,*APT] #h 

#aiaeaiae 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,9 SPITE ( ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP & C5SOR%IP ( ! PRESS1 9 SPITE ( ! ABDICATION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 9 SPITE ( ! FRATRICIDAL W>1 ! CLASS /RUGGLE RISES ) ELEM5TAL =CE FROM \T ( ! ,BURGFRI$52.<#a.> & ! 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( LABOR FROM \T ( ! BLOODY MI/S ( ! BATTLEFIELD4 ,NOT 9 ! WEAK & >TIFICIAL ATTEMPTS TO GALVANIZE ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL1 NOT 9 PL$GES R5EW$ H]E & !RE TO /& TOGE!R AGA9 AFT] ! W>4 ,NO6 ,N[ 9 & FROM ! W> ! FACT EM]GES ) A :OLLY NEW P[] & 5]GY ?AT ! PROLET>IANS ( ALL L&S HAVE ONE & ! SAME 9T]E/S4 ,! W> ITSELF DISPELS ! ILLUSION IT HAS CREAT$4 

,VICTORY OR DEFEAT8 ,?US S\NDS ! SLOGAN ( ! RUL+ MILIT>ISM 9 ALL ! W>R+ C\NTRIES1 &1 LIKE AN E*O1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S HAVE TAK5 IT UP4 ,SUPPOS$LY1 VICTORY OR DEFEAT ON ! BATTLEFIELD %\LD BE = ! PROLET>IANS ( ,G]MANY1 ,FRANCE1 ,5GL&1 OR ,RUSSIA EXACTLY ! SAME AS = ! RUL+ CLASSES ( !SE C\NTRIES4 ,AS SOON AS ! CANNONS ?UND]1 EV]Y PROLET>IAN %\LD BE 9T]E/$ 9 ! VICTORY ( HIS [N C\NTRY &1 !RE=E1 9 ! DEFEAT ( ! O!R C\NTRIES4 ,LET US SEE :AT SU* A VICTORY CAN BR+ TO ! PROLET>IAT4 

,ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL V]SION1 ADOPT$ UNCRITICALLY BY ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S1 ,G]MAN VICTORY HOLDS ! PROSPECT ( UNLIMIT$ ECONOMIC GR[?1 :ILE DEFEAT MEANS ECONOMIC RU94 ,?IS CONCEPTION RE/S UPON ! PATT]N ( ! W> ( #a#h#g4 ,H[EV]1 ! FL\RI%+ CAPITALISM FOLL[+ ?AT W> WAS NOT ! CONSEQU5CE ( ! W> BUT ( ! POLITICAL UNIFICATION1 EV5 ?\< ?IS CAME 9 ! CRIPPL$ =M ( ,BISM>CK'S ,G]MAN ,EMPIRE4 ,ECONOMIC GR[? PROCE$$ \T ( UNIFICATION DESPITE ! W> & ! MANY REACTION>Y OB/ACLES ?AT CAME 9 ITS WAKE4 ,:AT ! VICTORI\S W> CONTRIBUT$ TO ALL ?IS WAS ! 5TR5*M5T ( ! MILIT>Y MON>*Y 9 ,G]MANY & ! RULE ( ! ,PRUSSIAN ,JUNK]S2 ! DEFEAT ( ,FRANCE HELP$ LIQUIDATE ! .<,SECOND.> ,EMPIRE & E/ABLI% ! .<,?IRD.> ,REPUBLIC4 

,BUT TODAY MATT]S >E QUITE DIFF]5T 9 ! BELLIG]5T /ATES4 ,TODAY W> DOES NOT FUNCTION AS A DYNAMIC ME?OD ( PROCUR+ = RIS+ Y\NG CAPITALISM ! PRECONDITIONS ( ITS 0NATIONAL0 DEVELOPM5T4 ,W> HAS ?IS *>ACT] ONLY 9 ! ISOLAT$ & FRAGM5T>Y CASE ( ,S]BIA4 ,R$UC$ TO ITS HI/ORICALLY OBJECTIVE ESS5CE1 TODAY'S WORLD W> IS 5TIRELY A COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE AMONG FULLY MATURE CAPITALISMS = WORLD DOM9ATION1 = ! EXPLOITATION ( ! REMA9+ ZONES ( ! WORLD NOT YET CAPITALI/IC4 ,?AT IS :Y ?IS W> IS TOTALLY DIFF]5T 9 *>ACT] & EFFECTS4 ,! HI< DEGREE ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T 9 ! CAPITALI/ WORLD IS EXPRESS$ 9 ! EXTRAORD9>ILY ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY1 ?AT IS1 9 ! DE/RUCTIVE P[] ( ! WEAPONRY :I* APPROA*ES ! SAME LEVEL 9 ALL ! W>R+ NATIONS4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( ! MURD] 9DU/RY IS REFLECT$ N[ 9 ! MILIT>Y BALANCE1 ! SCALES ( :I* ALWAYS RI<T !MSELVES AFT] P>TIAL DECISIONS & MOM5T>Y *ANGES2 A G5]AL DECISION IS ALWAYS & AGA9 PU%$ 9TO ! FUTURE4 ,! 9DECISIV5ESS ( MILIT>Y RESULTS LEADS TO EV] NEW RES]VES FROM ! POPULATION MASSES ( W>R+ & HI!RTO NEUTRAL NATIONS BE+ S5T 9TO FIRE4 ,! W> F9DS ABUNDANT MAT]IAL TO FE$ IMP]IALI/ APPETITES & CONTRADICTIONS1 CREATES ITS [N SUPPLIES ( !SE1 & SPREADS LIKE WILDFIRE4 ,BUT ! MI<TI] ! MASSES & ! MORE NUM]\S ! NATIONS DRAGG$ 9TO ! W> ON ALL SIDES1 ! MORE DRAWN \T ITS EXI/5CE WILL BE4 

