,*APT] #a 
,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,AN>*ISM & ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,WRITT5 & FIR/ PUBLI%$3 #a#i#f4 
,S\RCE3 ,! ,MASS ,/RIKE1 ! ,POLITICAL ,P>TY & ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS BY ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG4 
,PUBLI%]3 ,M>XI/ ,$UCATIONAL ,SOCIETY ( ,DETROIT1 #a#i#b#e4 
,TRANSLAT$3 ,PATRICK ,LAV94 
,ONL9E ,V]SION3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,9T]NET ,>*IVE 7M>XI/S4ORG7 #a#i#i#i4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,A4 ,LEHR]4 

,ALMO/ ALL WORKS & PRON\NCEM5TS ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM ON ! SUBJECT ( ! MASS /RIKE DATE FROM ! TIME BE=E ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION .<( #a#i#e.>1 ! FIR/ HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE ON A V]Y L>GE SCALE ) ! MEANS ( /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS !RE=E EVID5T ?AT !Y >E1 = ! MO/ P>T1 \T-(-DATE4 ,!IR /&PO9T IS ESS5TIALLY ?AT ( ,5GELS :O 9 #ahgc WROTE AS FOLL[S 9 HIS CRITICISM ( ! REVOLUTION>Y BLUND]+ ( ! ,BAKUN9I/S 9 ,SPA93 

0,! G5]AL /RIKE1 9 ! ,BAKUN9I/S' PROGRAM1 IS ! LEV] :I* WILL BE US$ = 9TRODUC+ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,ONE F9E MORN+ ALL ! WORK]S 9 EV]Y 9DU/RY 9 A C\NTRY1 OR P]HAPS 9 EV]Y C\NTRY1 WILL CEASE WORK1 & !REBY COMPEL ! RUL+ CLASS EI!R TO SUBMIT 9 AB\T F\R WEEKS1 OR TO LAUN* AN ATTACK ON ! WORK]S SO ?AT ! LATT] WILL HAVE ! RI<T TO DEF5D !MSELVES1 & MAY USE ! OPPORTUNITY TO OV]?R[ ! OLD SOCIETY4 ,! PROPOSAL IS BY NO MEANS NEW3 ,FR5* & ,BELGIAN SOCIALI/S HAVE P>AD$ IT CONT9UALLY S9CE #a#h#d#h1 BUT = ALL ?AT IS ( ,5GLI% ORIG94 ,DUR+ ! RAPID & P[]FUL DEVELOPM5T ( ,*>TISM AMONG ! ,5GLI% WORK]S ?AT FOLL[$ ! CRISIS ( #a#h#c#g1 ! 'HOLY MON?' - A SUSP5SION ( WORK ON A NATIONAL SCALE - WAS PREA*$ AS E>LY AS #a#h#c#i1 & WAS RECEIV$ ) SU* FAVOR ?AT 9 ,JULY #ahdb ! FACTORY WORK]S ( ! NOR? ( ,5GL& ATTEMPT$ TO C>RY IT \T4 ,& AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,ALLIANCI/S AT ,G5EVA ON ,SEPTEMB] #a1 #a#h#g#c1 ! G5]AL /RIKE PLAY$ A GREAT P>T1 BUT IT WAS ADMITT$ ON ALL SIDES TO C>RY IT \T IT WAS NECESS>Y TO HAVE A P]FECT ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+-CLASS & A FULL W> *E/4 ,& ?AT IS ! CRUX ( ! QUE/ION4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ! GOV]NM5TS1 ESPECIALLY IF !Y >E 5C\RAG$ BY ! WORK]S' AB/5TION FROM POLITICAL ACTION1 WILL NEV] ALL[ ! FUNDS ( ! WORK]S TO BECOME L>GE 5\<1 & ON ! O!R H&1 POLITICAL EV5TS & ! 5CROA*M5TS ( ! RUL+ CLASS WILL BR+ AB\T ! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S LONG BE=E ! PROLET>IAT GETS ! L5G? ( =M+ ?IS IDEAL ORGANIZATION & ?IS COLOSSAL RES]VE FUND4 ,BUT IF !Y HAD !SE1 !Y W\LD NOT NE$ TO MAKE USE ( ! R\NDAB\T WAY ( ! G5]AL /RIKE 9 ORD] TO ATTA9 !IR OBJECT40 

