,! LEFT @& SOCIAL C5T] 'C\NT] CULTURE' 
A V]Y BRIDGEABLE *ASM8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,&REW ,FLOOD 

,TEXT 3 

,!RE IS A LONG /&+ & 9 MY VIEW PRETTY C\NT] PRODUCTIVE HO/ILITY BETWE5 LEFT POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS & ! RADICAL C\NT] CULTURE4 ,?IS PIECE GREW \T ( A REPLY TO ',! ,LIMIT'S ( ! ,C\NT] ,CULTURE' :I* IS P>T ( AN ONL9E PUBLI%+ PROJECT ( ,*EKOV ,FE5EY4 ,*EKOV WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,W,S,M = MANY YE>S & IS US+ ?IS PROJECT TO SL[LY REVEAL HIS NEW ANALYSIS ( RADICAL POLITICS & O!R WAYS ?+S MI<T BE DONE4 ,I'VE KN[N HIM = AB\T #ae YE>S S9CE WE MET 9 ONE SU* C\NT] CULTURAL POLITICAL SPACE1 ! %ORT LIV$ ,G>D5 ( ,DELI<T 9 ,DUBL94 ,9 ANY CASE :AT />T$ \T AS A SOME:AT ANNOY$ RESPONSE TO HIS PIECE SAT ON MY DRIVE & GREW & GREW AS ,I $IT$ IT 9TO SOME?+ MORE CON/RUCTIVE & 5D$ UP F> TOO LONG TO PO/ AS A COMM5T ON HIS SITE4 ,SO RA!R ?AN WA/+ IT ,I'M PO/+ IT H]E4 

,?IS PIECE ,I'M REPLY+ TO & ,*EKOV'S SUBSEQU5T PIECE ',9TO ! ,F> ,LEFT' >E P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/+ = ME AS ,I'VE BE5 ?9K+1 TALK+ & BE+ $UCAT$ A LOT >\ND ! T5D5CY TO VALUE APPE>+ 'NORMAL' & ! PROBLEM ?IS CREATES 9 FUR!R M>G9ALIZ+ ! 'NOT NORMAL'4 ,A PROBLEM NOT JU/ 9 MORAL T]MS BECAUSE IT MEANS *OOS+ TO D[NPLAY P>TICUL> OPPRESSIONS BUT ALSO 9 T]MS ( H[ ! 'WANT+ TO APPE> NORMAL' LEFT COME TO BE COMPOS$4 ,I 9T5D TO DEVELOP ! IDEAS H]E 9 A MORE FLE%$ \T =M 9 ! FUTURE1 ?IS IS SOME?+ ( A DIFFICULT E>LY EXP]IM5T 9 PUBLI%+ MY ?\<TS4 

,?AT PROBABLY MEANS ,I'M PROBABLY GO+ TO BE DEAL+ ) A NUMB] ( !MES ?AT ,*EKOV DIDN'T P]HAPS 9T5D TO FOCUS ON BUT !RE IS A VALUE TO CONSID]+ :Y !Y CREPT 9 UN9T5D$4 ,TO ME & AT LEA/ SOME O!RS ,I'VE TALK$ TO :AT ,I'M ADDRESS+ COMES SCREAM+ \T ( HIS PIECE4 ,IT'S ALSO WOR?Y SAY+ ?AT ?IS IS A 'YES BUT44' PIECE AS FROM \R %>$ POLITICAL HI/ORIES !RE IS A LOT ,I AGREE ) BUT ALSO A GOOD BIT ?AT ,I DON'T4 ,9 P>T BECAUSE \R EXP]I5CES HAVE DIV]G$ & MY ?9K+ & P]HAPS HIS HAS *ANG$ >\ND SOME ( ! DIFF]5CES ,I DISCUSS BEL[4 ,9 SOME ( ?IS WE N[ APPE> TO %>PLY DISAGREE4 