,CONSID]$ ALL TOGE!R1 & BE=E ANY DECISION REG>D+ MILIT>Y VICTORY OR DEFEAT HAS BE5 TAK51 ! EFFECT ( ! W> WILL BE UNLIKE ANY PH5OM5ON ( E>LI] W>S 9 ! MOD]N AGE3 ! ECONOMIC RU9 ( ALL BELLIG]5TS & TO AN 9CREAS+ DEGREE ?AT ( ! =MALLY NEUTRAL AS WELL4 ,EV]Y ADDITIONAL MON? ( ! W> AFFIRMS & EXT5DS ?IS RESULT & PO/PONES ! EXPECT$ FRUITS ( MILIT>Y SUCCESS = DECADES4 ,9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 NEI!R VICTORY NOR DEFEAT CAN *ANGE ANY ( ?IS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT MAKES A PURELY MILIT>Y DECISION EXTREMELY UNLIKELY & LEADS ONE TO CONCLUDE ! GREAT] PROBABILITY ?AT ! W> WILL 5D F9ALLY ) ! MO/ G5]AL & MUTUAL EXHAU/ION4 

,9 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES A VICTORI\S ,G]MANY W\LD W9 BUT A ,PYRRHIC VICTORY1 EV5 %\LD ITS IMP]IALI/IC W>MONG]S SUCCE$ 9 ! TOTAL DEFEAT ( ALL ITS 5EMIES ?R\< MASS MURD] & ?US REALIZE ITS AUDACI\S DREAM4 .<,G]MANY'S.> TROPHIES W\LD BE3 A FEW BEGG>$ & DEPOPULAT$ T]RITORIES TO ANNEX4 ,UND] ITS [N RO( W\LD BE A LE]+ RU94 ,& ONCE ! /AGE SC5]Y ( W> LOAN F9ANC+ & ! ,POTEMK9 VILLAGES.<#b.> ( W> CONTRACTS & UN%AKABLE NATIONAL PROSP]ITY >E PU%$ ASIDE IT WILL BE IMM$IATELY SE5 .<AS ! RU9 IT IS.>4 ,IT MU/ BE CLE> EV5 TO ! MO/ SUP]FICIAL OBS]V] ?AT ! MO/ VICTORI\S /ATE CAN NOT EXPECT ANY REP>ATIONS ?AT W\LD EV5 COME CLOSE TO HEAL+ ! W\NDS 9FLICT$ BY ?IS W>4 ,A REPLACEM5T = ?IS & A COMPLEM5T ( 0VICTORY0 W\LD BE ! P]HAPS EV5 GREAT] ECONOMIC RU9 ( ! CONQU]$ SIDE3 ,FRANCE & ,5GL&1 ! V]Y C\NTRIES MO/ CLOSELY CONNECT$ ECONOMICALLY TO ,G]MANY & UPON :OSE WELF>E %E IS MO/ DEP5D5T = H] [N RECOV]Y4 ,AFT] A 0VICTORI\S0 W> ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE W\LD HAVE TO PAY BACK ! W> CR$ITS GRANT$ BY ! PATRIOTIC P>LIAM5T1 ?AT IS1 9 REALITY HAVE TO BE> AN IMM5SE BURD5 ( TAXATION :ILE 5DUR+ A /R5G!N$ MILIT>Y REACTION - ! ONLY LA/+1 TANGIBLE FRUIT ( 0VICTORY40 

,IF WE SEEK TO IMAG9E ! WOR/ RESULTS ( A .<MILIT>Y.> DEFEAT1 !N1 ASIDE FROM ! IMP]IALI/ ANNEXATIONS1 !Y PRES5T FEATURE = FEATURE ESS5TIALLY ! SAME CONSEQU5CES AS W\LD HAVE ISSU$ FROM VICTORY4 ,! CONSEQU5CES ( WAG+ W> >E TODAY SO DEEPLY EMB$D$ & F>-REA*+ 9 NATURE ?AT ! MILIT>Y \TCOME HAS ONLY M9IMAL EFFECTS UPON IT4 

,NEV]!LESS1 LET US ACCEPT = ! MOM5T1 ?AT ! VICTORI\S /ATE W\LD UND]/& H[ TO ?R[ (F ! BURD5 ( GREAT RU9 FROM ITSELF ONTO ITS DEFEAT$ OPPON5T & TO HAM/R+ ITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ) ALL SORTS ( OB/ACLES4 ,CAN ! TRADE UNION /RUGGLES ( ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS GO =W>D AFT] ! W> IF ! UNION ACTION ( ! ,FR5*1 ,5GLI%1 ,BELGIAN1 & ,ITALIAN WORK]S IS ?W>T$ BY ECONOMIC REGRESSION8 ,UNTIL #ahg ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T OP]AT$ 9DEP5D5TLY 9 EA* C\NTRY2 SOMETIMES KEY DECISIONS W]E TAK5 9 9DIVIDUAL CITIES4 ,IT WAS 9 ,P>IS ON :OSE COBBLE/ONES ! BATTLES ( ! PROLET>IAT W]E JO9$ & DECID$4 ,! LABOR MOVEM5T ( TODAY1 .<BECAUSE (.> ITS MORE >DU\S DAILY ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 BASES ITS MASS ORGANIZATION ON COOP]ATION .<) WORK] MOVEM5TS.> 9 ALL CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,IF ! PR9CIPLE IS VALID ?AT ! WORK]S' CAUSE CAN FL\RI% ONLY ON ! BASIS ( A HEAL?Y1 P[]FULLY PULSAT+ ECONOMIC LIFE1 !N IT IS VALID NOT ONLY = ,G]MANY BUT ALSO = ,FRANCE1 ,5GL&1 ,BELGIUM1 ,RUSSIA1 ,ITALY4 ,& IF ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T /AGNATES 9 ALL ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE1 IF !RE EXI/ L[ WAGES1 WEAK UNIONS1 & SLI<T RESI/ANCE TO EXPLOITATION1 !N IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE = ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T TO ?RIVE 9 ,G]MANY4 ,FROM ?IS /&PO9T & 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 IT IS EXACTLY ! SAME LOSS = ! SITUATION ( ! PROLET>IAT IF ,G]MAN CAPITALISM 5RI*ES ITSELF AT ! CO/ ( ! ,FR5* OR ! ,5GLI% AT ! CO/ ( ! ,G]MAN4 

