,! ,LEG5D ( ! ,PIAVE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,IL PROGRAMMA COMUNI/A NO1 #b #a#i#f#c2 
,S\RCE3 HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,CAPITOL,HILL_/,LOBBY_/#c#i#i_/BORDIGA4HTML2 
,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3 ,&Y ,BLUND5 #b#c4 

,! PATRIOTIC SAGA ( ,ITALY RAIS$ ! ,PIAVE TO ! /ATUS ( ! 
NATIONAL RIV]1 & DESIGNAT$ IT AS SU*1 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,9 ! W> :I* 
WAS TO HAVE BE5 ! ,F\R? ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE1 LEAD+ ! C\NTRY 9 
A LEAP BEYOND ! ,V5ETIAN FRONTI]S 7WON BY NO MEANS BY >M$ MI<T7 
ALREADY GA9$ FROM ! ,?IRD4 ,AFT] TWO YE>S ( AN IMMOBILE FRONT ON 
! ,ISONZO1 /REAM+ BLOOD FROM A DOZ5 BATTLES1 ! DIRECTION !N 
*ANG$ ) ! FAM\S DEFEAT AT1 & FLI<T FROM1 ,CAPORETTO1 ) ! 
,AU/RIANS FLOOD+ ONTO ! PLA9 ?R\< ?IS BREA*4 ,AFT] A FEW DAYS 
( FE>+ = ! WOR/ :5 IT WAS BELIEV$ ?AT !Y W\LD ONLY HAVE 
BE5 /OPP$ ON ! ,ADIGE OR ,M9CIO1 ON ! #a#h#e#i-#f#f FRONTI]S1 ! TIDE 
WAS /EMM$ ON ! ,PIAVE1 SOME?+ ?AT WAS =ESE5 BY ! NOT 
ALTOGE!R /UPID TIT* ( A ,R+ :O ORGANIZ$ ! DEF5SE4.<#a.> ,WE ALL !N LE>N$ ?AT 
! ,PIAVE WAS TO BE DECL9$ AS A MASCUL9E1 NOT AS A FEM99E 
SUB/ANTIVE1 LAY+ TO RE/ \R S*OOLBOY D\BTS4.<#b.> 

,! RIV]'S NAME 5T]$ POPUL> POETRY & LEG5D4 ,! OLD 
,NEAPOLITAN V]SIFI] ,E4,A4 ,M>IO1 REC5TLY PASS$ ON1 WROTE V]SES & 
MUSIC :I* LO/ ONLY BY A %ORT HEAD TO ,MAMELI'S HYMN 9 ! 
COMPETITION = ! NATIONAL AN!M4 ,CAN Y\ RECALL ! +5U\S 
PHRASEOLOGY8 0,TOGE!R ) ! 9FANTRY1 BATTL$ ! WAVES04 
,ONCE AGA9 A RIV] WAS P]SONIFI$ 9 LIT]ATURE1 LIKE 9 CLASSICAL 
LIT]ATURE1 AS DEF5D+ ! MO!RL&1 C>RY+ TO ! SEA PILES ( 
5EMY CORPSES4 0,! ,PIAVE :ISP]$3 ! =EIGN] %ALL NOT 
PASS04 

,BUT N[ ! ,PIAVE HAS C>RI$ \T TO SEA ?\S&S ( ,ITALIAN 
CORPSES /RUCK D[N BY ! APOCALYPTIC FLOOD FROM ! ,VAJONT DUR+ ! 
D>K NI<T ( ,OCTOB] #i-#a?1 & HAS LO/ ITS TITLE TO NOBILITY4 ,ITS 
LEG5D WAS & IS ONE ( DEA?1 & !RE IS NO MORE GLORY 9 C>RY+ 
AWAY ! BODIES ( SOLDI]S ?AN ( PEACEFUL CITIZ5S CAU<T 9 !IR 
SLEEP4 ,!N !Y W]E IMMOLAT$ TO ! NEV] SATIAT$ ) BLOOD NUM9A 
( W>1 N[ TO ?OSE ( MOD]N B\RGEOIS & PATRIOTIC CAPITALI/ 
CIVILIZATION & ABOVE ALL TO ! ADOR]S ( ITS SCI5CE & 
TE*NOLOGY4 

