,! ,M>XISM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,K>L ,KORS* 

,TEXT 3 

,WRITT53 BY ,K>L ,KORS* 9 #a#i#b#d2 
,S\RCE3 ,M>XISM & ,PHILOSOPHY4 ,K>L ,KORS*1 TRANSLAT$ & ) AN ,9TRODUCTION BY ,F]D ,HALLIDAY1 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#g2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND5 = M>XI/S4ORG1 #b#d4 

,ON #bh ,SEPTEMB] #ahfd IT WAS DECID$ AT AN 9T]NATIONAL MEET+ ( WORK]S 9 ,LONDON TO F\ND ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,ON #be ,JULY #a#h#f#g1 ,K>L ,M>X WROTE ! PREFACE TO ! FIR/ $ITION ( ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL4 ,)9 ONE S+LE P]IOD ( HI/ORY1 9 ! #a#h#fS1 BO? ASPECTS ( ,M>XISM ATTA9$ !IR FULL REALIZATION3 ! NEW AUTONOM\S SCI5CE ( ! WORK+ CLASS ATTA9$ ITS DEVELOP$ !ORETICAL =M 9 LIT]ATURE AT ! SAME TIME AS ! NEW AUTONOM\S MOVEM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT A*IEV$ ITS PRACTICAL =M 9 HI/ORY4 ,! 'SIL5T FIGURE' ON ! PLAT=M ( ,/ ,M>T9'S ,HALL :O 'PRES5T$' ! ,G]MAN WORK] ,ECC>IUS TO ! F\ND+ CONF]5CE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 ALSO PRES5T$ ! 'REAL =CES' ( ! 9CIPI5T WORLD PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T ) !IR !ORETICAL EXPRESSION :I* HE HAD EVOLV$ AFT] 5ORM\S 9TELLECTUAL LABOR4 