,LET US TURN1 H[EV]1 TO ! POLITICAL RESULTS ( ! W>4 ,H]E DIFF]5TIATION \<T TO BE EASI] ?AN 9 ! ECONOMIC >EA4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 ! SYMPA?IES & P>TIZAN%IP ( ! SOCIALI/S HAVE BE5 ON ! SIDE FI<T+ = HI/ORICAL PROGRESS & AGA9/ REACTION4 ,:I* SIDE 9 ! PRES5T W> REPRES5TS PROGRESS & :I* REACTION8 ,CLE>LY1 ?IS QUE/ION CANNOT BE ANSW]$ ON ! BASIS ( ! SUP]FICIAL LABELS ( ! W>R+ /ATES1 SU* AS 0DEMOCRACY0 OR 0ABSOLUTISM40 ,RA!R1 .<! QUE/ION %\LD BE JUDG$.> ON ! ACTUAL OBJECTIVE T5D5CIES !Y REPRES5T 9 WORLD POLITICS4 ,BE=E WE CAN JUDGE :AT B5EFITS A ,G]MAN VICTORY W\LD BR+ TO ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT1 WE MU/ SEE :AT ! EFFECTS .<( SU* A VICTORY.> W\LD HAVE UPON ! OV]ALL %APE ( ,EUROPEAN POLITICAL RELATION%IPS4 

,! DEF9ITIVE VICTORY ( ,G]MANY W\LD RESULT 9 ! IMM$IATE ANNEXATION ( ,BELGIUM1 AS WELL AS ADDITIONAL /RIPS ( T]RITORY 9 EA/ & WE/1 :]EV] FEASIBLE1 & A P>T ( ! ,FR5* COLONIES4 ,! ,HABSBURG MON>*Y W\LD BE PRES]V$ & 5RI*$ ) NEW REGIONS4 ,F9ALLY1 ,TURKEY1 RETA9+ A FICTIONAL 09TEGRITY10 W\LD BECOME A ,G]MAN PROTECTORATE :I* W\LD MEAN ! SIMULTANE\S TRANS=MATION ( ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ 9TO DE FACTO ,G]MAN PROV9CES1 :ATEV] ! =M4 ,! ACTUAL MILIT>Y & ECONOMIC HEGEMONY ( ,G]MANY 9 ,EUROPE W\LD LOGICALLY FOLL[ !SE RESULTS4 

,!SE RESULTS ( A DECISIVE ,G]MAN MILIT>Y VICTORY WILL COME AB\T1 NOT BECAUSE !Y CORRESPOND TO ! WI%ES ( IMP]IALI/ AGITATORS 9 ?IS W>1 BUT BECAUSE !Y >E ! :OLLY 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES EMANAT+ FROM ,G]MANY'S POSITION 9 ! WORLD & FROM ! ORIG9AL CONFLICTS ) ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 & ,RUSSIA ?AT HAVE GR[N TREM5D\SLY BEYOND !IR 9ITIAL DIM5SIONS DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! W>4 ,IT WILL SUFFICE TO PUT !SE RESULTS 9TO CONTEXT BY UND]/&+ ?AT UND] NO CIRCUM/ANCES WILL IT BE POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 ANY SORT ( BALANCE ( P[] 9 ! WORLD4 

,! W> MEANS RU9 = ALL ! BELLIG]5TS1 AL?\< MORE SO = ! DEFEAT$4 ,ON ! DAY AFT] ! CONCLUD+ ( PEACE1 PREP>ATIONS = A NEW WORLD W> WILL BE BEGUN UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,5GL& 9 ORD] TO ?R[ (F ! YOKE ( ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN MILIT>ISM BURD5+ ,EUROPE & ! ,NE> ,EA/4 ,A ,G]MAN VICTORY W\LD BE ONLY A PRELUDE TO A SOON-TO-FOLL[ SECOND WORLD W>2 & ?IS W\LD BE ! SIGNAL = A NEW1 FEV]I% >MS RACE AS WELL AS ! UNLEA%+ ( ! BLACKE/ REACTION 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 BUT FIR/ & =EMO/ 9 ,G]MANY ITSELF4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 AN ,ANGLO-,FR5* VICTORY W\LD MO/ PROBABLY LEAD TO ! LOSS ( AT LEA/ SOME ,G]MAN COLONIES1 AS WELL AS ,ALSACE-,LORRA9E4 ,QUITE C]TA9 W\LD BE ! BANKRUPTCY ( ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM ON ! WORLD /AGE4 ,BUT ?AT ALSO MEANS ! P>TITION ( ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y & ! TOTAL LIQUIDATION ( ,TURKEY4 ,! FALL ( SU* >*-REACTION>Y CREATURES AS !SE TWO /ATES IS :OLLY 9 KEEP+ ) ! DEM&S ( PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T4 .<,BUT.> ! FALL ( ! ,HABSBURG MON>*Y AS WELL AS ,TURKEY1 9 ! CONCRETE SITUATION ( WORLD POLITICS1 CAN HAVE NO O!R EFFECT ?AN TO PUT !IR PEOPLES 9 PAWN TO ,RUSSIA1 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 & ,ITALY4 ,ADD TO ?IS GR&IOSE R$RAW+ ( ! WORLD MAP P[] %IFTS 9 ! ,BALKANS & ! ,M$IT]RANEAN & A FUR!R ONE 9 ,ASIA4 ,! LIQUIDATION ( ,P]SIA & A NEW DISMEMB]M5T ( ,*9A WILL 9EVITABLY FOLL[4 