,AS A />T+ PO9T ! DISCUSSION ( ! C\NT] PRODUCTIVE ',LIFE/YLE ,AN>*ISM V ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM' DEBATE ( ! #a#i#i'S %\LD REALLY BE A W>N+ AGA9/ REPRODUC+ ?AT EMPTY POL>IZATION ?AT HAD F> MORE TO DO ) CRANKY OLD :ITE M5 P>AD+ !IR EGO'S ?AN ANY WI% TO PROVIDE A USEFUL SET ( DISCUSSION PO9TS = A BROAD MOVEM5T4 ,IT'S BECOME ONE ( MY GO TO EXAMPLES ( H[ NOT TO HAVE A USEFUL POLITICAL DISCUSSION -- FROM ! />T IT HAD F> MORE 9 COMMON ) A SPORTS EV5T :]E Y\ PICK & *E] ON A TEAM = 5T]TA9M5T4 ,AN AWFUL LOT ( 'S]I\S' LEFT ATTEMPTS TO DISCUSS C\NT] CULTURAL SPACES SUFF] FROM ?IS APPROA* -- !Y >E NOT REALLY DISCUSSIONS AT ALL1 JU/ A SET ( /&>DIZ$ CLI*ES DESIGN$ TO ELICIT A *E] FROM ?OSE ON Y\R SIDE 'GO TEAM' /YLE4 ,& ! SAME IS TRUE = ! >GUM5T 9 ! O!R DIRECTION4 ,TO A L>GE EXT5T IT WAS A DEBATE ! WRIT]S ON BO? SIDES US$ TO OP5 UP AN 'UNBRIDGEABLE *ASM' TO BOO/ !IR [N />DOM & 9 DO+ SO DAMAG$ ! REEM]G+ MOVEM5T 9 ! PROCESS4 ,IT'S WOR? NOT+ 9 PASS+ ?AT ! DAMAGE WAS GREATE/ :]E ! MOVEM5T WAS MO/ LACK+ 9 EXP]I5CE1 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA AS ! LACK ( ACTIVE 9VOLVEM5T ( OLD] ACTIVI/S ) ! ORGANS+ EXP]I5CE TO KN[ TO AVOID PO9TLESS CONFLICT SAW MU* ( ! NEW MOVEM5T TAK+ SIDES 9 :AT W]E (T5 PRETTY MEAN+LESS R$ V GRE5 OR SOCIAL V LIFE/YLI/ DEBATES ?AT W]E ! CREATION ( OLD] !ORI/S SEEK+ TO C>VE \T A FOLL[+4 

,9 MY OP9ION WE NE$ TO GET BEYOND ?IS EMPTY CONFLICT BETWE5 'POLITICAL' & 'CULTURAL' ORGANIZATION TO AN UND]/&+ ( :Y ! TWO >E ALWAYS F\ND H& 9 H& DESPITE ! RE OCCURANECE ( !SE SORT ( CRITIQUES4 ,9 :AT FOLL[S ,I'M FOCUS+ 9 SPECFICALLY ON SOCIAL C5T]S & ! C\NT] CULTURE _/ REJECTION ( MA9/REAM MORALITY ?AT IS (T5 QUITE FUNDAM5TAL TO !IR EXI/5CE4 ,:]E ,*EKOV PRES5TS ?IS AS A WEAKNESS ,I SEE IT AS A /R5G?4 

,PROBABLY ,I %\LD />T BY SAY+ ?AT ,I F9D ! WAY ,*EKOV TRIES TO PLACE SOCIAL C5T]S 9 ! TRADITION ( ! UTOPIAN SOCIALI/S PROBLEMATIC4 ,?AT TRADITION ( SETT+ UP COMMUNES ISOLAT$ FROM ! RE/ ( SOCIETY %>ES MORE 9 COMMON ) ! SIMIL> RELIGI\S EXP]IM5TS ( ?AT P]IOD ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( SOCIAL C5T]S ,I'M FAMILI> )4 ,!Y HAVE T5D$ TO BE MORE AN 9T]V5TION 9TO ! NEI<BOORHOODS @& NON GEOGRAPHIC COMMUNITIES >\ND !M RA!R ?AN SOME?+ SEP]AT$ (F4 ,& SETT+ UP ! DEBATE ALONG ! L9ES ( 09T]V5+ 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! PROVID]S ( LABOR & ! [N]S ( CAPITAL RA!R ?AN E/ABLI%+ AUTONOM\S COMMUNITIES AS ISL&S ( ALT]NATIVE VALUES )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM0 GOES A LONG WAY TO ILLU/RAT+ ! LIMITATIONS ( HIS IDEALIZ$ PICTURE ( ! 'NORMAL' LEFT4 

,:Y CAN'T SOCIAL C5T]S TAKE OV] ! WORLD8 

,*EKOV SAYS HE LE>N$ ?R\< EXP]I5CE ?AT SU* C5T]S %>$ A 0BROAD SET ( PROBLEMS :I* EFFECTIVELY PREV5T$ !M FROM SCAL+0 & HAD 0 CORE PROBLEMS ?AT LIMIT ! /RATEGY'S POT5TIAL = SUCCESSFULLY 9DUC+ SOCIAL *ANGE40 ,BUT ITS NOT NECESS>ELY ! CASE ?AT ! GOAL _/ VISION ( SU* SPACES IS TO EXP& TO ALL ( SOCIETY SO SETT+ ?AT UP AS ! TE/ ( SUCCESS IS 9 MY OP9ION BADLY FLAW$4 ,I'M NOT SURE MO/1 NEV] M9D ALL1 SOCIAL C5T]S DEF9E !MSELVES AS WANT+ TO BE G5]ALIZABLE OR TRANS=MATIVE 9 T]MS ( TURN+ ALL ( SOCIETY 9TO SOCIAL C5T]S OR EV5 BR++ EV]YONE ?R\< !IR DOORS4 

