES NOT 5L>GE ! 0BASE0 ( SOCIETY UNTIL IT BECOMES ! SOCIETY ITSELF1 !N IT IS A M]E C\P D'ETAT4 ,IF IT DOES NOT PRODUCE A SOCIETY 9 :I* EA* 9DIVIDUAL CONTROLS HIS DAILY LIFE1 9/EAD ( DAILY LIFE CONTROLL+ EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 !N IT IS A C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,SOCIAL LIB]ATION CAN ONLY OCCUR IF IT IS SIMULTANE\SLY SELF-LIB]ATION--IF ! MASS0 MOVEM5T IS A SELF-ACTIVITY ?AT 9VOLVES ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( 9DIVIDUATION & SELF-AWAK5+4 

,9 ! MOLECUL> MOVEM5T BEL[ ?AT PREP>ES ! CONDITION = REVOLUTION1 9 ! SELF-MOBILIZATION ?AT C>RIES ! REVOLUTION =W>D1 9 ! JOY\S ATMOSPH]E ?AT CONSOLIDATES ! REVOLUTION--9 ALL ( !SE SUCCESSIVE /EPS1 WE HAVE A CONT9UUM ( 9DIVIDUATION1 A PROCESS 9 :I* P[] IS DISSOLV$1 AN EXPANSION ( P]SONAL EXP]I5CE & FRE$OM ALMO/ ES!TICALLY CONGRU5T ) ! POSSIBILITIES ( \R TIME4 ,TO SEE ?IS PROCESS & >TICULATE IT1 TO CATALYZE ! PROCESS & POSE ! NEXT PRACTICAL TASKS1 TO DEAL UNEQUIVOCALLY ) ! IDEOLOGICAL MOVEM5TS ?AT SEEK TO 0CONTROL0 ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS--!SE1 AS ! ,FR5* EV5TS HAVE %[N1 >E ! PRIM>Y RESPONSIBILITIES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y TODAY4 

,P>IS  

,JULY #aifh 

#b4 ,EXC]PTS FROM A ,LETT] 

,! ,MAK+ ( A ,REVOLUTION3  

,:AT ,HAPP5$444  

,:AT ,C\LD ,HAVE ,HAPP5$444 

,Y\ ASK H[ ! ,MAY-,JUNE REVOLT C\LD HAVE DEVELOP$ 9TO A SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL REVOLUTION4.<#b.> ,I %ALL TRY TO GIVE Y\ MY [N VIEWS AS CLE>LY AS POSSIBLE4 ,MY ANSW] APPLIES NOT ONLY TO ,FRANCE1 BUT TO ANY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD4 ,= :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,FRANCE C\LD BE REG>D$ AS A MODEL ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ANY ADVANC$ B\RGEOIS C\NTRY TODAY4 ,IT A/ONI%ES ME ?AT !RE IS SO LITTLE DISCUSSION AB\T ,FRANCE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS >E ! FIR/ REALLY CLE> ILLU/RATION ( H[ A REVOLUTION CAN UNFOLD 9 AN 9DU/RIALLY DEVELOP$ C\NTRY 9 ! PRES5T HI/ORICAL P]IOD1 & !Y %\LD BE /UDI$ ) ! GREATE/ C>E4 

,! G5]AL /RIKE1 LET ME PO9T \T1 OCCURR$ NOT ONLY BECAUSE ( ! WAGE GRIEVANCES ?AT W]E PIL+ UP 9 ,FRANCE1 BUT ALSO--& MA9LY1 9 MY OP9ION--BECAUSE ! PEOPLE W]E F$ UP4 ,9TUITIVELY1 UNCONSCI\SLY1 & (T5 QUITE CONSCI\SLY1 ! /RIK]S W]E DISGU/$ ) ! :OLE SY/EM1 & !Y %[$ IT 9 C\NTLESS WAYS4 ,A C>TOON PUBLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE AFT] ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS %[S A ,C,G,T (FICIAL ADDRESS+ ! /RIK]S3 0,:AT DO Y\ WANT80 HE %\TS4 0,BETT] PAY8 ,%ORT] H\RS8 ,LONG] VACATIONS80 ,EA* TIME ?IS ,/AL9I/ HACK ASKS ONE ( !SE QUE/IONS1 ! /RIK]S RESPOND ) SIL5CE4 ,F9ALLY1 ! ,C,G,T (FICIAL CRIES \T 9 ANG]2 0,TELL ME1 DAMN IT6 ,I AM Y\R REPRES5TATIVE60 ,& ! /RIK]S ANSW] ) A HUGE CRY4 0,WE WANT ! REVOLUTION60 

