,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #ab 

#aheeahee 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TEXT 3 

,S,E,C,T,I,O,N ,X,I,I4 

,OBJECTION ,TWELF?4 

,IT IS SAID ?AT A MAN1 BY GIV+ HIS IDEAS TO O!RS1 DOES NOT !REBY P>T ) !M HIMSELF1 NOR LOSE ! USE ( !M1 AS 9 ! CASE ( MAT]IAL PROP]TY2 ?AT HE ONLY ADDS TO O!R M5'S WEAL?1 )\T DIM9I%+ HIS [N2 ?AT HIS GIV+ KN[L$GE TO O!R M5 IS ONLY LI<T+ !IR C&LES BY HIS1 !REBY GIV+ !M ! B5EFIT ( LI<T1 )\T ANY LOSS ( LI<T TO HIMSELF2 & ?AT !RE=E HE %\LD NOT BE ALL[$ ANY EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY 9 HIS IDEAS1 NOR ANY RI<T TO DEM& A PRICE = ?AT1 :I* IT IS NO LOSS TO HIM TO GIVE TO O!RS4 

,?IS OBJECTION IS REALLY ! SAME AS ! NEXT PREC$+ ONE2 & IS ONLY /AT$ 9 A DIFF]5T =M4 ,! ANSW]S GIV5 TO ?AT OBJECTION1 WILL APPLY ) EQUAL =CE TO ?IS4 

,! FALLACY ( BO? OBJECTIONS CONSI/1 PRIM>ILY1 9 ?IS--?AT !Y D5Y ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE1 ON :I* ALL RI<TS ( PROP]TY >E F\ND$1 NAMELY1 ?AT LABOR & PRODUCTION GIVE1 TO ! LABOR] & PRODUC]1 A RI<T ( EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY 91 & ( EXCLUSIVE & ABSOLUTE DOM9ION OV]1 ! ACQUISITIONS & PRODUCTS ( HIS LABOR4 