,!Y T5D TO BE MORE LIKE A LEFT MAGAZ9E !N A LEFT NEWSPAP] -- T>GET$ AT NI*E AUDI5CES ?AT >E EXPECT$ TO HAVE A FAIR LEVEL ( 9T]E/ & !RE=E AN ASSUM$ WILL+NESS TO DO SOME LE>N+4 ,AT LEA/ 9 MY EXP]I5CE ! ORGANIZ+ GR\PS >E G5]ALLY QUITE AW>E ?AT ! ROLE ( ! SPACE IS N>R[ & SPECIFIC RA!R ?AN G5]AL & BROAD AL?\< !Y MI<TN'T EXPRESS IT ?AT WAY4 ,IT'S ONE ( ! PROBLEMS ) ! PIECE ?AT IT JUDGES !M AS FAIL+ AT SOME?+ ?AT V]Y FEW1 IF ANY1 EV] SET !MSELVES UP TO DO 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 Y\ MI<T AS WELL >GUE ?AT A READ+ GR\P ISN'T G5]ALIZABLE OR TRANS=MATIVE4 ,LIKE A READ+ GR\P SOCIAL C5T]S T5D TO SEE !MSELVES AS A P>T ( A WID] MOVEM5T1 A P>T ) A P>TIUCL> FUNCTION RA!R ?AN BE+ '! MOVEM5T'4 

,?AT ?IS ISN'T A GOAL C\LD BE A CRITICISM BUT ONLY = ?OSE SPACES _/ 9DIVIDUALS PRONE TO D5\NC+ EV]YONE :O IS NOT DO+ 'REVOLUTION' LIKE !Y >E4 ,Y\ DO F9D ?AT TYPE 9 SOCIAL C5T]S & IT IS AN ATTITUDE C5TRAL TO ! WRIT]S :O HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO CLAIM TO BE ! !ORI/S ( SU* SPACES1 BUT Y\ F9D ?AT TYPE 9 ANY MOVEM5T ( SIGNIFICANCE P>TICUL>LY ONE ?AT DRAWS 9 Y\?4 ,5TIRE ,SOCIAL ,C5T]S BUILT >\ND ?AT PREMISE >E NOT SOME?+ ,I'VE COME ACROSS (T5 7IF AT ALL7 & ,I'VE BE5 9 QUITE A FEW OV] #be OR SO YE>S 7,I TALK ) O!RS AB\T SOME ( ?AT EXP]I5CE 9 ?IS AUDIO FROM #bh AS P>T ( A DISCUSSION 9 ,SEOMRA -- ITS BAS$ ON VI/+ #d SPACE & GIVES SOME IDEA ( ! DIV]SITY ( APPROA*ES ?AT IS F\ND74 ,O,K !RE IS AN OBS]V] SELECTION EFFECT 9 OP]ATION H]E AS ,I'M PROBABLY MU* LESS LIKELY TO F9D MYSELF 9 SU* SPACES -- 9 ,*EKOV'S N>RATIVE HE WAS SEEK+ \T C\NT] CULTURAL SPACES BE=E MOV+ ON TO 'REAL POLITICS'4 ,BUT ,I'VE BE5 9 AT LEA/ A C\PLE ( DOZ5 SOCIAL C5T] SPACES 9 ,IREL&1 ,BRITA91 ,U,S,A1 ,CANADA1 ,SPA91 ,NE!RL&S1 ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY @& ,ITALY SO AT ! V]Y LEA/ !RE IS A SUB/ANTIAL BLOCK ( !M ?AT DO NOT FOLL[ HIS DESCRIPTION ( LIMITATIONS :I* >E PRES5T$ AS UNIV]SAL4 

,LIKEWISE '9/ITUTIONAL P]MAN5CE' IS AN ODD MEASURE ( SUCCESS TO USE ( A MOVEM5T ?AT DOESN'T APPE> TO DEF9E ?AT AS A GOAL AT ALL4 ,ITS P>TICUL>LY NOT TRUE ( ! TYPE ( SOCIAL C5T] ACTIVI/ ,*EKOV SEEMS TO BUILD HIS CRITIQUE >\ND1 ?AT TYPE ?AT 9 SO F> AS !Y EXI/S >E LIKELY TO HAVE A COPY ( ,T,A,Z 7,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONE7 TUCK$ 9TO !IR RUCKSACK4 ,P]MAN5CE TO ?AT SET IS A BAD ?+ RA!R ?AN A GOAL !Y HAVE FAIL$ TO A*IEVE4 ,= ! RE/ !RE >E SOME SOCIAL C5T]S ?AT HAVE BE5 >\ND DECADES1 SOMETIMES 9 ! SAME LOCATION1 SOMETIMES ?R\< REGUL>LY MOV+4 ,& MANY O!RS ?AT EXI/ = #a-#e YE> SPANS1 LIFESPANS TYPICAL ( MANY LEFT PROJECTS ?AT FAIL TO & OV] FROM ! 9ITIAL 5?USIA/IC ORGANIZ+ GR\P4 