,TO A V]Y L>GE EXT5T1 ?IS RESPONSE IS ACCURATE4 ,! C>TOON EXPRESS$ A S5TIM5T :I* WAS /ILL V]Y DIFFUSE1 ( C\RSE1 BUT WAS NEV]!LESS QUITE REAL4 ,?AT IS :Y ! C>TOON WAS SO POPUL> 9 ,FRANCE :5 IT CAME \T4 IT EXPRESS$ :AT MANY WORK]S 7ESPECIALLY Y\NG WORK]S7 FELT 9 A VAGUE WAY--& P]HAPS NOT SO VAGUELY4 

,! /UD5T B>RICADES ( ,MAY #a PRECIPITAT$ ! G5]AL /RIKE1 ! L>GE/ G5]AL /RIKE 9 HI/ORY4 ,! WORK]S 7MA9LY ! Y\NG WORK]S7 SAID TO !MSELVES1 0IF ! /UD5TS CAN DO IT1 SO CAN WE40 ,& \T ( ! ,SUD-,AVIATION PLANT 9 ,NANTES1 A CITY ) ! /RONGE/ AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ T5D5CIES 9 ,FRANCE1 CAME ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,! /RIKE SWEPT 9TO ,P>IS & BR\<T \T ALMO/ EV]YBODY1 NOT ONLY 9DU/RIAL WORK]S4 ,9SURANCE 
EMPLOYES W5T \T1 AS WELL AS PO/AL WORK]S1 DEP>TM5T /ORE CL]KS1 PR(ESSIONALS1 TEA*]S1 SCI5TIFIC RESE>*]S4 ,YES1 EV5 ! FOOTBALL PLAY]S TOOK OV] ! BUILD+ ( !IR PR(ESSIONAL ASSOCIATION & PUT \T A BANN] ?AT PROCLAIM$1 0,FOOTBALL BELONGS TO ! PEOPLE60 ,IT WAS NOT ONLY A WORK]S' /RIKE2 IT WAS A PEOPLE'S /RIKE ?AT CUT ACROSS ALMO/ ALL CLASS L9ES4 ,Y\ MU/ UND]/& ?IS1 = IT IS A V]Y IMPORTANT FACT AB\T ! POSSIBILITIES ( \R TIME4 ,AT ,NANTES1 PEASANTS BR\<T !IR TRACTORS 9TO ! CITY TO HELP ! MOVEM5T & LONG%OREM5 EMPTI$ ! HOLDS ( ! %IPS TO FE$ ! /RIK]S4 ,! MO/ ADVANC$ DEM&S1 ,I %\LD EMPHASIZE1 W]E RAIS$ 9 ! NEW] 9DU/RIES--= EXAMPLE1 9 ! ELECTRONICS PLANTS4 ,9 ONE SU* PLANT1 A FIRM COMPOS$ L>GELY ( HI<LY SKILL$ TE*NICIANS1 ! EMPLOYES DECL>$ PUBLICLY1 0,WE HAVE EV]Y?+ WE WANT4 ,WE WON L>GE WAGE 9CREASES & LONG] VACATIONS 9 NEGOTIATIONS WE CONDUCT$ LA/ MON? .<,APRIL.>4 ,WE >E N[ /RIK+ = ONLY ONE DEM&3 WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY--& NOT ONLY 9 \R PLANT1 BUT = ALL ! PLANTS 9 ,FRANCE40 