,IT IS NOT JU/ TODAY ?AT WE SUDD5LY DESIRE TO DI%ONOR1 ALONG 
) ?OSE ( W>S BETWE5 PEOPLES1 ! NO LESS 9FAM\S KILL] DEITIES 
( A CIVILIZATION :I* RU/S & ROTS YE> BY YE>4 

,9 ,PROMETEO1 #bND S]IES NO4 #d1 ,JULY-,SEPTEMB] #aieb WE D$ICAT$ ! 
>TICLE ,POLITICS & ,CON/RUCTION TO ?IS !ME :I*1 AMONG ! 
V>I\S EXAMPLES ( DEADLY DISA/]S :I* CON/ITUTE REAL BANKRUPTCIES 
( SCI5TIFIC TE*NIQUE1 RECALL$ SEV]AL CASES ( FLOODS & CIT$ 
HI/ORICAL CASES ( M\NTA9 RES]VOIR DAMS1 RECALL+ ! HI/ORY ( 
?IS SKILL FROM ! ,MOORS 9 ,SPA9 & ,LEON>DO TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL 
9ADEQUACIES ( ! MOD]N HYDRAULIC S]VICES 9 ! P]IOD ( GREAT 
CAPITAL & MON/R\S CON/RUCTION 5T]PRISES4 

,9 ,FRANCE 9 #aiei !RE WAS ! T]RIBLE ,FREJUS CATA/ROPHE :I*1 
NEV]!LESS1 DESPITE ! COLLAPSE ( ! DAM :I* DID NOT HAPP5 9 
! CASE ( ! ,VAJONT BAS91 CAUS$ FEW] VICTIMS ?AN ! REC5T 
,ITALIAN CATA/ROPHE4 

,!N WE F\ND ! P]SON RESPONSIBLE1 ! ACCUS$ TO BE /OOD 9 ! 
DOCK1 BUT NOT 9 ! MANN] ( ! RECKLESS PETTIFOGG+ POLITICAL 
PRICK ( DEMAGOGIC OPPORTUNISM3 IT WAS ,PROGRESS1 ! LY+ MY? :I* 
MAKES ! POOR 9 SPIRIT & ! />V$ WRET*ES B5D !IR BACKS TO 
IT1 READY TO SWE> LOYALTY TO ?IS ,MOLO* :I* EV]Y SO (T5 & A 
LITTLE BIT EA* DAY CRU%ES !M UND] ! :EELS ( ITS OBSC5E 
C>RIAGE4 

,9 ! 9HUMAN SY/EM ( CAPITAL1 EV]Y TE*NICAL PROBLEM BOILS D[N 
TO AN ECONOMIC ONE1 ?AT ( ! PRIZE TO BE WON BY CUTT+ CO/S & 
BOO/+ RETURNS4 ,! OLD PRE-B\RGEOIS SOCIETIES HAD SOME RESIDUAL 
TIME TO ?9K AB\T SAFETY & G5]AL 9T]E/S4 ,AS WE RECALL$ 9 ! 
CASE ( ! ,FREJUS DAM1 ?AT TOO WAS A MA/]PIECE ( BR& NEW 
TE*NOLOGY1 IT WAS LI<T1 SLIM & AGILE & SO ) A V]Y MODE/ 
CONCRETE & /EEL TONNAGE HELD BACK AN 5ORM\S VOLUME ( WAT]4 ,BUT 
ALREADY PA/-BUILD]S HAD REALIZ$ ?AT DAMS WORK BY GRAVITY1 ?AT IS1 
!Y RESI/$ ! 9CR$IBLE ?RU/ ( ! LIQUID 9 ?AT !Y W]E 
EXTREMELY HEAVY & SO DID NOT COLLAPSE4 ,WE RECALL$ ?AT AFT] SEV]AL 
DISA/]S 9 ,SPA9 & AT ,GL5O 9 ,ITALY 7#a#i#b#c7 ! !ORY WAS MODIFI$ 
TO TAKE ACC\NT ( ! HYDRAULIC ?RU/ BEL[1 AT ! BASE ( ! DAM 
& !SE W]E BROAD5$ & MADE MORE /ABLE4 ,BUT ! REC5T DAMS HAVE 
OBEY$ 7A M]C5>Y SCI5CE HAS OBEY$7 ! SACROSANCT NE$ = L[ 
CO/S1 SO !Y >E BUILT1 AS ) ! ,FREJUS & ,VAJONT1 9 AN >*1 
?AT IS1 ) A CURVE ?AT PO9TS \T 9TO ! WAT] PRESSURE & 
SPREADS ! LOAD ONTO ! %\LD]S W$G$ 9TO ! VALLEY SIDES4 ,! 
DAM ?US BECOMES LESS VOLUM9\S1 LESS HEAVY & LESS CO/LY & IS 
MADE ( HI<LY RESI/ANT MAT]IALS4 ,BUT !N ! PRESSURE ( ! ?RU/ 
ON ! TWO %\LD]S ( ! CON/RUCTION GR[S MASSIVELY BECAUSE ?IS 
DEP5DS ON ! WAT] PRESSURE BORNE ON ITS BACK1 :I* IS ALL ! MORE 
MASSIVE ! HI<] ! DAM IS4 ,ALL[+ = SUP]LATIVE MAT]IALS 
P]MITT+ ! SLIMM+ ( ! DAM & !RE=E ( ITS %\LD]S1 ! 
PRESSURE ON ! NATURAL ROCK IS IMM5SE & ! PROBLEM CEASES TO BE 
!1 CONTROLLABLE1 ONE ( ADJU/+ ! >* ( RE9=C$ CONCRETE TO 
TAKE ! ?RU/ 7?IS CANNOT BE R$UC$71 BUT ( SEE+ IF ! ROCKY 
SIDES WILL CRUMBLE1 RU9+ ! >* %AP$ DAM4 ,?IS WAS ! ]ROR 
MADE AT ,FREJUS4 ,!N TOO IT WAS NOT ! ME*ANICAL & HYDRAULIC 
5G9E]S :O W]E WRONG1 BUT -- IT IS SAID -- ! GEOLOGI/S 
CALL$ ON TO EVALUATE ! /R5G? ( ! ROCK4 

