,! ,L59 ,LEG5D 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,KURASJE ,>*IVE2 
,WRITT53 BY ,PAUL ,MATTICK1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,9T]NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ,CORRESPOND5CE ,VOL4 #b1 NO4 #a1 ,DECEMB] #aice & REPR9T$ 9 ,WE/]N ,SOCIALI/ ,VOL4 #a#c4 NO4 III4 ,JANU>Y #a#i#d#f4 ,9 #ai< IT WAS 9CLUD$ 9 ,PAUL ,MATTICK ,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNISM ,M]L9 ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #ai< ,I,S,B,N3  #he #cf #bbb #g_/#i4 ,! E-V]SION ( ?IS TEXT WAS MADE BY ,KAVO% ,KAVO%G> = ,KURASJE2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c2 
,PRO($ & CORRECT$3 BY ,GE(F ,TRAU<1 ,JULY #b#e4 

,FUR!R CORRECT$ BY ,JONAS ,HOLMGR51 ,JULY #b#i4 

,! YELL[] & MORE LEA!RY ! SK9 ( ! MUMMIFI$ ,L59 
GR[S1 & ! HI<] ! /ATI/ICALLY DET]M9$ NUMB] ( VISITORS TO ! 
,L59 ,MAUSOLEUM CLIMBS1 ! LESS >E PEOPLE CONC]N$ AB\T ! REAL ,L59 & 
HIS HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,MORE & MORE MONUM5TS >E ]ECT$ TO HIS MEMORY1 
MORE & MORE MOTION PICTURES TURN$ \T 9 :I* HE IS ! C5TRAL FIGURE MORE 
& MORE BOOKS WRITT5 AB\T HIM1 & ! ,RUSSIAN CONFECTION]S MOLD 
SWEETMEATS 9 =MS :I* BE> HIS FEATURES4 ,& YET ! FAD$NESS ( ! 
FACES ON ! *OCOLATE ,L59'S IS MAT*$ BY ! UNCL>ITY & ! 
IMPROBABILITY ( ! /ORIES :I* >E TOLD AB\T HIM4 ,?\< ! ,L59 
,9/ITUTE 9 ,MOSC[ MAY PUBLI% HIS COLLECT$ WORKS1 !Y NO LONG] HAVE ANY 
MEAN+ BESIDE ! FANTA/IC LEG5DS :I* HAVE =M$ >\ND HIS NAME4 ,AS SOON 
AS PEOPLE BEGAN TO CONC]N !MSELVES ) ,L59'S COLL>-BUTTONS1 !Y 
ALSO CEAS$ TO BO!R AB\T HIS IDEAS4 ,EV]YONE !N FA%IONS HIS [N ,L591 
& IF NOT AFT] HIS [N IMAGE1 AT ANY RATE AFT] HIS [N DESIRES4 ,:AT ! 
,NAPOLEONIC LEG5D IS TO ,FRANCE & ! LEG5D ( ,FR$RICUS ,REX TO ,G]MANY1 ! 
,L59 LEG5D IS TO ! NEW ,RUSSIA4 ,JU/ AS PEOPLE ONCE ABSOLUTELY REFUS$ TO 
BELIEVE 9 ! DEA? ( ,NAPOLEON1 & JU/ AS !Y HOP$ = ! RESURRECTION 
( ,FR$RICUS ,REX1 SO 9 ,RUSSIA /ILL TODAY !RE >E PEASANTS TO :OM ! NEW 
'LITTLE FA!R ,CZ>' HAS NOT DI$ BUT CONT9UES TO 9DULGE HIS 
9SATIABLE APPETITE 9 DEM&+ FROM !M EV] FRE% TRIBUTE4 ,O!RS LI<T 
ET]NAL LAMPS UND] ! PICTURE ( ,L593 TO !M HE IS A SA9T1 A R$EEM] TO 
:OM ONE PRAYS = AID4 ,MILLIONS ( EYES />E AT MILLIONS ( !SE PICTURES1 
& SEE 9 ,L59 ! ,RUSSIAN ,MOSES1 ,/4 ,GEORGE1 ,ULYSSES1 ,H]CULES1 ,GOD OR 
,DEVIL4 ,! ,L59 CULT HAS BECOME A NEW RELIGION BE=E :I* EV5 ! A!I/IC 
COMMUNI/S GLADLY B5D ! KNEE3 IT MAKES LIFE EASI] 9 EV]Y RESPECT4 ,L59 
APPE>S TO !M AS ! FA!R ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 ! MAN :O MADE VICTORY 
POSSIBLE = ! REVOLUTION1 ! GREAT LEAD] )\T :OM !Y !MSELVES 
W\LD NOT EXI/4 ,BUT NOT ONLY 9 ,RUSSIA & NOT ONLY 9 POPUL> LEG5D1 BUT 
ALSO TO A L>GE P>T ( ! ,M>XI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 ! 
,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS BECOME A WORLD EV5T SO CLOSELY B\ND UP ) ! G5IUS 
( ,L59 ?AT ONE GETS ! IMPRESSION ?AT )\T HIM ?AT REVOLUTION & 
H5CE ALSO WORLD HI/ORY MI<T POSSIBLY HAVE TAK5 AN ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T 
C\RSE4 ,A TRULY OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 H[EV]1 WILL AT 
ONCE REVEAL ! UNT5ABILITY ( SU* AN IDEA4 

