,*APT] #d ,*RI/IANITY ,MISUND]/OOD ,BY ,M5 ,( ,SCI5CE #ahidahid ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY ,TRANSLATOR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,CL>A ,G>NETT ,TEXT 3 ,ATTITUDE ( ,M5 ( ,SCI5CE TO ,RELIGIONS 9 ,G5]AL--,:AT ,RELIGION IS1 & ,:AT IS ITS ,SIGNIFICANCE = ! ,LIFE ( ,HUMANITY--,?REE ,CONCEPTIONS ( ,LIFE--,*RI/IAN ,RELIGION ! ,EXPRESSION ( ! ,DIV9E ,CONCEPTION ( ,LIFE--,MIS9T]PRETATION ( ,*RI/IANITY BY ,M5 ( ,SCI5CE1 :O ,/UDY IT 9 ITS ,EXT]NAL ,MANIFE/ATIONS ,DUE TO !IR ,CRITICIZ+ IT FROM ,/&PO9T ( ,SOCIAL ,CONCEPTION ( ,LIFE--,OP9ION1 ,RESULT+ FROM ?IS ,MIS9T]PRETATION1 ?AT ,*RI/'S ,MORAL ,TEA*+ IS ,EXAGG]AT$ & ,CANNOT BE PUT 9TO ,PRACTICE--,EXPRESSION ( ,DIV9E ,CONCEPTION ( ,LIFE 9 ! ,GOSPEL--,FALSE ,IDEAS ( ,M5 ( ,SCI5CE ON ,*RI/IANITY ,PROCE$ FROM !IR ,CONVICTION ?AT !Y HAVE AN ,9FALLIBLE ,ME?OD ( ,CRITICISM--,FROM :I* COME ,TWO ,MISCONCEPTIONS 9 ,REG>D TO ,*RI/IAN ,DOCTR9E--,FIR/ ,MISCONCEPTION1 ?AT ! ,TEA*+ ,CANNOT BE PUT 9TO ,PRACTICE1 ,DUE TO ! ,*RI/IAN ,RELIGION ,DIRECT+ ,LIFE 9 A ,WAY ,DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! ,SOCIAL ,!ORY ( ,LIFE--,*RI/IANITY HOLDS UP ,IDEAL1 DOES NOT LAY D[N ,RULES--,TO ! ,ANIMAL ,=CE ( ,MAN ,*RI/ ,ADDS ! ,CONSCI\SNESS ( A ,DIV9E ,=CE--,*RI/IANITY ,SEEMS TO ,DE/ROY ,POSSIBILITY ( ,LIFE ONLY :5 ! ,IDEAL HELD UP IS ,MI/AK5 = ,RULE--,IDEAL ,MU/ ,NOT BE ,L[]$--,LIFE1 ,ACCORD+ TO ,*RI/'S ,TEA*+1 IS ,MOVEM5T--,! ,IDEAL & ! ,PRECEPTS--,SECOND ,MISCONCEPTION ,%[N 9 ,REPLAC+ ,LOVE & ,S]VICE ( ,GOD BY ,LOVE & ,S]VICE ( ,HUMANITY--,M5 ( ,SCI5CE ,IMAG9E !IR ,DOCTR9E ( ,S]VICE ( ,HUMANITY & ,*RI/IANITY >E ,ID5TICAL--,DOCTR9E ( ,S]VICE ( ,HUMANITY ,BAS$ ON ,SOCIAL ,CONCEPTION ( ,LIFE--,LOVE = ,HUMANITY1 ,LOGICALLY ,D$UC$ FROM ,LOVE ( ,SELF1 HAS ,NO ,MEAN+ BECAUSE ,HUMANITY IS A ,FICTION--,*RI/IAN ,LOVE ,D$UC$ FROM ,LOVE ( ,GOD1 ,F9DS ITS ,OBJECT 9 ! :OLE ,WORLD1 NOT 9 ,HUMANITY ,ALONE--,*RI/IANITY ,TEA*ES ,MAN TO ,LIVE 9 ,ACCORDANCE ) HIS ,DIV9E ,NATURE--,IT ,%[S ?AT ! ,ESS5CE ( ! ,S\L ( ,MAN IS ,LOVE1 & ?AT HIS ,HAPP9ESS ,5SUES FROM ,LOVE ( ,GOD1 :OM HE ,RECOGNIZES AS ,LOVE )9 HIMSELF4 ,N[ ,I WILL SPEAK ( ! O!R VIEW ( ,*RI/IANITY :I* H9D]S ! TRUE UND]/&+ ( IT--! SCI5TIFIC VIEW4 ,*UR*M5 SUB/ITUTE = ,*RI/IANITY ! V]SION !Y HAVE FRAM$ ( IT = !MSELVES1 & ?IS VIEW ( ,*RI/IANITY !Y REG>D AS ! ONE 9FALLIBLY TRUE ONE4 ,M5 ( SCI5CE REG>D AS ,*RI/IANITY ONLY ! T5ETS HELD BY ! DIFF]5T *UR*ES 9 ! PA/ & PRES5T2 & F9D+ ?AT !SE T5ETS HAVE LO/ ALL ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ,*RI/IANITY1 !Y ACCEPT IT AS A RELIGION :I* HAS \TLIV$ ITS AGE4 ,TO SEE CLE>LY H[ IMPOSSIBLE IT IS TO UND]/& ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+ FROM SU* A PO9T ( VIEW1 ONE MU/ =M = ONESELF AN IDEA ( ! PLACE ACTUALLY HELD BY RELIGIONS 9 G5]AL1 BY ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION 9 P>TICUL>1 9 ! LIFE ( MANK9D1 & ( ! SIGNIFICANCE ATTRIBUT$ TO !M BY SCI5CE4 ,JU/ AS ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN CANNOT LIVE )\T HAV+ SOME !ORY ( ! MEAN+ ( HIS LIFE1 & IS ALWAYS1 ?\< (T5 UNCONSCI\SLY1 FRAM+ HIS CONDUCT 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! MEAN+ HE ATTRIBUTES TO HIS LIFE1 SO TOO ASSOCIATIONS ( M5 LIV+ 9 SIMIL> CONDITIONS--NATIONS--CANNOT BUT HAVE !ORIES ( ! MEAN+ ( !IR ASSOCIAT$ LIFE & CONDUCT 5SU+ FROM ?OSE !ORIES4 ,& AS ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN1 :5 HE ATTA9S A FRE% /AGE ( GR[?1 9EVITABLY *ANGES HIS PHILOSOPHY ( LIFE1 & ! GR[N-UP MAN SEES A DIFF]5T MEAN+ 9 IT FROM ! *ILD1 SO TOO ASSOCIATIONS ( M5--NATIONS-->E B\ND TO *ANGE !IR PHILOSOPHY ( LIFE & ! CONDUCT 5SU+ FROM !IR PHILOSOPHY1 TO CORRESPOND ) !IR DEVELOPM5T4 ,! DIFF]5CE1 AS REG>DS ?IS1 BETWE5 ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN & HUMANITY AS A :OLE1 LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL1 9 =M+ ! VIEW ( LIFE PROP] TO ! NEW P]IOD ( LIFE ON :I* HE IS 5T]+ & ! CONDUCT RESULT+ FROM IT1 B5EFITS BY ! EXP]I5CE ( M5 :O HAVE LIV$ BE=E HIM1 :O HAVE ALREADY PASS$ ?R\< ! /AGE ( GR[? UPON :I* HE IS 5T]+4 ,BUT HUMANITY CANNOT HAVE ?IS AID1 BECAUSE IT IS ALWAYS MOV+ ALONG A HI!RTO UNTRODD5 TRACK1 & HAS NO ONE TO ASK H[ TO UND]/& LIFE1 & TO ACT 9 ! CONDITIONS ON :I* IT IS 5T]+ & ?R\< :I* NO ONE HAS EV] PASS$ BE=E4 ,NEV]!LESS1 JU/ AS A MAN ) WIFE & *ILDR5 CANNOT CONT9UE TO LOOK AT LIFE AS HE LOOK$ AT IT :5 HE WAS A *ILD1 SO TOO 9 ! FACE ( ! V>I\S *ANGES ?AT >E TAK+ PLACE1 ! GREAT] D5SITY ( POPULATION1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( COMMUNICATION BETWE5 DIFF]5T PEOPLES1 ! IMPROVEM5TS ( ! ME?ODS ( ! /RUGGLE ) NATURE1 & ! ACCUMULATION ( KN[L$GE1 HUMANITY CANNOT CONT9UE TO LOOK AT LIFE AS ( OLD1 & IT MU/ FRAME A NEW !ORY ( LIFE1 FROM :I* CONDUCT MAY FOLL[ ADAPT$ TO ! NEW CONDITIONS ON :I* IT HAS 5T]$ & IS 5T]+4 ,TO MEET ?IS NE$ HUMANITY HAS ! SPECIAL P[] ( PRODUC+ M5 :O GIVE A NEW MEAN+ TO ! :OLE ( HUMAN