,9 ! WAKE .<( !SE *ANGES.> ! ,5GLI%-,RUSSIAN1 AS WELL AS ! ,5GLI%-,JAPANESE1 CONFLICT WILL MOVE 9TO ! =EGR\ND ( WORLD POLITICS4 ,& DIRECTLY UPON ! LIQUIDATION ( ?IS WORLD W>1 !SE .<CONFLICTS.> MAY LEAD TO A NEW WORLD W>1 P]HAPS OV] ,CON/ANT9OPLE1 & W\LD C]TA9LY MAKE IT LIKELY4 ,?US1 FROM ?IS SIDE1 TOO1 .<AN ,ANGLO-,FR5*.> VICTORY W\LD LEAD TO A NEW FEV]I% >MAM5TS RACE AMONG ALL ! /ATES - ) DEFEAT$ ,G]MANY OBVI\SLY 9 ! =EFRONT4 ,AN ]A ( UNALLOY$ MILIT>ISM & REACTION W\LD DOM9ATE ALL ,EUROPE ) A NEW WORLD W> AS ITS ULTIMATE GOAL4 

,?US PROLET>IAN POLICY IS LOCK$ 9 A DILEMMA :5 TRY+ TO DECIDE ON :I* SIDE IT \<T TO 9T]V5E1 :I* SIDE REPRES5TS PROGRESS & DEMOCRACY 9 ?IS W>4 ,9 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 & FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS AS A :OLE1 VICTORY OR DEFEAT1 9 POLITICAL AS WELL AS ECONOMIC T]MS1 COMES D[N TO A HOPELESS *OICE BETWE5 TWO K9DS ( BEAT+S = ! ,EUROPEAN WORK+ CLASSES4 ,!RE=E1 IT IS NO?+ BUT FATAL MADNESS :5 ! ,FR5* SOCIALI/S IMAG9E ?AT ! MILIT>Y DEFEAT ( ,G]MANY WILL /RIKE A BL[ AT ! HEAD ( MILIT>ISM & IMP]IALISM & !REBY PAVE ! WAY = PEACEFUL DEMOCRACY 9 ! WORLD4 ,IMP]IALISM & ITS S]VANT1 MILIT>ISM1 WILL CALCULATE !IR PR(ITS FROM EV]Y VICTORY & EV]Y DEFEAT 9 ?IS W> - EXCEPT 9 ONE CASE3 IF ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT 9T]V5ES 9 A REVOLUTION>Y WAY & PUTS AN 5D TO SU* CALCULATIONS4 

,?IS W>'S MO/ IMPORTANT LESSON = ! POLICY ( ! PROLET>IAT IS ! UNASSAILABLE FACT ?AT IT CANNOT P>ROT ! SLOGAN ,VICTORY OR ,DEFEAT1 NOT 9 ,G]MANY OR 9 ,FRANCE1 NOT 9 ,5GL& OR 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,ONLY FROM ! /&PO9T ( IMP]IALISM DOES ?IS SLOGAN HAVE ANY REAL CONT5T4 ,= EV]Y ,GREAT ,P[] IT IS ID5TICAL TO ! QUE/ION ( GA9 OR LOSS ( POLITICAL /&+1 ( ANNEXATIONS1 COLONIES1 & MILIT>Y PR$OM9ANCE4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( CLASS = ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT AS A :OLE ! VICTORY & DEFEAT ( ANY ( ! W>R+ CAMPS IS EQUALLY DISA/R\S4 

,IT IS W> AS SU*1 NO MATT] H[ IT 5DS MILIT>ILY1 ?AT SIGNIFIES ! GREATE/ DEFEAT = ,EUROPE'S PROLET>IAT4 ,IT IS ONLY ! OV]COM+ ( W> & ! SPE$IE/ POSSIBLE 5=CEM5T ( PEACE BY ! 9T]NATIONAL MILITANCY ( ! PROLET>IAT ?AT CAN BR+ VICTORY TO ! WORK]S' CAUSE4 ,& 9 REALITY ?IS VICTORY ALONE CAN SIMULTANE\SLY RESCUE ,BELGIUM AS WELL AS DEMOCRACY 9 ,EUROPE4 

,! CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT CANNOT ID5TIFY ) ANY ( ! MILIT>Y CAMPS 9 ?IS W>4 ,DOES IT FOLL[ ?AT PROLET>IAN POLICY \<T TO DEM& MA9T5ANCE ( ! /ATUS QUO1 ?AT WE HAVE NO O!R ACTION PROGRAM BEYOND ! WI% ?AT EV]Y?+ %\LD BE AS IT WAS BE=E ! W>8 ,BUT EXI/+ CONDITIONS HAVE NEV] BE5 \R IDEAL2 !Y HAVE NEV] EXPRESS$ ! SELF-DET]M9ATION ( PEOPLES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! E>LI] CONDITIONS >E NO LONG] TO BE SAV$2 !Y NO LONG] EXI/1 EV5 IF HI/ORIC /ATE BORD]S CONT9UE TO EXI/4 ,EV5 BE=E ITS RESULTS HAVE BE5 =MALLY E/ABLI%$1 ! W> HAS ALREADY BR\<T AB\T IMM5SE CONFUSION 9 P[] RELATION%IPS1 ! RECIPROCAL E/IMATE ( =CES1 ( ALLIANCES1 & CONFLICTS4 ,IT HAS %>PLY REVIS$ ! RELATIONS BETWE5 /ATES & ( CLASSES )9 SOCIETY4 ,SO MANY OLD ILLUSIONS & POT5CIES HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$1 SO MANY NEW =CES & PROBLEMS HAVE BE5 CREAT$ ?AT A RETURN TO ! OLD ,EUROPE AS IT EXI/$ BE=E ,AUGU/ #d1 #aiad IS \T ( ! QUE/ION4 .<,IT IS.> AS \T ( ! QUE/ION AS A RETURN TO PRE-REVOLUTION>Y CONDITIONS EV5 AFT] A DEFEAT$ REVOLUTION4 

,PROLET>IAN POLICY KN[S NO RETREAT2 IT CAN ONLY /RUGGLE =W>D4 ,IT MU/ ALWAYS GO BEYOND ! EXI/+ & ! NEWLY CREAT$4 ,9 ?IS S5SE ALONE1 IT IS LEGITIMATE = ! PROLET>IAT TO CONFRONT BO? CAMPS ( IMP]IALI/S 9 ! WORLD W> ) A POLICY ( ITS [N4 

,BUT ?IS POLICY CAN NOT CONSI/ ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES HOLD+ 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CES :]E !Y 9DIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY COMPETE TO DISCOV] +5I\S RECIPES ) :I* B\RGEOIS DIPLOMATS \<T TO MAKE ! PEACE & 5SURE ! FUR!R PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T ( DEMOCRACY4 ,ALL DEM&S = COMPLETE OR P>TIAL 0DIS>MAM5T10 = ! DISMANTL+ ( SECRET DIPLOMACY1 = ! P>TITION ( ALL MULT9ATIONAL GREAT /ATES 9TO SMALL NATIONAL ONE1 & SO =? >E P>T & P>CEL UTOPIAN AS LONG AS CAPITALI/ CLASS DOM9ATION HOLDS ! RE9S4 .<,CAPITALISM.> CANNOT1 UND] ITS CURR5T IMP]IALI/ C\RSE1 DISP5SE ) PRES5T-DAY MILIT>ISM1 SECRET DIPLOMACY1 OR ! C5TRALIZ$ MULT9ATIONAL /ATE4 ,9 FACT1 IT W\LD BE MORE P]T95T = ! REALIZATION ( !SE PO/ULATES TO MAKE JU/ ONE SIMPLE 0DEM&03 ABOLITION ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS /ATE4 

,IT IS NOT ?R\< UTOPIAN ADVICE & S*EMES TO TAME1 AMELIORATE1 OR RE=M IMP]IALISM )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE ?AT PROLET>IAN POLICY CAN RECONQU] ITS LEAD+ PLACE4 ,! ACTUAL PROBLEM ?AT ! WORLD W> HAS POS$ TO ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 UPON ! SOLUTION ( :I* ! DE/9Y ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T DEP5DS1 IS ?IS3 ! CAPACITY ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES = ACTION 9 ! BATTLE AGA9/ IMP]IALISM4 ,! PROLET>IAT DOES NOT LACK = PO/ULATES1 PROGNOSES1 SLOGANS2 IT LACKS DE$S1 ! CAPACITY = EFFECTIVE RESI/ANCE TO IMP]IALISM AT ! DECISIVE MOM5T1 TO 9T]V5E AGA9/ IT DUR+ .<NOT AFT].> ! W> & TO CONV]T ! OLD SLOGAN 0W> AGA9/ W>0 9TO PRACTICE4 ,H]E IS ! CRUX ( ! MATT]1 ! ,GORDIAN KNOT ( PROLET>IAN POLITICS & ITS LONG T]M FUTURE4 

,IMP]IALISM & ALL ITS POLITICAL BRUTALITY1 ! *A9 ( 9CESSANT SOCIAL CATA/ROPHES ?AT IT HAS LET LOOSE1 IS UND\BT$LY AN HI/ORICAL NECESSITY = ! RUL+ CLASSES ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALI/ WORLD4 ,NO?+ W\LD BE MORE FATAL = ! PROLET>IAT ?AN TO DELUDE ITSELF 9TO BELIEV+ ?AT IT W]E POSSIBLE AFT] ?IS W> TO RESCUE ! IDYLLIC & PEACEFUL CONT9UATION ( CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV]1 ! CONCLUSION TO BE DRAWN BY PROLET>IAN POLICY FROM ! HI/ORICAL NECESSITY ( IMP]IALISM IS ?AT SURR5D] TO IMP]IALISM WILL MEAN LIV+ =EV] 9 ITS VICTORI\S %AD[ & EAT+ FROM ITS LEFTOV]S4 