,:AT AN A/ONI%+ DEVELOPM5T6 ,& ?IS DEM& WAS PRECISELY ! KEY TO ! :OLE SITUATION4 ,! WORK]S HAD OCCUPI$ ! PLANTS4 ,! ECONOMY WAS 9 !IR H&S4 ,:E!R ?IS SWEEP+ MOVEM5T W\LD BECOME A COMPLETE SOCIAL REVOLUTION DEP5D$ UPON ONE ?+-W\LD ! WORK]S NOT ONLY OCCUPY ! PLANTS1 BUT WORK !M8 ,?IS WAS ! B>RI] ?AT HAD TO BE SURM\NT$4 ,HAD ! WORK]S BEGUN TO WORK ! PLANTS UND] WORK]S' MANAGEM5T1 ! REVOLT W\LD HAVE ADVANC$ 9TO A FULL-SCALE SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,LET US N[ TRY TO IMAG9E :AT W\LD HAVE HAPP5$ IF ! WORK]S HAD ACTUALLY SURM\NT$ ?IS B>RI]4 ,EA* PLANT W\LD ELECT ITS [N FACTORY COMMITTEE FROM AMONG ITS [N WORK]S TO ADM9I/] ! PLANT4 7,H]E ! WORK]S C\LD HAVE C\NT$ ON A GREAT DEAL ( COOP]ATION FROM ! TE*NICAL /AFF1 MO/ ( :OM W\LD HAVE GONE OV] TO ! REVOLUTION47 ,I EMPHASIZE 0ADM9I/]0 BECAUSE POLICY W\LD BE MADE BY ! WORK]S 9 ! PLANT1 BY AN ASSEMBLY ( ! WORK]S ON ! FACTORY FLOOR4 ,! FACTORY COMMITTEE W\LD M]ELY EXECUTE & COORD9ATE !SE POLICIES4 ,H]E Y\ HAVE TRUE REVOLUTION>Y DEMOCRACY1 & 9 ! >5A ( PRODUCTION1 :]E ! MEANS ( LIFE >E MADE4 

,LET US GO FUR!R 7& :AT ,I %ALL DESCRIBE WAS ABSOLUTELY POSSIBLE74 ,! FACTORY COMMITTEES ( ALL ! LOCAL PLANTS C\LD N[ L9K TOGE!R TO =M AN >EA ADM9I/RATIVE C\NCIL1 :OSE FUNCTION W\LD BE TO DEAL ) 
:ATEV] SUPPLY PROBLEMS EXI/4 ,EA* MEMB] ( ?IS C\NCIL W\LD BE RIGOR\SLY CONTROLL$ BY ! WORK]S 9 ! PLANT FROM :I* HE OR %E CAME & W\LD BE FULLY ACC\NTABLE TO ! FACTORY ASSEMBLY4 ,! TASKS ( ! C\NCIL1 ,I MU/ EMPHASIZE1 W\LD BE 5TIRELY ADM9I/RATIVE2 MANY ( ITS TE*NICAL FUNCTIONS C\LD BE TAK5 OV] BY COMPUT]S1 & MEMB]%IP ON ! C\NCIL W\LD BE ROTAT$ AS (T5 AS POSSIBLE4 

,TOGE!R ) !SE 9DU/RIAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 !RE W\LD ALSO BE NEI<BORHOOD ORGANIZATIONS--ASSEMBLIES CORRESPOND+ TO ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION>Y SECTIONS ( #a#g#i#c1 AS WELL AS ACTION COMMITTEES TO P]=M ! ADM9I/RATIVE TASKS ( ! NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES4 ,!Y TOO W\LD =M AN ADM9I/RATIVE C\NCIL1 :I* W\LD WORK ) ! FACTORY COMMITTEE C\NCIL1 ! TWO MEET+ TOGE!R P]IODICALLY TO DEAL ) COMMON PROBLEMS4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS ( ! NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES--! NEW 0SECTIONS0--W\LD BE TO RECYCLE EMPLOYM5T FROM NONPRODUCTIVE >EAS ( ! ECONOMY 7SALES1 9SURANCE1 ADV]TIS+1 0GOV]NM5T10 & O!R SOCIALLY USELESS >EAS7 9TO PRODUCTIVE >EAS4 ,! GOAL H]E W\LD BE TO %ORT5 ! WORK WEEK AS RAPIDLY AS POSSIBLE4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 EV]YONE W\LD B5EFIT ALMO/ IMM$IATELY FROM ! NEW >RANGEM5T ( SOCIETY--BO? ! 9DU/RIAL WORK] &1 SAY1 ! EX-SALESMAN :OM ! WORK] TRA9S 9 ! FACTORY4 ,ALL W\LD GET ! MEANS ( LIFE = A FRACTION ( ! TIME !Y DEVOTE TO WORK UND] B\RGEOIS CONDITIONS4 ,! REVOLUTION W\LD ?US UND]CUT ! POSITION ( MANY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS :O1 FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL1 HAVE >GU$ ?AT ! OLD CONDITIONS ( LIFE W]E BETT] ?AN ! NEW4 