,CAN SAF] SPACES DEAL ) BAD BEHAVIORS8 

,*EKOV BUILD A LOT ( HIS >GUM5T AB\T ! SUPPOS$ 9ABILITY ( SOCIAL C5T]S TO DEAL ) PEOPLE ATTRACT$ TO !M AS P]MISSIVE SPACES4 ,?IS LI/ IS PROBLEMATIC 9 ITSELF LUMP+ 9 AS IT DOES HOMELESS PEOPLE & PEOPLE ) M5TAL HEAL? ISSUES ALONGSIDE SEXUAL PR$ATORS4 ,I'M NOT AW>E ( ANY EVID5CE ?AT POLITICIZ$ SOCIAL SPACES >E PRONE TO HAVE ABOVE AV]AGE RATES ( SEXUAL PR$ATORS 9 COMP>ISON ) O!R SPACES 9 SOCIETY :]E PEOPLE GA!R TO SOCIALIZE4 

,ANECDOTALLY ,I ?9K ! RATIO IS LIKELY TO BE CONSID]ABLY L[] 9 MO/ SOCIAL C5T]S BECAUSE ITS (T5 ! CASE ?AT SU* SPACES >E COLLECTIVELY REGULAT$ VIA ,SAF] ,SPACES POLICIES DESIGN$ TO EXCLUDE SU* BEHAVIORS4 ,:I* MEANS :ATEV] 9CID5TS !RE >E T5D TO BE BR\<T TO LI<T F> MORE (T5 ?AN 9 SOCIETY \TSIDE SU* SPACES4 ,BUT ?IS REALLY ISN'T A FIX$ V>IABLE & HAS A LOT TO DO ) H[ POLITICIZ$ A SPACE IS & :AT =M ?AT POLITICIZATION TAKES1 9 P>TICUL> ! /R5G? ( ITS FEM9I/ CONT5T4 ,9 ?AT CONTEXT IT IS MORE ?AN A LITTLE UN=TUNATE ?AT HE S+LES \T A WI% TO 'TRANS=M 9T]-G5D] RELATIONS' & OPPOSITION TO 'SLUT-%AM+' AS NEGATIVE EXAMPLES ( ! CON/RUCTION ( ALT]-MORALS TO ! MA9/REAM4 ,BO? HAVE A SIGNIFICANT RELATION%IP TO EXCLUD+ SEXUAL PR$ATORS :O MI<T O!RWISE SEE ,SOCIAL ,C5T]S AS AN EASY HUNT+ GR\ND4 

,ISN'T !RE ALWAYS A CORE & P]IPH]Y 9 ORGANIZ+8 

,*EKOV'S OBS]VATION ?AT SOCIAL C5T]S DEP5D ON A CORE ( HI<LY COMMITT$ ORGANIZ]S IS CORRECT4 ,BUT !N PRETTY MU* EV]Y 'NOT YET SUCCESSFUL' POLITICAL MOVEM5T DEP5DS ON A CORE ( 'HI<LY COMMITT$ & IDEALI/IC ORGANIZ]S' -- ITS ONLY ) SUCCESS ?AT ! C>E]I/S T5D TO MOVE 94 ,JU/ AS A NEWSPAP] HAS PEOPLE :O PRODUCE ! PAP] & PEOPLE :O MO/LY CONSUME IT A SOCIAL C5T] HAS PEOPLE :O REPRODUCE ! SPACE & A MU* L>G] NUMB] :O CONSUME IT 9 V>I\S =MS4 ,G5]ALLY !RE IS F> MORE 9T]ACTION _/ 9VOLVEM5T ( CONSUM]S ) ! MA9T5ANCE ( A SOCIAL C5T] ?AN !RE IS ) A NEWSPAP] BUT /ILL MO/ PEOPLE MO/ ( ! TIME WILL BE 9 ! P]IPH]Y4 ,IF ?IS WASN'T TRUE IT W\LD BE A BAD ?+ AS IT W\LD MEAN ! C5T] HAD BECOME A COMPLETELY 9W>D LOOK+ BUBBLE4 ,MY [N EXP]I5CE1 MO/LY BAS$ ON OBS]V+ ,SEOMRA ,SPAOI1 IS ?AT !RE IS A HEAL?Y T5SION BETWE5 BR++ NEW PEOPLE 9 & DEVELOP+ ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ?OSE :O USE ! SPACE ?AT IS P>T ( ! DYNAMIC ( CREAT+ & RECREAT+ ! ESS5TIAL GR\P ( CORE ORGANIZ]S4 