,! FALLACY ( BO? OBJECTIONS CONSI/S1 SECOND>ILY1 9 ?IS--?AT !Y D5Y TO ! LABOR] ! RI<T & P[] ( OBTA9+ ANY COMP5SATION = HIS LABOR1 O!R ?AN SU* AS HE MAY *ANCE TO OBTA91 FROM HIS [N P]SONAL POSSESSION & USE ( ! COMMODITIES1 :I* HE PRODUCES OR ACQUIRES BY HIS LABOR4 ,!Y ASS]T ! RI<T ( ALL O!R M5 TO USE ?OSE COMMODITIES1 )\T HIS CONS5T1 & )\T MAK+ HIM ANY COMP5SATION--PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y CAN DO IT )\T COM+ 9 P]SONAL COLLISION ) HIM4 ,!Y ?US D5Y ?AT HE HAS ANY RI<T TO =BID O!R M5 TO USE ! COMMODITIES HE HAS PRODUC$1 OR TO DEM& PAY ( !M = SU* USE4 ,!Y ?US VIRTUALLY D5Y HIS RI<T TO SELL OR R5T ! PRODUCTS ( HIS LABOR1 OR TO OBTA9 9 EX*ANGE = !M SU* O!R COMMODITIES AS HE DESIRES4 ,!Y ASS]T ?AT1 AFT] A MAN HAS HIMSELF 9CURR$ ! :OLE LABOR & EXP5SE ( PRODUC+ A COMMODITY--A COMMODITY ?AT IS CAPABLE ( ACCOMMODAT+ O!RS1 AS WELL AS HIMSELF2 & ?AT WILL BE ( AS MU*1 P]HAPS MORE1 VALUE1 = USE1 TO O!RS1 ?AN TO HIMSELF--HE IS B\ND TO GIVE !M AS FREE USE ( IT1 AS HE HAS HIMSELF1 )\T REQUIR+ !M TO BE> ANY P>T ( ! BURD51 OR COMP5SATE HIM = ANY PORTION ( ! LABOR & EXP5SE1 9CURR$ BY HIM 9 PRODUC+ IT4 ,!Y ?US VIRTUALLY ASS]T ?AT LABOR1 ONCE P]=M$1 IS NO LONG] 5TITL$ TO BE REW>D$1 H[EV] B5EFICIAL IT MAY BE TO O!RS ?AN ! LABOR]2 ?AT COMMODITIES1 ONCE PRODUC$1 >E NO LONG] 5TITL$ TO BE PAID =1 BY ?OSE :O USE !M1 7O!R ?AN ! PRODUC]S17 H[EV] VALUABLE !Y MAY REALLY BE TO !M2 ?AT A MAN1 !RE=E1 HAS NO SU* RI<T ( PROP]TY 91 NOR ( CONTROL OV]1 ! PRODUCTS ( HIS LABOR1 AS WILL 5ABLE HIM TO =BID O!R M5 TO USE !M1 OR TO DEM& PAY ( O!R M51 = !M1 OR = ! USE ( !M2 ?AT ALL M51 CONSEQU5TLY1 HAVE A P]FECT RI<T TO SEIZE1 & APPROPRIATE TO !IR [N USE1 ! PRODUCTS ( EA* O!R'S LABOR1 )\T ! CONS5T ( ! PRODUC]S1 & )\T MAK+ ANY COMP5SATION1 PROVID$ ONLY ?AT !Y DO IT )\T COM+ 9 P]SONAL COLLISION ) ! PRODUC]S2 ?AT IF A MAN HAVE PRODUC$ 5\< ( ANY P>TICUL> COMMODITY1 7AS :EAT1 = EXAMPLE17 TO SUPPLY ! WORLD1 HE CAN RI<TFULLY CONTROL ONLY SO MU* ( IT1 AS HE NE$S = HIS [N CONSUMPTION1 & CAN MA9TA9 HIS ACTUAL POSSESSION (2 ?AT HE CAN )HOLD ! SURPLUS FROM NO ONE1 ) A VIEW TO GETT+ AN EQUIVAL5T = IT2 ?AT EV]Y MAN'S SURPLUS1 ( ANY P>TICUL> COMMODITY1 IS NOT HIS PROP]TY1 TO BE EX*ANG$ = ! SURPLUS COMMODITIES ( O!R M51 BY VOLUNT>Y CONTRACT1 BUT IS RI<TFULLY FREE TO BE SEIZ$1 BY ANY ONE1 TO ! EXT5T ( HIS P>TICUL> NE$S = HIS [N CONSUMPTION2 CONSEQU5TLY ?AT ! EX*ANGES1 :I* TAKE PLACE AMONG M51 ( !IR RESPECTIVE SURPLUSES ( ! DIFF]5T COMMODITIES !Y SEV]ALLY PRODUCE1 ALL PROCE$ UPON FALSE NOTIONS ( M5'S SEP>ATE RI<TS ( PROP]TY 9 ! PRODUCTS ( !IR SEP>ATE LABOR1 & UPON A FALSE D5IAL ( ! RI<T ( ALL M5 TO P>TICIPATE EQUALLY ) EA* MAN 9 ! PRODUCTS ( HIS P>TICUL> LABOR2 ?AT M5 HAVE NO RI<T TO PRODUCE ANY ?+ = SALE1 OR R5T1 BUT ONLY TO CONSUME2 & ?AT IF ANY ONE MAN BE SO FOOLI% AS TO PRODUCE MORE1 ( ANY SPECIFIC COMMODITY1 ?AN HE HIMSELF CAN USE--AS = EXAMPLE1 MORE FOOD ?AN HE HIMSELF CAN EAT1 MORE CLO!S ?AN HE HIMSELF CAN WE>1 MORE H\SES ?AN HE HIMSELF CAN LIVE 91 MORE BOOKS ?AN HE HIMSELF CAN READ1 & SO ON TO ! 5D ( ! CATALOG--SU* FOLLY IS HIS [N1 COMMITT$ ) HIS EYES OP51 & HE HAS NO RI<T TO COMPLA9 IF ALL SU* SURPLUSES BE TAK5 FROM HIM1 AGA9/ HIS WILL1 & )\T COMP5SATION1 BY ?OSE :O CAN CONSUME !M2 ?AT IT IS NOT ! LABOR ( PRODUC+ COMMODITIES1 BUT ! WILL & P[] TO CONSUME !M1 ?AT GIVES ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 91 & DOM9ION OV]1 !M2 ?AT ! RI<T ( PROP]TY1 !RE=E1 DEP5DS1 NOT UPON PRODUCTION1 BUT UPON M5'S APPETITES1 DESIRES1 WANTS1 & CAPACITIES = CONSUMPTION2 & CONSEQU5TLY ?AT ALL M5 HAVE EQUAL RI<TS TO EV]Y ?+ !Y DESIRE = CONSUMPTION1 :OEV] MAY HAVE BE5 ITS PRODUC]--PROVID$ ONLY !Y CAN SEIZE UPON IT )\T COMMITT+ AN ACTUAL TRESPASS UPON ! BODY ( SU* PRODUC]4 