0,! ASS]TION ?AT HI/ORY IS MADE BY GREAT M5 IS FROM A !ORETICAL 
/&PO9T :OLLY UNF\ND$40 ,SU* >E ! WORDS 9 :I* ,L59 HIMSELF 
TURNS ON ! LEG5D :I* 9SI/S ON MAK+ HIM ALONE RESPONSIBLE = ! 
'SUCCESS' OR ! 'CRIME' ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE 
CONSID]$ ! WORLD W> DET]M9+ AS REG>DS ! DIRECT CAUSE ( ITS 
\TBREAK & = ! TIME ( ITS OCCURR5CE4 ,YES2 )\T ! W>1 HE SAYS1 
0! REVOLUTION W\LD POSSIBLY HAVE BE5 PO/PON$ = DECADES 
LONG]40 ,! IDEA ?AT ! \TBREAK & ! C\RSE ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
,REVOLUTION DEP5D$ 9 V]Y L>GE MEASURE ON ,L59 NECESS>ILY IMPLIES A 
COMPLETE ID5TIFICATION ( ! REVOLUTION ) ! TAK+ OV] ( P[] BY ! 
,BOL%EVIKS4 ,TROTSKY HAS MADE A REM>K TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! 5TIRE CR$IT = 
! SUCCESS ( ! ,OCTOB] UPRIS+ BELONGS TO ,L592 AGA9/ ! OPPOSITION ( 
ALMO/ ALL HIS P>TY FRI5DS1 ! RESOLUTION = 9SURRECTION WAS C>RI$ BY 
HIM ALONE4 ,BUT ! SEIZURE ( P[] BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT GIVE TO ! 
REVOLUTION ! SPIRIT ( ,L592 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ,L59 HAD SO COMPLETELY 
ADAPT$ HIMSELF TO ! NECESSITIES ( ! REVOLUTION ?AT PRACTICALLY HE 
FULFILL$ ! TASK ( ?AT CLASS :I* HE O/5SIBLY COMBAT$4 ,( C\RSE IT IS 
(T5 ASS]T$ ?AT ) ! TAK+ OV] ( /ATE P[] BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS ! 
ORIG9ALLY B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION WAS =?) CONV]T$ 9TO ! 
SOCIALI/-PROLET>IAN ONE4 ,BUT IS IT REALLY POSSIBLE = ANYONE S]I\SLY TO 
BELIEVE ?AT A S+LE POLITICAL ACT IS CAPABLE ( TAK+ ! PLACE ( A :OLE 
HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T2 ?AT SEV5 MON?S - FROM ,FEBRU>Y TO ,OCTOB] - SUFFIC$ 
TO =M ! ECONOMIC PRESUPPOSITIONS ( A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION 9 A C\NTRY 
:I* WAS JU/ 5GAG$ 9 GETT+ RID ( ITS FEUDAL & ABSOLUTI/IC FETT]S1 
9 ORD] TO GIVE FRE] PLAY TO ! =CES ( MOD]N CAPITALISM8 

,UP UNTIL ! ,REVOLUTION1 & 9 V]Y L>GE MEASURE EV5 YET TODAY1 ! 
DECISIVE ROLE 9 ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,RUSSIA WAS PLAY$ BY 
! AGR>IAN QUE/ION4 ,( ! #agd MILLION 9HABITANTS PRIOR TO ! W>1 ONLY #bd 
MILLION LIV$ 9 CITIES4 ,9 EA* ?\S& ( ! GA9FULLY EMPLOY$1 #gai W]E 
5GAG$ 9 AGRICULTURE4 ,9 SPITE ( !IR 5ORM\S ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE1 ! 
MAJORITY ( ! PEASANTS /ILL L$ A WRET*$ EXI/5CE4 ,! CAUSE ( !IR 
DEPLORABLE SITUATION WAS ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( SOIL4 ,/ATE1 NOBILITY & L>GE 
L&$ PROPRIETORS ASSUR$ TO !MSELVES ) ,ASIATIC BRUTALITY AN 
UNCONSCIONABLE EXPLOITATION ( ! POPULATION4 

,S9CE ! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM 7#a#h#f#a7 ! SC>CITY ( L& = ! PEASANT 
MASSES HAD CON/ANTLY BE5 ! QUE/ION >\ND :I* ALL O!RS REVOLV$ 9 
,RUSSIAN DOME/IC POLITICS4 ,IT =M$ ! MA9 OBJECT ( ALL RE=M 5DEAVORS1 
:I* SAW 9 IT ! DRIV+ P[] ( ! APPROA*+ REVOLUTION1 :I* HAD TO 
BE TURN$ ASIDE4 ,! F9ANCIAL POLICY ( ! CZ>I/ REGIME1 ) ITS EV] NEW 
LEVIES ( 9DIRECT TAXES1 WORS5$ ! SITUATION ( ! PEASANTS /ILL MORE4 
,! EXP5DITURES = ! >MY1 ! FLEET1 ! /ATE APP>ATUS ATTA9$ GIGANTIC 
PROPORTIONS2 ! GREAT] P>T ( ! ,/ATE BUDGET W5T = UNPRODUCTIVE 
PURPOSES1 :I* TOTALLY RU9$ ! ECONOMIC F\NDATION ( AGRICULTURE4 

',FRE$OM & ,L&' WAS ?US ! NECESS>Y REVOLUTION>Y DEM& 
( ! PEASANTS4 ,UND] ?IS WAT*WORD OCCURR$ A S]IES ( PEASANT UPRIS+S 
:I* SOON1 9 ! P]IOD FROM #aib TO #a#i#f1 ASSUM$ SIGNIFICANT SCOPE4 ,9 
COMB9ATION ) ! MASS /RIKE MOVEM5TS ( ! WORK]S TAK+ PLACE AT ! 
SAME TIME1 !Y PRODUC$ SU* A VIOL5T COMMOTION 9 ! HE>T ( ,CZ>ISM ?AT 
?AT P]IOD MAY 9 TRU? BE D5OT$ AS A 'DRESS REHE>SAL' = ! 
REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g4 ,! WAY 9 :I* ,CZ>ISM REACT$ TO !SE REBELLIONS IS 
BE/ ILLU/RAT$ BY ! EXPRESSION ( ! !N VICE-GOV]NOR ( ,TAMBIOVSK1 
,BOGDANOVIT*3 0,FEW >RE/$1 ! MORE %OT40 ,& ONE ( ! 
(FIC]S :O HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! 9SURRECTIONS WROTE3 
0,ALL >\ND US1 BLOOD%$2 EV]Y?+ GO+ UP 9 FLAMES2 WE %OOT1 
/RIKE D[N1 /AB40 ,IT WAS 9 ?IS SEA ( BLOOD & FLAMES ?AT ! 
REVOLUTION ( #aiag WAS BORN4 