LIFE--A !ORY ( LIFE FROM :I* FOLL[ NEW =MS ( ACTIVITY QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ALL PREC$+ !M4 ,! =MATION ( ?IS PHILOSOPHY ( LIFE APPROPRIATE TO HUMANITY 9 ! NEW CONDITIONS ON :I* IT IS 5T]+1 & ( ! PRACTICE RESULT+ FROM IT1 IS :AT IS CALL$ RELIGION4 ,& !RE=E1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 RELIGION IS NOT1 AS SCI5CE IMAG9ES1 A MANIFE/ATION :I* AT ONE TIME CORRESPOND$ ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY1 BUT IS AFT]W>DS \TGR[N BY IT4 ,IT IS A MANIFE/ATION ALWAYS 9H]5T 9 ! LIFE ( HUMANITY1 & IS AS 9DISP5SABLE1 AS 9H]5T 9 HUMANITY AT ! PRES5T TIME AS AT ANY O!R4 ,SECONDLY1 RELIGION IS ALWAYS ! !ORY ( ! PRACTICE ( ! FUTURE & NOT ( ! PA/1 & !RE=E IT IS CLE> ?AT 9VE/IGATION ( PA/ MANIFE/ATIONS CANNOT 9 ANY CASE GRASP ! ESS5CE ( RELIGION4 ,! ESS5CE ( EV]Y RELIGI\S TEA*+ LIES NOT 9 ! DESIRE = A SYMBOLIC EXPRESSION ( ! =CES ( NATURE1 NOR 9 ! DREAD ( !SE =CES1 NOR 9 ! CRAV+ = ! M>VEL\S1 NOR 9 ! EXT]NAL =MS 9 :I* IT IS MANIFE/$1 AS M5 ( SCI5CE IMAG9E2 ! ESS5CE ( RELIGION LIES 9 ! FACULTY ( M5 ( =ESEE+ & PO9T+ \T ! PA? ( LIFE ALONG :I* HUMANITY MU/ MOVE 9 ! DISCOV]Y ( A NEW !ORY ( LIFE1 AS A RESULT ( :I* ! :OLE FUTURE CONDUCT ( HUMANITY IS *ANG$ & DIFF]5T FROM ALL ?AT HAS BE5 BE=E4 ,?IS FACULTY ( =ESEE+ ! PA? ALONG :I* HUMANITY MU/ MOVE1 IS COMMON 9 A GREAT] OR LESS DEGREE TO ALL M54 ,BUT 9 ALL TIMES !RE HAVE BE5 M5 9 :OM ?IS FACULTY WAS ESPECIALLY /RONG1 & !SE M5 HAVE GIV5 CLE> & DEF9ITE EXPRESSION TO :AT ALL M5 FELT VAGUELY1 & =M$ A NEW PHILOSOPHY ( LIFE FROM :I* NEW L9ES ( ACTION FOLL[$ = HUNDR$S & ?\S&S ( YE>S4 ,( SU* PHILOSOPHIES ( LIFE WE KN[ ?REE2 TWO HAVE ALREADY BE5 PASS$ ?R\< BY HUMANITY1 & ! ?IRD IS ?AT WE >E PASS+ ?R\< N[ 9 ,*RI/IANITY4 ,!SE PHILOSOPHIES ( LIFE >E ?REE 9 NUMB]1 & ONLY ?REE1 NOT BECAUSE WE HAVE >BITR>ILY BR\I\S !ORIES ( LIFE TOGE!R UND] !SE ?REE HEADS1 BUT BECAUSE ALL M5'S ACTIONS >E ALWAYS BAS$ ON ONE ( !SE ?REE VIEWS ( LIFE--BECAUSE WE CANNOT VIEW LIFE O!RWISE ?AN 9 !SE ?REE WAYS4 ,!SE ?REE VIEWS ( LIFE >E AS FOLL[S3 ,FIR/1 EMBRAC+ ! 9DIVIDUAL1 OR ! ANIMAL VIEW ( LIFE2 SECOND1 EMBRAC+ ! SOCIETY1 OR ! PAGAN VIEW ( LIFE2 ?IRD1 EMBRAC+ ! :OLE WORLD1 OR ! DIV9E VIEW ( LIFE4 ,9 ! FIR/ !ORY ( LIFE A MAN'S LIFE IS LIMIT$ TO HIS ONE 9DIVIDUALITY2 ! AIM ( LIFE IS ! SATISFACTION ( ! WILL ( ?IS 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,9 ! SECOND !ORY ( LIFE A MAN'S LIFE IS LIMIT$ NOT TO HIS [N 9DIVIDUALITY1 BUT TO C]TA9 SOCIETIES & CLASSES ( 9DIVIDUALS3 TO ! TRIBE1 ! FAMILY1 ! CLAN1 ! NATION2 ! AIM ( LIFE IS LIMIT$ TO ! SATISFACTION ( ! WILL ( ?OSE ASSOCIATIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,9 ! ?IRD !ORY ( LIFE A MAN'S LIFE IS LIMIT$ NOT TO SOCIETIES & CLASSES ( 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT EXT5DS TO ! PR9CIPLE & S\RCE ( LIFE--TO ,GOD4 ,!SE ?REE CONCEPTIONS ( LIFE =M ! F\NDATION ( ALL ! RELIGI\S ?AT EXI/ OR HAVE EXI/$4 ,! SAVAGE RECOGNIZES LIFE ONLY 9 HIMSELF & HIS P]SONAL DESIRES4 ,HIS 9T]E/ 9 LIFE IS CONC5TRAT$ ON HIMSELF ALONE4 ,! HIE ALLI$ TO HIM--! F\ND]S ( HIS FAMILY1 HIS ANCE/ORS1 HIS RUL]S--& 9 WOR%IP+ GODS :O >E EXCLUSIVELY PROTECTORS ( HIS CLAN1 HIS FAMILY1 HIS NATION1 HIS GOV]NM5T .4 .<,FOOTNOTE3 ,! FACT ?AT SO MANY V>I$ =MS ( EXI/5CE1 AS ! LIFE ( ! FAMILY1 ( ! TRIBE1 ( ! CLAN1 ( ! /ATE1 & EV5 ! LIFE ( HUMANITY !ORETICALLY CONCEIV$ BY ! ,POSITIVI/S1 >E F\ND$ ON ?IS SOCIAL OR PAGAN !ORY ( LIFE1 DOES NOT DE/ROY ! UNITY ( ?IS !ORY ( LIFE4 ,ALL !SE V>I$ =MS ( LIFE >E F\ND$ ON ! SAME CONCEPTION1 ?AT ! LIFE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS NOT A SUFFICI5T AIM ( LIFE--?AT ! MEAN+ ( LIFE CAN BE F\ND ONLY 9 SOCIETIES ( 9DIVIDUALS4.> ,! MAN :O HOLDS ! DIV9E !ORY ( LIFE RECOGNIZES LIFE NOT 9 HIS [N 9DIVIDUALITY1 & NOT 9 SOCIETIES ( 9DIVIDUALITIES 79 ! FAMILY1 ! CLAN1 ! NATION1 ! TRIBE1 OR ! GOV]NM5T71 BUT 9 ! ET]NAL UNDY+ S\RCE ( LIFE--9 ,GOD2 & TO FULFILL ! WILL ( ,GOD HE IS READY TO SACRIFICE HIS 9DIVIDUAL & FAMILY & SOCIAL WELF>E4 ,! MOTOR P[] ( HIS LIFE IS LOVE4 ,& HIS RELIGION IS ! WOR%IP 9 DE$ & 9 TRU? ( ! PR9CIPLE ( ! :OLE--,GOD4 ,! :OLE HI/ORIC EXI/5CE ( MANK9D IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! GRADUAL TRANSITION FROM ! P]SONAL1 ANIMAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE TO ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 & FROM ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE TO ! DIV9E CONCEPTION ( LIFE4 ,! :OLE HI/ORY ( ! ANCI5T PEOPLES1 LA/+ ?R\< ?\S&S ( YE>S & 5D+ ) ! HI/ORY ( ,ROME1 IS ! HI/ORY ( ! TRANSITION FROM ! ANIMAL1 P]SONAL VIEW ( LIFE TO ! SOCIAL VIEW ( LIFE4 ,! :OLE ( HI/ORY FROM ! TIME ( ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE & ! APPE>ANCE ( ,*RI/IANITY IS ! HI/ORY ( ! TRANSITION1 ?R\< :I* WE >E /ILL PASS+ N[1 FROM ! SOCIAL VIEW ( LIFE TO ! DIV9E VIEW ( LIFE4 ,?IS VIEW ( LIFE IS ! LA/1 & F\ND$ UPON IT IS ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+1 :I* IS A GUIDE = ! :OLE ( \R LIFE & LIES AT ! ROOT ( ALL \R ACTIVITY1 PRACTICAL & !ORETIC4 ,YET M5 ( :AT IS FALSELY CALL$ SCI5CE1 PSEUDO-SCI5TIFIC M51 LOOK+ AT IT ONLY 9 ITS EXT]NALS1 REG>D IT AS SOME?