,! FIR/ PROBLEM CAN BE/ BE TACKL$ BY MA!MATICAL CALCULATIONS1 
P]=M$ EI!R BY A GOOD !ORETICIAN OR BY A COMPUT]1 :ILE ! 
GREAT !ORETICIAN SITT+ AT IT GOES ?R\< A FEW PACKETS ( 
CIG>ETTES4 ,IT CAN BE TE/$ ON A SUITABLE SCALE MODEL 9 ! 
LABORATORY4 

,! GEOLOGICAL PROBLEM IS NOT ONE = ! SMOK+ SALOON OR ! TE/ 
TANK4 ,IT IS ONE ( L5G?Y HUMAN EXP]I5CE BAS$ ON ! PRO(S ( 
HI/ORICAL BUILD+4 ,HUMAN & SOCIAL EXP]I5CE4 ,= ALL MOD]N 
5G9E]+1 9 SO F> AS IT MAKES ?+S :I* >E NOT POCKET SIZ$ OR 
C>S1 CON/RUCT+ ?+S FIX$ TO ! ,E>?'S CRU/1 ! KEY 
PROBLEM IS ! L&_/BUILD+ RELATION%IP 7= A SIMPLE H\SE1 ! 
F\NDATIONS74 ,!RE >E NO P]5NIALLY VALID =MULAS BUT 9/EAD MANY 
SKILLFUL APPLICATIONS TO *OOSE FROM AFT] GA9+ H>D-LE>N$ 
EXP]I5CE4 ,TAK+ A BIG SAL>Y & SMOK+ 9 FRONT ( ! COMPUT] IS 
NOT SUFFICI5T4 

,?IS EXP]I5CE RIP5S OV] ! C5TURIES3 :OEV] BELIEVES 9 
PROGRESS & 9 ! JE/ ?AT LA/ SEASON'S LATE/ DISCOV]Y 
CONTA9S ! WISDOM ( ALL TIME1 MAY GET A BIG SAL>Y1 BUT CAUSES 
DISA/]S1 /ATI/ICS = :I*1 & !Y ALONE1 %[ PROGRESS4 