,! COMP>ISON ) A NEWSPAP] SUGGE/S ?AT A ,SOCIAL ,C5T] %\LD PROBABLY BE VIEW$ AS A TACTIC ?AT A CORE GR\P CAN USE TO 5GAGE ) A BROAD] POPULATION & ?AT ANY JUDGM5T ( SUCCESS OR FAILURE CAN ONLY BE A COMP>ATIVE ONE ) O!R ME?ODS4 ,DOES A SPACE LIKE ,SEOMRA ,SPRAOI HAVE MORE ( A LA/+ IMPACT ON MORE PEOPLE ?AN ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK] 7!Y PROBABLY CONSUME SIMIL> RES\RCES74 ,>E !RE DIFF]5CES 9 ! SORT ( PEOPLE IT HAS ?IS IMPACT ON & ! LEVEL ( ACTIVITY DOES IT 5C\RAGES !M 9TO8 ,I'M NOT CONV9C$ !RE IS A G5]AL ANSW] TO !SE QUE/IONS ?AT MAKE A PAP] QUALITATIVELY BETT] ?AN A SOCIAL C5T] RA!R ?AN JU/ ANO!R ORGANIZ+ TOOL4 

,DO WE WANT ,MORALISM OR ,ALT]-MORALISM8 

,:AT ,*EKOV DESCRIBES AS HO/ILITY TO 'MORALISM' IS :]E WE S]I\SLY />T TO TAKE DIFF]5T APPROA*ES4 ,:AT HE WRITES HAS ! \TW>D APPE>ANCE ( JUDG+ A SET ( IMPORTANT POLITICAL _/ ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES ON ! GR\NDS ( :E!R !Y >E H>D _/ EASY TO IMPLEM5T4 ,?AT'S A FAIRLY PRIVILEG$ WAY 7YES ,I US$ ?AT T]M -- IT FITS H]E7 TO LOOK AT ISSUES LIKE SEXISM @& RACISM & ! ATTEMPT TO REPLACE '\TSIDE' ATTITUDES 7MORALS7 ) COLLECTIVELY DEVELOP$ '9SIDE' ONES4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS PROCESS IS GO+ TO BE A BIT UNCOM=TABLE = ?OSE ( US ) RELATIVE PRIVILEGE & ALSO ?AT FROM \R PO9T ( VIEW !RE MAY NOT BE ?AT MU* B5EFIT TO US 9 ?AT PROCESS4 ,BUT ?AT SORT ( MISSES ! PO9T ( :Y IT MI<T BE USEFUL 9 T]MS ( CREAT+ A MOVEM5T ?AT IS NOT SIMPLY COMPRIS$ ( PEOPLE LIKE US 7/RAI<T :ITE CIS MALES74 

,FROM OBS]VATION ,I ALSO DON'T ?9K ITS ! CASE ?AT !SE ATTEMPTS (T5 FAIL DUE TO 9DIVIDUALS :O EVADE !SE ALT] MORALS4 ,?AT SOMETIMES HAPP5S 9 SOME SPACES BUT O!R ONES SUCCESSFULLY CREATE & MA9TA9 ALT]-MORALS 7,SAF] ,SPACES7 OV] LONG P]IODS ( TIME4 ,9 SU* CASES 'CYNICAL @& /UBBORN' 9DIVIDUALS >E SIMPLY REMOV$ FROM ! SPACE -- ,I'VE WITNESS$ ?AT HAPP5 MANY TIMES N[4 ,:]E !RE IS A /RONG S5SE ( COLLECTIVE AGREEM5T >\ND SU* RULES ?AT PROCESS CAN BE SO RAPID AS TO ALMO/ BE 9/ANT 7EG GUYS GROP+ PEOPLE ON ! DANCEFLOOR AT CLUB NI<TS74 ,IT DOES BECOME MORE COMPLEX :5 SOMEONE HAS MANAG$ TO 9S9UATE !MSELVES 9TO ! CORE ORGANIZ+ GR\P1 BUT !N ?IS W\LD BE ALSO ! CASE IF ?AT GR\P HAPP5$ TO BE A SPORTS CLUB OR A CONV5TIONAL POLITICAL P>TY4 

,YES AS NEW PEOPLE COME 9 SU* ALT]-MORALS >E LIABLE TO BE CONTE/$1 SOMETIMES ANGRILY4 ,& ?AT CAN BE QUITE DIFFICULT & DISRUPTIVE TO O!R ONGO+ ORGANIZ+ EF=TS4 ,BUT ! PO9T ?AT ,I ?9K IS MISS$ IS ?AT !Y >E ALSO C5TRAL TO SU* ORGANIZ+ EF=TS1 ! PROCESS & ITS REPETITION IS 9 ITSELF 9T5SELY POLITICAL & MOVEM5T =M+4 ,IF Y\ DON'T HAVE ?IS SORT ( COLLECTIVE PROCESS !N Y\R PR$ATOR WILL /ILL EXI/1 PROBABLY UN*ALL5G$ & :ILE Y\ WON'T LO/ C]TA9 PEOPLE ?R\< ! DISRUPTION ( HAV+ TO DEAL ) HIM Y\ WILL LOSE O!R PEOPLE :O NO LONG] FEEL SAFE 9 ?AT SPACE4 ,IT'S WOR? /OPP+ TO CONSID] H]E :O LEAVES _/ GETS DRIV5 \T 9 EA* CASE & :AT SORT ( LONG T]M IMPACT ?AT HAS ON ! WAY MOVEM5TS LOOK & :O !Y 9VOLVE4 