,NOT)/&+ ! DEFEATS1 ! PRESSURE ( ! PEASANTS GREW MORE & MORE 
M5AC+4 ,IT LEAD TO ! ,/OLYP9 RE=MS1 :I*1 H[EV]1 W]E ONLY EMPTY 
GE/URES1 /OPP$ %ORT ) PROMISES & 9 REALITY BR\<T ! AGR>IAN 
QUE/ION NOT A S+LE /EP =W>D4 ,BUT ONCE ! LITTLE F+] HAS HAD TO BE 
EXT5D$1 !RE WILL SOON BE SNAT*+ = ! :OLE H&4 ,! FUR!R 
WORS5+ ( ! PEASANTS' SITUATION DUR+ ! W>1 ! DEFEAT ( ! 
CZ>I/ >MIES ON ! FRONTS1 ! GR[+ REVOLT 9 ! CITIES1 ! *AOTIC 
CZ>I/ POLICY 9 :I* ALL REASON WAS ?R[N OV]BO>D1 ! G5]AL DILEMMA 
RESULT+ TO ALL CLASSES ( SOCIETY1 L$ TO ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION1 :I* 
FIR/ ( ALL F9ALLY BR\<T AB\T ! VIOL5T SOLUTION ( ! AGR>IAN 
QUE/ION2 :I* HAD BE5 A BURN+ ONE DUR+ ! PA/ HALF C5TURY4 ,ITS 
POLITICAL *>ACT]1 H[EV]1 WAS NOT IMPRESS$ UPON ?IS REVOLUTION BY ! 
PEASANT MOVEM5T2 ?IS MOVEM5T M]ELY GAVE IT ITS GREAT P[]4 ,9 ! FIR/ 
ANN\NCEM5TS ( ! C5TRAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ( ! ,PET]SBURG 
WORK]S' & SOLDI]S' C\NCILS ! AGR>IAN QUE/ION WAS NOT EV5 
M5TION$4 ,BUT ! PEASANTS SOON =C$ !MSELVES UPON ! ATT5TION ( ! 
NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,TIR$ ( WAIT+ = IT TO TAKE ACTION 9 ! AGR>IAN 
QUE/ION1 9 ,APRIL & ,MAY ( #aiag ! DISAPPO9T$ PEASANT MASSES BEGAN TO 
APPROPRIATE ! L& = !MSELVES4 ,! SOLDI]S ON ! FRONTS1 FE>FUL ( 
FAIL+ TO GET !IR PROP] %>E 9 ! NEW DI/RIBUTION1 AB&ON$ ! 
TR5*ES & HURRI$ BACK TO !IR VILLAGES4 ,!Y TOOK !IR WEAPONS ) !M1 
H[EV]1 & ?US (F]$ ! NEW GOV]NM5T NO POSSIBILITY ( RE/RA9+ 
!M4 ,ALL ITS APPEALS TO ! S5TIM5T ( NATIONALITY & ! SACR$NESS ( 
,RUSSIAN 9T]E/S W]E ( NO AVAIL AGA9/ ! URGE ( ! MASSES TO PROVIDE AT 
LA/ = !IR [N ECONOMIC NE$S4 ,& ?OSE NE$S W]E EMBRAC$ 9 PEACE & 
L&4 ,IT WAS RELAT$ AT ! TIME ?AT PEASANTS :O W]E IMPLOR$ TO REMA9 ON 
! FRONT1 AS O!RWISE ! ,G]MANS W\LD OCCUPY ,MOSC[1 W]E QUITE PUZZL$ & 
ANSW]$ ! GOV]NM5T EMISS>IES3 0,& :AT'S ?AT TO US8 ,:Y1 
WE'RE FROM ! ,TAMB(F ,GOV]NM5T40 

,L59 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT 9V5T ! W9N+ SLOGAN ',L& TO 
! ,PEASANTS'2 RA!R1 !Y ACCEPT$ ! REAL PEASANT REVOLUTION GO+ ON 
9DEP5D5TLY ( !M4 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! VACILLAT+ ATTITUDE ( ! 
,K]5SKY REGIME1 :I* /ILL HOP$ TO BE ABLE TO SETTLE ! AGR>IAN QUE/ION 
BY WAY ( PEACEFUL DISCUSSION2 ! ,BOL%EVIKS WON ! GOODWILL ( ! PEASANTS 
& W]E ?US 5ABL$ TO DRIVE ! ,K]5SKY GOV]NM5T \T & TAKE OV] ! 
P[] !MSELVES4 ,BUT ?IS WAS POSSIBLE = !M ONLY AS AG5TS ( ! 
PEASANTS' WILL1 BY SANCTION+ !IR APPROPRIATION ( L&1 & IT WAS 
ONLY ?R\< !IR SUPPORT ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E ABLE TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES 
9 P[]4 

,! SLOGAN ',L& TO ! ,PEASANTS' HAS NO?+ TO DO ) 
COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES4 ,! CUTT+ UP ( ! L>GE E/ATES 9TO A GREAT NUMB] 
( SMALL 9DEP5D5T F>M+ 5T]PRISES WAS A MEASURE DIRECTLY OPPOS$ TO 
SOCIALISM1 & :I* C\LD BE JU/IFI$ ONLY ON ! GR\ND ( TACTICAL 
NECESSITY4 ,! SUBSEQU5T *ANGES 9 ! PEASANT POLICY ( ,L59 & ! 
,BOL%EVIKS W]E P[]LESS TO EFFECT ANY *ANGE 9 ! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CES ( 
?IS ORIG9AL OPPORTUNI/IC POLICY4 ,9 SPITE ( ALL ! COLLECTIVIZ+1 :I* 
UP TO N[ IS L>GELY LIMIT$ TO ! TE*NICAL SIDE ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS1 
,RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE IS /ILL TODAY BASICALLY DET]M9$ BY PRIVATE ECONOMIC 
9T]E/S & MOTIVES4 ,& ?IS 9VOLVES ! IMPOSSIBILITY1 9 ! 9DU/RIAL 
FIELD AS WELL1 ( >RIV+ AT MORE ?AN A /ATE-CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,EV5 ?\< 
?IS /ATE CAPITALISM AIMS AT TRANS=M+ ! F>M+ POPULATION COMPLETELY 
9TO EXPLOITABLE AGRICULTURAL WAGE WORK]S1 ?IS GOAL IS NOT AT ALL LIKELY TO 
BE ATTA9$ 9 VIEW ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y 5C\NT]S B\ND UP ) SU* A 
V5TURE4 ,! PRES5T COLLECTIVIZ+ CANNOT BE REG>D$ AS ! FULFILLM5T ( 
SOCIALISM4 ,?IS BECOMES CLE> :5 ONE CONSID]S ?AT OBS]V]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
SC5E SU* AS ,MAURICE ,H9DUS HOLD IT POSSIBLE ?AT 0EV5 IF ! ,SOVIETS 
W]E TO COLLAPSE1 ,RUSSIAN AGRICULTURE W\LD REMA9 COLLECTIVIZ$1 ) CONTROL 
MORE P]HAPS 9 ! H&S ( ! PEASANTS ?AN ( ! GOV]NM5T40 
,H[EV]1 EV5 IF ! ,BOL%EVIK AGRICULTURAL POLICY W]E TO LEAD TO ! DESIR$ 
5D1 EV5 A /ATE CAPITALISM EXT5D+ TO ALL BRAN*ES ( NATIONAL ECONOMY1 ! 
SITUATION ( ! WORK]S W\LD /ILL REMA9 UN*ANG$4 ,NOR C\LD SU* A 
CONSUMMATION BE REG>D$ AS A TRANSITION TO REAL SOCIALISM1 S9CE ?OSE 
ELEM5TS ( ! POPULATION N[ PRIVILEG$ BY ! /ATE CAPITALISM W\LD DEF5D 
!IR PRIVILEGES AGA9/ ALL *ANGES 9 EXACTLY ! SAME WAY AS DID ! PRIVATE 
[N]S PREVI\SLY AT ! TIME ( ! #aiag REVOLUTION4 

,! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S /ILL =M$ A V]Y SMALL M9ORITY ( ! POPULATION1 
& W]E ACCORD+LY UNABLE TO IMPRESS UPON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION A *>ACT] 
9 KEEP+ ) !IR [N NE$S4 ,! B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS :I* LIKEWISE W]E 
COMBAT+ ,CZ>ISM SOON RECOIL$ BE=E ! NATURE ( !IR [N TASKS4 ,!Y 
C\LD NOT ACC$E TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SOLUTION ( ! AGR>IAN QUE/ION1 S9CE 
A G5]AL EXPROPRIATION ( L& MI<T ALL TOO EASILY BR+ 9 ITS TRA9 ! 
EXPROPRIATION ( 9DU/RY4 ,NEI!R ! PEASANTS NOR ! WORK]S FOLL[$ !M1 
& ! FATE ( ! B\RGEOISIE WAS DECID$ BY ! TEMPOR>Y ALLIANCE BETWE5 
!SE LATT] GR\PS4 ,IT WAS NOT ! B\RGEOISIE BUT ! WORK]S :O BR\<T ! 
B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION TO ITS CONCLUSION2 ! PLACE ( ! CAPITALI/S WAS TAK5 
OV] BY ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE APP>ATUS UND] ! ,L59I/ SLOGAN3 ',IF 
CAPITALISM ANYH[1 !N LET'S MAKE IT4' ,( C\RSE ! WORK]S 9 
! CITIES HAD OV]?R[N CAPITALISM1 BUT ONLY 9 ORD] N[ TO CONV]T ! 
,BOL%EVIK P>TY APP>ATUS 9TO !IR NEW MA/]S4 ,9 ! 9DU/RIAL CITIES ! 
WORK]S' /RUGGLE W5T ON UND] SOCIALI/ DEM&S1 SEEM+LY 9DEP5D5T 
( ! PEASANT REVOLUTION UND] WAY AT ! SAME TIME & YET 9 A DECISIVE 
S5SE DET]M9$ BY ?IS LATT]4 ,! ORIG9AL REVOLUTION>Y DEM&S ( ! 
WORK]S W]E OBJECTIVELY 9CAPABLE ( BE+ C>RI$ ?R\<4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! 
WORK]S W]E ABLE1 ) ! AID ( ! PEASANTS1 TO W9 ! /ATE P[] = 
!IR P>TY1 BUT ?IS NEW ,/ATE SOON TOOK A POSITION DIRECTLY OPPOS$ TO ! 
WORK]S' 9T]E/S4 ,AN OPPOSITION :I* EV5 TODAY HAS ASSUM$ =MS 
:I* ACTUALLY MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK ( A ',R$ ,CZ>ISM'3 
SUPPRESSION ( /RIKES1 DEPORTATIONS1 MASS EXECUTIONS1 & H5CE ALSO ! 
COM+ TO LIFE ( NEW ILLEGAL ORGANIZATIONS :I* >E CONDUCT+ A COMMUNI/ 
REVOLT AGA9/ ! PRES5T BOGUS SOCIALISM4 ,! TALK JU/ N[ AB\T AN 
EXT5SION ( DEMOCRACY 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! ?\<T ( 9TRODUC+ A SORT ( 
P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 ! RESOLUTION AT ! LA/ SOVIET CONGRESS AB\T 
DISMANTL+ ! DICTATOR%IP1 ALL ?IS IS M]ELY A TACTICAL MANEUV] DESIGN$ 
TO COMP5SATE = ! GOV]NM5T'S LATE/ ACTS ( VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! 
OPPOSITION4 ,!SE PROMISES >E NOT TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY1 BUT >E AN \TGR[? 
( ! ,L59I/ PRACTICE1 :I* WAS ALWAYS WELL CALCULAT$ TO WORK BO? WAYS AT 
! SAME TIME 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ITS [N /ABILITY & SECURITY4 ,! ZIGZAG 
C\RSE ( ! ,L59I/ POLICY SPR+S FROM ! NECESSITY ( CON=M+ 
CON/ANTLY TO ! %IFT+S ( CLASS =CES 9 ,RUSSIA 9 SU* MANN] ?AT ! 
GOV]NM5T MAY ALWAYS REMA9 MA/] ( ! SITUATION4 ,& SO !RE IS ACCEPT$ 
TODAY :AT WAS REJECT$ ! DAY BE=E1 OR VICE V]SA2 UNPR9CIPL$NESS HAS 
BE5 ELEVAT$ 9TO A PR9CIPLE1 & ! ,L59I/ P>TY IS CONC]N$ ) ONLY 
ONE ?+1 NAMELY1 ! EX]CISE ( /ATE P[] AT ANY PRICE4 

,AT ?IS PLACE1 H[EV]1 WE >E 9T]E/$ ONLY 9 MAK+ CLE> ?AT ! 
,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS NOT DEP5D5T ON ,L59 OR ON ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BUT ?AT 
! DECISIVE ELEM5T 9 IT WAS ! REVOLT ( ! PEASANTS4 ,&1 = ?AT 
MATT]1 ,Z9OVIEV1 /ILL 9 P[] AT ! TIME & ON ,L59'S SIDE1 HAD 
/AT$ AS LATE AS ! #a#a? ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY ,CONGRESS 7,M>*-,APRIL #a#i#b#a73 
0,IT WAS NOT ! PROLET>IAN VANGU>D ON \R SIDE1 BUT ! COM+ OV] TO 
US ( ! >MY1 BECAUSE WE DEM&$ PEACE1 :I* WAS ! DECISIVE FACTOR 9 \R 
VICTORY4 ,! >MY1 H[EV] CONSI/$ ( PEASANTS4 ,IF WE HAD NOT BE5 SUPPORT$ 
BY ! MILLIONS ( PEASANT SOLDI]S1 \R VICTORY OV] ! B\RGEOISIE W\LD 
HAVE BE5 \T ( ! QUE/ION40 ,! GREAT 9T]E/ ( ! PEASANTS 9 ! 
MATT] ( L&1 ! SLI<T 9T]E/ ) REF]5CE TO ! QUE/ION ( 
GOV]NM5T1 5ABL$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO CONDUCT A VICTORI\S /RUGGLE = ! 
GOV]NM5T4 ,! PEASANTS W]E QUITE WILL+ TO LEAVE ! ,KREML9 TO ! 
,BOL%EVIKS1 PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y !MSELVES W]E NOT 9T]F]$ ) 9 
!IR [N /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! L>GE E/ATE [N]S4 