,! V]Y FOLK TRADITIONS AMONG ! UN$UCAT$ MASSES1 ! PLACE 
NAMES !MSELVES CAN HELP ! GEOLOGICAL EXP]T 7IF IT REALLY WAS HIS 
FAULT7 OR1 RA!R1 ! GOOD 5G9E]4 ,:Y EV] WAS ! ,FREJUS N>R[S 
CALL$ ,MAL ,PASSET3 A BAD /EP 9DE$4.<#c.> ,! M\NTA9 OV]LOOK+ ! RES]VOIR 
& :I* SLID 9TO IT CAUS+ ! T]RIBLE OV]FL[+1 :Y WAS IT 
CALL$ ,MONTE ,TOC8 ,TOC1 9 ,V5ETIAN1 MEANS PIECE3 IT WAS A ROCK 
?AT SPLIT (F 9 PIECES & ALL ! 9HABITANTS ( ! VALLEY EXPECT$ 
! L&SLIDE4 ,VAJONT1 ! NAME ( ! RES]VOIR1 BUT 
PREVI\SLY ( ! PASS1 ! GORGE 9 :I* ! DAM WAS W$G$1 ALL #bfc 
MET]S 7WORLD-BEAT+ HI/ORICAL RECORD671 9 ,LAD9O ,FRIULIAN DIALECT 
EQUALS ! ,V5ETIAN VA ZO1 GOES D[N1 :I* COLLAPSES 9TO ! VALLEY4 
,9 FACT PA/ L&SLIDES HAVE BE5 M5TION$1 BY ! POOR 9HABITANTS 
LIV+ ON !M4 

,UORTAMI1 ! GEOLOGI/1 9 D5Y+ 9DIGNANTLY ?AT HE W\LD EV] 
HAVE CONS5T$ TO ! SELECTION MADE = ! DAM SITE1 /AT$ ?AT ! 
*OICE FELL TO ! 5G9E]S4 ,QUITE SO4 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( ! TWO 
TRAG$IES ( ,MALPASSET & ,VAJONT 7AMONG ! MANY O!RS7 IS ID5TICAL4 
,AT ! BOTTOM ( !SE RECKLESS PROJECTS1 DICTAT$ & IMPOS$ BY ! 
HUNG] = PR(IT1 BY AN ECONOMIC LAW TO :I* ALL ! NAVVIES1 ! 
SURVEYOR & *IEF 5G9E] MU/ ALL B[1 = :I* REASON IT IS A 
FOOLI% REM$Y TO UNCOV] ! GUILTY P>TY AT AN 9QUE/1 LIES ! MO/ 
IDIOTIC ( MOD]N CULTS1 ! CULT ( SPECIALIZATION4 ,NOT ONLY IS IT 
9HUMAN TO HUNT D[N ! SCAPEGOAT1 BUT ALSO VA91 S9CE ONE HAS 
ALL[$ ?IS /UPID PRODUCTIVE SOCIETY TO >ISE1 MADE ( SEP>ATE 
SECTIONS4 ,NO ONE IS GUILTY BECAUSE1 IF SOMEONE TAKES (F ! BL9DFOLD 
= A MOM5T1 HE CAN SAY ?AT HE GAVE ADVICE REQUE/$ BY ! NEXT 
SECTION1 ?AT HE WAS ! EXP]T1 ! SPECIALI/1 ! COMPET5T 
P]SON4 

,! SCI5CE & SKILL ( PRODUC+1 & ESPECIALLY ( BUILD+1 
WILL1 9 ! FUTURE SOCIETY :I* WILL KILL ! MON/] ( ECONOMIC 
RETURN1 ( SURPLUS-VALUE PRODUCTION1 BE UNIT>Y & 9DIVISIBLE4 ,NOT A 
MAN'S HEAD1 BUT A SOCIAL BRA9 ABOVE RIDICUL\S SEP>AT$ SECTIONS 
WILL SEE )\T ?OSE USEFUL BL9DFOLDS ! IMM5SITY ( EA* 
PROBLEM4 

,WE READ ! REPORT ( ! 5G9E] :O = ?IRTY YE>S HAD DREAM$ 
( BUILD+ ! ,VAJONT DAM4 ,! GOOD MAN IS DEAD & DOES NOT NE$ \R 
DEF5SE4 ,HE WAS 9T]E/$ BY ! PURELY MORPHOLOGICAL FACT ?AT ) A 
LITTLE DAM ONE C\LD HOLD BACK A LOT ( WAT] & NO:]E ELSE W\LD 
! RETURN BE SO GREAT AT SO LITTLE CO/4 ,A VICTIM ( 9EXORABLE 
DET]M9ISM4 