,?IS IS CLE>LY ! TRUE MEAN+ ( ! OBJECTIONS2 BECAUSE ! SAME PR9CIPLE W\LD APPLY AS WELL TO A SURPLUS ( FOOD1 CLO?+1 OR ANY O!R COMMODITY1 AS TO A SURPLUS ( IDEAS1 OR--:AT IS ! SAME ?+--TO ! SURPLUS CAPACITY ( A S+LE IDEA1 BEYOND ! P]SONAL USE ( ! PRODUC]--BY :I* ,I MEAN ! CAPACITY ( A S+LE IDEA TO BE US$ BY O!R P]SONS SIMULTANE\SLY ) ! PRODUC]1 )\T COLLISION ) HIM4 ,! CAPACITY ( A S+LE IDEA TO SUPPLY A L>GE NUMB] ( P]SONS AT ONCE )\T COLLISION1 IS1 9 PR9CIPLE1 PRECISELY LIKE ! CAPACITY ( A L>GE QUANTITY ( FOOD TO SUPPLY A L>GE NUMB] ( P]SONS AT ONCE1 )\T COLLISION4 ,9 ! CASE ( ! FOOD1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! IDEA1 !RE IS MORE ?AN ONE CAN USE1 & IS 5\< = ALL2 & ?AT IS ! REASON GIV51 :Y ! IDEA %\LD NOT BE MONOPOLIZ$ BY ! PRODUC]1 BUT BE MADE FREE TO ALL :O CAN USE IT ADVANTAGE\SLY = !MSELVES4 ,IF ?IS >GUM5T BE GOOD1 9 ! CASE ( ! IDEA1 IT IS EQUALLY GOOD 9 ! CASE ( ! FOOD2 = !RE IS MORE ( ?AT ?AN ! PRODUC] CAN CONSUME1 & !RE=E ! SURPLUS %\LD BE FREE TO O!RS4 ,! >GUM5T IS ! SAME1 9 ONE CASE AS 9 ! O!R2 & IF IT BE GOOD 9 ONE CASE1 IT IS GOOD ALSO 9 ! O!R4 

,! CAPACITY ( AN IDEA TO BE US$ BY MANY P]SONS AT ONCE1 IS ALSO ! SAME1 9 PR9CIPLE1 AS ! CAPACITY ( A ROAD1 A CANAL1 A /EAMBOAT1 A !AT]1 OR A *UR*1 TO BE US$ BY MANY P]SONS AT ONCE4 ,& ! PRODUC] OR PROPRIETOR ( ! IDEA1 HAS AS CLE> A RI<T TO DEM& PAY FROM ALL :O USE HIS IDEA1 SIMULTANE\SLY ) HIMSELF & ) EA* O!R1 AS ! PRODUC] OR PROPRIETOR ( A ROAD1 A CANAL1 A /EAMBOAT1 A !AT]1 OR A *UR*1 HAS1 TO DEM& PAY ( ALL :O USE ONE ( ?OSE COMMODITIES1 SIMULTANE\SLY ) HIMSELF & ) EA* O!R4 ,H[ ABSURD IT W\LD BE TO D5Y ! RI<T ( ! PROPRIETORS ( !SE LA/ NAM$ COMMODITIES1 TO DEM& PAY ( ! ?\S& US]S ( !M1 ON ! GR\NDS ?AT !Y ALL US$ !M SIMULTANE\SLY6 ?AT !RE WAS ROOM = ALL6 ?AT ! US]S DID NOT COME 9 COLLISION ) EA* O!R6 ?AT ! COMMODITIES W]E SUSCEPTIBLE ( BE+ US$ BY A ?\S& OR MORE AT A TIME6 & ?AT ! USE ( !M1 BY O!RS1 DID NOT PREV5T ! PROPRIETORS FROM US+ !M ALSO AT ! SAME TIME6 

,IS A PASSAGE ON A /EAMBOAT ( NO VALUE TO A MAN1 IF !RE BE O!R M5 ON BO>D8 ,IS IT NOT JU/ AS LEGITIMATE A SUBJECT = COMP5SATION1 :5 HE 5JOYS IT SIMULTANE\SLY ) O!RS1 AS :5 HE 5JOYS IT ALONE8 ,>E NOT ! P]=MANCES 9 A !AT]1 A *UR*1 OR A CONC]T ROOM1 JU/ AS LEGITIMATE SUBJECTS = COMP5SATION1 BY EA* P]SON :O 5JOYS !M1 ?\< !Y BE 5JOY$ SIMULTANE\SLY BY A ?\S& O!RS BESIDE HIMSELF1 AS !Y W\LD BE IF 5JOY$ BY HIMSELF ALONE8 ,C]TA9LY !Y >E4 ,& ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE1 ! USE ( AN IDEA1 :I* MAY BE US$ BY ! :OLE WORLD AT ONCE1 )\T COLLISION ) EA* O!R1 IS JU/ AS LEGITIMATE A SUBJECT = COMP5SATION TO ! PRODUC]1 AS ?\< ! IDEA W]E CAPABLE ( BE+ US$ BY BUT ONE P]SON AT A TIME4 