,! HI/ORICAL DIALECTIC MOVES =W>D BY CONTRADICTION1 & E/ABLI%ES 9 ! WORLD ! ANTI!SIS ( EV]Y NECESSITY4 ,B\RGEOIS CLASS DOM9ATION IS UND\BT$LY AN HI/ORICAL NECESSITY1 BUT1 SO TOO1 ! RIS+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS AGA9/ IT4 ,CAPITAL IS AN HI/ORICAL NECESSITY1 BUT1 SO TOO1 ITS GRAVE DIGG]1 ! SOCIALI/ PROLET>IAT4 ,IMP]IALI/ WORLD DOM9ATION IS AN HI/ORICAL NECESSITY1 BUT1 SO TOO1 ITS DE/RUCTION BY ! PROLET>IAN 9T]NATIONAL4 ,/EP = /EP !RE >E TWO HI/ORICAL NECESSITIES 9 CONFLICT ) ONE ANO!R4 ,\RS1 ! NECESSITY ( SOCIALISM1 HAS ! GREAT] /AM9A4 ,\R NECESSITY 5T]S 9TO ITS FULL RI<TS ! MOM5T ?AT ! O!R - B\RGEOIS CLASS DOM9ATION - CEASES TO BE ! BE>] ( HI/ORICAL PROGRESS1 :5 IT BECOMES AN OB/ACLE1 A DANG] TO ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY4 ,! CAPITALI/ WORLD ORD]1 AS REVEAL$ BY ! WORLD W>1 HAS TODAY REA*$ ?IS PO9T4 

,! EXPANSIONI/ IMP]IALISM ( CAPITALISM1 ! EXPRESSION ( ITS HI<E/ /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T & ITS LA/ PHASE ( EXI/5CE1 PRODUCES ! .<FOLL[+.> ECONOMIC T5D5CIES3 IT TRANS=MS ! 5TIRE WORLD 9TO ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION2 ALL \TMOD$1 PRE-CAPITALI/ =MS ( PRODUCTION & SOCIETY >E SWEPT AWAY2 IT CONV]TS ALL ! WORLD'S RI*ES & MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9TO CAPITAL1 ! WORK+ MASSES ( ALL ZONES 9TO WAGE SLAVES4 ,9 ,AFRICA & ,ASIA1 FROM ! NOR!RNMO/ %ORES TO ! TIP ( ,S\? ,AM]ICA & ! ,S\? ,SEAS1 ! REMNANT ( ANCI5T PRIMITIVE COMMUNI/ ASSOCIATIONS1 FEUDAL SY/EMS ( DOM9ATION1 PATRI>*AL PEASANT ECONOMIES1 TRADITIONAL =MS ( CRAFTSMAN%IP >E ANNIHILAT$1 CRU%$ BY CAPITAL2 :OLE PEOPLES >E DE/ROY$ & ANCI5T CULTURES FLATT5$4 ,ALL >E SUPPLANT$ BY PR(IT MONG]+ 9 ITS MO/ MOD]N =M4 

,?IS BRUTAL VICTORY P>ADE ( CAPITAL ?R\< ! WORLD1 ITS WAY PREP>$ BY EV]Y MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 ROBB]Y1 & 9FAMY1 HAS ITS LI<T SIDE4 ,IT CREATES ! PRECONDITIONS = ITS [N F9AL DE/RUCTION4 ,IT PUT 9TO PLACE ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( WORLD DOM9ATION1 ! 9DISP5SABLE PRECONDITION = ! SOCIALI/ WORLD REVOLUTION4 ,?IS ALONE CON/ITUTES ! CULTURAL1 PROGRESSIVE SIDE ( ITS REPUT$ 0GREAT WORK ( CIVILIZATION0 9 ! PRIMITIVE L&S4 ,= B\RGEOIS-LIB]AL ECONOMI/S & POLITICIANS1 RAILROADS1 ,SW$I% MAT*ES1 SEW] SY/EMS1 & DEP>TM5T /ORES >E 0PROGRESS0 & 0CIVILIZATION40 ,9 !MSELVES !SE WORKS GRAFT$ ONTO PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS >E NEI!R CIVILIZATION NOR PROGRESS1 = !Y >E B\<T ) ! RAPID ECONOMIC & CULTURAL RU9 ( PEOPLES :O MU/ EXP]I5CE SIMULTANE\SLY ! FULL MIS]Y & HORROR ( TWO ]AS3 ! TRADITIONAL NATURAL ECONOMIC SY/EM & ! MO/ MOD]N & RAPACI\S CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION4 ,?US1 ! CAPITALI/ VICTORY P>ADE & ALL ITS WORKS BE> ! /AMP ( PROGRESS 9 ! HI/ORICAL S5SE ONLY BECAUSE !Y CREATE ! MAT]IAL PRECONDITIONS = ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALI/ DOM9ATION & CLASS SOCIETY 9 G5]AL4 ,& 9 ?IS S5SE IMP]IALISM ULTIMATELY WORKS = US4 