,5G9E] ,SEM5ZA1 9 HIS COMM5T1 IS SURPRIS$ BY ! FACT ?AT ONE 
C\LD HAVE =ESE5 TAK+ ?IRTY YE>S TO DEVELOP HIS BASIC IDEA N[ 
?AT ! DAM IS COMPLETE4 ,HE DID NOT ?9K ?AT ! LONG TIME REQUIR$ 
C\LD BE DUE TO D\BTS OV] ! CORRECTNESS ( ! *OICE MADE4 ,HE 
?\<T ?AT ! WORK HAD BE5 WELL DIVID$ 9TO SECTIONS PROTECT$ BY 
! RI<T ( NOT KN[+ NOR WANT+ TO *ECK ONE ANO!R'S 
CONCLUSIONS4 ,9 ?IS ILLUSION1 :I* IS NOT BLAMEWOR?Y NOR EV5 A 
CRIME ( 0COMMISSION0 OR ( 0OMISSION01 LIES ! 
OMNIPOT5CE1 /RONG] ?AN ALL & EV5 ! BE/ 5G9E]1 ( ! 
MOD]N CAPITALI/ SUP]/ITION ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 :I* ,M>X 
FIR/ CONDEMN$ & ONLY ! REVOLUTION WILL KILL4 ,! 9NOC5CE ( ! 
DESIGN] IS F\ND 9 !SE WORDS3 0,HUNDR$S1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE1 
SCI5TI/S1 5G9E]S1 WORK]S ( ALL TRADES1 WORK$ TO COMPLETE ?IS 
DAM :I* %\LD HAVE CLOS$ ! DEEP & N>R[ RAV9E ( ! 
,VAJONT /REAM4 ,VAJONT GORGE.<#d.> AS SOME GUIDES CALL IT1 S9CE BY NATURE IT IS 
SO 9ACCESSIBLE & 9HOSPITABLE04 ,NO ONE TODAY W\LD ?9K 
?AT ! T\R GUIDE WAS RI<T BECAUSE HE MADE MONEY TAK+ PEOPLE UP TO 
SEE ! N>R[ GORGE & NOT BY WORK+ ON ! DAM4 0,AMONG ! 
FIR/ W]E ! HYDROLOGI/S0 :O TAKE RA9FALL & /REAM REGIME 
MEASUREM5TS1 ALL[+ ONE 0TO F9D ! VOLUME ( WAT] ?AT W\LD 
BE HELD 9 ! DAM'S RES]VOIR04 0,HI<] UP ! 
GEOLOGI/ EXAM9ES ! ROCK *>ACT]I/ICS 9 DETAIL1 HELP$ BY ! 
MO/ MOD]N 7OH COME ON N[67 GEOPHYSICAL RESE>*40 
0,MEAN:ILE1 ! TOPOGRAPH] MEASURES ) MICROSCOPIC PRECISION 
7FA%IONABLE J>GON67 ! VALLEY'S CONFIGURATION SO AS TO DRAW 9 
! CONT\R L9ES P]FECTLY40 

,LET US LEAVE \T ! DETAILS ( ! DESIGN WORK OR WORKS1 ! N9ETY 
H\RS ( COMPUT] TIME ?AT SAV$ YE>S ( WORK BY A TEAM ( 
MA!MATICIANS1 ! TALES ( ! EXP]IM5TS ON WOOD & !N CONCRETE 
MODELS444 ,ONLY ONE PASSAGE 9T]E/S US1 ! REF]5CE TO ! 
9ELUCTABLE ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM4 0,! DESIGN SELECT$ FROM AMONG 
MANY O!RS1 DAT+ FROM #a#i#e#f1 FULLY EXPLOITS ! VALLEY'S 
*>ACT]I/ICS :I* SEEM TO HAVE BE5 MADE = ! 
PURPOSE ( BUILD+ AN EXCEPTIONALLY L>GE 
DAM04 

,! VALLEY WAS MADE TO BE EXPLOIT$1 & IF ?AT HAD NOT BE5 ! 
CASE 444 ONE W\LD HAVE HAD TO HAVE 9V5T$ IT4 

,) SCI5CE1 TE*NOLOGY & LABOR1 DOES MAN EXPLOIT NATURE8 ,NO1 
NOT AT ALL1 & ! 9TELLIG5T RELATION%IP BETWE5 MAN & NATURE 
WILL >ISE :5 ONE /OPS MAK+ CO/ & DESIGN CALCULATIONS 9 MONEY1 
BUT 9 PHYSICAL & HUMAN QUANTITIES4 