,BUT FUR!R4 ,:Y IS IT CLAIM$ ?AT A MAN IS B\ND1 9 ! CASE ( AN IDEA1 ANY MORE ?AN 9 ANY O!R CASE1 TO GIVE A PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR TO O!RS1 )\T REQUIR+ !M EI!R TO COMP5SATE HIM = HIS LABOR 9 PRODUC+ IT1 OR PAY HIM ANY EQUIVAL5T = ITS VALUE TO !M8 ,HE HAS PRODUC$1 AT HIS [N CO/1 A COMMODITY1 :I* CAN BE US$ BY O!RS1 AS WELL AS BY HIMSELF2 & ! USE ( :I*1 BY O!RS1 WILL BR+ AS MU* WEAL? TO !M1 AS HIS [N USE ( IT WILL BR+ TO HIMSELF4 ,:Y HAS HE NO RI<T1 9 ?IS CASE1 AS 9 ALL O!RS1 TO SAY TO O!R M51 Y\ %ALL NOT USE1 = Y\R PR(IT1 A COMMODITY PRODUC$ BY MY LABOR1 UNLESS Y\ WILL PAY ME MY PRICE = IT1 OR--:AT IS ! SAME ?+--= MY LABOR 9 PRODUC+ IT8 ,CAN ANY RATIONAL ANSW] BE GIV5 TO SU* A QUE/ION AS ?AT8 ,:AT CLAIM HAVE !Y UPON A PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR1 ?AT !Y %\LD SEIZE IT )\T PAY+ = IT8 ,IS IT !IRS8 ,IF SO1 BY :AT RI<T1 :5 !Y DID NOT PRODUCE IT8 & HAVE NEV] B\<T IT8 & ! PRODUC] HAS NEV] FREELY GIV5 IT TO !M8 ,SELF-EVID5TLY IT CAN BE !IRS BY NO RI<T :ATEV]4 

,ON ! PR9CIPLE ( !SE OBJECTIONS1 ,FULTON C\LD GET NO COMP5SATION = HIS LABOR & EXP5SE1 9 9V5T+ ! /EAM5G9E1 O!R ?AN SU* AS HE MI<T D]IVE FROM ACTUALLY OP]AT+ ONE ( HIS [N 5G9ES1 9 COMPETITION ) ALL O!R P]SONS1 :O MI<T *OOSE ALSO TO OP]ATE !M4 ,IF HE DID NOT *OOSE HIMSELF TO OP]ATE AN 5G9E = A LIV+1 ! WORLD W\LD GET ! :OLE B5EFIT ( HIS 9V5TION = NO?+1 & HE GO :OLLY UNREW>D$ = HIS LABOR 9 PRODUC+ IT4 ,ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE1 ,MORSE C\LD GET NO PAY = ! LABOR & EXP5SE 9CURR$ BY HIM 9 9V5T+ ! TELEGRAPH1 O!R ?AN SU* AS HE C\LD OBTA9 BY HIMSELF OP]AT+ A TELEGRAPH1 9 COMPETITION ) ALL O!R P]SONS :O %\LD *OOSE TO DO ! LIKE4 ,IF HE DID NOT *OOSE TO OP]ATE A TELEGRAPH = A LIV+1 OR C\LD NOT MAKE A LIV+ BY SO DO+1 ! WORLD W\LD GET ! :OLE B5EFIT ( HIS 9V5TION = NO?+1 & HE GO :OLLY UNREW>D$ = HIS LABOR 9 PRODUC+ IT4 ,ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE1 A MAN1 :O %\LD BUILD1 AT HIS [N CO/1 A ROAD1 OR A CANAL1 W\LD HAVE NO RI<T TO =BID O!RS TO PASS OV] IT1 NOR TO DEM& PAY ( !M = PASS+ OV] IT2 & C\LD CONSEQU5TLY GET NO PAY = HIS LABOR 9 CON/RUCT+ IT1 O!R ?AN SU* AS HE C\LD OBTA9 BY SIMPLY PASS+ OV] IT HIMSELF4 ,IF HE DID NOT WI% TO PASS OV] IT1 HE W\LD :OLLY LOSE HIS LABOR 9 CON/RUCT+ IT2 & ! WORLD W\LD GET ! :OLE B5EFIT ( IT = NO?+4 ,ON ! SAME PR9CIPLE TOO1 IF A MAN %\LD BUILD & RUN1 AT HIS [N *>GE1 A /EAMBOAT1 L>GE 5\< TO C>RY A ?\S& PASS5G]S BESIDE HIMSELF1 HE C\LD NEI!R =BID ! ?\S& TO COME ON BO>D1 NOR DEM& PAY ( !M = !IR PASSAGE4 ,HE C\LD GET NO PAY = HIS \TLAY1 9 BUILD+ & RUNN+ ! BOAT1 O!RWISE ?AN BY SIMPLY TAK+ A PASSAGE ON BO>D ( IT HIMSELF4 ,IF ?IS %\LD NOT BE AN ADEQUATE COMP5SATION1 HE W\LD HAVE TO SUBMIT TO ! LOSS1 :ILE ! O!R ?\S& PASS5G]S W\LD 5JOY A FREE PASSAGE1 ON HIS BOAT1 AT HIS CO/1 & )\T HIS CONS5T1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ! BOAT WAS L>GE 5\< TO C>RY HIM & !M TOO1 & BECAUSE !IR PASSAGE ON IT DID NOT PREV5T HIM FROM TAK+ PASSAGE ON IT ALSO1 SIMULTANE\SLY ) !MSELVES6 