,BUT EV5 9 ! CITIES1 ,L59 WAS NOT ! DECISIVE FACTOR 9 ! CONFLICTS 
BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 HE WAS HELPLESSLY DRAWN ALONG 9 
! WAKE ( ! WORK]S1 :O 9 !IR DEM&S & ACTUAL MEASURES W5T F> 
BEYOND ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,IT WAS NOT ,L59 :O CONDUCT$ ! REVOLUTION1 BUT ! 
REVOLUTION CONDUCT$ HIM4 ,?\< AS LATE AS ! ,OCTOB] UPRIS+ ,L59 
RE/RICT$ HIS E>LI] & MORE ?OR\<-GO+ DEM&S TO ?AT ( CONTROL ( 
PRODUCTION1 & WI%$ TO /OP %ORT ) ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! BANKS & 
TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES1 )\T ! G5]AL ABOLITION ( PRIVATE [N]%IP1 
! WORK]S PAID NO FUR!R ATT5TION TO HIS VIEWS & EXPROPRIAT$ ALL 
5T]PRISES4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ TO RECALL ?AT ! FIR/ DECREE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK 
GOV]NM5T WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! WILD1 UNAU?ORIZ$ EXPROPRIATIONS ( 
FACTORIES ?R\< ! WORK]S' C\NCILS4 ,BUT !SE SOVIETS W]E /ILL 
/RONG] ?AN ! P>TY APP>ATUS1 & !Y COMPELL$ ,L59 TO ISSUE ! DECREE 
= ! NATIONALIZATION ( ALL 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES4 ,IT WAS ONLY UND] ! 
PRESSURE BR\<T TO BE> BY ! WORK]S ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS CONS5T$ TO ?IS 
*ANGE 9 !IR [N PLANS4 ,GRADUALLY1 ?R\< ! EXT5SION ( /ATE P[]1 ! 
9FLU5CE ( ! SOVIETS BECAME WEAK5$1 UNTIL TODAY !Y NO LONG] S]VE MORE 
?AN DECORATIVE PURPOSES4 

,DUR+ ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! REVOLUTION1 UP TO ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! ,NEW 
,ECONOMIC ,POLICY 7#a#i#b#a71 !RE WAS ACTUALLY ( C\RSE SOME EXP]IM5TATION 9 
,RUSSIA 9 ! COMMUNI/ S5SE4 ,?IS IS NOT1 H[EV]1 TO BE SET D[N TO ! 
ACC\NT ( ,L591 BUT ( ?OSE =CES :I* MADE ( HIM A POLITICAL *AMELEON 
:O AT ONE TIME ASSUM$ A REACTION>Y & AT ANO!R A REVOLUTION>Y COLOR4 
,NEW PEASANT UPRIS+S AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS FIR/ DRIVE ,L59 TO A MORE 
RADICAL POLICY1 A /RONG] EMPHASIS UPON ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S & ! 
POOR PEASANTS :O HAD COME (F %ORT-H&$ 9 CONNECTION ) ! FIR/ 
DI/RIBUTION ( L&4 ,BUT !N ?IS POLICY PROVES A FAILURE1 S9CE ! POOR 
PEASANTS :OSE 9T]E/S >E ?US PREF]R$ REFUSE TO SUPPORT ! ,BOL%EVIKS 
& ,L59 'TURNS ! FACE AGA9 TO ! MIDDLE PEASANTS'4 ,9 SU* A 
CASE ,L59 HAS NO SCRUPLES AB\T /R5G!N+ ! PRIVATE-CAPITALI/ ELEM5TS 
ANEW1 & ! E>LI] ALLIES1 :O HAVE N[ GR[N UNCOM=TABLE1 >E %OT D[N 
) CANNON1 AS WAS ! CASE 9 ,KRON/ADT4 

,! P[]1 & NO?+ BUT ! P[]3 IT IS TO ?IS ?AT ! :OLE POLITICAL 
WISDOM ( ,L59 F9ALLY R$UCES4 ,! FACT ?AT ! PA?S ALONG :I* IT IS 
ATTA9$1 ! MEANS :I* LEAD TO IT1 DET]M9E 9 !IR TURN ! MANN] 9 
:I* ?AT P[] IS APPLI$1 WAS A MATT] ) :I* HE HAD V]Y LITTLE 
CONC]N4 ,SOCIALISM1 TO HIM1 WAS 9 ! LA/ 9/ANCE M]ELY A K9D ( 
/ATE-CAPITALISM1 AFT] ! 0MODEL ( ! ,G]MAN PO/AL S]VICE40 
,& ?IS /ATE CAPITALISM HE OV]TOOK ON HIS WAY1 = 9 FACT !RE WAS NO?+ 
ELSE TO BE OV]TAK54 ,IT WAS M]ELY A QUE/ION ( :O WAS TO BE ! B5EFICI>Y 
( ! /ATE CAPITALISM1 & H]E ,L59 GAVE PREC$5CE TO NONE4 ,& SO ,GEORGE 
,B]N>D ,%AW1 RETURN+ FROM ,RUSSIA1 WAS QUITE CORRECT :51 9 A LECTURE 
BE=E ! ,FABIAN ,SOCIETY 9 ,LONDON1 HE /AT$ ?AT 0! ,RUSSIAN 
COMMUNISM IS NO?+ MORE ?AN ! PUTT+ 9TO PRACTICE ( ! ,FABIAN 
PROGRAM :I* WE HAVE BE5 PREA*+ ! LA/ =TY YE>S40 