,ONE CAN SAY EXPLOIT+ :5 A HUMAN GR\P EXPLOITS ANO!R4 ,! 
EXPLOIT$ COLLABORAT$ ) ! EXPLOIT+ 5T]PRISE 9 ! GR&IOSE 
CON/RUCTIONS ( ! M]CANTILE P]IOD4 ,MANY PEOPLE W]E EMPLOY$ AT 
,LONG>ONE & MONEY WAS ?R[N >\ND4 ,! 5G9E] HAS TO ANSW]3 DID 
IT RA9 GOLD8 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT A SKILL$ WORK] /RUCK OV] ! EVID5T 
DANG] ( L&SLIDES1 BUT IT IS ALSO A BITT] LESSON ?AT ! WORK] 
:O WAS KICK$ \T BY ! CURS$ SURVEYOR BECAUSE HE WAS LAME & W\LD 
NOT HAVE BE5 BE5 ABLE TO ESCAPE 9 CASE ( DANG] REACT$ 9 A 
VIOL5T MANN]4 ,:5 ! PAY IS GOOD1 RISKS TO HUMAN LIFE >E NORMAL 
F>E = ! SOCIETY ( MONEY & WAGES4 

,! :OLE VALLEY RAN ! RISK1 & N[ IT IS DEAD4 ,! SOLUTION TO 
?IS PROBLEM WILL NEV] BE F\ND BY ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 ME?OD 
US$ BY ! CURR5TLY AVAILABLE COMMUNI/S4 

,!Y >E SILLY SOLUTIONS TO !SE TRAG$IES -- :I* ONLY %[ 
?AT B\RGEOIS1 MONEY1 PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE1 M>KET SOCIETY HAS LIV$ \T 
ITS HI/ORICAL SPAN & HAS BY N[ BECOME AN EV5 MORE PUTRESC5T 
CORPSE ?AN ! ONES IT FLUNG 9TO ! ,PIAVE -- ! ONES B&I$ 
AB\T BY NEWSPAP]S F$ ON A GUTLESS PETTY-B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY1 :I* 
P]HAPS A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO C\LD GET BY1 & :I* CLAIMS JU/ICE1 
HONE/Y & S5T5CES = ?OSE :O GET IT WRONG OR *EAT4 

,SOCIALLY & POLITICALLY WE /& AP>T FROM ?OSE :O ASK1 9 ! 
NAME ( ! DEAD :O RISK$ !IR LIVES SO ?AT ?IS 9IQUIT\S SOCIETY 
C\LD GIVE !M ! ONLY CIVILIZATION IT C\LD1 = ?REE LAU<ABLE 
9QUIRIES3 

,! ,M9I/]IAL ,9QUIRY1 CALL$ = BY ! M9I/]S :O 
HAVE !IR F+]S 9 ! PIE & DELEGAT$ TO UNIV]SITY PR(ESSORS 
LOYAL TO ! SY/EM ( SECTORIAL RESPONSIBILITY ) :I* ONE HAS ! 
RI<T NOT TO KN[ 0O!RS' SUBJECTS0 9 ?IS 
BUREAUCRATIC1 S*OLA/IC & C>E]-RIDD5 SY/EM :I* IS DR[N+ 
US4 

,! ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,9QUIRY 9 :I* A GR\P ( PEOPLE ) 
NO KN[L$GE & ( CONTRA/+ IDEOLOGIES 7SAVE ?AT ( ! GRE$ = 
POLITICAL SUCCESS & AMBITION1 :I* IS ! SAME FROM ! EXTREME 
RI<T TO ! EXTREME LEFT7 /UDY :AT !Y DO NOT UND]/& & !N 
HAVE A VOTE ON IT 9 ! ASSEMBLY ( 0POLITICIANS01 ?AT IS1 
?OSE :O %\LD BE ! FIR/ TO BE TIPP$ 9TO ! DU/B9 SO AS TO 
LIB]ATE HUMAN SOCIETY4 

,! JUDICI>Y1 :I* KN[S ?AT ITS JOB IS TO APPLY A CODE 
ROOT$ 9 TRADITION & ! LATE/ CON/ITUTION1 USEFUL = ! PETTY 
?IEF & = ! CIVIL S]VANT :O 9 ?IS CASE WAS ! ONLY ONE TO BE 
BANG$ UP = MAK+ PUBLIC A 0/OL50 DOCUM5T :I* %[$ 
?AT ! TE*NICAL D\BT OV] ! DAM WAS F\ND$ & LONG 
/&+4 