,! WORLD W> IS A TURN+ PO9T4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME1 ! RAV5+ BEA/S SET LOOSE UPON ALL QU>T]S ( ! GLOBE BY CAPITALI/ ,EUROPE HAVE BROK5 9TO ,EUROPE ITSELF4 ,A CRY ( HORROR W5T ?R\< ! WORLD :5 ,BELGIUM1 ?AT PRECI\S JEWEL ( ,EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION1 & :5 ! MO/ AUGU/ CULTURAL MONUM5TS ( NOR!RN ,FRANCE FELL 9TO %>DS UND] ! IMPACT ( ! BL9D =CES ( DE/RUCTION4 ,?IS SAME 0CIVILIZ$ WORLD0 LOOK$ ON PASSIVELY AS ! SAME IMP]IALISM ORDA9$ ! CRUEL DE/RUCTION ( T5 ?\S& ,H]]O TRIBESM5 & FILL$ ! S&S ( ! ,KALAH>I ) ! MAD %RIEKS & DEA? RATTLES ( M5 DY+ ( ?IR/2.<#c.> .<! 0CIVILIZ$ WORLD0 LOOK$ ON.> AS =TY ?\S& M5 ON ! ,PUTUMAYO ,RIV] .<,COLUMBIA.> W]E TORTUR$ TO DEA? )9 T5 YE>S BY A B& ( ,EUROPEAN CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY1 :ILE ! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE W]E MADE 9TO CRIPPLES2 AS 9 ,*9A :]E AN AGE-OLD CULTURE WAS PUT TO ! TOR* BY ,EUROPEAN M]C5>IES1 PRACTIC$ 9 ALL =MS ( CRUELTY1 ANNIHILATION1 & AN>*Y2 AS ,P]SIA WAS /RANGL$1 P[]LESS TO RESI/ ! TI<T5+ NOOSE ( =EIGN DOM9ATION2 AS 9 ,TRIPOLI :]E FIRE & SWORD B[$ ! ,>ABS B5EA? ! YOKE ( CAPITALISM1 DE/ROY$ !IR CULTURE & HABITATIONS4 ,ONLY TODAY HAS ?IS 0CIVILIZ$ WORLD0 BECOME AW>E ?AT ! BITE ( ! IMP]IALI/ BEA/ BR+S DEA?1 ?AT ITS V]Y BREA? IS 9FAMY4 ,ONLY N[ HAS .<! CIVILIZ$ WORLD.> RECOGNIZ$ ?IS1 AFT] ! BEA/'S RIPP+ TALONS HAVE CLAW$ ITS [N MO!R'S LAP1 ! B\RGEOIS CIVILIZATION ( ,EUROPE ITSELF4 ,& EV5 ?IS KN[L$GE IS GRAPPL$ ) 9 ! DI/ORT$ =M ( B\RGEOIS HYPOCRISY4 ,EV]Y PEOPLE RECOGNIZES ! 9FAMY ONLY 9 ! NATIONAL UNI=M ( ! 5EMY4 0,G]MAN B>B>IANS60 - AS ?\< EV]Y PEOPLE ?AT M>*ES \T TO DO ORGANIZ$ MURD] W]E NOT TRANS=M$ 9/ANTLY 9TO A B>B>IAN HORDE4 0,COSSACK ATROCITIES60 - AS ?\< W> ITSELF W]E NOT ! ATROCITY ( ATROCITIES1 AS ?\< ! PRAIS+ ( HUMAN SLAU<T] AS H]OISM 9 A SOCIALI/ Y\? PAP] W]E NOT ! PURE/ EXAMPLE ( 9TELLECTUAL COSSACK-DOM6 

,NONE ! LESS1 ! IMP]IALI/ BE/IALITY RAG+ 9 ,EUROPE'S FIELDS HAS ONE EFFECT AB\T :I* ! 0CIVILIZ$ WORLD0 IS NOT HORRIFI$ & = :I* IT HAS NO BREAK+ HE>T3 ?AT IS ! MASS DE/RUCTION ( ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT4 ,NEV] BE=E ON ?IS SCALE HAS A W> EXT]M9AT$ :OLE /RATA ( ! POPULATION2 NOT = A C5TURY HAVE ALL ! GREAT & ANCI5T CULTURAL NATIONS ( ,EUROPE BE5 ATTACK$4 ,MILLIONS ( HUMAN LIVES HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$ 9 ! ,VOSGES1 ! ,>D5NES1 9 ,BELGIUM1 ,POL&1 9 ! ,C>PA?IANS1 ON ! ,SAVE4 ,MILLIONS HAVE BE5 CRIPPL$4 ,BUT ( !SE MILLIONS1 N9E \T ( T5 >E WORK+ PEOPLE FROM ! CITY & ! C\NTRYSIDE4 

,IT IS \R /R5G?1 \R HOPE1 ?AT IS M[N D[N DAY AFT] DAY LIKE GRASS UND] ! SICKLE4 ,! BE/1 MO/ 9TELLIG5T1 MO/ $UCAT$ =CES ( 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALISM1 ! BE>]S ( ! HOLIE/ TRADITIONS & ! BOLDE/ H]OES ( ! MOD]N WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 ! VANGU>D ( ! 5TIRE WORLD PROLET>IAT1 ! WORK]S ( ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,BELGIUM1 ,G]MANY1 ,RUSSIA - !SE >E ! ONES N[ BE+ HAM/RUNG & L$ TO ! SLAU<T]4 ,!SE WORK]S ( ! LEAD+ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE >E EXACTLY ! ONES :O HAVE ! HI/ORICAL MISSION ( C>RY+ \T ! SOCIALI/ TRANS=MATION4 ,ONLY FROM \T ( ,EUROPE1 ONLY FROM \T ( ! OLDE/ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES WILL ! SIGNAL BE GIV5 :5 ! H\R IS RIPE = ! LIB]AT+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,ONLY ! ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 ,BELGIAN1 ,G]MAN1 ,RUSSIAN1 ,ITALIAN WORK]S TOGE!R CAN LEAD ! >MY ( ! EXPLOIT$ & 5SLAV$ ( ! FIVE CONT95TS4 ,:5 ! TIME COMES1 ONLY !Y CAN SETTLE ACC\NTS ) CAPITALISM'S WORK ( GLOBAL DE/RUCTION1 ) ITS C5TURIES ( CRIME COMMITT$ AGA9/ PRIMITIVE PEOPLES4 