,NO ONE1 H[EV]1 HAS YET SUSPECT$ ! ,FABIANS ( CONTA9+ A 
WORLD-REVOLUTION>Y =CE4 ,& ,L59 IS ( C\RSE FIR/ ( ALL ACCLAIM$ AS A 
WORLD REVOLUTION>Y1 NOT)/&+ ! FACT ?AT ! PRES5T ,RUSSIAN 
GOV]NM5T BY :I* HIS 'E/ATE' IS ADM9I/]$ ISSUES EMPHATIC 
D5IAL :5 ! PRESS PUBLI%ES REPORTS ( ,RUSSIAN TOA/S TO ! WORLD 
REVOLUTION4 ,! LEG5D ( ! WORLD-REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFICANCE ( ,L59 
RECEIVES ITS N\RI%M5T FROM HIS CONSI/5T 9T]NATIONAL POSITION DUR+ ! 
WORLD W>4 ,IT WAS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE = ,L59 AT ?AT TIME TO CONCEIVE ?AT A 
,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE NO FUR!R REP]CUSSIONS & BE AB&ON$ TO 
ITSELF4 ,!RE W]E TWO REASONS = ?IS VIEW3 FIR/1 BECAUSE SU* A ?\<T WAS 
9 CONTRADICTION ) ! OBJECTIVE SITUATION RESULT+ FROM ! WORLD W>2 & 
SECONDLY1 HE ASSUM$ ?AT ! ONSLAU<T ( ! IMP]IALI/ NATIONS AGA9/ ! 
,BOL%EVIKS W\LD BREAK ! BACK ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IF ! PROLET>IAT ( 
,WE/]N ,EUROPE FAIL$ TO COME ! RESCUE4 ,L59'S CALL = ! WORLD 
REVOLUTION WAS PRIM>ILY A CALL = SUPPORT & MA9T5ANCE ( ,BOL%EVIK P[]4 
,! PRO( ?AT IT WAS NOT MU* MORE ?AN ?IS IS FURNI%$ BY HIS 9CON/ANCY 
9 ?IS QUE/ION3 9 ADDITION TO MAK+ HIS DEM&S = WORLD REVOLUTION1 HE AT 
! SAME TIME CAME \T = ! 'RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( ALL 
OPPRESS$ PEOPLES'1 = !IR NATIONAL LIB]ATION4 ,YET ?IS D\BLE-5TRY 
BOOKKEEP+ SPRANG LIKEWISE FROM ! ,JACOB9ICAL NE$ ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO HOLD 
ON TO P[]4 ,) BO? SLOGANS ! =CES ( 9T]V5TION ( ! CAPITALI/ 
C\NTRIES 9 ,RUSSIAN AFFAIRS W]E WEAK5$1 S9CE !IR ATT5TION WAS ?US 
DIV]T$ TO !IR [N T]RITORIES & COLONIES4 ,?AT MEANT A RESPITE = ! 
,BOL%EVIKS4 ,9 ORD] TO MAKE IT AS LONG AS POSSIBLE1 ,L59 E/ABLI%$ HIS 
,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT SET = ITSELF A D\BLE TASK3 ON ! ONE H&1 TO SUBORD9ATE 
! WORK]S ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA TO ! WILL ( ,MOSC[2 ON ! O!R1 
TO /R5G!N ! 9FLU5CE ( ,MOSC[ UPON ! PEOPLES ( ,EA/]N ,ASIA4 ,WORK ON 
! 9T]NATIONAL FIELD WAS MODEL$ AFT] ! C\RSE ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
,REVOLUTION4 ,! GOAL WAS ?AT ( COMB9+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S & 
PEASANTS ON A WORLDWIDE SCALE & CONTROL ( !M ?R\< ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BY 
MEANS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 ?IS WAY AT LEA/ ! ,BOL%EVI/ /ATE 
P[] 9 ,RUSSIA RECEIV$ SUPPORT2 & 9 CASE ! WORLD REVOLUTION %\LD 
REALLY SPREAD1 ! P[] OV] ! WORLD WAS TO BE WON4 ,?\< ! FIR/ DESIGN 
WAS ATT5D$ ) SUCCESS1 AT ! SAME TIME ! SECOND WAS NOT ACCOMPLI%$4 
,! WORLD REVOLUTION WAS UNABLE TO MAKE HEADWAY AS AN 5L>G$ IMITATION ( ! 
,RUSSIAN1 & ! NATIONAL LIMITATIONS ( ! VICTORY 9 ,RUSSIA NECESS>ILY MADE 
( ! ,BOL%EVIKS A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CE ON ! 9T]NATIONAL PLANE4 
,H5CE ALSO ! DEM& = ! 'WORLD REVOLUTION' WAS CONV]T$ 9TO 
! '!ORY ( ! BUILD+ ( SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY'4 ,& ?IS 
IS NOT A P]V]SION ( ! ,L59I/ /&PO9T - AS ,TROTSKY1 = EXAMPLE1 
ASS]TS TODAY - BUT ! DIRECT CONSEQU5CE ( ! PSEUDO WORLD-REVOLUTION>Y 
POLICY PURSU$ BY ,L59 HIMSELF4 