,H]E WE HAVE ! REASON+ ?AT WAS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ATTITUDE ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIAL DEMOCRACY T[>DS ! MASS /RIKE 9 ! FOLL[+ DECADES4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON ! AN>*I/ !ORY ( ! G5]AL /RIKE - ?AT IS1 ! !ORY ( ! G5]AL /RIKE AS A MEANS ( 9AUGURAT+ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 9 CONTRADI/9CTION TO ! DAILY POLITICAL /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+-CLASS - & EXHAU/S ITSELF 9 ! FOLL[+ SIMPLE DILEMMA3 EI!R ! PROLET>IAT AS A :OLE >E NOT YET 9 POSSESSION ( ! P[]FUL ORGANIZATION & F9ANCIAL RES\RCES REQUIR$1 9 :I* CASE !Y CANNOT C>RY ?R\< ! G5]AL /RIKE2 OR !Y >E ALREADY SUFFICI5TLY WELL ORGANIZ$1 9 :I* CASE !Y DO NOT NE$ ! G5]AL /RIKE4 ,?IS REASON+ IS SO SIMPLE & AT FIR/ GLANCE SO IRREFUTABLE ?AT1 = A QU>T] ( A C5TURY1 IT HAS R5D]$ EXCELL5T S]VICE TO ! MOD]N LABOR MOVEM5T AS A LOGICAL WEAPON AGA9/ ! AN>*I/ PHANTOM & AS A MEANS ( C>RY+ \T ! IDEA ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE TO ! WIDE/ CIRCLES ( ! WORK]S4 ,! 5ORM\S /RIDES TAK5 BY ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ALL CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES DUR+ ! LA/ TW5TY-FIVE YE>S >E ! MO/ CONV9C+ EVID5CE ( ! VALUE ( ! TACTICS ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 :I* W]E 9SI/$ UPON BY ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 OPPOSITION TO ,BAKUN9ISM2 & ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 9 ITS POSITION ( VANGU>D ( ! 5TIRE 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T IS NOT 9 ! LEA/ ! DIRECT PRODUCT ( ! CONSI/5T & 5]GETIC APPLICATION ( !SE TACTICS4 

,! .<#a#i#e.> ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS N[ EFFECT$ A RADICAL REVISION ( ! ABOVE PIECE ( REASON+4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE IT HAS A*IEV$ A GR&IOSE REALIZATION ( ! IDEA ( ! MASS /RIKE & - AS WE %ALL DISCUSS LAT] - HAS EV5 MATUR$ ! G5]AL /RIKE & !REBY OP5$ A NEW EPO* 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,IT DOES NOT1 ( C\RSE1 FOLL[ FROM ?IS ?AT ! TACTICS ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE RECOMM5D$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS W]E FALSE OR ?AT CRITICISM APPLI$ BY !M TO AN>*ISM WAS 9CORRECT4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS ! SAME TRA9 ( IDEAS1 ! SAME ME?OD1 ! ,5GELS-,M>XIAN TACTICS1 :I* LAY AT ! F\NDATION ( ! PREVI\S PRACTICE ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 :I* N[ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION >E PRODUC+ NEW FACTORS & NEW CONDITIONS 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 :I* IS ! FIR/ HI/ORICAL EXP]IM5T ON ! MODEL ( ! CLASS /RIKE1 NOT M]ELY DOES NOT AF=D A V9DICATION ( AN>*ISM1 BUT ACTUALLY MEANS ! HI/ORICAL LIQUIDATION ( AN>*ISM4 ,! SORRY EXI/5CE TO :I* ?IS M5TAL T5D5CY WAS CONDEMN$ 9 REC5T DECADES BY ! P[]FUL DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ,G]MANY MAY1 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 BE EXPLA9$ BY ! EXCLUSIVE DOM9ATION & LONG DURATION ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y P]IOD4 ,A T5D5CY PATT]N$ 5TIRELY UPON ! 0FIR/ BL[0 & 0DIRECT ACTION10 A T5D5CY 0REVOLUTION>Y0 9 ! MO/ NAK$ PIT*=K S5SE1 CAN ONLY TEMPOR>ILY LANGUI% 9 ! CALM ( P>LIAM5T>IAN DAY &1 ON A RETURN ( ! P]IOD ( DIRECT OP5 /RUGGLE1 CAN COME TO LIFE AGA9 & UNFOLD ITS 9H]5T /R5G?4 