,:AT IS ESS5TIAL H]E IS NOT ! F9E DETAIL ( ?IS /RUCTURE1 :I* C\LD BE WORK$ \T 9 PRACTICE1 BUT ! DISSOLUTION ( P[] 9TO ! ASSEMBLIES1 BO? FACTORY & NEI<BORHOOD4 ,9 ! PA/1 V]Y LITTLE ATT5TION HAS BE5 GIV5 TO ! ROLE & IMPORTANCE ( UNM$IAT$ RELATIONS & POPUL> ASSEMBLIES4 ,SO /RONGLY WAS ! NOTION ( 0REPRES5TATION0 FIX$ 9 ! ?9K+ ( REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS & ! PEOPLE ?AT ! ASSEMBLIES1 :]E !Y EXI/$1 >OSE ALMO/ ACCID5TALLY4 ,AP>T FROM ! ,GREEK ECCLESIA1 !Y EM]G$1 9 MO/ CASES1 NOT AS A RESULT ( CONSCI\S DESIGN1 BUT RA!R ( =TUIT\S CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,ORD9>ILY1 ! V>I\S C\NCILS & COMMITTEES 9 E>LI] REVOLUTIONS W]E GIV5 5ORM\S P[]S 9 =MULAT+ POLICY2 ! DEM>CATION BETWE5 ADM9I/RATIVE WORK & POLICY DECISIONS WAS MURKY AT BE/1 OR SIMPLY NONEXI/5T4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! COMMITTEES & C\NCILS BECAME SOCIAL AG5CIES EX]CIS+ 5ORM\S 
POLITICAL P[]S OV] SOCIETY2 !Y BECAME A NASC5T /ATE APP>ATUS ?AT RAPIDLY ACQUIR$ CONTROL OV] SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,?IS CAN N[ BE AVOID$1 P>TLY BY MAK+ ALL COMMITTEES & C\NCILS DIRECTLY ANSW]ABLE TO ASSEMBLIES1 P>TLY BY US+ ! NEW TE*NOLOGY TO %ORT5 ! WORK WEEK RADICALLY1 !REBY FREE+ ! :OLE PEOPLE = ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY4 

,AT FIR/ ! V>I\S COMMITTEES1 C\NCILS & ASSEMBLIES W\LD USE ! EXI/+ ME*ANISM ( SUPPLY & DI/RIBUTION TO MEET ! MAT]IAL NE$S ( SOCIETY4 ,/EEL W\LD COME TO ,P>IS ! WAY IT ALWAYS HAS3 BY MEANS ( ! SAME ORD]+ ME?ODS & ! SAME RAILWAYS & TRUCKS1 PROBABLY OP]AT$ BY ! SAME 5G9E]S & TRUCK DRIV]S4 ,! PO/AL1 CABLE & TELEPHONE NETWORKS ?AT W]E US$ BE=E ! REVOLUTION TO REQUE/ MAT]IALS W\LD BE US$ AGA9 AFT] ! REVOLUTION4 ,F9ALLY1 F9I%$ GOODS W\LD BE DI/RIBUT$ BY ! SAME W>EH\SES & RETAIL \TLETS EXCEPT ?AT ! CA% REGI/]S W\LD BE REMOV$4 ,! PR9CIPAL FUNCTIONS ( ! NEW FACTORY COMMITTEE C\NCILS & NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS W\LD BE TO DEAL ) ANY BOTTL5ECKS & OB/RUCTIVE PRACTICES ?AT MI<T EM]GE & TO PROPOSE *ANGES ?AT W\LD LEAD TO A MORE RATIONAL USE ( EXI/+ RES\RCES4 