,?REE DEGREES ( TRICK+1 NOT ! DEAD1 BUT ! LIV+ ?AT LOOK TO 
! HORRIBLE P>TIES & NEWSPAP]S ( ALL P]SUASIONS & DR[N 9 ! 
UNCONSCI\SNESS ( !IR DE/9IES4 

,:AT IS TO BE DONE ) ! DAM8 ,ANO!R PROBLEM ?AT ! 
BUREAUCRATIC1 DEMOCRATIC ADM9I/RATIVE ME*ANISM WILL BE UNABLE TO 
SOLVE4 

,! DAM WAS NOT FLATT5$ SO ,5G9E] ,SEM5ZA1 IF HE W]E /ILL 
ALIVE1 W\LD BE 9NOC5T1 LOOK+ AT IT FROM HIS SECTOR'S PO9T ( 
VIEW4 

,BUT ! PROBLEM WAS ! /ABILITY ( ! VALLEY SIDES AFT] !Y 
SUDD5LY RECEIV$ A HYDRAULIC PRESSURE ( #bf ATMOSPH]ES4 

,!RE WAS NO ALLUVIUM AT ! BOTTOM8 ,:AT K9D ( EXCUSE IS ?AT8 
,! LIQUID FL[$ FA/ ?R\< ! GAP & ?US DID NOT DEPOSIT BUT 
]OD$1 CREAT+ OV] ! C5TURIES ! CONDITIONS ! TOPOGRAPH]S 
DESCRIB$ TO POOR ,SEM5ZA4 ,?US ! SIDE WAS FRIABLE.<#e.>1 C]TA9LY P]MEABLE1 &1 UND]NEA?1 
! MASSIVE PRESSURE ON ! /RATA ?AT C\LD YIELD CAUS$ ,TOC TO 
SLIDE4 

,! RES]VOIRS CREAT$ UP/REAM FROM ! DAM1 :I* C\LD HAVE 
PROVID$ AN EMPIRICAL TE/ RESULT1 W]E PUT 9 PLACE )\T BE+ 
TE/$ & )\T ! ORD] ( ! OMNIPOT5T /ATE4 

,! DAM WAS TOO HI<4 ,! LAW ON ?IS MATT] MU/ BE AM5D$ TO 
/ATE A LEGAL MAXIMUM1 LET US SAY UND] #a MET]S4 ,BUT !N ! RETURN 
ON ! OP]ATION W\LD FALL BEL[ ! CO/S4 ,HORROR6 ,! MONOPOLY W\LD 
NOT LOSE \T1 BUT ONLY ! CONSUMPTION PATT]N ( ?OSE :O DEP5D ON 
IT1 ! SAME BE+ ! CASE IF ! /ATE W]E TO ACT DIRECTLY4 

,RE=MISM1 NOT ONLY 9 ,ITALY1 FLIES ?IS FLAG3 ! LAW PASS$1 F9D 
! LOOPHOLE4 

,AN OLD 5G9E] :O C\LD UND]/& GEOLOGY1 TOPOGRAPHY & 
BUILD+ ME*ANICS S9CE HE HAD AN OLD-FA%ION$ DEGREE SAID ?AT ! 
DAM C\LD COLLAPSE N[4 ,BEH9D IT !RE IS NO LONG] WAT]1 BUT A MIX$ 
DEPOSIT ( WAT] & E>? 7MUD & SLIME7 :I*1 ) ITS HI<] 
SPECIFIC WEI<T1 C\LD EX]CISE A GREAT] ?RU/4 ,H]E !RE >E NO 
MODELS ?AT HOLD GOOD6 ,! CASE IS TOO 9DET]M9ATE & EV5 ! 
COMPUT]S COME UP ) NO?+4 

,! ,VAJONT BAS9 WAS CUT 9 TWO BY ! HUGE L&SLIDE ) A VOLUME 
HI<] ?AN ?AT ( ! WAT] ?AT IT CONTA9$1 A HILL /&+ #a 
MET]S ABOVE ! WAT] LEVEL4 

,BUT ! SMALL] LAKE REMA9+ NEXT TO ! DAM CAN G5]ATE ! 
PRESSURE 9DICAT$ BY ! A=EM5TION$ 5G9E]4 ,IT ALL DEP5DS ON 
! HEI<T1 ?AT IS ! TOTAL1 & ! D5SITY ( ! MUD :I* WILL BE 
DECANT$4 