,RUSSIA1 9 P>TICUL>1 APPE>$ TO HAVE BECOME ! EXP]IM5TAL FIELD = ! H]OIC DE$S ( AN>*ISM4 ,A C\NTRY 9 :I* ! PROLET>IAT HAD ABSOLUTELY NO POLITICAL RI<TS & EXTREMELY WEAK ORGANIZATIONS1 A MANY-COLOR$ COMPLEX ( V>I\S SECTIONS ( ! POPULATION1 A *AOS ( CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S1 A L[ /&>D ( $UCATION AMONG ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE1 EXTREME BRUTALITY 9 ! USE ( VIOL5CE ON ! P>T ( ! PREVAIL+ REGIME - ALL ?IS SEEM$ AS IF CREAT$ TO RAISE AN>*ISM TO A SUDD5 IF P]HAPS %ORT-LIV$ P[]4 ,& F9ALLY1 ,RUSSIA WAS ! HI/ORICAL BIR?PLACE ( AN>*ISM4 ,BUT ! FA!RL& ( ,BAKUN9 WAS TO BECOME ! BURIAL-PLACE ( HIS TEA*+S4 ,NOT ONLY DID & DO ! AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA NOT /& AT ! HEAD ( ! MASS /RIKE MOVEM5T2 NOT ONLY DOES ! :OLE POLITICAL LEAD]%IP ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION & ALSO ( ! MASS /RIKE LIE 9 ! H&S ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* >E BITT]LY OPPOS$ AS 0B\RGEOIS P>TIES0 BY ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S1 OR P>TLY 9 ! H&S ( SU* SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATIONS AS >E MORE OR LESS 9FLU5C$ BY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & MORE OR LESS APPROXIMATE TO IT - SU* AS ! T]RORI/ P>TY1 ! 0SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION>IES0 - BUT ! AN>*I/S SIMPLY DO NOT EXI/ AS A S]I\S POLITICAL T5D5CY 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,ONLY 9 A SMALL ,LI?UANIAN T[N ) P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT CONDITIONS - A CONFUS$ M$LEY ( DIFF]5T NATIONALITIES AMONG ! WORK]S1 AN EXTREMELY SCATT]$ CONDITION ( SMALL-SCALE 9DU/RY1 A V]Y SEV]ELY OPPRESS$ PROLET>IAT - 9 ,BIALY/OK1 !RE IS1 AMONG ! SEV5 OR EI<T DIFF]5T REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS A H&FUL ( HALF-GR[N 0AN>*I/S0 :O PROMOTE CONFUSION & BEWILD]M5T AMONG ! WORK]S TO ! BE/ ( !IR ABILITY2 & LA/LY 9 ,MOSC[1 & P]HAPS 9 TWO OR ?REE O!R T[NS1 A H&FUL ( PEOPLE ( ?IS KIDNEY MAKE !MSELVES NOTICEABLE4 

,BUT AP>T FROM !SE FEW 0REVOLUTION>Y0 GR\PS1 :AT IS ! ACTUAL ROLE ( AN>*ISM 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION8 ,IT HAS BECOME ! SIGN ( ! COMMON ?IEF & PLUND]]2 A L>GE PROPORTION ( ! 9NUM]ABLE !FTS & ACTS ( PLUND] ( PRIVATE P]SONS >E C>RI$ \T UND] ! NAME ( 0AN>*I/-COMMUNISM0 - ACTS :I* RISE UP LIKE A TR\BL$ WAVE AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION 9 EV]Y P]IOD ( DEPRESSION & 9 EV]Y P]IOD ( TEMPOR>Y DEF5SIVE4 ,AN>*ISM HAS BECOME 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 NOT ! !ORY ( ! /RUGGL+ PROLET>IAT1 BUT ! IDEOLOGICAL SIGNBO>D ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y LUMP5PROLET>IAT1 :O1 LIKE A S*OOL ( %>KS1 SW>M 9 ! WAKE ( ! BATTLE%IP ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,& !RE) ! HI/ORICAL C>E] ( AN>*ISM IS WELL-NI< 5D$4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! MASS /RIKE 9 ,RUSSIA HAS BE5 REALIZ$ NOT AS MEANS ( EVAD+ ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+-CLASS1 & ESPECIALLY ( P>LIAM5T>ISM1 NOT AS A MEANS ( JUMP+ SUDD5LY 9TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION BY MEANS ( A !ATRICAL C\P1 BUT AS A MEANS1 FIR/LY1 ( CREAT+ = ! PROLET>IAT ! CONDITIONS ( ! DAILY POLITICAL /RUGGLE & ESPECIALLY ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 :I* MASS /RIKES >E ! MO/ IMPORTANT WEAPON1 IS1 BY ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 & ABOVE ALL BY ! PROLET>IAT1 CONDUCT$ = ?OSE POLITICAL RI<TS & CONDITIONS :OSE NECESSITY & IMPORTANCE 9 ! /RUGGLE = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+-CLASS ,M>X & ,5GELS FIR/ PO9T$ \T1 & 9 OPPOSITION TO AN>*ISM F\<T = ) ALL !IR MI<T 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?US HAS HI/ORICAL DIALECTICS1 ! ROCK ON :I* ! :OLE TEA*+ ( ,M>XIAN SOCIALISM RE/S1 BR\<T IT AB\T ?AT TODAY AN>*ISM1 ) :I* ! IDEA ( ! MASS /RIKE IS 9DISSOLUBLY ASSOCIAT$1 HAS ITSELF COME TO BE OPPOS$ TO ! MASS /RIKE :I* WAS COMBAT$ AS ! OPPOSITE ( ! POLITICAL ACTIVITY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 APPE>S TODAY AS ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON ( ! /RUGGLE = POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,IF1 !RE=E1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION MAKES IMP]ATIVE A FUNDAM5TAL REVISION ( ! OLD /&PO9T ( ,M>XISM ON ! QUE/ION ( ! MASS /RIKE1 IT IS ONCE AGA9 ,M>XISM :OSE G5]AL ME?OD & PO9TS ( VIEW HAVE !REBY1 9 NEW =M1 C>RI$ (F ! PRIZE4 ,! ,MOOR'S BELOV$ CAN DIE ONLY BY ! H& ( ! ,MOOR4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

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