+ \TGR[N & HAV+ NO VALUE = US4 ,R$UC+ IT TO ITS DOGMATIC SIDE ONLY--TO ! DOCTR9ES ( ! ,TR9ITY1 ! R$EMPTION1 ! MIRACLES1 ! ,*UR*1 ! SACRAM5TS1 & SO ON--M5 ( SCI5CE REG>D IT AS ONLY ONE ( AN IMM5SE NUMB] ( RELIGIONS :I* HAVE >IS5 AMONG MANK9D1 & N[1 !Y SAY1 HAV+ PLAY$ \T ITS P>T 9 HI/ORY1 IT IS \TLIV+ ITS [N AGE & FAD+ AWAY BE=E ! LIGE PROPORTION ( CASES1 =MS ! S\RCE ( ! GROSSE/ ]RORS ( MANK9D4 ,M5 ON A L[] LEVEL ( UND]/&+1 :5 BR\E TALK+ AB\T1 ! MORE CONFID5TLY & UNHESITAT+LY !Y PASS JUDGM5T ON IT4 ,TO ! MAJORITY ( LE>N$ !N1 LOOK+ AT ! LIV+1 MORAL TEA*+ ( ,*RI/ FROM ! L[] /&PO9T ( ! CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 ?IS DOCTR9E APPE>S AS NO?+ BUT V]Y 9DEF9ITE & 9CONGRU\S COMB9ATION ( ,9DIAN ASCETICISM1 ,/OIC & ,NEOPLATONIC PHILOSOPHY1 & 9SUB/ANTIAL ANTI-SOCIAL VISIONS1 :I* HAVE NO S]I\S SIGNIFICANCE = \R TIMES4 ,ITS :OLE MEAN+ IS CONC5TRAT$ = !M 9 ITS EXT]NAL MANIFE/ATIONS--9 ,CA?OLICISM1 ,PROTE/ANTISM1 9 C]TA9 DOGMAS1 OR 9 ! CONFLICT ) ! TEMPORAL P[]4 ,E/IMAT+ ! VALUE ( ,*RI/IANITY BY !SE PH5OM5A IS LIKE A DEAF MAN'S JUDG+ ( ! *>ACT] & QUALITY ( MUSIC BY SEE+ ! MOVEM5TS ( ! MUSICIANS4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS IS ?AT ALL !SE SCI5TIFIC M51 FROM ,KANT1 ,/RAUSS1 ,SP5C]1 & ,R5AN D[N1 DO NOT UND]/& ! MEAN+ ( ,*RI/'S SAY+S1 DO NOT UND]/& ! SIGNIFICANCE1 ! OBJECT1 OR ! REASON ( !IR UTT]ANCE1 DO NOT UND]/& EV5 ! QUE/ION TO :I* !Y =M ! ANSW]4 ,YET1 )\T EV5 TAK+ ! PA9S TO 5T] 9TO !IR MEAN+1 !Y REFUSE1 IF UNFAVORABLY DISPOS$1 TO RECOGNIZE ANY REASONABL5ESS 9 HIS DOCTR9ES2 OR IF !Y WANT TO TREAT !M 9DULG5TLY1 !Y CONDESC5D1 FROM ! HEIY TO \R MANN] ( LIFE4 0,& ! DOCTR9E ?AT ASKS TOO MU*1 & REQUIRES :AT CANNOT BE P]=M$1 IS WORSE ?AN ?AT :I* REQUIRES ( M5 :AT IS POSSIBLE & CONSI/5T ) !IR P[]S10 !SE LE>N$ 9T]PRET]S ( ,*RI/IANITY MA9TA91 REPEAT+ :AT WAS LONG AGO ASS]T$1 & C\LD NOT BUT BE ASS]T$1 BY ?OSE :O CRUCIFI$ ! ,TEA*] BECAUSE !Y DID NOT UND]/& HIM--! ,JEWS4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT 9 ! JUDGM5T ( ! LE>N$ M5 ( \R TIME ! ,HEBREW LAW--A TOO? = A TOO?1 & AN EYE = AN EYE--IS A LAW ( JU/ RETALIATION1 KN[N TO MANK9D FIVE ?\S& YE>S BE=E ! LAW ( HOL9ESS :I* ,*RI/ TAUS ( $UCATION 9 ,*RI/IANITY ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD1 AS REPRES5T$ BY ITS MO/ ADVANC$ ?9K]S1 HOLDS ! CONVICTION ?AT ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION IS A RELIGION ( DOGMAS2 ?AT ITS TEA*+ 9 RELATION TO LIFE IS UNREASONABLE1 & IS AN EXAGG]ATION1 SUBV]SIVE ( ! REAL LAWFUL OBLIGATIONS ( MORALITY CONSI/5T ) ! NATURE ( MAN2 & ?AT V]Y DOCTR9E ( RETRIBUTION :I* ,*RI/ REJECT$1 & 9 PLACE ( :I* HE PUT HIS TEA*+1 IS MORE PRACTICALLY USEFUL = US4 ,TO LE>N$ M5 ! DOCTR9E ( NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL BY =CE IS EXAGG]AT$ & EV5 IRRATIONAL4 ,*RI/IANITY IS MU* BETT] )\T IT1 !Y ?9K1 NOT OBS]V+ CLOSELY :AT ,*RI/IANITY1 AS REPRES5T$ BY !M1 AM\NTS TO4 ,!Y DO NOT SEE ?AT TO SAY ?AT ! DOCTR9E ( NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL IS AN EXAGG]ATION 9 ,*RI/'S TEA*+ IS JU/ LIKE SAY+ ?AT ! /ATEM5T ( ! EQUALITY ( ! RADII ( A CIRCLE IS AN EXAGG]ATION 9 ! DEF9ITION ( A CIRCLE4 ,& ?OSE :O SPEAK ?US >E ACT+ PRECISELY LIKE A MAN :O1 HAV+ NO IDEA ( :AT A CIRCLE IS1 %\LD DECL>E ?AT ?IS REQUIREM5T1 ?AT EV]Y PO9T ( ! CIRCUMF]5CE %\LD BE AN EQUAL DI/ANCE FROM ! C5T]1 IS EXAGG]AT$4 ,TO ADVOCATE ! REJECTION ( ,*RI/'S COMM& ( NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL1 OR ITS ADAPTATION TO ! NE$S ( LIFE1 IMPLIES A MISUND]/&+ ( ! TEA*+ ( ,*RI/4 ,& ?OSE :O DO SO C]TA9LY DO NOT UND]/& IT4 ,!Y DO NOT UND]/& ?AT ?IS TEA*+ IS ! 9/ITUTION ( A NEW !ORY ( LIFE1 CORRESPOND+ TO ! NEW CONDITIONS ON :I* M5 HAVE 5T]$ N[ = EIS1 & ALSO ! DEF9ITION ( ! NEW CONDUCT ( LIFE :I* RESULTS FROM IT4 ,!Y DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ,*RI/ MEANT TO SAY :AT HE SAID2 OR HE SEEMS TO !M TO HAVE SAID :AT HE SAID 9 ! ,S]MON ON ! ,M\NT & 9 O!R PLACES ACCID5TALLY1 OR ?R\< HIS LACK ( 9TELLIG5CE OR ( CULTIVATION4 .<,FOOTNOTE3 ,H]E1 = EXAMPLE1 IS A *>ACT]I/IC VIEW ( ?AT K9D FROM ! ,AM]ICAN J\RNAL ! ,>,5,A 7,OCTOB]1 #a#h#i73 0,NEW ,BASIS ( ,*UR* ,LIFE40 ,TREAT+ ( ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,S]MON ON ! ,M\NT & NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL 9 P>TICUL>1 ! AU?OR1 BE+ UND] NO NECESSITY1 LIKE ! ,*UR*M51 TO HIDE ITS SIGNIFICANCE1 SAYS3 0,*RI/ 9 FACT PREA*$ COMPLETE COMMUNISM & AN>*Y2 BUT ONE MU/ LE>N TO REG>D ,*RI/ ALWAYS 9 HIS HI/ORICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,LIKE EV]Y ADVOCATE ( ! LOVE ( HUMANITY1 ,*RI/ W5T TO ! FUR!/ EXTREME 9 HIS TEA*+4 ,EV]Y /EP =W>D T[>D ! MORAL P]FECTION ( HUMANITY IS ALWAYS GUID$ BY M5 :O SEE NO?