,! BAS9 MU/ BE EMPTI$1 BUT NOT BY BLA/+ ! DAM ) 
CANNON-FIRE1 BUT 9/EAD BY 9/ALL+ SIPHONS OV] IT TO REPLACE ! 
DEVICES DE/ROY$ BY ! DISA/] & AB&ON+ ! POT5TIAL 5]GY 
:I* ! TURB9E1 IF WORK+1 C\LD HAVE EXPLOIT$4 

,WE CANNOT BELIEVE ?AT ! ,M9I/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,WORKS C\LD HAVE 
?\<T ?AT ! WALL W\LD REMA9 9 PLACE TO SUPPORT SOME?+ ! 
SIZE ( AN ,ALP9E LAKE4 

,?AT SEW] ( DEA? IS NO ,ALP9E LAKE4 ,! LAKES =M$ DUR+ ! 
GLACIATION BETWE5 V]Y DEEP 9DE/RUCTIBLE ROCK WALLS & ) A 
MODE/ DAM ( NATURAL MORA9IC.<#f.> HILLS4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 TE/$ BY ,MO!R ,NATURE OV] 
MILLIONS ( YE>S1 NOT BY A ,TE*NICAL ,COMMISSION6 

,MAN C]TA9LY WILL W9 AGA9/ NATURE4 ,& WILL DO SO ?ANKS TO A 
SCI5CE1 A TE*NOLOGY1 AN ADM9I/RATION ?AT WILL NOT BE R5T$ \T TO 
ANYONE4 

,BE=E B5D+ NATURE TO \R 5DS1 WE WILL HAVE HAD TO HAVE B5T ! 
S9I/] SOCIAL =CES :I* 5?RALL$ US MORE ?AN MILLIONS ( CUBIC 
MET]S ( GRAVE /ONES & :I* CONDEMN ! REPLIES ( TODAY'S 
EXP]TS TO GREAT REW>DS & GRASP+ PR(ITS4 ,WE MU/ DAM ! FLOODS 
NOT ( WAT] & E>?1 BUT ( FIL?Y LUCRE4 

,FOOTNOTES 

.<#a.> 
,9 #a#i#a#g1 ! ,ITALIAN >MY WAS =C$ BACK TO ! ,PIAVE RIV] AFT] ! 
FRONT BROKE AT ,CAPORETTO 7N[ ,KOB>ID7 ON ! ,ISONZO 7N[ ,SOCA74 ,9 ! 
,?IRD ,W> ( ,9DEP5D5CE1 ! ,ITALIANS1 HAV+ PREVI\SLY MADE AN 
ALLIANCE ) ,PRUSSIA AGA9/ ,AU/RIA 7#h4#d4#a#h#f#f71 LO/ BO? ON L& 
7,CU/OZA7 & BY SEA 7,LISSA74 ,PRUSSIA1 H[EV]1 PREVAIL$1 & ! GOOD 
(FICES ( ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I ASSUR$ ,ITALY ( ,V5ETIA ALL ! SAME4 ,! 
,ADIGE & ,M9CIO >E TWO RIV]S ON ! ,PO PLA94 

.<#b.> 
,9 FACT 0,! NAMES ( RIV]S1 LAKES & M\NTA9S >E G5]ALLY 
MASCUL9E4 74447 ,EXCEPTIONS >E1 H[EV]1 FREQU5T DUE TO OLD REASONS1 
?US LA 7FEM47 ,PIAVE 7& 9 MOD]N & LOCAL USE7 IL 7MASC47 
,PIAVE40 ,ALFR$O ,FANS9I ,GRAMNATICA ,ITALIANA 7,PAL]MO1 #aihb 7#a#i#c#c77 
PP4 #c#d-#e4 

.<#c.> 
,LIT]ALLY3 0BAD /EP04 

.<#d.> 
,9 ,ITALIAN3 0ORRIDO01 :I* MEANS BO? GORGE & HORRIBLE1 
FE>FUL ETC44 

.<#e.> 
FRIABLE -- APT TO CRUMBLE 

.<#f.> 
MORA9E -- CONT9U\S L9E ( DEBRIS LEFT BY A GLACI] 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,LEG5D ( ! ,PIAVE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,LEG5D ( ! ,PIAVE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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