,BUT IT IS SAID ?AT GIV+ KN[L$GE TO A MAN1 IS SIMPLY LI<T+ HIS C&LE BY \RS2 :]EBY WE GIVE HIM ! B5EFIT ( LI<T1 )\T ANY LOSS ( LI<T TO \RSELVES4 ,& BECAUSE WE >E NOT 9 ! HABIT ( DEM&+ PAY1 = SO MOM5T>Y A LABOR1 OR SO TRIVIAL A S]VICE1 AS ?AT ( SIMPLY LI<T+ A MAN'S C&LE1 IT IS 9F]R$ ?AT WE HAVE NO RI<T TO DEM& PAY ( A MAN1 = \R 9TELLECTUAL LI<T1 TO BE US$ AS AN 9/RUM5TALITY 9 LABOR1 ?\< IT BE SU*1 ?AT HE WILL D]IVE GREAT PECUNI>Y PR(IT FROM IT4 

,ADMITT+1 = ! SAKE ( ! >GUM5T1 ?AT ! CASES >E ANALOG\S1 ! ILLU/RATION :OLLY FAILS TO PROVE :AT IS DESIGN$ TO BE PROV$ BY IT2 BECAUSE1 LEGALLY SPEAK+1 WE HAVE AS P]FECT A RI<T TO ! ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( \R C&LES1 AS ( ANY O!R PROP]TY :ATEV]1 & AS P]FECT A RI<T TO REFUSE TO LI<T ANO!R MAN'S C&LE1 AS TO REFUSE TO FE$ OR CLO! HIS BODY4 ,WE HAVE ALSO AS P]FECT A RI<T TO =BID HIM TO LI<T HIS C&LE BY \RS1 OR 9 ANY WAY TO USE \R LI<T1 AS WE HAVE TO =BID HIM TO USE \R HORSE1 OR \R H\SE4 ,& ! ONLY REASON WE DO NOT1 9 PRACTICE1 DEM& A PRICE = LI<T+ A MAN'S C&LE1 IS1 ?AT ! LI<T+ ( A S+LE C&LE IS SO SLI<T A LABOR1 & IS SO EASILY DONE BY ANYBODY1 & EV]Y BODY1 ?AT IT WILL COMM& NO PRICE 9 ! M>KET2 S9CE EV]Y MAN W\LD SOON] LI<T HIS [N C&LE1 ?AN PAY EV5 ! SMALLE/ SUM TO ANO!R = DO+ IT4 ,BUT :5EV] ! NUMB] ( C&LES TO BE LI<T$ IS SO L>GE1 AS TO 5ABLE ! S]VICE TO COMM& A PRICE 9 ! M>KET1 M5 AS HABITUALLY DEM& PAY = LI<T+ C&LES1 AS = ANY O!R S]VICE ( ! SAME M>KET VALUE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ?OSE :O LI<T ! LAMPS1 9 ! /REETS ( CITIES1 9 *UR*ES1 !AT]S1 & O!R L>GE BUILD+S1 AS UNI=MLY DEM& PAY = SO DO+1 AS = ANY O!R S]VICE DONE BY ONE MAN = ANO!R4 ,& NO LAWY] WAS EV] YET A/UTE 5\< TO DISCOV] ?AT SU* LAMPLI<T]S W]E 5TITL$ TO NO PAY1 EI!R = ! REASON ?AT !Y P>T$ ) NONE ( !IR [N LI<T1 OR = ! REASON ?AT !Y 5JOY$1 9 COMMON ) O!RS1 ! LI<T GIV5 =? BY ! C&LES !Y LI<T$4 