+ BUT !IR VOCATION4 ,*RI/1 9 NO DISP>AG+ S5SE BE IT SAID1 HAD ! TYPICAL TEMP]AM5T ( SU* A RE=M]4 ,& !RE=E WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT HIS PRECEPTS CANNOT BE UND]/OOD LIT]ALLY AS A COMPLETE PHILOSOPHY ( LIFE4 ,WE \LY AS WE CAN 9 ! SPIRIT ( CRITICISM1 & !RE=E LET US CORRECT HIM4 ,ALL ?AT HE SAID AB\T MEEKNESS1 SACRIFICE1 L[L9ESS1 NOT C>+ = ! MORR[1 WAS SAID BY ACCID5T1 ?R\< LACK ( KN[+ H[ TO EXPRESS HIMSELF SCI5TIFICALLY4.> ,MATT4 VI4 #b#e-#c#d3 0,!RE=E ,I SAY UNTO Y\1 ,TAKE NO ?\NS2 YET Y\R HEAV5LY ,FA!R FE$E? !M4 ,>E YE NOT MU* BETT] ?AN !Y8 ,:I* ( Y\ BY TAK+ ?\RAY$ LIKE ONE ( !SE4 ,:]E=E1 IF ,GOD SO CLO! ! GRASS ( ! FIELD1 :I* TO-DAY IS1 & TO-MORR[ IS CA/ 9TO ! OV51 %ALL HE NOT MU* MORE CLO! Y\1 ,O YE ( LITTLE FAI?8 ,!RE=E TAKE NO ?\T BE ALSO40 ,SELL ALL ?\ HA/ & FOLL[ ME2 & HE :O WILL NOT LEAVE FA!R1 OR MO!R1 OR *ILDR51 OR BRO!RS1 OR FIELDS1 OR H\SE1 HE CANNOT BE MY DISCIPLE4 ,D5Y ?YSELF1 TAKE UP ?Y CROSS EA* DAY & FOLL[ ME4 ,MY MEAT IS TO DO ! WILL ( HIM ?AT S5T ME1 & TO P]=M HIS WORKS4 ,NOT MY WILL1 BUT ?9E BE DONE2 NOT :AT ,I WILL1 BUT AS ?\ WILT4 ,LIFE IS TO DO NOT ONE'S WILL1 BUT ! WILL ( ,GOD4 ,ALL !SE PR9CIPLES APPE> TO M5 :O REG>D !M FROM ! /&PO9T ( A L[] CONCEPTION ( LIFE AS ! EXPRESSION ( AN IMPULSIVE 5?USIASM1 HAV+ NO DIRECT APPLICATION TO LIFE4 ,!SE PR9CIPLES1 H[EV]1 FOLL[ FROM ! ,*RI/IAN !ORY ( LIFE1 JU/ AS LOGICALLY AS ! PR9CIPLES ( PAY+ A P>T ( ONE'S PRIVATE GA9S TO ! COMMONWEAL? & ( SACRIFIC+ ONE'S LIFE 9 DEF5SE ( ONE'S C\NTRY FOLL[ FROM ! /ATE !ORY ( LIFE4 ,AS ! MAN ( ! /ALE CONCEPTION ( LIFE SAID TO ! SAVAGE3 ,REFLECT1 BE?9K Y\RSELF6 ,! LIFE ( Y\R 9DIVIDUALITY CANNOT BE TRUE LIFE1 BECAUSE ?AT LIFE IS PITIFUL & PASS+4 ,BUT ! LIFE ( A SOCIETY & SUCCESSION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 FAMILY1 CLAN1 TRIBE1 OR /ATE1 GOES ON LIV+1 & !RE=E A MAN MU/ SACRIFICE HIS [N 9DIVIDUALITY = ! LIFE ( ! FAMILY OR ! /ATE4 ,9 EXACTLY ! SAME WAY ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E SAYS TO ! MAN ( ! SOCIAL1 /ATE CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 ,REP5T YE--.<,G,R,E,E,K ,W,O,R,D.>-I4 E41 BE?9K Y\RSELF1 OR Y\ WILL BE RU9$4 ,UND]/& ?AT ?IS CASUAL1 P]SONAL LIFE :I* N[ COMES 9TO BE+ & TO-MORR[ IS NO MORE CAN HAVE NO P]MAN5CE1 ?AT NO EXT]NAL MEANS1 NO CON/RUCTION ( IT CAN GIVE IT CONSECUTIV5ESS & P]MAN5CE4 ,TAKE ?\E LIV+ IS NOT REAL LIFE--! LIFE ( ! FAMILY1 ( SOCIETY1 ( ! /ATE WILL NOT SAVE Y\ FROM ANNIHILATION4 ,! TRUE1 ! RATIONAL LIFE IS ONLY POSSIBLE = MAN ACCORD+ TO ! MEASURE 9 :I* HE CAN P>TICIPATE1 NOT 9 ! FAMILY OR ! /ATE1 BUT 9 ! S\RCE ( LIFE--! ,FA!R2 ACCORD+ TO ! MEASURE 9 :I* HE CAN M]GE HIS LIFE 9 ! LIFE ( ! ,FA!R4 ,SU* IS UND\BT$LY ! ,*RI/IAN CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 VISIBLE 9 EV]Y UTT]ANCE ( ! ,GOSPEL4 .<,T,R,A,N,S,C,R,I,B,I,/',S ,N,O,T,E3 ,! ,G,R,E,E,K ,W,O,R,D ABOVE US$ ,GREEK LETT]S1 SPELL$3 MU-EPSILON-TAU-ALPHA-NU-OMICRON-ZETA-EPSILON-TAU- EPSILON.> ,ONE MAY NOT %>E ?IS VIEW ( LIFE1 ONE MAY REJECT IT1 ONE MAY %[ ITS 9ACCURACY & ITS ]RONE\SNESS1 BUT WE CANNOT JUDGE ( ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+ )\T MA/]+ ?IS VIEW ( LIFE4 ,/ILL LESS CAN ONE CRITICIZE A SUBJECT ON A HI<] PLANE FROM A L[] PO9T ( VIEW4 ,FROM ! BASEM5T ONE CANNOT JUDGE ( ! EFFECT ( ! SPIRE4 ,BUT ?IS IS JU/ :AT ! LE>N$ CRITICS ( ! DAY TRY TO DO4 ,= !Y %>E ! ]RONE\S IDEA ( ! OR?ODOX BELIEV]S ?AT !Y >E 9 POSSESSION ( C]TA9 9FALLIBLE MEANS = 9VE/IGAT+ A SUBJECT4 ,!Y FANCY IF !Y APPLY !IR SO-CALL$ SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS ( CRITICISM1 !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ( !IR CONCLUSION BE+ CORRECT4 ,?IS TE/+ ! SUBJECT BY ! FANCI$ 9FALLIBLE ME?OD ( SCI5CE IS ! PR9CIPAL OB/ACLE TO UND]/&+ ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION = UNBELIEV]S1 = SO-CALL$ $UCAT$ PEOPLE4 ,FROM ?IS FOLL[ ALL ! MI/AKES MADE BY SCI5TIFIC M5 AB\T ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 & ESPECIALLY TWO /RANGE MISCONCEPTIONS :I*1 MORE ?AN EV]Y?+ ELSE1 H9D] !M FROM A CORRECT UND]/&+ ( IT4 ,ONE ( !SE MISCONCEPTIONS IS ?AT ! ,*RI/IAN MORAL TEA*+ CANNOT BE C>RI$ \T1 & ?AT !RE=E IT HAS EI!R NO =CE AT ALL--?AT IS1 IT %\LD NOT BE ACCEPT$ AS ! RULE ( CONDUCT--OR IT MU/ BE TRANS=M$1 ADAPT$ TO ! LIMITS )9 :I* ITS FULFILLM5T IS POSSIBLE 9 \R SOCIETY4 ,ANO!R MISCONCEPTION IS ?AT ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E ( LOVE ( ,GOD1 & !RE=E ( HIS S]VICE1 IS AN OBSCURE1 MY/IC PR9CIPLE1 :I* GIVES NO DEF9ITE OBJECT = LOVE1 & %\LD !RE=E BE REPLAC$ BY ! MORE EXACT & COMPREH5SIBLE PR9CIPLES ( LOVE = M5 & ! S]VICE ( HUMANITY4 ,! FIR/ MISCONCEPTION 9 REG>D TO ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( FOLL[+ ! PR9CIPLE IS ! RESULT ( M5 ( ! /ATE CONCEPTION ( LIFE UNCONSCI\SLY TAK+ ?AT CONCEPTION AS ! /&>D BY :I* ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION DIRECTS M51 & TAK+ ! ,*RI/IAN PR9CIPLE ( P]FECTION AS ! RULE BY :I* ?AT LIFE IS TO BE ORD]$2 !Y ?9K & SAY ?AT TO FOLL[ ,*RI/'S TEA*+ IS IMPOSSIBLE1 BECAUSE ! COMPLETE FULFILLM5T ( ALL ?AT IS REQUIR$ BY ?IS TEA*+ W\LD PUT AN 5D TO LIFE4 0,IF A MAN W]E TO C>RY \T ALL ?AT ,*RI/ TEA*ES1 HE W\LD DE/ROY HIS [N LIFE2 & IF ALL M5 C>RI$ IT \T1 !N ! HUMAN RACE W\LD COME TO AN 5D10 !Y SAY4 0,IF WE TAKE NO ?