,CAPITALISM HAS ALREADY E/ABLI%$ ! PHYSICAL ME*ANISM ( CIRCULATION--( DI/RIBUTION & TRANSPORTATION ?AT IS NE$$ TO MA9TA9 SOCIETY )\T ANY /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,?IS PHYSICAL ME*ANISM ( CIRCULATION CAN BE VA/LY IMPROV$ UPON1 TO BE SURE1 BUT IT W\LD /ILL BE AS WORKABLE ! DAY AFT] ! REVOLUTION AS IT WAS ! DAY BE=E ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT NE$S NO POLICE1 JAILS1 >MIES OR C\RTS TO MA9TA9 IT4 ,! /ATE IS SUP]IMPOS$ ON ?IS TE*NICAL SY/EM ( DI/RIBUTION & ACTUALLY S]VES TO DI/ORT IT BY MA9TA9+ AN >TIFICIAL SY/EM ( SC>CITY4 7,?IS1 TODAY1 IS ! REAL MEAN+ ( ! 0SANCTITY ( PROP]TY407 

,I MU/ EMPHASIZE AGA9 ?AT S9CE WE >E CONC]N$ ) HUMAN NE$S1 NOT ) PR(IT1 A VA/ NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O >E NE$$ TO OP]ATE ! PR(IT SY/EM C\LD BE FRE$ FROM !IR IDIOTIC WORK4 ,SO C\LD MANY PEOPLE :O >E OCCUPI$ ) WORK+ = ! /ATE4 ,!SE PEOPLE C\LD JO9 !IR BRO!RS & SI/]S 9 PRODUCTIVE JOBS1 ?US DRA/ICALLY %ORT5+ EV]YONE'S WORK WEEK4 ,9 ?IS NEW SY/EM1 ! PRODUC]S & ! COMMUNITY C\LD JO9TLY MANAGE ! ECONOMY FROM BEL[1 COORD9AT+ !IR ADM9I/RATIVE OP]ATIONS ?R\< FACTORY COMMITTEES1 C\NCILS ( FACTORY COMMITTEE REPRES5TATIVES1 & NEI<BORHOOD ACTION COMMITTEES--ALL DIRECTLY ACC\NTABLE TO ! PLANT & NEI<BORHOOD 
ASSEMBLIES1 ALL RECALLABLE = !IR ACTIONS4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 SOCIETY TAKES DIRECT CONTROL ( ITS AFFAIRS4 ,! /ATE1 ITS BUREAUCRACY1 ITS >MIES1 POLICE1 JUDGES & JAILS1 CAN DISAPPE>4 

,Y\ MAY OBJECT ?AT ! OLD SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION IS /ILL C5TRALIZ$ /RUCTURALLY & BAS$ ON A NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,AGRE$2 Y\ >E P]FECTLY CORRECT4 ,BUT DOES ITS CONTROL HAVE TO BE C5TRALIZ$8 ,AS LONG AS POLICY IS MADE FROM BEL[ & EV]YONE :O EXECUTES ?AT POLICY IS CONTROLL$ LOCALLY1 ADM9I/RATION IS SOCIALLY DEC5TRALIZ$ AL?\< ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E /RUCTURALLY FAIRLY C5TRALIZ$ AS YET4 ,A COMPUT] US$ TO COORD9ATE ! OP]ATIONS ( A VA/ PLANT1 = EXAMPLE1 IS AN 9/RUM5T = /RUCTURAL C5TRALIZATION4 ,H[EV]1 IF ! PEOPLE :O PROGRAM & OP]ATE ! COMPUT] >E COMPLETELY ANSW]ABLE TO ! WORK]S 9 ! PLANT1 !IR OP]ATIONS >E SOCIALLY DEC5TRALIZ$4 