,! EPO*-MAK+ EV5T ?AT 9ITIAT$ ?IS NEW /AGE 9 ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T WAS ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> ( #a#h#f#a-#e4 ,AFT] ! FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTIONS ( #a#h#d#h1 ALL ! ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES HAD UND]GONE A P]IOD ( UNP>ALLEL$ ECONOMIC PROSP]ITY :I* HAD S5T ! =CES ( REACTION 9TO A FR5ZI$ SPATE ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ORGIES4 ,! GREAT ECONOMIC CRISIS ( #aheg HAD PUT AN 5D TO ?IS1 & 7AS ,M>X EXPRESS$ IT7 HAD %[N ?AT ! APP>5T VICTORIES ( REACTION 9 ?IS P]IOD HAD BE5 M]ELY A MEANS ( 'PROVID+1 ! IDEAL CONDITIONS ( #ahdh ) ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( #a#h#e#g'4 ,! GREAT ,LONDON BUILD+ /RIKE FROM #ba ,JULY #ahei TO #f ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#f1 TOGE!R ) ! BIG SPR+ /RIKE ( #ahfa :I* CAME SOON AFT]W>DS1 HAD PULL$ EV5 ! LEA/ CLASS-CONSCI\S UNIONS 9TO ! /RUGGLE ( ! 'POLITICAL ECONOMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS' AGA9/ ! 'POLITICAL ECONOMY ( ! B\RGEOISIE'4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! EMPLOY]S ?REAT5$ TO BR+ 9 *EAP CONT95TAL LABOR DUR+ !SE /RUGGLES & !RE W]E 9 FACT ALREADY TRACES 9 SOME ,5GLI% 9DU/RIES ( 9CREAS$ COMPETITION FROM ,G]MAN WORK]S4 ,?IS WAS A PRACTICAL LESSON TO ,5GLI% WORK]S ( ! NE$ TO HAVE A UNIFI$ 9T]NATIONAL TRADE UNION MOVEM5T4 ,! ,EUROPEAN WORK+ CLASS WAS ALSO /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! DOME/IC & =EIGN POLICIES ( ,BONAP>TI/ SOCIAL IMP]IALISM 9 ,FRANCE1 BY ! LIB]ATION MOVEM5T 9 ,ITALY & BY ! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#h#f#a4 ,BUT IT WAS ! GREAT WORLD-HI/ORICAL EV5T ( A F\R-YE> ,CIVIL ,W> BETWE51 ! ,NOR!RN ,AM]ICAN /ATES & ! SLAVE-[N+ /ATES ( ! ,S\? :I* WAS ABLE TO PRODUCE ! GREAT UPSURGE 9 PROLET>IAN CLASS CONSCI\SNESS \T ( :I* !RE EM]G$ ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT'S FIR/ 9T]NATIONAL CLASS ORGANIZATION4 ,IT WAS ! ,CIVIL ,W> :I* COMB9$ ! 5ORM\S POLITICAL IMPORTANCE ( 'A NOBLE /RUGGLE = ! LIB]ATION ( AN 5SLAV$ RACE' ) A DEEP ECONOMIC EFFECT ON ! WORK+ & LIV+ CONDITIONS ( ! ,5GLI% & ,FR5* WORK+ CLASSES4 ,IT IS ONLY SUP]FICIALLY ?AT ! ,POLI% RIS+ ( #ahfc CAN BE SE5 AS ! OCCASION = ! F\ND+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#h#f#d4 ,! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT W]E F> MORE 9FLU5C$ BY ! PRACTICAL ECONOMIC FACT ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W>1 AS A RESULT ( :I* ,5GLI% IMPORTS ( COTTON FELL FROM #a#a#d4#f MILLION LBS 9 #ahf TO #c#i4#c MILLION LBS 9 #a#h#f#b4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT BY ,OCTOB] #a#h#f#b1 #f4#c P] C5T ( ! SP9DLES & #e #h P] C5T ( ! LOOMS 9 ! ,5GLI% TEXTILE C5T]S W]E IDLE1 & ! ,5GLI% & ,FR5* TEXTILE WORK]S W]E UND]GO+ MASS UNEMPLOYM5T & ILLNESS FROM HUNG] & MIS]Y4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ! ,5GLI% WORK+ CLASS1 UND] ! HEAVY PRESSURE ( !SE ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5TS1 ALSO WAG$ AN 5]GETIC & H]OIC RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! ,5GLI% GOV]NM5T'S 9CL9ATION TO 9T]V5E 9 ! ,CIVIL ,W> ON ! SIDE ( ! SLAVE-[N+ /ATES4 ,!SE PRACTICAL CONTRADICTIONS )9 !IR [N SITUATION & ACTIONS TAU<T !M ! FUNDAM5TALS ( ! 'POLITICAL ECONOMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS' :I* F\ND ITS ORGANIZATIONAL & !ORETICAL EXPRESSION 9 ! F\ND+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & 9 ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL4 ,M>X1 9 ! 9TRODUCTION TO ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 PO9T$ \T ! DECISIVE IMPORTANCE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> 9 UN%ACKL+ A REALLY 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T ?AT W\LD SWEEP ! :OLE ( ,EUROPE ALONG ) IT4 ',LET US NOT DECEIVE \RSELVES AB\T ?IS' HE W>NS ?OSE READ]S ( HIS WORK ON ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T :O MI<T BE 9CL9$ TO SEE 9 ,CAPITAL ONLY ! HI/ORY & !ORY ( CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION 9 ONE P>TICUL> C\NTRY3 ',AS 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE S\ND$ ! TOCS9 = ! ,EUROPEAN MIDDLE CLASS1 SO 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> HAS S\ND$ IT = ! ,EUROPEAN WORK+ CLASS4 ,9 ,5GL& ! PROGRESS ( SOCIAL DIS9TEGRATION IS PALPABLE4 ,:5 IT HAS REA*$ A C]TA9 PO9T1 IT MU/ HAVE AN EFFECT ON ! CONT95T4' 

,! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> ( #a#h#f#a-#e AS ! 'TOCS9' = ! ,EUROPEAN WORK+ CLASS6 ,9 ?IS EXPRESSION WE CAN SEE ! REVIV$ REVOLUTION>Y 5?USIASM ( ! #a#h#fS4 ,AT LA/1 AFT] FIFTE5 YE>S ( DEMORALIZATION & LACK ( P>TICIPATION BY ! MASSES1 ! REVIVAL ( ! WORK+ CLASS WAS VISIBLE ALL AT ONCE 9 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY & ,ITALY4 ,?IS WAS ALREADY CLE> FROM ! ,9AUGURAL ,ADDRESS ( #a#h#f#d1 :I* ,M>X WROTE AS ! ,PROGRAM ( ! NEW 9T]NATIONAL CLASS ORGANIZATION & :I* WAS UNANIM\SLY ADOPT$ ) GREAT 5?USIASM BY ! ,G5]AL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT CULM9ATES 9 ! PASSAGE /AT+ ?AT ! SEIZURE ( POLITICAL P[] IS ! MAJOR TASK :I* ! WORK+ CLASS N[ FACES & IS ! AIM ( ! NEWLY F\ND$ 9T]NATIONAL CLASS ORGANIZATION ( ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS !SIS IS CONCRETELY DEVELOP$ 9 ! DEM& ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ! DIFF]5T C\NTRIES MU/ ALSO PROVE ITS FRAT]NAL COOP]ATION BY PREV5T+ =EIGN POLICY FROM 'PLAY+ ON NATIONAL PREJUDICES & SQU&]+ ! PEOPLES' GOODS & BLOOD 9 PR$ATORY W>S'1 AS DID ,PALM]/ON'S POLICY T[>DS ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> & ! ,POLI% ,RIS+1 & ! POLICIES ( ,BONAP>TI/ ,FRANCE & ( ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE ! WORK+ CLASS %\LD 'MA/] ! MY/]IES ( 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS1 WAT* ! DIPLOMATIC ACTIONS ( !IR GOV]NM5TS & C\NT] !M1 IF NECESS>Y1 BY ALL ! MEANS AT !IR DISPOSAL4' 

,IT REMA9$ = ! ',M>XI/S' ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL1 = ,MESSRS ,KAUTSKY1 ,HILF]D+ & ,CO41 TO FALSIFY !SE EXPLICIT =MULATIONS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE & !ORY ( ! ,M>XISM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 & TO >GUE ?AT ,K>L ,M>X1 ! REVOLUTION>Y ( #a#h#d#h1 HAD MATUR$ TO MANHOOD 9 ! SUBSEQU5T FIFTY YE>S1 & HAD BE5 'CONV]T$' TO A POLITICAL '!ORY ( RELATIVITY' BAS$ ON RE=MS ')9 ! CAPITALI/ /ATE'4 ,ON ?IS BASIS !Y CONTRA/$ ! 'P]FECT$ & DEVELOP$' ,M>XISM ( ! #a#h#fS :I* WAS 'ALSO APPLICABLE TO NON-REVOLUTION>Y P]IODS' TO ! 'PRIMITIVE ,M>XISM ( !IR E>LY WORKS1 :I* ,M>X & ,5GELS PRODUC$ 9 ! P]IOD FROM !IR TW5TIES TO ! REVOLUTION ( #ahdh & ITS AFT]MA? 9 #a#h#d#i-#e1 7,KAUTSKY74 ,HILF]D+ ADDS ! DISCOV]Y ?AT ! PRES5T PRIME M9I/] ( ,5GL&1 ,MAC,DONALD1 HAS 'BE5 C>RY+ \T' ! =EIGN POLICY DEM&$ BY ! ,9AUGURAL ,ADDRESS = ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS 9 HIS 'HONORABLE PEACE POLICY' AIM$ AT 'UNIT+ ! MAJOR NATIONS'4 

,!SE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC AG5TS ( CAPITALISM'S W> & PO/W> POLICIES HAVE DISGRACEFULLY AB&ON$ ! TRUE !ORY & PRACTICE ( ,K>L ,M>X & ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,CONFRONT$ ) ?IS1 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL HAS BE=E IT ! TASK LAID D[N BY ,L59 ( FULFILL+ ,M>X'S LEGACY & TRANSLAT+ IT 9TO LIFE4 ,IT HAS UND]TAK5 ?IS HI/ORICAL TASK 9 A SITUATION :I*1 AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 REPRODUCES ALL ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC EFFECTS ?AT AN EV5T LIKE ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> ( #a#h#f#a-#e HAD ON ! ,EUROPEAN WORK+ CLASS4 ,!SE >E N[ BE+ FELT BY ! EXPLOIT$ CLASSES & OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE1 ,AM]ICA1 ,ASIA & ! :OLE WORLD ON A F> BROAD] SCALE & ) UNP>ALLEL$ 9T5SITY4 ,! TOCS9 ( WORLD REVOLUTION IS S\ND+ FROM ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,! ,M>XISM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,M>XISM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL -- ,UPDAT$4 

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