\E P]FECTLY RIRY \T ! RULE ( PAY+ TAXES1 SUPPORT+ ! LAW1 & SO ON4 ,! MISCONCEPTION IS BAS$ PRECISELY ON ! FACT ?AT ! TEA*+ ( ,*RI/ GUIDES M5 DIFF]5TLY FROM ! WAY 9 :I* ! PRECEPTS F\ND$ ON ! L[] CONCEPTION ( LIFE GUIDE M54 ,! PRECEPTS ( ! /ATE CONCEPTION ( LIFE ONLY GUIDE M5 BY REQUIR+ ( !M AN EXACT FULFILLM5T ( RULES OR LAWS4 ,*RI/'S TEA*+ GUIDES M5 BY PO9T+ !M TO ! 9F9ITE P]FECTION ( !IR HEAV5LY ,FA!R1 TO :I* EV]Y MAN 9DEP5D5TLY & VOLUNT>ILY /RUGGLES1 :ATEV] ! DEGREE ( HIS IMP]FECTION 9 ! PRES5T4 ,! MISUND]/&+ ( M5 :O JUDGE ( ! ,*RI/IAN PR9CIPLE FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! /ATE PR9CIPLE1 CONSI/S 9 ! FACT ?AT ON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT ! P]FECTION :I* ,*RI/ PO9TS TO1 CAN BE FULLY ATTA9$1 !Y ASK !MSELVES 7JU/ AS !Y ASK ! SAME QUE/ION ON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT /ATE LAWS WILL BE C>RI$ \T7 :AT WILL BE ! RESULT ( ALL ?IS BE+ C>RI$ \T8 ,?IS SUPPOSITION CANNOT BE MADE1 BECAUSE ! P]FECTION HELD UP TO ,*RI/IANS IS 9F9ITE & CAN NEV] BE ATTA9$2 & ,*RI/ LAYS D[N HIS PR9CIPLE1 HAV+ 9 VIEW ! FACT ?AT ABSOLUTE P]FECTION CAN NEV] BE ATTA9$1 BUT ?AT /RIV+ T[>D ABSOLUTE1 9F9ITE P]FECTION WILL CONT9UALLY 9CREASE ! BLESS$NESS ( M51 & ?AT ?IS BLESS$NESS MAY BE 9CREAS$ TO 9F9ITY !REBY4 ,*RI/ IS TEA*+ NOT ANGELS1 BUT M51 LIV+ & MOV+ 9 ! ANIMAL LIFE4 ,& SO TO ?IS ANIMAL =CE ( MOVEM5T ,*RI/1 AS IT W]E1 APPLIES ! NEW =CE-! RECOGNITION ( ,DIV9E P]FECTION-& !REBY DIRECTS ! MOVEM5T BY ! RESULTANT ( !SE TWO =CES44 ,TO SUPPOSE ?AT HUMAN LIFE IS GO+ 9 ! DIRECTION TO :I* ,*RI/ PO9T$ IT1 IS JU/ LIKE SUPPOS+ ?AT A LITTLE BOAT AFLOAT ON A RABID RIV]1 & DIRECT+ ITS C\RSE ALMO/ EXACTLY AGA9/ ! CURR5T1 WILL PROGRESS 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,*RI/ RECOGNIZES ! EXI/5CE ( BO? SIDES ( ! P>ALLELOGRAM1 ( BO? ET]NAL 9DE/RUCTIBLE =CES ( :I* ! LIFE ( MAN IS COMP\ND$3 ! =CE ( HIS ANIMAL NATURE & ! =CE ( ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ,K9%IP TO ,GOD4 ,SAY+ NO?+ ( ! ANIMAL =CE :I* ASS]TS ITSELF1 REMA9S ALWAYS ! SAME1 & IS !RE=E 9DEP5D5T ( HUMAN WILL1 ,*RI/ SPEAKS ONLY ( ! ,DIV9E =CE1 CALL+ UPON A MAN TO KN[ IT MORE CLOSELY1 TO SET IT MORE FREE FROM ALL ?AT RET>DS IT1 & TO C>RY IT TO A HI<] DEGREE ( 9T5SITY4 ,9 ! PROCESS ( LIB]AT+1 ( /R5G!N+ ?IS =CE1 ! TRUE LIFE ( MAN1 ACCORD+ TO ,*RI/'S TEA*+1 CONSI/S4 ,! TRUE LIFE1 ACCORD+ TO PREC$+ RELIGIONS1 CONSI/S 9 C>RY+ \T RULES1 ! LAW2 ACCORD+ TO ,*RI/'S TEA*+ IT CONSI/S 9 AN EV] CLOS] APPROXIMATION TO ! DIV9E P]FECTION HELD UP BE=E EV]Y MAN1 & RECOGNIZ$ )9 HIMSELF BY EV]Y MAN1 9 AN EV] CLOS] & CLOS] APPROA* TO ! P]FECT FUSION ( HIS WILL 9 ! WILL ( ,GOD1 ?AT FUSION T[>D :I* MAN /RIVES1 & ! ATTA9M5T ( :I* W\LD BE ! DE/RUCTION ( ! LIFE ME KN[4 ,! DIV9E P]FECTION IS ! ASYMPTOTE ( HUMAN LIFE TO :I* IT IS ALWAYS /RIV+1 & ALWAYS APPROA*+1 ?\< IT CAN ONLY BE REA*$ 9 9F9ITY4 ,! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION SEEMS TO EXCLUDE ! POSSIBILITY ( LIFE ONLY :5 M5 MI/AKE ! PO9T+ TO AN IDEAL AS ! LAY+ D[N ( A RULE4 ,IT IS ONLY !N ?AT ! PR9CIPLES PRES5T$ 9 ,*RI/'S TEA*+ APPE> TO BE DE/RUCTIVE ( LIFE4 ,!SE PR9CIPLES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 >E ! ONLY ONES ?AT MAKE TRUE LIFE POSSIBLE4 ,)\T !SE PR9CIPLES TRUE LIFE C\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE4 0,ONE \T2 ONE NE$ NOT AIM AT VIRG9ITY1 BUT ONE MU/ AVOID DEBAU*]Y2 ONE NE$ NOT =SAKE WIFE & *ILDR51 BUT ONE MU/ NOT GIVE TOO GREAT A PLACE TO !M 9 ONE'S HE>T10 & SO ON4 ,BUT TO SPEAK LIKE ?IS IS JU/ LIKE TELL+ A MAN :O IS /RUGGL+ ON A SWIFT RIV] & IS DIRECT+ HIS C\RSE AGA9/ ! CURR5T1 ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO CROSS ! RIV] R[+ AGA9/ ! CURR5T1 & ?AT TO CROSS IT HE MU/ FLOAT 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! PO9T HE WANTS TO REA*4 ,9 REALITY1 9 ORD] TO REA* ! PLACE TO :I* HE WANTS TO GO1 HE MU/ R[ ) ALL HIS /R5G? T[>D A PO9T MU* HI<] UP4 ,TO LET GO ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! IDEAL MEANS NOT ONLY TO DIM9I% ! POSSIBILITY ( P]FECTION1 BUT TO MAKE AN 5D ( ! IDEAL ITSELF4 ,! IDEAL ?AT HAS P[] OV] M5 IS NOT AN IDEAL 9V5T$ BY SOMEONE1 BUT ! IDEAL ?AT EV]Y MAN C>RIES )9 HIS S\L4 ,ONLY ?IS IDEAL ( COMPLETE 9F9ITE P]FECTION HAS P[] OV] M51 & /IMULATES !M TO ACTION4 ,A MOD]ATE P]FECTION LOSES ITS P[] ( 9FLU5C+ M5'S HE>TS4 ,*RI/'S TEA*+ ONLY HAS P[] :5 IT DEM&S ABSOLUTE P]FECTION--?AT IS1 ! FUSION ( ! DIV9E NATURE :I* EXI/S 9 EV]Y MAN'S S\L ) ! WILL ( ,GOD--! UNION ( ! ,SON ) ! ,FA!R4 ,LIFE ACCORD+ TO ,*RI/'S TEA*+ CONSI/S ( NO?