,WE DO NOT N[ DEM& PAY = LI<T+ A S+LE C&LE1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ! S]VICE IS TOO TRIVIAL TO COMM& A PRICE WOR? DEM&+4 ,BUT IF ! PRODUCTION ( A LI<T1 9 ! FIR/ 9/ANCE1 W]E--LIKE ! 9V5TION ( A VALUABLE IDEA--A WORK ( GREAT LABOR & DIFFICULTY1 SU* AS FEW P]SONS C\LD ACCOMPLI%1 & ?OSE FEW ONLY BY A GREAT EXP5DITURE ( MONEY1 TIME1 & /UDY1 ! PRODUC]S ( A LI<T W\LD !N DEM& PAY = LI<T+ EV5 A S+LE C&LE BY IT1 ! SAME AS !Y N[ DO = ! USE ( AN IDEA BY A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL4 ,& IT W\LD BE NO >GUM5T AGA9/ !IR RI<T TO DO SO1 TO SAY1 ?AT !Y P>T ) NO LI<T !MSELVES2 ?AT !Y HAVE AS MU* LI<T LEFT AS !Y HAD BE=E1 OR AS !Y CAN USE 9 !IR [N BUS9ESS1 @&C41 @&C4 ,! ANSW] W\LD BE1 ?AT ! LI<T WAS ! PRODUCT ( !IR LABOR1 & AS SU* WAS RI<TFULLY !IR EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY1 & SUBJECT TO !IR EXCLUSIVE CONTROL2 ?AT !RE=E NO ONE HAD A RI<T TO USE IT )\T !IR CONS5T2 ?AT !Y HAD AS GOOD RI<T TO PRODUCE A LI<T1 ) A VIEW TO SELL IT TO O!RS1 OR TO LI<T O!R M5'S C&LES BY IT = PAY1 AS TO PRODUCE IT = !IR [N USE 9 LABOR2 ?AT IF !Y W]E TO GIVE ! B5EFITS ( !IR LI<T TO O!RS GRATUIT\SLY1 OR IF O!RS C\LD AVAIL !MSELVES ( IT1 )\T MAK+ COMP5SATION1 ! PRODUC]S W\LD GET NO ADEQUATE COMP5SATION = ! LABOR ( PRODUC+ IT2 ?AT ! LI<T WAS VALUABLE TO O!RS1 AS WELL AS TO ! PRODUC]S1 & !RE=E O!RS1 IF !Y WI%$ TO USE ! LI<T1 C\LD AF=D1 & %\LD BE REQUIR$1 TO BE> A P>T ( ! CO/ ( PRODUC+ IT2 & ?AT IF !Y REFUS$ TO BE> ANY P>T ( ! CO/ ( ! LI<T1 !Y \<T NOT TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! B5EFITS ( IT4 

,BUT ! CASE ( LI<T+ ANO!R MAN'S C&LE BY \RS1 IS NOT /RICTLY ANALOG\S TO ! CASE ( \R FURNI%+ HIM A VALUABLE IDEA1 = HIS P]MAN5T USE & PR(IT4 ,!RE IS 9DE$ A SORT ( ANALOGY1 BETWE5 GIV+ A MAN LI<T = HIS EYES1 & LI<T = HIS M9D2 ESPECIALLY IF HE USE BO? K9DS ( LI<T 9 HIS LABOR4 ,BUT ! IMPORTANT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 LI<T+ A C&LE1 & FURNI%+ AN IDEA1 IS ?IS4 ,:5 WE SIMPLY LI<T A MAN'S C&LE = HIM1 WE DO NOT SUPPLY HIM1 AT \R [N CO/1 ) A P]MAN5T LI<T = USE4 ,WE ONLY IGNITE C]TA9 COMBU/IBLE MAT]IALS ( HIS [N2 & FROM !M ALONE HE D]IVES ! P]MAN5T LI<T1 :I* HE USES 9 LABOR4 ,IT IS !RE=E ONLY FROM ! COMBU/ION ( HIS [N PROP]TY1 ?AT HE OBTA9S ?AT P]MAN5T LI<T1 :I* ALONE WILL SUFFICE = HIS USES4 ,ALL ! S]VICE1 !RE=E1 :I* WE R5D] HIM1 IS ! EXCE$+LY TRIVIAL ONE ( SIMPLY IGNIT+ ?OSE MAT]IALS BY A MOM5T>Y CONTACT ) \R FLAME4 ,WE SUPPLY NONE ( ! MAT]IALS !MSELVES1 FROM ! COMBU/ION ( :I* HIS P]MAN5T & USEFUL LI<T IS D]IV$4 ,BUT 9 ! CASE ( ! IDEA1 WE DO FURNI% HIM ) ! P]MAN5T LI<T ITSELF1 BY ! AID ( :I* ALONE HE P]=MS HIS LABOR4 ,WE DO NOT1 AS 9 ! O!R CASE1 SIMPLY IGNITE HIS COMBU/IBLE MAT]IALS4 ,WE FURNI% ! P]MAN5T LI<T1 & ! :OLE LI<T1 AT \R [N SOLE CO/4 

,N[ ! SIMPLE IGNITION ( HIS COMBU/IBLE MAT]IALS1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! C&LE1 IS TOO TRIVIAL A S]VICE TO BE WOR? DEM&+ PAY = IT2 & TOO TRIVIAL ALSO TO COMM& A PRICE1 IF IT W]E DEM&$4 ,BUT ! FURNI%+ HIM A P]PETUAL LI<T1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! IDEA1 IS A S]VICE SUFFICI5TLY IMPORTANT TO BE WOR? DEM&+ A PRICE = IT2 & ALSO SUFFICI5TLY IMPORTANT TO COMM& A PRICE 9 ! M>KET4 ,& ?IS IS ! DIFF]5CE1 OR AT LEA/ ONE ( ! DIFF]5CES1 BETWE5 ! TWO CASES4 