,IT WAS CLE> AT ?AT TIME1 EV5 TO MANY ,BOL%EVIKS1 ?AT ! RE/RICTION ( 
! REVOLUTION TO ,RUSSIA W\LD MAKE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ITSELF A FACTOR 
BY :I* ! WORLD REVOLUTION W\LD HE IMP$$4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 ,EUG5E ,V>GA 
WROTE 9 HIS BOOK ',ECONOMIC ,PROBLEMS ( ! ,PROLET>IAN 
,DICTATOR%IP'1 PUBLI%$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7#a#i#b#a73 
0,! DANG] EXI/S ?AT ,RUSSIA MAY BE CUT \T AS ! MOTIVE P[] ( ! 
9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION444 ,!RE >E ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,RUSSIA :O HAVE GR[N TIR$ 
( WAIT+ = ! ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTION & WI% TO MAKE ! BE/ ( !IR 
NATIONAL ISOLATION444 ,) A ,RUSSIA :I* W\LD REG>D ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( 
! O!R C\NTRIES AS A MATT] ) :I* IT HAD NO CONC]N1 ! CAPITALI/ 
C\NTRIES W\LD AT ANY RATE BE ABLE TO LIVE 9 PEACEFUL NEI<BORL9ESS4 ,I AM 
F> FROM BELIEV+ ?AT SU* A BOTTL+ UP ( REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA W\LD BE 
ABLE TO /OP ! PROGRESS ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ?AT PROGRESS W\LD BE 
SL[$ D[N40 ,& ) ! %>P5+ DOME/IC CRISES 9 ,RUSSIA >\ND 
?AT TIME1 IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E ALMO/ ALL COMMUNI/S1 9CLUD+ ,V>GA 
HIMSELF1 HAD ! FEEL+ ( :I* ,V>GA H]E COMPLA9S4 ,9 FACT1 /ILL E>LI]1 
EV5 9 #a#i#b1 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY TOOK PA9S TO /EM ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES ( 
,EUROPE4 ,PEACE ?R\<\T ! WORLD WAS REQUIR$ 9 ORD] TO ASSURE ! BUILD+ 
( /ATE CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,IT WAS 
9ADVISABLE TO HAVE ?IS PEACE DI/URB$ EI!R BY WAY ( W> OR NEW 
REVOLUTIONS1 = 9 EI!R CASE A C\NTRY LIKE ,RUSSIA WAS SURE TO BE DRAWN 94 
,ACCORD+LY1 ,L59 IMPOS$1 ?R\< SPLITT+ & 9TRIGUE1 A NEO-RE=MI/ 
C\RSE UPON ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 A C\RSE :I* L$ TO ITS 
TOTAL DISSOLUTION4 ,IT WAS ) %>P WORDS 9DE$ ?AT ,TROTSKY1 ) ! 
APPROVAL ( ,L591 TURN$ ON ! UPRIS+ 9 ,C5TRAL ,G]MANY 7#a#i#b#a73 0,WE 
MU/ FLATLY SAY TO ! ,G]MAN WORK]S ?AT WE REG>D ?IS PHILOSOPHY ( ! 
(F5SIVE AS ! GREATE/ DANG] & 9 ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATION AS ! 
GREATE/ POLITICAL CRIME40 ,& 9 ANO!R REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 9 
#a#i#b#c1 ,TROTSKY DECL>$ TO ! CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,MAN*E/] ,GU>DIAN1 AGA9 
) ! APPROVAL ( ,L593 0,WE >E ( C\RSE 9T]E/$ 9 ! VICTORY 
( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 BUT IT IS NOT AT ALL TO \R 9T]E/ TO HAVE ! 
REVOLUTION BREAK \T 9 A ,EUROPE :I* IS BL$ & EXHAU/$ & TO HAVE ! 
PROLET>IAT RECEIVE FROM ! H&S ( ! B\RGEOISIE NO?+ BUT RU9S4 ,WE >E 
9T]E/$ 9 ! MA9T5ANCE ( PEACE40 ,& T5 YE>S LAT]1 :5 ,HITL] 
SEIZ$ P[]1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL DID NOT MOVE A F+] TO PREV5T HIM4 
,TROTSKY IS NOT ONLY 9 ]ROR1 BUT REVEALS A FAILURE ( MEMORY RESULT+ NO 
D\BT FROM ! LOSS ( HIS UNI=M1 :5 TODAY HE *>ACT]IZES ,/AL9'S 
FAILURE TO HELP ! ,G]MAN COMMUNI/S AS A BETRAYAL ( ! PR9CIPLES ( 
,L59ISM4 ,?IS BETRAYAL WAS CON/ANTLY PRACTIC$ BY ,L591 & BY ,TROTSKY 
HIMSELF4 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO A DICTUM ( ,TROTSKY'S1 ! IMPORTANT ?+ IS 
( C\RSE NOT :AT IS DONE1 BUT :O DOES IT4 

,/AL9 IS1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! BE/ DISCIPLE ( ,L591 9 SO F> AS 
CONC]NS HIS ATTITUDE TO ,G]MAN FASCISM4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE ALSO ( C\RSE NOT 
REFRA9$ FROM 5T]+ 9TO ALLIANCES ) ,TURKEY & L5D+ POLITICAL & 
ECONOMIC SUPPORT TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ?AT C\NTRY EV5 AT A TIME :5 ! 
%>PE/ MEASURES W]E BE+ TAK5 !RE AGA9/ ! COMMUNI/S - MEASURES 
:I* FREQU5TLY ECLIPS$ EV5 ! ACTIONS ( A ,HITL]4 

,9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 9 SO F> AS IT 
CONT9UES TO FUNCTION IS M]ELY AN AG5CY = ! ,RUSSIAN T\RI/ TRADE1 9 
VIEW ( ! COLLAPSE 9 ALL C\NTRIES ( ! COMMUNI/ MOVEM5TS CONTROLL$ 
FROM ,MOSC[1 ! LEG5D ( ,L59 ! WORLD-REVOLUTIONI/1 IS NO D\BT 
SUFFICI5TLY WEAK5$ ?AT ONE MAY C\NT ON ITS DISAPPE>ANCE 9 ! NE> 
FUTURE4 ,& ( C\RSE EV5 TODAY ! HANG]S-ON ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 
>E NO LONG] OP]AT+ ) ! CONCEPT ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION1 BUT SPEAK ( 
! ',WORK]S ,FA!RL&' FROM :I* !Y DRAW !IR 5?USIASM SO 
LONG AS !Y >E NOT =C$ TO LIVE 9 IT AS WORK]S4 ,?OSE :O CONT9UE TO 
ACCLAIM ,L59 AS ! WORLD REVOLUTION>Y P> EXCELL5CE >E AS A MATT] 
( FACT GETT+ EXCIT$ AB\T NO?+ MORE ?AN ,L59'S POLITICAL DREAMS 
( WORLDWIDE P[]1 DREAMS :I* FAD$ TO NO?+NESS 9 ! LI<T ( DAY4 