,TO PASS FROM A N>R[ ANALOGY TO ! BROAD] PROBLEMS ( ADM9I/RATION1 LET US SUPPOSE ?AT A BO>D ( HI<LY QUALIFI$ TE*NICIANS IS E/ABLI%$ TO PROPOSE *ANGES 9 ! /EEL 9DU/RY4 ,?IS BO>D1 WE MAY SUPPOSE1 ADVANCES PROPOSALS TO RATIONALIZE ! 9DU/RY BY CLOS+ SOME PLANTS & EXP&+ ! OP]ATIONS ( O!RS 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,IS ?IS A 0C5TRALIZ$0 BODY OR NOT8 ,! ANSW] IS BO? YES & NO4 ,YES1 ONLY 9 ! S5SE ?AT ! BO>D IS DEAL+ ) PROBLEMS ?AT CONC]N ! C\NTRY AS A :OLE2 NO1 BECAUSE IT CAN MAKE NO DECISIONS ?AT MU/ BE EXECUT$ = ! C\NTRY AS A :OLE4 ,! BO>D'S PLAN MU/ BE EXAM9$ BY ALL ! WORK]S 9 ! PLANTS ?AT >E TO BE CLOS$ D[N1 & ?OSE :OSE OP]ATIONS >E TO BE EXP&$4 ,! PLAN ITSELF MAY BE ACCEPT$1 MODIFI$1 OR SIMPLY REJECT$4 ,! BO>D HAS NO P[] TO 5=CE 0DECISIONS02 IT M]ELY (F]S RECOMM5DATIONS4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 ITS P]SONNEL >E CONTROLL$ BY ! PLANT 9 :I* !Y WORK & ! LOCALITY 9 :I* !Y LIVE4 

,SIMIL> BO>DS1 ,I MAY ADD1 C\LD BE E/ABLI%$ TO PLAN ! PHYSICAL DEC5TRALIZATION ( ! SOCIETY--BO>DS COMPOS$ ( ECOLOGI/S AS WELL AS TE*NOLOGI/S4 ,!Y C\LD DEVELOP PLANS = 5TIRELY NEW PATT]NS ( L& USE 9 DIFF]5T >EAS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,LIKE ! TE*NICIANS :O >E DEAL+ ) ! EXI/+ /EEL 9DU/RY1 !Y W\LD HAVE NO DECISION-MAK+ P[]S4 ,! ADOPTION1 MODIFICATION OR REJECTION ( !IR PLANS W\LD RE/ 5TIRELY ) ! COMMUNITIES 9VOLV$4 

,BUT ,I'VE ALREADY TRAVEL$ TOO MU* 9TO ! 0FUTURE40 ,LET US RETURN TO ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS ( #a#i#f#h4 ,:AT ( DE ,GAULLE1 ! G5]ALS1 ! >MY1 
! POLICE8 ,H]E WE COME TO ANO!R CRUCIAL PROBLEM ?AT FAC$ ! ,MAY ,JUNE REVOLT4 ,HAD ! >MAM5T WORK]S NOT M]ELY OCCUPI$ ! >MS FACTORIES BUT WORK$ !M TO >M ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE1 HAD ! RAILROAD WORK]S TRANSPORT$ !SE >MS TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE 9 ! CITIES1 T[NS & VILLAGES1 HAD ! ACTION COMMITTEES ORGANIZ$ >M$ MILITIAS--!N ! SITUATION 9 ,FRANCE W\LD HAVE *ANG$ DRA/ICALLY4 ,AN >M$ PEOPLE1 ORGANIZ$ 9TO MILITIAS BY ITS [N ACTION COMMITTEES 7& !RE >E PL5TY ( RES]VI/S AMONG ! Y\NG PEOPLE TO TRA9 !M71 W\LD HAVE CONFRONT$ ! /ATE4 ,MO/ ( ! MILITANTS ,I SPOKE TO DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! BULK ( ! >MY1 COMPOS$ OV]:ELM+LY ( CONSCRIPTS1 W\LD HAVE FIR$ ON ! PEOPLE4 ,IF ! PEOPLE W]E >M$1 EV]Y /REET C\LD HAVE BE5 TURN$ 9TO A BA/ION & EV]Y FACTORY 9TO A =TRESS4 ,:E!R DE ,GAULLE'S MO/ RELIABLE TROOPS W\LD HAVE M>*$ UPON !M 9 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES IS V]Y QUE/IONABLE4 ,ALAS1 ! SITUATION WAS NEV] BR\<T TO ?AT PO9T-! PO9T ?AT EV]Y REVOLUTION HAS TO RISK4 