,BUT TO PU% AHEAD TO ! VICTORY ( SOCIALISM WE NE$ A /RONG1 ACTIVI/1 $UCAT$ PROLET>IAT1 & MASSES :OSE P[] LIES 9 9TELLECTUAL CULTURE AS WELL AS NUMB]S4 ,!SE MASSES >E BE+ DECIMAT$ BY ! WORLD W>4 ,! FL[] ( \R MATURE & Y\?FUL /R5G?1 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( :OM W]E SOCIALI/ICALLY S*OOL$ 9 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,BELGIUM1 ,G]MANY1 & ,RUSSIA1 ! PRODUCT ( DECADES ( $UCATIONAL & AGITATIONAL TRA9+1 & O!R HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S :O C\LD BE WON = SOCIALISM TOMORR[1 FALL & MOLD] ON ! MIS]ABLE BATTLEFIELDS4 ,! FRUITS ( DECADES ( SACRIFICE & ! EF=TS ( G5]ATIONS >E DE/ROY$ 9 A FEW WEEKS4 ,! KEY TROOPS ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT >E TORN UP BY ! ROOTS4 

,! BLOOD-LETT+ ( ! ,JUNE DAYS .<#a#h#d#h.> P>ALYZ$ ! ,FR5* WORK]S' MOVEM5T = A DECADE & A HALF4 ,!N ! BLOOD-LETT+ ( ! ,COMMUNE MASSACRES AGA9 RET>D$ IT = MORE ?AN A DECADE4 ,:AT IS N[ OCCURR+ IS AN UNPREC$5T$ MASS SLAU<T] ?AT IS R$UC+ ! ADULT WORK+ POPULATION ( ALL ! LEAD+ CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES TO WOM51 OLD PEOPLE1 & CRIPPLES4 ,?IS BLOOD-LETT+ ?REAT5S TO BLE$ ! ,EUROPEAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T TO DEA?4 ,ANO!R SU* WORLD W> & ! \TLOOK = SOCIALISM WILL BE BURI$ B5EA? ! RUBBLE HEAP$ UP BY IMP]IALI/ B>B>ISM4 ,?IS IS MORE .<SIGNIFICANT.> ?AN ! RU?LESS DE/RUCTION ( ,LIEGE & ! ,RHEIMS CA!DRAL4 ,?IS IS AN ASSAULT1 NOT ON ! B\RGEOIS CULTURE ( ! PA/1 BUT ON ! SOCIALI/ CULTURE ( ! FUTURE1 A LE?AL BL[ AGA9/ ?AT =CE :I* C>RIES ! FUTURE ( HUMANITY )9 ITSELF & :I* ALONE CAN BE> ! PRECI\S TREASURES ( ! PA/ 9TO A BETT] SOCIETY4 ,H]E CAPITALISM LAYS BE> ITS DEA?'S HEAD2 H]E IT BETRAYS ! FACT ?AT ITS HI/ORICAL RATIONALE IS US$ UP2 ITS CONT9U$ DOM9ATION IS NO LONG] RECONCILABLE TO ! PROGRESS ( HUMANITY4 

,! WORLD W> TODAY IS DEMON/RABLY NOT ONLY MURD] ON A GR& SCALE2 IT IS ALSO SUICIDE ( ! WORK+ CLASSES ( ,EUROPE4 ,! SOLDI]S ( SOCIALISM1 ! PROLET>IANS ( ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY1 ,RUSSIA1 & ,BELGIUM HAVE = MON?S BE5 KILL+ ONE ANO!R AT ! BEHE/ ( CAPITAL4 ,!Y >E DRIV+ ! COLD /EEL ( MURD] 9TO EA* O!R'S HE>TS4 ,LOCK$ 9 ! EMBRACE ( DEA?1 !Y TUMBLE 9TO A COMMON GRAVE4 

0,DEUTS*L&1 ,DEUTS*L& UB] ,ALLES6 ,LONG LIVE DEMOCRACY6 ,LONG LIVE ! ,CZ> & ,SLAV-DOM6 ,T5 ?\S& T>PAUL9S GU>ANTE$ UP TO REGULATIONS6 ,A HUNDR$ ?\S& KILOS ( BACON1 C(FEE-SUB/ITUTE = IMM$IATE DELIV]Y60 444 ,DIVID5DS >E RIS+1 & ! PROLET>IANS >E FALL+4 ,& ) EV]Y ONE !RE S9KS 9TO ! GRAVE A FI<T] ( ! FUTURE1 A SOLDI] ( ! REVOLUTION1 MANK9D'S SAVIOR FROM ! YOKE ( CAPITALISM4 

,! MADNESS WILL CEASE & ! BLOODY DEMONS ( HELL WILL VANI% ONLY :5 WORK]S 9 ,G]MANY & ,FRANCE1 ,5GL& & ,RUSSIA F9ALLY AWAKE FROM !IR /UPOR1 EXT5D TO EA* O!R A BRO!RLY H&1 & DR[N \T ! BE/IAL *ORUS ( IMP]IALI/ W>-MONG]S & ! %RILL CRY ( CAPITALI/ HY5AS ) LABOR'S OLD & MI<TY BATTLE CRY3 

,PROLET>IANS ( ALL L&S1 UNITE6