,:AT IS ! 9FLU5CE ( C\NT] CULTURE _/ SOCIAL SPACES ON SOCIETY8 

,I DON'T ?9K ! IMPORTANT MEASURE ( ?IS IS :E!R !SE SPACES SPREAD TO FILL SOCIETY BUT RA!R :E!R !Y %IFT ! BALANCE ( SOCIAL ATTITUDES 9 A MORE PROGRESSIVE DIRECTION4 ,! ME*ANICS ( SU* %IFTS W\LD SEEM TO BE ?AT !Y >E DRIV5 BY \TLI]S :OSE IDEAS >E SELDOM IF EV] TAK5 UP 9 A PURE =M BUT :O ALL ! SAME CAN HAVE 5ORM\S IMPACT OV] TIME1 PROBABLY 9 A PUNCTUAT$ WAY :]E A LOT ( ?AT IMPACT HAPP5S OV] BRIEF BUT 9T5SE 9T]VALS4 ,QUE] LIB]ATION IS PROBABLY ! /RONGE/ EXAMPLE ( ?IS1 9 P>TICUL> 9 ,IREL&1 9 ! TIME FRAME ( \R ADULT LIVES4 ,! FIR/ ,DUBL9 PRIDE M>* ,I ATT5D$ HAD A C\PLE ( HUNDR$ PEOPLE ON IT & WAS LIT]ALLY ATTACK$ BY /ONE ?R[+ KIDS1 TODAY ITS ! SECOND BIGGE/ /REET P>TY AFT] ,PATRICKS DAY -- SOME?+ MY #b-YE>-OLD SELF W\LD NEV] HAVE IMAG9$4 

,:AT ROLE DID ! SOCIAL C5T]S ( NOR!RN ,EUROPE HAVE ON %IFT+ SOCIAL ATTITUDES 9 ,D5M>K1 ,G]MANY OR ! ,NE!RL&S 9 A CONTEXT :]E HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( Y\NG PEOPLE SP5T !IR MO/ =MATIVE YE>S 9 CONTACT ) !M8 ,I'M NOT SURE H[ Y\ W\LD EV5 />T TO MEASURE SU* A ?+1 9 P>TICUL> AS Y\ C\LDN'T REALLY ISOLATE ?AT EXP]I5CES FROM CONTACT ) ! MORE CONV5TIONAL LEFT ETC4 ,BUT ,I SUSPECT IF WE W]E TO TALK ( IMPACT ?AN ?AT IS :]E IT IS TO BE F\ND RA!R ?AN 9 ! MEASURE ( H[ MANY WEEKS1 MON?S OR YE>S A C5T] SURVIVES OR GOES BETWE5 CRISIS4 ,I'D SUGGE/ 9 T]MS ( GOALS ?AT %IFT 9 SOCIAL ATTITUDES IS PROBABLY A MU* MORE USEFUL MEASURE ?AN ! QUE/ION ( '9/ITUTIONAL P]MAN5CE' -- NOT EV]Y?+ CAN MEAN+FULLY BE MEASUR$ BY ! SQU>E MET] ( (FICE SPACE OCCUPI$ MULTIPLI$ BY TIME4 

,:AT IS IT TO BE NORMAL8 

,*EKOV PRES5TS ! T5D5CY ( SOCIAL C5T]S TO CONC5TRATE PEOPLE :O >E M>G9ALIZ$ AS A NEGATIVE BUT IS IT REALLY NOT A POSITIVE8 ,9 P>TICUL> 9 COMP>ISON ) ! TRADITIONAL LEFT & ITS T5D5CY TO BE DOM9AT$ BY ! NON-M>G9ALIZ$4 ,HIS /ORY AB\T BE+ MADE UNCOM=TABLE BY A 'LAVI%LY BE>D$ MAN 9 A SKIRT' />+ AT HIM IS A CASE 9 PO9T4 ,UNLESS Y\ GET ?AT SORT ( CONC5TRATION ( ! O!RWISE M>G9ALIZ$ ?AT P]SONS LIFE EXP]I5CE IS PROBABLY O!RWISE TO GO ?R\< LIFE ) ! CON/ANT UNCOM=TABLE EXP]I5CE 7& WORSE7 HE MOM5T>ILY FELT & REMEMB]$4 ,! CREATION ( A SPACE :]E ! BE>D$ P]SON1 & PRESUMABLY O!RS1 >E COM=TABLE TO BE :O !Y >E IS ! CREATION ( A SPACE :]E !Y & ALLIES CAN ORGANIZE TO BE+ ! PROCESS ( TRANS=M+ :ATEV] IT IS ?AT MAKES PEOPLE UNCOM=TABLE ) ! SI<T ( A 'LAVI%LY BE>D$ MAN 9 A SKIRT' 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 