,LET ME EMPHASIZE AGA9 ?AT ALL ,I HAVE SKET*$ \T = Y\ WAS P]FECTLY POSSIBLE4 ,I WRITE H]E ( A REALITY ?AT />T$ ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION >IES 9 ! FACE4 ,ALL ?AT WAS NECESS>Y WAS = ! WORK]S TO WORK ! FACTORIES & TURN !IR /RIKE COMMITTEES 9TO FACTORY COMMITTEES4 ,?IS DECISIVE /EP WAS NOT TAK52 H5CE ! PEOPLE W]E NOT >M$ & ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM ( PROP]TY RELATIONS WAS NOT %ATT]$4 ,! ,/AL9I/S %REWDLY DEFLECT$ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9TO POLITICAL L9ES BY CALL+ = A ,COMMUNI/-,SOCIALI/ COALITION CAB9ET4 ,?US ! /RUGGLE WAS *ANNEL$ 9TO AN ELECTION CAMPAIGN ON /RICTLY B\RGEOIS GR\NDS4 ,= !SE REASONS & O!RS1 ! REVOLT REC$$ & 9 SO DO+ PRODUC$ A 0BACKLA%0 FROM ! MASS ( PEOPLE :O W]E WAT*+ & WAIT+4 ,!SE PEOPLE MI<T HAVE BE5 WON TO ! REVOLUTION HAD IT SUCCE$$4 ,!Y SEEM$ TO BE /&+ BY & SAY+2 0,LET'S SEE :AT Y\ CAN DO40 ,ONCE ! REVOLT FAIL$1 H[EV]1 !Y VOT$ = DE ,GAULLE4 ,DE ,GAULLE AT LEA/ HAD REALITY2 ! REVOLUTION1 ON ! O!R H&1 BAD BE5 VAPORIZ$ BY FAILURE4 

,H[ DID ! ,MAOI/S & ,TROTSKYI/S1 ! 0VANGU>D0 ,BOL%EVIK P>TIES & GR\PUSCULES1 BEHAVE8 ,! ,MAOI/S OPPOS$ EV]Y DEM& = WORK]S' CONTROL4 7,SOME ( !M1 AFT] ! REVOLT REC$$1 BEGAN TO REVISE !IR VIEWS & >E N[ CALL$ 0AN>*O-,MAOI/S067 ,*AIRMAN ,MAO HAD OP9$ ?AT WORK]S' CONTROL IS AN>*O-SYNDICALISM-H5CE A 0PETTY B\RGEOIS DEVIATION40 ,! JOB ( ! WORK]S1 CRI$ ! ,MAOI/S1 WAS TO 0SEIZE /ATE P[]40 ,?US1 9 ! NAME ( 0,BOL%EVIK REALISM10 ! ONLY BASIS = A SOCIAL 
REVOLUTION--! OCCUPATION ( ! FACTORIES-WAS SUBORD9AT$ TO AB/RACT POLITICAL SLOGANS ?AT HAD NO REALITY 9 ! LIV+ SITUATION4 ,LET ME GIVE Y\ AN EXAMPLE3 M>*+ TO ! ,BILLANC\RT PLANT ( ,R5AULT1 ! ,MAOI/S C> RI$ A BIG BANN] :I* READ 0,VIVE ! ,C,G,T60--?IS AT A TIME :5 ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S W]E C>RY+ ON A BITT] /RUGGLE ) ! ,C,G,T & W]E TRY+ TO %$ ! BUREAUCRATIC APP>ATUS ) :I* ! LABOR F$]ATION HAD SADDL$ ! WORK]S4 ,:AT ! ,MAOI/S W]E SAY+ WAS 0PUT US 9 CONTROL ( ! ,C,G,T40 ,BUT :O ! HELL WANT$ !M8 