,TO MAKE ! CASE ( ! MAT]IAL LI<T ANALOG\S TO ?AT ( ! 9TELLECTUAL LI<T1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y ?AT WE PRODUCE1 AT \R [N CO/1 A P]MAN5T MAT]IAL LI<T1 SU* AS WILL BE ( PRACTICAL UTILITY 9 LABOR4 ,HAV+ DONE ?IS1 A /RANG]1 :O HAD NO %>E 9 ! PRODUCTION ( ! LI<T1 CLAIMS ! RI<T TO COME 9TO \RLI<T1 & TO USE IT = ! PURPOSES ( HIS LABOR1 )\T \R CONS5T1 AGA9/ \R WILL1 & )\T MAK+ US ANY COMP5SATION4 ,WE D5Y HIS RI<T TO DO SO2 WE TELL HIM ! LI<T IS \R PROP]TY1 ! PRODUCT ( \R LABOR2 ?AT1 AS SU*1 WE HAVE A RI<T TO CONTROL IT1 & ITS USE2 ?AT WE PRODUC$ IT ) A VIEW TO SELL SO MU* ( IT AS WE DID NOT WI% TO USE2 & ?AT WE WILL P]MIT HIM TO USE IT ONLY ON HIS PAY+ US SU* A PRICE AS WE SEE FIT TO DEM&4 ,BUT HE REPLIES1 ?AT )9 ! SPH]E ( \R LI<T1 !RE IS ROOM1 :I* WE DO NOT OCCUPY1 & :]E ! LI<T GOES TO WA/E2 ?AT HIS OCCUPY+ ?IS VACANT SPACE1 & US+ ?IS WA/E LI<T1 WILL NOT 9T]F]E ) ! LI<T WE >E US+2 ?AT ! LI<T WILL BE JU/ AS /RONG1 :]E WE >E AT WORK1 AS IT WAS BE=E2 ?AT HE D5IES \R RI<T TO DEM& PAY = ! USE ( \R SURPLUS LI<T2 & ?AT !RE=E HE WILL USE IT1 & PAY US NO?+ = IT4 

,:I* P>TY H]E HAS ! LAW ON HIS SIDE1 ! PRODUC]S ( ! LI<T1 OR ! 9TRUD]8 ,C]TA9LY !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT ! LI<T IS ! PROP]TY ( ! PRODUC]S1 & ?AT NO ONE CAN CLAIM ! RI<T TO USE IT1 = ! PURPOSES ( HIS LABOR1 )\T !IR CONS5T4 ,& ! PR9CIPLE IS ! SAME 9 ! CASE ( ! 9TELLECTUAL LI<T4 

,TO MAKE ! ANALOGY /ILL CLOS]1 BETWE5 ! CASES ( ! MAT]IAL & ! 9TELLECTUAL LI<T1 & ESPECIALLY TO MAKE ! WRONG ( ! 9TRUD] MORE PALPABLE1 WE MU/ SUPPOSE ?AT WE HAVE PRODUC$ A PECULI> MAT]IAL LI<T2 & ?AT ?IS PECULI> LI<T IS 9DISP5SABLE = ! MANUFACTURE ( A PECULI> COMMODITY1 ?AT IS ( VALUE 9 ! M>KET4 ,WE1 BE+ ! SOLE PRODUC]S & POSSESSORS ( ?IS PECULI> LI<T1 5JOY A MONOPOLY ( ! MANUFACTURE & SALE ( ! PECULI> COMMODITIES MANUFACTUR$ BY ! AID ( IT4 ,! 9TRUD] N[ CLAIMS ! RI<T1 ) \T \R CONS5T1 TO COME 9TO \R LI<T1 & USE IT = ! MANUFACTURE ( ! SAME K9D ( COMMODITIES1 :I* WE >E MANUFACTUR+1 & :I* CAN BE MANUFACTUR$ ONLY BY \R LI<T2 & !N TO (F] ?OSE COMMODITIES 9 ! M>KET 9 COMPETITION ) \RS4 ,HE ?US CLAIMS1 NOT ONLY TO USE \R LI<T1 AGA9/ \R WILL1 & )\T MAK+ US ANY COMP5SATION1 BUT ALSO TO USE IT = A PURPOSE :I* IS PREJUDICIAL TO US1 BY R$UC+ ! M>KET VALUE ( ! COMMODITIES1 :I* WE \RSELVES MANUFACTURE BY IT4 ,HE ?US DOES US A D\BLE WRONG2 = HE NOT ONLY USES1 )\T \R CONS5T1 & )\T MAK+ US ANY COMP5SATION1 ! LI<T :I* WE ALONE HAVE PRODUC$2 BUT HE ALSO R$UCES ! PRACTICAL VALUE ( ! LI<T TO US1 = \R [N USES1 BY SELL+1 9 COMPETITION ) \RS1 ! COMMODITIES HE MANUFACTURES BY ITS AID4 