,! C\NT] >GUM5T TO ?AT APPE>S TO A FE> ?AT SU* M>G9AL TYPES WILL /OP ! LEFT COMMUNICAT+ ) MA9/REAM 'NORMAL' SOCIETY4 ,TO BE HONE/ ,I ?9K ?IS IS ! /&>D FE> ( ! NORMAL ACT+ LEFTI/ ?AT FAILS TO REALIZE ?AT MANY 9 ! SOCIETY !Y >E TRY+ TO APPE> NORMAL TO IS V]Y MU* MORE DIV]SE & ACCEPT+ ( DIFF]5CE ?AN !Y PRESUME4 ,EV5 ) ?IS EXAMPLE PEOPLE TRANGRESS+ G5D] B\ND>IES IS F> FROM UNUSUAL OR NEW4 ,DAVID ,B[IE BUILT HIS E>LY C>E] \T ( IT & ! MO/ POPUL> FIGURE 9 ! LONG RUNN+ ,BRITI% SOAP ,CORONATION /REET IS ,H>LEY ,PATT]SON1 A TRANS WOMAN *>ACT] :O M>RI$ & ADOPT$ *ILDR5 ) ,RAY ,CROPP]4 ,IF \R S\<T AFT] NORMAL P]SON1 & :AT IS MORE NORMAL ?AN ,CORONATION /REET1 CAN ACCEPT ?AT SORT ( /ORYL9E !Y PROBABLY WON'T BE ?AT SURPRIS$ ?AT A RADICAL SOCIAL C5T] TURNS \T TO BE A SPACE :]E SOME PEOPLE >E EI!R \TSIDE ! G5D] B9>Y OR >E A G5D] O!R ?AN ?AT ASSIGN$ TO !M AT BIR? >E TO BE F\ND4 

,9 ! 'S]I\SNESS POLITICS' CONCLUSION HE PRES5TS :AT HAS GOT TO BE ONE ( ! WOR/ POSSIBLE ALT]NATIVES1 ! S]I\S /UD5TS ( ! ,F,A ,LYON RIS+ FROM !IR B$S AT #eAM TO SELL PAP]S TO FACTORY WORK]S4 ,! ASSUMPTION BE+ ?AT !SE FACTORY WORK]S W\LD ID5TIFY ) ! /RANGE BEHAVIOR ( ! /UD5TS LONG BE=E ! ?AT ( ! 'LAVI%LY BE>D$ MAN 9 A SKIRT4' ,IT W\LD BE 9T]E/+ TO TE/ :E!R ?AT ASSUMPTION WAS ACTUALITY TRUE 7,LORD/[N & ! #aihd ,BRITI% ,M9]S /RIKE SUGGE/ MAYBE NOT7 BUT IT IS P]HAPS ! /RANGE/ C\NT] POS+ ?AT C\LD BE (F]$ 9 A CONTEXT O!R ?AN TRY+ TO P>ODY #a#i#e'S ,/AL9ISM4 

,I DRAFT$ ?IS %ORTLY AFT] HE PUBLI%$ HIS PIECE & HAVE ONLY RETURN$ TO IT SOME MON?S LAT]4 ,?IS 9T]VAL IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE 9 ! MEANTIME ,*ELSEA ,MANN+ COMPLET$ H] TRIAL & RELEAS$ H] /ATEM5T SAY+ %E IS A WOM5 & WANT$ TO BE REF]R$ TO AS SU*4 ,?IS LEAD TO A V]Y SIGNIFICANT DEBATE AB\T ! SUBSEQU5T MISG5D]+ ( ,*ELSEA BY MU* ( ! MA9/REAM M$IA & EV51 IF ONLY BRIEFLY1 BY SECTIONS ( ! LEFT M$IA4 ,A LOT ( 'NORMAL' PEOPLE W]E SUDD5LY EXPOS$ TO !SE DEBATES AB\T G5D] & ! SKY DIDN'T FALL 94 ,:I* POSSIBLY MEANS ! SI<T ( A 'LAVI%LY BE>D$ MAN 9 A SKIRT' HAS TAK5 A SIGNIFICANT /EP T[>DS MA9/REAM ACCEPTANCE 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT SAME SEX C\PLES HOLD+ H&S 9 PUBLIC HAS4 ,?AT SU* TRANS=MATIONS />T$ TO HAPP5 9 OBSCURE SOCIAL C5T]S DEMON/RATES ! VALUE ( SU* SPACES1 NOT A PROBLEM ) !M4 