,! ,TROTSKYI/S8 ,:I* ONES--! ,F,]8 ,! ,J,C,R8 ,! O!R TWO OR ?REE SPLITS8 ,! ,F,] PLAY$ AN OV]TLY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ROLE AT ALMO/ EV]Y DECISIVE PO9T1 CONDEMN+ ALL ! /REET ACTIONS ?AT L$ TO ! G5]AL /RIKE AS 0ADV5TURI/IC40 ,! /UD5TS HAD !IR H&S FULL ) !M 9 ! /REET-FI<T+ BE=E ! ,SORBONNE1 :]E !Y TRI$ TO GET ! /UD5TS TO GO HOME1 & 9 ! B>RICADE FI<T+ ON ! NI<T ( ,MAY #a1 :5 !Y D5\NC$ ! /UD5TS AS 0ROMANTICS40 ,9/EAD ( JO9+ ! /UD5TS1 !Y HELD A 0MASS MEET+ AT ! ,MUTUALITE4 ,ALL ( ?IS DID NOT PREV5T ! ,F,] FROM POLITICK+ LIKE MAD 9 ! CORRIDORS & ASSEMBLY MEET+S ( ! ,SORBONNE-AFT] ! /UD5TS HAD SUCCE$$4 ,AS TO ! ,J,C,R1 MORE (T5 ?AN NOT !Y DRAGG$ !IR FEET & CREAT$ A GREAT DEAL ( CONFUSION 9 ! ,SORBONNE ASSEMBLY ) !IR POLITICK+4 ,T[>D ! 5D ( ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS1 !Y HELD BACK ! MOVEM5T & ACCOMMODAT$ !MSELVES TO ! NON-,/AL9I/ ELECTORAL LEFT4 

,:AT WAS 0MISS+0 9 ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS8 ,C]TA9LY NOT 0VANGU>D0 ,BOL%EVIK P>TIES4 ,! REVOLT WAS AFFLICT$ ) !SE P>TIES LIKE LICE4 ,:AT WAS NE$$ 9 ,FRANCE WAS AN AW>5ESS AMONG ! WORK]S ?AT ! FACTORIES HAD TO BE WORK$1 NOT M]ELY OCCUPI$ OR /RUCK4 ,OR TO PUT IT DIFF]5TLY1 :AT ! REVOLT LACK$ WAS A MOVEM5T ?AT C\LD DEVELOP ?IS CONSCI\SNESS 9 ! WORK]S4 ,SU* A MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE HAD TO BE AN>*IC1 SIMIL> EI!R TO ! ,M>* #b#bND ,MOVEM5T OR ! ACTION COMMITTEES ?AT TOOK OV] ,C5SI] & TRI$ TO HELP ! WORK]S1 NOT DOM9ATE !M4 ,HAD !SE MOVEM5TS DEVELOP$ BE=E ! REVOLT1 OR HAD ! REVOLT LA/$ LONG 5\< = !M TO DEVELOP AN IMPRESSIVE PROPAG&A & ACTION =CE1 EV5TS MI<T HAVE TAK5 A DIFF]5T TURN4 ,ANYWAY1 ! ,COMMUNI/S COMB9$ ) DE ,GAULLE TO DEFLECT ! REVOLT & F9ALLY DE/ROY IT4 

,9 MY OP9ION1 !SE >E ! REAL LESSONS ( ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS4 ,9 READ+ :AT ,I HAVE WRITT51 IT BECOMES V]Y CLE> :Y ,M>XI/-,L59I/S 
9 ,AM]ICA DEVOTE LITTLE DISCUSSION TO ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE3 ! EV5TS1 EV5 ! MEMORY ( !M1 *ALL5GE ALL !IR T5ETS1 PROGRAMS1 & /RATEGIES4 

,P>IS ,JULY  

#aifh 

.<#a.> ,! NEW BUILD+ ( ! ,SORBONNE ,FACULTY ( ,LETT]S4 

.<#b.> ,?IS IS AN EXC]PT FROM A LETT] WRITT5 %ORTLY AFT] ! ,MAY-,JUNE EV5TS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,! ,MAY-,JUNE ,EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,MAY-,JUNE ,EV5TS 9 ,FRANCE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/