,IS !RE NO 9JU/ICE1 NO 9TRUSION1 NO USURPATION1 9 SU* CONDUCT AS ?IS8 ,MO/ CLE>LY !RE IS4 ,IF1 ,I BE+ AN 9NHOLD]1 A /RANG] W]E TO COME 9TO MY H\SE1 SEIZE UPON MY /ORES ( PROVISIONS1 COOK !M BY MY FIRE1 & !N SELL !M TO MY CU/OM]S1 9 COMPETITION ) ?OSE :I* ,I HAVE PROVID$ = !M1 ! 9TRUSION1 USURPATION1 9JU/ICE1 & ROBB]Y W\LD BE NO MORE FLAGRANT ?AN 9 ! CASE SUPPOS$4 ,YET NEI!R ( !SE CASES IS ANY MORE ?AN A P>ALLEL TO ?AT ( A MAN1 :O1 )\T MY CONS5T1 USES MY 9V5TION1 MY 9TELLECTUAL LI<T1 & MANUFACTURES COMMODITIES BY IT1 :I* HE O!RWISE C\LD NOT MANUFACTURE1 & !N SELLS !M 9 COMPETITION ) M9E4 

,F9ALLY4 ,IF ! DOCTR9E BE TRUE1 ?AT A MAN %\LD HAVE NO PAY = IMP>T+ KN[L$GE TO O!RS1 BECAUSE HE RETA9S ! SAME KN[L$GE HIMSELF1 !N A LAWY] %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS TO HIS CLI5T1 TO A JURY1 OR TO A JUDGE2 A PHYSICIAN %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS TO HIS PATI5T1 OR TO HIS PATI5T'S NURSE2 A PREA*] %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS TO HIS CONGREGATION2 A LECTUR] %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS TO HIS AUDI5CE2 A TEA*] %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS TO HIS S*OL>S2 A MA/] %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS TO HIS APPR5TICE2 A LEGISLATOR %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS TO HIS FELL[ LEGISLATORS1 OR TO ! C\NTRY1 BY HIS SPEE*ES2 A JUDGE %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE HE IMP>TS BY HIS JUDICIAL OP9IONS OR DECISIONS2 AU?ORS & $ITORS %\LD HAVE NO PAY = ! KN[L$GE !Y IMP>T BY !IR WRIT+S2 & SO ON 9DEF9ITELY4 

,BY ! SAME PR9CIPLE TOO1 A MUSICIAN %\LD *>GE NO?+ = HIS MUSIC1 BECAUSE HE LOSES NONE ( IT HIMSELF4 ,HE HE>S IT ALL1 & 5JOYS IT ALL1 ! SAME AS IF NO ONE ELSE W]E HE>+ IT1 OR 5JOY+ IT4 ,A PA9T] %\LD HAVE NO PAY = A VIEW ( HIS PICTURE1 BECAUSE HE DOES NOT !REBY LOSE ! VIEW ( IT HIMSELF4 ,A SCULPTOR %\LD HAVE NO PAY = EXHIBIT+ A /ATUE1 BECAUSE HE DOES NOT !REBY LOSE ! SI<T ( IT HIMSELF4 ,A SOLDI] %\LD HAVE NO PAY = A*IEV+ ! LIB]TIES ( HIS C\NTRY1 BECAUSE HE 5JOYS ALL ?OSE LIB]TIES HIMSELF1 & NONE ! LESS BECAUSE HIS FELL[ C\NTRYM51 :O /AY$ AT HOME :ILE HE WAS FI<T+1 5JOY !M TOO4 ,SU* >E SOME ( ! ABSURDITIES TO :I* ! DOCTR9E LEADS4 

,! >GUM5T ON ?IS PO9T MI<T BE EXT5D$ /ILL F>!R4 ,BUT ,I APPREH5D IT HAS ALREADY BE5 EXT5D$ F>!R ?AN WAS REALLY NECESS>Y4 ,! OBJECTIONS HAVE NO S\NDNESS 9 !M2 YET !Y HAVE PROBABLY AS MU* PLAUSIBILITY AS ANY ( ! OBJECTIONS ?AT W]E EV] BR\<T AGA9/ ONE'S RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 HIS IDEAS4 ,& ?IS IS ! REASON ,I HAVE FELT IT EXCUSABLE TO EXP5D SO MANY WORDS UPON !M4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ah$ 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #ab -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #ab -- ,ADD$4 

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