,! CONTRADICTION EXI/+ BETWE5 ! REAL HI/ORICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ,L59 
& ?AT :I* IS G5]ALLY ASCRIB$ TO HIM IS GREAT] & AT ! SAME TIME 
MORE 9SCRUTABLE ?AN 9 ! CASE ( ANY O!R P]SONAGE ACT+ ON MOD]N 
HI/ORY4 ,WE HAVE %[N ?AT HE CAN NOT BE MADE RESPONSIBLE = ! SUCCESS ( 
! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & ALSO ?AT HIS !ORY & PRACTICE CAN NOT1 AS IS SO 
(T5 DONE1 BE APPRAIS$ AS ( WORLD-REVOLUTION>Y IMPORTANCE4 ,NEI!R1 9 
SPITE ( ALL ASS]TIONS TO ! CONTR>Y1 CAN HE BE REG>D$ AS HAV+ EXT5D$ 
OR SUPPLEM5T$ ,M>XISM4 ,9 ! WORK ( ,?OMAS ,B4 ,BRAMELD 5TITL$ ',A 
,PHILOSOPHICAL ,APPROA* TO ,COMMUNISM'1 REC5TLY PUBLI%$ BY ! 
,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO1 COMMUNISM IS /ILL DEF9$ AS 0A SYN!SIS ( ! 
DOCTR9ES ( ,M>X1 ,5GELS & ,L5940 ,IT IS NOT ONLY 9 ?IS BOOK1 BUT 
ALSO G5]ALLY1 & QUITE P>TICUL>LY 9 ! P>TY-COMMUNI/ PRESS1 ?AT ,L59 
IS PLAC$ 9 SU* A RELATION TO ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,/AL9 HAS D5OT$ ,L59ISM AS 
',M>XISM 9 ! P]IOD ( IMP]IALISM'4 ,SU* A POSITION1 H[EV]1 
D]IVES ITS ONLY JU/IFICATION FROM AN UNF\ND$ OV]E/IMATION ( ,L594 ,L59 
HAS NOT ADD$ TO ,M>XISM A S+LE ELEM5T :I* C\LD BE RAT$ AS NEW & 
9DEP5D5T4 ,L59'S PHILOSOPHICAL \TLOOK IS DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM AS 
DEVELOP$ BY ,M>X1 ,5GELS & ,PLEKHANOV4 ,IT IS TO IT ?AT HE REF]S 9 
CONNECTION ) ALL IMPORTANT PROBLEMS3 IT IS HIS CRIT]ION 9 EV]Y?+ & 
! F9AL C\RT ( APPEAL4 ,9 HIS MA9 PHILOSOPHICAL WORK1 ',MAT]IALISM 
& ,EMPIROCRITICISM'1 HE M]ELY REPEATS ,5GELS 9 TRAC+ ! OPPOSITIONS 
( ! DIFF]5T PHILOSOPHICAL PO9TS ( VIEW HACK TO ! ONE GREAT 
CONTRADICTION3 ,MAT]IALISM VS4 ,IDEALISM4 ,:ILE = ! FIR/ POSITION1 ,NATURE 
IS PRIM>Y & ,M9D SECOND>Y2 EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE HOLDS ( ! O!R4 ,?IS 
PREVI\SLY KN[N =MULATION IS DOCUM5T$ BY ,L59 ) ADDITIONAL MAT]IAL 
FROM ! V>I\S FIELDS ( KN[L$GE4 ,& SO !RE CAN BE NO ?\<T ( ANY 
ESS5TIAL 5RI*M5T ( ! ,M>XIAN DIALECTIC ON ! P>T ( ,L594 ,9 ! 
FIELD ( PHILOSOPHY1 TO SPEAK ( A ,L59I/ S*OOL IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMIC !ORY1 ALSO1 NO SU* 9DEP5D5T SIGNIFICANCE CAN 
BE ASCRIB$ TO ,L594 ,L59'S ECONOMIC WRIT+S >E MORE ,M>XI/ ?AN 
?OSE ( ANY ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES1 BUT !Y >E ONLY BRILLIANT APPLICATIONS ( 
! ALREADY EXI/+ ECONOMIC DOCTR9ES ASSOCIAT$ ) ,M>XISM4 ,L59 HAD 
ABSOLUTELY NO ?\<T ( BE+ AN 9DEP5D5T !ORETICIAN 9 MATT]S ( 
ECONOMICS2 TO HIM1 ,M>X HAD ALREADY SAID EV]Y?+ FUNDAM5TAL 9 ?IS FIELD4 
,S9CE1 TO HIS M9D1 IT WAS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO GO BEYOND ,M>X1 HE CONC]N$ 
HIMSELF ) NO?+ FUR!R ?AN PROV+ ?AT ! ,M>XI/ PO/ULATES W]E 9 
ACCORD ) ! ACTUAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,HIS PR9CIPAL WORK ON ECONOMICS1 ',! 
,DEVELOPM5T ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA'1 IS ELOQU5T TE/IMONY ON ?IS 
PO9T4 ,L59 NEV] WANT$ TO BE MORE ?AN ,M>X'S DISCIPLE1 & SO IT IS 
ONLY 9 LEG5D ?AT ONE CAN SPEAK ( A !ORY ( ',L59ISM'4 

,L59 WANT$ ABOVE ALL ELSE TO BE A PRACTICAL POLITICIAN4 ,HIS !ORETICAL 
WORKS >E ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ( A POLEMIC NATURE4 ,!Y COMBAT ! !ORETICAL 
& O!R 5EMIES ( ,M>XISM1 :I* ,L59 ID5TIFIES ) HIS [N POLITICAL 
/RIV+S & ?OSE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS G5]ALLY4 ,TO ,M>XISM1 PRACTICE DECIDES 
REG>D+ ! TRU? ( A !ORY4 ,AS A PRACTICIAN 5DEAVOR+ TO ACTUALIZE ! 
DOCTR9ES ( ,M>X1 ,L59 MAY HAVE ACTUALLY R5D]$ ,M>XISM AN 5ORM\S 
S]VICE4 ,H[EV]1 AS REG>DS ,M>XISM AGA91 EV]Y PRACTICE IS A SOCIAL ONE1 
:I* CAN BE MODIFI$ & 9FLU5C$ BY 9DIVIDUALS ONLY 9 V]Y LIMIT$ 
MEASURE1 NEV] DECISIVELY4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! UNION ( !ORY & 
PRACTICE1 ( F9AL GOAL & CONCRETE QUE/IONS ( ! MOM5T1 ) :I* ,L59 
WAS CON/ANTLY CONC]N$1 MAY BE ACCLAIM$ AS A GREAT ACCOMPLI%M5T4 ,BUT ! 
CRIT]ION = ?IS ACCOMPLI%M5T IS AGA9 ! SUCCESS :I* ATT5DS IT1 & 
?AT SUCCESS1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SAID1 WAS D5I$ TO ,L594 ,HIS WORK NOT ONLY 
FAIL$ TO ADVANCE ! WORLD REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T2 IT ALSO FAIL$ TO =M ! 
PRECONDITIONS = A TRULY SOCIALI/ SOCIETY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! SUCCESS 7SU* AS IT 
WAS7 DID NOT BR+ HIM NE>] TO HIS GOAL1 BUT PU%$ IT FUR!R 9TO ! 
DI/ANCE4 

,! ACTUAL CONDITIONS 9 ,RUSSIA & ! PRES5T SITUATION ( ! WORK]S 
?R\<\T ! WORLD \<T REALLY TO BE SUFFICI5T PRO( TO ANY COMMUNI/ 
OBS]V] ?AT ! PRES5T ',L59I/' POLICY IS JU/ ! OPPOSITE ( 
?AT EXPRESS$ BY ITS PHRASEOLOGY4 ,& 9 ! LONG RUN SU* A CONDITION MU/ 
)\T D\BT DE/ROY ! >TIFICIALLY CON/RUCT$ ,L59 ,LEG5D1 SO ?AT 
HI/ORY ITSELF WILL F9ALLY SET ,L59 9 HIS PROP] HI/ORICAL PLACE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,! ,L59 ,LEG5D -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,L59 ,LEG5D -- ,UPDAT$4 

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