,SOME CONCLUSIONS = N[4 

,AS ,I SAID AS ! />T ,I ?9K C\NT] CULTURE IS A PRETTY IMPORTANT >EA = A MOD]N OPPOSITIONAL MOVEM5T TO DEAL )4 ,IT'S TOO BIG A SUBJECT TO GET 9TO H]E BUT BRIEFLY ,I ?9K ,*EKOV'S APPROA* REPEATS ! MI/AKE ( ! LEFT 9 NOT CONSID]+ H[ ! =MS IT *OOSES SELECTS & REPRODUCE ITS [N COMPOSITION4 ,MI/AKES ?AT LEAD TO A LEFT ?AT 9 ITS WI% TO APPEAL TO ALL 5DS UP APPEAL+ TO ALMO/ NO ONE \TSIDE ( ?AT GR\P ( MO/LY :ITE M5 :O LIKE %\TY >GUM5TATIVE DEBATES BETWE5 =MAL & 9=MAL 9TELLECTUALS4 ,SOCIAL C5T]S & C\NT] CULTURE 9 G5]AL CAN BE AN IMPORTANT P>T ( R$RESS+ ?AT IMBALANCE BY PROVID+ SPACE & VOICE TO ?OSE :O T5D TO BE EXCLUD$ BY SU* DEFAULT LEFT ME?ODS4 ,IF !Y W]E ! ONLY ME?ODS US$ !Y W\LD PROBABLY ONLY REPRODUCE A LEFT ?AT W\LD APPEAL TO A SOME:AT DIFF]5T ALMO/ NOBODY1 BO? ME?ODS CAN BE SE5 ONLY AS P>T ( A TOOLBOX = CON/RUCT+ A G5U9ELY 9CLUSIVE RADICAL MOVEM5T CAPABLE ( UNIT+ ! MASS ( SOCIETY DESPITE ! FACT ?AT WE >E NOT1 AFT] ALL1 9D5TIKIT NORMATIVE WORK]S 9 BOIL] SUITS4 

,! SECOND CONCLUD+ PO9T IS ?AT NOT BE+ NORMAL 5\< IS PROBABLY NOT ! MA9 B>RI] MO/ PEOPLE HAVE :5 !Y APPROA* ! LEFT4 ,MO/ ( ! LEFT AFT] ALL GOES \T ( ITS WAY TO PRES5T A NOT P>TICUL>LY HONE/ IMPRESSION ( !MSELVES AS NORMAL4 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT IF Y\ >E HAPPY ) CONFIRM+ TO :AT IS EXPECT$ ( Y\ ITS QUITE LIKELY ?AT WILL EXT5D BEYOND H[ Y\ LOOK1 :AT Y\ EAT & ! MORAL COMPASS Y\ USE 9 RELATION%IPS4 ,IT W\LD BE H>D TO ISOLATE CAUSE & EFFECT BUT ! DECISION NOT TO BE 'NORMAL' IS PROBABLY ALSO A DECISION >\ND H[ Y\ WILL RELATE TO PRIVATE PROP]TY1 WORK DISCIPL9E & 'KN[+ Y\R PLACE'4 ,\TSIDE ( TIMES ( MASS CONFLICT ! LEFT HAS PROBABLY ALWAYS BE5 COMPOS$ ( ! LESS 'NORMAL' EV5 IF AT TIMES P]HAPS MANY ACT$ NORMAL = TACTICAL REASONS1 JU/ AS SOME /ILL DO4 ,IT IS NOT A DESIRE TO TRANSGRESS ! G5D] B9>Y ?AT IS HOLD+ US BACK1 IS ! WEIRDNESS ( WANT TO TRANSGRESS ! MU* MORE RIGOR\SLY 5=C$ ECONOMIC RULES @& HI]>*ICAL P[] /RUCTURES ?AT =M ! B$ROCK ( \R SOCIETY1 

,NONE ( ?IS IS TO D5Y ?AT SOCIAL C5T]S >E V]Y CAPABLE ( BE+ DEEPLY DYSFUNCTIONAL SPACES BUT !N ?AT IS TRUE ( ANY ORGANIZATIONAL ME?OD4 ,OR ?AT ON !IR [N :AT !Y CAN A*IEVE IS V]Y LIMIT$ BUT !N WE HAVE DISCOV]$ ?AT TO BE TRUE ( EV5 MASS ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ,TRADE ,UNIONS4 ,!IR VALUE IS REALLY AS P>T ( AN EXT5SIVE TOOLBOX ( ORGANIZATIONAL ME?ODS4 ,!Y HAVE A ROLE 9 ORGANIZ] CREATION :I* PRODUCES ORGANIZ]S ) DIFF]5T & 9 SOME RESPECTS MORE USEFUL SKILLS ?AN SOME ( ! O!R ME?ODS ! LEFT MORE TRADITIONALLY USES4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#c1 #bba 3 ,! LEFT @& SOCIAL C5T] 'C\NT] CULTURE' -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,! LEFT @& SOCIAL C5T] 'C\NT] CULTURE' -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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