+ BUT ?IS SETT+ FREE ( ! ,SON ( ,GOD1 EXI/+ 9 EV]Y MAN1 FROM ! ANIMAL1 & 9 BR++ HIM CLOS] TO ! ,FA!R4 ,! ANIMAL EXI/5CE ( A MAN DOES NOT CON/ITUTE HUMAN LIFE ALONE4 ,LIFE1 ACCORD+ TO ! WILL ( ,GOD ONLY1 IS ALSO NOT HUMAN LIFE4 ,HUMAN LIFE IS A COMB9ATION ( ! ANIMAL LIFE & ! DIV9E LIFE4 ,& ! MORE ?IS COMB9ATION APPROA*ES TO ! DIV9E LIFE1 ! MORE LIFE !RE IS 9 IT4 ,LIFE1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 IS A PROGRESS T[>D ! DIV9E P]FECTION4 ,NO ONE CONDITION1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS DOCTR9E1 CAN BE HI<] OR L[] ?AN ANO!R4 ,EV]Y CONDITION1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS DOCTR9E1 IS ONLY A P>TICUL> /AGE1 ( NO CONSEQU5CE 9 ITSELF1 ON ! WAY T[>D UNATTA9ABLE P]FECTION1 & !RE=E 9 ITSELF IT DOES NOT IMPLY A GREAT] OR LESS] DEGREE ( LIFE4 ,9CREASE ( LIFE1 ACCORD+ TO ?IS1 CONSI/S 9 NO?+ BUT ! QUICK5+ ( ! PROGRESS T[>D P]FECTION4 ,& !RE=E ! PROGRESS T[>D P]FECTION ( ! PUBLICAN ,ZAC*EUS1 ( ! WOMAN ?AT WAS A S9N]1 & ( ! ROBB] ON ! CROSS1 IMPLIES A HI<] DEGREE ( LIFE ?AN ! /AGNANT RIISEE4 ,& !RE=E = ?IS RELIGION !RE CANNOT BE RULES :I* IT IS OBLIGATORY TO OBEY4 ,! MAN :O IS AT A L[] LEVEL BUT IS MOV+ ONW>D T[>D P]FECTION IS LIV+ A MORE MORAL1 A BETT] LIFE1 IS MORE FULLY C>RY+ \T ,*RI/'S TEA*+1 ?AN ! MAN ON A MU* HI<] LEVEL ( MORALITY :O IS NOT MOV+ ONW>D T[>D P]FECTION4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT ! LO/ %EEP IS DE>] TO ! ,FA!R ?AN ?OSE ?AT W]E NOT LO/4 ,! PRODIGAL SON1 ! PIECE ( MONEY LO/ & F\ND AGA91 W]E MORE PRECI\S ?AN ?OSE ?AT W]E NOT LO/4 ,! FULFILLM5T ( ,*RI/'S TEA*+ CONSI/S 9 MOV+ AWAY FROM SELF T[>D ,GOD4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT !RE CANNOT BE DEF9ITE LAWS & RULES = ?IS FULFILLM5T ( ! TEA*+4 ,EV]Y DEGREE ( P]FECTION & EV]Y DEGREE ( IMP]FECTION >E EQUAL 9 IT2 NO OB$I5CE TO LAWS CON/ITUTES A FULFILLM5T ( ?IS DOCTR9E1 & !RE=E = IT !RE CAN BE NO B9D+ RULES & LAWS4 ,FROM ?IS FUNDAM5TAL DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! RELIGION ( ,*RI/ & ALL PREC$+ RELIGIONS BAS$ ON ! /ATE CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 FOLL[S A CORRESPOND+ DIFF]5CE 9 ! SPECIAL PRECEPTS ( ! /ATE !ORY & ! ,*RI/IAN PRECEPTS4 ,! PRECEPTS ( ! /ATE !ORY ( LIFE 9SI/ = ! MO/ P>T ON C]TA9 PRACTICAL PRESCRIB$ ACTS1 BY :I* M5 >E JU/IFI$ & SECURE ( BE+ RIE ! FIVE COMM&M5TS ( ! ,S]MON ON ! ,M\NT--ALL NEGATIVE 9 *>ACT]4 ,!Y %[ ONLY :AT AT A C]TA9 /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY M5 MAY NOT DO4 ,!SE COMM&M5TS >E1 AS IT W]E1 SIGNPO/S ON ! 5DLESS ROAD TO P]FECTION1 T[>D :I* HUMANITY IS MOV+1 %[+ ! PO9T ( P]FECTION :I* IS POSSIBLE AT A C]TA9 P]IOD 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY4 ,*RI/ HAS GIV5 EXPRESSION 9 ! ,S]MON ON ! ,M\NT TO ! ET]NAL IDEAL T[>D :I* M5 >E SPONTANE\SLY /RUGGL+1 & ALSO ! DEGREE ( ATTA9M5T ( IT TO :I* M5 MAY REA* 9 \R TIMES4 ,! IDEAL IS NOT TO DESIRE TO DO ILL TO ANYONE1 NOT TO PROVOKE ILL WILL1 TO LOVE ALL M54 ,! PRECEPT1 %[+ ! LEVEL BEL[ :I* WE CANNOT FALL 9 ! ATTA9M5T ( ?IS IDEAL1 IS ! PROHIBITION ( EVIL SPEAK+4 ,& ?AT IS ! FIR/ COMM&4 ,! IDEAL IS P]FECT *A/ITY1 EV5 9 ?\RI$ LIFE1 AVOIDANCE ( DEBAU*]Y4 ,?AT IS ! SECOND COMM&4 ,! IDEAL IS TO TAKE NO ?\+1 ( PROMIS+ ANY?+ 9 ! FUTURE4 ,& ?AT IS ! ?IRD COMM&4 ,! IDEAL IS NEV] = ANY PURPOSE TO USE =CE4 ,! PRECEPT1 %[+ ! LEVEL BEL[ :I* WE CANNOT FALL IS ?AT ( RETURN+ GOOD = EVIL1 BE+ PATI5T UND] WRONG1 GIV+ ! CLOAK ALSO4 ,?AT IS ! F\R? COMM&4 ,! IDEAL IS TO LOVE ! 5EMIES :O HATE US4 ,! PRECEPT1 %[+ ! LEVEL BEL[ :I* WE CANNOT FALL1 IS NOT TO DO EVIL TO \R 5EMIES1 TO SPEAK WELL ( !M1 & TO MAKE NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !M & \R NEIE 9DICATIONS ( :AT1 ON \R J\RNEY TO P]FECTION1 WE >E ALREADY FULLY ABLE TO AVOID1 & :AT WE MU/ LABOR TO ATTA9 N[1 & :AT WE \ FROM CON/ITUT+ ! :OLE ( ,*RI/'S TEA*+ & EXHAU/+ IT1 >E SIMPLY /AGES ON ! WAY TO P]FECTION4 ,!SE PRECEPTS MU/ & WILL BE FOLL[$ BY HI<] & HI<] PRECEPTS ON ! WAY TO ! P]FECTION HELD UP BY ! RELIGION4 ,& !RE=E IT IS ESS5TIALLY A P>T ( ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION TO MAKE DEM&S HI<] ?AN ?OSE EXPRESS$ 9 ITS PRECEPTS2 & BY NO MEANS TO DIM9I% ! DEM&S EI!R ( ! IDEAL ITSELF1 OR ( ! PRECEPTS1 AS PEOPLE IMAG9E :O JUDGE IT FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE4 ,SO MU* = ONE MISUND]/&+ ( ! SCI5TIFIC M51 9 RELATION TO ! IMPORT & AIM ( ,*RI/'S TEA*+4 ,ANO!R MISUND]/&+ >IS+ FROM ! SAME S\RCE CONSI/S 9 SUB/ITUT+ LOVE = M51 ! S]VICE ( HUMANITY1 = ! ,*RI/IAN PR9CIPLES ( LOVE = ,GOD & HIS S]VICE4 ,! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E TO LOVE ,GOD & S]VE HIM1 & ONLY AS A RESULT ( ?AT LOVE TO LOVE & S]VE ONE'S NEIBITR>Y4 ,& !Y W\LD ABSOLUTELY EXCLUDE ! OBLIGATION ( LOVE & S]VICE ( ,GOD1 HOLD+ ?AT ! DOCTR9E ( LOVE = M51 = HUMANITY ALONE1 IS F> MORE CLE>1 TANGIBLE1 & REASONABLE4 ,SCI5TIFIC M5 TEA* 9 !ORY ?AT ! ONLY GOOD & RATIONAL LIFE IS ?AT :I* IS DEVOT$ TO ! S]VICE ( ! :OLE ( HUMANITY4 ,?AT IS = !M ! IMPORT ( ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E1 & TO ?AT !Y R$UCE ,*RI/'S TEA*+4 ,!Y SEEK CONFIRMATION ( !IR [N DOCTR9E 9 ! ,GOSPEL1 ON ! SUPPOSITION ?AT ! TWO DOCTR9ES >E REALLY ! SAME4 ,?IS IDEA IS AN ABSOLUTELY MI/AK5 ONE4 ,! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! DOCTR9E ( ! ,POSITIVI/S1 ,COMMUNI/S1 & ALL ! APO/LES ( ! UNIV]SAL BRO!RHOOD ( MANK9D1 BAS$ ON ! G5]AL ADVANTAGE ( SU* A BRO!RHOOD4 ,!Y DIFF] FROM ONE ANO!R ESPECIALLY 9 ,*RI/IANITY'S HAV+ A FIRM & CLE> BASIS 9 ! HUMAN S\L1 :ILE LOVE = HUMANITY IS ONLY A !ORETICAL D$UCTION FROM ANALOGY4 ,! DOCTR9E ( LOVE = HUMANITY ALONE IS BAS$ ON ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE4 ,! ESS5CE ( ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE CONSI/S 9 ! TRANSF]5CE ( ! AIM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL LIFE TO ! LIFE ( SOCIETIES ( 9DIVIDUALS3 FAMILY1 CLAN1 TRIBE1 OR /ATE4 ,?IS TRANSF]5CE IS ACCOMPLI%$ EASILY & NATURALLY 9 ITS E>LIE/ =MS1 9 ! TRANSF]5CE ( ! AIM ( LIFE FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! FAMILY & ! CLAN4 ,! TRANSF]5CE TO ! TRIBE OR ! NATION IS MORE DIFFICULT & REQUIRES SPECIAL TRA9+4 ,& ! TRANSF]5CE ( ! S5TIM5T TO ! /ATE IS ! FUR!/ LIMIT :I* ! PROCESS CAN REA*4 ,TO LOVE ONE'S SELF IS NATURAL TO EV]YONE1 & NO ONE NE$S ANY 5C\RAGEM5T TO DO SO4 ,TO LOVE ONE'S CLAN :O SUPPORT & PROTECT ONE1 TO LOVE ONE'S WIFE1 ! JOY & HELP ( ONE'S EXI/5CE1 ONE'S *ILDR51 ! HOPE & CONSOLATION ( ONE'S LIFE1 & ONE'S P>5TS1 :O HAVE GIV5 ONE LIFE & $UCATION1 IS NATURAL4 ,& SU* LOVE1 ?\< F> FROM BE+ SO /RONG AS LOVE ( SELF1 IS MET ) PRETTY (T54 ,TO LOVE--= ONE'S [N SAKE1 ?R\< P]SONAL PRIDE--ONE'S TRIBE1 ONE'S NATION1 ?\< NOT SO NATURAL1 IS NEV]!LESS COMMON4 ,LOVE ( ONE'S [N PEOPLE :O >E ( ! SAME BLOOD1 ! SAME TONGUE1 & ! SAME RELIGION AS ONE'S SELF IS POSSIBLE1 ?\< F> FROM BE+ SO /RONG AS LOVE ( SELF1 OR EV5 LOVE ( FAMILY OR CLAN4 ,BUT LOVE = A /ATE1 SU* AS ,TURKEY1 ,G]MANY1 ,5GL&1 ,AU/RIA1 OR ,RUSSIA IS A ?+ ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE4 ,& ?\< IT IS ZEAL\SLY 9CULCAT$1 IT IS ONLY AN IMAG9$ S5TIM5T2 IT HAS NO EXI/5CE 9 REALITY4 ,& AT ?AT LIMIT MAN'S P[] ( TRANSF]R+ HIS 9T]E/ CEASES1 & HE CANNOT FEEL ANY DIRECT S5TIM5T = ?AT FICTITI\S 5TITY4 ,! ,POSITIVI/S1 H[EV]1 & ALL ! APO/LES ( FRAT]NITY ON SCI5TIFIC PR9CIPLES1 )\T TAK+ 9TO CONSID]ATION ! WEAK5+ ( S5TIM5T 9 PROPORTION TO ! EXT5SION ( ITS OBJECT1 DRAW FUR!R D$UCTIONS 9 !ORY 9 ! SAME DIRECTION4 0,S9CE10 !Y SAY1 0IT WAS = ! ADVANTAGE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO EXT5D HIS P]SONAL 9T]E/ TO ! FAMILY1 ! TRIBE1 & SUBSEQU5TLY TO ! NATION & ! /ATE1 IT W\LD BE /ILL MORE ADVANTAGE\S TO EXT5D HIS 9T]E/ 9 SOCIETIES ( M5 TO ! :OLE ( MANK9D1 & SO ALL TO LIVE = HUMANITY JU/ AS M5 LIVE = ! FAMILY OR ! /ATE40 ,!ORETICALLY IT FOLL[S1 9DE$1 HAV+ EXT5D$ ! LOVE & 9T]E/ = ! P]SONALITY TO ! FAMILY1 ! TRIBE1 & !NCE TO ! NATION & ! /ATE1 IT W\LD BE P]FECTLY LOGICAL = M5 TO SAVE !MSELVES ! /RIFE & CALAMITIES :I* RESULT FROM ! DIVISION ( MANK9D 9TO NATIONS & /ATES BY EXT5D+ !IR LOVE TO ! :OLE ( HUMANITY4 ,?IS W\LD BE MO/ LOGICAL1 & !ORETICALLY NO?+ W\LD APPE> MORE NATURAL TO ITS ADVOCATES1 :O DO NOT OBS]VE ?AT LOVE IS A S5TIM5T :I* MAY OR MAY NOT BE FELT1 BUT :I* IT IS USELESS TO ADVOCATE2 & MOREOV]1 ?AT LOVE MU/ HAVE AN OBJECT1 & ?AT HUMANITY IS NOT AN OBJECT4 ,IT IS NO?+ BUT A FICTION4 ,! FAMILY1 ! TRIBE1 EV5 ! /ATE W]E NOT 9V5T$ BY M51 BUT =M$ !MSELVES SPONTANE\SLY1 LIKE ANT-HILLS OR SW>MS ( BEES1 & HAVE A REAL EXI/5CE4 ,! MAN :O1 = ! SAKE ( HIS [N ANIMAL P]SONALITY1 LOVES HIS FAMILY1 KN[S :OM HE LOVES3 ,ANNA1 ,DOLLY1 ,JOHN1 ,PET]1 & SO ON4 ,! MAN :O LOVES HIS TRIBE & TAKES PRIDE 9 IT1 KN[S ?AT HE LOVES ALL ! ,GUELPHS OR ALL ! ,IS1 & ITS HI/ORY & SO ON4 ,BUT ! MAN :O LOVES HUMANITY--:AT DOES HE LOVE8 ,!RE IS SU* A ?+ AS A /ATE1 AS A NATION2 !RE IS ! AB/RACT CONCEPTION ( MAN2 BUT HUMANITY AS A CONCRETE IDEA DOES NOT1 & CANNOT EXI/4 ,HUMANITY6 ,:]E IS ! DEF9ITION ( HUMANITY8 ,:]E DOES IT 5D & :]E DOES IT BEG98 ,DOES HUMANITY 5D ) ! SAVAGE1 ! IDIOT1 ! DIPSOMANIAC1 OR ! MADMAN8 ,IF WE DRAW A L9E EXCLUD+ FROM HUMANITY ITS L[E/ REPRES5TATIVES1 :]E >E WE TO DRAW ! L9E8 ,%ALL WE EXCLUDE ! NEGROES LIKE ! ,AM]ICANS1 OR ! ,H9DUS LIKE SOME ,5GLI%M51 OR ! ,JEWS LIKE SOME O!RS8 ,IF WE 9CLUDE ALL M5 )\T EXCEPTION1 :Y %\LD WE NOT 9CLUDE ALSO ! HI<] ANIMALS1 MANY ( :OM >E SUP]IOR TO ! L[E/ SPECIM5S ( ! HUMAN RACE4 ,WE KN[ NO?+ ( HUMANITY AS AN ET]NAL OBJECT1 & WE KN[ NO?+ ( ITS LIMITS4 ,HUMANITY IS A FICTION1 & IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO LOVE IT4 ,IT W\LD1 D\BTLESS1 BE V]Y ADVANTAGE\S IF M5 C\LD LOVE HUMANITY JU/ AS !Y LOVE !IR FAMILY4 ,IT W\LD BE V]Y ADVANTAGE\S1 AS ,COMMUNI/S ADVOCATE1 TO REPLACE ! COMPETITIVE1 9DIVIDUALI/IC ORGANIZATION ( M5'S ACTIVITY BY A SOCIAL UNIV]SAL ORGANIZATION1 SO ?AT EA* W\LD BE = ALL & ALL = EA*4 ,ONLY !RE >E NO MOTIVES TO LEAD M5 TO DO ?IS4 ,! ,POSITIVI/S1 ! ,COMMUNI/S1 & ALL ! APO/LES ( FRAT]NITY ON SCI5TIFIC PR9CIPLES ADVOCATE ! EXT5SION TO ! :OLE ( HUMANITY ( ! LOVE M5 FEEL = !MSELVES1 !IR FAMILIES1 & ! /ATE4 ,!Y =GET ?AT ! LOVE :I* !Y >E DISCUSS+ IS A P]SONAL LOVE1 :I* MIEFI$ =M TO EMBRACE A MAN'S NATIVE C\NTRY1 BUT :I* DISAPPE>S BE=E IT CAN EMBRACE AN >TIFICIAL /ATE SU* AS ,AU/RIA1 ,5GL&1 OR ,TURKEY1 & :I* WE CANNOT EV5 CONCEIVE ( 9 RELATION TO ALL HUMANITY1 AN ABSOLUTELY MY/IC CONCEPTION4 0,A MAN LOVES HIMSELF 7HIS ANIMAL P]SONALITY71 HE LOVES HIS FAMILY1 HE EV5 LOVES HIS NATIVE C\NTRY4 ,:Y %\LD HE NOT LOVE HUMANITY8 ,?AT W\LD BE SU* AN EXCELL5T ?+4 ,& BY ! WAY1 IT IS PRECISELY :AT IS TAUGUM5T LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 ON :I* LOVE = FAMILY & NATION IS F\ND$1 RE/S ITSELF ON LOVE ( SELF1 & ?AT LOVE GR[S WEAK] & WEAK] AS IT IS EXT5D$ FROM SELF TO FAMILY1 TRIBE1 NATIONALITY1 & SLATE2 & 9 ! /ATE WE REA* ! FUR!/ LIMIT BEYOND :I* IT CANNOT GO4 ,! NECESSITY ( EXT5D+ ! SPH]E ( LOVE IS BEYOND DISPUTE4 ,BUT 9 REALITY ! POSSIBILITY ( ?IS LOVE IS DE/ROY$ BY ! NECESSITY ( EXT5D+ ITS OBJECT 9DEF9ITELY4 ,& ?US ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( P]SONAL HUMAN LOVE IS MADE MANIFE/4 ,& H]E ! ADVOCATES ( ,POSITIVI/1 ,COMMUNI/IC1 ,SOCIALI/IC FRAT]NITY PROPOSE TO DRAW UPON ,*RI/IAN LOVE TO MAKE UP ! DEFAULT ( ?IS BANKRUPT HUMAN LOVE2 BUT ,*RI/IAN LOVE ONLY 9 ITS RESULTS1 NOT 9 ITS F\NDATIONS4 ,!Y PROPOSE LOVE = HUMANITY ALONE1 AP>T FROM LOVE = ,GOD4 ,BUT SU* A LOVE CANNOT EXI/4 ,!RE IS NO MOTIVE TO PRODUCE IT4 ,*RI/IAN LOVE IS ! RESULT ONLY ( ! ,*RI/IAN CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 9 :I* ! AIM ( LIFE IS TO LOVE & S]VE ,GOD4 ,! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE HAS L$ M51 BY A NATURAL TRANSITION FROM LOVE ( SELF & !N ( FAMILY1 TRIBE1 NATION1 & /ATE1 TO A CONSCI\SNESS ( ! NECESSITY ( LOVE = HUMANITY1 A CONCEPTION :I* HAS NO DEF9ITE LIMITS & EXT5DS TO ALL LIV+ ?+S4 ,& ?IS NECESSITY = LOVE ( :AT AWAK5S NO K9D ( S5TIM5T 9 A MAN IS A CONTRADICTION :I* CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY ! SOCIAL !ORY ( LIFE4 ,! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E 9 ITS FULL SIGNIFICANCE CAN ALONE SOLVE IT1 BY GIV+ A NEW MEAN+ TO LIFE4 ,*RI/IANITY RECOGNIZES LOVE ( SELF1 ( FAMILY1 ( NATION1 & ( HUMANITY1 & NOT ONLY ( HUMANITY1 BUT ( EV]Y?+ LIV+1 EV]Y?+ EXI/+2 IT RECOGNIZES ! NECESSITY ( AN 9F9ITE EXT5SION ( ! SPH]E ( LOVE4 ,BUT ! OBJECT ( ?IS LOVE IS NOT F\ND \TSIDE SELF 9 SOCIETIES ( 9DIVIDUALS1 NOR 9 ! EXT]NAL WORLD1 BUT )9 SELF1 9 ! DIV9E SELF :OSE ESS5CE IS ?AT V]Y LOVE1 :I* ! ANIMAL SELF IS BR\1 MAKE IT SUBJECT TO ! EXT]NAL LAW ( FAMILY1 SOCIETY1 & /ATE40 ,*RI/IANITY SAYS3 0,LIVE ACCORD+ TO Y\R NATURE .2 DO NOT MAKE IT SUBJECT TO ANY?+--NEI!R Y\ 7AN ANIMAL SELF7 NOR ?AT ( O!RS--& Y\ WILL ATTA9 ! V]Y AIM TO :I* Y\ >E /RIV+ :5 Y\ SUBJECT Y\R EXT]NAL SELF40 ,! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E BR+S A MAN TO ! ELEM5T>Y CONSCI\SNESS ( SELF1 ONLY NOT ( ! ANIMAL SELF1 BUT ( ! DIV9E SELF1 ! DIV9E SP>K1 ! SELF AS ! ,SON ( ,GOD1 AS MU* ,GOD AS ! ,FA!R HIMSELF1 ?\< CONF9$ 9 AN ANIMAL HUSK4 ,! CONSCI\SNESS ( BE+ ! ,SON ( ,GOD1 :OSE *IEF *>ACT]I/IC IS LOVE1 SATISFIES ! NE$ = ! EXT5SION ( ! SPH]E ( LOVE TO :I* ! MAN ( ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE HAD BE5 BR\E ( ! P]SONALITY DEM&$ AN EV]-WID5+ EXT5SION ( ! SPH]E ( LOVE2 LOVE WAS A NECESSITY & WAS CONF9$ TO C]TA9 OBJECTS--SELF1 FAMILY1 SOCIETY4 ,) ! ,*RI/IAN CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 LOVE IS NOT A NECESSITY & IS CONF9$ TO NO OBJECT2 IT IS ! ESS5TIAL FACULTY ( ! HUMAN S\L4 ,MAN LOVES NOT BECAUSE IT IS HIS 9T]E/ TO LOVE ?IS OR ?AT1 BUT BECAUSE LOVE IS ! ESS5CE ( HIS S\L1 BECAUSE HE CANNOT BUT LOVE4 ,! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E %[S MAN ?AT ! ESS5CE ( HIS S\L IS LOVE--?AT HIS HAPP9ESS DEP5DS NOT ON LOV+ ?IS OR ?AT OBJECT1 BUT ON LOV+ ! PR9CIPLE ( ! :OLE--,GOD1 :OM HE RECOGNIZES )9 HIMSELF AS LOVE1 & !RE=E HE LOVES ALL ?+S & ALL M54 ,9 ?IS IS ! FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E & ! DOCTR9E ( ! ,POSITIVI/S1 & ALL ! !ORIZ]S AB\T UNIV]SAL BRO!RHOOD ON NON-,*RI/IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,SU* >E ! TWO PR9CIPAL MISUND]/&+S RELAT+ TO ! ,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 FROM :I* ! GREAT] NUMB] ( FALSE REASON+S AB\T IT PROCE$4 ,! FIR/ CONSI/S 9 ! BELIEF ?AT ,*RI/'S TEA*+ 9/RUCTS M51 LIKE ALL PREVI\S RELIGIONS1 BY RULES1 :I* !Y >E B\ND TO FOLL[1 & ?AT !SE RULES CANNOT BE FULFILL$4 ,! SECOND IS ! IDEA ?AT ! :OLE PURPORT ( ,*RI/IANITY IS TO TEA* M5 TO LIVE ADVANTAGE\SLY TOGE!R1 AS ONE FAMILY1 & ?AT TO ATTA9 ?IS WE NE$ ONLY FOLL[ ! RULE ( LOVE TO HUMANITY1 DISMISS+ ALL ?\Y #a#a1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/